The AD9444 is a 14-bit monolithic, sampling analog-to-digital
converter (ADC) with an on-chip, track-and-hold circuit and is
optimized for power, small size, and ease of use. The product
operates at up to an 80 MSPS conversion rate and is optimized
for multicarrier, multimode receivers, such as those found in
cellular infrastructure equipment.
The ADC requires 3.3 V and 5.0 V power supplies and a low
voltage differential input clock for full performance operation.
No external reference or driver components are required for
many applications. Data outputs are LVDS-compatible (ANSI-
644) or CMOS-compatible and include the means to reduce
the overall current needed for short trace distances.
AD9444
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
AGNDDRGND DRVDD
AVDD1 AVDD2
2
28
2
DFS
DCS MODE
OUTPUT MODE
OR
D13–D0
DCO
AD9444
VIN+
VIN–
CLK+
CLK–
BUFFER
CLOCK
AND TIMING
MANAGEMENT
T/H
VREF
PIPELINE
ADC
REF
Figure 1.
14
CMOS
OR
LVDS
OUTPUT
STAGING
REFBSENSE REFT
Optional features allow users to implement various selectable
operating conditions, including data format select and output
data mode.
The AD9444 is available in a 100-lead surface-mount plastic
package (100-lead TQFP/EP) specified over the industrial
temperature range (−40°C to +85°C).
PRODUCT HIGHLIGHTS
1. High performance: Outstanding SFDR performance for mul-
ticarrier, multimode 3G and 4G cellular base station
receivers.
2. Ease of use: On-chip reference and track-and-hold. An
output clock simplifies data capture.
3. Packaged in a Pb-free, 100-lead TQFP/EP.
4. Clock DCS maintains overall ADC performance over a wide
range of clock pulse widths.
5. OR (out-of-range) outputs indicate when the signal is beyond
the selected input range.
05089-001
Rev. 0
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any
infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use.
Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication
or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and
registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
No Missing Codes Full VI Guaranteed
Offset Error Full VI 6 ±0.3 6 mV
Gain Error
1
Differential Nonlinearity (DNL)
Integral Nonlinearity (INL)2 25°C I −1.3 ±0.6 +1.3 LSB
Full VI −1.7 +1.7 LSB
TEMPERATURE DRIFT
Offset Error Full V 12 µV/°C
Gain Error Full V 0.002 %FS/°C
VOLTAGE REFERENCE
Output Voltage1 Full VI 0.87 1.0 1.13 V
Load Regulation @ 1.0 mA Full V ±2 mV
Reference Input Current (External 1.0 V Reference) Full VI 80 125 µA
INPUT REFERRED NOISE 25°C V 1.0 LSB rms
ANALOG INPUT
Input Span Full V 2 V p-p
Input Common-Mode Voltage Full V 3.5 V
Input Resistance
3
Input Capacitance3 Full V 2.5 pF
POWER SUPPLIES
Supply Voltage
AVDD1 Full IV 3.14 3.3 3.46 V
AVDD2 Full IV 4.75 5.0 5.25 V
DRVDD—LVDS Outputs Full IV 3.0 3.6 V
DRVDD—CMOS Outputs Full IV 3.0 3.3 3.6 V
Supply Current
AVDD1 Full VI 217 240 mA
AVDD22 Full VI 71 80 mA
IDRVDD2—LVDS Outputs Full VI 55 62 mA
IDRVDD2—CMOS Outputs Full V 12 mA
PSRR
Offset Full V 1 mV/V
Gain Full V 0.2 %/V
POWER CONSUMPTION
DC Input—LVDS Outputs Full VI 1.21 1.4 W
DC Input—CMOS Outputs Full V 1.07 W
Sine Wave Input2—LVDS Outputs Full VI 1.25 W
Sine Wave Input2—CMOS Outputs Full V 1.11 W
1
The internal voltage reference is trimmed at final test to minimize the gain error of the AD9444.
2
Measured at the maximum clock rate, fIN = 15 MHz, full-scale sine wave, with a 100 Ω differential termination on each pair of output bits for LVDS output mode and
approximately 5 pF loading on each output bit for CMOS output mode.
3
Input capacitance or resistance refers to the effective impedance between one differential input pin and AGND. Refer to for the equivalent analog input
Maximum Conversion Rate Full VI 80 MSPS
Minimum Conversion Rate Full V 10 MSPS
CLK Period Full V 12.5 ns
CLK Pulse Width High1 (t
CLK Pulse Width Low1 (t
) Full V 4 ns
CLKH
) Full V 4 ns
CLKL
DATA OUTPUT PARAMETERS
Output Propagation Delay—CMOS (tPD)2 (DX, DCO+) Full IV 3 5.25 8 ns
Output Propagation Delay—LVDS (tPD)3 (DX+, DCO+) Full VI 3 5 7.5 ns
Pipeline Delay (Latency) Full V 12 Cycles
Aperture Delay (tA) Full V ns
Aperture Uncertainty (Jitter, tJ) Full V 0.2 ps rms
1
With duty cycle stabilizer (DCS) enabled.
2
Output propagation delay is measured from clock 50% transition to data 50% transition, with 5 pF load.
3
LVDS R
= 100 Ω. Measured from the 50% point of the rising edge of CLK+ to the 50% point of the data transition.
TERM
Unit
A
CLK+
CLK–
DATA OUT
DCO+
DCO–
N–1
IN
t
CLKH
t
CLKL
t
CPD
N
N+1
1/f
S
t
PD
N–12
12 CLOCK CYCLES
N–11
N
N+1
05089-002
Figure 2. LVDS Mode Timing Diagram
Rev. 0 | Page 6 of 40
AD9444
N
N+1
t
CLKL
t
PD
N+2
12 CYCLES
VIN
CLK–
CLK+
N–1
t
CLKH
DX
DCO+
DCO–
N-12N-11N-1N
t
DCOPD
Figure 3. CMOS Timing Diagram
EXPLANATION OF TEST LEVELS
Test Level Definitions
I 100% production tested.
II 100% production tested at 25°C and sample tested at specified temperatures.
III Sample tested only.
IV Parameter is guaranteed by design and characterization testing.
V Parameter is a typical value only.
VI 100% production tested at 25°C and guaranteed by design and characterization for industrial temperature range.
05089-003
Rev. 0 | Page 7 of 40
AD9444
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Table 5.
With
Parameter
ELECTRICAL
AVDD1 AGND −0.3 +4 V
AVDD2 AGND −0.3 +6 V
DRVDD DGND −0.3 +4 V
AGND DGND −0.3 +0.3 V
AVDD1 DRVDD −4 +4 V
AVDD2 DRVDD −4 +6 V
AVDD2 AVDD1 −4 +6 V
D0 to D13 DGND –0.3 DRVDD + 0.3 V
CLK, MODE AGND –0.3 AVDD1 + 0.3 V
VIN+, VIN− AGND –0.3 AVDD2 + 0.3 V
VREF AGND –0.3 AVDD1 + 0.3 V
SENSE AGND –0.3 AVDD1 + 0.3 V
REFT, REFB AGND –0.3 AVDD1 + 0.3 V
ENVIRONMENTAL
Storage Temperature –65 +125 °C
Operating Temperature Range –40 +85 °C
Lead Temperature Range
(Soldering 10 sec)
Junction Temperature 150 °C
Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings
may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress
rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any
other conditions above those indicated in the operational
section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute
maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect
device reliability.
Respect to
Min Max Unit
300 °C
Thermal Resistance
The heat sink of the AD9444 package must be soldered to
ground.
Table 6.
Package Type θ
100-Lead TQFP/EP 19.8 8.3 2 °C/W
JA
θ
JB
θ
JC
Unit
Typical θ
= 19.8°C/W (heat-sink soldered) for multilayer
JA
board in still air.
Typical θ
= 8.3°C/W (heat-sink soldered) for multilayer board
JB
in still air.
Typical θ
= 2°C/W (junction to exposed heat sink) represents
more metal directly in contact with the package leads, from
metal traces, through holes, ground, and power planes, reduces
. It is required that the exposed heat sink be soldered to
the θ
JA
the ground plane.
ESD CAUTION
ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily accumulate on the
human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although this product features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices subjected to high energy electrostatic
discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of
functionality.
Rev. 0 | Page 8 of 40
AD9444
DEFINITIONS OF SPECIFICATIONS
Analog Bandwidth (Full Power Bandwidth)
The analog input frequency at which the spectral power of the
fundamental frequency (as determined by the FFT analysis) is
reduced by 3 dB.
Minimum Conversion Rate
The clock rate at which the SNR of the lowest analog signal
frequency drops by no more than 3 dB below the guaranteed
limit.
Aperture Delay (t
)
A
The delay between the 50% point of the rising edge of the clock
and the instant at which the analog input is sampled.
Aperture Uncertainty (Jitter, t
)
J
The sample-to-sample variation in aperture delay.
Clock Pulse Width and Duty Cycle
Pulse width high is the minimum amount of time that the
clock pulse should be left in the Logic 1 state to achieve rated
performance. Pulse width low is the minimum time the clock
pulse should be left in the low state. At a given clock rate, these
specifications define an acceptable clock duty cycle.
Differential Nonlinearity (DNL, No Missing Codes)
An ideal ADC exhibits code transitions that are exactly 1 LSB
apart. DNL is the deviation from this ideal value. Guaranteed no
missing codes to 14-bit resolution indicates that all 16384 codes
must be present over all operating ranges.
Effective Number of Bits (ENOB)
The effective number of bits for a sine wave input at a given
input frequency can be calculated directly from its measured
SINAD using the following formula
()
SINAD
=
ENOB
1.76−
6.02
Gain Error
The first code transition should occur at an analog value ½ LSB
above negative full scale. The last transition should occur at an
analog value 1 ½ LSB below the positive full scale. Gain error is
the deviation of the actual difference between first and last code
transitions and the ideal difference between first and last code
transitions.
Offset Error
The major carry transition should occur for an analog value
½ LSB below VIN+ = VIN−. Offset error is defined as the
deviation of the actual transition from that point.
Out-of-Range Recovery Time
The time it takes for the ADC to reacquire the analog input
after a transition from 10% above positive full scale to 10%
above negative full scale, or from 10% below negative full scale
to 10% below positive full scale.
Output Propagation Delay (tPD)
The delay between the clock rising edge and the time when all
bits are within valid logic levels.
Power-Supply Rejection Ratio
The change in full scale from the value with the supply at the
minimum limit to the value with the supply at its maximum limit.
Signal-to-Noise and Distortion (SINAD)
The ratio of the rms input signal amplitude to the rms value of
the sum of all other spectral components below the Nyquist
frequency, including harmonics but excluding dc.
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)
The ratio of the rms input signal amplitude to the rms value of
the sum of all other spectral components below the Nyquist
frequency, excluding the first six harmonics and dc.
Spurious-Free Dynamic Range (SFDR)
The ratio of the rms signal amplitude to the rms value of the
peak spurious spectral component. The peak spurious component may or may not be a harmonic. May be reported in dBc
(i.e., degrades as signal level is lowered) or dBFS (always related
back to converter full scale).
Integral Nonlinearity (INL)
The deviation of each individual code from a line drawn from
negative full scale through positive full scale. The point used as
negative full scale occurs ½ LSB before the first code transition.
Positive full scale is defined as a level 1 ½ LSBs beyond the last
code transition. The deviation is measured from the middle of
each particular code to the true straight line.
Maximum Conversion Rate
The clock rate at which parametric testing is performed.
Rev. 0 | Page 9 of 40
Temperature Drift
The temperature drift for offset error and gain error specifies
the maximum change from the initial (25°C) value to the value
at T
MIN
or T
MAX
.
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)
The ratio of the rms input signal amplitude to the rms value of
the sum of the first six harmonic components.
Two -Ton e SFDR
The ratio of the rms value of either input tone to the rms value
of the peak spurious component. The peak spurious component
may or may not be an IMD product.
CMOS Compatible Output Logic
Mode Control Pin. OUTPUT MODE
= 0 for CMOS mode, and OUTPUT
MODE = 1 (AVDD1) for LVDS
outputs.
Data Format Select Pin. CMOS
control pin that determines the
format of the output data. DFS =
high (AVDD1) for twos complement, DFS = low (ground) for
offset binary format.
Set Pin for LVDS Output Current.
Place 3.7 kΩ resistor terminated to
DRGND.
Reference Mode Selection.
Connect to AGND for internal 1 V
reference, and connect to AVDD2
for external reference.
1.0 V Reference I/O—Function
Dependent on SENSE. Decouple
to ground with 0.1 µF and 10 µF
capacitors.
Analog Ground. The exposed
heat sink on the bottom of the
package must be connected to
AGND.
Differential Reference Output.
Decoupled to ground with 0.1 µF
capacitor and to REFB (Pin 14) with
0.1 µF and 10 µF capacitors.
Differential Reference Output.
Decoupled to ground with a 0.1 µF
capacitor and to REFT (Pin 13) with