ANALOG DEVICES AD8213 Service Manual

Dual, High Voltage
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FEATURES

±4000 V HBM ESD High common-mode voltage range
−2 V to +65 V operating
−3 V to +68 V survival Buffered output voltage Wide operating temperature range
10-lead MSOP: −40°C to +125°C
Excellent ac and dc performance
3 μV/°C typical offset drift
−10 ppm/°C typical gain drift
120 dB typical CMRR at dc

APPLICATIONS

High-side current sensing
Motor controls Transmission controls Diesel injection controls Engine management Suspension controls Vehicle dynamic controls DC-to-DC converters
Current Shunt Monitor
AD8213

FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM

OUT2
IN2 +IN2
PROPRIETARY
OFFSET
CIRCUITRY
G = +20
A2
CF2
Figure 1.
A1
PROPRIETARY
OFFSET
CIRCUITRY
CF1GND
IN1+IN1
G = +20
AD8213
V+
OUT1
06639-001

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The AD8213 is a dual-channel, precision current sense amplifier. It features a set gain of 20 V/V, with a maximum ±0.5% gain error over the entire temperature range. The buffered output voltage directly interfaces with any typical converter. Excellent common­mode rejection from −2 V to +65 V, is independent of the 5 V supply. The AD8213 performs unidirectional current measure­ments across a shunt resistor in a variety of industrial and automotive applications, such as motor control, solenoid control, or battery management.
Special circuitry is devoted to output linearity being maintained t
hroughout the input differential voltage range of 0 mV to 250 mV, regardless of the common-mode voltage present. The AD8213 also features additional pins that allow the user to low-pass filter the input signal before amplifying, via an external capacitor to ground. The AD8213 has an operating temperature range of
−40ºC to +125ºC and is offered in a small 10-lead MSOP package.
Rev. 0
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Anal og Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or ot her rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781.329.4700 www.analog.com Fax: 781.461.3113 ©2007 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.
AD8213
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Features.............................................................................................. 1
Applications....................................................................................... 1
Functional Block Diagram .............................................................. 1
General Description ......................................................................... 1
Revision History ............................................................................... 2
Specifications..................................................................................... 3
Absolute Maximum Ratings............................................................ 4
ESD Caution.................................................................................. 4
Pin Configuration and Function Descriptions............................. 5
Typical Performance Characteristics ............................................. 6
Theory of Operation ...................................................................... 10

REVISION HISTORY

5/07—Revision 0: Initial Version
Application Notes........................................................................... 11
Output Linearity......................................................................... 11
Low-Pass Filtering...................................................................... 11
Applications Information.............................................................. 12
High-Side Current Sense with a Low-Side Switch................. 12
High-Side Current Sensing....................................................... 12
Low-Side Current Sensing ........................................................ 12
Bidirectional Current Sensing.................................................. 13
Outline Dimensions....................................................................... 14
Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 14
Rev. 0 | Page 2 of 16
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SPECIFICATIONS

T
= operating temperature range, VS = 5 V, RL = 25 kΩ (RL is the output load resistor), unless otherwise noted.
OPR
Table 1.
Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Conditions GAIN
Initial 20 V/V
Accuracy ±0.25 % VO ≥ 0.1 V dc Accuracy Over Temperature ±0.5 % T Gain vs. Temperature 0 −10 −25
VOLTAGE OFFSET
Offset Voltage (RTI) ±1 mV 25°C Over Temperature (RTI) ±2.2 mV T Offset Drift ±12
INPUT
Input Impedance
Differential 5 Common Mode 5 V common mode > 5 V
3.5 V common mode < 5 V Common-Mode Input Voltage Range −2 +65 V Common mode continuous Differential Input Voltage Range 250 mV Differential input voltage Common-Mode Rejection 100 120 dB T 80 90 dB T
OUTPUT
Output Voltage Range Low 0.1 0.05 V Output Voltage Range High 4.95 4.9 V Output Impedance 2 Ω
FILTER RESISTOR 18 20 22 kΩ DYNAMIC RESPONSE
Small Signal −3 dB Bandwidth 500 kHz Slew Rate 4.5 V/μs
2.7 V/μs
NOISE
0.1 Hz to 10 Hz, RTI 7 μV p-p Spectral Density, 1 kHz, RTI 70
POWER SUPPLY
Operating Range 4.5 5.5 V Quiescent Current Over Temperature 2.5 3.75 mA
Power Supply Rejection Ratio 76 dB
TEMPERATURE RANGE
For Specified Performance −40 +125
1
When the input common mode is less than 5 V, the supply current increases. This can be calculated by IS = −0.52(VCM) + 4.9 (see Figure 11).
AD8213
OPR
ppm/°
μV/°
C
nV/Hz
°C
C
OPR
T
OPR
, f = DC, VCM > 5 V (see Figure 5)
OPR
, f = DC, VCM < 5 V (see Figure 5)
OPR
C
access to resistor for low-pass filter
F
C
= 20 pF, no filter capacitor (CF)
OUT
C
= 20 pF, CF = 20 pF
OUT
> 5 V, per amplifier1, total supply
V
CM
current for two channels
Rev. 0 | Page 3 of 16
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ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

Table 2.
Parameter Rating
Supply Voltage 12.5 V Continuous Input Voltage −3 V to +68 V Reverse Supply Voltage −0.3 V HBM (Human Body Model) ESD Rating ±4000 V CDM (Charged Device Model) ESD Rating ±1000 V Operating Temperature Range −40°C to +125°C Storage Temperature Range −65°C to +150°C Output Short-Circuit Duration Indefinite
Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings ma
y cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

ESD CAUTION

Rev. 0 | Page 4 of 16
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PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS

1
2
38
47
10
9
–IN2
1
+IN2
2
GND
OUT2
CF2
AD8213
3
TOP VIEW
(Not to Scale)
4
5
Figure 3. Pin Configuration
–IN1
10
+IN1
9
V+
8
7
OUT1
CF1
6
06639-003
5
Figure 2. Metallization Diagram
6
06639-002
Table 3. Pin Function Descriptions
Pin No. Mnemonic X Y Description
1 −IN2 −401 677 Inverting input of the second channel. 2 +IN2 −401 510 Noninverting input of the second channel. 3 GND −401 −53 Ground. 4 OUT2 −394 −500 Output of the second channel. 5 CF2 −448 −768 Low-pass filter pin for the second channel. 6 CF1 448 −768 Low-pass filter pin for the first channel. 7 OUT1 394 −500 Output of the first channel. 8 V+ 401 −61 Supply. 9 +IN1 401 510 Noninverting input of the first channel. 10 −IN1 401 677 Inverting input of the first channel.
Rev. 0 | Page 5 of 16
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TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
(mV)
0
OSI
–0.1
V
–0.2
–0.3
–0.4
–0.5
–0.6
–0.7
–0.8
Figure 4. Typical Offset Drift
130
COMMON-MO DE VOLTAG E > 5V
120
110
100
COMMON-MO DE VOLTAG E < 5V
90
CMRR (dB)
80
70
60
50
10 1M100k10k1k100
Figure 5. CMRR vs. Frequency
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
–500
GAIN ERROR (ppm)
–1000
–1500
–2000
–2500
TEMPERATURE (° C)
FREQUENCY (Hz)
TEMPERATURE (° C)
Figure 6. Typical Gain Drift
120–40 020 20406080100
06639-104
6639-005
120–40 020 20406080100
06639-102
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
–5
GAIN (dB)
–10
–15
–20
–25
–30
–35
–40
10k 100k 1M 10M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
06639-008
Figure 7. Typical Small Signal Bandwidth
= 200 mV p-p)
(V
OUT
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
OUTPUT ERROR ( %)
2
1
0
(% ERROR OF THE IDEAL OUTPUT VALUE)
–1
029590858075706560555045403530252015105
DIFFERENTIAL INPUT VOLTAGE (mV)
50
06639-013
Figure 8. Total Output Error vs. Differential Input Voltage
475
–480
–485
–490
–495
–500
–505
–510
–515
–520
INPUT BIAS CURRENT (nA)
–525
–530
–535
02
DIFFERENTIAL INPUT VOLTAGE (mV)
+IN
–IN
225200175150125100755025
50
06639-010
Figure 9. Input Bias Current vs. Differential Input Voltage
= 0 V) (Per Channel)
(V
CM
Rev. 0 | Page 6 of 16
AD8213
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0.2
0
100mV/DIV
–0.2
–0.4
INPUT
OUTPUT
–0.6
–0.8
INPUT BIAS CURRENT (mA)
–1.0
–1.2
–5 6555453525155
INPUT COMMO N-MODE VO LTAGE (V)
Figure 10. Input Bias Current vs. Common-Mode Voltage
(Per Input)
7.0
6.5
6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 65
COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 11. Supply Current vs. Common-Mode Voltage
1V/DIV, CF = 20pF
1V/DIV, C
06639-011
= 100pF
F
TIME (2µs/DIV)
OUTPUT
06639-015
Figure 13. Rise Time
200mV/DIV
INPUT
2V/DIV, C
= 20pF
F
OUTPUT
06639-012
TIME (1µs/DIV)
06639-016
Figure 14. Differential Overload Recovery (Falling)
100mV/DIV
1V/DIV, CF = 20pF
1V/DIV, C
= 100pF
F
INPUT
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
TIME (2µs/DIV)
Figure 12. Fall Time
06639-014
Rev. 0 | Page 7 of 16
INPUT
200mV/DIV
OUTPUT
= 20pF
2V/DIV, C
F
TIME (1µs/DIV)
Figure 15. Differential Overload Recovery (Rising)
06639-017
AD8213
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12
2V/DIV
0.01/DIV
TIME (5µs/DIV)
Figure 16. Settling Time (Falling)
2V/DIV
0.01/DIV
TIME (5µs/DIV)
Figure 17. Settling Time (Rising)
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
MAXIMUM OUT PUT SINK CURRENT ( mA)
1
0
–40 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
TEMPERATURE (° C)
Figure 18. Output Sink Current vs. Temperature
(Per Chan
nel)
06639-105
06639-106
06639-020
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
MAXIMUM OUT PUT SOURCE CURRENT (mA)
0
–40 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
TEMPERATURE (° C)
Figure 19. Output Source Current vs. Temperature
(Per Chan
5.0
4.9
4.8
4.7
4.6
4.5
4.4
4.3
4.2
4.1
4.0
3.9
OUTPUT VO LTAGE RANG E (V)
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.5
077.06.56.05.55.04.54.03.53.02.52.01.51.00.5
OUTPUT SO URCE CURRENT (mA)
nel)
Figure 20. Output Voltage Range vs. Output Source Current
(Per Chan
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
OUTPUT VO LTAGE RANG E FROM GND (V)
0
01987654321
OUTPUT SI NK CURRENT (mA)
Figure 21. Output Voltage Range from
nel)
GND vs. Output Sink Current
(Per Channel)
06639-021
.5
06639-023
0
06639-024
Rev. 0 | Page 8 of 16
AD8213
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1000
800
2100
1800
1500
TEMP = –40°C
TEMP = +25°C
TEMP = +125°C
600
COUNT
400
200
0
–15 151050–5–10
1400
1200
1000
800
COUNT
600
400
200
0
VOS (µV/°C)
Figure 22. Offset Drift Distribution (μV/°C)
(Temp
erature Range = −40°C to +125°C)
GAIN DRIFT (ppm/°C)
Figure 23. Gain Drift Distribution (ppm/°C)
(Temperature Range = −40°C to +125°C)
1200
COUNT
900
600
300
0
06639-006
VOS (mV)
2.0–2.0 –1.5 –1.0 –0.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5
06639-103
Figure 24. Offset Distribution (mV)
= 6 V)
(V
CM
0–3–6–9–12–15–18–21–24
06639-101
Rev. 0 | Page 9 of 16
AD8213
O
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THEORY OF OPERATION

In typical applications, the AD8213 amplifies a small differential input voltage generated by the load current flowing through a shunt resistor. The AD8213 rejects high common-mode voltages (up to 65 V) and provides a ground referenced, buffered output that interfaces with an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Figure 25 shows a simplified schematic of the AD8213.
The following explanation refers exclusively to Channel 1 of the AD8213,
however, the same explanation applies to Channel 2.
A load current flowing through the external shunt resistor p
roduces a voltage at the input terminals of the AD8213. The input terminals are connected to Amplifier A1 by Resistor R1 and Resistor R1 input impedance is held to (V negligible current flows through Resistor R1
. The inverting terminal, which has very high
(2)
CM
) – (I
SHUNT
× R
SHUNT
. Amplifier A1
(2)
), since
(1)
forces the noninverting input to the same potential. Therefore, the current that flows through Resistor R1
I
IN1
= (I
SHUNT1
× R
SHUNT1
)/R1
(1)
, is equal to
(1)
I
SHUNT2
R
SHUNT2
R2
(1)
R2
(2)
I
IN2IIN1
This current (I output buffer amplifier has a gain of 20 V/V, and offers excellent accuracy as the internal gain setting resistors are precision trimmed to within 0.01% matching. The resulting output voltage is equal to
V
OUT1
Prior to the buffer amplifier, a precision-trimmed 20 k re is available to perform low-pass filtering of the input signal prior to the amplification stage. This means that the noise of the input signal is not amplified, but rejected, resulting in a more precise output signal that will directly interface with a converter. A capacitor from the CF1 pin to GND, will result in a low-pass filter with a corner frequency of
f
3
dB
I
SHUNT1
R
SHUNT1
R1
(1)
) is converted back to a voltage via R
IN1
= (I
=
R1
× R
SHUNT1
1
()
C
200002
π
(2)
SHUNT1
FILTER
) × 20
OUT1
. The
sistor
UT2 = (I
SHUNT2
× R
SHUNT2
) × 20
PROPRIETARY
OFFSET
CIRCUITRY
G = +20
A2
R
OUT2
CF2
Figure 25. Simplifi
Q2
A1
Q1
20k20k
R
OUT1
ed Schematic
PROPRIETARY
OFFSET
CIRCUITRY
G = +20
AD8213
CF1GND
V+
OUT1 = (I
SHUNT1
× R
SHUNT1
) × 20
06639-028
Rev. 0 | Page 10 of 16
AD8213
V
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APPLICATION NOTES

OUTPUT LINEARITY

In all current sensing applications, and especially in automotive and industrial environments where the common-mode voltage can vary significantly, it is important that the current sensor maintain the specified output linearity, regardless of the input differential or common-mode voltage. The AD8213 contains specific circuitry on the input stage, which ensures that even when the differential input voltage is very small, and the common-mode voltage is also low (below the 5 V supply), the input to output linearity is maintained.
put differential voltage versus the corresponding output
in voltage at different common modes.
220
200
180
160
140
120
(mV)
100
OUT
V
V
@ VCM = 0V
OUT
80
60
40
20
0
012345678910
Figure 26. Gain Linearity Due to Differential and Common-Mode Voltage
IDEAL V
OUT
VIN DIFFERENTIAL (mV)
The AD8213 provides a correct output voltage, regardless of the common mode, when the input differential is at least 2 mV. This is due to the voltage range of the output amplifier that can go as low as 33 mV typical. The specified minimum output amplifier voltage is 100 mV in order to provide sufficient guardbands. The ability of the AD8213 to work with very small differential inputs regardless of the common-mode voltage, allows for more dynamic range, accuracy, and flexibility in any current sensing application.
Figure 26 displays the
V
@ VCM = 65V
OUT
06639-029

LOW-PASS FILTERING

In typical applications, such as motor and solenoid current sensing, filtering the differential input signal of the AD8213 could be beneficial in reducing differential common-mode noise as well as transients and current ripples flowing through the input shunt resistor. Typically, such a filter can be imple­mented by adding a resistor in series with each input and a capacitor directly between the input pins. However, the AD8213 features a filter pin available after the input stage, but before the final amplification stage. The user can connect a capacitor to ground, making a low-pass filter with the internal precision­trimmed 20 k resistor. This means the no gain or CMRR errors are introduced by adding resistors at the input of the AD8213.
The 3 dB frequency of this low-pass filter is calculated using the following formula:
It is recommended that in order to prevent output chatter due t
o noise potentially entering through the filter pin and coupling to the output, a capacitor is always placed from the filter pin to GND. This can be a ≈20 pF capacitor in cases when all of the bandwidth of the AD8213 is needed in the application.
Figure 27 shows the typical connection.
GND
I
SHUNT1
R
SHUNT1
R1
(1)
A1
20k20k
I
SHUNT2
R
SHUNT2
R2
(1)
PROPRIETARY
OFFSET
CIRCUIT RY
G = +20
CF2 CF1
CAP2 CAP1
=
f
3
dB
R2
(2)
A2
Figure 27. Filter Capacitor Connections
1
()
C
200002
π
FILTER
R1
(2)
PROPRIETARY
OFFSET
CIRCUITRY
G = +20
AD8213
+
6639-030
Rev. 0 | Page 11 of 16
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APPLICATIONS INFORMATION

HIGH-SIDE CURRENT SENSE WITH A LOW-SIDE SWITCH

In such load control configurations, the PWM controlled switch is ground referenced. An inductive load (solenoid) is tied to a power supply. A resistive shunt is placed between the switch and the load (see Figure 28). An advantage of placing the shunt on t
he high side is that the entire current, including the recircu­lation current, can be measured, because the shunt remains in the loop when the switch is off. In addition, diagnostics can be enhanced because shorts to ground can be detected with the shunt on the high side. In this circuit configuration, when the switch is closed, the common-mode voltage moves down to near the negative rail. When the switch is opened, the voltage reversal across the inductive load causes the common-mode voltage to be held one diode drop above the battery by the clamp diode.
INDUCTIVE
BATTERY
CLAMP DIODE
SWITCH
LOAD
SHUNT
1
2
3
4
5
AD8213
–IN2
+IN2
GND
OUT2
CF2
–IN1
+IN1
V+
OUT1
CF1
CAP1CAP2
Figure 28. Low-Side Switch

HIGH-SIDE CURRENT SENSING

In this configuration, the shunt resistor is referenced to the battery. High voltage will be present at the inputs of the current sense amplifier. In this mode, the recirculation current is again measured and shorts to ground can be detected. When the shunt is battery referenced the AD8213 produces a linear ground referenced analog output. An
o provide an overcurrent detection signal in as little as 100 ns.
t This feature will be useful in high current systems, where fast shutdown in overcurrent conditions is essential.
INDUCTIVE LOAD
10
9
8
7
6
CLAMP
DIODE
5V
SHUNT
BATTERY
SWITCH
AD8214 can also be used
OVERCURRENT
DETECTION ( <100ns)
8
–IN7NC6GND5OUT
AD8214
V
+IN3V
2
GND
AD8214
V
REG
3
–IN1 10
+IN1 9
V+ 8
OUT1
CF1
REG
+IN
CAP1
NC
4
8
7NC6
–IN
V
S
1
2
SHUNT
LOAD
5V
7
6
SWITCH
BATTERY
06639-032
S
1
OVERCURRENT
DETECTION (< 100ns)
5
OUT
NC
4
SHUNT
LOAD
BATTERY
SWITCH
CAP2
4
5
AD8213
–IN21
+IN22
GND3
OUT2
CF2
Figure 29. Battery Referenced Shunt Resistor

LOW-SIDE CURRENT SENSING

In systems where low-side current sensing is preferred, the
06639-031
AD8213 provides an integrated solution with great accuracy. Ground noise is rejected, CMRR is typical higher than 90 dB, and output linearity is not compromised, regardless of the input differential voltage.
BATTERY
INDUCTIVE
CLAMP DIODE
SWITCH
SHUNT
LOAD
1
2
3
4
5
AD8213
–IN2
+IN2
GND
OUT2
CF2
–IN1
+IN1
OUT1
CF1
10
9
V+
8
7
6
Figure 30. Ground Referenced Shunt Resistor
INDUCTIVE LOAD
CLAMP
DIODE
5V
SWITCH
SHUNT
BATTERY
06639-033
Rev. 0 | Page 12 of 16
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BIDIRECTIONAL CURRENT SENSING

The AD8213 can also be configured to sense current in both directions at the inputs. This configuration is useful in charge/ discharge applications. A typical connection diagram is shown in
Figure 31. In this mode Channel 1 monitors I
Channel 2 monitors I
BATTERY
CHARGE
I
CHARGE
I
LOAD
R
SHUNT
.
LOAD CHARGER
AD8213
1
–IN2
2
+IN2
3
GND
4
OUT2
5
CF2
CF2 CF1
–IN1
+IN1
OUT1
CF1
10
9
5V
8
V+
7
6
Figure 31. Bidirectional Current Sensing
For applications requiring a bidirectional current measurement, an optimal solution could be to use a single channel device, which offers the same functionality as the previous circuit. The
AD8210 is a single channel current sensor featuring bidirec-
ional capability. The typical connection diagram for the
t AD8210 in bidirectional applications is shown in
and
LOAD
Figure 32.
06639-034
BATTERY
I
CHARGE
I
LOAD
R
SHUNT
+IN –IN
LOAD CHARGER
V+
AD8210
0.1µF
1
OUTPUT
2
GND
V
G = +20
V
REF
REF
Figure 32. AD8210 in Bidirectional Applications
06639-035
Rev. 0 | Page 13 of 16
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OUTLINE DIMENSIONS

3.10
3.00
2.90
6
10
3.10
3.00
2.90
1
PIN 1
0.50 BSC
0.95
0.85
0.75
0.15
0.05
0.33
0.17
COPLANARITY
0.10
COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-187-BA
Figure 33. 10-Lead Mini Small Outline Package [MSOP]

ORDERING GUIDE

Model Temperature Range Package Description Package Option Branding
AD8213YRMZ AD8213YRMZ-RL AD8213YRMZ-RL7
1
Z = RoHS Compliant Part.
1
1
1
−40°C to +125°C 10-Lead MSOP RM-10 HOU
−40°C to +125°C 10-Lead MSOP, 13” Tape and Reel RM-10 HOU
−40°C to +125°C 10-Lead MSOP, 7” Tape and Reel RM-10 HOU
5.15
4.90
4.65
5
1.10 MAX
SEATING PLANE
0.23
0.08
8° 0°
(RM-10)
Dimensions shown in millimeters
0.80
0.60
0.40
Rev. 0 | Page 14 of 16
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NOTES
Rev. 0 | Page 15 of 16
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NOTES
©2007 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. D06639-0-5/07(0)
Rev. 0 | Page 16 of 16
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