Analog Devices AD604 User Manual

Dual, Ultralow Noise

–

Variable Gain Amplifier

FEATURES

Ultralow input noise at maximum gain

0.80 nV/√Hz, 3.0 pA/√Hz 2 independent linear-in-dB channels Absolute gain range per channel programmable

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0 dB to 48 dB (preamplifier gain = 14 dB) through 6 dB to

54 dB (preamplifier gain = 20 dB) ±1.0 dB gain accuracy Bandwidth: 40 MHz (−3 dB) Input resistance: 300 kΩ Variable gain scaling: 20 dB/V through 40 dB/V Stable gain with temperature and supply variations Single-ended unipolar gain control

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Power shutdown at lower end of gain control Drive ADCs directly

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APPLICATIONS

Ultrasound and sonar time-gain controls

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High performance AGC systems

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Signal measurement

PAIx

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GENERAL DESCRIPTION

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The AD604 is an ultralow noise, very accurate, dual-channel,

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linear-in-dB variable gain amplifier (VGA) optimized for timebased variable gain control in ultrasound applications; however, it supports any application requiring low noise, wide bandwidth, variable gain control. Each channel of the AD604 provides a 300 kΩ input resistance and unipolar gain control for ease of use. User-determined gain ranges, gain scaling (dB/V), and dc level shifting of output further optimize performance.

Each channel of the AD604 uses a high performance preamplifier that provides an input-referred noise voltage of

0.8 nV/√Hz. The very accurate linear-in-dB response of the AD604 is achieved with the differential input exponential amplifier (DSX-AMP) architecture. Each DSX-AMP comprises a variable attenuator of 0 dB to 48.36 dB followed by a high speed fixed-gain amplifier. The attenuator is a 7-stage R-1.5R ladder network. The attenuation between tap points is

6.908 dB and 48.36 dB for the ladder network. The equation for the linear-in-dB gain response is G (dB) =

(Gain Scaling (dB/V) × VGN (V)) + (Preamp Gain (dB) – 19 dB)

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Preamplifier gains between 5 and 10 (14 dB and 20 dB) provide overall gain ranges per channel of 0 dB through 48 dB and 6 dB through 54 dB. The two channels of the AD604 can be cascaded to provide greater levels of gain range by bypassing the preamplifier of the second channel. However, in multiple channel systems, cascading the AD604 with other devices in the AD60x VGA family that do not include a preamplifier may provide a more efficient solution. The AD604 provides access to the output of the preamplifier, allowing for external filtering between the preamplifier and the differential attenuator stage.

Note that scale factors up to 40 dB/V are achievable with reduced accuracy for scales above 30 dB/V. The gain scales linearly in decibels with control voltages of 0.4 V to 2.4 V with the 20 dB/V scale. Below and above this gain control range, the gain begins to deviate from the ideal linear-in-dB control law. The gain control region below 0.1 V is not used for gain control. When the gain control voltage is <50 mV, the amplifier channel is powered down to 1.9 mA.

The AD604 is available in 24-lead SSOP, SOIC, and PDIP packages and is guaranteed for operation over the −40°C to +85°C temperature range.

FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM

PAOx

PROGRAMMABLE

ULTRALOW NOISE

PREAMPLIFIER

G = 14dB TO 20dB

DSXx

DIFFERENTIAL ATTENUATOR

LADDER NETWORK

0dB TO –48.4dB

PRECISION PASSIVE INPUT AT TENUATOR

R-1.5R

Figure 1.

+DSXx

AD604

GNx

GAIN CONT ROL

AND SCALING

AFA

FIXED GAIN AMPLIFIER

34.4dB

VREF

OUTx

VOCM

00540-001

Rev. F

Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

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AD604

Features .............................................................................................. 1

Applications ....................................................................................... 1 

Functional Block Diagram .............................................................. 1

General Description ......................................................................... 1

Revision History ............................................................................... 2

Specifications ..................................................................................... 3

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Absolute Maximum Ratings ............................................................ 5

ESD Caution .................................................................................. 5

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Pin Configuration and Function Descriptions ............................. 6

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Typical Performance Characteristics ............................................. 7

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Theory of Operation ...................................................................... 13

Preamplifier ................................................................................. 14 

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Differential Ladder (Attenuator) .............................................. 15

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AC Coupling ............................................................................... 16

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Gain Control Interface ............................................................... 16

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Active Feedback Amplifier (Fixed-Gain Amp) ...................... 16

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REVISION HISTORY

4/10—Rev. E to Rev. F

Changes to Figure 55, DSX Input Connections Section, and

Differential DSX Inputs Section .............................................. 24

Changes to Figure 61, Deleted Table 6 ......................................... 27

Changes to Ordering Guide .......................................................... 29

10/08—Rev. D to Rev. E

Changes to Figure 1 .......................................................................... 1

Changes to Figure 37 ...................................................................... 13

Changes to Figure 41 ...................................................................... 15

Changes to Evaluation Board Model Name ................................ 24

Changes to Ordering Guide .......................................................... 29

1/08—Rev. C to Rev. D

Changes to AC Coupling Section ................................................. 16

Changes to Applications Information Section ............................ 18

Changes to An Ultralow Noise AGC Amplifier with 82 dB to

96 dB Gain Range Section ............................................................. 19

Changes to Figure 55 and Figure 56 ............................................. 24

Changes to Cascaded DSX Section and Outputs Section ......... 25

Changes to Figure 57 to Figure 60 ................................................ 26

Changes to Figure 61 and Table 6 ................................................. 27

Changes to Ordering Guide .......................................................... 29

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Applications Information .............................................................. 18

Ultralow Noise AGC Amplifier with 82 dB to 96 dB

Gain Range .................................................................................. 19

Ultralow Noise, Differential Input-Differential

Output VGA ................................................................................ 21

Medical Ultrasound TGC Driving the AD9050, a 10-Bit,

40 MSPS ADC............................................................................. 22

Evaluation Board ............................................................................ 24

Using the Preamplifier ............................................................... 24

DSX Input Connections ............................................................ 24

Preamplifier Gain ....................................................................... 25

Outputs ........................................................................................ 25

DC Operating Conditions ......................................................... 25

Evaluation Board Artwork and Schematic ............................. 26

Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 28

Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 29

3/07—Rev. B to Rev. C

Added Evaluation Board Section ................................................. 24

Added Evaluation Board Artwork and Schematics Section ..... 26

Changes to Ordering Guide .......................................................... 29

12/06—Rev. A to Rev. B

Changes to General Description .....................................................1

Changes to Figure 54 ...................................................................... 23

Changes to Ordering Guide .......................................................... 25

1/04—Rev. 0 to Rev. A

Changes to Specifications .................................................................2

Changes to Absolute Maximum Ratings ........................................3

Changes to Ordering Guide .............................................................3

Changes to Figure 1 Caption............................................................5

Changes to Figure 11 Caption .........................................................6

Changes to Figure 17 .........................................................................6

Changes to Figure 51 ...................................................................... 17

Updated Outline Dimensions ....................................................... 18

10/96—Revision 0: Initial Version



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Rev. F | Page 2 of 32

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AD604

SPECIFICATIONS

Each amplifier channel at TA = 25°C, VS = ±5 V, RS = 50 Ω, RL = 500 Ω, CL = 5 pF, V range (preamplifier gain = 14 dB), VOCM = 2.5 V, C1 and C2 = 0.1 µF (see Figure 37), unless otherwise noted.

Table 1.

Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit

INPUT CHARACTERISTICS

Preamplifier

Input Resistance 300 kΩ

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Input Capacitance 8.5 pF

Input Bias Current −27 mA

Peak Input Voltage Preamplifier gain = 14 dB ±400 mV

Preamplifier gain = 20 dB ±200 mV

Input Voltage Noise VGN = 2.9 V, RS = 0 Ω

Preamplifier gain = 14 dB 0.8 nV/√Hz

Preamplifier gain = 20 dB 0.73 nV/√Hz

Input Current Noise Independent of gain 3.0 pA/√Hz

Noise Figure RS = 50 Ω, f = 10 MHz, VGN = 2.9 V 2.3 dB

R DSX

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Input Resistance 175 Ω

Input Capacitance 3.0 pF

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Peak Input Voltage 2.5 ± 2 V

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Input Voltage Noise VGN = 2.9 V 1.8 nV/√Hz

Input Current Noise VGN = 2.9 V 2.7 pA/√Hz

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Noise Figure RS = 50 Ω, f = 10 MHz, VGN = 2.9 V 8.4 dB

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Common-Mode Rejection Ratio f = 1 MHz, VGN = 2.65 V −20 dB

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OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS

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−3 dB Bandwidth Constant with gain 40 MHz Slew Rate VGN = 1.5 V, output = 1 V step 170 V/μs

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Output Signal Range RL ≥ 500 Ω 2.5 ± 1.5 V Output Impedance f = 10 MHz 2 Ω Output Short-Circuit Current ±40 mA Harmonic Distortion VGN = 1 V, V

Two-Tone Intermodulation Distortion (IMD) VGN = 2.9 V, V

f = 10 MHz −71 dBc Third-Order Intercept

1 dB Compression Point f = 1 MHz, VGN = 2.9 V, output referred 15 dBm Channel-to-Channel Crosstalk

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HD2 f = 1 MHz −54 dBc

HD3 f = 1 MHz −67 dBc

HD2 f = 10 MHz −43 dBc

HD3 f = 10 MHz −48 dBc

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f = 1 MHz −74 dBc

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Group Delay Variation 1 MHz < f < 10 MHz, full gain range ±2 ns VOCM Input Resistance 45 kΩ

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= 200 Ω, f = 10 MHz, VGN = 2.9 V 1.1 dB

= 200 Ω, f = 10 MHz, VGN = 2.9 V 12 dB

= 1 V p-p

OUT

= 1 V p-p

OUT

f = 10 MHz, VGN = 2.65 V, V input referred

= 1 V p-p, f = 1 MHz,

OUT

Channel 1: VGN = 2.65 V, inputs shorted, Channel 2: VGN = 1.5 V (mid gain)

= 2.50 V (scaling = 20 dB/V), 0 dB to 48 dB gain

REF

= 1 V p-p,

OUT

−12.5 dBm

−30 dB

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Rev. F | Page 3 of 32

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AD604

Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit

ACCURACY

Absolute Gain Error

0 dB to 3 dB 0.25 V < VGN < 0.400 V −1.2 +0.75 +3 dB 3 dB to 43 dB 0.400 V < VGN < 2.400 V −1.0 ±0.3 +1.0 dB 43 dB to 48 dB 2.400 V < VGN < 2.65 V −3.5 −1.25 +1.2 dB

Gain Scaling Error 0.400 V < VGN < 2.400 V ±0.25 dB/V Output Offset Voltage VREF = 2.500 V, VOCM = 2.500 V −50 ±30 +50 mV Output Offset Variation VREF = 2.500 V, VOCM = 2.500 V 30 50 mV

GAIN CONTROL INTERFACE

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Gain Scaling Factor VREF = 2.5 V, 0.4 V < VGN < 2.4 V 19 20 21 dB/V VREF = 1.67 V 30 dB/V Gain Range Preamplifier gain = 14 dB 0 to 48 dB Preamplifier gain = 20 dB 6 to 54 dB Input Voltage (VGN) Range 20 dB/V, VREF = 2.5 V 0.1 to 2.9 V

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Input Bias Current −0.4 μA Input Resistance 2 MΩ

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Response Time 48 dB gain change 0.2 μs

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VREF Input Resistance 10 kΩ

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POWER SUPPLY

Specified Operating Range One complete channel ±5 V

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One DSX only 5 V

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Power Dissipation One complete channel 220 mW One DSX only 95 mW

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Quiescent Supply Current VPOS, one complete channel 32 36 mA

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VPOS, one DSX only 19 23 mA VNEG, one preamplifier only −15 −12 mA

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Powered Down VPOS, VGN < 50 mV, one channel 1.9 3.0 mA VNEG, VGN < 50 mV, one channel −150 μA Power-Up Response Time 48 dB gain change, V Power-Down Response Time 0.4 μs

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= 2 V p-p 0.6 μs

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OUT

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Rev. F | Page 4 of 32

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AD604

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

Table 2.

Parameter

Supply Voltage ±V

Pin 17 to Pin 20 (with Pin 16, Pin 22 = 0 V) ±6.5 V

Input Voltages

Pin 1, Pin 2, Pin 11, Pin 12

Pin 4, Pin 9 ±2 V

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Pin 5, Pin 8 VPOS, VNEG Pin 6, Pin 7, Pin 13, Pin 14, Pin 23, Pin 24 VPOS, 0 V

Internal Power Dissipation

PDIP (N) 2.2 W SOIC (RW) 1.7 W SSOP (RS) 1.1 W

Operating Temperature Range −40°C to +85°C Storage Temperature Range −65°C to +150°C

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Lead Temperature, Soldering 60 sec 300°C

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AD604AN 105°C/W

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AD604AR 73°C/W

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AD604ARS 112°C/W

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AD604AN 35°C/W

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AD604AR 38°C/W AD604ARS 34°C/W

Pin 1, Pin 2, Pin 11 to Pin 14, Pin 23, and Pin 24 are part of a single-supply

circuit. The part is likely to suffer damage if any of these pins are accidentally connected to VN.

When driven from an external low impedance source.

Using MIL-STD-883 test method G43-87 with a 1S (2-layer) test board.

1, 2

Rating

VPOS/2 ± 2 V continuous

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Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

ESD CAUTION

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Rev. F | Page 5 of 32

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AD604

–

PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS

DSX1 DSX1 2 PAO1 3

FBK1

PAI1 5 COM1 6 COM2

PAI2 8 VPOS17

FBK2 9 GND216

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PAO2 DSX2 11 VOCM14 DSX2 12 VGN213

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Table 3. Pin Function Descriptions

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Pin No. Mnemonic Description

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1 –DSX1 Channel 1 Negative Signal Input to DSX1.

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2 +DSX1 Channel 1 Positive Signal Input to DSX1. 3 PAO1 Channel 1 Preamplifier Output.

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4 FBK1 Channel 1 Preamplifier Feedback Pin.

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5 PAI1 Channel 1 Preamplifier Positive Input. 6 COM1 Channel 1 Signal Ground. When this pin is connected to positive supply, Preamplifier 1 shuts down.

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7 COM2 Channel 2 Signal Ground. When this pin is connected to positive supply, Preamplifier 2 shuts down. 8 PAI2 Channel 2 Preamplifier Positive Input. 9 FBK2 Channel 2 Preamplifier Feedback Pin. 10 PAO2 Channel 2 Preamplifier Output. 11 +DSX2 Channel 2 Positive Signal Input to DSX2. 12 –DSX2 Channel 2 Negative Signal Input to DSX2. 13 VGN2

14 VOCM Input to this pin defines the common mode of the output at OUT1 and OUT2. 15 OUT2 Channel 2 Signal Output. 16 GND2 Ground. 17 VPOS Positive Supply. 18 VNEG Negative Supply. 19 VNEG Negative Supply. 20 VPOS Positive Supply. 21 GND1 Ground. 22 OUT1 Channel 1 Signal Output. 23 VREF Input to this pin sets gain scaling for both channels to 2.5 V = 20 dB/V and 1.67 V = 30 dB/V. 24 VGN1

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Channel 2 Gain Control Input and Power-Down Pin. If this pin is grounded, the device is off; otherwise, positive voltage increases gain.

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Channel 1 Gain Control Input and Power-Down Pin. If this pin is grounded, the device is off; otherwise, positive

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voltage increases gain.

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AD604

TOP VIEW

(Not to Scale)

Figure 2. Pin Configuration

VGN1 VREF23 OUT122

GND1 VPOS20 VNEG19

VNEG

OUT2

00540-002

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Rev. F | Page 6 of 32

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AD604

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

Unless otherwise noted, G (preamplifier) = 14 dB, VREF = 2.5 V (20 dB/V scaling), f = 1 MHz, RL = 500 Ω, CL = 5 pF, TA = 25°C, and V

= ±5 V.

40.0

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GAIN (dB)

3 CURVES –40°C, +25°C, +85°C

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–10

0.1 0.5 0.9 1.3 1.7 2.1 2.5 2.9 VGN (V)

Figure 3. Gain vs. VGN for Three Temperatures

00540-003

37.5

35.0

32.5 ACTUAL

30.0

27.5

GAIN SCALING (dB/V)

25.0

22.5

20.0

1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50

THEORETICAL

Figure 6. Gain Scaling vs. VREF

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GAIN (dB)

G (PREAMP) = +20dB (+6dB TO +54dB)

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G (PREAMP) = +14dB (0dB TO +48dB)

DSX ONLY

(–14dB TO +34dB)

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

–0.5

GAIN ERROR (d B)

–1.0

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–10

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–20

0.1 0.5 0.9 1.3 1.7 2.1 2.5 2.9

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Figure 4. Gain vs. VGN for Different Preamplifier Gains

VGN (V)

00540-004

–1.5

–2.0

0.2 0.7 1.2 1.7 2.2 2.7

Figure 7. Gain Error vs. VGN

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VREF (V)

–40°C

+85°C

VGN (V)

00540-006

+25°C

00540-007

GAIN (dB)

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30dB/V

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VREF = 1.67V

ACTUAL

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20dB/V VREF = 2.5V

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–10

0.10.50.91.31.72.12.52.9

Figure 5. Gain vs. VGN for Different Gain Scalings

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VGN (V)

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00540-005

Rev. F | Page 7 of 32

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

–0.5

GAIN ERROR (d B)

–1.0

–1.5

–2.0

0.2 0.7 1.2 1.7 2.2 2.7

FREQ = 1MHz

FREQ = 10MHz

FREQ = 5MHz

VGN (V)

Figure 8. Gain Error vs. VGN at Different Frequencies

00540-008

AD604

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

–0.5

GAIN ERROR (d B)

–1.0

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–1.5

–2.0

0.2 0.7 1.2 1.7 2.2 2.7

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30dB/V

VREF = 1.67V

VGN (V)

20dB/V

VREF = 2.5V

00540-009

Figure 9. Gain Error vs. VGN for Two Gain Scaling Values

VGN = 2.5V

GAIN (dB)

–10

–20

–30

–40

–50

VGN = 1.5V

VGN = 0.5V

VGN = 0.1V

VGN = 0V

100k 1M 10M 100M

FREQUENCY (Hz)

Figure 12. AC Response for Various Values of VGN

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N=50 VGN1 = 1.0V VGN2 = 1.0V ΔG(dB) = G(CH1)– G(CH2)

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PERCENTAGE

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–1.0 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9

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Figure 10. Gain Match; VGN1 = VGN2 = 1.0 V

DELTA GAIN (dB)

00540-010

2.55 VOCM = 2.5V

2.54

2.53

2.52

2.51

(V)

2.50

OUT

2.49

2.48

2.47

2.46

2.45

0.2 0.7 1.2 1.7 2.2 2.7

+85°C

Figure 13. Output Offset vs. VGN for Three Temperatures

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VGN = 2.9V

00540-012

–40°C

+25°C

00540-013

VGN (V)

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N=50 VGN1 = 2.50V VGN2 = 2.50V ΔG(dB) = G(CH1) – G( CH2)

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PERCENTAGE

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–1.0 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9

Figure 11. Gain Match; VGN1 = VGN2 = 2.50 V

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DELTA GAIN (dB)

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00540-011

Rev. F | Page 8 of 32

210

190

170

Hz)

150

NOISE (n V/

130

110

0.10.50.91.31.72.12.52. VGN (V)

+85°C

+25°C

–40°C

Figure 14. Output Referred Noise vs. VGN for Three Temperatures

00540-014

AD604

1000

100

VGN = 2.9V

Hz)

NOISE (nV/ Hz)

NOISE (n V/

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0.1

0.1 0.5 0.9 1.3 1.7 2.1 2.5 2.9 VGN (V)

Figure 15. Input Referred Noise vs. VGN

00540-015

0.1 110100

Figure 18. Input Referred Noise vs. R

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900

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VGN = 2.9V

850

800

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750

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NOISE (pV / Hz)

700

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650

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600

–40 –20 0 20 40 60 80 90

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Figure 16. Input Referred Noise vs. Temperature

TEMPERATURE (°C)

00540-016

16 15 14 13 12 11 10

9 8 7 6

NOISE FI GURE (dB)

5 4 3 2 1

101

Figure 19. Noise Figure vs. R

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SOURCE

ALONE

(Ω)

SOURCE

VGN = 2.9V

00540-018

00540-019

10k100 1k

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770

VGN = 2.9V

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765

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760

755

NOISE (pV/ Hz)

750

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745

740

100k 1M 10M

Figure 17. Input Referred Noise vs. Frequency

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FREQUENCY (Hz)

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00540-017

Rev. F | Page 9 of 32

NOISE FIGURE (dB)

0 0.40.81.21.62.02.42.8

VGN (V)

Figure 20. Noise Figure vs. VGN

RS= 240Ω

00540-020

AD604

–

VO=1Vp-p VGN = 1V

–45

–50

–55

–60

HARMONIC DIST ORTION ( dBc)

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–65

–70

100k 1M 10M 100M

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HARMONIC DISTORTION (dBc)

Figure 21. Harmonic Distortion vs. Frequency

VO=1Vp-p

–35

–40

–45

–50

–55

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–60

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–65

–70

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–75

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–80

0.5 0.9 1.3 1.7 2.1 2.5 2.9

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HD2

HD3

00540-021

FREQUENCY (Hz)

HD2 (10MHz)

HD3 (10MHz)

HD2 (1MHz)

HD3 (1MHz)

00540-022

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Figure 22. Harmonic Distortion vs. VGN

VGN (V)

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

(dBm)

OUT

–80

–90

–100

–110

–120

9.96 9.98 10.00 10.02 10.04 FREQUENCY (MHz)

Figure 24. Intermodulation Distortion

INPUT SIGNAL

–5

LIMIT 800mV p-p

–10

–15

(dBm)

–20

–25

–30

–35

0.1 0.5 0.9 1.3 1.7 2.1 2.5 2.9

Figure 25. 1 dB Compression vs. VGN

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VGN (V)

1MHz

10MHz

VO=1Vp-p VGN = 1V

00540-024

00540-025

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DUT

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50Ω 500Ω

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HD2 (10MHz)

VO=1Vp-p VGN = 1V

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HD3 (10MHz)

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HD2 (1MHz)

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HD3 (1MHz)

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0 50 100 150 200 250

Figure 23. Harmonic Distortion vs. R

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(Ω)

SOURCE

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SOURCE

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00540-023

IP3 (dBm)

–5

–10

–15

0.4 0.9 1.4 1.9 2.4 2.9

=10MHz

VGN (V)

=1MHz

Figure 26. Third-Order Intercept vs. VGN

VO=1Vp-p

00540-026

HARMONIC DISTORTION (dBc)

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

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Rev. F | Page 10 of 32

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+ 22 hidden pages

Analog Devices AD604 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

FEATURES

APPLICATIONS

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM

TABLE OF CONTENTS

REVISION HISTORY

SPECIFICATIONS

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

ESD CAUTION

PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS