8-channel DAC in 52-lead LQFP and 56-lead LFCSP packages
Guaranteed monotonic to 16/14 bits
Nominal output voltage range of −10 V to +10 V
Multiple output voltage spans available
Thermal shutdown function
Channel monitoring multiplexer
GPIO function
System calibration function allowing user-programmable
offset and gain
Channel grouping and addressing features
Data error checking feature
SPI-compatible serial interface
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
8
TO
MUX 2s
n
X2A REGISTER
n
n
n
n
n
n
8
n
n
n
n
n
n
A/B
MUX
X2B REGISTER
·
·
·
n
TO
MUX 2s
n
·
·
·
n
·
·
·
A/B
MUX
A/B
MUX
·
·
·
A/B
MUX
X2A REG ISTER
X2B REG ISTER
X2A REGISTER
X2B REGISTER
X2A REGISTER
X2B REGISTER
·
·
·
·
·
·
TEMP_OUT
PEC
MON_IN0
MON_IN1
MON_OUT
GPIO
BIN/2S COMP
SYNC
SDI
SCLK
SDO
BUSY
RESET
CLR
DV
TEMP
SENSOR
CONTROL
REGISTER
VOUT0 TO
VOUT7
MUX
GPIO
REGISTER
SERIAL
INTERFACE
STATE
MACHINE
AD5362/
AD5363
CC
8
6
2
n
AGND DGNDLDAC
SS
n = 16 FOR AD5362
n = 14 FOR AD5363
8
A/B SELECT
REGI STER
n
X1 REGI STER
n
M REGI STER
n
C REG ISTER
·
·
·
n
X1 REGI STER
n
M REGISTER
n
C REG ISTER
8
A/B SELECT
REGI STER
n
X1 REGI STER
n
M REGI STER
n
C REG ISTER
·
·
·
n
X1 REGI STER
n
M REGI STER
n
C REG ISTER
Serial Input, Voltage Output DAC
AD5362/AD5363
2.5 V to 5.5 V digital interface
·
·
·
·
·
·
Figure 1.
Digital reset (
Clear function to user-defined SIGGNDx
Simultaneous update of DAC outputs
APPLICATIONS
Instrumentation
Industrial control systems
Level setting in automatic test equipment (ATE)
Variable optical attenuators (VOA)
Optical line cards
14
OFS0
REGI STER
nn
MUX
MUX
MUX
MUX
2
2
2
2
DAC 0
REGI STER
·
·
·
n
DAC 3
REGISTER
14
OFS1
REGISTER
nn
DAC 4
REGI STER
·
·
·
·
n
DAC 7
REGI STER
RESET
14
n
n
n
OFFSET
DAC 0
DAC 0
DAC 3
OFFSET
DAC 1
DAC 4
DAC 7
)
BUFFER
BUFFER
·
·
·
BUFFER
BUFFER
·
·
·
GROUP 0
OUTPUT B UFFER
AND POWER-
DOWN CONTROL
·
·
·
OUTPUT B UFFER
AND POWER-
DOWN CONTROL
GROUP 1
OUTPUT B UFFER
AND POWER-
DOWN CONTROL
·
·
·
OUTPUT B UFFER
AND POWER-
DOWN CONTROL
VREF0
VOUT0
VOUT1
VOUT2
VOUT3
SIGGND0
VREF1
VOUT4
VOUT5
VOUT6
VOUT7
SIGGND1
05762-001
Rev. A
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no
responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other
rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No
license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Changes to Ordering Guide .......................................................... 28
1/08—Revision 0: Initial Version
BUSY
and
LDAC
AD5362/AD5363
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The AD5362/AD5363 contain eight 16-/14-bit DACs in a single
52-lead LQFP package or 56-lead LFCSP package. The devices
provide buffered voltage outputs with a span of 4× the reference
voltage. The gain and offset of each DAC can be independently
trimmed to remove errors. For even greater flexibility, the device
is divided into two groups of four DACs, and the output range
of each group can be independently adjusted by an offset DAC.
The AD5362/AD5363 offer guaranteed operation over a wide
supply range with V
from −16.5 V to −4.5 V and VDD from 8 V
SS
to 16.5 V. The output amplifier headroom requirement is 1.4 V,
operating with a load current of 1 mA.
AD5370 16 4 × V
AD5371 14 4 × V
AD5372 16 4 × V
AD5373 14 4 × V
(20 V) 16 ±4
REF
(20 V) 16 ±1
REF
(20 V) 8 ±4
REF
(20 V) 8 ±1
REF
(12 V) 40 ±4
REF
(12 V) 40 ±1
REF
(12 V) 32 ±4
REF
(12 V) 32 ±1
REF
AD5378 14 ±8.75 V 32 ±3
AD5379 14 ±8.75 V 40 ±3
The AD5362/AD5363 have a high speed 4-wire serial interface
that is compatible with SPI, QSPI™, MICROWIRE™, and DSP
interface standards and can handle clock speeds of up to
50 MHz. All the outputs can be updated simultaneously by
taking the
LDAC
input low. Each channel has a programmable
gain and an offset adjust register.
Each DAC output is gained and buffered on chip with respect
to an external SIGGNDx input. The DAC outputs can also be
switched to SIGGNDx via the
CLR
pin.
Rev. A | Page 3 of 28
AD5362/AD5363
SPECIFICATIONS
DVCC = 2.5 V to 5.5 V; VDD = 9 V to 16.5 V; VSS = −16.5 V to −4.5 V; V
R
= open circuit; gain (M), offset (C), and DAC offset registers at default values; all specifications T
L
Table 2.
Parameter B Version1Unit Test Conditions/Comments
ACCURACY
Resolution 16 Bits AD5362
14 Bits AD5363
Integral Nonlinearity (INL) ±4 LSB max AD5362
±1 LSB max AD5363
Differential Nonlinearity (DNL) ±1 LSB max Guaranteed monotonic by design over temperature
Zero-Scale Error ±15 mV max Before calibration
Full-Scale Error ±20 mV max Before calibration
Gain Error 0.1 % FSR Before calibration
Zero-Scale Error
Full-Scale Error
2
2
1 LSB typ After calibration
1 LSB typ After calibration
Span Error of Offset DAC ±75 mV max See the Offset DACs section for details
VOUTx3 Temperature Coefficient 5 ppm FSR/°C typ Includes linearity, offset, and gain drift
DC Crosstalk
REFERENCE INPUTS (VREF0, VREF1)
2
180 μV max
2
VREFx Input Current ±10 μA max Per input; typically ±30 nA
VREFx Range
SIGGND0 AND SIGGND1 INPUTS
2
2/5 V min/V max ±2% for specified operation
2
DC Input Impedance 50 kΩ min Typically 55 kΩ
Input Range ±0.5 V min/V max
SIGGNDx Gain 0.995/1.005 min/max
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
2
Output Voltage Range VSS + 1.4 V min I
V
− 1.4 V max I
DD
Nominal Output Voltage Range −10 to +10 V
Short-Circuit Current 15 mA max VOUTx3 to DVCC, VDD, or VSS
Load Current ±1 mA max
Capacitive Load 2200 pF max
DC Output Impedance 0.5 Ω max
MONITOR PIN (MON_OUT)
2
Output Impedance
DAC Output at Positive Full Scale 1000 Ω typ
DAC Output at Negative Full Scale 500 Ω typ
Three-State Leakage Current 100 nA typ
Continuous Current Limit 2 mA max
DIGITAL INPUTS
Input High Voltage 1.7 V min DVCC = 2.5 V to 3.6 V
2.0 V min DV
Input Low Voltage 0.8 V max DVCC = 2.5 V to 5.5 V
Input Current ±1 μA max
±20 μA max
Input Capacitance
2
10 pF max
= 5 V; AGND = DGND = SIGGND0 = SIGGND1 = 0 V;
REF
MIN
to T
, unless otherwise noted.
MAX
Typically 20 μV; measured channel at midscale, full-scale
change on any other channel
= 1 mA
LOAD
= 1 mA
LOAD
= 3.6 V to 5.5 V
CC
, SYNC, SDI, and SCLK pins
RESET
, BIN/2SCOMP, and GPIO pins
CLR
Rev. A | Page 4 of 28
AD5362/AD5363
Parameter B Version1Unit Test Conditions/Comments
DIGITAL OUTPUTS (SDO, BUSY, GPIO, PEC)
Output Low Voltage 0.5 V max Sinking 200 μA
Output High Voltage (SDO) DVCC − 0.5 V min Sourcing 200 μA
High Impedance Leakage Current ±5 μA max SDO only
High Impedance Output Capacitance
TEMPERATURE SENSOR (TEMP_OUT)
2
Accuracy ±1 °C typ @ 25°C
±5 °C typ −40°C < T < +85°C
Output Voltage at 25°C 1.46 V typ
Output Voltage Scale Factor 4.4 mV/°C typ
Output Load Current 200 μA max Current source only
Power-On Time 10 ms typ To within ±5°C
POWER REQUIREMENTS
DVCC 2.5/5.5 V min/V max
VDD 8/16.5 V min/V max
VSS −16.5/−4.5 V min/V max
Power Supply Sensitivity
2
∆Full Scale/∆VDD −75 dB typ
∆Full Scale/∆VSS −75 dB typ
∆Full Scale/∆DVCC −90 dB typ
DICC 2 mA max DVCC = 5.5 V, VIH = DVCC, VIL = GND
IDD 8.5 mA max Outputs = 0 V and unloaded
ISS 8.5 mA max Outputs = 0 V and unloaded
Power-Down Mode Bit 0 in the control register is 1
DICC 5 μA typ
IDD 35 μA typ
ISS −35 μA typ
Power Dissipation
Power Dissipation Unloaded (P) 209 mW max VSS = −12 V, VDD = 12 V, DVCC = 2.5 V
Junction Temperature
1
Temperature range for B version: −40°C to +85°C. Typical specifications are at 25°C.
2
Guaranteed by design and characterization; not production tested.
3
VOUTx refers to any of VOUT0 to VOUT7.
4
θJA represents the package thermal impedance.
4
2
10 pF typ
130 °C max TJ = TA + P
TOTAL
× θJA
Rev. A | Page 5 of 28
AD5362/AD5363
AC CHARACTERISTICS
DVCC = 2.5 V; VDD = 15 V; VSS = −15 V; V
offset (C), and DAC offset registers at default values; all specifications T
Table 3.
Parameter B Version1Unit Test Conditions/Comments
DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE1
Output Voltage Settling Time 20 μs typ Full-scale change
30 μs max DAC latch contents alternately loaded with all 0s and all 1s
Slew Rate 1 V/μs typ
Digital-to-Analog Glitch Energy 5 nV-s typ
Glitch Impulse Peak Amplitude 10 mV max
Channel-to-Channel Isolation 100 dB typ VREF0, VREF1 = 2 V p-p, 1 kHz
DAC-to-DAC Crosstalk 10 nV-s typ
Digital Crosstalk 0.2 nV-s typ
Digital Feedthrough 0.02 nV-s typ Effect of input bus activity on DAC output under test
Output Noise Spectral Density @ 10 kHz 250 nV/√Hz typ VREF0 = VREF1 = 0 V
1
Guaranteed by design and characterization; not production tested.
20 ns min SCLK cycle time
t2 8 ns min SCLK high time
t3 8 ns min SCLK low time
t4 11 ns min
t
5
20 ns min
t6 10 ns min
t
7
5 ns min Data setup time
falling edge to SCLK falling edge setup time
SYNC
Minimum SYNC
th
SCLK falling edge to SYNC rising edge
24
high time
t8 5 ns min Data hold time
4
t
9
t
1/1.5 μs typ/μs max
10
42 ns max
rising edge to BUSY falling edge
SYNC
pulse width low (single-channel update); see Table 9
BUSY
t11 600 ns max Single-channel update cycle time
t12 20 ns min
t13 10 ns min
t14 3 μs max
t15 0 ns min
t16 3 μs max
rising edge to LDAC falling edge
SYNC
pulse width low
LDAC
rising edge to DAC output response time
BUSY
rising edge to LDAC falling edge
BUSY
falling edge to DAC output response time
LDAC
t17 20/30 μs typ/μs max DAC output settling time
t18 140 ns max
t19 30 ns min
t20 400 μs max
t21 270 ns min
5
t
22
25 ns max SCLK rising edge to SDO valid
t23 80 ns max
1
Guaranteed by design and characterization; not production tested.
2
All input signals are specified with tR = tF = 2 ns (10% to 90% of DVCC) and timed from a voltage level of 1.2 V.
3
See Figure 4 and Figure 5.
4
t9 is measured with the load circuit shown in Figure 2.
5
t22 is measured with the load circuit shown in Figure 3.
/RESET pulse activation time
CLR
pulse width low
RESET
time indicated by BUSY low
RESET
Minimum SYNC
rising edge to BUSY falling edge
RESET
high time in readback mode
TO
OUTPUT
PIN
Figure 2. Load Circuit for
DV
CC
R
2.2k
C
L
50pF
BUSY
L
Ω
V
OL
05762-002
Timing Diagram
Rev. A | Page 7 of 28
TO OUTPUT
PIN
50pF
C
200µAI
L
200µAI
OL
OH
Figure 3. Load Circuit for SDO Timing Diagram
VOH (MIN) – VOL (MAX)
2
05762-003
AD5362/AD5363
t
1
SCLK
SYNC
BUSY
LDAC
VOUTx
LDAC
VOUTx
SDI
1
1
2
2
1
2
t
3
t
4
t
5
t
7
t
8
DB23
24
t
2
t
6
DB0
t
9
t
1
t
11
t
10
12
t
13
24
t
17
t
14
t
15
t
13
t
17
t
16
CLR
VOUTx
RESET
VOUTx
BUSY
1
LDAC ACTIVE DURING BUSY.
2
LDAC ACTIVE AFTER BUSY.
t
18
t
19
t
18
t
20
t
23
05762-004
Figure 4. SPI Write Timing
Rev. A | Page 8 of 28
AD5362/AD5363
SCLK
SYNC
SDI
INPUT WORD SPECIFIES
REGISTER TO BE READ
SDO
t
22
DB0DB23DB23
LSB FRO M PREVIOUS W RITE
t
21
NOP CONDITI ON
DB0
DB23DB15
SELECTED REG ISTER DATA CLOCKED OUT
48
DB0
DB0
05762-005
Figure 5. SPI Read Timing
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE
V
MAX
ACTUAL
TRANSFER
FUNCTION
IDEAL
TRANSFER
FUNCTION
FULL-SCAL E
ERROR
+
ZERO-SCALE
ERROR
0
V
MIN
DAC CODE
ZERO-SCALE
ERROR
N
2
– 1
n = 16 FOR AD5362
n = 14 FOR AD5363
05762-006
Figure 6. DAC Transfer Function
Rev. A | Page 9 of 28
AD5362/AD5363
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. Transient currents of up to
60 mA do not cause SCR latch-up.
Table 5.
Parameter Rating
VDD to AGND −0.3 V to +17 V
VSS to AGND −17 V to +0.3 V
DVCC to DGND −0.3 V to +7 V
Digital Inputs to DGND −0.3 V to DVCC + 0.3 V
Digital Outputs to DGND −0.3 V to DVCC + 0.3 V
VREF0, VREF1 to AGND −0.3 V to +5.5 V
VOUT0 through VOUT7 to AGND VSS − 0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V
SIGGND0, SIGGND1 to AGND −1 V to +1 V
AGND to DGND −0.3 V to +0.3 V
V
MON_IN0, MON_IN1, MON_OUT
to AGND
Operating Temperature Range (TA)
Industrial (J Version) −40°C to +85°C
Storage Temperature Range −65°C to +150°C
Operating Junction Temperature
max)
(T
J
θJA Thermal Impedance
52-Lead LQFP 38°C/W
56-Lead LFCSP 25°C/W
Reflow Soldering
Peak Temperature 230°C
Time at Peak Temperature 10 sec to 40 sec
− 0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V
SS
130°C
Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings
may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress
rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any
other conditions above those indicated in the operational
section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute
maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect
device reliability.
Load DAC Logic Input (Active Low). See the BUSY and LDAC Functions section
LDAC
for more information.
2 56
Asynchronous Clear Input (Level Sensitive, Active Low). See the Clear Function
CLR
section for more information.
3 1
4 2
RESET
/2SCOMP Data Format Digital Input. Connecting this pin to DGND selects offset binary.
BIN
Digital Reset Input.
Setting this pin to 1 selects twos complement. This input has a weak pull-down.
5 3
Digital Input/Open-Drain Output. BUSY is open drain when it is an output. See
BUSY
the BUSY and LDAC Functions section for more information.
6 4 GPIO
Digital I/O Pin. This pin can be configured as an input or output that can be
read back or programmed high or low via the serial interface. When configured
as an input, this pin has a weak pull-down.
7 5 MON_OUT
Analog Multiplexer Output. Any DAC output, the MON_IN0 input, or the
MON_IN1 input can be routed to this output for monitoring.
8, 32 6, 34
MON_IN0,
Analog Multiplexer Inputs. Can be routed to MON_OUT.
MON_IN1
9, 10, 14, 20 to
27, 30, 39 to 42
7 to 11, 15, 16,
22 to 28, 31, 32,
NC No Connect.
41 to 44
11, 28 12, 29 VDD
Positive Analog Power Supply; 9 V to 16.5 V for specified performance. These
pins should be decoupled with 0.1 μF ceramic capacitors and 10 μF capacitors.
12, 29 13, 30 VSS
Negative Analog Power Supply; −16.5 V to −8 V for specified performance.
These pins should be decoupled with 0.1 μF ceramic capacitors and 10 μF
capacitors.
13 14 VREF1 Reference Input for DAC 4 to DAC 7. This reference voltage is referred to AGND.
34 to 37, 15 to 18 36 to 39, 17 to 20 VOUT0 to VOUT7
DAC Outputs. Buffered analog outputs for each of the eight DAC channels.
Each analog output is capable of driving an output load of 10 kΩ to ground.
Typical output impedance of these amplifiers is 0.5 Ω.
19 21 SIGGND1
Reference Ground for DAC 4 to DAC 7. VOUT4 to VOUT7 are referenced to this
voltage.
31 33 VREF0 Reference Input for DAC 0 to DAC 3. This reference voltage is referred to AGND.
D
C
K
C
N
C
I
L
N
G
V
D
C
Y
NC
NC
D
S
S
S
D
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
4
4
2
3
2
2
C
C
N
N
4
4
4
4
4
42
NC
NC
41
SIGGND0
40
VOUT3
39
VOUT2
38
VOUT1
37
VOUT0
36
TEMP_OUT
35
MON_IN1
34
VREF0
33
NC
32
NC
31
V
30
SS
V
29
DD
7
8
6
5
4
2
2
2
2
2
C
C
C
C
C
N
N
N
N
N
05762-025
Rev. A | Page 11 of 28
AD5362/AD5363
Pin No.
LQFP LFCSP
33 35 TEMP_OUT
38 40 SIGGND0
43, 51 45, 53 DGND
44, 50 46, 52 DVCC
45 47
46 48 SCLK
47 49 SDI
48 50
49 51 SDO
52 54 AGND
Exposed Paddle EP Exposed Paddle. Connect to VSS.
Mnemonic Description
Provides an output voltage proportional to the chip temperature, typically
1.46 V at 25°C with an output variation of 4.4 mV/°C.
Reference Ground for DAC 0 to DAC 3. VOUT0 to VOUT3 are referenced to this
voltage.
Ground for All Digital Circuitry. Both DGND pins should be connected to the
DGND plane.
Logic Power Supply; 2.5 V to 5.5 V. These pins should be decoupled with 0.1 μF
ceramic capacitors and 10 μF capacitors.
Active Low or SYNC Input for SPI Interface. This is the frame synchronization
SYNC
signal for the SPI serial interface. See , , and the
Figure 4 Figure 5Serial Interface
section for more details.
Serial Clock Input for SPI Interface. See Figure 4, Figure 5, and the Serial Interface
section for more details.
Serial Data Input for SPI Interface. See Figure 4, Figure 5, and the Serial Interface
section for more details.
PEC
Packet Error Check Output. This is an open-drain output with a 50 kΩ pull-up
that goes low if the packet error check fails.
Serial Data Output for SPI Interface. See Figure 4, Figure 5, and the Serial
Interface section for more details.
Ground for All Analog Circuitry. The AGND pin should be connected to the
AGND plane.
Rev. A | Page 12 of 28
AD5362/AD5363
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
2
1
0
INL (LSB)
–1
–2
065535
1.0
0.5
0
INL ERROR (LSB)
–0.5
16384327684 9152
DAC CODE
VDD = +15V
= –15V
V
SS
DV
= +5V
CC
= +3V
V
REF
05762-008
0.0050
0.0025
0
AMPLITUDE ( V)
–0.0025
–0.0050
05
1234
TIME (µs)
TA = 25°C
= –15V
V
SS
= +15V
V
DD
V
= +4.096V
REF
05762-011
Figure 12. Digital Crosstalk Figure 9. Typical AD5362 INL Plot
1.0
0.5
0
DNL (LSB)
–0.5
–1.0
08
0
TA = 25°C
V
SS
V
DD
V
REF
–0.01
AMPLITUDE ( V)
–0.02
024681
204060
TEMPERATURE ( °C)
= –15V
= +15V
= +4.096V
TIME (µs)
Figure 11. Analog Crosstalk Due to
LDAC
0
05762-009
0
05762-010
–1.0
065535
600
500
400
300
200
OUTPUT NOI SE (nV/ √Hz)
100
0
05
163843276849152
DAC CODE
Figure 13. Typical AD5362 DNL Plot Figure 10. Typical INL Error vs. Temperature
1234
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 14. Output Noise Spectral Density
05762-012
05762-013
Rev. A | Page 13 of 28
AD5362/AD5363
0.50
VSS = –12V
= +12V
V
DD
= +3V
V
REF
0.45
0.40
(mA)
CC
DI
0.35
0.30
DVCC = +5.5V
DV
= +2.5V
CC
DV
CC
= +3.6V
14
12
10
8
6
NUMBER OF UNITS
4
2
DV
T
A
= 5V
CC
= 25°C
0.25
6.5
6.0
(mA)
5.5
SS
/I
DD
I
5.0
4.5
14
12
10
–200206040
–4080
TEMPERATURE (° C)
Figure 15. DI
VSS= –12V
VDD = +12V
= +3V
V
REF
–4080
–200206040
Figure 16. I
vs. Temperature
CC
I
DD
I
SS
TEMPERATURE ( °C)
vs. Temperature
DD/ISS
V
V
T
= –15V
SS
= +15V
DD
= 25°C
A
0
0.300.350. 40
05762-014
DICC (mA)
Figure 18. Typical DI
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
VOLTAGE (V)
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
–40–25–10520355 06580
05762-015
TEMPERATURE ( °C)
0.450.50
Distribution
CC
05762-017
05762-018
Figure 19. TEMP_OUT Voltage vs. Temperature
1.0
FULL-SCALE
0.5
MIDSCALE
8
6
NUMBER OF UNITS
4
2
0
5.86.06.2
Figure 17. Typical I
IDD (mA)
DD
6.46.6
Distribution
05762-016
ZERO-SCALE
0
VOUTx – MON_O UT (V)
–0.5
–1.0
–1.0–1.0
–0.500.5
MON_OUT CURRENT (mA)
Figure 20. VOUTx MON_OUT Error vs. MON_OUT Current
05762-019
Rev. A | Page 14 of 28
AD5362/AD5363
TERMINOLOGY
Integral Nonlinearity (INL)
Integral nonlinearity, or endpoint linearity, is a measure of
the maximum deviation from a straight line passing through
the endpoints of the DAC transfer function. It is measured
after adjusting for zero-scale error and full-scale error and is
expressed in least significant bits (LSB).
Differential Nonlinearity (DNL)
Differential nonlinearity is the difference between the measured
change and the ideal 1 LSB change between any two adjacent
codes. A specified differential nonlinearity of 1 LSB maximum
ensures monotonicity.
Zero-Scale Error
Zero-scale error is the error in the DAC output voltage when
all 0s are loaded into the DAC register. Zero-scale error is a
measure of the difference between VOUT (actual) and VOUT
(ideal), expressed in millivolts, when the channel is at its minimum value. Zero-scale error is mainly due to offsets in the
output amplifier.
Full-Scale Error
Full-scale error is the error in the DAC output voltage when
all 1s are loaded into the DAC register. Full-scale error is a
measure of the difference between VOUT (actual) and VOUT
(ideal), expressed in millivolts, when the channel is at its maximum value. Full-scale error does not include zero-scale error.
Gain Error
Gain error is the difference between full-scale error and
zero-scale error. It is expressed as a percentage of the fullscale range (FSR).
Gain Error = Full-Scale Error − Zero-Scale Error
VOUT Temperature Coefficient
The VOUT temperature coefficient includes output error
contributions from linearity, offset, and gain drift.
DC Output Impedance
DC output impedance is the effective output source resistance.
It is dominated by package lead resistance.
DC Crosstalk
The DAC outputs are buffered by op amps that share common
V
and VSS power supplies. If the dc load current changes in
DD
one channel (due to an update), this change can result in a
further dc change in one or more channel outputs. This effect is
more significant at high load currents and is reduced as the load
currents are reduced. With high impedance loads, the effect is
virtually immeasurable. Multiple V
provided to minimize dc crosstalk.
and VSS terminals are
DD
Output Voltage Settling Time
Output voltage settling time is the amount of time it takes for
the output of a DAC to settle to a specified level for a full-scale
input change.
Digital-to-Analog Glitch Energy
Digital-to-analog glitch energy is the amount of energy that is
injected into the analog output at the major code transition. It is
specified as the area of the glitch in nV-s. It is measured by
toggling the DAC register data between 0x7FFF and 0x8000
(AD5362) or 0x1FFF and 0x2000 (AD5363).
Channel-to-Channel Isolation
Channel-to-channel isolation refers to the proportion of input
signal from one DAC reference input that appears at the output
of another DAC operating from another reference. It is
expressed in decibels and measured at midscale.
DAC-to-DAC Crosstalk
DAC-to-DAC crosstalk is the glitch impulse that appears at
the output of one converter due to both the digital change
and subsequent analog output change at another converter.
It is specified in nV-s.
Digital Crosstalk
Digital crosstalk is defined as the glitch impulse transferred to
the output of one converter due to a change in the DAC register
code of another converter. It is specified in nV-s.
Digital Feedthrough
When the device is not selected, high frequency logic activity
on the digital inputs of the device can be capacitively coupled
both across and through the device to appear as noise on the
VOUT pins. It can also be coupled along the supply and ground
lines. This noise is digital feedthrough.
Output Noise Spectral Density
Output noise spectral density is a measure of internally
generated random noise. Random noise is characterized as a
spectral density (voltage per √Hz). It is measured by loading
all DACs to midscale and measuring noise at the output. It is
measured in nV/√Hz.
Rev. A | Page 15 of 28
AD5362/AD5363
THEORY OF OPERATION
DAC ARCHITECTURE
The AD5362/AD5363 contain eight DAC channels and eight
output amplifiers in a single package. The architecture of a
single DAC channel consists of a 16-bit (AD5362) or 14-bit
(AD5363) resistor-string DAC followed by an output buffer
amplifier. The resistor-string section is simply a string of resistors,
of equal value, from VREF0 or VREF1 to AGND. This type of
architecture guarantees DAC monotonicity. The 16-bit (AD5362)
or 14-bit (AD5363) binary digital code loaded to the DAC
register determines at which node on the string the voltage is
Table 7. AD5362/AD5363 Registers
Register Name Word Length in Bits Description
X1A (Group) (Channel) 16 (14) Input Data Register A, one for each DAC channel.
X1B (Group) (Channel) 16 (14) Input Data Register B, one for each DAC channel.
M (Group) (Channel) 16 (14) Gain trim registers, one for each DAC channel.
C (Group) (Channel) 16 (14) Offset trim registers, one for each DAC channel.
X2A (Group) (Channel) 16 (14)
X2B (Group) (Channel) 16 (14)
DAC (Group) (Channel)
OFS0 14 Offset DAC 0 data register: sets offset for Group 0.
OFS1 14 Offset DAC 1 data register: sets offset for Group 1.
Control 5
Monitor 6
GPIO 2
A/B Select 0 8
A/B Select 1 8
Output Data Register A, one for each DAC channel. These registers store the final,
calibrated DAC data after gain and offset trimming. They are not readable or directly
writable.
Output Data Register B, one for each DAC channel. These registers store the final,
calibrated DAC data after gain and offset trimming. They are not readable or directly
writable.
Data registers from which the DACs take their final input data. The DAC registers are
updated from the X2A or X2B registers. They are not readable or directly writable.
Bit 4 = overtemperature indicator.
Bit 3 = PEC error flag.
Bit 2 = A
Bit 1 = thermal shutdown.
Bit 0 = software power-down.
Bit 5 = monitor enable.
Bit 4 = monitor DACs or monitor MON_INx pin.
Bit 3 to Bit 0 = monitor selection control.
Bit 1 = GPIO configuration.
Bit 0 = GPIO data.
Bits [3:0] in this register determine whether a DAC in Group 0 takes its data from
Register X2A or Register X2B (0 = X2A, 1 = X2B).
Bits [3:0] in this register determine whether a DAC in Group 1 takes its data from
Register X2A or Register X2B (0 = X2A, 1 = X2B).
/B select.
tapped off before being fed into the output amplifier. The output
amplifier multiplies the DAC output voltage by 4. The nominal
output span is 12 V with a 3 V reference and 20 V with a 5 V
reference.
CHANNEL GROUPS
The eight DAC channels of the AD5362/AD5363 are arranged
into two groups of four channels. The four DACs of Group 0
derive their reference voltage from VREF0. The four DACs of
Group 1 derive their reference voltage from VREF1. Each group
has its own signal ground pin.
Register Name AD5362 Default Value AD5363 Default Value
X1A, X1B 0x8000 0x2000
M 0xFFFF 0x3FFF
C 0x8000 0x2000
OFS0, OFS1 0x2000 0x2000
Control 0x00 0x00
A/B Select 0 and A/B Select 1 0x00 0x00
Rev. A | Page 16 of 28
AD5362/AD5363
A/B REGISTERS AND GAIN/OFFSET ADJUSTMENT
Each DAC channel has seven data registers. The actual DAC
data-word can be written to either the X1A or X1B input
register, depending on the setting of the
register. If the
A
If the
A
/B bit is 0, data is written to the X1A register.
/B bit is 1, data is written to the X1B register. Note that
this single bit is a global control and affects every DAC channel
in the device. It is not possible to set up the device on a perchannel basis so that some writes are to X1A registers and some
writes are to X1B registers.
X1A
REGISTER
X1B
REGISTER
REGISTER
REGISTER
Figure 21. Data Registers Associated with Each DAC Channel
MUX
M
C
X2A
REGISTER
X2B
REGISTER
Each DAC channel also has a gain (M) register and an offset (C)
register, which allow trimming out of the gain and offset errors
of the entire signal chain. Data from the X1A register is operated
on by a digital multiplier and adder controlled by the contents of
the M and C registers. The calibrated DAC data is then stored in
the X2A register. Similarly, data from the X1B register is operated
on by the multiplier and adder and stored in the X2B register.
Although a multiplier and an adder symbol are shown in Figure 21
for each channel, there is only one multiplier and one adder in
the device, which are shared among all channels. This has implications for the update speed when several channels are updated
at once, as described in the Register Update Rates section.
Each time data is written to the X1A register, or to the M or C
register with the
A
/B control bit set to 0, the X2A data is recalculated and the X2A register is automatically updated. Similarly,
X2B is updated each time data is written to X1B, or to M or C
A
with
/B set to 1. The X2A and X2B registers are not readable
or directly writable by the user.
Data output from the X2A and X2B registers is routed to the
final DAC register by a multiplexer. A 4-bit A/B select register
associated with each group of four DACs controls whether each
individual DAC takes its data from the X2A or X2B register. If a
bit in this register is 0, the DAC takes its data from the X2A
register; if 1, the DAC takes its data from the X2B register.
Note that because there are eight bits in two registers, it is possible
to set up, on a per-channel basis, whether each DAC takes its
data from the X2A or X2B register. A global command is also
provided that sets all bits in the A/B select registers to 0 or to 1.
A
/B bit in the control
MUX
DAC
REGISTER
DAC
05762-020
All DACs in the AD5362/AD5363 can be updated simultaneously by taking
LDAC
low when each DAC register is updated
from either its X2A or X2B register, depending on the setting of
the A/B select registers. The DAC register is not readable or
directly writable by the user.
LDAC
can be permanently tied
low, and the DAC output is updated whenever new data appears
in the appropriate DAC register.
OFFSET DACS
In addition to the gain and offset trim for each DAC, there are
two 14-bit offset DACs, one for Group 0 and one for Group 1.
These allow the output range of all DACs connected to them to
be offset within a defined range. Thus, subject to the limitations
of headroom, it is possible to set the output range of Group 0 or
Group 1 to be unipolar positive, unipolar negative, or bipolar,
either symmetrical or asymmetrical about 0 V. The DACs in the
AD5362/AD5363 are factory trimmed with the offset DACs set
at their default values. This gives the best offset and gain performance for the default output range and span.
When the output range is adjusted by changing the value of the
offset DAC, an extra offset is introduced due to the gain error of
the offset DAC. The amount of offset is dependent on the magnitude of the reference and how much the offset DAC moves
from its default value. See the Specifications section for this
offset. The worst-case offset occurs when the offset DAC is at
positive or negative full scale. This value can be added to the
offset present in the main DAC channel to give an indication of
the overall offset for that channel. In most cases, the offset can
be removed by programming the C register of the channel with
an appropriate value. The extra offset caused by the offset DAC
needs to be taken into account only when the offset DAC is
changed from its default value. Figure 22 shows the allowable
code range that can be loaded to the offset DAC, depending on
the reference value used. Thus, for a 5 V reference, the offset
DAC should not be programmed with a value greater than 8192
(0x2000).
5
4
3
)
V
(
F
E
R
V
2
1
0
0409681921228816383
OFFSET DAC CODE
Figure 22. Offset DAC Code Range
RESERVED
05762-021
Rev. A | Page 17 of 28
AD5362/AD5363
OUTPUT AMPLIFIER
Because the output amplifiers can swing to 1.4 V below the
positive supply and 1.4 V above the negative supply, this limits
how much the output can be offset for a given reference voltage.
For example, it is not possible to have a unipolar output range
of 20 V, because the maximum supply voltage is ±16.5 V.
S1
OUTPUT
S2
CLR
R6
10kΩ
S3
SIGGNDx
CLR
SIGGNDx
DAC
CHANNEL
R5
60kΩ
R1
20kΩ
CLR
R4
R3
60kΩ
20kΩ
OFFSET
DAC
Figure 23. Output Amplifier and Offset DAC
R2
20kΩ
Figure 23 shows details of a DAC output amplifier and its connections to the offset DAC. On power-up, S1 is open, disconnecting
the amplifier from the output. S3 is closed, so the output is pulled
to SIGGNDx (R1 and R2 are greater than R6). S2 is also closed to
prevent the output amplifier from being open-loop. If
power-up, the output remains in this condition until
CLR
CLR
is low at
is taken
high. The DAC registers can be programmed, and the outputs
assume the programmed values when
CLR
is high at power-up, the output remains in this condition
until V
> 6 V and VSS < −4 V and the initialization sequence has
DD
CLR
is taken high. Even if
finished. The outputs then go to their power-on default value.
TRANSFER FUNCTION
The output voltage of a DAC in the AD5362/AD5363 is dependent on the value in the input register, the value of the M and C
registers, and the value in the offset DAC.
AD5362 Transfer Function
The input code is the value in the X1A or X1B register that is
applied to the DAC (X1A, X1B default code = 32,768).
16
– 1.
15
.
16
+ C − 215
DAC_CODE = INPUT_CODE × (M + 1)/2
where:
M = code in gain register − default code = 2
C = code in offset register − default code = 2
The DAC output voltage is calculated as follows:
VOUT = 4 × VREF × (DAC_CODE − (OFFSET_CODE ×
16
4))/2
+ V
SIGGND
where:
DAC_CODE should be within the range of 0 to 65,535.
For 12 V span, VREF = 3.0 V.
For 20 V span, VREF = 5.0 V.
OFFSET_CODE is the code loaded to the offset DAC. It is
multiplied by 4 in the transfer function because this DAC is a
14-bit device. On power-up, the default code loaded to the
05762-022
offset DAC is 8192 (0x2000). With a 5 V reference, this gives
a span of −10 V to +10 V.
AD5363 Transfer Function
The input code is the value in the X1A or X1B register that is
applied to the DAC (X1A, X1B default code = 8192).
DAC_CODE = INPUT_CODE × (M + 1)/2
14
+ C − 213
where:
M = code in gain register − default code = 2
C = code in offset register − default code = 2
14
13
– 1.
.
The DAC output voltage is calculated as follows:
VOUT = 4 × VREF × (DAC_CODE − OFFSET_CODE)/
14
+ V
2
SIGGND
where:
DAC_CODE should be within the range of 0 to 16,383.
For 12 V span, VREF = 3.0 V.
For 20 V span, VREF = 5.0 V.
OFFSET_CODE is the code loaded to the offset DAC. On powerup, the default code loaded to the offset DAC is 8192 (0x2000).
With a 5 V reference, this gives a span of −10 V to +10 V.
REFERENCE SELECTION
The AD5362/AD5363 have two reference input pins. The
voltage applied to the reference pins determines the output
voltage span on VOUT0 to VOUT7. VREF0 determines the
voltage span for VOUT0 to VOUT3 (Group 0), and VREF1
determines the voltage span for VOUT4 to VOUT7 (Group 1).
The reference voltage applied to each VREF pin can be different, if required, allowing each group of four channels to have a
different voltage span. The output voltage range and span can
be adjusted further by programming the offset and gain
registers for each channel as well as programming the offset
DAC. If the offset and gain features are not used (that is, the M
and C registers are left at their default values), the required
reference levels can be calculated as follows:
VREF = (VOUT
− VOUT
MAX
If the offset and gain features of the AD5362/AD5363 are used,
the required output range is slightly different. The selected
output range should take into account the system offset and
gain errors that need to be trimmed out. Therefore, the selected
output range should be larger than the actual, required range.
The required reference levels can be calculated as follows:
1. Identify the nominal output range on VOUT.
2. Identify the maximum offset span and the maximum gain
required on the full output signal range.
3. Calculate the new maximum output range on VOUT,
including the expected maximum offset and gain errors.
4. Choose the new required VOUT
ing the VOUT limits centered on the nominal values. Note
that V
and VSS must provide sufficient headroom.
DD
5. Calculate the value of VREF as follows:
VREF = (VOUT
− VOUT
MAX
MIN
MIN
)/4
and VOUT
MAX
)/4
MIN
, keep-
Rev. A | Page 18 of 28
AD5362/AD5363
Reference Selection Example
If
Nominal output range = 20 V (−10 V to +10 V)
Offset error = ±100 mV
Gain error = ±3%, and
SIGGND = AGND = 0 V
Then
Gain error = ±3%
=> Maximum positive gain error = 3%
=> Output range including gain error = 20 + 0.03(20) = 20.6 V
Offset error = ±100 mV
=> Maximum offset error span = 2(100 mV) = 0.2 V
=> Output range including gain error and offset error =
20.6 V + 0.2 V = 20.8 V
VREF calculation
Actual output range = 20.6 V, that is, −10.3 V to +10.3 V
(centered);
VREF = (10.3 V + 10.3 V)/4 = 5.15 V
If the solution yields an inconvenient reference level, the user
can adopt one of the following approaches:
•Use a resistor divider to divide down a convenient, higher
reference level to the required level.
•Select a convenient reference level above VREF and modify
the gain and offset registers to digitally downsize the reference.
In this way, the user can use almost any convenient reference
level but can reduce the performance by overcompaction of
the transfer function.
•Use a combination of these two approaches.
CALIBRATION
The user can perform a system calibration on the AD5362/
AD5363 to reduce gain and offset errors to below 1 LSB. This
reduction is achieved by calculating new values for the M and
C registers and reprogramming them.
The M and C registers should not be programmed until both
the zero-scale and full-scale errors are calculated.
Reducing Zero-Scale Error
Zero-scale error can be reduced as follows:
1. Set the output to the lowest possible value.
2. Measure the actual output voltage and compare it to the
required value. This gives the zero-scale error.
3. Calculate the number of LSBs equivalent to the error and
add this number to the default value of the C register. Note
that only negative zero-scale error can be reduced.
Reducing Full-Scale Error
Full-scale error can be reduced as follows:
1. Measure the zero-scale error.
2. Set the output to the highest possible value.
3. Measure the actual output voltage and compare it to the
required value. Add this error to the zero-scale error. This
is the span error, which includes the full-scale error.
4. Calculate the number of LSBs equivalent to the span error
and subtract this number from the default value of the M
register. Note that only positive full-scale error can be
reduced.
AD5362 Calibration Example
This example assumes that a −10 V to +10 V output is required.
The DAC output is set to −10 V but measured at −10.03 V. This
gives a zero-scale error of −30 mV.
1 LSB = 20 V/65,536 = 305.176 μV
30 mV = 98 LSBs
The full-scale error can now be calculated. The output is set to
10 V and a value of 10.02 V is measured. This gives a full-scale
error of +20 mV and a span error of +20 mV – (–30 mV) =
+50 mV.
50 mV = 164 LSBs
The errors can now be removed as follows:
1. Add 98 LSBs to the default C register value:
(32,768 + 98) = 32,866
2. Subtract 164 LSBs from the default M register value:
(65,535 − 164) = 65,371
3. Program the M register to 65,371; program the C register
to 32,866.
ADDITIONAL CALIBRATION
The techniques described in the previous section are usually
enough to reduce the zero-scale and full-scale errors in most
applications. However, there are limitations whereby the errors
may not be sufficiently reduced. For example, the offset (C)
register can only be used to reduce the offset caused by the
negative zero-scale error. A positive offset cannot be reduced.
Likewise, if the maximum voltage is below the ideal value, that
is, a negative full-scale error, the gain (M) register cannot be
used to increase the gain to compensate for the error.
These limitations can be overcome by increasing the reference
value. With a 2.5 V reference, a 10 V span is achieved. The ideal
voltage range, for the AD5362 or the AD5363, is −5 V to +5 V.
Using a +2.6 V reference increases the range to −5.2 V to +5.2
Clearly, in this case, the offset and gain errors are insignificant,
and the M and C registers can be used to raise the negative
voltage to −5 V and then reduce the maximum voltage to +5 V
to give the most accurate values possible.
V.
Rev. A | Page 19 of 28
AD5362/AD5363
RESET FUNCTION
The reset function is initiated by the
RESET
edge of
, the AD5362/AD5363 state machine initiates a
reset sequence to reset the X, M, and C registers to their default
values. This sequence typically takes 300 μs, and the user should
not write to the part during this time. On power-up, it is recommended that the user bring
RESET
properly initialize the registers.
When the reset sequence is complete (and provided that
high), the DAC output is at a potential specified by the default
register settings, which is equivalent to SIGGNDx. The DAC
outputs remain at SIGGNDx until the X, M, or C register is
updated and
LDAC
is taken low. The AD5362/AD5363 can be
returned to the default state by pulsing
30 ns. Note that, because the reset function is triggered by the
rising edge, bringing
RESET
low has no effect on the operation
of the AD5362/AD5363.
RESET
pin. On the rising
high as soon as possible to
CLR
RESET
low for at least
is
CLEAR FUNCTION
CLR
is an active low input that should be high for normal
operation. The
resistor. When
CLR
pin has an internal 500 kΩ pull-down
CLR
is low, the input to each of the DAC output
buffer stages (VOUT0 to VOUT7) is switched to the externally
set potential on the relevant SIGGNDx pin. While
all
LDAC
pulses are ignored. When
CLR
is taken high again,
CLR
is low,
the DAC outputs return to their previous values. The contents
of the input registers and DAC Register 0 to DAC Register 7 are
not affected by taking
on the outputs,
CLR
low. To prevent glitches appearing
CLR
should be brought low whenever the
output span is adjusted by writing to the offset DAC.
BUSY AND LDAC FUNCTIONS
The value of an X2 (A or B) register is calculated each time the
user writes new data to the corresponding X1, C, or M registers.
During the calculation of X2, the
BUSY
is low, the user can continue writing new data to the X1,
M, or C registers (see the section for
Register Update Rates
more details), but no DAC output updates can take place.
BUSY
The
pin is bidirectional and has a 50 kΩ internal pull-up
resistor. When multiple AD5362 or AD5363 devices are used in
one system, the
BUSY
pins can be tied together. This is useful
when it is required that no DAC in any device be updated until
all other DACs are ready. When each device has finished updating the X2 (A or B) registers, it releases the
another device has not finished updating its X2 registers, it
BUSY
holds
low, thus delaying the effect of
BUSY
output goes low. While
BUSY
LDAC
pin. If
going low.
The DAC outputs are updated by taking the
LDAC
goes low while
BUSY
is active, the
and the DAC outputs are updated immediately after
high. A user can also hold the
LDAC
this case, the DAC outputs update immediately after
high. Whenever the A/B select registers are written to,
also goes low, for approximately 600 ns.
The AD5362/AD5363 have flexible addressing that allows
writing of data to a single channel, all channels in a group, or
all channels in the device. This means that one, two, four, or
eight DAC register values may need to be calculated and
updated. Because there is only one multiplier shared between
eight channels, this task must be done sequentially, so the
length of the
BUSY
pulse varies according to the number of
channels being updated.
BUSY
Table 9.
Action
Loading input, C, or M to 1 channel2 1.5 μs maximum
Loading input, C, or M to 2 channels 2.1 μs maximum
Loading input, C, or M to 8 channels 5.7 μs maximum
1
BUSY
pulse width = ((number of channels + 1) × 600 ns) + 300 ns.
2
A single channel update is typically 1 μs.
Pulse Widths
The AD5362/AD5363 contain an extra feature whereby a DAC
register is not updated unless its X2A or X2B register has been
written to since the last time
LDAC
when
is brought low, the DAC registers are filled with
LDAC
was brought low. Normally,
the contents of the X2A or X2B registers, depending on the
setting of the A/B select registers. However, the AD5362/
AD5363 update the DAC register only if the X2A or X2B data
has changed, thereby removing unnecessary digital crosstalk.
BIN/2SCOMP PIN
BIN
The
/2SCOMP pin determines if the output data is presented
as offset binary or twos complement. If this pin is low, the data
is straight binary. If it is high, the data is twos complement. This
affects only the X, C, and offset DAC registers; the M register and
the control and command data are interpreted as straight binary.
TEMPERATURE SENSOR
The on-chip temperature sensor provides a voltage output
at the TEMP_OUT pin that is linearly proportional to the
Centigrade temperature scale. The typical accuracy of the
temperature sensor is +1°C at +25°C and ±5°C over the −40°C
to +85°C range. Its nominal output voltage is 1.46 V at 25°C,
varying at 4.4 mV/°C. Its low output impedance, low selfheating, and linear output simplify interfacing to temperature
control circuitry and analog-to-digital converters.
LDAC
input low. If
LDAC
event is stored
BUSY
goes
input permanently low. In
BUSY
goes
BUSY
Pulse Width1
BUSY
Rev. A | Page 20 of 28
AD5362/AD5363
MONITOR FUNCTION
The AD5362/AD5363 contain a channel monitor function
that consists of an analog multiplexer addressed via the serial
interface, allowing any channel output to be routed to the
MON_OUT pin for monitoring using an external ADC. In
addition, two monitor inputs, MON_IN0 and MON_IN1,
are provided, which can also be routed to MON_OUT. The
monitor function is controlled by the monitor register, which
allows the monitor output to be enabled or disabled, and selects
a DAC channel or one of the monitor pins. When disabled, the
monitor output is high impedance so that several monitor
outputs can be connected in parallel with only one enabled at
a time. Table 1 0 shows the monitor register settings.
The multiplexer is implemented as a series of analog switches.
Because this could conceivably cause a large amount of current
to flow from the input of the multiplexer (VOUTx or MON_INx)
to the output of the multiplexer (MON_OUT), care should be
taken to ensure that whatever is connected to the MON_OUT
pin is of high enough impedance to prevent the continuous
current limit specification from being exceeded. Because the
MON_OUT pin is not buffered, the amount of current drawn
from this pin creates a voltage drop across the switches, which
in turn leads to an error in the voltage being monitored. Where
accuracy is important, it is recommended that the MON_OUT
pin be buffered. Figure 20 shows the typical error due to
MON_OUT current.
GPIO PIN
The AD5362/AD5363 have a general-purpose I/O pin, GPIO.
This pin can be configured as an input or an output and read
back or programmed (when configured as an output) via the
serial interface. Typical applications for this pin include monitoring the status of a logic signal, a limit switch, or controlling
an external multiplexer. The GPIO pin is configured by writing
to the GPIO register, which has the special function code of
001101 (see Table 15 and Tabl e 16).
When Bit F1 is set, the GPIO pin becomes an output and Bit F0
determines whether the pin is high or low. The GPIO pin can be
set as an input by writing 0 to both Bit F1 and Bit F0. The status
of the GPIO pin can be determined by initiating a read operation
using the appropriate bits in Table 17. The status of the pin is
indicated by the LSB of the register read.
POWER-DOWN MODE
The AD5362/AD5363 can be powered down by setting Bit 0 in
the control register to 1. This turns off the DACs, thus reducing
the current consumption. The DAC outputs are connected to
their respective SIGGNDx potentials. The power-down mode
does not change the contents of the registers, and the DACs
return to their previous voltage when the power-down bit is
cleared to 0.
THERMAL SHUTDOWN FUNCTION
The AD5362/AD5363 can be programmed to shut down the
DACs if the temperature on the die exceeds 130°C. Setting Bit 1
in the control register to 1 enables this function (see Tabl e 16 ).
If the die temperature exceeds 130°C, the AD5362/AD5363
enter a thermal shutdown mode, which is equivalent to setting
the power-down bit in the control register. To indicate that the
AD5362/AD5363 have entered thermal shutdown mode, Bit 4
of the control register is set to 1. The AD5362/AD5363 remain
in thermal shutdown mode, even if the die temperature falls,
until Bit 1 in the control register is cleared to 0.
TOGGLE MODE
The AD5362/AD5363 have two X2 registers per channel, X2A
and X2B, which can be used to switch the DAC output between
two levels with ease. This approach greatly reduces the overhead
required by a microprocessor, which would otherwise need to
write to each channel individually. When the user writes to the
X1A, X1B, M, or C register, the calculation engine takes a certain
amount of time to calculate the appropriate X2A or X2B value.
If an application, such as a data generator, requires that the DAC
output switch between two levels only, any method that reduces
the amount of calculation time necessary is advantageous. For
the data generator example, the user needs only to set the high
and low levels for each channel once by writing to the X1A and
X1B registers. The values of X2A and X2B are calculated and
stored in their respective registers. The calculation delay,
therefore, happens only during the setup phase, that is, when
programming the initial values. To toggle a DAC output between
the two levels, it is only required to write to the relevant A/B
select register to set the MUX2 register bit. Furthermore,
because there are four MUX2 control bits per register, it is
possible to update eight channels with just two writes. Tab le 1 8
shows the bits that correspond to each DAC output.
Rev. A | Page 21 of 28
AD5362/AD5363
SERIAL INTERFACE
The AD5362/AD5363 contain a high speed SPI operating at
clock frequencies up to 50 MHz (20 MHz for read operations).
To minimize both the power consumption of the device and
on-chip digital noise, the interface powers up fully only when
the device is being written to, that is, on the falling edge of
SYNC
. The serial interface is 2.5 V LVTTL-compatible when
operating from a 2.5 V to 3.6 V DV
four pins:
SYNC
(frame synchronization input), SDI (serial data
supply. It is controlled by
CC
input pin), SCLK (clocks data in and out of the device), and
SDO (serial data output pin for data readback).
SPI WRITE MODE
The AD5362/AD5363 allow writing of data via the serial interface to every register directly accessible to the serial interface,
that is, all registers except the X2A, X2B, and DAC registers.
The X2A and X2B registers are updated when writing to the
X1A, X1B, M, and C registers, and the DAC data registers are
updated by
is 24 bits long: 16 (AD5362) or 14 (AD5363) of these bits are
data bits; six bits are address bits; and two bits are mode bits
that determine what is done with the data. Two bits are reserved
on the AD5363.
The serial interface works with both a continuous and a burst
(gated) serial clock. Serial data applied to SDI is clocked into
the AD5362/AD5363 by clock pulses applied to SCLK. The first
falling edge of
clock edges must be applied to SCLK to clock in 24 bits of data
before
the 24th falling clock edge, the write operation is aborted.
If a continuous clock is used,
25th falling clock edge. This inhibits the clock within the AD5362/
AD5363. If more than 24 falling clock edges are applied before
SYNC
If an externally gated clock of exactly 24 pulses is used,
can be taken high any time after the 24th falling clock edge.
LDAC
. The serial word (see or )
SYNC
starts the write cycle. At least 24 falling
SYNC
is taken high again. If
SYNC
Table 1 1Table 12
SYNC
is taken high before
must be taken high before the
is taken high again, the input data becomes corrupted.
SYNC
The input register addressed is updated on the rising edge of
SYNC
. For another serial transfer to take place,
SYNC
must be
taken low again.
SPI READBACK MODE
The AD5362/AD5363 allow data readback via the serial
interface from every register directly accessible to the serial
interface, that is, all registers except the X2A, X2B, and DAC
data registers. To read back a register, it is first necessary to
tell the AD5362/AD5363 which register is to be read. This is
achieved by writing a word whose first two bits are the Special
Function Code 00 to the device. The remaining bits then
determine which register is to be read back.
If a readback command is written to a special function register,
data from the selected register is clocked out of the SDO pin
during the next SPI operation. The SDO pin is normally threestated but becomes driven as soon as a read command is issued.
The pin remains driven until the register data is clocked out.
See Figure 5 for the read timing diagram. Note that due to the
timing requirements of t
(25 ns), the maximum speed of the
22
SPI interface during a read operation should not exceed 20 MHz.
REGISTER UPDATE RATES
The value of the X2A register or the X2B register is calculated
each time the user writes new data to the corresponding X1, C,
or M register. The calculation is performed by a three-stage
process. The first two stages take approximately 600 ns each, and
the third stage takes approximately 300 ns. When the write to an
X1, C, or M register is complete, the calculation process begins.
If the write operation involves the update of a single DAC
channel, the user is free to write to another register, provided
that the write operation does not finish until the first-stage
calculation is complete, that is, 600 ns after the completion of
the first write operation. If a group of channels is being updated
by a single write operation, the first-stage calculation is repeated
for each channel, taking 600 ns per channel. In this case, the
user should not complete the next write operation until this time
has elapsed.
Bit I1 and Bit I0 are reserved for future use and should be 0 when writing the serial word. These bits read back as 0.
Rev. A | Page 22 of 28
1
AD5362/AD5363
PACKET ERROR CHECKING
To verify that data has been received correctly in noisy environments, the AD5362/AD5363 offer the option of error checking
based on an 8-bit (CRC-8) cyclic redundancy check. The device
controlling the AD5362/AD5363 should generate an 8-bit
checksum using the polynomial C(x) = x
added to the end of the data-word, and 32 data bits are sent to
the AD5362/AD5363 before taking
AD5363 see a 32-bit data frame, an error check is performed
SYNC
when
goes high. If the checksum is valid, the data is
written to the selected register. If the checksum is invalid, the
packet error check (
PEC
) output goes low and Bit 3 of the
control register is set. After reading the control register, Bit 3
is cleared automatically and
SYNC
SCLK
SDI
MSB
D23
UPDATE ON SYNC HIG H
24-BIT DATA T RANSFER—NO ERRO R CHECKING
PEC
24-BIT DATA
goes high again.
8
+ x2 + x1 + 1. This is
SYNC
high. If the AD5362/
LSB
D0
CHANNEL ADDRESSING AND SPECIAL MODES
If the mode bits are not 00, the data-word D15 to D0 (AD5362)
or D13 to D0 (AD5363) is written to the device. Address Bit A4
to Address Bit A0 determine which channels are written to, and
the mode bits determine to which register (X1A, X1B, C, or M)
the data is written, as shown in Table 13 and Tabl e 14. Data is to
be written to the X1A register when the
register is 0, or to the X1B register when the
The AD5362/AD5363 have very flexible addressing that allows
the writing of data to a single channel, all channels in a group,
or all channels in the device.
Table 14 shows which groups and which channels are addressed
for every combination of Address Bit A4 to Address Bit A0.
Table 13. Mode Bits
M1 M0 Action
1 1 Write to DAC data (X) register
1 0 Write to DAC offset (C) register
0 1
0 0
Write to DAC gain (M) register
Special function, used in combination with other
bits of the data-word
A
/B bit in the control
A
/B bit is 1.
UPDATE AFTER S YNC HIGH
SYNC
SCLK
SDI
PEC
MSB
D31
24-BIT DATA
24-BIT DATA T RANSFER WIT H ERROR CHECKING
Figure 24. SPI Write With and Without Error Checking
ONLY IF ERROR CHECK PASSED
LSB
D7D0
D8
8-BIT FCS
PEC GOES LOW IF
ERROR CHECK FAIL S
05762-026
Table 14. Group and Channel Addressing
Address Bit A2
to Address Bit A0
00 01 10 11
Address Bit A4 to Address Bit A3
000 All groups, all channels Group 0, Channel 0 Group 1, Channel 0 Unused
001 Group 0, all channels Group 0, Channel 1 Group 1, Channel 1 Unused
010 Group 1, all channels Group 0, Channel 2 Group 1, Channel 2
011 Unused Group 0, Channel 3 Group 1, Channel 3
100 Unused Unused Unused
101 Unused Unused Unused
110 Unused Unused Unused
Unused
Unused
Unused
Unused
Unused
111 Unused Unused Unused Unused
Rev. A | Page 23 of 28
AD5362/AD5363
SPECIAL FUNCTION MODE
If the mode bits are 00, the special function mode is selected, as shown in Table 15. Bit I21 to Bit I16 of the serial data-word select the
special function, and the remaining bits are data required for execution of the special function, for example, the channel address for data
readback. The codes for the special functions are shown in Table 1 6. Table 1 7 shows the addresses for data readback.
F2 = 1: Select Register X1B for input.
F2 = 0: Select Register X1A for input.
F1 = 1: Enable thermal shutdown mode.
F1 = 0: Disable thermal shutdown mode.
F0 = 1: Software power-down.
F0 = 0: Software power-up.
0 0 0 0 1 0 XX [F13:F0] Write data in F13 to F0 to OFS0 register.
0 0 0 0 1 1 XX [F13:F0] Write data in F13 to F0 to OFS1 register.
0 0 0 1 0 0 Reserved
0 0 0 1 0 1 See Table 17 Select register for readback.
0 0 0 1 1 0 XXXX XXXX XXXX [F3:F0] Write data in F3 to F0 to A/B Select Register 0.
0 0 0 1 1 1 XXXX XXXX XXXX [F3:F0] Write data in F3 to F0 to A/B Select Register 1.
0 0 1 0 0 0 Reserved
0 0 1 0 0 1 Reserved
0 0 1 0 1 0 Reserved
0 0 1 0 1 1 XXXX XXXX [F7:F0] Block write to A/B select registers.
F7 to F0 = 0: Write all 0s (all channels use X2A register).
F7 to F0 = 1: Write all 1s (all channels use X2B register).
0 0 1 1 0 0 XXXX XXXX XX [F5:F0] F5 = 1: Monitor enable.
F5 = 0: Monitor disable.
F4 = 1: Monitor input pin selected by F0.
F4 = 0: Monitor DAC channel selected by F3:F0 (see Table 10).
F3 = not used if F4 = 1.
F2 = not used if F4 = 1.
F1 = not used if F4 = 1.
F0 = 0: MON_IN0 selected for monitoring (if F4 and F5 = 1).
F0 = 1: MON_IN1 selected for monitoring (if F4 and F5 = 1).
0 0 1 1 0 1 XXXX XXXX XXXX XX [F1:F0] GPIO configure and write.
F1 = 1: GPIO is an output. Data to output is written to F0.
F1 = 0: GPIO is an input. Data can be read from F0 on readback.
Data (F15 to F0) Action
F4 = 1: Temperature over 130°C.
F4 = 0: Temperature below 130°C.
Read-only bit. This bit should be 0 when writing to the control register.
F3 = 1: PEC
F3 = 0: No PEC
Read-only bit. This bit should be 0 when writing to the control register.
If the bit is set to 0, Register X2A is selected. If the bit is set to 1, Register X2B is selected.
Bit F12 to Bit F7 select the channel to be read back;
Channel 0 = 001000 to Channel 3 = 001011
Channel 4 = 010000 to Channel 7 = 010011
M register
A/B Select Register 0
A/B Select Register 1
Bits1
Rev. A | Page 25 of 28
AD5362/AD5363
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
POWER SUPPLY DECOUPLING
In any circuit where accuracy is important, careful consideration of the power supply and ground return layout helps to
ensure the rated performance. The printed circuit boards on
which the AD5362/AD5363 are mounted should be designed so
that the analog and digital sections are separated and confined
to certain areas of the board. If the AD5362/AD5363 are in a
system where multiple devices require an AGND-to-DGND
connection, the connection should be made at one point only.
The star ground point should be established as close as possible
to the device. For supplies with multiple pins (V
, VDD, DVCC),
SS
it is recommended that these pins be tied together and that each
supply be decoupled only once.
The AD5362/AD5363 should have ample supply decoupling of
10 μF in parallel with 0.1 μF on each supply located as close to
the package as possible, ideally right up against the device. The
10 μF capacitors are the tantalum bead type. The 0.1 μF capacitor
should have low effective series resistance (ESR) and low effective
series inductance (ESI)—typical of the common ceramic types
that provide a low impedance path to ground at high frequencies—
to handle transient currents due to internal logic switching.
Digital lines running under the device should be avoided because
they can couple noise onto the device. The analog ground plane
should be allowed to run under the AD5362/AD5363 to avoid
noise coupling. The power supply lines of the AD5362/AD5363
should use as large a trace as possible to provide low impedance
paths and reduce the effects of glitches on the power supply line.
Fast switching digital signals should be shielded with digital
ground to avoid radiating noise to other parts of the board, and
they should never be run near the reference inputs. It is essential
to minimize noise on the VREF0 and VREF1 lines.
Avoid crossover of digital and analog signals. Traces on opposite sides of the board should run at right angles to each other.
This reduces the effects of feedthrough through the board. A
microstrip technique is by far the best approach, but it is not
always possible with a double-sided board. In this technique,
the component side of the board is dedicated to ground plane,
while signal traces are placed on the solder side.
As is the case for all thin packages, care must be taken to avoid
flexing the package and to avoid a point load on the surface of
this package during the assembly process.
POWER SUPPLY SEQUENCING
When the supplies are connected to the AD5362/AD5363, it
is important that the AGND and DGND pins be connected
to the relevant ground plane before the positive or negative
supplies are applied. In most applications, this is not an issue
because the ground pins for the power supplies are connected
to the ground pins of the AD5362/AD5363 via ground planes.
When the AD5362/AD5363 are to be used in a hot-swap card,
care should be taken to ensure that the ground pins are
connected to the supply grounds before the positive or negative
supplies are connected. This is required to prevent currents
from flowing in directions other than toward an analog or
digital ground.
INTERFACING EXAMPLES
The SPI interface of the AD5362/AD5363 is designed to allow
the parts to be easily connected to industry-standard DSPs and
microcontrollers. Figure 25 shows how the AD5362/AD5363 can
connect to the Analog Devices, Inc., Blackfin® DSP. The Blackfin
has an integrated SPI port that can be connected directly to the
SPI pins of the AD5362 or AD5363, and programmable I/O
pins that can be used to set or read the state of the digital input
or output pins associated with the interface.
AD5362/
AD5363
AD5362/
AD5363
SYNC
SCLK
SDI
SDO
RESET
LDAC
CLR
BUSY
SYNC
SCLK
SDI
SDO
RESET
LDAC
CLR
BUSY
05762-024
SPISELx
SCK
MOSI
MISO
PF10
ADSP-BF531
Figure 25. Interfacing to a Blackfin DSP
PF9
PF8
PF7
The Analog Devices ADSP-21065L is a floating-point DSP with
two serial ports (SPORTs). Figure 26 shows how one SPORT can
be used to control the AD5362 or AD5363. In this example, the
transmit frame synchronization (TFSx) pin is connected to the
receive frame synchronization (RFSx) pin. Similarly, the transmit
and receive clocks (TCLKx and RCLKx) are also connected. The
user can write to the AD5362/AD5363 by writing to the transmit
register of the ADSP-21065L. A read operation can be accomplished by first writing to the AD5362/AD5363 to tell the part
that a read operation is required. A second write operation with
an NOP instruction causes the data to be read from the
AD5362/AD5363. The DSP receive interrupt can be used to
indicate when the read operation is complete.