2.5 V to 5.5 V Power Supply
Guaranteed Monotonic By Design Over All Codes
Power-Down to 80 nA @ 3 V, 200 nA @ 5 V
Double-Buffered Input Logic
Output Range: 0–V
REF
Power-On-Reset to Zero Volts
Simultaneous Update of Outputs (LDAC Function)
Low Power, SPI™, QSPI™, MICROWIRE™, and
DSP-Compatible 3-Wire Serial Interface
On-Chip Rail-to-Rail Output Buffer Amplifiers
Temperature Range –40ⴗC to +105ⴗC
APPLICATIONS
Portable Battery-Powered Instruments
Digital Gain and Offset Adjustment
Programmable Voltage and Current Sources
Programmable Attenuators
Industrial Process Control
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324*
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 are quad 8-, 10- and 12-bit
buffered voltage output DACs in a 10-lead microSOIC package
that operate from a single 2.5 V to 5.5 V supply consuming
500 µA at 3 V. Their on-chip output amplifiers allow rail-torail output swing to be achieved with a slew rate of 0.7 V/µs.
A 3-wire serial interface is used which operates at clock rates
up to 30 MHz and is compatible with standard SPI, QSPI,
MICROWIRE and DSP interface standards.
The references for the four DACs are derived from one reference
pin. The outputs of all DACs may be updated simultaneously
using the software LDAC function. The parts incorporate a
power-on-reset circuit that ensures that the DAC outputs power
up to zero volts and remain there until a valid write takes place
to the device. The parts contain a power-down feature that
reduces the current consumption of the device to 200 nA @ 5 V
(80 nA @ 3 V).
The low power consumption of these parts in normal operation
makes them ideally suited to portable battery-operated equipment.
The power consumption is 3 mW at 5 V, 1.5 mW at 3 V, reducing
to 1 µW in power-down mode.
V
DD
LDAC
INPUT
REGISTER
SCLK
SYNC
DIN
*Protected by U.S. Patent No. 5,969,657; other patents pending.
SPI and QSPI are trademarks of Motorola, Inc.
MICROWIRE is a trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation.
INTERFACE
LOGIC
POWER-ON
RESET
INPUT
REGISTER
INPUT
REGISTER
INPUT
REGISTER
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324
GND
REV. B
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its
use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties
which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or
otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
Resolution8Bits
Relative Accuracy± 0.15± 1LSB
Differential Nonlinearity± 0.02± 0.25LSBGuaranteed Monotonic by Design Over All Codes
AD5314
Resolution10Bits
Relative Accuracy± 0.5± 4LSB
Differential Nonlinearity± 0.05± 0.5LSBGuaranteed Monotonic by Design Over All Codes
AD5324
Resolution12Bits
Relative Accuracy± 2± 16LSB
Differential Nonlinearity± 0.2± 1LSBGuaranteed Monotonic by Design Over All Codes
Offset Error± 0.4± 3% of FSRSee Figures 2 and 3
Gain Error± 0.15± 1% of FSRSee Figures 2 and 3
Lower Deadband2060mVLower Deadband Exists Only If Offset Error Is Negative
Offset Error Drift
Gain Error Drift
DC Power Supply Rejection Ratio
DC Crosstalk
DAC REFERENCE INPUTS
V
Input Range0.25V
REF
V
Input Impedance3745kΩNormal Operation
REF
5
5
5
5
5
–12ppm of FSR/°C
–5ppm of FSR/°C
–60dB∆VDD = ±10%
200µVR
DD
V
= 2 kΩ to GND or V
L
DD
>10MΩPower-Down Mode
Reference Feedthrough–90dBFrequency = 10 kHz
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Minimum Output Voltage
Maximum Output Voltage
5
6
6
0.001VThis is a measure of the minimum and maximum drive
VDD – 0.001Vcapability of the output amplifier.
DC Output Impedance0.5Ω
Short Circuit Current25mAVDD = 5 V
16mAVDD = 3 V
Power-Up Time2.5µsComing Out of Power-Down Mode. VDD = 5 V
VDD = 4.5 V to 5.5 V600900µAV
VDD = 2.5 V to 3.6 V500700µAV
2.55.5V
= VDD and VIL = GND
IH
= VDD and VIL = GND
IH
IDD (Power-Down Mode)
VDD = 4.5 V to 5.5 V0.21µAV
VDD = 2.5 V to 3.6 V0.081µAV
NOTES
1
See Terminology.
2
Temperature range: B Version: –40°C to +105°C; typical at 25°C.
3
DC specifications tested with the outputs unloaded.
4
Linearity is tested using a reduced code range: AD5304 (Code 8 to 248); AD5314 (Code 28 to 995); AD5324 (Code 115 to 3981).
5
Guaranteed by design and characterization, not production tested.
6
In order for the amplifier output to reach its minimum voltage, Offset Error must be negative. In order for the amplifier output to reach its maximum voltage,
= VDD and “Offset plus Gain” Error must be positive.
V
REF
7
IDD specification is valid for all DAC codes. Interface inactive. All DACs active. Load currents excluded.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
= VDD and VIL = GND
IH
= VDD and VIL = GND
IH
–2–
REV. B
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324
(VDD = 2.5 V to 5.5 V; RL = 2 k⍀ to GND; CL = 200 pF to GND; all specifications T
AC CHARACTERISTICS
Parameter
Output Voltage Settling TimeV
2
1
otherwise noted.)
B Version
MinTypMaxUnitConditions/Comments
3
= VDD = 5 V
REF
AD530468µs1/4 Scale to 3/4 Scale
AD531479µs1/4 Scale to 3/4 Scale
AD5324810µs1/4 Scale to 3/4 Scale
Change
Change
Change
to T
MIN
(40 Hex to C0 Hex)
(100 Hex to 300 Hex)
(400 Hex to C00 Hex)
Slew Rate0.7V/µs
Major-Code Transition Glitch Energy12nV-s1 LSB Change Around Major Carry
Digital Feedthrough1nV-s
Digital Crosstalk1nV-s
DAC-to-DAC Crosstalk3nV-s
Multiplying Bandwidth200kHzV
Total Harmonic Distortion–70dBV
NOTES
1
Guaranteed by design and characterization, not production tested.
2
See Terminology.
3
Temperature range: B Version: –40°C to +105°C
Specifications subject to change without notice.
TIMING CHARACTERISTICS
Limit at T
; typical at 25°C.
1, 2, 3
(VDD = 2.5 V to 5.5 V. All specifications T
, T
MIN
MAX
= 2 V ± 0.1 V p-p
REF
= 2.5 V ± 0.1 V p-p. Frequency = 10 kHz
REF
to T
MIN
unless otherwise noted)
MAX
ParameterVDD = 2.5 V to 3.6 VVDD = 3.6 V to 5.5 VUnitConditions/Comments
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
t
5
t
6
t
7
t
8
NOTES
1
Guaranteed by design and characterization, not production tested.
2
All input signals are specified with tr = tf = 5 ns (10% to 90% of VDD) and timed from a voltage level of (VIL + VIH)/2.
3
See Figure 1.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
4033ns minSCLK Cycle Time
1613ns minSCLK High Time
1613ns minSCLK Low Time
00ns minSYNC to SCLK Rising Edge Setup Time
55ns minData Setup Time
4.54.5ns minData Hold Time
00ns minSCLK Falling Edge to SYNC Rising Edge
8033ns minMinimum SYNC High Time
MAX
unless
REV. B
SCLK
SYNC
DIN
t
1
t
t
t
8
DB15
t
4
t
6
t
5
3
2
DB0
t
7
Figure 1. Serial Interface Timing Diagram
–3–
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324
TOP VIEW
(Not to Scale)
10
9
8
7
6
1
2
3
4
5
V
DD
V
OUT
A
GND
DIN
SCLK
SYNC
V
OUT
D
AD5304/
AD5314/
AD5324
V
OUT
B
V
OUT
C
REFIN
WARNING!
ESD SENSITIVE DEVICE
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
(TA = 25°C unless otherwise noted)
1, 2
PIN CONFIGURATION
VDD to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to +7 V
Digital Input Voltage to GND . . . . . . . –0.3 V to V
Reference Input Voltage to GND . . . . –0.3 V to V
V
A–D to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V
Time at Peak Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 sec to 40 sec
NOTES
1
Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause perma-
nent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; and functional operation of
the device at these or any other conditions above those listed in the operational
sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating
conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
2
Transient currents of up to 100 mA will not cause SCR latch-up.
PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
Pin
No.MnemonicFunction
1V
2V
3V
4V
DD
ABuffered Analog Output Voltage from DAC A. The output amplifier has rail-to-rail operation.
OUT
BBuffered Analog Output Voltage from DAC B. The output amplifier has rail-to-rail operation.
OUT
CBuffered Analog Output Voltage from DAC C. The output amplifier has rail-to-rail operation.
OUT
5REFINReference Input Pin for All Four DACs. It has an input range from 0.25 V to V
6V
DBuffered Analog Output Voltage from DAC D. The output amplifier has rail-to-rail operation.
OUT
Power Supply Input. These parts can be operated from 2.5 V to 5.5 V and the supply should be decoupled to GND.
.
DD
7GNDGround Reference Point for All Circuitry on the Part.
8DINSerial Data Input. This device has a 16-bit shift register. Data is clocked into the register on the falling edge of
the serial clock input. The DIN input buffer is powered down after each write cycle.
9SCLKSerial Clock Input. Data is clocked into the input shift register on the falling edge of the serial clock input. Data
can be transferred at clock speeds up to 30 MHz. The SCLK input buffer is powered down after each write cycle.
10SYNCActive Low Control Input. This is the frame synchronization signal for the input data. When SYNC goes low, it
enables the input shift register and data is transferred in on the falling edges of the following 16 clocks. If SYNC is
taken high before the sixteenth falling edge of SCLK, the rising edge of SYNC acts as an interrupt and the
write sequence is ignored by the device.
ORDERING GUIDE
TemperaturePackagePackageBranding
ModelRangeDescriptionOptionInformation
AD5304BRM–40°C to +105°C10-Lead microSOICRM-10DBB
AD5314BRM–40°C to +105°C10-Lead microSOICRM-10DCB
AD5324BRM–40°C to +105°C10-Lead microSOICRM-10DDB
CAUTION
ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily
accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although
the AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage
may occur on devices subjected to high-energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD
precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality.
–4–
REV. B
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324
TERMINOLOGY
RELATIVE ACCURACY
For the DAC, relative accuracy or integral nonlinearity (INL) is
a measure of the maximum deviation, in LSBs, from a straight
line passing through the endpoints of the DAC transfer function.
Typical INL versus Code plots can be seen in Figures 4, 5, and 6.
DIFFERENTIAL NONLINEARITY
Differential Nonlinearity (DNL) is the difference between the
measured change and the ideal 1 LSB change between any two
adjacent codes. A specified differential nonlinearity of ±1 LSB
maximum ensures monotonicity. This DAC is guaranteed monotonic by design. Typical DNL versus Code plots can be seen in
Figures 7, 8, and 9.
OFFSET ERROR
This is a measure of the offset error of the DAC and the output
amplifier. It is expressed as a percentage of the full-scale range.
GAIN ERROR
This is a measure of the span error of the DAC. It is the deviation in slope of the actual DAC transfer characteristic from the
ideal expressed as a percentage of the full-scale range.
OFFSET ERROR DRIFT
This is a measure of the change in offset error with changes in
temperature. It is expressed in (ppm of full-scale range)/°C.
GAIN ERROR DRIFT
This is a measure of the change in gain error with changes in
temperature. It is expressed in (ppm of full-scale range)/°C.
POWER-SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO (PSRR)
This indicates how the output of the DAC is affected by changes
in the supply voltage. PSRR is the ratio of the change in V
a change in V
in dBs. V
for full-scale output of the DAC. It is measured
DD
is held at 2 V and VDD is varied ±10%.
REF
OUT
to
DC CROSSTALK
This is the dc change in the output level of one DAC at midscale
in response to a full-scale code change (all 0s to all 1s and vice
versa) and output change of another DAC. It is expressed in µV.
REFERENCE FEEDTHROUGH
This is the ratio of the amplitude of the signal at the DAC
output to the reference input when the DAC output is not being
updated. It is expressed in dBs.
DIGITAL CROSSTALK
This is the glitch impulse transferred to the output of one DAC
at midscale in response to a full-scale code change (all 0s to all
1s and vice versa) in the input register of another DAC. It is
expressed in nV-secs.
DAC-TO-DAC CROSSTALK
This is the glitch impulse transferred to the output of one DAC
due to a digital code change and subsequent output change of
another DAC. This includes both digital and analog crosstalk. It
is measured by loading one of the DACs with a full-scale code
change (all 0s to all 1s and vice versa) with the LDAC bit set low
and monitoring the output of another DAC. The energy of the
glitch is expressed in nV-secs.
MULTIPLYING BANDWIDTH
The amplifiers within the DAC have a finite bandwidth. The
multiplying bandwidth is a measure of this. A sine wave on the
reference (with full-scale code loaded to the DAC) appears on
the output. The multiplying bandwidth is the frequency at which
the output amplitude falls to 3 dB below the input.
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION
This is the difference between an ideal sine wave and its attenuated
version using the DAC. The sine wave is used as the reference
for the DAC and the THD is a measure of the harmonics present
on the DAC output. It is measured in dBs.
GAIN ERROR
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE
NEGATIVE
OFFSET
ERROR
AMPLIFIER
FOOTROOM
(1mV)
NEGATIVE
OFFSET
ERROR
IDEAL
DAC CODE
DEADBAND CODES
OFFSET ERROR
ACTUAL
PLUS
Figure 2. Transfer Function with Negative Offset
MAJOR-CODE TRANSITION GLITCH ENERGY
Major-code transition glitch energy is the energy of the impulse
injected into the analog output when the code in the DAC
register changes state. It is normally specified as the area of the
glitch in nV-secs and is measured when the digital code is changed
by 1 LSB at the major carry transition (011 . . . 11 to 100 . . . 00
or 100 . . . 00 to 011 . . . 11).
DIGITAL FEEDTHROUGH
Digital feedthrough is a measure of the impulse injected into the
analog output of the DAC from the digital input pins of the device
when the DAC output is not being written to (SYNC held high). It
is specified in nV-secs and is measured with a worst-case change on
the digital input pins, e.g., from all 0s to all 1s or vice versa.
REV. B
–5–
GAIN ERROR
PLUS
OFFSET ERROR
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE
POSITIVE
OFFSET
ACTUAL
IDEAL
DAC CODE
Figure 3. Transfer Function with Positive Offset
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324
1.0
TA = 25ⴗC
V
= 5V
DD
0.5
0
INL ERROR – LSBs
–0.5
–1.0
50250100150200
0
CODE
Figure 4. AD5304 Typical INL Plot
0.3
TA = 25ⴗC
= 5V
V
DD
0.2
0.1
0
–0.1
DNL ERROR – LSBs
–0.2
3
TA = 25ⴗC
= 5V
V
DD
2
1
0
–1
INL ERROR – LSBs
–2
–3
0
2001000
400600800
CODE
Figure 5. AD5314 Typical INL Plot
0.6
TA = 25ⴗC
= 5V
V
DD
0.4
0.2
0
–0.2
DNL ERROR – LSBs
–0.4
12
TA = 25ⴗC
= 5V
V
8
DD
4
0
–4
INL ERROR – LSBs
–8
–12
04000
100020003000
CODE
Figure 6. AD5324 Typical INL Plot
1
TA = 25ⴗC
V
= 5V
DD
0.5
0
DNL ERROR – LSBs
–0.5
–0.3
050250100150200
CODE
Figure 7. AD5304 Typical DNL Plot
0.5
VDD = 5V
= 25ⴗC
T
A
0.25
0
ERROR – LSBs
–0.25
–0.5
015234
MAX INL
MIN DNL
MIN INL
V
REF
MAX DNL
– V
Figure 10. AD5304 INL and DNL
Error vs. V
REF
–0.6
2000
CODE
600400
8001000
Figure 8. AD5314 Typical DNL Plot
0.5
VDD = 5V
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
–0.1
ERROR – LSBs
–0.2
–0.3
–0.4
–0.5
= 3V
V
REF
0
ⴚ40040
MAX INL
MAX DNL
TEMPERATURE – ⴰC
MIN DNL
MIN INL
80120
Figure 11. AD5304 INL Error and
DNL Error vs. Temperature
–1
10000
2000
CODE
30004000
Figure 9. AD5324 Typical DNL Plot
1
VDD = 5V
= 2V
V
REF
0.5
GAIN ERROR
0
ERROR – %
–0.5
–1
ⴚ40040
OFFSET ERROR
80120
TEMPERATURE – ⴰC
Figure 12. AD5304 Offset Error and
Gain Error vs. Temperature
–6–
REV. B
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324
V
LOGIC
– Volts
1000
400
0 0.54.5
1.52.53.5
700
600
900
800
I
DD
– A
1.02.03.04.05.0
500
TA = 25ⴗC
VDD = 5V
VDD = 3V
0.2
TA = 25ⴰC
ERROR – %
0.1
–0.1
–0.2
–0.3
–0.4
–0.5
–0.6
= 2V
V
REF
0
OFFSET ERROR
013
25
VDD – Volts
GAIN ERROR
46
Figure 13. Offset Error and Gain
Error vs. V
600
500
400
300
– A
DD
I
200
DD
ⴚ40ⴰC
+25ⴰC
+105ⴰC
5
5V SOURCE
3
– Volts
OUT
2
V
1
0
013446
Figure 14. V
3V SOURCE
5V SINK
25
SINK/SOURCE CURRENT – mA
Source and Sink
OUT
3V SINK
Current Capability
0.5
0.4
0.3
– A
DD
I
0.2
ⴚ40ⴰC
ⴙ25ⴰC
600
TA = 25ⴰC
= 5V
V
DD
500
400
A
300
–
DD
I
200
100
= 2V
V
REF
0
ZERO – SCALE
FULL – SCALE
CODE
Figure 15. Supply Current vs. DAC
Code
100
0
2.5
3.0
3.5
VDD – Volts
4.55.5
4.0
Figure 16. Supply Current vs. Supply
Voltage
= 25ⴰC
T
A
5µs
= 5V
V
DD
= 5V
V
REF
CH1
V
A
OUT
SCLK
CH2
CH1 1V, CH2 5V, TIME BASE= 1s/DIV
Figure 19. Half-Scale Settling (1/4 to
3/4 Scale Code Change)
5.0
0.1
ⴙ105ⴰC
0
2.5
3.04.0
VDD – Volts
4.5
5.0
5.53.5
Figure 17. Power-Down Current vs.
Supply Voltage
TA = 25ⴰC
= 5V
V
DD
= 2V
V
REF
CH1
V
DD
V
A
CH2
CH1 2V, CH2 200mV, TIME BASE = 200s/DIV
OUT
Figure 20. Power-On Reset to 0 V
Figure 18. Supply Current vs. Logic
Input Voltage
TA = 25ⴰC
= 5V
V
DD
= 2V
V
REF
CH1
V
A
OUT
SCLK
CH2
CH1 500mV, CH2 5V, TIME BASE= 1s/DIV
Figure 21. Exiting Power-Down to
Midscale
REV. B
–7–
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324
VDD = 5VVDD = 3V
FREQUENCY
300 350600400 450 500 550
IDD – A
Figure 22. IDD Histogram with
V
= 3 V and VDD = 5 V
DD
0.02
VDD = 5V
= 25ⴗC
T
A
0.01
0
2.50
2.49
– Volts
OUT
V
2.48
2.47
1s/DIV
Figure 23. AD5324 Major-Code
Transition Glitch Energy
1mV/DIV
10
0
–10
–20
dB
–30
–40
–50
–60
0.01
0.11101001k10k
FREQUENCY – kHz
Figure 24. Multiplying Bandwidth
(Small-Signal Frequency Response)
–0.01
FULL-SCALE ERROR – Volts
–0.02
013
25
V
REF
46
– Volts
Figure 25. Full-Scale Error vs. V
REF
150ns/DIV
Figure 26. DAC-to-DAC Crosstalk
–8–
REV. B
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 are quad resistor-string DACs
fabricated on a CMOS process with resolutions of 8, 10, and 12
bits respectively. Each contains four output buffer amplifiers and
is written to via a 3-wire serial interface. They operate from
single supplies of 2.5 V to 5.5 V and the output buffer amplifiers
provide rail-to-rail output swing with a slew rate of 0.7 V/µs. The
four DACs share a single reference input pin. The devices have
programmable power-down modes, in which all DACs may be
turned off completely with a high-impedance output.
Digital-to-Analog Section
The architecture of one DAC channel consists of a resistor-string
DAC followed by an output buffer amplifier. The voltage at the
REFIN pin provides the reference voltage for the DAC. Figure
27 shows a block diagram of the DAC architecture. Since the
input coding to the DAC is straight binary, the ideal output
voltage is given by:
VD
×
V
OUT
REF
=
N
2
where
D = decimal equivalent of the binary code, which is loaded to the
DAC register;
0–255 for AD5304 (8 Bits)
0–1023 for AD5314 (10 Bits)
0–4095 for AD5324 (12 Bits)
N = DAC resolution
REFIN
DAC Reference Inputs
There is a single reference input pin for the four DACs. The
reference input is unbuffered. The user can have a reference
voltage as low as 0.25 V and as high as V
since there is no
DD
restriction due to headroom and footroom of any reference
amplifier.
It is recommended to use a buffered reference in the external
circuit (e.g., REF192). The input impedance is typically 45 kΩ.
Output Amplifier
The output buffer amplifier is capable of generating rail-to-rail
voltages on its output, which gives an output range of 0 V to V
DD
when the reference is VDD. It is capable of driving a load of
2 kΩ to GND or V
in parallel with 500 pF to GND or VDD.
DD,
The source and sink capabilities of the output amplifier can be
seen in the plot in Figure 14.
The slew rate is 0.7 V/µs with a half-scale settling time to± 0.5 LSB (at 8 bits) of 6 µs.
POWER-ON RESET
The AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 are provided with a power-on
reset function, so that they power up in a defined state. The
power-on state is:
– Normal operation.
– Output voltage set to 0 V.
Both input and DAC registers are filled with zeros and remain
so until a valid write sequence is made to the device. This is
particularly useful in applications where it is important to know
the state of the DAC outputs while the device is powering up.
INPUT
REGISTER
DAC
REGISTER
RESISTOR
STRING
OUTPUT BUFFER
AMPLIFIER
V
A
OUT
Figure 27. DAC Channel Architecture
Resistor String
The resistor string section is shown in Figure 28. It is simply a
string of resistors, each of value R. The digital code loaded to the
DAC register determines at which node on the string the voltage
is tapped off to be fed into the output amplifier. The voltage is
tapped off by closing one of the switches connecting the string to
the amplifier. Because it is a string of resistors, it is guaranteed
monotonic.
R
R
R
R
R
TO OUTPUT
AMPLIFIER
SERIAL INTERFACE
The AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 are controlled over a versatile,
3-wire serial interface, which operates at clock rates up to 30 MHz
and is compatible with SPI, QSPI, MICROWIRE, and DSP
interface standards.
Input Shift Register
The input shift register is 16 bits wide. Data is loaded into the
device as a 16-bit word under the control of a serial clock input,
SCLK. The timing diagram for this operation is shown in Figure 1.
The 16-bit word consists of four control bits followed by 8, 10,
or 12 bits of DAC data, depending on the device type. Data
is loaded MSB first (Bit 15) and the first two bits determine
whether the data is for DAC A, DAC B, DAC C, or DAC D.
Bits 13 and 12 control the operating mode of the DAC. Bit 13 is
PD, which determines whether the part is in normal or powerdown mode. Bit 12 is LDAC, which controls when DAC registers
and outputs are updated.
Table I. Address Bits for the AD53x4
A1A0DAC Addressed
00DAC A
01DAC B
10DAC C
11DAC D
REV. B
Figure 28. Resistor String
–9–
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324
BIT15
(MSB)
A1
A0
LDACPD
D7 D6 D5
D4
DATA BITS
Figure 29. AD5304 Input Shift Register Contents
BIT15
(MSB)
A1
A0
PD
LDAC
D9 D8 D7
D6
DATA BITS
Figure 30. AD5314 Input Shift Register Contents
BIT15
(MSB)
A1
A0
PD
LDAC
D11 D10 D9
D8
Figure 31. AD5324 Input Shift Register Contents
Address and Control Bits
PD:0: All four DACs go into power-down mode consuming
only 200 nA @ 5 V. The DAC outputs enter a highimpedance state.
1: Normal operation.
LDAC: 0: All four DAC registers and hence all DAC outputs
updated simultaneously on completion of the write
sequence.
1: Addressed input register only is updated. There is
no change in the content of the DAC registers.
The AD5324 uses all 12 bits of DAC data, the AD5314 uses
10 bits and ignores the two LSBs. The AD5304 uses eight bits
and ignores the last four bits. The data format is straight binary,
with all zeros corresponding to 0 V output and all ones corresponding to full-scale output (V
–1 LSB).
REF
The SYNC input is a level-triggered input that acts as a frame
synchronization signal and chip enable. Data can only be transferred into the device while SYNC is low. To start the serial data
transfer, SYNC should be taken low, observing the minimum
SYNC to SCLK active edge setup time, t
. After SYNC goes low,
4
serial data will be shifted into the device's input shift register on
the falling edges of SCLK for sixteen clock pulses. Any data and
clock pulses after the sixteenth falling edge of SCLK will be
ignored because the SCLK and DIN input buffers are powered
down. No further serial data transfer will occur until SYNC is
taken high and low again.
SYNC may be taken high after the falling edge of the sixteenth
SCLK pulse, observing the minimum SCLK falling edge to
SYNC rising edge time, t
.
7
After the end of serial data transfer, data will automatically be
transferred from the input shift register to the input register of
the selected DAC. If SYNC is taken high before the sixteenth
falling edge of SCLK, the data transfer will be aborted and the
DAC input registers will not be updated.
When data has been transferred into three of the DAC input
registers, all DAC registers and all DAC outputs may simultaneously be updated by setting LDAC low when writing to the
remaining DAC input register.
BIT0
(LSB)
D3 D2 D1
D5 D4 D3
D7 D6 D5
DATA BITS
D0
X
D2
D1 D0
D4
D3 D2 D1 D0
XXX
BIT0
(LSB)
XX
BIT0
(LSB)
Low-Power Serial Interface
To reduce the power consumption of the device even further, the
interface only powers up fully when the device is being written
to, i.e., on the falling edge of SYNC. As soon as the 16-bit control
word has been written to the part, the SCLK and DIN input
buffers are powered down. They only power up again following
a falling edge of SYNC.
Double-Buffered Interface
The AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 DACs all have double-buffered
interfaces consisting of two banks of registers—input registers
and DAC registers. The input register is directly connected to
the input shift register and the digital code is transferred to the
relevant input register on completion of a valid write sequence.
The DAC register contains the digital code used by the resistor string.
Access to the DAC register is controlled by the LDAC bit. When
the LDAC bit is set high, the DAC register is latched and hence
the input register may change state without affecting the contents
of the DAC register. However, when the LDAC bit is set low,
all DAC registers are updated after a complete write sequence.
This is useful if the user requires simultaneous updating of all DAC
outputs. The user may write to three of the input registers individually and then, by setting the LDAC bit low when writing
to the remaining DAC input register, all outputs will update
simultaneously.
These parts contain an extra feature whereby the DAC register
is not updated unless its input register has been updated since
the last time that LDAC was brought low. Normally, when LDAC
is brought low, the DAC registers are filled with the contents of
the input registers. In the case of the AD5304/AD5314/AD5324,
the part will only update the DAC register if the input register
has been changed since the last time the DAC register was
updated, thereby removing unnecessary digital crosstalk.
POWER-DOWN MODE
The AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 have low power consumption,
dissipating only 1.5 mW with a 3 V supply and 3 mW with a 5 V
supply. Power consumption can be further reduced when the
DACs are not in use by putting them into power-down mode,
which is selected by a zero on Bit 13 (PD) of the control word.
–10–
REV. B
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324
When the PD bit is set to 1, all DACs work normally with a
typical power consumption of 600 µA at 5 V (500 µA at 3 V).
However, in power-down mode, the supply current falls to 200 nA
at 5 V (80 nA at 3 V) when all DACs are powered down. Not
only does the supply current drop, but the output stage is also
internally switched from the output of the amplifier making it
open-circuit. This has the advantage that the output is threestated while the part is in power-down mode, and provides a
defined input condition for whatever is connected to the output
of the DAC amplifier. The output stage is illustrated in Figure 32.
The bias generator, the output amplifier, the resistor string, and
all other associated linear circuitry are all shut down when the
power-down mode is activated. However, the contents of the
registers are unaffected when in power-down. The time to exit
power-down is typically 2.5 µs for VDD = 5 V and 5 µs when
V
= 3 V. This is the time from the falling edge of the sixteenth
DD
SCLK pulse to when the output voltage deviates from its powerdown voltage. See Figure 21 for a plot.
RESISTOR
STRING DAC
AMPLIFIER
POWER-DOWN
CIRCUITRY
V
OUT
Figure 32. Output Stage During Power-Down
MICROPROCESSOR INTERFACING
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 to ADSP-2101/ADSP-2103 Interface
Figure 33 shows a serial interface between the AD5304/AD5314/
AD5324 and the ADSP-2101/ADSP-2103. The ADSP-2101/
ADSP-2103 should be set up to operate in the SPORT Transmit
Alternate Framing Mode. The ADSP-2101/ADSP-2103 SPORT
is programmed through the SPORT control register and should
be configured as follows: Internal Clock Operation, Active-Low
Framing, 16-Bit Word Length. Transmission is initiated by writing
a word to the Tx register after the SPORT has been enabled.
The data is clocked out on each rising edge of the DSP’s serial
clock and clocked into the AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 on the
falling edge of the DAC’s SCLK.
ADSP-2101/
ADSP-2103*
TFS
DT
SCLK
*ADDITIONAL PINS OMITTED FOR CLARITY.
AD5304/
AD5314/
AD5324*
SYNC
DIN
SCLK
Figure 33. AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 to ADSP-2101/
ADSP-2103 Interface
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 to 68HC11/68L11 Interface
Figure 34 shows a serial interface between the AD5304/AD5314/
AD5324 and the 68HC11/68L11 microcontroller. SCK of the
68HC11/68L11 drives the SCLK of the AD5304/AD5314/
AD5324, while the MOSI output drives the serial data line (DIN)
of the DAC. The SYNC signal is derived from a port line (PC7).
The setup conditions for correct operation of this interface are
as follows: the 68HC11/68L11 should be configured so that its
CPOL bit is a 0 and its CPHA bit is a 1. When data is being
transmitted to the DAC, the SYNC line is taken low (PC7).
When the 68HC11/68L11 is configured as above, data appearing
on the MOSI output is valid on the falling edge of SCK. Serial
data from the 68HC11/68L11 is transmitted in 8-bit bytes with
only eight falling clock edges occurring in the transmit cycle. Data
is transmitted MSB first. In order to load data to the AD5304/
AD5314/AD5324, PC7 is left low after the first eight bits are
transferred, a second serial write operation is performed to the
DAC, and PC7 is taken high at the end of this procedure.
68HC11/68L11*
PC7
SCK
MOSI
*ADDITIONAL PINS OMITTED FOR CLARITY.
AD5304/
AD5314/
AD5324*
SYNC
SCLK
DIN
Figure 34. AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 to 68HC11/68L11
Interface
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 to 80C51/80L51 Interface
Figure 35 shows a serial interface between the AD5304/AD5314/
AD5324 and the 80C51/80L51 microcontroller. The setup for
the interface is as follows: TxD of the 80C51/80L51 drives SCLK
of the AD5304/AD5314/AD5324, while RxD drives the serial
data line of the part. The SYNC signal is again derived from a
bit-programmable pin on the port. In this case port line P3.3 is
used. When data is to be transmitted to the AD5304/AD5314/
AD5324, P3.3 is taken low. The 80C51/80L51 transmits data
only in 8-bit bytes; thus only eight falling clock edges occur in
the transmit cycle. To load data to the DAC, P3.3 is left low
after the first eight bits are transmitted, and a second write cycle
is initiated to transmit the second byte of data. P3.3 is taken high
following the completion of this cycle. The 80C51/80L51 outputs
the serial data in a format which has the LSB first. The AD5304/
AD5314/AD5324 requires its data with the MSB as the first bit
received. The 80C51/80L51 transmit routine should take this
into account.
80C51/80L51*
P3.3
TxD
RxD
AD5304/
AD5314/
AD5324*
SYNC
SCLK
DIN
REV. B
*ADDITIONAL PINS OMITTED FOR CLARITY.
Figure 35. AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 to 80C51/80L51
Interface
–11–
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 to MICROWIRE Interface
Figure 36 shows an interface between the AD5304/AD5314/
AD5324 and any MICROWIRE-compatible device. Serial data is
shifted out on the falling edge of the serial clock, SK and is
clocked into the AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 on the rising edge
of SK, which corresponds to the falling edge of the DAC’s SCLK.
MICROWIRE*
CS
SK
SO
*ADDITIONAL PINS OMITTED FOR CLARITY.
AD5304/
AD5314/
AD5324*
SYNC
SCLK
DIN
Figure 36. AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 to MICROWIRE
Interface
APPLICATIONS
Typical Application Circuit
The AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 can be used with a wide range
of reference voltages where the devices offer full, one-quadrant
multiplying capability over a reference range of 0 V to V
DD
.
More typically, these devices are used with a fixed, precision
reference voltage. Suitable references for 5 V operation are the
AD780 and REF192 (2.5 V references). For 2.5 V operation, a
suitable external reference would be the AD589, a 1.23 V bandgap reference. Figure 37 shows a typical setup for the AD5304/
AD5314/AD5324 when using an external reference.
VDD = 2.5V TO 5.5V
0.1F
10F
AD5304/
AD5314/
AD5324
V
IN
V
OUT
EXT
REF
AD780/REF192
= 5V
WITH V
DD
OR AD589 WITH
= 2.5V
V
DD
1F
SERIAL
INTERFACE
REFIN
SCLK
DIN
SYNC
A0
GND
V
A
OUT
V
B
OUT
V
C
OUT
D
V
OUT
Figure 37. AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 Using External
Reference
If an output range of 0 V to VDD is required, the simplest solution is to connect the reference input to V
. As this supply may
DD
not be very accurate and may be noisy, the AD5304/AD5314/
AD5324 may be powered from the reference voltage; for example,
using a 5 V reference such as the REF195. The REF195 will
output a steady supply voltage for the AD5304/AD5314/AD5324.
The current required from the REF195 is 600 µA supply current
and approximately 112 µA into the reference input. This is with no
load on the DAC outputs. When the DAC outputs are loaded, the
REF195 also needs to supply the current to the loads. The total
current required (with a 10 kΩ load on each output) is:
712 µA + 4(5 V/10 kΩ) = 2.70 mA
The load regulation of the REF195 is typically 2 ppm/mA, which
results in an error of 5.4 ppm (27 µV) for the 2.7 mA current
drawn from it. This corresponds to a 0.0014 LSB error at 8 bits
and 0.022 LSB error at 12 bits.
Bipolar Operation Using the AD5304/AD5314/AD5324
The AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 have been designed for singlesupply operation, but a bipolar output range is also possible
using the circuit in Figure 38. This circuit will give an output
voltage range of ±5 V. Rail-to-rail operation at the amplifier output
is achievable using an AD820 or an OP295 as the output amplifier.
R2 = 10k⍀
6V TO 16V
10F
REF195
V
IN
GND
R1 = 10k⍀
0.1F
5V
V
DD
V
OUT
1F
REFIN
GND
D
AD5304
IN
SCLK
SERIAL
INTERFACE
V
OUT
V
OUT
V
OUT
V
OUT
S
Y
N
+5V
AD820/
OP295
A
–5V
B
C
D
C
ⴞ5V
Figure 38. Bipolar Operation with the AD5304
The output voltage for any input code can be calculated as
follows:
V
= [(REFIN × D/2N) × (R1+R2)/R1 – REFIN × (R2/R1)]
OUT
where:
D is the decimal equivalent of the code loaded to the DAC.
N is the DAC resolution.
REFIN is the reference voltage input.
with:
REFIN = 5 V, R1 = R2 = 10 kΩ:
V
= (10 × D/2N) – 5 V
OUT
Opto-Isolated Interface for Process Control Applications
The AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 have a versatile 3-wire serial
interface making them ideal for generating accurate voltages
in process control and industrial applications. Due to noise,
safety requirements or distance, it may be necessary to isolate
the AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 from the controller. This can easily
be achieved by using opto-isolators, which will provide isolation in
excess of 3 kV. The actual data rate achieved may be limited by
the type of optocouplers chosen. The serial loading structure
of the AD5304/AD5314/ AD5324 makes them ideally suited for
use in opto-isolated applications. Figure 39 shows an opto-isolated interface to the AD5304 where DIN, SCLK, and SYNC
are driven from optocouplers. The power supply to the part
also needs to be isolated. This is done by using a transformer. On
the DAC side of the transformer, a 5 V regulator provides the 5 V
supply required for the AD5304.
–12–
REV. B
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324
5V
POWER
SCLK
SYNC
DIN
REGULATOR
V
10k⍀
V
10k⍀
V
10k⍀
DD
SCLK
DD
DD
AD5304
SYNC
DIN
V
DD
GND
10F
REFIN
V
OUT
V
OUT
V
OUT
V
OUT
0.1F
A
B
C
D
Figure 39. AD5304 in an Opto-Isolated Interface
Decoding Multiple AD5304/AD5314/AD5324s
The SYNC pin on the AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 can be used
in applications to decode a number of DACs. In this application,
all the DACs in the system receive the same serial clock and
serial data, but the SYNC to only one of the devices will be active
at any one time, allowing access to four channels in this 16channel system. The 74HC139 is used as a 2-to-4-line decoder
to address any of the DACs in the system. To prevent timing
errors, the enable input should be brought to its inactive state
while the coded address inputs are changing state. Figure 40
shows a diagram of a typical setup for decoding multiple
AD5304 devices in a system.
SCLK
DIN
ENABLE
CODED
ADDRESS
1G
1A
1B
V
DD
V
CC
74HC139
DGND
1Y0
1Y1
1Y2
1Y3
SYNC
DIN
SCLK
SYNC
DIN
SCLK
SYNC
DIN
SCLK
SYNC
DIN
SCLK
AD5304
AD5304
AD5304
AD5304
V
A
OUT
B
V
OUT
C
V
OUT
D
V
OUT
V
A
OUT
V
B
OUT
C
V
OUT
D
V
OUT
V
A
OUT
V
B
OUT
C
V
OUT
D
V
OUT
V
A
OUT
V
B
OUT
C
V
OUT
D
V
OUT
Figure 40. Decoding Multiple AD5304 Devices in a System
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 as a Digitally Programmable
Window Detector
A digitally programmable upper/lower limit detector using two
of the DACs in the AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 is shown in
Figure 41. The upper and lower limits for the test are loaded to
DACs A and B which, in turn, set the limits on the CMP04. If
the signal at the V
input is not within the programmed window,
IN
an LED will indicate the fail condition. Similarly, DACs C and
D can be used for window detection on a second V
5V
V
REF
SYNC
DIN
SCLK
0.1F
*ADDITIONAL PINS OMITTED FOR CLARITY
REFIN
SYNC
DIN
SCLK
10F
V
1/2
AD5304/
AD5314/
AD5324*
GND
V
IN
DD
V
A
OUT
V
B
OUT
1/2
CMP04
signal.
IN
1k⍀
FAILPASS
PASS/FAIL
1/6 74HC05
1k⍀
Figure 41. Window Detection
POWER SUPPLY BYPASSING AND GROUNDING
In any circuit where accuracy is important, careful consideration
of the power supply and ground return layout helps to ensure the
rated performance. The printed circuit board on which the
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 is mounted should be designed so
that the analog and digital sections are separated, and confined
to certain areas of the board. If the AD5304/AD5314/AD5324
is in a system where multiple devices require an AGND-to-DGND
connection, the connection should be made at one point only.
The star ground point should be established as close as possible
to the device. The AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 should have ample
supply bypassing of 10 µF in parallel with 0.1 µF on the supply
located as close to the package as possible, ideally right up against
the device. The 10 µF capacitors are the tantalum bead type. The
0.1 µF capacitor should have low Effective Series Resistance
(ESR) and Effective Series Inductance (ESI), like the common
ceramic types that provide a low impedance path to ground at
high frequencies, to handle transient currents due to internal logic
switching.
The power supply lines of the AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 should
use as large a trace as possible to provide low impedance paths
and reduce the effects of glitches on the power supply line. Fast
switching signals such as clocks should be shielded with digital
ground to avoid radiating noise to other parts of the board, and
should never be run near the reference inputs. Avoid crossover
of digital and analog signals. Traces on opposite sides of the
board should run at right angles to each other. This reduces the
effects of feedthrough through the board. A microstrip technique is
by far the best, but not always possible with a double-sided
board. In this technique, the component side of the board is
dedicated to ground plane while signal traces are placed on the
solder side.