Datasheet AD5304, AD5324, AD5314 Datasheet (Analog Devices)

2.5 V to 5.5 V, 500 ␮A, Quad Voltage Output
a
8-/10-/12-Bit DACs in 10-Lead microSOIC
FEATURES AD5304
Four Buffered 8-Bit DACs in 10-Lead microSOIC
AD5314
Four Buffered 10-Bit DACs in 10-Lead microSOIC
AD5324
Four Buffered 12-Bit DACs in 10-Lead microSOIC
Low Power Operation: 500 A @ 3 V, 600 A @ 5 V
2.5 V to 5.5 V Power Supply Guaranteed Monotonic By Design Over All Codes Power-Down to 80 nA @ 3 V, 200 nA @ 5 V Double-Buffered Input Logic Output Range: 0–V
REF
Power-On-Reset to Zero Volts Simultaneous Update of Outputs (LDAC Function) Low Power, SPI™, QSPI™, MICROWIRE™, and
DSP-Compatible 3-Wire Serial Interface On-Chip Rail-to-Rail Output Buffer Amplifiers Temperature Range –40C to +105ⴗC
APPLICATIONS Portable Battery-Powered Instruments Digital Gain and Offset Adjustment Programmable Voltage and Current Sources Programmable Attenuators Industrial Process Control
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324*
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 are quad 8-, 10- and 12-bit buffered voltage output DACs in a 10-lead microSOIC package that operate from a single 2.5 V to 5.5 V supply consuming 500 µA at 3 V. Their on-chip output amplifiers allow rail-to­rail output swing to be achieved with a slew rate of 0.7 V/µs. A 3-wire serial interface is used which operates at clock rates up to 30 MHz and is compatible with standard SPI, QSPI, MICROWIRE and DSP interface standards.
The references for the four DACs are derived from one reference pin. The outputs of all DACs may be updated simultaneously using the software LDAC function. The parts incorporate a power-on-reset circuit that ensures that the DAC outputs power up to zero volts and remain there until a valid write takes place to the device. The parts contain a power-down feature that reduces the current consumption of the device to 200 nA @ 5 V (80 nA @ 3 V).
The low power consumption of these parts in normal operation makes them ideally suited to portable battery-operated equipment. The power consumption is 3 mW at 5 V, 1.5 mW at 3 V, reducing to 1 µW in power-down mode.
V
DD
LDAC
INPUT
REGISTER
SCLK
SYNC
DIN
*Protected by U.S. Patent No. 5,969,657; other patents pending.
SPI and QSPI are trademarks of Motorola, Inc. MICROWIRE is a trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation.
INTERFACE
LOGIC
POWER-ON
RESET
INPUT
REGISTER
INPUT
REGISTER
INPUT
REGISTER
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324
GND
REV. B
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
REFIN
DAC
REGISTER
DAC
REGISTER
DAC
REGISTER
DAC
REGISTER
STRING
DAC A
STRING
DAC B
STRING
DAC C
STRING
DAC D
POWER-DOWN
LOGIC
One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781/329-4700 World Wide Web Site: http://www.analog.com Fax: 781/326-8703 © Analog Devices, Inc., 2000
BUFFER
V
A
OUT
BBUFFER
V
OUT
V
CBUFFER
OUT
V
DBUFFER
OUT
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324–SPECIFICATIONS
GND; CL = 200 pF to GND; All specifications T
Parameter
1
DC PERFORMANCE
3, 4
B Version Min Typ Max Unit Conditions/Comments
MIN
to T
unless otherwise noted.)
MAX
2
(VDD = 2.5 V to 5.5 V; V
= 2 V; RL = 2 k to
REF
AD5304
Resolution 8 Bits Relative Accuracy ± 0.15 ± 1 LSB Differential Nonlinearity ± 0.02 ± 0.25 LSB Guaranteed Monotonic by Design Over All Codes
AD5314
Resolution 10 Bits Relative Accuracy ± 0.5 ± 4 LSB Differential Nonlinearity ± 0.05 ± 0.5 LSB Guaranteed Monotonic by Design Over All Codes
AD5324
Resolution 12 Bits Relative Accuracy ± 2 ± 16 LSB
Differential Nonlinearity ± 0.2 ± 1 LSB Guaranteed Monotonic by Design Over All Codes Offset Error ± 0.4 ± 3 % of FSR See Figures 2 and 3 Gain Error ± 0.15 ± 1 % of FSR See Figures 2 and 3 Lower Deadband 20 60 mV Lower Deadband Exists Only If Offset Error Is Negative Offset Error Drift Gain Error Drift DC Power Supply Rejection Ratio DC Crosstalk
DAC REFERENCE INPUTS
V
Input Range 0.25 V
REF
V
Input Impedance 37 45 k Normal Operation
REF
5
5
5
5
5
–12 ppm of FSR/°C –5 ppm of FSR/°C –60 dB ∆VDD = ±10% 200 µVR
DD
V
= 2 k to GND or V
L
DD
>10 M Power-Down Mode
Reference Feedthrough –90 dB Frequency = 10 kHz
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Minimum Output Voltage Maximum Output Voltage
5
6
6
0.001 V This is a measure of the minimum and maximum drive
VDD – 0.001 V capability of the output amplifier. DC Output Impedance 0.5 Short Circuit Current 25 mA VDD = 5 V
16 mA VDD = 3 V Power-Up Time 2.5 µs Coming Out of Power-Down Mode. VDD = 5 V
5 µs Coming Out of Power-Down Mode. VDD = 3 V
LOGIC INPUTS
5
Input Current ± 1 µA VIL, Input Low Voltage 0.8 V VDD = 5 V ± 10%
0.6 V VDD = 3 V ± 10%
0.5 V VDD = 2.5 V
VIH, Input High Voltage 2.4 V VDD = 5 V ± 10%
2.1 V VDD = 3 V ± 10%
2.0 V VDD = 2.5 V
Pin Capacitance 3 pF
POWER REQUIREMENTS
V
DD
IDD (Normal Mode)
7
VDD = 4.5 V to 5.5 V 600 900 µAV VDD = 2.5 V to 3.6 V 500 700 µAV
2.5 5.5 V
= VDD and VIL = GND
IH
= VDD and VIL = GND
IH
IDD (Power-Down Mode)
VDD = 4.5 V to 5.5 V 0.2 1 µAV VDD = 2.5 V to 3.6 V 0.08 1 µAV
NOTES
1
See Terminology.
2
Temperature range: B Version: –40°C to +105°C; typical at 25°C.
3
DC specifications tested with the outputs unloaded.
4
Linearity is tested using a reduced code range: AD5304 (Code 8 to 248); AD5314 (Code 28 to 995); AD5324 (Code 115 to 3981).
5
Guaranteed by design and characterization, not production tested.
6
In order for the amplifier output to reach its minimum voltage, Offset Error must be negative. In order for the amplifier output to reach its maximum voltage,
= VDD and “Offset plus Gain” Error must be positive.
V
REF
7
IDD specification is valid for all DAC codes. Interface inactive. All DACs active. Load currents excluded.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
= VDD and VIL = GND
IH
= VDD and VIL = GND
IH
–2–
REV. B
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324
(VDD = 2.5 V to 5.5 V; RL = 2 k to GND; CL = 200 pF to GND; all specifications T
AC CHARACTERISTICS
Parameter
Output Voltage Settling Time V
2
1
otherwise noted.)
B Version Min Typ Max Unit Conditions/Comments
3
= VDD = 5 V
REF
AD5304 6 8 µs 1/4 Scale to 3/4 Scale AD5314 7 9 µs 1/4 Scale to 3/4 Scale AD5324 8 10 µs 1/4 Scale to 3/4 Scale
Change Change Change
to T
MIN
(40 Hex to C0 Hex) (100 Hex to 300 Hex)
(400 Hex to C00 Hex) Slew Rate 0.7 V/µs Major-Code Transition Glitch Energy 12 nV-s 1 LSB Change Around Major Carry Digital Feedthrough 1 nV-s Digital Crosstalk 1 nV-s DAC-to-DAC Crosstalk 3 nV-s Multiplying Bandwidth 200 kHz V Total Harmonic Distortion –70 dB V
NOTES
1
Guaranteed by design and characterization, not production tested.
2
See Terminology.
3
Temperature range: B Version: –40°C to +105°C
Specifications subject to change without notice.
TIMING CHARACTERISTICS
Limit at T
; typical at 25°C.
1, 2, 3
(VDD = 2.5 V to 5.5 V. All specifications T
, T
MIN
MAX
= 2 V ± 0.1 V p-p
REF
= 2.5 V ± 0.1 V p-p. Frequency = 10 kHz
REF
to T
MIN
unless otherwise noted)
MAX
Parameter VDD = 2.5 V to 3.6 V VDD = 3.6 V to 5.5 V Unit Conditions/Comments
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
t
5
t
6
t
7
t
8
NOTES
1
Guaranteed by design and characterization, not production tested.
2
All input signals are specified with tr = tf = 5 ns (10% to 90% of VDD) and timed from a voltage level of (VIL + VIH)/2.
3
See Figure 1.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
40 33 ns min SCLK Cycle Time 16 13 ns min SCLK High Time 16 13 ns min SCLK Low Time 0 0 ns min SYNC to SCLK Rising Edge Setup Time 5 5 ns min Data Setup Time
4.5 4.5 ns min Data Hold Time 0 0 ns min SCLK Falling Edge to SYNC Rising Edge 80 33 ns min Minimum SYNC High Time
MAX
unless
REV. B
SCLK
SYNC
DIN
t
1
t
t
t
8
DB15
t
4
t
6
t
5
3
2
DB0
t
7
Figure 1. Serial Interface Timing Diagram
–3–
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324
TOP VIEW
(Not to Scale)
10
9
8
7
6
1
2
3
4
5
V
DD
V
OUT
A
GND
DIN
SCLK
SYNC
V
OUT
D
AD5304/ AD5314/
AD5324
V
OUT
B
V
OUT
C
REFIN
WARNING!
ESD SENSITIVE DEVICE
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
(TA = 25°C unless otherwise noted)
1, 2
PIN CONFIGURATION
VDD to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to +7 V
Digital Input Voltage to GND . . . . . . . –0.3 V to V
Reference Input Voltage to GND . . . . –0.3 V to V
V
A–D to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V
OUT
+ 0.3 V
DD
+ 0.3 V
DD
Operating Temperature Range
Industrial (B Version) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –40°C to +105°C
Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . –65°C to +150°C
Junction Temperature (T
max) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150°C
J
10-Lead microSOIC Package
Power Dissipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (T
max – TA)/θ
J
JA
θJA Thermal Impedance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206°C/W
Thermal Impedance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44°C/W
θ
JC
Reflow Soldering
Peak Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 +5/–0°C
Time at Peak Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 sec to 40 sec
NOTES
1
Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause perma-
nent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those listed in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
2
Transient currents of up to 100 mA will not cause SCR latch-up.
PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
Pin No. Mnemonic Function
1V 2V 3V 4V
DD
A Buffered Analog Output Voltage from DAC A. The output amplifier has rail-to-rail operation.
OUT
B Buffered Analog Output Voltage from DAC B. The output amplifier has rail-to-rail operation.
OUT
C Buffered Analog Output Voltage from DAC C. The output amplifier has rail-to-rail operation.
OUT
5 REFIN Reference Input Pin for All Four DACs. It has an input range from 0.25 V to V 6V
D Buffered Analog Output Voltage from DAC D. The output amplifier has rail-to-rail operation.
OUT
Power Supply Input. These parts can be operated from 2.5 V to 5.5 V and the supply should be decoupled to GND.
.
DD
7 GND Ground Reference Point for All Circuitry on the Part. 8 DIN Serial Data Input. This device has a 16-bit shift register. Data is clocked into the register on the falling edge of
the serial clock input. The DIN input buffer is powered down after each write cycle.
9 SCLK Serial Clock Input. Data is clocked into the input shift register on the falling edge of the serial clock input. Data
can be transferred at clock speeds up to 30 MHz. The SCLK input buffer is powered down after each write cycle.
10 SYNC Active Low Control Input. This is the frame synchronization signal for the input data. When SYNC goes low, it
enables the input shift register and data is transferred in on the falling edges of the following 16 clocks. If SYNC is taken high before the sixteenth falling edge of SCLK, the rising edge of SYNC acts as an interrupt and the write sequence is ignored by the device.
ORDERING GUIDE
Temperature Package Package Branding
Model Range Description Option Information
AD5304BRM –40°C to +105°C 10-Lead microSOIC RM-10 DBB AD5314BRM –40°C to +105°C 10-Lead microSOIC RM-10 DCB AD5324BRM –40°C to +105°C 10-Lead microSOIC RM-10 DDB
CAUTION
ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although the AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices subjected to high-energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality.
–4–
REV. B
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324
TERMINOLOGY RELATIVE ACCURACY
For the DAC, relative accuracy or integral nonlinearity (INL) is a measure of the maximum deviation, in LSBs, from a straight line passing through the endpoints of the DAC transfer function. Typical INL versus Code plots can be seen in Figures 4, 5, and 6.
DIFFERENTIAL NONLINEARITY
Differential Nonlinearity (DNL) is the difference between the measured change and the ideal 1 LSB change between any two adjacent codes. A specified differential nonlinearity of ±1 LSB maximum ensures monotonicity. This DAC is guaranteed mono­tonic by design. Typical DNL versus Code plots can be seen in Figures 7, 8, and 9.
OFFSET ERROR
This is a measure of the offset error of the DAC and the output amplifier. It is expressed as a percentage of the full-scale range.
GAIN ERROR
This is a measure of the span error of the DAC. It is the devia­tion in slope of the actual DAC transfer characteristic from the ideal expressed as a percentage of the full-scale range.
OFFSET ERROR DRIFT
This is a measure of the change in offset error with changes in temperature. It is expressed in (ppm of full-scale range)/°C.
GAIN ERROR DRIFT
This is a measure of the change in gain error with changes in temperature. It is expressed in (ppm of full-scale range)/°C.
POWER-SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO (PSRR)
This indicates how the output of the DAC is affected by changes in the supply voltage. PSRR is the ratio of the change in V a change in V in dBs. V
for full-scale output of the DAC. It is measured
DD
is held at 2 V and VDD is varied ±10%.
REF
OUT
to
DC CROSSTALK
This is the dc change in the output level of one DAC at midscale in response to a full-scale code change (all 0s to all 1s and vice versa) and output change of another DAC. It is expressed in µV.
REFERENCE FEEDTHROUGH
This is the ratio of the amplitude of the signal at the DAC output to the reference input when the DAC output is not being updated. It is expressed in dBs.
DIGITAL CROSSTALK
This is the glitch impulse transferred to the output of one DAC at midscale in response to a full-scale code change (all 0s to all 1s and vice versa) in the input register of another DAC. It is expressed in nV-secs.
DAC-TO-DAC CROSSTALK
This is the glitch impulse transferred to the output of one DAC due to a digital code change and subsequent output change of another DAC. This includes both digital and analog crosstalk. It is measured by loading one of the DACs with a full-scale code change (all 0s to all 1s and vice versa) with the LDAC bit set low and monitoring the output of another DAC. The energy of the glitch is expressed in nV-secs.
MULTIPLYING BANDWIDTH
The amplifiers within the DAC have a finite bandwidth. The multiplying bandwidth is a measure of this. A sine wave on the reference (with full-scale code loaded to the DAC) appears on the output. The multiplying bandwidth is the frequency at which the output amplitude falls to 3 dB below the input.
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION
This is the difference between an ideal sine wave and its attenuated version using the DAC. The sine wave is used as the reference for the DAC and the THD is a measure of the harmonics present on the DAC output. It is measured in dBs.
GAIN ERROR
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE
NEGATIVE
OFFSET
ERROR
AMPLIFIER
FOOTROOM
(1mV)
NEGATIVE
OFFSET
ERROR
IDEAL
DAC CODE
DEADBAND CODES
OFFSET ERROR
ACTUAL
PLUS
Figure 2. Transfer Function with Negative Offset
MAJOR-CODE TRANSITION GLITCH ENERGY
Major-code transition glitch energy is the energy of the impulse injected into the analog output when the code in the DAC register changes state. It is normally specified as the area of the glitch in nV-secs and is measured when the digital code is changed by 1 LSB at the major carry transition (011 . . . 11 to 100 . . . 00 or 100 . . . 00 to 011 . . . 11).
DIGITAL FEEDTHROUGH
Digital feedthrough is a measure of the impulse injected into the analog output of the DAC from the digital input pins of the device when the DAC output is not being written to (SYNC held high). It is specified in nV-secs and is measured with a worst-case change on the digital input pins, e.g., from all 0s to all 1s or vice versa.
REV. B
–5–
GAIN ERROR
PLUS
OFFSET ERROR
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE
POSITIVE
OFFSET
ACTUAL
IDEAL
DAC CODE
Figure 3. Transfer Function with Positive Offset
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324
1.0
TA = 25ⴗC V
= 5V
DD
0.5
0
INL ERROR – LSBs
–0.5
–1.0
50 250100 150 200
0
CODE
Figure 4. AD5304 Typical INL Plot
0.3 TA = 25ⴗC
= 5V
V
DD
0.2
0.1
0
–0.1
DNL ERROR – LSBs
–0.2
3
TA = 25ⴗC
= 5V
V
DD
2
1
0
–1
INL ERROR – LSBs
2
3
0
200 1000
400 600 800
CODE
Figure 5. AD5314 Typical INL Plot
0.6 TA = 25ⴗC
= 5V
V
DD
0.4
0.2
0
–0.2
DNL ERROR – LSBs
–0.4
12
TA = 25ⴗC
= 5V
V
8
DD
4
0
–4
INL ERROR – LSBs
8
12
0 4000
1000 2000 3000
CODE
Figure 6. AD5324 Typical INL Plot
1
TA = 25ⴗC V
= 5V
DD
0.5
0
DNL ERROR – LSBs
0.5
0.3
0 50 250100 150 200
CODE
Figure 7. AD5304 Typical DNL Plot
0.5
VDD = 5V
= 25ⴗC
T
A
0.25
0
ERROR – LSBs
0.25
0.5
01 5234
MAX INL
MIN DNL
MIN INL
V
REF
MAX DNL
– V
Figure 10. AD5304 INL and DNL Error vs. V
REF
–0.6
2000
CODE
600400
800 1000
Figure 8. AD5314 Typical DNL Plot
0.5
VDD = 5V
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
–0.1
ERROR – LSBs
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
= 3V
V
REF
0
40 0 40
MAX INL
MAX DNL
TEMPERATURE – ⴰC
MIN DNL
MIN INL
80 120
Figure 11. AD5304 INL Error and DNL Error vs. Temperature
–1
10000
2000
CODE
3000 4000
Figure 9. AD5324 Typical DNL Plot
1
VDD = 5V
= 2V
V
REF
0.5
GAIN ERROR
0
ERROR – %
0.5
1
40 0 40
OFFSET ERROR
80 120
TEMPERATURE – ⴰC
Figure 12. AD5304 Offset Error and Gain Error vs. Temperature
–6–
REV. B
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324
V
LOGIC
– Volts
1000
400
0 0.5 4.5
1.5 2.5 3.5
700
600
900
800
I
DD
A
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
500
TA = 25ⴗC
VDD = 5V
VDD = 3V
0.2
TA = 25ⴰC
ERROR – %
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
= 2V
V
REF
0
OFFSET ERROR
01 3
25
VDD – Volts
GAIN ERROR
46
Figure 13. Offset Error and Gain Error vs. V
600
500
400
300
A
DD
I
200
DD
40ⴰC
+25ⴰC
+105ⴰC
5
5V SOURCE
3
– Volts
OUT
2
V
1
0
01 3446
Figure 14. V
3V SOURCE
5V SINK
25
SINK/SOURCE CURRENT – mA
Source and Sink
OUT
3V SINK
Current Capability
0.5
0.4
0.3
A
DD
I
0.2
40ⴰC
25ⴰC
600
TA = 25ⴰC
= 5V
V
DD
500
400
A
300
DD
I
200
100
= 2V
V
REF
0
ZERO – SCALE
FULL – SCALE
CODE
Figure 15. Supply Current vs. DAC Code
100
0
2.5
3.0
3.5 VDD – Volts
4.5 5.5
4.0
Figure 16. Supply Current vs. Supply Voltage
= 25ⴰC
T
A
5µs
= 5V
V
DD
= 5V
V
REF
CH1
V
A
OUT
SCLK
CH2
CH1 1V, CH2 5V, TIME BASE= 1s/DIV
Figure 19. Half-Scale Settling (1/4 to 3/4 Scale Code Change)
5.0
0.1
105ⴰC
0
2.5
3.0 4.0 VDD – Volts
4.5
5.0
5.53.5
Figure 17. Power-Down Current vs. Supply Voltage
TA = 25ⴰC
= 5V
V
DD
= 2V
V
REF
CH1
V
DD
V
A
CH2
CH1 2V, CH2 200mV, TIME BASE = 200s/DIV
OUT
Figure 20. Power-On Reset to 0 V
Figure 18. Supply Current vs. Logic Input Voltage
TA = 25ⴰC
= 5V
V
DD
= 2V
V
REF
CH1
V
A
OUT
SCLK
CH2
CH1 500mV, CH2 5V, TIME BASE= 1␮s/DIV
Figure 21. Exiting Power-Down to Midscale
REV. B
–7–
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324
VDD = 5VVDD = 3V
FREQUENCY
300 350 600400 450 500 550
IDD – A
Figure 22. IDD Histogram with V
= 3 V and VDD = 5 V
DD
0.02
VDD = 5V
= 25ⴗC
T
A
0.01
0
2.50
2.49
– Volts
OUT
V
2.48
2.47 1␮s/DIV
Figure 23. AD5324 Major-Code Transition Glitch Energy
1mV/DIV
10
0
10
20
dB
30
40
50
60
0.01
0.1 1 10 100 1k 10k FREQUENCY – kHz
Figure 24. Multiplying Bandwidth (Small-Signal Frequency Response)
–0.01
FULL-SCALE ERROR – Volts
–0.02
01 3
25
V
REF
46
– Volts
Figure 25. Full-Scale Error vs. V
REF
150ns/DIV
Figure 26. DAC-to-DAC Crosstalk
–8–
REV. B
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 are quad resistor-string DACs fabricated on a CMOS process with resolutions of 8, 10, and 12 bits respectively. Each contains four output buffer amplifiers and is written to via a 3-wire serial interface. They operate from single supplies of 2.5 V to 5.5 V and the output buffer amplifiers provide rail-to-rail output swing with a slew rate of 0.7 V/µs. The four DACs share a single reference input pin. The devices have programmable power-down modes, in which all DACs may be turned off completely with a high-impedance output.
Digital-to-Analog Section
The architecture of one DAC channel consists of a resistor-string DAC followed by an output buffer amplifier. The voltage at the REFIN pin provides the reference voltage for the DAC. Figure 27 shows a block diagram of the DAC architecture. Since the input coding to the DAC is straight binary, the ideal output voltage is given by:
VD
×
V
OUT
REF
=
N
2
where
D = decimal equivalent of the binary code, which is loaded to the DAC register;
0–255 for AD5304 (8 Bits) 0–1023 for AD5314 (10 Bits) 0–4095 for AD5324 (12 Bits)
N = DAC resolution
REFIN
DAC Reference Inputs
There is a single reference input pin for the four DACs. The reference input is unbuffered. The user can have a reference voltage as low as 0.25 V and as high as V
since there is no
DD
restriction due to headroom and footroom of any reference amplifier.
It is recommended to use a buffered reference in the external circuit (e.g., REF192). The input impedance is typically 45 kΩ.
Output Amplifier
The output buffer amplifier is capable of generating rail-to-rail voltages on its output, which gives an output range of 0 V to V
DD
when the reference is VDD. It is capable of driving a load of 2 k to GND or V
in parallel with 500 pF to GND or VDD.
DD,
The source and sink capabilities of the output amplifier can be seen in the plot in Figure 14.
The slew rate is 0.7 V/µs with a half-scale settling time to ± 0.5 LSB (at 8 bits) of 6 µs.
POWER-ON RESET
The AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 are provided with a power-on reset function, so that they power up in a defined state. The power-on state is:
– Normal operation. – Output voltage set to 0 V.
Both input and DAC registers are filled with zeros and remain so until a valid write sequence is made to the device. This is particularly useful in applications where it is important to know the state of the DAC outputs while the device is powering up.
INPUT
REGISTER
DAC
REGISTER
RESISTOR
STRING
OUTPUT BUFFER
AMPLIFIER
V
A
OUT
Figure 27. DAC Channel Architecture
Resistor String
The resistor string section is shown in Figure 28. It is simply a string of resistors, each of value R. The digital code loaded to the DAC register determines at which node on the string the voltage is tapped off to be fed into the output amplifier. The voltage is tapped off by closing one of the switches connecting the string to the amplifier. Because it is a string of resistors, it is guaranteed monotonic.
R
R
R
R
R
TO OUTPUT AMPLIFIER
SERIAL INTERFACE
The AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 are controlled over a versatile, 3-wire serial interface, which operates at clock rates up to 30 MHz and is compatible with SPI, QSPI, MICROWIRE, and DSP interface standards.
Input Shift Register
The input shift register is 16 bits wide. Data is loaded into the device as a 16-bit word under the control of a serial clock input, SCLK. The timing diagram for this operation is shown in Figure 1. The 16-bit word consists of four control bits followed by 8, 10, or 12 bits of DAC data, depending on the device type. Data is loaded MSB first (Bit 15) and the first two bits determine whether the data is for DAC A, DAC B, DAC C, or DAC D. Bits 13 and 12 control the operating mode of the DAC. Bit 13 is PD, which determines whether the part is in normal or power­down mode. Bit 12 is LDAC, which controls when DAC registers and outputs are updated.
Table I. Address Bits for the AD53x4
A1 A0 DAC Addressed
0 0 DAC A 0 1 DAC B 1 0 DAC C 1 1 DAC D
REV. B
Figure 28. Resistor String
–9–
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324
BIT15 (MSB)
A1
A0
LDACPD
D7 D6 D5
D4
DATA BITS
Figure 29. AD5304 Input Shift Register Contents
BIT15 (MSB)
A1
A0
PD
LDAC
D9 D8 D7
D6
DATA BITS
Figure 30. AD5314 Input Shift Register Contents
BIT15 (MSB)
A1
A0
PD
LDAC
D11 D10 D9
D8
Figure 31. AD5324 Input Shift Register Contents
Address and Control Bits
PD: 0: All four DACs go into power-down mode consuming
only 200 nA @ 5 V. The DAC outputs enter a high­impedance state. 1: Normal operation.
LDAC: 0: All four DAC registers and hence all DAC outputs
updated simultaneously on completion of the write sequence. 1: Addressed input register only is updated. There is no change in the content of the DAC registers.
The AD5324 uses all 12 bits of DAC data, the AD5314 uses 10 bits and ignores the two LSBs. The AD5304 uses eight bits and ignores the last four bits. The data format is straight binary, with all zeros corresponding to 0 V output and all ones corre­sponding to full-scale output (V
–1 LSB).
REF
The SYNC input is a level-triggered input that acts as a frame synchronization signal and chip enable. Data can only be trans­ferred into the device while SYNC is low. To start the serial data transfer, SYNC should be taken low, observing the minimum SYNC to SCLK active edge setup time, t
. After SYNC goes low,
4
serial data will be shifted into the device's input shift register on the falling edges of SCLK for sixteen clock pulses. Any data and clock pulses after the sixteenth falling edge of SCLK will be ignored because the SCLK and DIN input buffers are powered down. No further serial data transfer will occur until SYNC is taken high and low again.
SYNC may be taken high after the falling edge of the sixteenth SCLK pulse, observing the minimum SCLK falling edge to SYNC rising edge time, t
.
7
After the end of serial data transfer, data will automatically be transferred from the input shift register to the input register of the selected DAC. If SYNC is taken high before the sixteenth falling edge of SCLK, the data transfer will be aborted and the DAC input registers will not be updated.
When data has been transferred into three of the DAC input registers, all DAC registers and all DAC outputs may simulta­neously be updated by setting LDAC low when writing to the remaining DAC input register.
BIT0 (LSB)
D3 D2 D1
D5 D4 D3
D7 D6 D5
DATA BITS
D0
X
D2
D1 D0
D4
D3 D2 D1 D0
XXX
BIT0 (LSB)
XX
BIT0 (LSB)
Low-Power Serial Interface
To reduce the power consumption of the device even further, the interface only powers up fully when the device is being written to, i.e., on the falling edge of SYNC. As soon as the 16-bit control word has been written to the part, the SCLK and DIN input buffers are powered down. They only power up again following a falling edge of SYNC.
Double-Buffered Interface
The AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 DACs all have double-buffered interfaces consisting of two banks of registers—input registers and DAC registers. The input register is directly connected to the input shift register and the digital code is transferred to the relevant input register on completion of a valid write sequence. The DAC register contains the digital code used by the resis­tor string.
Access to the DAC register is controlled by the LDAC bit. When the LDAC bit is set high, the DAC register is latched and hence the input register may change state without affecting the contents of the DAC register. However, when the LDAC bit is set low, all DAC registers are updated after a complete write sequence.
This is useful if the user requires simultaneous updating of all DAC outputs. The user may write to three of the input registers indi­vidually and then, by setting the LDAC bit low when writing to the remaining DAC input register, all outputs will update simultaneously.
These parts contain an extra feature whereby the DAC register is not updated unless its input register has been updated since the last time that LDAC was brought low. Normally, when LDAC is brought low, the DAC registers are filled with the contents of the input registers. In the case of the AD5304/AD5314/AD5324, the part will only update the DAC register if the input register has been changed since the last time the DAC register was updated, thereby removing unnecessary digital crosstalk.
POWER-DOWN MODE
The AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 have low power consumption, dissipating only 1.5 mW with a 3 V supply and 3 mW with a 5 V supply. Power consumption can be further reduced when the DACs are not in use by putting them into power-down mode, which is selected by a zero on Bit 13 (PD) of the control word.
–10–
REV. B
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324
When the PD bit is set to 1, all DACs work normally with a typical power consumption of 600 µA at 5 V (500 µA at 3 V). However, in power-down mode, the supply current falls to 200 nA at 5 V (80 nA at 3 V) when all DACs are powered down. Not only does the supply current drop, but the output stage is also internally switched from the output of the amplifier making it open-circuit. This has the advantage that the output is three­stated while the part is in power-down mode, and provides a defined input condition for whatever is connected to the output of the DAC amplifier. The output stage is illustrated in Figure 32.
The bias generator, the output amplifier, the resistor string, and all other associated linear circuitry are all shut down when the power-down mode is activated. However, the contents of the registers are unaffected when in power-down. The time to exit power-down is typically 2.5 µs for VDD = 5 V and 5 µs when V
= 3 V. This is the time from the falling edge of the sixteenth
DD
SCLK pulse to when the output voltage deviates from its power­down voltage. See Figure 21 for a plot.
RESISTOR
STRING DAC
AMPLIFIER
POWER-DOWN
CIRCUITRY
V
OUT
Figure 32. Output Stage During Power-Down
MICROPROCESSOR INTERFACING AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 to ADSP-2101/ADSP-2103 Interface
Figure 33 shows a serial interface between the AD5304/AD5314/ AD5324 and the ADSP-2101/ADSP-2103. The ADSP-2101/ ADSP-2103 should be set up to operate in the SPORT Transmit Alternate Framing Mode. The ADSP-2101/ADSP-2103 SPORT is programmed through the SPORT control register and should be configured as follows: Internal Clock Operation, Active-Low Framing, 16-Bit Word Length. Transmission is initiated by writing a word to the Tx register after the SPORT has been enabled. The data is clocked out on each rising edge of the DSP’s serial clock and clocked into the AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 on the falling edge of the DAC’s SCLK.
ADSP-2101/
ADSP-2103*
TFS
DT
SCLK
*ADDITIONAL PINS OMITTED FOR CLARITY.
AD5304/ AD5314/
AD5324*
SYNC
DIN
SCLK
Figure 33. AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 to ADSP-2101/ ADSP-2103 Interface
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 to 68HC11/68L11 Interface
Figure 34 shows a serial interface between the AD5304/AD5314/ AD5324 and the 68HC11/68L11 microcontroller. SCK of the 68HC11/68L11 drives the SCLK of the AD5304/AD5314/ AD5324, while the MOSI output drives the serial data line (DIN) of the DAC. The SYNC signal is derived from a port line (PC7). The setup conditions for correct operation of this interface are as follows: the 68HC11/68L11 should be configured so that its CPOL bit is a 0 and its CPHA bit is a 1. When data is being transmitted to the DAC, the SYNC line is taken low (PC7). When the 68HC11/68L11 is configured as above, data appearing on the MOSI output is valid on the falling edge of SCK. Serial data from the 68HC11/68L11 is transmitted in 8-bit bytes with only eight falling clock edges occurring in the transmit cycle. Data is transmitted MSB first. In order to load data to the AD5304/ AD5314/AD5324, PC7 is left low after the first eight bits are transferred, a second serial write operation is performed to the DAC, and PC7 is taken high at the end of this procedure.
68HC11/68L11*
PC7
SCK
MOSI
*ADDITIONAL PINS OMITTED FOR CLARITY.
AD5304/ AD5314/ AD5324*
SYNC
SCLK
DIN
Figure 34. AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 to 68HC11/68L11 Interface
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 to 80C51/80L51 Interface
Figure 35 shows a serial interface between the AD5304/AD5314/ AD5324 and the 80C51/80L51 microcontroller. The setup for the interface is as follows: TxD of the 80C51/80L51 drives SCLK of the AD5304/AD5314/AD5324, while RxD drives the serial data line of the part. The SYNC signal is again derived from a bit-programmable pin on the port. In this case port line P3.3 is used. When data is to be transmitted to the AD5304/AD5314/ AD5324, P3.3 is taken low. The 80C51/80L51 transmits data only in 8-bit bytes; thus only eight falling clock edges occur in the transmit cycle. To load data to the DAC, P3.3 is left low after the first eight bits are transmitted, and a second write cycle is initiated to transmit the second byte of data. P3.3 is taken high following the completion of this cycle. The 80C51/80L51 outputs the serial data in a format which has the LSB first. The AD5304/ AD5314/AD5324 requires its data with the MSB as the first bit received. The 80C51/80L51 transmit routine should take this into account.
80C51/80L51*
P3.3
TxD
RxD
AD5304/ AD5314/ AD5324*
SYNC
SCLK
DIN
REV. B
*ADDITIONAL PINS OMITTED FOR CLARITY.
Figure 35. AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 to 80C51/80L51 Interface
–11–
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 to MICROWIRE Interface
Figure 36 shows an interface between the AD5304/AD5314/ AD5324 and any MICROWIRE-compatible device. Serial data is shifted out on the falling edge of the serial clock, SK and is clocked into the AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 on the rising edge of SK, which corresponds to the falling edge of the DAC’s SCLK.
MICROWIRE*
CS
SK
SO
*ADDITIONAL PINS OMITTED FOR CLARITY.
AD5304/ AD5314/ AD5324*
SYNC
SCLK
DIN
Figure 36. AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 to MICROWIRE Interface
APPLICATIONS Typical Application Circuit
The AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 can be used with a wide range of reference voltages where the devices offer full, one-quadrant multiplying capability over a reference range of 0 V to V
DD
. More typically, these devices are used with a fixed, precision reference voltage. Suitable references for 5 V operation are the AD780 and REF192 (2.5 V references). For 2.5 V operation, a suitable external reference would be the AD589, a 1.23 V band­gap reference. Figure 37 shows a typical setup for the AD5304/ AD5314/AD5324 when using an external reference.
VDD = 2.5V TO 5.5V
0.1␮F
10F
AD5304/ AD5314/
AD5324
V
IN
V
OUT
EXT REF
AD780/REF192
= 5V
WITH V
DD
OR AD589 WITH
= 2.5V
V
DD
1F
SERIAL
INTERFACE
REFIN
SCLK
DIN
SYNC
A0
GND
V
A
OUT
V
B
OUT
V
C
OUT
D
V
OUT
Figure 37. AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 Using External Reference
If an output range of 0 V to VDD is required, the simplest solu­tion is to connect the reference input to V
. As this supply may
DD
not be very accurate and may be noisy, the AD5304/AD5314/ AD5324 may be powered from the reference voltage; for example, using a 5 V reference such as the REF195. The REF195 will output a steady supply voltage for the AD5304/AD5314/AD5324. The current required from the REF195 is 600 µA supply current and approximately 112 µA into the reference input. This is with no load on the DAC outputs. When the DAC outputs are loaded, the REF195 also needs to supply the current to the loads. The total current required (with a 10 k load on each output) is:
712 µA + 4(5 V/10 kΩ) = 2.70 mA
The load regulation of the REF195 is typically 2 ppm/mA, which results in an error of 5.4 ppm (27 µV) for the 2.7 mA current drawn from it. This corresponds to a 0.0014 LSB error at 8 bits and 0.022 LSB error at 12 bits.
Bipolar Operation Using the AD5304/AD5314/AD5324
The AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 have been designed for single­supply operation, but a bipolar output range is also possible using the circuit in Figure 38. This circuit will give an output voltage range of ±5 V. Rail-to-rail operation at the amplifier output is achievable using an AD820 or an OP295 as the output amplifier.
R2 = 10k
6V TO 16V
10F
REF195
V
IN
GND
R1 = 10k
0.1␮F 5V
V
DD
V
OUT
1F
REFIN
GND
D
AD5304
IN
SCLK
SERIAL
INTERFACE
V
OUT
V
OUT
V
OUT
V
OUT
S
Y
N
+5V
AD820/ OP295
A
–5V
B
C
D
C
5V
Figure 38. Bipolar Operation with the AD5304
The output voltage for any input code can be calculated as follows:
V
= [(REFIN × D/2N) × (R1+R2)/R1 – REFIN × (R2/R1)]
OUT
where:
D is the decimal equivalent of the code loaded to the DAC.
N is the DAC resolution.
REFIN is the reference voltage input.
with:
REFIN = 5 V, R1 = R2 = 10 kΩ:
V
= (10 × D/2N) – 5 V
OUT
Opto-Isolated Interface for Process Control Applications
The AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 have a versatile 3-wire serial interface making them ideal for generating accurate voltages in process control and industrial applications. Due to noise, safety requirements or distance, it may be necessary to isolate the AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 from the controller. This can easily be achieved by using opto-isolators, which will provide isolation in excess of 3 kV. The actual data rate achieved may be limited by the type of optocouplers chosen. The serial loading structure of the AD5304/AD5314/ AD5324 makes them ideally suited for use in opto-isolated applications. Figure 39 shows an opto-iso­lated interface to the AD5304 where DIN, SCLK, and SYNC are driven from optocouplers. The power supply to the part also needs to be isolated. This is done by using a transformer. On the DAC side of the transformer, a 5 V regulator provides the 5 V supply required for the AD5304.
–12–
REV. B
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324
5V
POWER
SCLK
SYNC
DIN
REGULATOR
V
10k
V
10k
V
10k
DD
SCLK
DD
DD
AD5304
SYNC
DIN
V
DD
GND
10F
REFIN
V
OUT
V
OUT
V
OUT
V
OUT
0.1␮F
A
B
C
D
Figure 39. AD5304 in an Opto-Isolated Interface
Decoding Multiple AD5304/AD5314/AD5324s
The SYNC pin on the AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 can be used in applications to decode a number of DACs. In this application, all the DACs in the system receive the same serial clock and serial data, but the SYNC to only one of the devices will be active at any one time, allowing access to four channels in this 16­channel system. The 74HC139 is used as a 2-to-4-line decoder to address any of the DACs in the system. To prevent timing errors, the enable input should be brought to its inactive state while the coded address inputs are changing state. Figure 40 shows a diagram of a typical setup for decoding multiple AD5304 devices in a system.
SCLK
DIN
ENABLE
CODED
ADDRESS
1G
1A
1B
V
DD
V
CC
74HC139
DGND
1Y0
1Y1
1Y2
1Y3
SYNC
DIN
SCLK
SYNC
DIN
SCLK
SYNC
DIN
SCLK
SYNC
DIN
SCLK
AD5304
AD5304
AD5304
AD5304
V
A
OUT
B
V
OUT
C
V
OUT
D
V
OUT
V
A
OUT
V
B
OUT
C
V
OUT
D
V
OUT
V
A
OUT
V
B
OUT
C
V
OUT
D
V
OUT
V
A
OUT
V
B
OUT
C
V
OUT
D
V
OUT
Figure 40. Decoding Multiple AD5304 Devices in a System
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 as a Digitally Programmable Window Detector
A digitally programmable upper/lower limit detector using two of the DACs in the AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 is shown in Figure 41. The upper and lower limits for the test are loaded to DACs A and B which, in turn, set the limits on the CMP04. If the signal at the V
input is not within the programmed window,
IN
an LED will indicate the fail condition. Similarly, DACs C and D can be used for window detection on a second V
5V
V
REF
SYNC
DIN
SCLK
0.1␮F
*ADDITIONAL PINS OMITTED FOR CLARITY
REFIN
SYNC
DIN
SCLK
10F
V
1/2 AD5304/ AD5314/ AD5324*
GND
V
IN
DD
V
A
OUT
V
B
OUT
1/2
CMP04
signal.
IN
1k
FAIL PASS
PASS/FAIL
1/6 74HC05
1k
Figure 41. Window Detection
POWER SUPPLY BYPASSING AND GROUNDING
In any circuit where accuracy is important, careful consideration of the power supply and ground return layout helps to ensure the rated performance. The printed circuit board on which the AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 is mounted should be designed so that the analog and digital sections are separated, and confined to certain areas of the board. If the AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 is in a system where multiple devices require an AGND-to-DGND connection, the connection should be made at one point only. The star ground point should be established as close as possible to the device. The AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 should have ample supply bypassing of 10 µF in parallel with 0.1 µF on the supply located as close to the package as possible, ideally right up against the device. The 10 µF capacitors are the tantalum bead type. The
0.1 µF capacitor should have low Effective Series Resistance (ESR) and Effective Series Inductance (ESI), like the common ceramic types that provide a low impedance path to ground at high frequencies, to handle transient currents due to internal logic switching.
The power supply lines of the AD5304/AD5314/AD5324 should use as large a trace as possible to provide low impedance paths and reduce the effects of glitches on the power supply line. Fast switching signals such as clocks should be shielded with digital ground to avoid radiating noise to other parts of the board, and should never be run near the reference inputs. Avoid crossover of digital and analog signals. Traces on opposite sides of the board should run at right angles to each other. This reduces the effects of feedthrough through the board. A microstrip technique is by far the best, but not always possible with a double-sided board. In this technique, the component side of the board is dedicated to ground plane while signal traces are placed on the solder side.
REV. B
–13–
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324
Table II. Overview of All AD53xx Serial Devices
No. of Settling
Part No. Resolution DACs DNL Interface Time Package Pins
SINGLES
AD5300 8 1 ± 0.25 SPI 4 µs SOT-23, microSOIC 6, 8 AD5310 10 1 ± 0.5 SPI 6 µs SOT-23, microSOIC 6, 8 AD5320 12 1 ± 1.0 SPI 8 µs SOT-23, microSOIC 6, 8
AD5301 8 1 ± 0.25 2-Wire 6 µs SOT-23, microSOIC 6, 8 AD5311 10 1 ± 0.5 2-Wire 7 µs SOT-23, microSOIC 6, 8 AD5321 12 1 ± 1.0 2-Wire 8 µs SOT-23, microSOIC 6, 8
DUALS
AD5302 8 2 ± 0.25 SPI 6 µs microSOIC 8 AD5312 10 2 ± 0.5 SPI 7 µs microSOIC 8 AD5322 12 2 ± 1.0 SPI 8 µs microSOIC 8
AD5303 8 2 ± 0.25 SPI 6 µs TSSOP 16 AD5313 10 2 ± 0.5 SPI 7 µs TSSOP 16 AD5323 12 2 ± 1.0 SPI 8 µs TSSOP 16
QUADS
AD5304 8 4 ± 0.25 SPI 6 µs microSOIC 10 AD5314 10 4 ± 0.5 SPI 7 µs microSOIC 10 AD5324 12 4 ± 1.0 SPI 8 µs microSOIC 10
AD5305 8 4 ± 0.25 2-Wire 6 µs microSOIC 10 AD5315 10 4 ± 0.5 2-Wire 7 µs microSOIC 10 AD5325 12 4 ± 1.0 2-Wire 8 µs microSOIC 10
AD5306 8 4 ± 0.25 2-Wire 6 µs TSSOP 16 AD5316 10 4 ± 0.5 2-Wire 7 µs TSSOP 16 AD5326 12 4 ± 1.0 2-Wire 8 µs TSSOP 16
AD5307 8 4 ± 0.25 SPI 6 µs TSSOP 16 AD5317 10 4 ± 0.5 SPI 7 µs TSSOP 16 AD5327 12 4 ± 1.0 SPI 8 µs TSSOP 16
Visit our web-page at http://www.analog.com/support/standard_linear/selection_guides/AD53xx.html
–14–
REV. B
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
Dimensions shown in inches and (mm).
10-Lead microSOIC
(RM-10)
0.122 (3.10)
0.114 (2.90)
AD5304/AD5314/AD5324
0.122 (3.10)
0.114 (2.90)
0.037 (0.94)
0.031 (0.78)
0.006 (0.15)
0.002 (0.05)
10 6
PIN 1
0.0197 (0.50) BSC
0.120 (3.05)
0.112 (2.85)
51
0.012 (0.30)
0.006 (0.15)
0.199 (5.05)
0.187 (4.75)
0.043 (1.10) MAX
SEATING PLANE
0.009 (0.23)
0.005 (0.13)
0.120 (3.05)
0.112 (2.85)
6 0
C3721a–2.5–6/00 (rev. B) 00929
0.028 (0.70)
0.016 (0.40)
REV. B
PRINTED IN U.S.A.
–15–
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