AD5251: Dual 64-position resolution
AD5252: Dual 256-position resolution
1 kΩ, 10 kΩ, 50 kΩ, 100 kΩ
Nonvolatile memory
Power-on refreshed with EEMEM settings in 300 μs typ
EEMEM rewrite time = 540 μs typ
Resistance tolerance stored in nonvolatile memory
12 extra bytes in EEMEM for user-defined information
2
C-compatible serial interface
I
Direct read/write access of RDAC
Predefined linear increment/decrement commands
Predefined ±6 dB step change commands
Synchronous or asynchronous dual-channel update
Wiper setting readback
4 MHz bandwidth—1 kΩ version
Single supply 2.7 V to 5.5 V
Dual supply ±2.25 V to ±2.75 V
2 slave address decoding bits allow operation of 4 devices
100-year typical data retention, T
Operating temperature: –40°C to +85°C
APPLICATIONS
Mechanical potentiometer replacement
General-purpose DAC replacement
LCD panel V
COM
White LED brightness adjustment
RF base station power amp bias control
Programmable gain and offset control
Programmable voltage-to-current conversion
Programmable power supply
Sensor calibrations
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The AD5251/AD5252 are dual-channel, I2C, nonvolatile memory, digitally controlled potentiometers with 64/256 positions,
respectively. These devices perform the same electronic adjustment functions as mechanical potentiometers, trimmers, and
variable resistors. The parts’ versatile programmability allows
multiple modes of operation, including read/write access in the
RDAC and EEMEM registers, increment/decrement of resistance,
resistance changes in ±6 dB scales, wiper setting readback, and
extra EEMEM for storing user-defined information, such as
memory data for other components, look-up table, or system
identification information.
1
stores wiper setting w/write protection
2
and EEMEM registers
= 55°C
A
adjustment
Memory Digital Potentiometers
AD5251/AD5252
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
V
DD
V
SS
DGND
WP
SCL
SDA
AD0
AD1
I2C
SERIAL
INTERFACE
POWER-
ON RESET
The AD5251/AD5252 allow the host I
any of the 64-/256-step wiper settings in the RDAC registers
and store them in the EEMEM. Once the settings are stored,
they are restored automatically to the RDAC registers at system
power-on; the settings can also be restored dynamically.
The AD5251/AD5252 provide addi
decrement, +6 dB step change, and –6 dB step change in
synchronous or asynchronous channel update mode. The
increment and decrement functions allow stepwise linear
adjustments, with a ± 6 dB step change equivalent to doubling
or halving the RDAC wiper setting. These functions are useful
for steep-slope, nonlinear adjustments, such as white LED
brightness and audio volume control.
The AD5251/AD5252 have a patented resistance-tolerance
s
toring function that allows the user to access the EEMEM and
obtain the absolute end-to-end resistance values of the RDACs
for precision applications.
The AD5251/AD5252 are available in TSSOP-14 packages in
1 kΩ, 10 kΩ, 50
guaranteed to operate over the –40°C to +85°C extended
industrial temperature range.
1
The terms nonvolatile memory and EEMEM are used interchangeably.
2
The terms digital potentiometer and RDAC are used interchangeably.
RDAC EEMEM
EEMEM
POWER-ON
REFRESH
DATA
CONTROL
RAB
TOL
COMMAND
DECODE LOGIC
ADDRESS
DECODE LOGIC
CONTROL LOGIC
Figure 1.
RDAC1
REGIS-
TER
RDAC3
REGIS-
TER
AD5251/
AD5252
2
C controllers to write
tional increment,
kΩ, and 100 kΩ options. All parts are
RDAC1
RDAC3
A1
W1
B1
A3
W3
B3
03823-0-001
Rev. A
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no
responsibility is assumed by Anal og Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or ot her
rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No
license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Input Logic High VIH V
V
Input Logic Low VIL V
Output Logic High (SDA) VOH R
Output Logic Low (SDA) VOL R
I
WP Leakage Current
WP
= 5 V, VSS = 0 V 2.4 V
DD
= 2.7 V/0 V or VDD/VSS = ± 2.5 V 2.1 V
DD/VSS
= 5 V, VSS = 0 V 0.8 V
DD
= 2.2 kΩ to VDD = 5 V, VSS = 0 V 4.9 V
PULL-UP
= 2.2 kΩ to VDD = 5 V, VSS = 0 V 0.4 V
PULL-UP
WP
= VDD
5 μA
A0 Leakage Current IA0 A0 = GND 3 μA
Input Leakage Current
(Other than WP
Input Capacitance
and A0)
5
II V
CI 5 pF
= 0 V or VDD ±1 μA
IN
POWER SUPPLIES
Single-Supply Power Range VDD V
= 0 V 2.7 5.5 V
SS
Dual-Supply Power Range VDD/VSS ±2.25 ±2.75 V
Positive Supply Current IDD V
Negative Supply Current ISS
EEMEM Data Storing Mode Current I
EEMEM Data Restoring Mode
Power Dissipation
Current
6
7
V
DD_STORE
I
DD_RESTORE
P
V
V
DISS
= VDD or VIL = GND 5 15 μA
IH
= VDD or VIL = GND, VDD = 2.5 V,
V
IH
= –2.5 V
V
SS
= VDD or VIL = GND 35 mA
IH
= VDD or VIL = GND 2.5 mA
IH
= VDD = 5 V or VIL = GND 0.075 mW
IH
–5 –15 μA
Power Supply Sensitivity PSS ΔVDD = 5 V ± 10% −0.025 +0.010 +0.025 %/%
ΔVDD = 3 V ± 10% –0.04 +0.02 +0.04 %/%
DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS
5, 8
Bandwidth –3 dB BW RAB = 1 kΩ 4 MHz
Total Harmonic Distortion THD VA = 1 V rms, VB = 0 V, f = 1 kHz 0.05 %
VW Settling Time tS V
Resistor Noise Voltage e
N_WB
= VDD, VB = 0 V 0.2 μs
A
= 500 Ω, f = 1 kHz
R
WB
3
nV/√Hz
(thermal noise only)
Digital Crosstalk CT
= VDD, VB = 0 V, measure VW with
V
A
–80 dB
adjacent RDAC making full-scale
change
Analog Coupling CAT
1
Typical values represent average readings at 25°C and VDD = 5 V.
2
Resistor position nonlinearity error (R-INL) is the deviation from an ideal value measured between the maximum and minimum resistance wiper positions. R-DNL is the
relative step change from an ideal value measured between successive tap positions. Parts are guaranteed monotonic, except R-DNL of AD52521 kΩ version at V
2.7 V, IW = VDD/R for both VDD = 3 V and VDD = 5 V.
3
INL and DNL are measured at VW with the RDAC configured as a potentiometer divider, similar to a voltage output digital-to-analog converter. VA = VDD and VB = 0 V.
DNL specification limits of ±1 LSB maximum are guaranteed monotonic operating conditions.
4
Resistor Terminal A, Terminal B, and Terminal W have no limitations on polarity with respect to each other.
5
Guaranteed by design and not subject to production test.
6
Command 0 NOP should be activated after Command 1 to minimize I
7
P
is calculated from IDD × VDD = 5 V.
DISS
8
All dynamic characteristics use VDD = 5 V.
Signal input at A1 and measure the
output a
current consumption.
DD_READ
t W3, f = 1 kHz
–72 dB
=
DD
Rev. A | Page 4 of 28
AD5251/AD5252
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
10 kΩ, 50 kΩ, 100 kΩ VERSIONS
VDD = +3 V ± 10% or +5 V ± 10%, VSS = 0 V or VDD/VSS = ± 2.5 V ± 10%, VA = VDD, VB = 0 V, –40°C < TA < +85°C, unless otherwise noted.
Table 2.
ParameterSymbolConditionsMinTyp
DC CHARACTERISTICS—
Typical values represent average readings at 25°C and VDD = 5 V.
2
Resistor position nonlinearity error (R-INL) is the deviation from an ideal value measured between the maximum and minimum resistance wiper positions. R-DNL is the
relative step change from an ideal value measured between successive tap positions. Parts are guaranteed monotonic, except R-DNL of AD52521 kΩ version at VDD = 2.7 V,
IW = VDD/R for both VDD = 3 V and VDD = 5 V.
3
INL and DNL are measured at VW with the RDAC configured as a potentiometer divider, similar to a voltage output DAC. VA = VDD and VB = 0 V. DNL specification limits
of ±1 LSB maximum are guaranteed monotonic operating conditions.
4
Resistor Terminal A, Terminal B, and Terminal W have no limitations on polarity with respect to each other.
5
Guaranteed by design and not subject to production test.
6
Command 0 NOP should be activated after Command 1 to minimize I
7
P
is calculated from IDD × VDD = 5 V.
DISS
8
All dynamic characteristics use VDD = 5 V.
Signal input at A1 and measure
output a
DD_READ
t W3, f = 1 kHz
current consumption.
−72 dB
Rev. A | Page 6 of 28
AD5251/AD5252
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
INTERFACE TIMING CHARACTERISTICS
All input control voltages are specified with tR = tF = 2.5 ns (10% to 90% of 3 V) and timed from a voltage level of 1.5 V. Switching
characteristics are measured using both V
Table 3. Interface Timing and EEMEM Reliability Characteristics (All Parts)
Parameter Symbol Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
INTERFACE TIMING
SCL Clock Frequency f
t
Bus-Free Time Between Stop and Start t1 1.3 μs
BUF
t
Hold Time (Repeated Start) t2
HD;STA
t
Low Period of SCL Clock t3 1.3
LOW
t
High Period of SCL Clock t4 0.6
HIGH
t
Set-up Time for Start Condition t5 0.6
SU;STA
t
Data Hold Time t6 0 0.9 μs
HD;DAT
t
Data Set-up Time t7 100
SU;DAT
tF Fall Time of Both SDA and SCL Signals t8
tR Rise Time of Both SDA and SCL Signals t9
t
Set-up Time for Stop Condition t10 0.6 μs
SU;STO
EEMEM Data Storing Time t
EEMEM Data Restoring Time at Power-On
EEMEM Data Restoring Time upon Restore
Command or Reset Operation
2
EEMEM Data Rewritable Time (Delay Time
After Power-On or Reset Before EEMEM
Can Be Written)
FLASH/EE MEMORY RELIABILITY
Endurance
Data Retention
1
Guaranteed by design; not subject to production test. See Figure 23 for location of measured values.
2
During power-up, all outputs are preset to midscale before restoring the EEMEM contents. RDAC0 has the shortest EEMEM data restoring time, whereas RDAC3 has the longest.
3
Endurance is qualified to 100,000 cycles per JEDEC Standard 22, Method A117, and measured at −40°C, +25°C, and +85°C; typical endurance at +25°C is 700,000 cycles.
4
Retention lifetime equivalent at junction temperature TJ = 55°C per JEDEC Std. 22, Method A117. Retention lifetime based on an activation energy of 0.6 eV derates
with junction temperature in Flash/EE memory.
3
4
= 3 V and 5 V.
DD
SCL
2
EEMEM_STORE
t
EEMEM_RESTORE1
t
EEMEM_RESTORE2
t
EEMEM_REWRITE
100 k cycles
100 Years
1
400 kHz
After this period, the first clock pulse is
ated.
gener
0.6
300 ns
300 ns
μs
μs
μs
μs
ns
26 ms
rise time dependent. Measure
V
DD
without decoupling capacitors at V
and V
.
SS
300 μs
DD
VDD = 5 V. 300 μs
540 μs
Rev. A | Page 7 of 28
AD5251/AD5252
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.
Table 4.
Parameter Rating
VDD to GND −0.3 V, +7 V
VSS to GND +0.3 V, −7 V
VDD to VSS 7 V
VA, VB, VW to GND VSS, VDD
Maximum Current
IWB, IWA Pulsed ±20 mA
IWB Continuous (RWB ≤ 1 kΩ, A Open)
IWA Continuous (RWA ≤ 1 kΩ, B Open)1 ±5 mA
IAB Continuous
(R
= 1 kΩ/10 kΩ/50 kΩ/100 kΩ)1
AB
Digital Inputs and Output Voltage to GND 0 V, 7 V
Operating Temperature Range −40°C to +85°C
Maximum Junction Temperature (T
Storage Temperature Range −65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) 300°C
Vapor Phase (60 sec) 215°C
Infrared (15 sec) 220°C
TSSOP-14 Thermal Resistance2 θJA 136°C/W
1
Maximum terminal current is bound by the maximum applied voltage across
any two of the A, B, and W terminals at a given resistance, the maximum
current handling of the switches, and the maximum power dissipation of the
package. VDD = 5 V.
2
Package power dissipation = (T
− TA)/θJA.
JMAX
1
±5 mA
±5 mA/±500 μA/
±100 μA/±50 μA
) 150°C
JMAX
Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings
may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress
rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any
other conditions above those indicated in the operational
section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute
maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect
device reliability.
ESD CAUTION
ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily accumulate on
the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although this product features
proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices subjected to high energy
electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are recommended to avoid performance
degradation or loss of functionality.
Rev. A | Page 8 of 28
AD5251/AD5252
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
V
AD0
WP
W1
B1
A1
SDA
DD
1
2
AD5251/
3
AD5252
4
TOP VIEW
(Not to Scale)
5
6
7
14
W3
13
B3
12
A3
11
AD1
10
DGND
9
SCL
8
V
SS
03823-0-002
Figure 2. Pin Configuration
Table 5. Pin Function Descriptions
Pin No. Mnemonic Description
1 VDD
Positive Power Supply Pin. Connect +2.7 V to +5 V for single supply or ±2.7 V for dual supply, where
VDD – VSS ≤ 5.5 V. VDD must be able to source 35 mA for 26 ms when storing data to EEMEM.
2 AD0 I2C Device Address 0. AD0 and AD1 allow four AD5251/AD5252 devices to be addressed.
3
WP
4 W1 Wiper Terminal of RDAC1. VSS ≤ VW1 ≤ VDD.
5 B1 B Terminal of RDAC1. VSS ≤ VB1 ≤ VDD.
6 A1 A Terminal of RDAC1. VSS ≤ VA1 ≤ VDD.
7 SDA
Write Protect, Active Low. VWP ≤ VDD + 0.3 V.
1
1
1
Serial Data Input/Output Pin. Shifts in one bit a
t a time upon positive clock edges. MSB loaded first.
Open-drain MOSFET requires pull-up resistor.
8 VSS
Negative Supply. Connect to 0 V for single supply or –2.7 V for dual supply, where V
V
9 SCL
Serial Input Register Clock Pin. Shifts in one bit at a time upon positiv
is used in dual supply, VSS must be able to sink 35 mA for 26 ms when storing data to EEMEM.
SS
e clock edges. V
– VSS ≤ +5.5 V. If
DD
SCL
Pull-up resistor is recommended for SCL to ensure minimum power.
10 DGND Digital Ground. Connect to system analog ground at a single point.
11 AD1 I2C Device Address 1. AD0 and AD1 allow four AD5251/AD5252 devices to be addressed.
12 A3 A Terminal of RDAC3. VSS ≤ VA3 ≤ VDD.
13 B3 B Terminal of RDAC3. VSS ≤ VB3 ≤ VDD.
14 W3 Wiper Terminal of RDAC3. VSS ≤ VW3 ≤ VDD.
1
For quad-channel device software compatibility, the dual potentiometers in the parts are designated as RDAC1 and RDAC3.
1
1
1
≤ (VDD + 0.3 V).
Rev. A | Page 9 of 28
AD5251/AD5252
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
R-INL (LSB)
–0.2
–0.4
–0.6
–0.8
–1.0
0326496128160192224256
TA= –40°C, +25°C, +85°C, +125°C
CODE (Decimal)
Figure 3. R-INL vs. Code
03823-0-015
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
–0.2
DNL (LSB)
–0.4
–0.6
–0.8
–1.0
0326496128160192224256
T
= –40°C, +25°C, +85°C, +125°C
A
CODE (Decimal)
Figure 6. DNL vs. Code
03823-0-018
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
R-DNL (LSB)
–0.2
–0.4
–0.6
–0.8
–1.0
0326496128160192224256
TA = –40°C, +25°C, +85°C, +125°C
CODE (Decimal)
Figure 4. R-DNL vs. Code
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
INL (LSB)
–0.2
–0.4
–0.6
–0.8
–1.0
0326496128160192224256
T
= –40°C, +25°C, +85°C, +125°C
A
CODE (Decimal)
Figure 5. INL vs. Code
03823-0-016
03823-0-017
10
8
6
4
2
(μA)
0
DD
I
–2
–4
–6
–8
–10
–40–20020406080100120
IDD @ VDD= 5.5V
IDD @ VDD= 2.7V
ISS @ VDD= 2.7V, VSS= –2.7V
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 7. Supply Current vs. Temperature
10
1
0.1
(mA)
DD
I
0.01
VDD= 2.7V
0.001
0.0001
0123456
DIGITAL INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 8. Supply Current vs. Digital Input Voltage, T
VDD= 5.5V
A
= 25°C
03823-0-019
03823-0-020
Rev. A | Page 10 of 28
AD5251/AD5252
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
240
220
200
180
160
140
(Ω)
120
WB
R
100
80
60
40
20
0
1023456
VDD= 2.7V
= 25°C
T
A
V
BIAS
(V)
Figure 9. Wiper Resistance vs. V
VDD= 5.5V
= 25°C
T
A
DATA = 0x00
BIAS
03823-0-021
30
VDD= 5V
T
= –40°C/+85°C
25
20
15
10
5
POTENTIOMETER MODE TEMPCO (ppm/°C)
0
0326496128160192224256
CODE (Decimal)
A
V
= V
A
VB= 0V
DD
Figure 12. AD5252 Potentiometer Mode Tempco ∆V
/∆T vs. Code
WB
03823-0-024
6
4
2
(%)
WB
0
ΔR
–2
–4
–6
–40–20020406080100120
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 10. Change of R
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
RHEOSTAT MODE TEMPCO (ppm/°C)
10
0
0326496128160192224256
CODE (Decimal)
Figure 11. AD5252 Rheostat Mode Tempco ∆R
vs. Temperature
WB
VDD= 5V
T
= –40°C/+85°C
A
V
= V
A
DD
VB= 0V
WB
/∆T vs. Code
03823-0-022
03823-0-023
0
–6
–12
–18
–24
–30
0x08
GAIN (dB)
–36
–42
–48
–54
–60
0x04
0x02
1k10k10100100k1M10M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
0x40
0x20
0x10
0x01
Figure 13. AD5252 Gain vs. Frequency vs. Code, R
0
–6
–12
–18
–24
–30
GAIN (dB)
–36
–42
–48
–54
–60
0xFF
0x80
0x40
0x20
0x10
0x08
0x04
0x01
0x00
0x02
1k10k10100100k1M10M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 14. AD5252 Gain vs. Frequency vs. Code, R
0xFF
0x80
0x00
= 1 kΩ, TA = 25°C
AB
= 10 kΩ , TA = 25°C
AB
03823-0-025
03823-0-026
Rev. A | Page 11 of 28
AD5251/AD5252
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
0
–6
–12
–18
–24
–30
GAIN (dB)
–36
–42
–48
–54
–60
Figure 15. AD5252 Gain vs. Frequency vs. Code, R
0xFF
0x80
0x40
0x20
0x10
0x08
0x04
0x01
0x00
0x02
1k10k10100100k1M10M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
= 50 kΩ , TA = 25°C
AB
03823-0-026
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
(mA)
DD
I
0.4
0.2
0
1100101k10k100k1M10M
CLOCK FREQUENCY (Hz)
TA= 25°C
VDD= 5.5V
VDD= 2.7V
Figure 18. Supply Current vs. Digital Input Clock Frequency
03823-0-030
0
–6
–12
–18
–24
–30
GAIN (dB)
–36
–42
–48
–54
–60
Figure 16. AD5252 Gain vs. Frequency vs. Code, R
100
80
60
40
20
(Ω)
0
AB
–20
ΔR
–40
–60
–80
–100
0326496128160192224256
Figure 17. AD5252 ΔR
0x80
0x40
0x20
0x10
0x08
0x04
0x02
0x01
1k10k10100100k1M10M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
AB
100kΩ
10kΩ
1kΩ
50kΩ
CODE (Decimal)
vs. Code, TA = 25°C
AB
0xFF
0x00
= 100 kΩ , TA = 25°C
VDD = 5.5V
03823-0-028
03823-0-029
CLK
V
DD
V
W
DIGITAL FEEDTHROUGH
400ns/DIV
Figure 19. Clock Feedthrough and Midscale Transition Glitch
V
DD
(NO DECOUPLING
CAPS)
V
WB1
(0x3F
STORED
IN EEMEM)
V
WB3
(0x3F
STORED
IN EEMEM)
MIDSCALE
PRESET
MIDSCALE
PRESET
Figure 20. t
RESTORE RDAC1
SETTING TO 0x3F
EEMEM_RESTORE
RESTORE RDAC3
SETTING TO 0x3F
VDD = VA1 = VA3 = 3.3V
GND = VB1 = VB3
of RDAC0 and RDAC3
= 5V
03823-0-031
03823-0-032
Rev. A | Page 12 of 28
AD5251/AD5252
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
6
6
5
(mA)
4
WB_MAX
3
RAB= 10kΩ
RAB= 50kΩ
RAB= 100kΩ
0816243240485664
THEORETICAL I
2
1
0
RAB= 1kΩ
CODE (Decimal)
Figure 21. AD5251 I
vs. Code Figure 22. AD5252 I
WB_MAX
VA= VB= OPEN
T
=25°C
A
03823-0-033
5
(mA)
4
WB_MAX
3
2
THEORETICAL I
1
0
0326496128160192224256
RAB= 10kΩ
RAB= 50kΩ
RAB= 100kΩ
RAB= 1kΩ
CODE (Decimal)
WB_MAX
VA= VB= OPEN
T
=25°C
A
vs. Code
03823-0-034
Rev. A | Page 13 of 28
AD5251/AD5252
A
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
I2C INTERFACE
SCL
t
t
8
t
t
6
9
2
t
2
3
t
8
SD
t
t
1
PSS
I2C INTERFACE GENERAL DESCRIPTION
FROM MASTER TO SLAVE
FROM SLAVE TO MASTER
S = START CONDITION
P = STOP CONDITION
A = ACKNOWLEDGE (SDA LOW)
A = NOT ACKNOWLEDGE (SDA HIGH)
R/W = READ ENABLE AT HIGH AND WRITE ENABLE AT LOW
SLAVE ADDRESS
(7-BIT)
R/WA/AS
0 WRITE
t
9
Figure 23. I
A
Figure 24. I
t
4
2
C Interface Timing Diagram
INSTRUCTIONS
2
C—Master Writing Data to Slave
(8-BIT)
t
7
A
DATA TRANSFERRED
(N BYTES + ACKNOWLEDGE)
P
P
03823-0-004
t
10
03823-0-003
t
5
DATA
(8-BIT)
SLAVE ADDRESS
(7-BIT)
R/WAS
1 READ
Figure 25. I
DATA
(8-BIT)
(N BYTES + ACKNOWLEDGE)
2
C—Master Reading Data from Slave
AA
DATA TRANSFERRED
DATA
(8-BIT)
P
03823-0-005
SLAVE ADDRESS
(7-BIT)
R/WR/WS
A
READ OR WRITE(N BYTES +
DATA
ACKNOWLEDGE)
Figure 26. I
A/A
S
SLAVE ADDRESS
REPEATED STARTREAD
DIRECTION OF TRANSFER MAY
2
C—Combined Write/Read
A
OR WRITE
CHANGE AT THIS POINT
DATA
(N BYTES +
ACKNOWLEDGE)
A/A
P
03823-0-006
Rev. A | Page 14 of 28
AD5251/AD5252
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
I2C INTERFACE DETAIL DESCRIPTION
FROM MASTER TO SLAVE
FROM SLAVE TO MASTER
S = START CONDITION
P = STOP CONDITION
A = ACKNOWLEDGE (SDA LOW)
A = NOT ACKNOWLEDGE (SDA HIGH)
R/W = READ ENABLE AT HIGH AND WRITE ENABLE AT LOW
CMD/REG = COMMAND ENABLE BIT, LOGIC HIGH/REGISTER ACCESS BIT, LOGIC LOW
EE/RDAC = EEMEM REGISTER, LOGIC HIGH/RDAC REGISTER, LOGIC LOW
A4, A3, A2, A1, A0 = RDAC/EEMEM REGISTER ADDRESSES
S 0 1 0 1 1 A
A
D
D
1
0
0 AA4A3A2A1A0APDATA0
CMD/
REG
EE/
RDAC
A/
A
SLAVE ADDRESSINSTRUCTIONS
0 WRITE
0 REG
AND ADDRESS
(1 BYTE +
ACKNOWLEDGE)
03823-0-007
Figure 27. Single Write Mode
S 0 1 0 1 1 A
RDAC SLAVE ADDRESSRDAC INSTRUCTIONS
A
0 AA4A3A2A1A
D
D
1
0
0 WRITE
CMD/
REG
0 REG
0
EE/
RDAC
AND ADDRESS
Figure 28. Consecutive Write Mode
RDAC3
0
DATA
AX
DATA
(N BYTES +
ACKNOWLEDGE)
DATA
A/
PAARDAC1
A
03823-0-008
Table 6. Addresses for Writing Data Byte Contents to RDAC Registers (R/
Setting the wiper position requires an RDAC write operation.
The single write operation is shown in Figure 27, and the
co
nsecutive write operation is shown in Figure 28. In the
nsecutive write operation, if the
co
address starts at 00001, the first data byte goes to RDAC1 and
the second data byte goes to RDAC3. The RDAC address is
shown in
While the RDAC wiper setting is controlled by a specific RDAC
egister, each RDAC register corresponds to a specific EEMEM
r
location, which provides nonvolatile wiper storage functionality.
The addresses are shown in
wr
There are 12 nonvolatile memory locations: EEMEM4 to
EEMEM15. U
such as memory data for other components, look-up tables, or
system identification information.
In a write operation to the EEMEM registers, the device disables
th
polling is required to determine the completion of the write
cycle. See the
Tabl e 6.
Tabl e 7 . The single and consecutive
ite operations also apply to EEMEM write operations.
sers can store a total of 12 bytes of information,
2
C interface during the internal write cycle. Acknowledge
e I
EEMEM Write-Acknowledge Polling section.
RDAC/EEMEM Read
The AD5251/AD5252 provide two different RDAC or EEMEM
read operations. For example, Figure 29 shows the method of
eading the RDAC0 to RDAC3 contents without specifying the
r
address, assuming Address RDAC0 was already selected in the
previous operation. If an RDAC_N address other than RDAC0
was previously selected, readback starts with Address N, followed
by N + 1, and so on.
Figure 30 illustrates a random RDAC or EEMEM read
peration. This operation allows users to specify which RDAC
o
or EEMEM register is read by issuing a dummy write command
to change the RDAC address pointer and then proceeding with
the RDAC read operation at the new address location.
is selected and the
RDAC
Table 7. Addresses for Writing (Storing) RDAC Settings
User-Defined Data to EEMEM Registers
and
(R/
= 0, CMD/
W
A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
0 0 0 0 0 Reserved
0 0 0 0 1 Store RDAC1 setting to EEMEM1
0 0 0 1 0 Reserved
0 0 0 1 1 Store RDAC3 setting to EEMEM3
0 0 1 0 0 Store user data to EEMEM4
0 0 1 0 1 Store user data to EEMEM5
0 0 1 1 0 Store user data to EEMEM6
0 0 1 1 1 Store user data to EEMEM7
0 1 0 0 0 Store user data to EEMEM8
0 1 0 0 1 Store user data to EEMEM9
0 1 0 1 0 Store user data to EEMEM10
0 1 0 1 1 Store user data to EEMEM11
0 1 1 0 0 Store user data to EEMEM12
0 1 1 0 1 Store user data to EEMEM13
0 1 1 1 0 Store user data to EEMEM14
0 1 1 1 1 Store user data to EEMEM15
Table 8. Addresses for Reading (Restoring) RDAC Settings
and User
(R/
A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
0 0 0 0 0 Reserved
0 0 0 0 1 Read RDAC1 setting from EEMEM1
0 0 0 1 0 Reserved
0 0 0 1 1 Read RDAC3 setting from EEMEM3
0 0 1 0 0 Read user data from EEMEM4
0 0 1 0 1 Read user data from EEMEM5
0 0 1 1 0 Read user data from EEMEM6
0 0 1 1 1 Read user data from EEMEM7
0 1 0 0 0 Read user data from EEMEM8
0 1 0 0 1 Read user data from EEMEM9
0 1 0 1 0 Read user data from EEMEM10
0 1 0 1 1 Read user data from EEMEM11
0 1 1 0 0 Read user data from EEMEM12
0 1 1 0 1 Read user data from EEMEM13
0 1 1 1 0 Read user data from EEMEM14
0 1 1 1 1 Read user data from EEMEM15
1
Users can store any of the 64 RDAC settings directly to the EEMEM for AD5251,
or any of the 256 RDAC settings directly to the EEMEM for the AD5252. This
is not limited to current RDAC wiper setting
Data from EEMEM
= 1, CMD/
W
REG
REG
= 0, EE/
= 0, EE/
RDAC
Data Byte Description
RDAC
Data Byte Description
= 1)
1
= 1)
1
Rev. A | Page 16 of 28
AD5251/AD5252
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S 0 1 0 1 1 A
SLAVE ADDRESS(N BYTES + ACKNOWLEDGE)
A
1 APARDAC1
D
D
1
0
1 READ
EEMEM OR REGISTER DATA
Figure 29. RDAC Current Read (Restricted to Previo
DATA
AX
RDAC3
EEMEM OR REGISTER DATA
usly Selected Address Stored in the Register)
A/
A
03823-0-009
A0A
0 WRITE
ADDRESS
REPEATED START1 READ
SLAVE ADDRESSINSTRUCTION AND
Figure 30. RDAC or EEMEM Random Read
A1S
RDAC OR
EEMEM DATA
(N BYTES + ACKNOWLEDGE)
A/A
PSSLAVE ADDRESS
03823-0-010
FROM MASTER TO SLAVE
FROM SLAVE TO MASTER
S = START CONDITION
P = STOP CONDITION
A = ACKNOWLEDGE (SDA LOW)
A = NOT ACKNOWLEDGE (SDA HIGH)
AD1, AD0 = I
R/W = READ ENABLE BIT, LOGIC HIGH/WRITE ENABLE BIT, LOGIC LOW
CMD/REG = COMMAND ENABLE BIT, LOGIC HIGH/REGISTER ACCESS BIT, LOGIC LOW
C3, C2, C1, C0 = COMMAND BITS
A2, A1, A0 = RDAC/EEMEM REGISTER ADDRESSES
S 0 1 0 1 1 A
2
C DEVICE ADDRESS BITS; MUST MATCH WITH THE LOGIC STATES AT PINS AD1, AD0
A
D
D
1
0
CMD/
0 AC3C2C1C0A2A1A0A P
REG
RDAC SLAVE ADDRESS
0 WRITE
1 CMD
03823-0-011
Figure 31. RDAC Quick Command Write (Dummy Write)
Rev. A | Page 17 of 28
AD5251/AD5252
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RDAC/EEMEM Quick Commands
The AD5251/AD5252 feature 12 quick commands that facilitate
easy manipulation of RDAC wiper settings and provide RDACto-EEMEM storing and restoring functions. The command
format is shown in
shown in Ta b le 9 .
are
Figure 31, and the command descriptions
When using a quick command, issuing a third byte is not
eded, but is allowed. The quick commands reset and store
ne
RDAC to EEMEM require acknowledge polling to determine
whether the command has finished executing.
RAB Tolerance Stored in Read-Only Memory
The AD5251/AD5252 feature patented RAB tolerances storage in
the nonvolatile memory. The tolerance of each channel is stored
in the memory during the factory production and can be read
by users at any time. The knowledge of the stored tolerance,
which is the average of R
users to predict R
AB
over all codes (see Figure 16), allows
AB
accurately. This feature is valuable for
precision, rheostat mode, and open-loop applications in which
knowledge of absolute resistance is critical.
The stored tolerances reside in the read-only memory and are
xpressed as percentages. Each tolerance is stored in two memory
e
locations (see Table 1 0 ). The tolerance data is expressed in sign
ma
gnitude binary format stored in two bytes; an example is shown
in
Figure 32. For the first byte in Register N, the MSB is
esignated for the sign (0 = + and 1 = –) and the 7 LSB is
d
designated for the integer portion of the tolerance. For the
second byte in Register N + 1, all eight data bits are designated
Table 9. RDAC-to-EEMEM Interface and RDAC Op
C3 C2 C1 C0 Command Description
0 0 0 0 NOP
0 0 0 1 Restore EEMEM (A1, A0) to RDAC (A1, A0)
0 0 1 0 Store RDAC (A1, A0) to EEMEM (A1, A0)
0 0 1 1 Decrement RDAC (A1, A0) 6 dB
0 1 0 0 Decrement all RDACs 6 dB
0 1 0 1 Decrement RDAC (A1, A0) one step
0 1 1 0 Decrement all RDACs one step
0 1 1 1 Reset: restore EEMEMs to all RDACs
1 0 0 0 Increment RDACs (A1, A0) 6 dB
1 0 0 1 Increment all RDACs 6 dB
1 0 1 0 Increment RDACs (A1, A0) one step
1 0 1 1 Increment all RDACs one step
1 1 0 0 Reserved
: : : : :
: : : : :
1 1 1 1 Reserved
1
This command leaves the device in the EEMEM read power state, which consumes power. Issue the NOP command to return the device to its idle state.
eration Quick Command Bits (CMD/
for the decimal portion of tolerance. As shown in
Figure 32, for example, if the rated R
is 10 kΩ and the data
AB
readback from Address 11000 shows 0001 1100 and
Address 11001 shows 0000 1111, then RDAC0 tolerance can be
calculated as
MSB: 0 = +
ext 7 MSB: 001 1100 = 28
N
8 LSB: 0000 1111 = 15 × 2
–8
= 0.06
Tolerance = 28.06% and, therefore,
R
AB_ACTUAL
= 12.806 kΩ
EEMEM Write-Acknowledge Polling
After each write operation to the EEMEM registers, an internal
write cycle begins. The I
2
C interface of the device is disabled. To
determine if the internal write cycle is complete and the I
interface is enabled, interface polling can be executed. I
interface polling can be conducted by sending a start condition,
followed by the slave address and the write bit. If the I
interface responds with an ACK, the write cycle is complete and
the interface is ready to proceed with further operations. Other-
2
wise, I
C interface polling can be repeated until it succeeds.
Command 2 and Command 7 also require acknowledge polling.
EEMEM Write Protection
Setting the WP pin to logic low after EEMEM programming
protects the memory and RDAC registers from future write
operations. In this mode, the EEMEM and RDAC read
operations function as normal.
= 1, A2 = 0)
REG
1
Tabl e 10 and
2
C
2
C
2
C
Rev. A | Page 18 of 28
AD5251/AD5252
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
Table 10. Address Table for Reading Tolerance (CMD/
:
Reserved
Sign and 7-bit integer values of RDAC1 tolerance (read only)
8-bit decimal value of RDAC1 tolerance (read only)
Reserved
Reserved
Sign and 7-bit integer values of RDAC3 tolerance (read only)
1 1 1 1 1 8-bit decimal value of RDAC3 tolerance (read only)
AA
D7D6D5D4D3D2D1D0
6252423222120
SIGN
2
REG
= 0, EE/
= 1, A4 = 1)
RDAC
D7D6D5D4D3D2D1D0
2–12–22–32–42–52–62
A
–8
–7
2
SIGN
Figure 32. Format of Stored Tolerance in Sign Magnitude Format with Bi
7 BITS FOR INTEGER NUMBER
8 BITS FOR DECIMAL NUMBER
t Position Descriptions (Unit Is Percent, Only Data Bytes Are Shown)
03823-0-012
Rev. A | Page 19 of 28
AD5251/AD5252
A
Y
XXXXXXX
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I2C-COMPATIBLE 2-WIRE SERIAL BUS
1
SCL
1
11
0
SLAVE ADDRESS BYTE
SCL
SDA
FRAME 1
AD1
1
1
0
SLAVE ADDRESS BYTE
AD0
START B
MASTER
SD
0
START BY
MASTER
The first byte of the AD5251/AD5252 is a slave address byte
(see Figure 33 and Figure 34). It has a 7-bit slave address and an
R/
bit. The 5 MSB of the slave address is 01011, and the next
W
2 LSB is determined by the states of the AD1 and AD0 pins.
AD1 and AD0 allow the user to place up to four
AD5251/AD5252 devices on one bus.
AD5251/AD5252 can be controlled via an I
bus and are connected to this bus as slave devices. The 2-wire
2
I
C serial bus protocol (see Figure 33 and Figure 34) follows:
1. The mast
er initiates a data transfer by establishing a start
condition, such that SDA goes from high to low while SCL
is high (see Figure 33). The following byte is the slave address
yte, which consists of the 5 MSB of a slave address defined
b
as 01011. The next two bits are AD1 and AD0, I
address bits. Depending on the states of their AD1 and
AD0 bits, four AD5251/AD5252 devices can be addressed
on the same bus. The last LSB, the R/
W
whether data is read from or written to the slave device.
The slave whose address corresponds to the transmitted
ess responds by pulling the SDA line low during the
addr
ninth clock pulse (this is called an acknowledge bit). At
this stage, all other devices on the bus remain idle while
the selected device waits for data to be written to or read
from its serial register.
2. I
n the write mode (except when restoring EEMEM to the
RDAC register), there is an instruction byte that follows
the slave address byte. The MSB of the instruction byte is
labeled CMD/
. MSB = 1 enables CMD, the command
REG
instruction byte; MSB = 0 enables general register writing.
The third MSB in the instruction byte, labeled EE/
is true when MSB = 0 or when the device is in general
writing mode. EE enables the EEMEM register, and REG
enables the RDAC register. The 5 LSB, A4 to A0, designates
91
X
R/W
ACK. BY
AD525x
Figure 33. General I
0
11
FRAME 1
2
C-compatible serial
AD0
AD1
Figure 34. General I
2
C device
bit, determines
RDAC
INSTRUCTION BYTE
,
9
1
D6 D5
D7
ACK. BY
AD525x
FRAME 2
2
C Write Pattern
919
R/W
ACK. BY
AD525x
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2
FRAME 2
RDAC REGISTER
2
C Read Pattern
D1 D0
the addresses of the EEMEM and RDAC registers (see
Figure 27 and Figure 28). When MSB = 1 or when the
de
vice is in CMD mode, the four bits following the MSB
are C3 to C1, which correspond to 12 predefined EEMEM
controls and quick commands; there are also four factoryreserved commands. The 3 LSB—A2, A1, and A0—are
addresses, but only 001 and 011 are used for RDAC1 and
RDAC3, respectively (see
t
he instruction byte, the last byte in the write mode is the
data byte. Data is transmitted over the serial bus in
sequences of nine clock pulses (eight data bits followed by
an acknowledge bit). The transitions on the SDA line must
occur during the low period of SCL and remain stable
during the high period of SCL (see
n current read mode, the RDAC0 data byte immediately
3. I
follows the acknowledgment of the slave address byte.
After an acknowledgement, RDAC1 follows, then RDAC2,
and so on. (There is a slight difference in write mode,
where the last eight data bits representing RDAC3 data are
followed by a no acknowledge bit.) Similarly, the
transitions on the SDA line must occur during the low
period of SCL and remain stable during the high period of
SCL (see
re
4. W
Figure 34). Another reading method, random
ad method, is shown in Figure 30.
hen all data bits have been read or written, a stop
condition is established by the master. A stop condition is
defined as a low-to-high transition on the SDA line that
occurs while SCL is high. In write mode, the master pulls
the SDA line high during the 10
stop condition (see Figure 33). In read mode, the master
sues a no acknowledge for the ninth clock pulse, that is,
is
the SDA line remains high. The master brings the SDA line
low before the 10
line high to establish a stop condition (see Figure 34).
9
D4 D3 D2 D1
FRAME 1
DATA BYTE
NO ACK. BY
MASTER
STOP BY
MASTER
D0
ACK. BY
AD525x
03823-0-014
STOP BY
MASTER
03823-0-013
Figure 31). After acknowledging
Figure 33).
th
clock pulse to establish a
th
clock pulse and then brings the SDA
Rev. A | Page 20 of 28
AD5251/AD5252
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THEORY OF OPERATION
The AD5251/AD5252 are dual-channel digital potentiometers
in 1 kΩ, 10 kΩ, 50 kΩ, or 100 kΩ that allow 64/256 linear
resistance step adjustments. The AD5251/AD5252 employ
double-gate CMOS EEPROM technology, which allows
resistance settings and user-defined data to be stored in the
EEMEM registers. The EEMEM is nonvolatile, such that
settings remain when power is removed. The RDAC wiper
settings are restored from the nonvolatile memory settings
during device power-up and can also be restored at any time
during operation.
The AD5251/AD5252 resistor wiper positions are determined
b
y the RDAC register contents. The RDAC register acts like a
scratch-pad register, allowing unlimited changes of resistance
settings. RDAC register contents can be changed using the
device’s serial I
the commands to program the RDAC registers are discussed in
2
C Interface Detail Description section.
the I
2
C interface. The format of the data-words and
Table 11. Quick Commands
Command Description
0 NOP.
1
2 Store RDAC register setting to EEMEM.
3 Decrement RDAC 6 dB (shift data bits right).
4 Decrement all RDACs 6 dB (shift all data bits right).
5 Decrement RDAC one step.
6 Decrement all RDACs one step.
7 Reset EEMEM contents to all RDACs.
8 Increment RDAC 6 dB (shift data bits left).
9 Increment all RDACs 6 dB (shift all data bits left).
10 Increment RDAC one step.
11 Increment all RDACs one step.
12 to 15 Reserved.
Restore EEMEM content to RDAC. Users should
issue NOP imme
conserve power.
diately after this command to
The four RDAC registers have corresponding EEMEM memory
cations that provide nonvolatile storage of resistor wiper
lo
position settings. The AD5251/AD5252 provide commands to
store the RDAC register contents to their respective EEMEM
memory locations. During subsequent power-on sequences, the
RDAC registers are automatically loaded with the stored value.
Whenever the EEMEM write operation is enabled, the device
ac
tivates the internal charge pump and raises the EEMEM cell
gate bias voltage to a high level; this essentially erases the current
content in the EEMEM register and allows subsequent storage
of the new content. Saving data to an EEMEM register consumes
about 35 mA of current and lasts approximately 26 ms. Because
of charge-pump operation, all RDAC channels may experience
noise coupling during the EEMEM writing operation.
The EEMEM restore time in power-up or during operation is
a
bout 300 μs. Note that the power-up EEMEM refresh time
depends on how fast V
supply voltage decoupling capacitors limits the EEMEM restore
time during power-up. For example,
profile of the V
up
the applied power is a digital signal. The device initially resets
the measured RDACs to midscale before restoring the EEMEM
contents. The omission of the decoupling capacitors should
only be considered when the fast restoring time is absolutely
needed in the application. In addition, users should issue a NOP
Command 0 immediately after using Command 1 to restore the
EEMEM setting to RDAC, thereby minimizing supply current
dissipation. Reading user data directly from EEMEM does not
require a similar NOP command execution.
In addition to the movement o
EEMEM registers, the AD5251/AD5252 provide other shortcut
commands that facilitate programming, as shown in Tabl e 11 .
reaches its final value. As a result, any
DD
Figure 20 shows a power-
where there is no decoupling capacitor and
DD
f data between RDAC and
LINEAR INCREMENT/DECREMENT COMMANDS
The increment and decrement commands (10, 11, 5, and 6) are
useful for linear step-adjustment applications. These commands
simplify microcontroller software coding by allowing the
controller to send just an increment or decrement command to
the AD5251/AD5252. The adjustments can be directed to a
single RDAC or to all four RDACs.
±6 dB ADJUSTMENTS
(DOUBLING/HALVING WIPER SETTING)
The AD5251/AD5252 accommodate ±6 dB adjustments of
the RDAC wiper positions by shifting the register contents to
left/right for increment/decrement operations, respectively.
Command 3, Command 4, Command 8, and Command 9
can be used to increment or decrement the wiper positions in
6 dB steps synchronously or asynchronously.
Incrementing the wiper position by +6 dB essentially doubles
t
he RDAC register value, whereas decrementing the wiper
position by –6 dB halves the register content. Internally, the
AD5251/AD5252 use shift registers to shift the bits left and
right to achieve a ±6 dB increment or decrement. The
maximum number of adjustments is nine and eight steps for
incrementing from zero scale and decrementing from full scale,
respectively. These functions are useful for various audio/video
level adjustments, especially for white LED brightness settings
in which human visual responses are more sensitive to large
adjustments than to small adjustments.
Rev. A | Page 21 of 28
AD5251/AD5252
S
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DIGITAL INPUT/OUTPUT CONFIGURATION
SDA is a digital input/output with an open-drain MOSFET that
requires a pull-up resistor for proper communication. On the
other hand, SCL and
resistors are recommended to minimize the MOSFET crossconduction current when the driving signals are lower than
V
. SCL and WP have ESD protection diodes, as shown in
DD
Figure 35 and Figure 36.
can be permanently tied to VDD without a pull-up resistor if
WP
the write-protect feature is not used. If
internal current source pulls it low to enable write protection. In
applications in which the device is programmed infrequently,
this allows the part to default to write-protection mode after
any one-time factory programming or field calibration without
using an on-board pull-down resistor. Because there are
protection diodes on all inputs, the signal levels must not be
greater than V
to prevent forward biasing of the diodes.
DD
CL
are digital inputs for which pull-up
WP
is left floating, an
WP
V
DD
03823-0-035
GND
Figure 35. SCL Digital Input
V
DD
Table 12. Multiple Devices Addressing
AD1 AD0 Device Addressed
0 0 U1
0 1 U2
1 0
U3
1 1 U4
5V
R
R
P
P
SCL
U4
SDA
SCL
03823-0-037
MASTER
5V
SDA SCL
AD1
U1
AD0
Figure 37. Multiple AD5251/AD5252 Devices on a Single Bus
SDA SCL
AD1
AD0
U2
5V5V
SDA SCL
AD1
U3
AD0
SDA
AD1
AD0
TERMINAL VOLTAGE OPERATION RANGE
The AD5251/AD5252 are designed with internal ESD diodes
for protection; these diodes also set the boundaries for the
terminal operating voltages. Positive signals present on
Ter m in a l A , Ter min al B , or Ter m in a l W t hat exc ee d V
clamped by the forward-biased diode. Similarly, negative signals
on Te r mi n al A , Te r mi n al B , or Ter m ina l W t ha t are more
negative than V
users should not operate V
the voltage across V
are also clamped (see Figure 38). In practice,
SS
, VWA, and VWB to be higher than
AB
to VSS, but VAB, VWA, and VWB have no
DD
polarity constraint.
V
DD
DD
are
INPUTS
WP
03823-0-036
GND
Figure 36. Equivalent
WP
Digital Input
MULTIPLE DEVICES ON ONE BUS
The AD5251/AD5252 are equipped with two addressing pins,
AD1 and AD0, that allow up to four AD5251/AD5252 devices
to be operated on one I
AD1 and AD0 on each device must first be defined. An example
is shown in Tabl e 1 2 and Figure 37. In I
device is issued a different slave address—01011(AD1)(AD0)—
to complete the addressing.
2
C bus. To achieve this result, the states of
2
C programming, each
Rev. A | Page 22 of 28
A
W
B
V
03823-0-018
SS
Figure 38. Maximum Terminal Voltages Set by V
DD
and V
SS
POWER-UP AND POWER-DOWN SEQUENCES
Because the ESD protection diodes limit the voltage compliance
at Te r mi n al A , Te rm i na l B, a nd Te rm i na l W ( s ee Figure 38), it is
mportant to power on V
i
these terminals. Otherwise, the diodes are forward biased such
that V
are powered unintentionally and may affect the
DD/VSS
user’s circuit. Similarly, V
The ideal power-up sequence is in the following order: GND,
V
, VSS, digital inputs, and VA/VB/VW. The order of powering
DD
V
, VB, VW, and the digital inputs is not important, as long as
A
they are powered after V
before applying any voltage to
DD/VSS
should be powered down last.
DD/VSS
.
DD/VSS
AD5251/AD5252
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O
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LAYOUT AND POWER SUPPLY BIASING
It is always a good practice to employ a compact, minimum
lead-length layout design. The leads to the input should be as
direct as possible, with a minimum conductor length. Ground
paths should have low resistance and low inductance.
Similarly, it is also good practice to bypass the power supplies
wi
th quality capacitors. Low equivalent series resistance (ESR)
1 μF to 10 μF tantalum or electrolytic capacitors should be
applied at the supplies to minimize any transient disturbance
and filter low frequency ripple.
upply-bypassing configuration for the AD5251/AD5252.
s
V
DD
+
C1
C3
10μF
+
C4
C2
10μF
V
SS
Figure 39. Power Supply-Bypassing C
Figure 39 illustrates the basic
AD5251/AD5252
V
DD
0.1μF
0.1μF
V
SS
GND
onfiguration
03823-0-039
The ground pin of the AD5251/AD5252 is used primarily as a
digital ground reference. To minimize the digital ground
bounce, the AD5251/AD5252 ground terminal should be joined
remotely to the common ground (see Figure 39).
DIGITAL POTENTIOMETER OPERATION
The structure of the RDAC is designed to emulate the
performance of a mechanical potentiometer. The RDAC
contains a string of resistor segments with an array of analog
switches that act as the wiper connection to the resistor array.
The number of points is the resolution of the device. For
example, the AD5251/AD5252 emulate 64/256 connection
points with 64/256 equal resistance, R
provide better than 1.5%/0.4% resolution.
Figure 40 provides an equivalent diagram of the connections
etween the three terminals that make up one channel of the
b
RDAC. Switches SW
switches SW(0) to SW(2
and SWB are always on, but only one of
A
N – 1
) can be on at a time (determined by
the setting decoded from the data bit). Because the switches are
nonideal, there is a 75 Ω wiper resistance, R
is a function of supply voltage and temperature: Lower supply
voltages and higher temperatures result in higher wiper
resistances. Consideration of wiper resistance dynamics is
important in applications in which accurate prediction of
output resistance is required.
, allowing them to
S
. Wiper resistance
W
SW
A
A
X
SW(2N– 1)
W
RDAC
WIPER
REGISTER
AND
DECODER
R
= RAB/2
S
DIGITAL
IRCUITRY
MITTED FOR
LARIT
R
S
SW(2N– 2)
SW(1)
R
S
R
S
N
SW(0)
SW
X
B
B
X
03823-0-040
Figure 40. Equivalent RDAC Structure
PROGRAMMABLE RHEOSTAT OPERATION
If either the W-to-B or W-to-A terminal is used as a variable
resistor, the unused terminal can be opened or shorted with W;
such operation is called rheostat mode (see Figure 41). The
r
esistance tolerance can range ±20%.
A
B
Figure 41. Rheostat Mode Configuration
The nominal resistance of the AD5251/AD5252 has 64/256
contact points accessed by the wiper terminal, plus the B terminal
contact. The 6-/8-bit data-word in the RDAC register is decoded
to select one of the 64/256 settings. The wiper’s first connection
starts at the B terminal for Data 0x00. This B terminal connection
has a wiper contact resistance, R
nominal resistance. The second connection (the AD5251 10 kΩ
part) is the first tap point where R
R
= 156 Ω + 75 Ω) for Data 0x01, and so on. Each LSB data
W
value increase moves the wiper up the resistor ladder until the
last tap point is reached at R
simplified diagram of the equivalent RDAC circuit.
The general equation that determines the digitally programmed
utput resistance between W and B is
o
AD5251: RWB(D) = (D/64) × RAB + 75 Ω (1)
AD5252: R
(D) = (D/256) × RAB + 75 Ω (2)
WB
where:
s the decimal equivalent of the data contained in the
D i
RDAC latch.
R
is the nominal end-to-end resistance.
AB
A
W
W
B
W
= 9893 Ω. See Figure 40 for a
WB
A
W
B
03823-0-041
, of 75 Ω, regardless of the
= 231 Ω (RWB = RAB/64 +
WB
Rev. A | Page 23 of 28
AD5251/AD5252
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
100
R
WA
75
(%)
AB
50
R
25
R
WB
PROGRAMMABLE POTENTIOMETER OPERATION
If all three terminals are used, the operation is called potentiometer mode (see Figure 43); the most common configuration
he voltage divider operation.
is t
V
I
Figure 43. Potentiometer Mode Configuration
A
V
C
W
B
03823-0-043
0
0
Figure 42. AD5251 R
16324863
D (Code in Decimal)
(D) and RWB(D) vs. Decimal Code
WA
03823-0-042
Since the digital potentiometer is not ideal, a 75 Ω finite wiper
resistance is present that can easily be seen when the device is
programmed at zero scale. Because of the fine geometric and
interconnects employed by the device, care should be taken to
limit the current conduction between W and B to no more than
±5 mA continuous for a total resistance of 1 kΩ or a pulse of
±20 mA to avoid degradation or possible destruction of the
device. The maximum dc current for AD5251 and AD5252 are
shown in
Figure 21and Figure 22, respectively.
Similar to the mechanical potentiometer, the resistance of the
RDAC between Wiper W and Terminal A also produces a
digitally controlled complementary resistance, R
terminals are used, the B terminal can be opened. The R
. When these
WA
WA
starts at a maximum value and decreases as the data loaded into
the latch increases in value (see
uation for this operation is
eq
AD5251: R
AD5252: R
(D) = [(64 – D)/64] × RAB + 75 Ω (3)
WA
(D) = [(256 – D)/256] × RAB + 75 Ω (4)
WA
The typical distribution of R
Figure 42). The general
from channel-to-channel
AB
matches is about ±0.15% within a given device. On the other
hand, device-to-device matching is process-lot dependent with
a ±20% tolerance.
If the wiper resistance is ignored, the transfer function is simply
AD5251:
AD5252:
V+×=
W
V+×=
W
D
64
D
256
VV
(5)
B
AB
VV
(6)
B
AB
A more accurate calculation that includes the wiper resistance
effect is
where 2
D
N
2
DV
)(
=
W
N
is the number of steps.
RR
+
W
AB
RR
2
+
AB
(7)
V
A
W
Unlike in rheostat mode operation, where the tolerance is high,
potentiometer mode operation yields an almost ratiometric
N
function of D/2
terms. Therefore, the tolerance effect is almost cancelled.
R
W
with a relatively small error contributed by the
Similarly, the ratiometric adjustment also reduces the
temperature coefficient effect to 50 ppm/°C, except at low value
codes where R
dominates.
W
Potentiometer mode operations include other applications, such
as op amp input, feedback-resistor networks, and other voltagescaling applications. The A, W, and B terminals can, in fact, be
input or output terminals, provided that |V
not exceed V
to VSS.
DD
|, |VW|, and |VB| do
A
Rev. A | Page 24 of 28
AD5251/AD5252
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
APPLICATIONS
LCD PANEL V
Large LCD panels usually require an adjustable V
ADJUSTMENT
COM
COM
voltage
centered around 6 V to 8 V with ±1 V swing and small steps
adjustment. This example represents common DAC applications where the window of adjustments is small and centered
at any level. High voltage and high resolution DACs can be
used, but it is far more cost-effective to use low voltage digital
potentiometers with level shifting, such as the AD5251 or
AD5252, to achieve the objective.
Assume a V
voltage requirement of 6 V ± 1 V with a ±20 mV
COM
step adjustment, as shown in Figure 44. The AD5252 can be
co
nfigured in voltage divider mode with an op amp gain. With
±20% tolerance accounted for by the AD5252, this circuit can
still be adjusted from 5 V to 7 V with an 8 mV/step in the
worst case.
+14.4V
R1
±1%
350kΩ
U1
+5V
AD5252
V
DD
R2
10kΩ
R3
18.5kΩ
±20%
B
R5
1kΩ
+14.4V
V+
V–
2.2pF
R4
6kΩ
U2
6V ± 1V
V
COM
C1
03823-0-044
Figure 44. Apply 5 V Digital Potentiometer AD5251 in a 6 V ± 1 V Application
CURRENT-SENSING AMPLIFIER
The dual-channel, synchronous update, and channel-to-channel
resistance matching characteristics make the AD5251/AD5252
suitable for current-sensing applications, such as LED
brightness control. In the circuit shown in
R
DAC1 and RDAC3 are programmed to the same settings, it
can be shown that
D
V+−
=
o
()
N
D
−
2
VVV
12
REF
As a result, the current through a sense resistor connected
bet
ween V
and V2 can be determined.
1
The circuit can be programmed for use with systems that require
dif
ferent sensitivities. If the op amp has very low offset and low
bias current, the major source of error comes from the digital
potentiometer channel-to-channel resistance mismatch, which
is typically 0.15%. The circuit accuracy is about 9 bits, which is
adequate for LED control and other general-purpose applications.
Figure 45, when
(8)
R
ADJUSTABLE HIGH POWER LED DRIVER
Figure 46 shows a circuit that can drive three or four high power
LEDs. The ADP1610 is an adjustable boost regulator that provides
adequate headroom and current for the LEDs. Because its FB pin
voltage is 1.2 V, the digital potentiometer AD5252 and the op amp
form an average gain of 12 feedback networks that servo the
sensing and feedback voltages. As a result, the voltage across
is regulated around 0.1 V, depending on the AD5252’s
R
SET
setting. An adjustable LED current is
I
LED
R
should be small enough to conserve power, but large enough
SET
to limit the maximum LED current. R3 should be used in parallel
with the AD5252 to limit the LED current to an achievable range.
In the package marking, Line 1 shows the part number. Line 2 shows the branding information, such that B1 = 1 kΩ, B10 = 10 kΩ, and so on. There is also a
“#” marking for the Pb-free part. Line 3 shows the date code in YYWW.
2
Z = Pb-free part.
Package
Option
Ordering
Quantity
Rev. A | Page 27 of 28
AD5251/AD5252
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
NOTES
Purchase of licensed I2C components of Analog Devices or one of its sublicensed Associated Companies conveys a license for the purchaser under the Philips I2C Patent
Rights to use these components in an I2C system, provided that the system conforms to the I2C Standard Specification as defined by Philips.