American Fibertek SM24p-PoE+ User Manual

SM24p-PoE

20-Port 10/100/1000Base-T plus

4 RJ-45/100/1000 SFP Combo Port

Managed PoE Switch

Instruction Manual

Regulatory Approval

- FCC Class A

- UL 1950

- CSA C22.2 No. 950

- EN60950

- CE

- EN55022 Class A

- EN55024

Canadian EMI Notice This Class A digital apparatus meets all the requirements of the Canadian Interference-Causing Equipment Regulations.

Cet appareil numerique de la classe A respecte toutes les exigences du Reglement sur le materiel brouilleur du Canada.

European Notice Products with the CE Marking comply with both the EMC Directive (89/336/EEC) and the Low Voltage Directive (73/23/EEC) issued by the Commission of the European Community Compliance with these directives imply conformity to the following European Norms:

EN55022 (CISPR 22) - Radio Frequency Interference EN61000-X - Electromagnetic Imm unity EN60950 (IEC950) - Product Safety

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Table of Contents

1. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................... 2

1-1. OVERVIEW OF THE SM24P-POE.................................................................................. 2

1-2. CHECKLIST .................................................................................................................. 4

1-3. FEATURES .................................................................................................................... 4

1-4. VIEW OF 24-PORT GIGABIT MANAGED POE SWITCH................................................... 6

1-4-1. User Interfaces on the Front Panel (Button, LEDs and Plugs).......................... 6

1-4-2. User Interfaces on the Rear Panel...................................................................... 7

2. INSTALLATION......................................................................................................... 9

2-1. STARTING 24-PORT GIGABIT MANAGED POE SWITCH................................................. 9

2-1-1. Hardware and Cable Installation....................................................................... 9

2-1-2. Cabling Requirements ...................................................................................... 10

2-1-2-1. Cabling Requirements for TP Ports......................................................................... 11

2-1-2-3. Switch Cascading in Topology................................................................................ 11

2-1-3. Configuring the Management Agent of 24-Port Gigabit Managed PoE Switch 1 4

2-1-3-1. Configuring Management Agent of 24-Port Gigabit Managed PoE Switch through

Ethernet Port.........................................................................................................................14

2-1-4. IP Addr ess Assignme nt..................................................................................... 15

2-2. TYPICAL APPLICATIONS............................................................................................... 19

3. BASIC CONCEPT AND MANAGEMENT..................................................... 21

3-1. WHAT’S THE ETHERNET ............................................................................................. 21

3-2. MEDIA ACCESS CONTROL (MAC)............................................................................. 24

3-3. FLOW CONTROL ........................................................................................................ 29

3-4. HOW DOES A SWITCH WORK?..................................................................................... 32

3-5. VIRTUAL LAN........................................................................................................... 36

3-6. LINK AGGREGATION .................................................................................................. 42

4. OPERATION OF WEB-BASED MANAGEMENT ............................................. 44

4-1. WEB MANAGEMENT HOME OVERVIEW ..................................................................... 45

4-2. CONFIGURATION........................................................................................................ 47

4-2-1. System Configuration....................................................................................... 48

4-2-2. Ports................................................................................................................. 51

4-2-3. VLAN Mode Configuration............................................................................... 54

4-2-4. VLAN Group Configuration.............................................................................. 58

4-2-5. PoE................................................................................................................... 60

4-2-6. Aggregation...................................................................................................... 68

4-2-7. LACP................................................................................................................ 69

4-2-8. RSTP................................................................................................................. 71

4-2-9. 802.1X .............................................................................................................. 75

4-2-10 IGMP Snooping............................................................................................... 83

4-2-11. Mirror Configuration...................................................................................... 84

4-2-12. QoS(Quality of Service) Configuration.......................................................... 85

4-2-13. Filter............................................................................................................... 88

4-2-14. Rate Limit....................................................................................................... 90

4-2-15. Storm Control ................................................................................................. 92

4-2-16. SNMP ............................................................................................................. 93

4-3. MONITORING............................................................................................................. 95

4-3-1. Detailed Statistics............................................................................................. 96

4-3-2. LACP Status...................................................................................................... 99

4-3-3. RSTP Status .................................................................................................... 100

4-3-4. IGMP Status ................................................................................................... 101

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4-3-5. Ping Status...................................................................................................... 103

4-4. MAINTENANCE ........................................................................................................ 105

4-4-1. Warm Restart.................................................................................................. 106

4-4-2. Factory Default .............................................................................................. 107

4-4-3. Software Upgrade........................................................................................... 108

4-4-4. Configuration File T ransfer............................................................................ 109

4-4-5. Logout..............................................................................................................110

5. MAINTENANCE..........................................................................................................111

5-1. RESOLVING NO LINK CONDITION .............................................................................111

5-2. Q&A........................................................................................................................111

APPENDIX A TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS.........................................................112

APPENDIX B MIB SPECIFICATIONS .........................................................................115

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Revision History

Date Revision

2011/03/11 A0 2012/07/26 A1

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Warning:

• Self-demolition on Product is strictly prohibited. Damage caused by self- demolition will be charged for repairing fees.

• Do not place product at outdoor or sandstorm.

• Before installation, please make sure input power supply and product

specifications are compatible to each other.

• Before importing / exporting configuration please make sure the firmware version is always the same.

• After firmware upgrade, the switch will remove the configuration automatically to

latest firmware version.

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About this user’s manual

This user’s manual provides instructions on how to install your Managed Switch.

This guide also covers management options and detailed explanation about hardware and software functions.

Overview of this user’s manual

Chapter 1 “Introduction” describes the features of 24 Gigabit Managed Switch

 Chapter 2 “Installation”  Chapter 3 “Operating Concept and Management”  Chapter 4 “Operation of Web-based Management”

 Chapter 5 “Maintenance”

Publication date: Jan., 2011

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1. Introduction

1-1. Overview of the SM24P-POE

The SM24P-POE which is a 24-port Gigabit Managed PoE Switch, it is a standard switch that meets all IEEE 802.3/u/x/z Gigabit and Fast Ethernet specifications. The switch has 20 10/100/1000Mbps TP ports and 4 Gigabit TP/ (100/1000M) SFP slots, It supports Web GUI and SNMP interface for switch management. The network administrator can logon the switch to monitor, configure and control each port’s activity. In addition, the switch implements the QoS (Quality of Service), VLAN, and Trunking. It is suitable for office application.

The switch also support the Power saving for reduce the power consumption with "ActiPHY Power Management" and "PerfectReach Power Management" two technique. It could be efficient saving the switch power with auto detect the client idle and cable length to provide different power.

This PoE switch also complies with IEEE 802.3af, its advanced auto-sensing algorithm enables providing powered devices (PD) discovery, classification, current

limit, and other necessary functions. It also supports high safety with short circuit protection and power-out auto-detection to PD.

In this switch, Port 21, 22, 23, 24 includes two types of media --- TP and (100/1000M) SFP Fiber (LC, BiDi-SC…); this port supports 10/100/1000Mbps TP or (100/1000M) SFP Fiber with auto-detected function. (100/1000M) SFP Fiber transceiver is used for high-speed connection expansion.

10/100/1000Mbps TP is a standard Ethernet port that meets all IEEE

802.3/u/x/z Gigabit and Fast Ethernet specifications. (100/1000M) SFP Fiber transceiver is a Gigabit Ethernet port that fully complies with all IEEE 802.3z and 1000Base-SX/LX standards and 100Base-FX standards.

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• Key Features in the Device

QoS:

switch offers powerful QoS function. This function supports 802.1p

The VLAN tag priority and DSCP on Layer 3 of network framework.

VLAN:

Supports Port-based VLAN, IEEE802.1Q Tag VLAN. And supports 24 active VLANs and VLAN ID 1~4094.

Port Trunking:

Allows one or more links to be aggregated together to form a Link Aggregation Group by the static setting.

IGMP Snooping:

Support IGMP version 2 (RFC 2236): The function IGMP snooping is used to establish the multicast groups to forward the multicast packet to the member ports, and, in nature, avoid wasting the bandwidth while IP multicast packets are running over the network.

Q-in-Q VLAN for performance & security:

Limiting the broadcast traffic to within the same VLAN broadcast domain also enhances performance. Q-in-Q, the use of double VLAN tags is an efficient method for enabling Subscriber Aggregation. This is very useful in the MAN.

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SNMP:

SNMP agent In the device, SNMP agent is a client software which is operating over SNMP protocol used to receive the command from SNMP manager (server site) and echo the corresponded data, i.e. MIB object. Besides, SNMP agent will actively issue TRAP information when happened.

Power Saving:

The Power saving using the "ActiPHY Power Management" and "PerfectReach Power Management" two techniques to detect the client idle and cable length automatically and provides the different power. It could efficient to save the switch power and reduce the power consumption.

PoE:

24-PoE ports allow power to be supplied to end devices, such as Wireless Access Points or VoIP Phones, directly through the existing LAN cables, eliminating costs for additional AC wiring and reducing Installation Cost. It was compliant with IEEE802.3af standard. It provides the endpoint with 48VDC power through RJ-45 pin 1, 2, 3, 6. SM24P-POEprovides 185 watts

of total power (up 15.4 Watts for 12 ports or 7.7 watts for 24 ports)

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1-2. Checklist

Before you start installing the switch, verify that the package contains the following:

⎯ 24-Port Gigabit Managed PoE Switch ⎯ Mounting Accessory (for 19” Rack Shelf) ⎯ This User's Manual in CD-ROM ⎯ AC Power Cord

Please notify your sales representative immediately if any of the aforementioned items is missing or damaged.

1-3. Features

The 24-Port Gigabit Managed PoE Switch, a standalone off-the-shelf switch, provides the comprehensive features listed below for users to perform system network administration and efficiently and securely serve your network.

Hardware

•

• 20 10/100/1000Mbps Auto-negotiation Gigabit Ethernet TP ports

• 4 10/100/1000Mbps TP or 100/1000Mbps SFP Fiber dual media auto sense

• 500KB on-chip frame buffer

• In SM24P-POE, it supports 185 watts for PoE Power and up to 15.4 watts for 12 ports or 7.7 watts for 24 ports ;

• Jumbo frame support 12.2KB

• Programmable classifier for QoS (Layer 2/Layer 3)

• 8K MAC address and support VLAN ID (1~4094)

• Per-port shaping, policing, and Broadcast Storm Control

• IEEE802.1Q-in-Q nested VLAN support

• Power Saving with "ActiPHY Power Management" and "PerfectReach Power

Management" techniques.

• Full-duplex flow control (IEEE802.3x) and half-duplex backpressure

• Extensive front-panel diagnostic LEDs; System: Power, TP Port1-24:

LINK/ACT/SPD , PoE, SFP Port 21, 22, 23,24: SFP(LINK/ACT)

24 port IEEE802.3af PoE PSE. Endpoint with 48VDC power through RJ-45 pin 1, 2, 3, 6. Powered Device (PD) auto detection and classification.

PoE-PSE status and activity LED indicator.

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• Management

• Supports concisely the status of port and easily port configuration

• Supports per port traffic monitoring counters

• Supports a snapshot of the system Information when you login

• Supports port mirror function

• Supports the static trunk function

• Supports 802.1Q VLAN

• Supports user management and limits one user to login

• Maximal packet length can be up to 12.2KB for jumbo frame application

• Supports Broadcasting Suppression to avoid network suspended or crashed

• Supports to send the trap event while monitored events happened

• Supports default configuration which can be restored to overwrite the current

configuration which is working on via Web UI and Reset button of the switch

• Supports on-line plug/unplug SFP modules

• Supports Quality of Service (QoS) for real time applications based on the

information taken from Layer 2 to Layer 3.

• Built-in web-based management instead of using CLI interface, providing a more

convenient GUI for the user

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1-4. View of 24-Port Gigabit Managed PoE Switch

1-4-

1. User Interfaces on the Front Panel (Button, LEDs and Plugs)

There are 24 TP Gigabit Ethernet PoE ports and 4 (100/1000M) SFP fiber ports for optional removable modules on the front panel of the switch. LED display area, locating on the left side of the panel, contains a Power LED, which indicates the power status and 24 ports working status of the switch.

TP Port Status Indication LEDs

Fig. 1-1 Full View of SM24P-POE MANAGED PoE SWITCH

Gigabit Ethernet Port

SFP Fiber Port

Power Indication

Fiber Port Status Indication LEDs

Fig. 1-2 Front View of SM24P-POE

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• LED Indicators Description

LED Color Function

System LED

POWER Green

10/100/1000Ethernet TP Port 1 to 24 LED

LINK/ACT/SPD

PoE Green

Fiber Port 21, 22, 23, 24 LED

SFP(LINK/ACT)

Green/ Amber

Lit when +5V power is coming up

Lit Green when 1000Mbps speed is active Lit Amber when 100/10Mbps speed is active Blinks when any traffic is present

Lit when PoE Power is active

Lit Green when 1000Mbps SFP connection with remote device is good Lit Amber when 100Mbps SFP connection with remote device is good Blinks when any traffic is present

Table1-1

1-4-2. User Interfaces on the Rear Panel

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AC Line 100-240V 50/60 Hz

Fig. 1-3 Rear View of SM24P-POE

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2. Installation

2-1. Starting 24-Port Gigabit Managed PoE Switch

This section will give users a quick start for:

Hardware and Cable Installation

- Management Station Installation

- Software booting and configuration

2-1-1. Hardware and Cable Installation

First of all:

⇒ Wear a grounding device to avoid the damage from electrostatic discharge

⇒ Be sure that power switch is OFF before you insert the power cord to power

source

Installing Optional SFP Fiber Transcei vers to the 24-Port Gigabit Managed PoE

•

Switch

Note: If you have no modules, please skip this section.

• Connecting the SFP Module to the Chassis:

The optional SFP modules are hot swappable, so you can plug or unplug it before or after powering on.

1. Verify that the SFP module is the right model and conforms to the chassis

2. Slide the module along the slot. Also be sure that the module is properly

seated against the slot socket/connector

3. Install the media cable for network connection

Fig. 2-1 Installation of Optional SFP FiberTransceive

4. Repeat the above steps, as needed, for each module to be installed into

slot(s)

5. Have the power ON after the above procedures are done

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• TP Port and Cable Installation

⇒ In the switch, TP port supports MDI/MDI-X auto-crossover, so both types of

cable, straight-through (Cable pin-outs for RJ-45 jack 1, 2, 3, 6 to 1, 2, 3, 6 in 10/100M TP; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 in Gigabit TP) and crossed-over (Cable pin-outs for RJ-45 jack 1, 2, 3, 6 to 3, 6, 1, 2) can be used. It means you do not have to tell from them, just plug it.

⇒ Use Cat. 5 grade RJ-45 TP cable to connect to a TP port of the switch and the

other end is connected to a network-aware device such as a workstation or a server.

⇒ Repeat the above steps, as needed, for each RJ-45 port to be connected to a

Gigabit 10/100/1000 TP device.

Now, you can start having the switch in operation.

• Power On

The switch supports 100-240 VAC, 50-60 Hz power supply. The power supply will automatically convert the local AC power source to DC power. It does not matter whether any connection plugged into the switch or not when power on, even modules as well. After the power is on, all LED indicators will light up and then all off except the power LED still keeps on. This represents a reset of the system.

ware Loading

• Firm

After resetting, the bootloader will load the firmware into the memory. It will take about 30 seconds, after that, the switch will flash all the LED once and automatically performs self-test and is in ready state.

2-1-2. Cabling Requirements

To help ensure a successful installation and keep the network performance good, please take a care on the cabling requirement. Cables with worse specification will render the LAN to work poorly.

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2-1-2-1. Cabling Requirements for TP Ports

⇒

For Fast Ethernet TP network connection

⎯ The grade of the cable must be Cat. 5 or Cat. 5e with a maximum length of

100 meters.

Gigabit Ethernet TP network connection

⇒

⎯ The grade of the cable must be Cat. 5 or Cat. 5e with a maximum length of

100 meters. Cat. 5e is recommended.

2-1-2-3. Switch Cascading in Topology

• Takes the Delay Time into Account

Theoretically, the switch partitions the collision domain for each port in switch cascading that you may up-link the switches unlimitedly. In practice, the network extension (cascading levels & overall diameter) must follow the constraint of the IEEE 802.3/802.3u/802.3z and other 802.1 series protocol specifications, in which the limitations are the timing requirement from physical signals defined by 802.3 series specification of Media Access Control (MAC) and PHY, and timer from some OSI layer 2 protocols such as 802.1d, 802.1q, LACP and so on.

The fiber, TP cables and devices’ bit-time delay (round trip) are as follows:

1000Base-X TP, Fiber 100Base-TX TP 100Base-FX Fiber

Round trip Delay: 4096 Round trip Delay: 512

Cat. 5 TP Wire: 11.12/m Cat. 5 TP Wire: 1.12/m Fiber Cable: 1.0/m

Fiber Cable : 10.10/m TP to fiber Converter: 56

Bit Time unit : 1ns (1sec./1000 Mega bit)

Bit Time unit: 0.01µs (1sec./100 Mega bit)

Table 2-2

Sum up all elements’ bit-time delay and the overall bit-time delay of wires/devices must be within Round Trip Delay (bit times) in a half-duplex network segment (collision domain). For full-duplex operation, this will not be applied. You may use the TP-Fiber module to extend the TP node distance over fiber optic and provide the long haul connection.

• Typical Network Topology in Deployment

A hierarchical network with minimum levels of switch may reduce the timing delay between server and client station. Basically, with this approach, it will minimize the number of switches in any one path; will lower the possibility of network loop and will improve network efficiency. If more than two switches are connected in the same network, select one switch as Level 1 switch and connect all other switches to it at Level 2. Server/Host is recommended to connect to the Level 1 switch. This is general if no VLAN or other special requirements are applied.

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Case1: All switch ports are in the same local area network. Every port can access

each other (See Fig. 2-2).

If VLAN is enabled and configured, each node in the network that can communicate each other directly is bounded in the same VLAN area.

Here VLAN area is defined by what VLAN you are using. The switch supports both port-based VLAN and tag-based VLAN. They are different in practical deployment, especially in physical location. The following diagram shows how it works and what the difference they are.

Case2a: Port-based VLAN (See Fig.2-3).

Fig. 2-2 No VLAN Configuration Diagram

1. The same VLAN members could not be in different switches.

2. Every VLAN members could not access VLAN members each other.

3. The switch manager has to assign different names for each VLAN groups at one switch.

Fig. 2-3 Port-based VLAN Diagram

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Case 2b: Port-based VLAN (See Fig.2-4).

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Fig. 2-4 Port-based VLAN Diagram

1. VLAN1 members could not access VLAN2, VLAN3 and VLAN4 members.

2. VLAN2 members could not access VLAN1 and VLAN3 members, but they could access VLAN4 members.

VLAN3 members could not access VLAN1, VLAN2 and VLAN4.

4. VLAN4 members could not access VLAN1 and VLAN3 members, but they could access VLAN2 members.

Case3a: The same VLAN members can be at different switches with the same VID (See Fig. 2-5).

Fig. 2-5 Attribute-based VLAN Diagram

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2-1-3. Configuring the Management Agent of 24-Port Gigabit Managed

PoE Switch

In the way of web, user is allowed to startup the switch management function. Users can use any one of them to monitor and configure the switch. You can touch them through the following procedures.

Section 2-1-3-1:

Configuring Management Agent of 24-Port Gigabit Managed PoE

Switch through Ethernet Port

2-1-3-1. Configuring Management Agent of 24-Port Gigabit Managed PoE Switch

through Ethernet Port

There are two ways to configure and monitor the switch through the switch’s Ethernet port. They are Web browser and SNMP manager. We just introduce the first type of management interface. Web-based UI for the switch is an interface in a highly friendly way.

SM24P-POE Default IP Setting: IP = 192.168.1.77 Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway = 192.168.1.254

Ethernet LAN

Assign a reasonable IP address, For example: IP = 192.168.1.100 Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway = 192.168.1.254

Fig. 2-6

• Managing 24-Port Gigabit Managed PoE Switch through Ethernet Port

Before you communicate with the switch, you have to finish first the configuration of the IP address or to know the IP address of the switch. Then, follow the procedures listed below.

1. Set up a physical path between the configured the switch and a PC by a qualified UTP Cat. 5 cable with RJ-45 connector.

Note: If PC directly connects to the switch, you have to setup the

same subnet mask between them. But, subnet mask may be different for the PC in the remote site. Please refer to Fig. 2-6 about the 24-Port Gigabit Managed Switch default IP address information.

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2. Run web browser and follow the menu. Please refer to Chapter 4.

Fig. 2-7 the Login Screen for Web

2-1-4. IP Address Assignment

For IP address configuration, there are three parameters needed to be filled

in. They are IP address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway and DNS.

IP address:

The address of the network device in the network is used for internetworking communication. Its address structure looks is shown in the Fig. 2-8. It is “classful” because it is split into predefined address classes or categories.

Each class has its own network range between the network identifier and host identifier in the 32 bits address. Each IP address comprises two parts: network identifier (address) and host identifier (address). The former indicates the network where the addressed host resides, and the latter indicates the individual host in the network which the address of host refers to. And the host identifier must be unique in the same LAN. Here the term of IP address we used is version 4, known as IPv4.

Network identifier Host identifier

Fig. 2-8 IP address structure

With the addressing, it divides IP address into three classes, class A, class B and class C. The rest of IP addresses are for multicast and broadcast. The bit length of the network prefix is the same as that of the subnet mask and is denoted as IP address/X, for example, 192.168.1.0/24. Each class has its address range described below.

Class A:

Address is less than 126.255.255.255. There are a total of 126 networks can be defined because the address 0.0.0.0 is reserved for default route and

127.0.0.0/8 is reserved for loopback function.

Bit # 0 1 7 8 31

32 bits

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etwork address Host address

Class B:

IP address range between 128.0.0.0 and 191.255.255.255. Each class B network has a 16-bit network prefix followed 16-bit host address. There are 16,384 (2^14)/16 networks able to be defined with a maximum of 65534 (2^16 –2) hosts per network.

Bit # 01 2 15 16 31

Network address Host address

Class C:

IP address range between 192.0.0.0 and 223.255.255.255. Each class C network has a 24-bit network prefix followed 8-bit host address. There are 2,097,152 (2^21)/24 networks able to be defined with a maximum of 254 (2^8 –2) hosts per network.

Bit # 0 1 2 3 23 24 31

110

Network address Host address

Class D and E:

Class D is a class with first 4 MSB (Most significance bit) set to 1-1-1-0 and is used for IP Multicast. See also RFC 1112. Class E is a class with first 4 MSB set to 1-1-1-1 and is used for IP broadcast.

According to IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority), there are three specific IP address blocks reserved and able to be used for extending internal network. We call it Private IP address and list below:

Class A 10.0.0.0 --- 10.255.255.255 Class B 172.16.0.0 --- 172.31.255.255 Class C 192.168.0.0 --- 192.168.255.255

Please refer to RFC 1597 and RFC 1466 for more information.

Subnet mask:

It means the sub-division of a class-based network or a CIDR block. The subnet is used to determine how to split an IP address to the network prefix and the host address in bitwise basis. It is designed to utilize IP address more efficiently and ease to manage IP network.

For a class B network, 128.1.2.3, it may have a subnet mask 255.255.0.0 in

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default, in which the first two bytes is with all 1s. This means more than 60 thousands of nodes in flat IP address will be at the same network. It’s too large to manage practically. Now if we divide it into smaller network by extending network prefix from 16 bits to, say 24 bits, that’s using its third byte to subnet this class B network. Now it has a subnet mask 255.255.255.0, in which each bit of the first three bytes is 1. It’s now clear that the first two bytes is used to identify the class B network, the third byte is used to identify the subnet within this class B network and, of course, the last byte is the host number.

Not all IP address is available in the sub-netted network. Two special addresses are reserved. They are the addresses with all zero’s and all one’s host number. For example, an IP address 128.1.2.128, what IP address reserved will be looked like? All 0s mean the network itself, and all 1s mean IP broadcast.

128.1.2.128/25

etwor

10000000.00000001.00000010.1 0000000

Subne

In this diagram, you can see the subnet mask with 25-bit long,

255.255.255.128, contains 126 members in the sub-netted network. Another is that the length of network prefix equals the number of the bit with 1s in that subnet mask. With this, you can easily count the number of IP addresses matched. The following table shows the result.

Prefix Length No. of IP matched No. of Addressable IP

/32 /31 /30 /29 /28 /27 /26

25 bits

All 0s = 128.1.2.128 All 1s= 128.1.2.255

1 2 4 2

8 6 16 14 32 30 64 62

1 0000000 1 1111111

/25 /24 /23 /22 /21

128 126 256 254

512 510 1024 1022 2048 2046

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/20 /19 /18 /17 /16

According to the scheme above, a subnet mask 255.255.255.0 will partition a network with the class C. It means there will have a maximum of 254 effective nodes existed in this sub-netted network and is considered a physical network in an autonomous network. So it owns a network IP address which may looks like

168.1.2.0.

With the subnet mask, a bigger network can be cut into small pieces of network. If we want to have more than two independent networks in a worknet, a partition to the network must be performed. In this case, subnet mask must be applied.

For different network applications, the subnet mask may look like

255.255.255.240. This means it is a small network accommodating a maximum of 15 nodes in the network.

Default gateway:

For the routed packet, if the destination is not in the routing table, all the traffic is put into the device with the designated IP address, known as default router. Basically, it is a routing policy.

4096 4094

8192 8190 16384 16382 32768 32766 65536 65534

Table 2-3

For assigning an IP address to the switch, you just have to check what the IP address of the network will be connected with the switch. Use the same network address and append your host address to it.

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Fig. 2-9

First, IP Address: as shown in the Fig. 2-9, enter “192.168.1.77”, for instance. For sure, an IP address such as 192.168.1.x must be set on your PC.

Second, Subnet Mask: as shown in the Fig. 2-9, enter “255.255.255.0”. Any subnet mask such as 255.255.255.x is allowable in this case.

2-2. Typical Applications

The 24-Port Gigabit Managed Switch implements 24 Gigabit Ethernet TP ports with auto MDIX and four slots for the removable module supporting comprehensive fiber types of connection, including LC and BiDi-LC SFP modules. For more details on the specification of the switch, please refer to Appendix A.

The switch is suitable for the following applications.

⎯ Central Site/Remote site application is used in carrier or ISP (See Fig. 2-10) ⎯ Peer-to-peer application is used in two remote offices (See Fig. 2-11) ⎯ Office network(See Fig. 2-12)

Central Site

Fig. 2-10 Network Connection between Remote Site and Central Site

Fig. 2-10 is a system wide basic reference connection diagram. This diagram

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demonstrates how the switch connects with other network devices and hosts.

Fig. 2-11 Peer-to-peer Network Connection

Fig. 2-12 Office Network Connection

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3. Basic Concept and

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Management

This chapter will tell you the basic concept of features to manage this switch and how they work.

3-1. what’s the Ethernet

Ethernet originated and was implemented at Xerox in Palo Alto, CA in 1973 and was successfully commercialized by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), Intel and Xerox (DIX) in 1980. In 1992, Grand Junction Networks unveiled a new high speed Ethernet with the same characteristic of the original Ethernet but operated at 100Mbps, called Fast Ethernet now. This means Fast Ethernet inherits the same frame format, CSMA/CD, software interface. In 1998, Gigabit Ethernet was rolled out and provided 1000Mbps. Now 10G/s Ethernet is under approving. Although these Ethernet have different speed, they still use the same basic functions. So they are compatible in software and can connect each other almost without limitation. The transmission media may be the only problem.

Fig. 3-1 IEEE 802.3 reference model vs. OSI reference mode

In Fig. 3-1, we can see that Ethernet locates at the Data Link layer and Physical layer and comprises three portions, including logical link control (LLC), media access control (MAC), and physical layer. The first two comprises Data link layer, which performs splitting data into frame for transmitting, receiving acknowledge frame, error checking and re-transmitting when not received correctly as well as provides an error-free channel upward to network layer.

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Data Link

Laye

Physica

Layer

IEEE 802.2

LLC

IEEE802.3 CSMA/CD MAC

IEEE 802.3 PLS

IEEE

802.3 MAU

MI I

NSI X3T9.5

PMD

This above diagram shows the Ethernet architecture, LLC sub-layer and MAC sub-layer, which are responded to the Data Link layer, and transceivers, which are responded to the Physical layer in OSI model. In this section, we are mainly describing the MAC sub-layer.

Logical Link Control (LLC)

Data link layer is composed of both the sub-layers of MAC and MAC-client. Here MAC client may be logical link control or bridge relay entity.

Logical link control supports the interface between the Ethernet MAC and upper layers in the protocol stack, usually Network layer, which is nothing to do with the nature of the LAN. So it can operate over other different LAN technology such as Token Ring, FDDI and so on. Likewise, for the interface to the MAC layer, LLC defines the services with the interface independent of the medium access technology and with some of the nature of the medium itself.

Coaxial/STP/UTP

Fibe

The table 3-1 is the format of LLC PDU. It

Table 3-1 LLC Format

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