Alpha AlphaCell SMU User Manual

AlphaCell SMU

Technical Manual

AlphaCell SMU

Effective: January 2007

Alpha Technologies

Alpha Technologies

Power

®

AlphaCell SMU Technical Manual

745-680-B9-001, Rev. A

Effective Date: January, 2007

Copyright© 2007

Alpha Technologies, Inc.

member of The Group

NOTE:

Photographs contained in this manual are for illustrative purposes only. These photographs may not match
your installation.

NOTE:

Operator is cautioned to review the drawings and illustrations contained in this manual before proceeding. If
there are questions regarding the safe operation of this powering system, please contact Alpha Technologies
or your nearest Alpha representative.

NOTE:

Alpha shall not be held liable for any damage or injury involving its enclosures, power supplies, generators,
batteries, or other hardware if used or operated in any manner or subject to any condition not consistent with
its intended purpose, or is installed or operated in an unapproved manner, or improperly maintained.

TM

Contacting Alpha Technologies: www.alpha.com

or

For general product information and customer service (7 AM to 5 PM, Pacifi c Time), call

1-800-863-3930,

For complete technical support, call

1-800-863-3364

7 AM to 5 PM, Pacifi c Time or 24/7 emergency support

To report errors in this document, send email to :

[e-mail]

Table of Contents

Safety Notes .......................................................................................................................... 6

Battery Safety Notes.............................................................................................................. 7

Chemical Hazards ................................................................................................................. 7

Recycling and Disposal Instructions ...................................................................................... 7

1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 8

2.0 Theory of Operation .................................................................................................... 8

3.0 Specifi cations.............................................................................................................. 8

3.1 General Specifi cations ..................................................................................... 9

3.2 Battery Internal Resistance .............................................................................. 9

4.0 Temperature, Battery Capacity, and Battery Life ...................................................... 10

4.1 Battery Capacity and Ambient Temperature .................................................. 10

4.2 Battery Life and Ambient Temperature ............................................................11

5.0 Charging ....................................................................................................................11

5.1 Floating Charge Voltage and Ambient Temperature .......................................11

5.2 Boost Charging .............................................................................................. 12

6.0 Maintenance ............................................................................................................. 12

6.1 Monthly Maintenance ..................................................................................... 12

6.2 Quarterly Maintenance................................................................................... 13

6.3 Yearly Maintenance ....................................................................................... 13

6.4 Three-year Maintenance ................................................................................ 13

7.0 Storage ..................................................................................................................... 13

8.0 Installation................................................................................................................. 14

9.0 Appendix A: Specifi cations ....................................................................................... 16

10.0 Appendix B: Choosing the Right Capacity ................................................................ 20

10.1 Telecom Applications ..................................................................................... 20

10.2 Power Applications......................................................................................... 20

11.0 Appendix C: Forms ................................................................................................... 22

4

745-680-B9-001

Figures

Fig. 3-1, Battery Construction ................................................................................................ 8

Fig. 4-1, Capacity as a Function of Temperature ................................................................. 10

Fig. 8-2, Battery Connector Detail ....................................................................................... 15

Fig. 8-1, Frame Construction ............................................................................................... 15

Fig. 8-3, Sample Battery Installation (SMU-500) ................................................................. 15

Fig. 9-1, Discharge Performance......................................................................................... 16

Fig. 9-2, Discharge Curve at One Minute (25°C) ................................................................ 16

Fig. 9-3, Discharge Curve at Five Seconds (25°C) ............................................................. 17

Fig. 9-4, Shock Discharge Curve at Different Rates after Discharge of One Hour (25°C) .. 17

Fig. 9-5, Shock Discharge Curves at Different Rates After .5h Discharge (25°C) ............... 18

Fig. 9-6, Recharge Characteristics of SMU-500, 0.1C

Fig. 9-7, Recharge Characteristics of SMU-500, 0.1C10A, 2.23Vpc (25°C). ........................ 19

Fig. 10-1, Single Cell Discharge Curves (Final Voltage: 1.80 Vpc; 25°C) ........................... 20

Fig. 10-2, Curves With Stairs Loading Calculation Method (25°C) ..................................... 20

Fig. 10-3, Curves with Voltage Control Method (25°C) ....................................................... 21

A, 2.35Vpc (25°C). ........................ 18

10

Tables

Table 3-1, General Specifi cations .......................................................................................... 9

Table 3-2, Internal Resistance and Short Circuit Current (25°C) ........................................... 9

Table 5-1, Floating Voltage and Temperature .......................................................................11

Table 9-1, Discharge Specifi cations .................................................................................... 19

745-680-B9-001

5

Safety Notes

Review the drawings and illustrations contained in this manual before proceeding. If there are any questions
regarding the safe installation or operation of this product, contact Alpha Technologies or the nearest Alpha
representative. Save this document for future reference.

To reduce the risk of injury or death, and to ensure the continued safe operation of this product, the following
symbols have been placed throughout this manual. Where these symbols appear, use extra care and
attention.

ATTENTION:

The use of ATTENTION indicates specifi c regulatory/code requirements that may affect the placement of
equipment and /or installation procedures.

NOTE:

A NOTE provide additional information to help complete a specifi c task or procedure.

CAUTION!

The use of CAUTION indicates safety information intended to PREVENT DAMAGE to material or
equipment.

WARNING!

WARNING presents safety information to PREVENT INJURY OR DEATH to the technician
or user.

6

745-680-B9-001

Battery Safety Notes

WARNING!

Lead-acid batteries contain dangerous voltages, currents and corrosive material. Battery
installation, maintenance, service and replacement must be performed only by authorized
personnel.

Chemical Hazards

Any gelled or liquid leakage from a valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) battery contains dilute sulfuric acid,
which is harmful to the skin and eyes. Emissions are electrolytic, electrically conductive, and corrosive.

To avoid injury:

•

Servicing and connection of batteries shall be performed by, or under the direct supervision of, personnel
knowledgeable of batteries and the required safety precautions.

•

Always wear eye protection, rubber gloves, and a protective vest when working near batteries. Remove all metallic
objects from hands and neck.

•

Batteries produce explosive gases. Keep all open fl ames and sparks away from batteries.

•

Use tools with insulated handles. Do not rest any tools on top of batteries.

•

Lead-acid batteries contain or emit chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or
other reproductive harm. Battery post terminals and related accessories contain lead and lead compounds. Wash
hands after handling (California Proposition 65).

•

Wear protective clothing (insulated gloves, eye protection, etc.) when installing, maintaining, servicing, or replacing
batteries.

•

If any battery emission contacts the skin, wash immediately and thoroughly with water. Follow your company’s
approved chemical exposure procedures.

•

Neutralize any spilled battery emission with the special solution contained in an approved spill kit or with a solution
of one pound bicarbonate of soda to one gallon of water. Report a chemical spill using your company’s spill reporting
structure and seek medical attention if necessary.

•

Always replace batteries with those of an identical type and rating. Never install old or untested batteries.

•

Do not charge batteries in a sealed container. Each individual battery should have at least 0.5 inches of space
between it and all surrounding surfaces to allow for convection cooling.

•

All battery compartments must have adequate ventilation to prevent accumulation of potentially dangerous gas.
Ventilation should prevent trapped hydrogen gas pockets from exceeding a 1% concentration as per regulation 70E
of the National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA).

•

Prior to handling the batteries, touch a grounded metal object to dissipate any static charge that may have developed
on your body.

•

Never use uninsulated tools or other conductive materials when installing, maintaining, servicing, or replacing
batteries.

•

Use special caution when connecting or adjusting battery cabling. An improperly connected battery cable or an
unconnected battery cable can make contact with an unintended surface that can result in arcing, fi re, or possible
explosion.

•

A battery showing signs of cracking, leaking, or swelling should be replaced immediately by authorized personnel
using a battery of identical type and rating.

Equipment Cautions

Do not operate NiCd and lead-acid batteries in the same room. NiCd emissions will neutralize the lead-acid solution,

•
rendering the battery useless.

Overcharging the battery can result in a loss of capacity and excess release of gas.

•

Recycling and Disposal Instructions

Spent or damaged batteries are considered environmentally unsafe. Always recycle used batteries or dispose of the
batteries in accordance with all federal, state and local regulations.

745-680-B9-001

7

1.0 Introduction

The AlphaCell SMU battery with sealed gas recombination technology is specifi cally designed
for telecommunication applications, and is available with capacities from 200Ah to 2,000Ah. The
AlphaCell SMU Series of batteries require less space than conventional VRLA batteries and are
structurally arranged to eliminate dislodging and slippage caused by vibrations over time.

Features and Benefi ts:

• 10+ year life

• Recombination effi ciency approaching 99.9%

• Low self discharge maximizes shelf life

• Strong, corrosion resistant grid design

• Modular unit structure allows for minimal footprint

• Unique, fl exible connectors that make for convenient installation and effi cient connections

• Shockproof external design

2.0 Theory of Operation

Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA) batteries make use of a process called recombination. By
reforming the water lost during electrolysis, recombination eliminates the need for regular battery
checks and for refi lling the battery water. The chemical reactions are as follows:

Pb + PbO2 + 2H2SO4 2PbSO4 + 2H2O

Discharge

Charge

2Pb + O2 2PbO

PbO + H2SO4 PbSO4 + H2O

3.0 Specifi cations

Terminal (+)

Cover

Positive Strap

Container

Safety Valve

Terminal (-)

Negative Strap

Positive Plate

Separator

Negative Plate

Fig. 3-1, Battery Construction

8

745-680-B9-001