ALLIED Vision Technologies Bonito CL-400 200 fps User Manual

AVT Bonito

Allied Vision Technologies GmbH
Taschenweg 2a
D-07646 Stadtroda / Germany

Technical Manual

High-speed high-resolution CMOS camera

V2.3.0

2013-Sep-30

Legal notice

Life support applications

These products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices, or systems where mal­function of these products can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Allied Vision
Technologies customers using or selling these products for use in such applications do so at their
own risk and agree to fully indemnify Allied for any damages resulting from such improper use or
sale.

Trademarks

Unless stated otherwise, all trademarks appearing in this document of Allied Vision Technologies
are brands protected by law.

Warranty

The information provided by Allied Vision Technologies is supplied without any guarantees or
warranty whatsoever, be it specific or implicit. Also excluded are all implicit warranties concern­ing the negotiability, the suitability for specific applications or the non-breaking of laws and pat­ents. Even if we assume that the information supplied to us is accurate, errors and inaccuracy may
still occur.

Copyright

All texts, pictures and graphics are protected by copyright and other laws protecting intellectual
property. It is not permitted to copy or modify them for trade use or transfer, nor may they be used
on websites.

Allied Vision Technologies GmbH 11/2013

All rights reserved.
Managing Director: Mr. Frank Grube
Tax ID: DE 184383113

Headquarters:

Taschenweg 2a
D-07646 Stadtroda, Germany
Tel.: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
e-mail: [e-mail]

Bonito Technical Manual V2.3.0

2

Contents

Contacting Allied Vision Technologies ................................................... 5

Introduction ............................................................................................................ 6

Document history............................................................................................................ 6

Manual overview ............................................................................................................. 8

Conventions used in this manual ........................................................................................ 9

Styles ....................................................................................................................... 9

Symbols.................................................................................................................... 9

Before operation........................................................................................................... 10

Safety warnings ............................................................................................................ 10

Conformity ..............................................................................................................12

CE.......................................................................................................................... 12

Specifications .......................................................................................................13

Bonito CL-400B/C, Bonito CL-400B/C 200fps ................................................................... 13

Spectral sensitivity ........................................................................................................ 15

Camera dimensions ..........................................................................................16

Bonito CL-400B/C C-Mount ............................................................................................ 16

Bonito CL-400B/C EF-Mount ........................................................................................... 17

Bonito CL-400B/C F-Mount ............................................................................................ 18

Back view of Bonito CL-400B/C C-/EF-/F-Mount ................................................................. 19

Back view of Bonito CL-400B/C C-/EF-/F-Mount 200fps......................................................... 20

Camera interfaces .............................................................................................21

Requirements and serial I/O............................................................................................ 21

Frame grabber requirements ....................................................................................... 21

PC hardware requirements .......................................................................................... 21

Camera link cable length ............................................................................................ 22

Accessories.............................................................................................................. 22

Serial I/O ................................................................................................................ 22

Camera I/O connector pin assignment

(15-pin D-sub connector) ............................................................................................... 25

Power supply (pin 1-4)............................................................................................... 25

Synchronization output (pin 6).................................................................................... 26

Serial interface (pin 7-8)............................................................................................ 26

Trigger input (pin 10-11)............................................................................................ 27

Exposure output (pin 12-13) ....................................................................................... 27

Reserve I/O (pin 5, 9 and 14-15).................................................................................. 28

Camera Link interface (01-04 or CL1, CL2) .......................................29

Camera link connectors and 10-tap pin assignment.............................................................. 29

Bonito Technical Manual V2.3.0

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Serial interface (SerTC, SerTFG) ........................................................................................ 31

Trigger inputs (CC1)....................................................................................................... 32

Reserve control input (CC2)............................................................................................. 33

Pixel order ................................................................................................................... 33

Timing (FVAL, LVAL, PCLK) .............................................................................................. 35

Single channel mode ................................................................................................. 35

Dual channel, full line length...................................................................................... 36

Dual channel, reduced line length................................................................................ 37

Parameters and commands .........................................................................38

Primary starting address (A) ............................................................................................ 38

Secondary starting address (B) ........................................................................................ 39

Fixed pattern noise (FPN) correction (C) ............................................................................ 39

Double region of interest mode (D)................................................................................... 40

Exposure time (E).......................................................................................................... 41

Frame duration (F) ........................................................................................................ 42

Digital gain (G)............................................................................................................. 43

Line address increment (I) .............................................................................................. 43

Synchronization output (J) ............................................................................................. 44

Timer prescaler value (K) ................................................................................................ 45

Exposure control mode (M) ............................................................................................. 45

Exposure timing mode (bit group e).............................................................................. 48

PIV mode (bit group p)............................................................................................... 51

Exposure feature mode (bit group f) ............................................................................. 57

Number of lines (N) ....................................................................................................... 58

Camera Link output mode setting (S) ................................................................................ 60

Trigger source selection (T) ............................................................................................. 61

Metadata overlay and test image generator (U) ................................................................... 62

Dark value offset (W) ..................................................................................................... 63

Version information (V) .................................................................................................. 63

Save parameters (X)....................................................................................................... 64

Parameter summary (Y) .................................................................................................. 64

Reset to factory defaults (Z) ............................................................................................ 64

Serial number (a) .......................................................................................................... 65

Product variant code (b) ................................................................................................. 65

Serial control interface configuration (s) ........................................................................... 66

Show Help text (?)......................................................................................................... 68

Bayer filter mosaic pattern...........................................................................69

Appendix..................................................................................................................70

Command reference ....................................................................................................... 70

Index...........................................................................................................................79

Bonito Technical Manual V2.3.0

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Contacting Allied Vision Technologies

Contacting Allied Vision Technologies

Info



• Technical information:

http://www.alliedvisiontec.com

• Support:

[e-mail]

Allied Vision Technologies GmbH (Headquarters)

Taschenweg 2a
07646 Stadtroda, Germany
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
e-mail: [e-mail]

Allied Vision Technologies Canada Inc.

101-3750 North Fraser Way
Burnaby, BC, V5J 5E9, Canada
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
e-mail: [e-mail]

Allied Vision Technologies Inc.

38 Washington Street
Newburyport, MA 01950, USA
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
e-mail: [e-mail]

Allied Vision Technologies Asia Pte. Ltd.

82 Playfair Road
#07-02 D’Lithium
Singapore 368001
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
e-mail: [e-mail]

Allied Vision Technologies (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.

2-2109 Hongwell International Plaza
1602# ZhongShanXi Road
Shanghai 200235, China
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
e-mail: [e-mail]

Bonito Technical Manual V2.3.0

5

Introduction

Introduction

This Bonito Technical Manual describes in depth the technical specifications,
dimensions, all pixel formats, bandwidth and frame rate related subjects.

Note

Please read through this manual carefully.



Document history

Version Date Remarks

V2.0.0 03.11.11 New Bonito Technical Manual

V2.1.0 23.01.12 • Corrected power supply values and mass values in chapter

Bonito CL-400B/C, Bonito CL-400B/C 200fps on page 13

• Added F-Mount in legend of Figure 5: Bonito CL-400B/C C-/
EF-/F-Mount (back) on page 18

• Corrected power supply values in:
–chapter Accessories on page 22
–chapter Camera I/O connector pin assignment (15-pin D-

sub connector) on page 25

–chapter Power supply (pin 1-4) on page 25

• Marked pin 5,6 and 14,15 as reserve in chapter Camera I/O

connector pin assignment (15-pin D-sub connector) on

page 25 and changed description in chapter Reserve I/O

(pin 5, 9 and 14-15) on page 28

Some minor corrections in

•chapter Fixed pattern noise (FPN) correction (C) on page 39

•chapter Number of lines (N) on page 58

•chapter Camera Link output mode setting (S) on page 60

V2.2.0 03.05.12 Added description of new features in camera firmware V1.0.7

• Changed max. current from 0.36 A to 0.4 A:
– Description to power supply: see chapter Bonito CL-

400B/C, Bonito CL-400B/C 200fps on page 13

–chapter Accessories on page 22

to be continued on next page

Table 1: Document history

Bonito Technical Manual V2.3.0

6

Introduction

Version Date Remarks

continued from previous page

V2.2.0

(continued)

03.05.12

(continued)

•chapter Power supply (pin 1-4) on page 25

• Pin 6 changed from Reserve to Sync:
see chapter Camera I/O connector pin assignment (15-pin

D-sub connector) on page 25

•chapter Synchronization output (pin 6) on page 26

• In chapter Exposure output (pin 12-13) on page 27: added
Note This output is not recommended for new system

designs. on page 28

• Added chapter Synchronization output (J) on page 44

• Updated the following chapter to new bit field order:
chapter Exposure control mode (M) on page 45

• Range from N=0 (not N=1) in chapter Number of lines (N) on
page 58

• Added values 5 and 7 in chapter Camera Link output mode

setting (S) on page 60

• In chapter Reset to factory defaults (Z) on page 64:
Corrected E=000006BE (not 000006C1),
F=000006BF (not 000006C2)
Inserted J=01 and S=00

• Added new command reference description in chapter

Command reference on page 70

• Added hyperlink to AVT website for DeviceConfig in chapter

Serial I/O on page 22

• Changed AOI to ROI in the whole manual

V2.2.1 11 May 2012 • Some minor corrections

• Added 80 bit to Camera Link Full+
–chapter Bonito CL-400B/C, Bonito CL-400B/C 200fps on

page 13

• Added 80 bit to clearly describe the 10-tap configuration of
the Camera Link standard:

–chapter Camera Link interface (01-04 or CL1, CL2) on

page 29

–chapter Camera link connectors and 10-tap pin assign-

ment on page 29

to be continued on next page

Table 1: Document history

Bonito Technical Manual V2.3.0

7

Introduction

Version Date Remarks

continued from previous page

V2.2.1

(continued)

V2.3.0 2013-Sep-30 • Updated RoHS (2002/95/EC) to RoHS (2011/65/EU)

11 May 2012

(continued)

• Added example drawing: see Figure 10: Example conversion

circuit from +/- 6 V RS232 output to 5 V TTL input on page 26

• Added information to use exact multiples oft the current line
duration: see chapter Timer prescaler value (K) on page 45

• Changed +/-2 t
Exposure timing mode (bit group: e) on page 42

•Added rising edge description (bit group e, value=2): see
Image on demand mode (IOD) with exposure timer on page
43

• Added more precise description of PIV mode: see PIV mode =
On on page 45

• Added new chapter Product variant code (b) on page 65

• Added new chapter Command reference on page 70

• Added „Surge“ warning as requested for the EMC lab test

• Corrections derived from terminology alignment

• Change of font, necessary due to changes in typeface

• Redesigned the complete PIV mode description, added flow
diagram and table

• Redesigned the biggest part of the Exposure Mode Control
description, incl. new tables and flow diagrams

• Redesigned the Baud Rate description

• Introduced overview of value ranges, default values and
examples for each parameter described in the chapter Cam-

era interfaces on page 21

• Replaced the drawings with new drawings that show all four
sides of the camera in chapter Camera dimensions on page
16

to tL in Table 13: Exposure control modes:

L

Manual overview

This manual overview outlines the contents of each chapter of this manual.

•chapter Contacting Allied Vision Technologies on page 5 lists AVT contact
data (phone number and URL) for both:

– Technical information / ordering
– Commercial information

•chapter Introduction on page 6 (this chapter) gives you the document his-
tory, a manual overview (short description of each chapter) and conven­tions used in this manual (styles and symbols).

Table 1: Document history

Bonito Technical Manual V2.3.0

8

Introduction

•chapter Conformity on page 12 gives you information about conformity of
AVT cameras (CE, FCC, RoHS).

•chapter Specifications on page 13 lists camera details and measured spec-
tral sensitivity diagrams for each camera type.

•chapter Camera dimensions on page 16 provides CAD drawings of standard
housing models (2D drawings and 3D isometric drawings), tripod adapter
and cross sections of CS-Mount and C-Mount. Furthermore, you find infor­mation on adjustment of C-Mount and CS-Mount.

•chapter Camera interfaces on page 21 describes in general the inputs/
outputs of the cameras (incl. trigger features).

•chapter Index on page 79 gives you quick access to all relevant data in this
manual.

Conventions used in this manual

To give this manual an easily understood layout and to emphasize important
information, the following typographical styles and symbols are used:

Styles

Style Function Example

Bold Programs, inputs or highlighting

important things

Courier Code listings, camera output etc. Output

Courier bold Commands sent to the camera Command

Upper case Register REGISTER

Italics Modes, fields Mode

Parentheses and/or blue Internet links, cross references (www.link)

Table 2: Styles

bold

Symbols

Note

This symbol highlights important information.



Bonito Technical Manual V2.3.0

9

Introduction

Caution



www



Before operation

Target group This Technical Manual is the guide to detailed technical information of the

camera and is written for experts.

Note

This symbol highlights important instructions. You have to
follow these instructions to avoid malfunctions.

This symbol highlights URLs for further information. The URL
itself is shown in blue.

Example:

http://www.alliedvisiontec.com

Please read through this manual carefully before operating
the camera.



Caution



Safety warnings

Caution



Before operating any AVT camera read the following safety
instructions and ESD warnings.

Electrostatic discharge

The camera contains sensitive electronic components that can
be destroyed by means of electrostatic discharge.

Use sufficient grounding to minimize the risk of damage.

Bonito Technical Manual V2.3.0

10

Introduction

Caution



Surge

To avoid damage caused by surge, connect the camera to an
AC/DC power supply. Use a certified industrial power supply
that complies with common industrial standards. Make sure
the polarization of the power supply is correct.

For the DC (direct current) signal, use cable lengths less
than 30 m. Consider that the voltage drop increases with the
cable length.

AVT (or your local dealer) provides suitable power supplies:

http://www.alliedvisiontec.com/emea/products/
accessories.html

Bonito Technical Manual V2.3.0

11

Conformity

Conformity

Allied Vision Technologies declares under its sole responsibility that all stan­dard cameras of the Bonito to which this declaration relates, are in conformity
with the following standard(s) or other normative document(s):

• CE, following the provisions of 2004/108/EG directive

• RoHS (2011/65/EU)

CE

We declare, under our sole responsibility, that the previously described Bonito
cameras conform to the directives of the CE.

Bonito Technical Manual V2.3.0

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Specifications

Specifications

Note



The correct polarity of the 12 V supply voltage must be assured.

The warranty becomes void in case of unauthorized tampering
or any modifications not approved by Allied Vision Technolo­gies.

Bonito CL-400B/C, Bonito CL-400B/C 200fps

Feature Specification

Sensor Type 4/3, CMOS progressive with global shutter

Effective chip size 16.24 mm (H) x 12.08 mm (V)

Cell size 7 µm x 7 µm

Resolution (max.) 2320 (H) x 1726 (V)

Lens mount C-Mount, Canon EF-Mount, Nikon F-Mount

Frame rate Bonito CL-400B/C: up to 386 fps, higher rates with smaller ROI

Bonito CL-400B/C 200fps: with one Camera Link channel: up to 193 fps

ADC 10 bit

Exposure time 1.5 µs to approx. 1 s

Operating temperature 0 °C to +45 °C

Storage temperature -30 °C to +70 °C

Humidity
(operating and storage)

Power supply 12 V DC, -10% to +5%, 0.35 A (4.2 W), max. 0.4 A

Digital output Bonito CL-400B/C: 2 x 10-tap Camera Link Full+, 80 bits, 80 MHz, 8 bits

Camera control CC1: trigger input, CC2: reserve

Serial control Serial via Camera Link or RS232 via control connector

Optocoupler inputs 1 external trigger input

Optocoupler outputs 1 exposure active signal

Table 3: Specification Bonito CL-400B/C, Bonito CL-400B/C 200fps

max. 95% RH, non-condensing

per pixel

Bonito CL-400B/C 200fps: 1 x 10-tap Camera Link Full+, 80 bits,
80 MHz, 8 bits per pixel

Bonito Technical Manual V2.3.0

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Specifications

Feature Specification

Smart features ROI (Region of Interest), fixed pattern noise (FPN) correction, digital

gain (selects 8 of 10 bits for output), offset (brightness), continuous
mode (image acquisition with maximum frame rate), image on demand
mode (triggered image acquisition)

Dimensions 44.2 mm x 80 mm x 70 mm (C-Mount)

71 mm x 80 mm x 70 mm (EF-Mount)

73.5 mm x 80 mm x 70 mm (F-Mount)

Mass Bonito CL-400B/C (C-Mount): ~360 g

Bonito CL-400B/C (EF-Mount): ~410 g

Bonito CL-400B/C (F-Mount): ~390 g

Bonito CL-400B/C 200fps (C-Mount): ~350 g

Bonito CL-400B/C 200fps (EF-Mount): ~400 g

Bonito CL-400B/C 200fps (F-Mount): ~380 g

Regulations CE, RoHS (2011/65/EU)

Table 3: Specification Bonito CL-400B/C, Bonito CL-400B/C 200fps

Note

The design and specifications for the products described above
may change without notice.



Caution



The camera contains sensitive electronic components that may
be destroyed by electrostatic discharge (ESD). When handling
the camera ensure sufficient grounding to minimize the risk of
damage.

Bonito Technical Manual V2.3.0

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Specifications

Spectral sensitivity

Figure 1: Spectral sensitivity of Bonito CL-400B

Note

The spectral sensitivity curve for the color sensor is not avail­able.



Bonito Technical Manual V2.3.0

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Camera dimensions

Camera dimensions

Bonito CL-400B/C C-Mount

Figure 2: Camera dimensions: Bonito CL-400B/C C-Mount

Bonito Technical Manual V2.3.0

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Camera dimensions

Bonito CL-400B/C EF-Mount

Figure 3: Camera dimensions: Bonito CL-400B/C EF-Mount

Bonito Technical Manual V2.3.0

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Camera dimensions

Bonito CL-400B/C F-Mount

Figure 4: Camera dimensions: Bonito CL-400B/C F-Mount

Bonito Technical Manual V2.3.0

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Camera dimensions

Back view of Bonito CL-400B/C C-/EF-/F-Mount

Figure 5: Bonito CL-400B/C back view (C-/EF-/F-Mount)

Connectors Description

Control 12 V DC power supply, RS-232, optocoupler inputs and outputs

O1 Camera Link channel A (left) medium/full

O2 Camera Link channel A (left) base

O3 Camera Link channel B (right) medium/full

O4 Camera Link channel B (right) base

Figure 6: Connectors

Bonito Technical Manual V2.3.0

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Camera dimensions

Back view of Bonito CL-400B/C C-/EF-/F-Mount 200fps

Figure 7: Bonito CL-400B/C back view (C-/EF-/F-Mount 200fps)

Connectors Description

Control 12 V DC power supply, RS-232, optocoupler inputs and outputs

CL1 Camera Link Base

CL2 Camera Link Medium/Full

Figure 8: Connectors

Bonito Technical Manual V2.3.0

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Camera interfaces

Camera interfaces

This chapter gives you information on the control interface, inputs and outputs
and trigger features.

www

For accessories like cables or power supply see:

http://www.alliedvisiontec.com/emea/products/accesso­ries/camera-link.html



Requirements and serial I/O

Frame grabber requirements

Take special care in selecting the Camera Link frame grabbers. They should be
able to process the 10 taps of each Bonito channel at 80 MHz clock frequency.
This stands for a mean data rate of approx. 2 x 737 MiB/s (= 2 x 773 MB/s) net
and a burst rate of up to 2 x 763 MiB/s (= 2 x 800 MB/s) net.

Camera configuration files for several frame grabbers are available from Allied
Vision Technologies on request.

Note

For more information on frame grabbers see manuals from
frame grabber manufacturer.



PC hardware requirements

A PC with high performance PCI Express (PCIe) system architecture is needed to
cope with the high data rates. At least one free PCIe x4/x8/x16 slot is needed
per frame grabber, depending on the specific frame grabber requirements.

Generally, a short PCIe card may be plugged into a longer PCIe slot (e.g. a PCIe
x4 frame grabber into a PCIe x16 slot). Often main board manufacturers do not
connect all lanes of a physical slot to the chipset. Therefore, ensure that at least
the number of lanes needed by the frame grabber are electrically connected in
the slot. Refer to the reference manual of the main board for details.

Currently, we recommend main boards with Intel X58 chipset or better specifi­cation regarding the PCIe architecture.

Bonito Technical Manual V2.3.0

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Camera interfaces

Camera link cable length

The tested maximum Camera Link cable length for the Bonito is 7 m, depending
on the cable quality and the frame grabber.

Accessories

The Bonito needs a DC power supply with 12 V at an average current of 0.35 A
(max. 0.4 A). The camera is delivered with suitable power supply without power
cord.

The Bonito is available with C-Mount, F-Mount or EF-Mount lens adapter. Con­sider the CMOS sensor size for lens selection. The lens should fully illuminate an
area of  16 mm x 12 mm (ø 20 mm, type 4/3).

The software depends on the frame grabber. A software development kit (SDK)
and a demo software for first live preview is usually provided by the frame grab­ber manufacturer.

Serial I/O

To configure the Bonito camera, an asynchronous serial command interface is
provided. By default this command interface is internally routed via the
Camera Link connector O2 (SerTC, SerTFG) or CL1 (Bonito CL-400B/C 200fps),
but the RS232 signals at the 15-pin D-sub connector may also be used.

AVT provides the DeviceConfig software to control the camera via standard PC
RS232 COM ports. Beginning with version 1.2.1 camera control is also possible
via the serial interface of the frame grabber. The frame grabber needs a DLL pro­vided by the frame grabber’s manufacturer (clser*.dll).

www

For more information on DeviceConfig see:

http://www.alliedvisiontec.com/emea/products/software/
windows/deviceconfig.html



Note

For more information about serial communication via Camera
Link refer to the documentation of the particular frame grab­ber.



By default the serial interface uses the following parameters:

• 115200 baud

• 8 data bits

•1 stop bit

• No parity

• No handshake

Bonito Technical Manual V2.3.0

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Camera interfaces

The baud rate is factory-set to 115200 but can also be configured to other val­ues: see chapter Serial control interface configuration (s) on page 66.

All command examples are formatted in the following styles:

• Bold Courier font: characters sent to the camera

• Courier font: the camera’s answer

At power-up the camera loads the stored parameter configuration from its non­volatile memory and sends a start message after successful initialization to all
activated serial interfaces.

The following is an example of the start message

Bonito CL / CMC-4000 CMOS High-Speed Camera

Version: CMC.040.xx.yy

>

The command prompt character > indicates that the camera is ready to receive
and process the next command. Each command consists of a command letter,
followed by an equality sign and a parameter value in hexadecimal number rep­resentation. The command letter is case sensitive. Hexadecimal values are
always upper case and are 1 to 8 hex digits long. The command is activated by a
carriage return ([CR], ASCII character number 0D). Serial communication oper­ates in echo mode by default. This means that each character received by the
camera is echoed back to the sender.

For that reason, all serial commands (exceptions: V

, Y, a, ?) have the fol-

lowing general syntax:

>A=wxyz[CR]

Sign Description

A Command or parameter letter

(observe upper and lower case printing!)

= Equality sign (3D)

wxyz 1-8 digits long value in hexadecimal number representation

(capital letters)

[CR] Carriage Return (0D)

[LF] Line Feed (0A)

Table 4: Syntax of serial commands

The following example sets the exposure time to 1000 = 3E8 time units:

1. User sends the six characters

E=3E8[CR]

2. Camera answers with nine characters (echo followed by new prompt)

E=3E8[CR][CR][LF]>

Bonito Technical Manual V2.3.0

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Camera interfaces

3. A terminal program without local echo displays

E=3E8
>

After the execution of the command has finished the command prompt charac­ter > is displayed again. If any error occurred, a question mark character ? is
sent previous to the prompt character.

To query a parameter value, send the corresponding command letter followed
by the equality sign and a question mark character:

>s=?[CR]

If the intended action does not need any parameter it is also sufficient in most
cases – as a shortcut – to send the command letter only, directly followed by
[CR].

At the beginning of a command sequence it is good practice to check the serial
communication by sending a [CR] only to the camera and verify that the com­mand prompt > is returned.

Note



There is an input buffer holding a few characters but no hard­ware handshake. For that reason, a sequence of commands
should not be sent to the camera without awaiting the inter­mediate input prompts. This is especially important for serial
command processing through user-developed software rou­tines. Otherwise, the camera’s serial input buffer may over­flow.

Bonito Technical Manual V2.3.0

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Camera interfaces

Pin Signal Direction Level Description RS232

9-pin
D-sub

1 External Power +12 V DC

(+5%, to 10%),

0.35 A (4.2 W),
max. 0.36 A

Power supply

2

3 External GND 5 (GND)

4

5 Reserve

6 Sync Out RS232 Synchronization

signal

7 RXD In RS232 3 (TXD)

8 TXD Out RS232 Serial control 2 (RXD)

9 Reserve

10 Trigger input - Optocoupler

input, 5 V to 12 V,
max. 15 mA

External trigger
signal

11 +

12 Exposure output - Optocoupler

output,
open collector,
30 V, max. 150 mW

Active exposure
signal

13 +

14 Reserve

15 Reserve

Camera I/O connector pin assignment (15-pin D-sub connector)

This connector is intended for supplying power as well as external input/output
signals.

Figure 9: Camera I/O connector pin assignment

Power supply (pin 1-4)

The camera requires 12 V DC (+5%, -10%) at a continuous maximum of 0.4 A.

We recommend to use all pins for power supply, 1 and 2 as well as 3 and 4).

Bonito Technical Manual V2.3.0

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Camera interfaces

Synchronization output (pin 6)

Note



Use this signal for the following:

• Synchronize external devices to the effective exposure of Bonito. Exam­ples of external devices are flash lights, flash strobes or timer circuits.

• Reduce the timing jitter of start and end point of exposure. Several modes
are available: for more information see chapter Synchronization output

(J) on page 44

The output is a RS232 compatible driver, signaling at +/- 6 V levels typically.
The output delivers a reliable, low-jitter transmission, even over relatively long
cable runs. The driver adds a delay of 0.75 µs typically at rising or falling edge.

Caution



Only cameras with firmware CMC.040.01.07 or newer support
this feature.

If you use a camera with an older firmware version: don‘t con­nect pin 6.

Do not directly connect this output to a TTL or CMOS logic input.

Input may be destroyed, because output delivers several 10 mA
at voltage levels - 6 V to +6 V. These voltages may exceed the
absolute limits of the input.

Figure 10: Example conversion circuit from +/- 6 V RS232 output to 5 V TTL input

Serial interface (pin 7-8)

The camera can be controlled externally via an RS232 COM Porty by using serial
interface at pin 7 and 8. A simple terminal program (e.g. HyperTerminal) is suf­ficient for manually controlling the camera. Note that operating this serial
interface and the available port(s) via Camera Link concurrently may lead to
unexpected results. Both interfaces share the same receive buffer, so the char­acters of simultaneously sent commands may be randomly mixed up. For more
information on general command syntax: see chapter Serial I/O on page 22.

Bonito Technical Manual V2.3.0

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Camera interfaces

Trigger input (pin 10-11)

Figure 11: Trigger input diagram

The current through the optocoupler’s LED should be in the range from 5 mA to
15 mA. This is the case if 5.0 V ≤ V

≤ 12 V.

in

Note

If you use higher voltages, you have to connect externally an
additional current limiting resistor.



A rising edge at this optocoupler input starts the exposure. It depends on the
trigger input selection T and the current trigger mode M whether this input is
enabled and how it controls the exposure time.

The optocoupler adds a typical delay of about 0.1 s to the externally applied
signal.

For more information on the various trigger and exposure modes: see chapter

Exposure control mode (M) on page 45.

Exposure output (pin 12-13)

Figure 12: Exposure output

Bonito Technical Manual V2.3.0

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Camera interfaces

This is an open collector optocoupler output. The transistor is conductive
during the active exposure time of the image sensor. The optocoupler adds an
intrinsic delay to the signal.

The power dissipation through the optocoupler’s transistor must not exceed
150 mW.

A typical value for the external pull-up resistor is R = 4700 . This ensures risk­free operation to the upper Vcc limit.

Note

This output is not recommended for new system designs.

Use the synchronization output feature instead: see chapter

Synchronization output (pin 6) on page 26.



The start-of-exposure edge (falling edge at V
cally, the end-of-exposure edge for about 20 – 50 s. The latter is mainly caused
by the storage time of the photo transistor and is strongly dependent on the
external pull-up resistor value R. To safely toggle the output between high and
low state use exposure times above 10 s and also observe a gap of 50 s or
more between two exposures. Faster rates may also work, but should be tested
individually. Consequently, in the default continuous mode (M=0) the output
does not toggle because the inter-exposure gap is too short.

Active exposure is also displayed by the L3 indicator at the camera’s back side.

Reserve I/O (pin 5, 9 and 14-15)

Note

The pins 5, 9, 14 and 15 are reserved for future use. Do not con­nect. Currently they have no function, but this may change.

) is delayed for about 3 s typi-

out



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Camera Link interface (01-04 or CL1, CL2)

Camera Link interface (01-04 or CL1,
CL2)

Camera Link is an interface for the transmission of digital video data. The stan­dard defines data transfer on a physical base and determines connectors, cables
and components for transmission and reception. Three different configurations
(base, medium and full) are available, distinguished by the number of
transmitter–receiver pairs (one, two or three respectively). While the base con­figuration is able to operate with one cable, for the medium and the full config­uration two cables between camera and grabber are necessary.

Each transmitter–receiver channel implements the so called Channel Link tech­nology. One Channel Link transmitter serializes 28 parallel data bits in a ratio
of 7:1 and transfers them via five differential signal pairs (four data pairs plus
one for the clock). By using the LVDS (Low Voltage Differential Signaling) stan­dard, net parallel clock rates up to 85 MHz (up to 595 Mbit/s on the wire pairs)
can be achieved.

The Camera Link standard also defines non-serialized signals. There are four
direct camera control lines (CC1 – CC4) from frame grabber to the camera, as
well as a bi-directional asynchronous serial communication channel, all of
them are transmitted using the LVDS standard.

Due to the high bandwidth requirements the Bonito makes use of an extension
to the Camera Link Full standard.

Camera Link Full defines 8 ports with 8 bits each. It has a payload of 64 bits, that
– including synchronization signals – only occupy 76 of the 3 x 28 = 84 available
transmitter bits. By incorporating the unused bits and some redundant syn­chronization signals, it is possible to transmit 10 x 8 = 80 bits net. This is also
known as Camera Link 10-tap standard with 80 bits.

One Camera Link 80-bit channel provides enough bandwidth to achieve nearly
200 frames per second at four megapixels per frame. To reach the 400 frames
per second the Bonito uses two Camera Link 80-bit channels in parallel.

Camera link connectors and 10-tap pin assignment

The Bonito implements two Camera Link 80-bit channels in 10-tap configura­tion grouped at the connector pairs O2/O1 and O4/O3 respectively. The Bonito
CL-400B/C 200fps cameras implement only one Camera Link 80-bit channel at
the connector pair CL1/CL2.

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Camera Link interface (01-04 or CL1, CL2)

Each channel delivers ten Camera Link ports labelled A to J. Every port has eight
bits and is assigned to a corresponding sensor tap that outputs specific pixel
columns of the image. Consequently, up to 2 x 10 = 20 simultaneous pixels are
transferred to the frame grabber(s) in parallel per Camera Link clock cycle.

The following illustrations depict the bit and wire assignments at the Camera
Link connectors:

Figure 13: Camera link connector: 10-tap pin assignment (O2/O4 or CL1 connector)

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Camera Link interface (01-04 or CL1, CL2)

Figure 14: Camera link connector: 10-tap pin assignment (O1/O3 or CL2 connector)

Serial interface (SerTC, SerTFG)

The Camera Link connectors O2 and O4 (Bonito CL-400B/C 200fps: connector
CL1 only) each provide the asynchronous serial control lines SerTC and SerTFG.

This is the preferred communication channel to control the various camera

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Camera Link interface (01-04 or CL1, CL2)

functions. Both Camera Link serial interfaces (and also the third RS-232 inter­face at the 15-pin D-sub connector) are virtually equal. They all use one global
baud rate setting. They also share the same receive buffer. Output characters
(including echo) are always sent to all activated serial ports. The ports are not
intended for concurrent activity, although it might be possible under particular
circumstances.

However, the serial ports at O2 and O4 (or at CL1) may be deactivated.

Note



Note



Trigger inputs (CC1)

The two Camera Link connectors O2 and O4 (or connector CL1) each provide a
camera control signal CC1. A rising edge at either input may start an exposure.
It depends on the trigger input selection
which of the two CC1 inputs is enabled and how it controls the exposure time.

The Bonito CL-400B/C 200fps cameras provide only one Cam­era Link channel. The serial interface via Camera Link is only
available at the CL1 connector.

• For more information on serial interface configuration:
see chapter Serial control interface configuration (s) on
page 66.

• Consult the documentation of the frame grabber for more
information on how to operate its integrated serial
ports.

T and the current trigger mode M,

Note



Note



The Bonito CL-400B/C 200fps cameras provide only one
Camera Link channel. The serial interface via Camera Link is
only available at the CL1 connector.

For more information on the various trigger and exposure
modes: see chapter Exposure control mode (M) on page 45.

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Camera Link interface (01-04 or CL1, CL2)

Reserve control input (CC2)

The camera control signals CC2 at the Camera Link connectors O2 and O4 (or
connector CL1) are reserved for future use.

Pixel order

Each frame in single channel mode (S=0, max. 193 full frames per second) is
transmitted from top left to bottom right, line per line. The diagram below
shows how the image is reconstructed from the ten Camera Link taps A – J.

Because every tap directly corresponds to a Camera Link port, the port labels are
reused as tap labels here. Each Camera Link clock cycle transmits one block of
ten pixels. Note that the number of lines may vary depending on the value of
parameter

N.

Figure 15: Pixel order: full frame

In the high-speed dual channel modes (
second) the image is split up vertically into two equal sized halves. Each half
uses its own Camera Link channel and the pixel data travels over the corre­sponding connector pair.

Note

This mode is not available for the Bonito CL-400B/C 200fps
cameras.

S=1 or S=3, max. 386 full frames per



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Camera Link interface (01-04 or CL1, CL2)

From the host’s point of view the Bonito behaves like two cameras with half of
the possible image width. The host computer receives two images at the same
time that are reconstructed in the order shown below. It is the duty of the sys­tem designer to allow for assembly of the two halves if the application demands
it.

Figure 16: Pixel order: half frame

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Camera Link interface (01-04 or CL1, CL2)

Timing (FVAL, LVAL, PCLK)

The Camera Link pixel clock frequency of the Bonito is 80 MHz.

The 10-tap configuration transfers 10 pixels per clock cycle at once, or 20 pixels
per clock cycle in the dual-channel mode). The synchronization signals LVAL
(line valid) and FVAL (frame valid) are used to designate valid data output.

Single channel mode

The charts below illustrate the Camera Link timing for single channel mode
(S=0), in continuous mode (M=0). The frame gap may vary in other trigger
modes. Additionally, the number of active lines per frame can be configured by
the user (parameter

N).

Figure 17: Line timing for single channel mode (S=0)

Figure 18: Frame timing for single channel mode (S=0)

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Camera Link interface (01-04 or CL1, CL2)

Dual channel, full line length

The charts below illustrate the Camera Link timing for dual channel mode (full
line length, S=1), in continuous mode (M=0). The frame gap may vary in other
trigger modes. Additionally, the number of active lines per frame can be config­ured by the user (parameter

N).

Note

The diagrams displayed are not applicable for the Bonito CL­400B/C 200fps cameras.



Figure 19: Line timing for dual channel mode (full line length, S=1)

Figure 20: Frame timing for dual channel mode (full line length, S=1)

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Camera Link interface (01-04 or CL1, CL2)

Dual channel, reduced line length

The charts below illustrate the Camera Link timing for dual channel mode (com­patibility mode with reduced line length, S=3), in continuous mode (M=0). The
frame gap may vary in other trigger modes. Additionally, the number of active
lines per frame can be configured by the user (parameter

N).

Note

The diagrams displayed are not applicable for the Bonito CL­400B/C 200fps cameras.



Figure 21: Line timing for dual channel mode (compatibility mode with reduced line length, S=3)

Figure 22: Frame timing for dual channel mode (compatibility mode with reduced line length, S=3)

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Parameters and commands

Parameters and commands

This section explains the basic Bonito configuration parameters and general
commands available to the user. Parameters and commands are communicated
using the camera’s serial interface. For more information see chapter Serial I/O
on page 22.

Note



In this section, all values and examples noted in mono­spaced font are denoted in the hexadecimal numbering

system, if not otherwise noted.

In all cases, explicit base notation (e.g. 0x4711 or 045H) is
omitted to be directly compatible to the camera's command
interface syntax.

Example: to set M to the value of M=0x21,
use the command M=21.

Primary starting address (A)

The parameter A defines the line address of the image sensor that is the first
line of the output image. The value of A in conjunction with N and I is used to
create a region of interest (ROI1).

Range From 0 (topmost line) to 6BD (lowermost line)

Default 0

Related Parameters B, D, N and I

Example A=35E (0x35E = 862), first line at address 862, that is the 863

sensor

rd

line of the

N=F read 16 lines

I=2 read every second line

Note



For more information on double ROI mode and a diagram dis­playing the ROI parameters, see chapter Double region of

interest mode (D) on page 40.

Each image sensor line can only be read once per exposure. Two
ROIs are only possible as long as they do not share the same
line addresses.

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Parameters and commands

Secondary starting address (B)

The value of parameter B is used to create the secondary region of interest
(ROI2).

If the double ROI mode is active, B defines the line of the image sensor that is
the first line of the second half of the output image.

Range From 0 (topmost line) to 6BD (lowermost line)

Default 0

Related Parameters A, B, D, N and I

Example A=F start first AOI at the 16th line

B=1F (0x1F = 31), starts second AOI at the 32nd line

D=1 enable double ROI mode

N=F read 16 lines from each ROI, 32 lines in the output image

I=1 read every line

Note



For more information on double ROI mode and a diagram dis­playing the ROI parameters, see chapter Double region of

interest mode (D) on page 40.

Each image sensor line can only be read once per exposure. Two
ROIs are only possible as long as they do not share the same
line addresses.

Fixed pattern noise (FPN) correction (C)

The Bonito camera provides an FPN correction to improve image quality. Correc-
tion data has to be recorded under low-light conditions. For best correction
quality new correction data should be acquired from time to time.

Range 0, 1, or 3 (value 3 is write-only, will be read as 1)

Default 0

Related Parameter M

Example To acquire new FPN correction data follow this sequence:

• Try to eliminate bright light sources, e.g. switch them off if possible. For
best correction quality, close the iris or use a lens cover.

• Ensure that the camera continuously outputs images at a constant frame
rate, e.g. using the continuous mode:

>M=0[CR]

>

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Parameters and commands

• Send the following serial command to record and apply new correction
data. The camera answers with a new prompt sign if the command has suc­cessfully completed. The execution lasts for the duration of some images.

>C=1[CR]

>

Use the command C=3 to re-enable the FPN correction without acquiring
new correction data. Instead, the correction data acquired by the last
C=1 call will be used. However, correction data is not stored beyond
power loss.

Note

The correction data is volatile. So this command should be exe­cuted at least once after switching-on for best performance.



Double region of interest mode (D)

In double ROI mode (D=1) the camera outputs two equally sized regions of
interest. Both ROIs share the parameters N and I and are output as two halves
of one image. The top half contains the lines of the primary ROI (ROI1), the bot­tom half the lines of the secondary ROI (ROI2) accordingly.

The starting line address for ROI1 is configured using the parameter A.

Parameter B controls the starting line address of ROI2. Each ROI has the height
of (N + 1) lines, the resulting image has (N + 1) * 2 lines.

Parameter D also has an influence on the number of frames per second possible.
Use the following formula to calculate the exact number:

• Max fps = 1 / ((D + 1) * (N + 1) + 1 + IOD) * t

he parameters are explained in the table below

);

L

Parameter Value

D Parameter D

N Parameter N

IOD IOD=0 if Continuous mode (e.g. M=0),

IOD=1 if not in Continuous mode

t

L

Table 6: Parameters for fps calculation

tL = 3 s in single CL channel mode (e.g. S=0),
t

= 1.5 sin dual CL channel mode (e.g. S=1)

L

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Parameters and commands

Figure 23: Parameters relevant in double ROI mode

The diagram illustrates the use of ROI parameters A, B, I, and N, from the sen-
sor’s point of view. The sensor’s first (topmost) line has the address 0, the last
(lowermost) line has the address 6BD.

Range 0 (=off)or 1 (=on)

Default 0

Related Parameters A, B, D, N and I

Example A=0 start first AOI at the first line

B=5BD (0x5BD = 1469), starts second AOI at the 1470

D=1 enable double ROI mode

N=FF (0xFF = 255), reads 256 lines from each ROI, 512 lines in the out-

I=1 read every line

Result: lines no 0 to 255 and no 1469 to 1724 of each image are read.

Exposure time (E)

The exposure time is a 32-bit value. Its time resolution depends on the prescaler
value K. For detailed information see chapter Timer prescaler value (K) on page

45.

put image

th

line

Technically, the value range is 32 bit, whereas the useful exposure times should
be up to approx. 1 second.

Range Useful from 1 to approx. 50000 at K=A7, but not limited to that maximum.

Default 6BE (=1726)

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Parameters and commands

Related Parameters D, F, K, M, N and S.

Example 1 K=53 (0x53 = 84), sets prescaler tick length to 84 clock cycles, which

Example 2 K=A7 (0xA7 = 167), sets prescaler tick length to 167 clock cycles, which

Frame duration must always be greater than exposure time.

corresponds to 1.5 µs

E=6BE (0x6BE = 1726), sets exposure time to 1726 prescaler ticks

F=FA0 (0xFA0 = 4000), sets frame duration to 4000 prescaler ticks

M=3 activate free-running exposure mode using E and F

Result:
exposure time = 1726 * 1.5 s = 2589 s
frame duration = 4000 * 1.5 µs = 6000 µs

corresponds to 3 µs

E=50000 (0x50000 = 327680), sets exposure time to 327680 prescaler ticks

F=50001 (0x50001 = 327681), sets frame duration to 327681 prescaler

ticks (greater than exposure time)

M=3 activate free-running exposure mode using E and F

Result:
exposure time = 327680 * 3 s = 983040 µs = approx. 1 s
frame duration = 327681 * 3 s = 983043 µs

Note



Frame duration (F)

The frame duration is a 32-bit value. Its time resolution depends on the
prescaler value K. For detailed information see chapter Timer prescaler value

(K) on page 45.

The exposure time control using this value is only active if the
trigger mode M is set to the values of 2 or 3.

This parameter will be ignored if the Permanent Exposure
mode, or PIV mode, or Enhanced Full Well mode, is activated.
However, even if one of the above mentioned modes are set, it
may be necessary to set this parameter to get a correct internal
timing sequence.

For more information see chapter Exposure control mode (M)
on page 45.

Range From 2 to FFFFFFFF, depending on K, M and N. Observe meeting the respec-

tive minimum

Default 6BF

Related Parameters D, E, K, M, N and S

Example S=3 enable dual channel Camera Link with grabber compatibility

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Parameters and commands

M=7 activate PIV and free-running exposure mode using E and F

N=6BD (0x6BD = 1725), readout 1726 lines

K=53 (0x53 = 83), sets prescaler tick length to 84 clock cycles, which

corresponds to 1.5 µs

E=1 set small exposure time, although PIV has no exposure control,

the exposure time is needed to create valid internal timing
sequence

F=D7F (0xD7F = 3455), sets frame duration to 3455 prescaler ticks,

Result: frame duration = 3455 * 1.5 µs = 5182.5 µs, the minimum that is valid
for the above-mentioned example settings

Note



Digital gain (G)

The digital gain setting controls shifting of the pixel bits. It selects the eight of
the ten digitizer bits that are output to Camera Link. Overflow is represented by
saturation to maximum.

Range 0, 1, or 2

Default 0

Related (none)

Example G=0 1x digital gain

G=1 2x digital gain

G=2 4x digital gain

The frame duration control using this value is only active if the
trigger mode M is set accordingly. For more information see
chapter Exposure control mode (M) on page 45.

For further information see explanation and examples in chap­ter Timer prescaler value (K) on page 45.

Line address increment (I)

The line address increment value I is added to the current address at the end of
each line read out from the sensor. Setting values > 1 will skip lines accordingly.
In conjunction with a reduced N this is useful to gain higher frame rates without
diminishing the field of view (also known as sub-sampling).

If the maximum line address has been reached before end of image readout, the
address will wrap around and restart from the beginning.

Range From 1 to FF

Default 1

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Parameters and commands

Related Parameters A, B, D, and N

Example I=4 output every 4

N=1AF (0x1AF = 431), sets number of lines to 431, which equals a quarter

of the full image

th

Synchronization output (J)

Parameter J sends an output synchronization signal to pin 6 of the camera con­trol connector.

Valid values: Either one of the values 0, 1, 2, 3, 8, 9, A, B

Default 1

Related Parameters D, E, F, M, N and S

Setting Output signal

line

J=0 Effective sensor exposure

J=1

J=2 Effective sensor readout

J=3

J=8 Same as J=0, but with inverted logic on sync output

J=9 Same as J=1, but with inverted logic on sync output

J=A Same as J=2, but with inverted logic on sync output

J=B Same as J=3, but with inverted logic on sync output

Charge transfer pulse

Active for one line duration at the end of exposure. End of this
pulse marks the end of exposure and at the same time star t of sen­sor readout.

In PIV mode: this pulse occurs at the exposure end of only the first
image of each PIV pair. For more information see chapter PIV

mode (bit group p) on page 51

Exposure phase

Contrary to J=0, this setting shows the exposure phase of the
internal state machine and not the effective exposure of the sen­sor. This allows to synchronize external devices even if the sensor
is in permanent exposure mode. For more details see chapter

Exposure control mode (M) on page 45.

Table 7: Synchronization output

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Parameters and commands

Timer prescaler value (K)

The prescaler value is used to divide the basic timer clock frequency of 56 MHz
by a value of (K + 1) down to a smaller clock frequency. The resulting frequency
is utilized as the time base for exposure time E and frame duration F. This
parameter is 16 bit wide.

The implementation of this value provides flexibility between the maximum
interval length, the smallest possible resolution, and the size of the numbers
involved.

If the value K is increased while the values E and F stay the same, the real expo­sure time and frame duration will decrease.

Range From 1 to FFFF (0xFFFF = 65535)

Default A7, leading to 3 s

Related Parameters E, F

Example 1 K=A7 (0xA7 = 167, timer resolution of ((167 + 1) / 56 MHz) = 3 s)

E=64 (0x64 = 100, sets exposure time to 100 prescaler ticks)

F=FA0 (0xFA0 = 4,000, set frame duration to 4,000 prescaler ticks)

Result:
exposure time: 100 * 3 s = 300 s
frame duration = 4,000 * 3 s = 12,000 s

Example 2 K=53 (0x53 = 83, timer resolution of ((83 + 1) / 56 MHz) = 1.5 s)

E=64 (0x64 = 100, sets exposure time to 100 prescaler ticks)

F=FA0 (0xFA0 = 4,000, set frame duration to 4,000 prescaler ticks)

Result:
exposure time: 100 * 1.5 s = 150 s
frame duration = 4,000 * 1.5 s = 6,000 s

Note

Use exact multiples of the current line duration to minimize
exposure and frame-to-frame jitter. (K=A7 for 3 µs, K=53 for

1.5 µs)



Exposure control mode (M)

Use parameter M to setup the exposure control mode. The exposure control
depends on a number of general timing parameters that are specified in the
table below.

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Parameters and commands

Parameter Value

Line Duration (S=0)t

Line Duration (S=1)t

Line Duration (S=3)t

Frame Output Time (D=0)t

Frame Output Time (D=1)t

Minimum Frame Duration t

= 3 s

L

= 1.5 s

L

= 1.5 s

L

= (N + 1) * t

F

= 2 * (N + 1) * t

F

= tF + t

FDmin

Timer Resolution tTR = (K + 1) / 56 MHz

Table 8: Exposure control parameters

Range From 0 to 7, from 10 to 17, from 20 to 27, from 30 to 37

Default 0

Related Parameters D, E, F, J, N, and S

Three sub-fields are available to control the exposure time and frame duration
of the Bonito CL-400B/C:

• Exposure timing mode

•PIV mode

• Exposure feature mode

L

L

L

All of these sub-fields are controlled by the parameter M, each of them working
independently from the other sub-fields. The sub-fields within the parameter M
are represented by differently sized bit groups.

Bit group Sub-field description

e Exposure timing mode

p PIV mode

f Exposure feature mode

Table 9: Exposure control mode: attribution of bit groups and sub-fields

76543210

--ff-pee

rw rw rw rw rw

Table 10: Exposure control mode: order of bit groups within parameter M

To set a sub-field to a certain value, modify the associated bit group by allocat­ing M to the appropriate hexadecimal number.

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Parameters and commands

Since all of the sub-fields are set using the parameter M, it is only possible to set
all of them at the same time. The value of M is calculated as the aggregate sum
of the hexadecimal values that are set to each of the three sub-fields.

The table below shows the hexadecimal weights that can be set for each sub­field. To work out the final value for M, select a setting for each sub-field, then
add up the corresponding hexadecimal values.

Bit values Setting Weight

(hexadecimal)

Exposure timing mode

--xx-x00 Continuous mode 0

--xx-x01 Image on demand mode (IOD) 1

--xx-x10 Image on demand mode (IOD)

2

with exposure timer

--xx-x11 Image on demand mode (IOD)

3

with exposure timer and frame duration timer

PIV mode

--xx-0xx PIV mode off 0

--xx-1xx PIV mode on 4

Exposure feature mode

--00-xxx Standard mode 0

--01-xxx Enhanced full well (3T) mode 10

--10-xxx Permanent exposure mode 20

--11-xxx Reserved value 30

Table 11: Exposure control mode: values for each setting

See the following pages for detailed explanation of each sub-field.

Examples M=0 (Default)

Sets the bit field to „- - 0 0 - 0 0 0“

• Activates Continuous mode (weight = 0)

• Deactivates PIV mode (weight = 0)

• Activates Standard exposure feature mode (weight = 0)

M=21

(0x21 = 0b100001), sets the bit field to „- - 1 0 - 0 0 1“

• Activates Image on demand mode (IOD) (weight = 1)

• Deactivates PIV mode (weight = 0)

• Activates Permanent exposure mode (weight = 20)

M=22

(0x22 = 0b100010), sets the bit field to „- - 1 0 - 0 1 0“

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Parameters and commands

• Activates Image on demand mode (IOD) with exposure timer (weight = 2)

• Deactivates PIV mode (weight = 0)

• Activates Permanent exposure mode (weight = 20)

M=2A
(0x2A = 0b101010. This value is not recommended since bit #3 is set to 1 here,
even though it is not used by the parameter.)

Sets the bit field to „- - 1 0 - 0 1 0“

• Activates Image on demand mode (IOD) with exposure timer (weight = 2)

• Deactivates PIV mode (weight = 0)

• Activates Permanent exposure mode (weight = 20)

Exposure timing mode (bit group e)

The exposure timing mode allows to switch between the continuous mode and
three different IOD modes.

Weight

Setting

(hexadecimal)

0 Continuous mode

1 Image on demand mode (IOD)

2 Image on demand mode (IOD)

with exposure timer

3 Image on demand mode (IOD)

with exposure timer and frame duration timer

Table 12: Exposure timing mode - possible values

Continuous mode

Bit group: e

Value: 0

The camera outputs images as fast as possible in free-running mode.

The gap between two images is only one line, the total frame duration takes
t

. The exposure time is nearly equal to this inherent minimal frame dura-

FDmin

tion.

Image on demand mode (IOD)

Bit group: e

Value: 1

The exposure is triggered by an external signal.

Use parameter T to select the signal source. A rising edge starts exposure syn­chronizing to the line after the next line.

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Parameters and commands

Parameter Value

Trigger Period t

TP

> t

FDmin

+ t

L

Trigger High Duration tL < tTH < tTP – t

L

Exposure Jitter 0 < tj < t

L

Exposure Time t

Exp

= tTH– tL ± t

j

Table 13: Exposure timing mode, M=1, timing parameters

The next falling edge stops the exposure and starts the output of the image syn­chronized to the next line.

Due to the line jitter the next rising edge of the trigger should not appear earlier
than t

+ tL after the previous rising edge.

FDmin

Figure 24: Exposure timing mode, M=1, flow diagram

Image on demand mode (IOD) with exposure timer

Bit group: e

Value: 2

The exposure time is controlled by the parameter E.

Each rising edge of an externally applied signal starts one exposure. Use param­eter T to select the signal source.

A rising edge at the corresponding input starts exposure synchronized to the
line after the next.

The next rising edge must not arrive earlier than

t

+ tL

FDmin

or

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Parameters and commands

Parameter Value

Trigger Period t

TP

> max (t

FDmin

, E * tTR ) + t

L

Trigger High Duration tL < tTH < tTP – t

L

Exposure Jitter 0 < tj < t

L

Exposure Time t

Exp

= E * tTR – tL± t

j

Table 14: Exposure timing mode, M=2, timing parameters

E * t

+ t

TR

L,

whichever is the bigger, after the previous rising edge.

Figure 25: Exposure timing mode, M=2, flow diagram

Image on demand mode (IOD) with exposure timer and frame duration timer

Bit group: e

Value: 3

This mode is also free-running (like M=0), but exposure time and frame dura­tion is set accordingly, using the parameters E and F. Furthermore, the start of
the exposure may optionally be synchronized to the rising edge of an externally
applied synchronization pulse. Use parameter T to select the synchronization
signal source. If any synchronization event takes place during exposure, the
current frame may be exposed abnormally.

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Parameters and commands

Parameter Value

Trigger High Duration
(Sync Pulse)

t

L

< tTH < F * tTR – t

L

Exposure Jitter 0 < tj < t

L

Exposure Time t

Exp

= E * tTR – tL± t

j

Frame Duration F * tTR ≥ max (t

FDmin

+ tL , E * tTR + tL )

Table 15: Exposure timing mode, M=3, timing parameters

Figure 26: Exposure timing mode, M=3, flow diagram

PIV mode (bit group p)

Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is a contact-free method for tracking and visu­alizing the movement of particles in liquids or gases that travel at high velocity.
At first, the position of identical particles in two subsequent images is deter­mined. This allows to calculate speed and direction of the particles, in every
part of the acquired images.

If PIV mode is enabled, the camera outputs two images for each trigger event.
That way, it is possible to minimize the time between the exposure of the two
images to the possible minimum. This improves the measuring precision at high
velocities.

The evaluation always and only takes place between images of the same pair.

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Parameters and commands

Basic working principle of the CMOS sensor

A basic understanding of the CMOS sensor‘s working principle is required to
understand how the PIV mode of the Bonito operates. For that reason, a simpli­fied short explanation is included below.

Figure 27: Simplified diagram of the CMOS pixel architecture

Each pixel of the sensor is a shutter pixel that includes a photo detector, a pixel
memory, and a number of gates.

The photo detector accumulates the charge produced by light (exposure).

When the electronic shutter gate is open, the charge accumulated in the photo
detector is removed, and the photo detector is reset. During exposure, the elec­tronic shutter gate is closed.

When the transfer gate opens, the charge is transferred internally from the
photo detector to the pixel memory. The photo detector keeps charging while
the transfer takes place.

At readout, the charge from the pixel memory is converted into a digital signal
that is output via the readout and control architecture to the Camera Link con­nection.

PIV sequence

Range Either 0 (PIV mode off) or 4 (PIV mode on)

Default 0

Related Parameter J

Example M=4

(0x4 = bx100), sets the bit field to „- - 0 0 - 1 0 0“.

• Activates Image on Demand mode (IOD) (weight = 0)

• Activates PIV mode (weight = 4)

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Parameters and commands

• Sets Exposure feature mode to Standard (weight = 0)

For technical reasons, exposure control is not available in PIV mode, the expo­sure is permanently active (the reset gate in every pixel is always closed). This
has two practical implications:

• A synchronized pulsed light source is necessary in order to generate rele­vant images that can be evaluated. To generate contrast-rich images,
ambient light has to be minimized.

• To change the exposure time, change the frame rate. Exposure time of
each image is directly determined by the frame rate. End of exposure is
defined by the end of the internal charge transfer.

Note

You cannot use the Exposure feature mode if the PIV mode is
active.



There are two ways to control the frame rate:

• use parameter F to control the frame duration

• use an external trigger signal and apply parameter T to select the trigger
source

However, the camera outputs two images per trigger event, therefore the high­est trigger rate is limited to approx. half the usual (non PIV mode) rate.

www



Start of the PIV

sequence Since the exposure is always active, the sensor‘s photo-sensitive pixels are

always integrating charge. No shutter control is available; exposure time is only
determined by the frame rate.

For practical applications of particle image velocimetry, refer
to the AVT application notes online:

http://www.alliedvisiontec.com/fileadmin/content/PDF/
Support/Application_Notes/PIV_Particle_Image_Velocime­try_en.pdf

The PIV sequence is triggered by the usual trigger input and timing settings of
the camera. Each rising edge of the selected input signal starts the PIV
sequence.

The trigger high duration t
but at least 500 ns.

If not in Continuous mode, the time between two rising trigger edges must
exceed 2 * ((N+1)+1)+1 line durations t

eters not depending on the setting of other parameters. on page 57).

If in Continuous mode, the camera is free-running and needs the time of 2 *
((N+1)+1) line durations t

For that reason, the trigger signals‘ rising edge can be placed at least one line
duration after the second readout of the previous PIV sequence is complete.

should be shorter than the duration of N+1 lines,

TH

(see Table 17: PIV mode timing param-

L

per PIV pair.

L

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Parameters and commands

Internal charge

transfer and readout The internal charge transfer of the first image is started with some fixed delay

and it takes the time of one line duration (t

). The end of the charge transfer

L

effectively terminates the exposure of the first PIV frame and internally starts
exposure of the second PIV frame.

During any charge transfer, the sensor‘s photo detectors keep integrating
charge. Even the charge that is newly integrated during the transfer process, is
transferred to the sensor‘s pixel memory. I.e. a strobe or flash pulse that is fired
during the charge transfer will contribute to the image.

Once the charge transfer for the first frame is completed, the new charge that
integrates within the sensor‘s photo detectors, will contribute to the next
frame.

The internal readout of the first PIV frame, from the sensor‘s pixel memory to
the Camera Link output ports, starts directly after the end of charge transfer. It
takes the time of (N+1) line durations.

At the same time, the sensor‘s photo detectors continue to integrate charge,
even during the readout process. The charge accumulated during this phase
contributes to the exposure of the second PIV frame.

Synchronization

output The synchronization output signal determines how the images are paired by

The internal charge transfer of the second PIV frame automatically starts
directly after the internal readout of the first PIV frame is complete. It takes the
time of one line duration (t

), during which the sensor‘s photo detectors keep

L

integrating charge for the second PIV frame.

When the charge transfer of the second PIV frame is complete, its internal read­out starts automatically, which also takes the time of (N+1) line durations.

During this phase, the exposure of the next first PIV image has already started.
However, this image already belongs to the succeeding PIV image pair, which is
not yet triggered at this stage.

After readout of the second PIV frame from the pixel memory is completed, the
trigger may start the whole sequence anew. However, the camera needs at least
one line duration of dead time before it is ready for the next trigger event, pro­vided the camera is not configured to continuous mode (e.g. M=4).

externally communicating the start and end of each PIV sequences‘ first charge
transfer. It allows to synchronize external devices, such as flashes, with the PIV
sequence.

The falling edge at synchronization output signals that the charge transfer of
the first PIV frame has begun (See Figure 28: PIV mode flow diagram on page

56). This requires the setting J=1, it may be used to trigger the first flash pulse,
but the recommended guard interval t

of the flash pulse should not be under-

G1

cut.

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Parameters and commands

The rising edge at synchronization output signalizes externally that the expo­sure of the first PIV frame has ended. This requires setting J=1, and may be
used to trigger the second flash pulse. The recommended guard interval t

G2

will

be kept automatically.

To move the second flash pulse closer to the first end of charge transfer, use an
external timing device that is triggered by an external camera trigger or the
previous falling edge of the synchronization output.

Depending on the synchronization output setting (parameter J), the corre­sponding pin at the camera's control connector may directly output the first
charge transfer pulse for each PIV pair. By default, the falling edge of the syn­chronization signal always coincides with the beginning of the charge transfer
of the first image, plus some delay (t

S1

).

When the first charge transfer ends, the synchronization signal rises back to
high level, again with a delay (t

S2

).

The synchronization signal is accessible through pin 6 of the 15-pin D-sub con­nector. For more information about the synchronization signal, see section Syn-

chronization output (pin 6) on page 26, and the chapter Synchronization out­put (J) on page 44.

Timing of the flash

pulses To ensure high quality image results, the flash pulses should contribute pre-

dominantly to the exposure of the images, also the ambient light should be
minimized as much as possible.

The first strobe pulse should be placed shortly before the end of internal charge
transfer of the first PIV frame.

The second strobe pulse should be placed after the end of internal charge trans­fer of the first PIV image.

To minimize the crosstalk between the first and the second image, do not shift
the first strobe pulse position too close to the end of charge transfer. The guard
interval time t

(see Table 17: PIV mode timing parameters not depending on

G1

the setting of other parameters. on page 57) is a recommended minimum.

Depending on the application it may be adjusted individually.

For the same reason, the recommended minimum guard interval time t

G2

(see

Table 17: PIV mode timing parameters not depending on the setting of other
parameters. on page 57) for the second strobe pulse should be kept, but

depending on the application it may be adjusted individually.

Synchronization of the flash pulses can be realized e.g. by an external timing
generator that generates a pair of strobe pulses. Alternatively, the synchroni­zation can be implemented by using the corresponding output signal of the
camera. For information on synchronization output see J in chapter Synchroni-

zation output (J) on page 44.

Examples M=5

(0x5 = 0b101), sets the bit field to „- - 0 0 - 1 0 1“.

• Activates Image on Demand mode (IOD) (weight = 1)

• Activates PIV mode (weight = 4)

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Parameters and commands

• Sets the Exposure feature mode to Standard. (weight = 0)

Even though the Exposure feature mode is set to Standard, not to Perma­nent Exposure mode, the exposure is always active, due to activation of
the PIV mode.

M=7

(0x7 = 0b111), sets the bit field to „- - 0 0 - 1 1 1“.

• Activates Image on Demand mode (IOD) with exposure timer and frame
duration timer mode (weight = 3)

• Activates PIV mode (weight = 4)

• Sets the Exposure feature mode to Standard. (weight = 0)

Figure 28: PIV mode flow diagram

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Parameters and commands

Parameter Value

Trigger rate requirement

t

> (2 * ((N + 1)+1)+1) * t

T

L

(or equivalent frame duration
setting F)

Trigger high duration require­ment (or equivalent exposure
time setting E)

tTH < (N + 1) * t

tTH > 500 ns

L

Table 16: PIV mode timing parameters - settings E and F depend on exposure

timing mode setting of parameter M

Parameter Value

First trigger to end-of-charge­transfer delay

First delay to end-of-charge-

t

TD1 = tL

t

TD1 = tL

t

TD2 =

+ 250 ns (@ T=2, typical)

+ 150 ns (@ T=3, typical)

(N + 2) * t

L

transfer

Trigger to end-of-charge-transfer

tTJ < 25 ns

jitter

End-of-charge-transfer to sync
dalay

Readout start to sync t

Guard interval 1 t

Guard interval 2 t

t

800 ns (@ T=2, typical)

S1 =

t

= 700 ns (@ T=3, typical)

S1

= 700 ns typical

S2

: t.b.d. (expected: tG1 < 350 ns typical)

G1

: t.b.d. (expected: tG2 < 350 ns typical)

G2

Table 17: PIV mode timing parameters not depending on the setting of other

parameters.

Exposure feature mode (bit group f)

The exposure feature mode allows to switch between Standard mode, Enhanced
full well mode and Permanent exposure mode.

Weight
(hexadecimal)

0 Standard mode

16 Enhanced full well (3T) mode

32 Permanent exposure mode

48 (Reserved value)

Usage

Table 18: Exposure feature mode: possible values

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Parameters and commands

Standard mode

Bit group: f

Weight: 0

Enhanced full well (3T) mode

Bit group: f

Weight: 10

The full image shutter is not available in this mode. Instead, the sensor oper­ates in rolling shutter mode, the effective shutter time equals the image dura­tion. For that reason, a synchronized strobe light is recommended.

Consequently, any exposure time setting controlled by Parameter E or by exter-
nal signal is ignored.

The light should flash between two image readouts, which may be the duration
of one line at highest possible image rate.

Decrease the image rate accordingly, if longer exposure times are needed. Use
the sync output (RS232 driver at pin 6) for synchronization.

Permanent exposure mode

Bit group: f

Weight: 20

Use this mode to maximize the exposure time.

If activated, the exposure time equals the image duration.

Consequently, any exposure time setting controlled by parameter E or by exter­nal signal is ignored.

Number of lines (N)

The number of lines per frame is controlled with N. The actual line count is N+1,
the default of N=6BD results into 1726 output lines. If the double ROI mode is
active (D=1) the actual line count is doubled: (N + 1) * 2.

Parameter N also has an influence on the number of frames per second possible.
Use the following formula to calculate the exact number:

• Max fps = 1 / ((D + 1) * (N + 1) + 1 + IOD) * t

he parameters are explained in the table below

);

L

Parameter Value

D Parameter D

N Parameter N

Table 19: Parameters for fps calculation

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Parameters and commands

Range From 0 to 6BD

Default 6BD

Related Parameters A, B, D, I, and M

Example 1 M=0

Parameter Value

IOD IOD=0 if Continuous mode (e.g. M=0),

IOD=1 if not in Continuous mode

t

L

tL = 3 s in single CL channel mode (e.g. S=0),

= 1.5 sin dual CL channel mode (e.g. S=1)

t

L

Table 19: Parameters for fps calculation

S=0 [t

D=0 (not for Bonito CL-400B/C 200fps cameras)

N (see table on next page)

Setting No. of lines Minimum frame duration t

N=6BD 1726 5.181 ms 193.01

N=681 1666 5.001 ms 199.96

N=14B 332 0.999 ms 1001.0

N=1F 32 0.099 ms 10101

N=0 1 0.006 ms 166667

Example 2 M=0

S=1 [t

D=0 (not for Bonito CL-400B/C 200fps cameras)

N (see table below)

= 3 s]

L

= 1.5 s]

L

FDmin

Table 20: Timing examples (M=0, S=0, D=0)

Frame rate/fps

Setting No. of lines Minimum frame duration t

FDmin

Frame rate/fps

N=6BD 1726 2.5905 ms 386.03

N=681 1666 2.5005 ms 399.92

N=14B 332 0.4995 ms 2002.0

N=1F 32 0.0495 ms 20202

N=0 1 0.0030 ms 333333

Table 21: Timing examples (M=0, S=1, D=0)

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Parameters and commands

Note



• Consider the number of lines in minimum frame duration
calculations for the image on demand (IOD) mode.

• For more information about calculation of the minimum
frame duration and dependent IOD mode timing con­straints, see chapter Exposure control mode (M) on page

45.

Camera Link output mode setting (S)

The parameter S controls how the camera outputs pixel data to the Camera Link
interface.

• For more information about how the resulting image is reconstructed in
the various modes, see chapter Pixel order on page 33.

• For more information about pixel output timing, see chapter Timing

(FVAL, LVAL, PCLK) on page 35.

Valid values: Either 0, 1, 3, 5, or 7

Default 0

Related Parameters s, T

Examples (see settings table below.

Setting Function

S=0 • Mode: Single channel mode

• Frame rate: 193 fps

• Line length: 2320 pixels

• The camera utilizes one Camera Link 80-bit channel in 10­tap configuration. It allows only half of the maximum frame
rate but also produces less noise in the image because the
sensor clock frequency is reduced.

(To be continued on next page.)

S=0 (Continued from previous page.)

The preferred Camera Link connector pair for this mode is the left
channel O2 / O1, but the other pair (O4 / O3) also outputs all
pixel data. The CC signals and SerTC / SerTFG are handled sepa­rately per channel. That means for example the trigger source
selection (T) and serial port configuration (s) might need
adjustments if O4 / O3 are used. The Bonito CL-400B/C 200fps
provides only one channel at the connectors CL1/CL2.

Table 22: Camera Link output settings.

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Parameters and commands

Setting Function

S=1 • Mode: Dual channel mode (not for Bonito CL-400B/C

200fps)

• Frame rate: 386 fps

• Line length: 2 x 1160 = 2320 pixels

The image is split vertically into a left and a right half. Each half
has a horizontal size of 1160 pixels and is output separately via
its own Camera Link 80-bit channel. The left half travels via the
left Camera Link channel at the connectors O2 / O1 and the right
half travels via O4 /O3 respectively.

S=3 • Mode: Dual channel mode (not for Bonito CL-400B/C

200fps)

• Frame rate: 386 fps

• Line length: 2 x 1120 = 2240 pixels

This mode is the same as S=1, with the difference of a shortened
line length. For frame grabber compatibility reasons 40 pixel col­umns at the left and right side of the full image are dropped so
that the line length of each image half is divisible by 16.

S=5 Same as S=1, but with right image half via O2/O1 and left image

half via O4/O3 (if available).

S=7 Same as S=3, but with right image half via O2/O1 and left image

half via O4/O3 (if available).

(Others) Reserved for future use.

Table 22: Camera Link output settings.

Trigger source selection (T)

This parameter selects the signal source for triggering and exposure control.

For more information about usage of the selected signals: see chapter Exposure

control mode (M) on page 45.

Range Either 0, 2, 3, or 4

Default 3

Related Parameter M

Example T=2 Select the optocoupler input at pins 10 and 11 of the I/O connec-

tor as trigger source

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Parameters and commands

Setting Function

T=0 No input selected.

T=2 Optocoupler OK1 at pins 10 and 11 of the control connector.

T=3 CC1 at the Camera Link connector O2 or CL1 (default).

T=4 CC1 at the Camera Link connector O4.

(Others) Reserved for future use.

Table 23: Trigger source selection (T)

Note

For more information:
see chapter Trigger input (pin 10-11) on page 27
and chapter Trigger inputs (CC1) on page 32.



Metadata overlay and test image generator (U)

The Bonito can overlay the image’s first pixels with some bytes of metadata,
such as a hardware frame counter. The frame counter increments for each image
read out from the sensor. This helps to increase system reliability by detecting
missing frames on the host system. In dual channel mode (S=1 or S=3) it can
also be used to join the two related image halves because they have the same
counter value.

Furthermore, to test the Camera Link cabling and frame grabber operability, a
test image generator is available. It forces the camera to output an almost fixed
test image containing grey wedges, black and white stripes with various fre­quencies and edge markers.

Range Either 0, 1, 10, or 11

Default 0

Related Parameters C, D, G, N, and M

Examples (see settings table below.)

Setting Function

U=0 Normal image output.

Table 24: Trigger source selection (T)

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Parameters and commands

Setting Function

U=1 Enable metadata overlay

The overlay occupies the first (top left) 8 pixels of each frame.

Metadata format for the left Camera Link channel (connectors
O2/O1 or CL1/CL2):

• Pixel offset 0–3 (4 bytes): constant ASCII characters CM4L

• Pixel offset 4–7 (4 bytes): 32-bit frame counter, LSB first
(Intel format)

Metadata format for the right Camera Link channel (connectors
O4/O3):

• Pixel offset 0–3 (4 bytes): constant ASCII characters CM4R

• Pixel offset 4–7 (4 bytes): 32-bit frame counter, LSB first
(Intel format)

U=10 Enable test image generator. Full test image appears with

N=6BD, I=1, G=0 and D=0.

U=11 Enable metadata overlay and test image generator.

(Others) Reserved for future use

Note



Dark value offset (W)

Dark value offset is an 8-bit parameter that is added to the pixel data. It adjusts
the dark level and avoids clipping of pixels to black in low-light situations. The
eight bits are aligned to the lowest significant bit of the 10-bit raw pixel data
from the sensor.

If the digital gain is not active (G=0), each increment of four increases the out­put grey level just by one count.

Table 24: Trigger source selection (T)

• The effective image size and also the frame rate depend
on the corresponding camera settings such as e.g. D, N
or M. Edge markers are only fully visible if all 1726 active
lines are output.

• The digital gain setting G also applies to the test image,
but the FPN correction

C is temporary disabled.

Version information (V)

The command V displays information about the camera model and firmware ver-
sion.

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Parameters and commands

>V

Bonito CMOS High-Speed Camera

Version: CMC.040.xx.yy

>

Save parameters (X)

Use the command X=1 to store all parameter values into the embedded flash
memory. After a re-start they are automatically restored.

Note



Acquired FPN correction data is not stored and is, therefore,
lost after switch-off.

See chapter Fixed pattern noise (FPN) correction (C) on page

39.

Parameter summary (Y)

The command Y shows a summary of all current parameter value settings.

Reset to factory defaults (Z)

The command Z=1 sets the camera into a factory default state. To save the new
parameter configuration, the command X=1 has to be executed afterwards.

The default settings are:

A=0000

B=0000

C=00

D=00

E=000006BE

F=000006BF

G=00

I=01

J=01

K=A7

M=00

N=06BD

S=00

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Parameters and commands

T=03

U=00

W=18

s=2A

>

Note



The serial interfaces are not reinitialized by Z=1. The baud
rate does not change until re-start of the camera or explicitly
writing a new value to the serial interface configuration
parameter s.

Serial number (a)

The camera’s serial number is stored as 16-bit value. Use the command a to
read it.

Product variant code (b)

The product variant code is a 16-bit number unambiguously identifying the
camera variant. Use command b to read it.

b Article number Camera variant

0000 1064000 CMC-4000 / C-Mount

0001 1064001 CMC-4000 / F-Mount

0002 1064002 CMC-4000 / EF-Mount

0010 1064010 CMC-4000C / C-Mount

0011 1064011 CMC-4000C / F-Mount

0012 1064012 CMC-4000C / EF-Mount

4000 4064000 Bonito CL-400B

4001 4064001 Bonito CL-400B F-Mount

4002 4064002 Bonito CL-400B EF-Mount

4010 4064010 Bonito CL-400C

4011 4064011 Bonito CL-400C F-Mount

4012 4064012 Bonito CL-400C EF-Mount

4020 4064020 Bonito CL-400B 200fps

4021 4064021 Bonito CL-400B F-Mount 200fps

Table 25: Product variant code (b)

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Parameters and commands

b Article number Camera variant

4022 4064022 Bonito CL-400B EF-Mount 200fps

4030 4064030 Bonito CL-400C 200fps

4031 4064031 Bonito CL-400C F-Mount 200fps

4032 4064032 Bonito CL-400C EF-Mount 200fps

4100 4064100 Bonito CL-400BS

FFFF - Unknown / test / prototype

Table 25: Product variant code (b)

Serial control interface configuration (s)

Use parameter s to set up the serial control interface of the camera, such as
baud rate, enable state, or echo mode.

Range From 0 to FFFF.

Since the parameter s is divided into three different sub-fields (see further
below), the following ranges cover all possible uses of this parameter. It is rec­ommended not to use parameters that are outside the defined ranges.

0 to A, 20 to 2A, 40 to 4A, 60 to 6A, 80 to 8A, A0 to AA, C0 to CA, E0 to EA.

Default 2A (115,200 Baud, additionally activates second channel via Camera Link con-

nector O2, each character received from the host is echoed back to it.)

Related Three sub-fields are available to control the serial control interface, of the

Bonito CL-400B/C:

• Baud rate of the serial ports

• Echo mode

• Enable state of the serial ports

All of these sub-fields are controlled by the parameter s, however, each of them
works independently from the other sub-fields. The sub-fields are represented
by bit groups of different size within the parameter s.

Bit group Sub-field description

x Controls the baud rate of the serial ports.

a Controls the enable state of the serial ports.

e Controls the echo mode.

Table 26: Attribution of bit groups and sub-fields

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Parameters and commands

FEDCBA9876543210

--------eaa-xxxx

- - - - - - - - rw rw rw rw rw rw rw

Table 27: Order of bit groups within parameter s

To set a sub-field to a certain value, modify the associated bit group by allocat­ing s to the appropriate hexadecimal number.

Since all of the sub-fields are set using the parameter s, it is only possible to set
all of them at the same time. The value of s is calculated as the aggregate sum
of the hexadecimal values that are set to each of the three sub-fields.

The table below shows the hexadecimal values that can be set for each sub­field. To work out the final value for s, select the usage for each sub-field, then
add the corresponding hexadecimal values.

Bit values Settings Weight

(hexadecimal)

Baud rate of the serial ports

xxx-0000 110 Baud * 0

xxx-0001 300 Baud * 1

xxx-0010 600 Baud * 2

xxx-0011 1,200 Baud * 3

xxx-0100 2,400 Baud * 4

xxx-0101 4,800 Baud * 5

* Baud rates up to 4,800 Baud are not available via Camera Link.

xxx-0110 9,600 Baud 6

xxx-0111 19,200 Baud 7

xxx-1000 38,400 Baud 8

xxx-1001 57,600 Baud 9

xxx-1010 115,200 Baud A

Enable state of the serial ports

x00-xxxx RS232 via 15-pin D-sub connector only. 0

x01-xxxx Additionally activates second channel via

20

Camera Link connector O2.

x10-xxxx Additionally activates second channel via

40

Camera Link connector O4.

x11-xxxx

Additionally activates second channel via

60

Camera Link connector O2 and O4.

Table 28: Baud rate: hexadecimal weights for each setting

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Parameters and commands

Example 1 s=29

Example 2 s=16

Bit values Settings Weight

(hexadecimal)

Echo mode

0xx-xxxx Each character received from the host is

echoed back to it.

1xx-xxxx No echo 80

Table 28: Baud rate: hexadecimal weights for each setting

(0x29 = bx101001), sets the bit field to „0 0 1 - 1 0 0 1“

• Sets the baud rate to 57,600 Baud (weight = 9)

• Activates second channel via Camera Link connector O2 (weight = 20)

• Each character received from the host is echoed back to it (weight = 0)

0

(0x16 = bx10110), sets the bit field to „0 0 1 - 0 1 1 0“

• Sets the baud rate to 9,600 Baud (weight = 6)

• Activates second channel via Camera Link connector O2 (weight = 20)

• Each character received from the host is echoed back to it (weight = 0)

Example 3 s=AA

(0xAA = bx10101010), sets the bit field to „1 0 1 - 1 0 1 0“

• Sets the baud rate to 115,200 Baud (weight = A)

• Activates second channel via Camera Link connector O2 (weight = 20)

• No echo (weight = 80)

Show Help text (?)

The command ? shows an embedded command reference text at the serial ter­minal. It lists a short description for each command available in the firmware.

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Bayer filter mosaic pattern

Bayer filter mosaic pattern

The color variants of the Bonito are equipped with a Bayer filter mosaic on the
image sensor that is aligned to the top left corner of the sensor as shown in the
following pattern:

G R G R ...

B G B G ...

G R G R ...

B G B G ...

... ... ... ... ...

Changing the output mode (parameter
ment in the output image. On the other hand, modifying the ROI settings (A, B,
D, I, N) may lead to misalignments. Observe consistent mapping of even and
odd sensor rows to even and odd rows in the output image when changing the
ROI settings.

S) does not affect the pattern align-

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Appendix

Appendix

Command reference

This chapter describes the general command reference of the
Bonito CL-400B/C firmware. It can be output to the camera’s serial interface by
sending the command ?=1.

Bonito CL-400 and CMC-4000 Series Command Reference
===============================================================================
Referenced Firmware...: CMC.040.01.07

Document Version......: 06 / 02.02.2012

(C) Allied Vision Technologies GmbH

General Information

-------------------

Each command consists of a command letter, optionally followed by an equality
sign and a parameter value in hexadecimal number representation. The command
letter is case sensitive. Hexadecimal values are always upper case and are 1 to
8 digits long. The command is activated by sending a carriage return character
([CR], ASCII character number 0x0D). Serial communication operates in echo mode
by default. This means that each character received by the module is echoed
back to the PC.

Example (set Baudrate to 115200 Baud, RS-232 only):
s=A[CR]

After successful execution of the command, the command prompt character ">" is
output. If any error occurred, somewhere previous to the prompt a question
mark character "?" is displayed.

To query a parameter value, send the corresponding command letter followed by
the equality sign and a question mark character:
s=?[CR]

If the intended action does not need any parameter, it is also sufficient - as
a shortcut - to send the command letter only, directly followed by [CR].

At the beginning of a command sequence it is good practice to check the serial
communication by sending just a [CR] to the camera and verify that the command
prompt ">" is returned. There is an input buffer holding a few characters
but no hardware handshake. a sequence of commands should not be send to
the camera without awaiting the intermediate input prompts. Otherwise the
camera’s serial input buffer may overflow.

How to use Help

---------------

To see this help text type the following command:
?[CR]

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Conventions

-----------

<p8> : 8 bits long parameter value (1 to 2 Hex characters)
<p16> : 16 bits long parameter value (1 to 4 Hex characters)
<p32> : 32 bits long parameter value (1 to 8 Hex characters)
<aa**_bcbb> : 8 bits long parameter (resulting in two hex chars)
consisting of bit fields. The function of each bit field is
described, like this:
"aa" : Lower case letters label the bits of interest.
"**" : Reserved, should be written as "0", read undefined.
"_" : Separation character for readability.
"bcbb" : Bit fields may have any length and can be split up.
(*) : Some commands are only accessible in a special password protected
service mode.

Command and Parameter Overview - Service Mode

---------------------------------------------

a=<p16> : Set the serial number A and save it to flash. In user mode
read access to this value is available. (*)

b=<p16> : Set the product variant code and save it to flash. In user
mode read access to this value is available. (*)

c=<p8> : Configure the FPGA with data from the specified file
number. (*)

d=<p8> : Delete the file with the specified file number. (*)

e=<p8> : Erase the flash. (*)
e=0 : Erase used blocks only.
e=FF : Erase all blocks.
Other Values: Reserved / undefined.

f=<p16> : Write a data byte to an FPGA register. (*)
High Byte : Data value to write, 0 if omitted.
Low Byte : Address of the register.

g=<p16> : Read data bytes from FPGA registers at specified
address. (*)
High Byte : Number of sequential bytes to read. Set the
most significant bit in order to reverse the
byte output order. If high byte is omitted, a
default count value of 1 is assumed.
Low Byte : Base address to read from. On forward byte
order the address is incremented until it
reaches [base]+[count]-1. On reverse byte
order the output starts at [base]+[count]-1
and is decremented down to [base].

l=1 : List contents of the flash file directory. (*)

v=<p8> : View contents of the specified file. (*)

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z=1 : Reload parameters from file. (*)

O=<p8> : File number of the file containing the FPGA configuration
data. (*)

P=1 : Upload a new FPGA configuration file via the serial
interface and store it in the flash memory. After issuing
<CR> a special transfer protocol is processed. A currently
existing file will be overwritten. (*)

Q=<p8> : Upload a general file via the serial interface and store
it in the flash memory using the specified file number.
After issuing <CR> a special transfer protocol is processed.
A currently existing file will be overwritten. (*)

Command and Parameter Overview - User Mode (Lower Case)

-------------------------------------------------------

p=<p16> : Internal system parameter. Change this setting only if you
know what you are doing!
<ssss_ssss_cccc_cccc>
\_______| \_______|
| +---c: Camera Link clock phase. Modify
| this byte value a few steps up or
| down to optimize the phase of the
| Camera Link clock. It may
| eventually improve data
| transmission reliability with
| long cable runs in some cases.
+-------------s: Internal system parameter. Do not
change this byte at all. To modify
the other bitfield "c" please first
read all bits of p=<p16> from the
camera, modify only the bits of "c"
and write back the complete value
including the "s"-bits unchanged.

s=<p8> : Configure the UART(s) for serial communications. Changes are
activated immediately.
<eaa*_bbbb>
|\| \__|
| | +---b: Baud rate of the main RS-232 UART available
| | at the 15-pin D-sub connector and the second
| | channel UART via Camera Link. The second
| | channel UART supports 9600 to 115200 Baud
| | only (x). Both channels share the same
| | receive buffer and output characters are
| | always sent to both. the two channels
| | are not intended for completely concurrent
| | use.
| | 0 -> 110 Baud.
| | 1 -> 300 Baud.
| | 2 -> 600 Baud.
| | 3 -> 1200 Baud.
| | 4 -> 2400 Baud.
| | 5 -> 4800 Baud.
| | 6 -> 9600 Baud. (x)

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| | 7 -> 19200 Baud. (x)
| | 8 -> 38400 Baud. (x)
| | 9 -> 57600 Baud. (x)
| | A -> 115200 Baud. (x)
| +---------a: Second channel UART port selection.
| 00 -> Second channel UART off.
| 01 -> Activate second channel via Camera
| Link connector O2 (or CL1).
| 10 -> Activate second channel via Camera
| Link connector O4 (if available).
| 11 -> Activate second channel via Camera
| Link connector O2 (or CL1) and O4.
+-----------e: Echo suppression.
0 -> Each character received from the host
is echoed back to it.
1 -> No echo.

Command and Parameter Overview - User Mode (Upper Case)

-------------------------------------------------------

A=<p16> : Start value for line address counter A. It sets the line
address of the image's first line read out from the
image sensor. After processing each line the address is
incremented by the amount specified by I=<p8>. See N=<p16>
for number of lines per image. Valid range 0...6BF (decimal:

0...1727).

B=<p16> : Start value for line address counter B. It sets the line
address of the second ROI's first line read out from the
image sensor. After processing each line the address is
incremented by the amount specified by I=<p8>. See N=<p16>
for number of lines per image. This parameter is only used
in double ROI mode. Please see command D=<p8> for
details. Range 0...6BF (decimal: 0...1727).

C=<p8> : Mode and control of the fixed pattern noise (FPN) correction.
Please note that correction data is volatile and has to
explicitly be acquired at least once after switching on the
camera.
<****_**sm>
||
|+-m: Mode of fixed pattern noise correction.
| 0: No correction is applied.
| 1: Acquire new fixed pattern noise correction
| data and apply it to the image. To
| successfully complete the procedure ensure
| continous image output by e.g. setting
| M=0. For optimum quality please totally
| darken the sensor during data acquisition.
| Avoiding bright light sources might also
| be sufficient, but a residual image may
| occur. Please note that saving the
| correction state with X=<p8> will activate
| the correction at start of the camera
| without correction data. This leads to an
| uncorrected image until new correction
| data has explicitly been reacquired.

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+--s: Suppression of new data acquisition. This bit
is write-only and reads always 0. Write C=3 to
reactivate the fixed pattern noise correction
from the state C=0 without the correction data
being reacquired as C=1 would do.

D=<p8> : Double ROI mode. Can be used to read out two independent
areas of the same size into one output image. This is useful
to gain speed due to dropping unneeded lines between two
areas of interest. Also field separation for interlaced mode
can be obtained. The top half of the output image consists
of the lines A, A+I, A+2*I, ..., A+N*I and the bottom half
consists of the lines B, B+I, B+2*I, ..., B+N*I. the
resulting image size is (N+1)*2. Please see parameters
A=<p16>, B=<p16>, I=<p8> and N=<p16> for more details.
0: Single ROI mode. Image size is (N+1) lines.
1: Double ROI mode. Image size is (N+1)*2 lines.
Parameter B=<p16> specifies the address of the first
line of the second half. Please note that due to the
increased image size (N+1)*2 also the minimum frame
duration increases from (N+1) + 1 to (N+1)*2 + 1.

E=<p32> : Exposure time. The time resolution depends on the prescale
value K=<p16>. Please note that the exposure time is only
active when the trigger mode M=<p8> is set accordingly.

F=<p32> : Frame duration. The time resolution depends on the prescale
value K=<p16>. Please note that the frame duration is only
active when the trigger mode M=<p8> is set accordingly.

G=<p8> : Digital gain.
0: Gain factor 1.
1: Gain factor 2.
2: Gain factor 4.

I=<p8> : Increment value of the line address counters A and B. After
processing each line this value is added to the current line
address. Valid range 1...FF (decimal: 1...255).

J=<p8> : Configuration of synchronization output at pin 6 of the
control connector. This pin delivers RS232 voltage levels
(+/- 6 volts) with a delay of less than 800 ns. The logic is
negative, meaning +6 V = LOW and -6 V = HIGH.
<****_n*ss>
| \|
| +-s: Signal source selection.
| 0: Effective sensor exposure.
| 1: Charge transfer pulse. Active for one line
| duration at the end of exposure, end of
| this pulse marks the end of exposure and
| at the same time start of sensor readout.
| In PIV mode (see M=<p8>) this pulse occurs
| at the exposure end of only the first
| image of each PIV pair.
| 2: Effective sensor readout.
| 3: Exposure phase. Contrary to 0 this setting
| shows the "exposure phase" of the state
| machine and not the effective exposure

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| of the sensor. This allows to synchronize
| external devices even if the sensor is in
| permanent exposure mode. See M=<p8> for
| details about permanent exposure.
+----n: Invert the logic levels of the sync output.

K=<p16> : Timer prescale value. The basic clock frequency of 56 MHz is
divided by the prescale value (K+1) to generate the time base
for exposure time E=<p32> and frame duration F=<p32>. A value
of K=37 (decimal: 55) leads to a timer resolution of 1µs, for
example. To minimize jitter effects it is recommended to set
this value to a multiple of the current line duration, which
is K=A7 for single channel mode (e. g. S=0) or K=53 for
dual channel mode (e. g. S=3).

M=<p8> : Exposure control.
<**ff_*pee>
\| |\|
+ | +-e: Exposure timing mode.
| | 0: Continuous mode. The camera outputs images
| | as fast as possible in a free running
| | mode. The gap between two images is only
| | one line, the total frame duration
| | takes N+2 lines (or (N+1)*2 + 1, if double
| | ROI mode is active). The exposure time is
| | nearly equal to the frame duration.
| | 1: Image on demand mode (IOD). The exposure
| | is directly controlled by an externally
| | applied signal. Use parameter T=<p8> to
| | select the signal source. A rising edge at
| | the corresponding input starts exposure
| | synchronized to the line after the next.
| | If the rising edge occurs during idle (the
| | camera is not transmitting an image), then
| | the jitter is reduced. In this case
| | exposure will start with a constant delay
| | of about two line durations. The following
| | falling edge stops exposure in any case
| | and starts output of the image
| | synchronized to the next line. The next
| | exposure must start later than
| | (N+1)+1 line periods after the previous
| | rising edge. To be safe consider one line
| | jitter reserve, i.e. (N+1)+2. With D=1
| | setting replace the term (N+1) by (N+1)*2.
| | 2: Image on demand mode (IOD) with exposure
| | timer. The exposure time is controlled by
| | the parameter E=<p32>. Each rising edge of
| | an externally applied signal starts the
| | exposure. Use
| | parameter T=<p8> to select the signal
| | source. The next rising edge must
| | arrive later than (N+1)+1 line periods
| | after the previous rising edge. To be safe
| | consider one line jitter reserve, i.e.
| | (N+1)+2. With D=1 setting replace the term
| | (N+1) by (N+1)*2.
| | 3: Image on demand mode (IOD) with exposure

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| | timer and frame duration timer. The
| | exposure time is controlled by the
| | parameter E=<p32>. The frame duration is
| | controlled by the parameter F=<p32>. Start
| | of the exposure can be synchronized to the
| | rising edge of an externally applied
| | signal. Use parameter T=<p8> to select the
| | signal source. Frame duration F=<p32> must
| | not be less than (N+1)+1 line periods
| | after the previous rising edge. To be safe
| | consider one line jitter reserve, i.e.
| | (N+1)+2. In the special case of K=A7 a
| | jitter reserve is not necessary, because
| | timer resolution is exactly one line
| | period. With D=1 setting replace the term
| | (N+1) by (N+1)*2.
| +---p: Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) mode. If
| enabled, the camera outputs two images per
| trigger event. If not in continuous mode the
| time between two rising edges must exceed
| 1+2*((N+1)+1) line durations. The trigger
| high duration should be less than N+1 line
| durations, but at least 500 ns. After a delay
| of one line duration plus 150 ... 250 ns
| (depending on the used trigger input type) from
| rising edge of the trigger input, the exposure
| of the first PIV image ends and its readout
| process begins. The exposure is permanently
| active in this mode, for a usual PIV
| application the first light strobe can also
| start _before_ the trigger input event. In any
| case it should end a few 100 ns before start of
| readout. After a guard interval of a few 100 ns
| ... 1000 ns the second light strobe may begin.
| The exact position and length of the guard
| interval depends on the allowable crosstalk
| for the application and should be tested
| individually. See J=<p8> for synchronization
| output.
+------f: Exposure feature mode.
0: Standard mode.
1: Enhanced full well (3T) mode. The full
frame shutter is not available in this
mode. Instead, the sensor operates in
rolling shutter mode with an effective
shutter time equaling the frame duration.
a synchronized strobe light is
recommended. Consequently any exposure
time setting, controlled by E=<p32> or by
external signal, is ignored. The light
should flash between two
image readout operations, which may be the
duration of one line at highest possible
frame rate. Decrease the frame rate
accordingly, if longer exposure times are
needed. Use exposure output (opto coupler
at pins 12/13) or sync output (RS232
driver at pin 6) for synchronization.

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2: Permanent exposure mode. Used to maximize
the exposure time. If activated, the
exposure time equals the frame duration.
Consequently any exposure time setting,
controlled by E=<p32> or by external
signal, is ignored.
3: Reserved.

N=<p16> : This parameter sets the number of lines per frame. The
actual line count is N+1, the default of N=6BD results
into 1726 lines. If the double ROI mode is active (D=1)
the actual line count is (N+1)*2. Please consider this in
minimum frame duration calculations for the image on demand
(IOD) mode (see M=<p8>). See also parameters A=<p16>,
B=<p16>, D=<p8> and I=<p8> for more information regarding
sensor line addressing. Valid range 0...6BF (1 to 1728
lines).

S=<p8> : Sensor mode control.
<****_*ccc>
\_|
+-c: Channel mode configuration.
0: Single channel mode (half pixel clock
speed). Full line length of 2320 pixels is
output at the Camera Link connectors O2/O1
(or CL1/CL2). The data is mirrored at
O4/O3 (not available in all variants), but
note that the CC signals and SerTC/SerTFG
are handled separately. e.g. the
trigger source selection (T=<p8>) and
serial port configuration (s=<p8>) might
need adjustments if only the connectors
O4/O3 are connected to a frame grabber.
1: Dual channel mode (full pixel clock
speed). The image is split vertically into
a left and a right half. each half
has a horizontal size of 1160 pixels and
is output separately on its own Camera
Link 10-tap channel. The left half travels
via the left Camera Link channel at the
connectors O2/O1 (or CL1/CL2) and the
right half travels via O4/O3 (not
available in all variants) respectively.
3: Dual channel compatibility mode (full
pixel clock speed). This mode basically is
the same as S=1. For frame grabber
compatibility reasons 40 pixel columns at
the left and right side (of the full
image) are dropped so that the line length
of each half image is divisible by 16.
The effective line length in this mode is
2 x 1120 = 2240 pixels.
5: Same as mode 1, but with right image half
via O2/O1 (or CL1/CL2) and left image half
via O4/O3 (if available).
7: Same as mode 3, but with right image half
via O2/O1 (or CL1/CL2) and left image half
via O4/O3 (if available).

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All other values are reserved.

T=<p8> : Trigger source selection.
0: None.
2: OK1 at control connector.
3: CC1 at O2 connector (or CL1).
4: CC1 at O4 connector (if available).
All other values are reserved.

U=<p8> : Metadata overlay and test image.
<***t_***m>
| |
| +-m: Metadata overlay mode.
| 0: No overlay.
| 1: Show metadata in each frame starting at
| the first pixel of the first line.
+------t: Test image generator.
0: Normal image output.
1: Test image generator is active.

V=1 : Show model and firmware version information. Use V=2 for a
more detailed output.

W=<p8> : Dark value offset. This value is added to the pixel data. It
is used to adjust the dark level and avoid clipping of pixels
to black in low light situations. The eight bits are aligned
to the lowest significant bit of the 10-bit raw pixel data
from the sensor. if the digital gain is not active
(G=0), each increment of four increases the output grey level
just for one count.

X=1 : Store the current parameter configuration to the flash.

Y=1 : Show the current parameter configuration.

Z=1 : Load the factory default parameter configuration. The
saved configuration is only affected if you store the reset
parameter values with X=1 afterwards.

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Index

Index

B

Baud rate of the serial ports........................ 66

Bayer filter.............................................. 69

C

camera dimensions ................................... 16

camera interfaces ..................................... 21

camera I/O connector................................ 25

Camera Link interface ................................ 29

Camera Link output mode setting................. 60

CC2 ........................................................ 33

CE.......................................................... 12

CMOS sensor ............................................ 52

Conformity .............................................. 12

Contacting ................................................ 5

D

Dark value offset ...................................... 63

declaration of conformity........................... 12

Digital gain ............................................. 43

document history ....................................... 6

double region of interest mode ................... 40

E

Echo mode .............................................. 66

Enable state of the serial ports .................... 66

Exposure control mode .............................. 45

Exposure feature mode .............................. 57

Exposure output....................................... 25

Exposure time.......................................... 41

Exposure timing mode ............................... 48

External GND ........................................... 25

External Power......................................... 25

F

FCC Class B .............................................. 12

Fixed Pattern Noise ................................... 39

FPN........................................................ 39

Frame duration ........................................ 42

FVAL ...................................................... 35

H

Help text ................................................ 68

I

Image on demand mode (IOD)..................... 48

I/O connector .......................................... 25

L

Legal notice .............................................. 2

Line address increment.............................. 43

LVAL ...................................................... 35

M

Metadata overlay...................................... 62

mosaic pattern......................................... 69

N

Number of lines........................................ 58

P

Parameter summary .................................. 64

Particle Image Velocimetry ......................... 51

PCLK ...................................................... 35

PIV mode ................................................ 51

PIV mode (bit group p) .............................. 44

Power supply ........................................... 25

Primary starting address ............................ 38

product variant code ................................. 65

R

Requirements .......................................... 21

Reserve control input ................................ 33

Reset to factory defaults ............................ 64

RoHS (2002/95/EC) .................................. 12

S

Save parameters....................................... 64

Serial interface ........................................ 31

serial I/O ................................................ 21

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Index

Serial number .......................................... 65

SerTC ..................................................... 31

SerTFG.................................................... 31

Show Help text......................................... 68

specifications .......................................... 13

Spectral sensitivity ................................... 15

styles ....................................................... 9

Support .................................................... 5

symbols .................................................... 9

Synchronization output ............................. 44

T

Technical information.................................. 5

test image generator................................. 62

Timer prescaler value ................................ 45

Timing.................................................... 35

Trigger input ........................................... 25

Trigger source selection ............................. 61

V

Version information .................................. 63

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