Allen-Bradley PWM Installation Manual

Application Techniques
Original Instructions
Industry Installation Guidelines for Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) AC Drives
Industries discussed in this application technique include:
Automotive Marine and Offshore Chemical/Specialty Chemical Mining and Steel Food and Beverage Tire Manufacturing Forest Products/Converting Water/Waste Water

Summary of Changes

This manual has been extensively revised to reduce redundancies in previous version. There are different requirements in applications for specific industries. The unique requirements of the Marine Industry are in Chapter 4 Marine and Offshore Industry. Other industries which have more in common are discussed in Chapters 1…3 and Appendix B: Sample Requirements and Enclosure Specifications for Specific Industry Types, which provides bulleted lists of the requirements for each of these industries. These industries include:
Automotive
Forest and pulp paper products
•Metal products
Mining process products
Oil and gas products
Open pit mining products
This manual contains new and updated information as indicated in the following table.
Top ic Pa ge
Updated Safety Information link in Degree of Protection section of Chapter 1 and in the Additional Resources table.
Added Control System Packaging for Corrosion Mitigation Design and Installation Guideline, publication TIRE-RM001 and Control System Packaging for Corrosion Mitigation White Paper, publication WWW-WP001 to Additional Resources table.
Moved General Precautions from Preface to Chapter 2. 21
Consolidation of common information between industries into first three chapters rather than spread across 10 chapters as in previous version
Moved Marine and Offshore Industry information from Chapter 7 in original document to Chapter 4.
Creation of Sample Drive Installation Requirements Appendix to list standard drive requirements.
Creation of Sample Requirements and Enclosure Specifications for S pecific Industry Types Appendix to list unique requirements of cer tain industries.
10, 59
59
Var iou s
37
41
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2 Rockwell Automation Publication DRIVES-AT003C-EN-P - October 2020

Table of Contents

Preface
About This Publication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Who Should Use This Manual. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Recommended Agencies and Standards Publications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. (UL). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Canadian Standards Association (CSA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
International Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
The International Society of Automation (ISA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Conventions Used in This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Chapter 1
Environmental Considerations General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Enclosure Types and Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
North American Standards Organizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
International Standards Organizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Degree of Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
IEC Enclosure Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Abridged Descriptions of IEC Enclosure Test Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Tests for Protection Against Access to Hazardous Parts (first
characteristic numeral) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Tests for Protection Against Water (second characteristic numeral) . . . . . . . . . . 13
Abridged Descriptions of NEMA Enclosure Test Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
6.2 Rod Entry Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
6.3 Drip Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
6.4 Rain Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
6.5.1.1 (2) Outdoor Dust Test (Alternate Method) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
6.5.1.2 (2) Indoor Dust Test (Alternate Method) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6.6 External Icing Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6.7 Hosedown Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6.8 Rust Resistance Test (Applicable Only to Enclosures Incorporating
External Ferrous Parts) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6.9 Corrosion Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6.11 (2) Air Pressure Test (Alternate Method) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6.12 Oil Exclusion Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Abridged Descriptions of UL Standard 698 Test Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Explosion Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Hydrostatic Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Temperature Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Dust Penetration Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Temperature Test with Dust Blanket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Enclosure Type Descriptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Rockwell Automation Publication DRIVES-AT003C-EN-P - October 2020 1
Table of Contents
Industry Related Installation Considerations
Type 1 – General Purpose Surface Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Type 1 – Flush Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Type 3 – Rainproof Dusttight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Type 3R – Rainproof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Type 4 – Watertight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Type 4X – Non-metallic, Corrosion-resistant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Type 6P – For Prolonged Submersion at a Limited Depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Type 7 – For Hazardous Gas Locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Type 9 – For Hazardous Dust Locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Type 12 – Dusttight Industrial Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Type 13 – Oiltight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Enclosure Type Descriptions for Non-hazardous Locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Enclosures Offered by Rockwell Automation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Chapter 2
General Precautions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Contaminants and Conditions by Industry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Environmental and Atmospheric Considerations by Location. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Explanation of Contaminant Severity Levels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Explanation of Contaminant Severity Levels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Relative Humidity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Duty Rating of the AC Drive Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Periodic Duty Rating. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Short-time Duty Rating. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Non-periodic Duty Rating. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Continuous Duty Rating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Protecting Electronic Modules From Contaminants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Shielding by Enclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Source Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Ventilation Control and Removal Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Outdoor Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Protecting Electronic Modules During Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Sources of Reactive Contaminants and Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Chapter 3
System Configurations, Grounding, Application, and Control
2 Rockwell Automation Publication DRIVES-AT003C-EN-P - October 2020
Power Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
System Configurations and Grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Delta/Wye with Grounded Wye Neutral. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Delta/Delta with Grounded Leg or Four-wire Connected Secondary Delta . . . . . . 32
Three-phase Open Delta with Single-phase Center Tapped . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Ungrounded Secondary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
High Resistance Ground. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Application and Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Automotive Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Chemical and Specialty Chemical Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Food and Beverage Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Forest Products and Converting Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Mining and Steel Industry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Table of Contents
Tire Manufacturing Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Water and Waste Water Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Chapter 4
Marine and Offshore Industry Typical Environmental Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Typical Hazardous Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Shielding by Enclosures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Protecting Electronic Modules During Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Power Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
System Configurations and Grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Ungrounded Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Ungrounded Secondary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Application and Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
System Design and Implementation Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Appendix A
Sample Drive Installation Requirements
Design Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Input Power Conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Grounding and Bonding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Motor Cable Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Encoder Feedback Signal Wiring – Rockwell Automation’s Recommended Shielding
Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Dynamic Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Wire Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Surge Suppression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Environmental Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Pre-Installation Checklists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
AC Supply SourceInput Power Conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Surge Suppression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Grounding and Bonding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Mounting Considerations and Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Control and Signal Cabling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Dynamic Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Motor Cable Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Encoder Feedback Signal Wiring – Rockwell Automation’s Recommended Shielding
Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Post Installation Checklists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
AC Supply Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Input Power Conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Surge Suppression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Grounding and Bonding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Mounting Considerations and Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Control and Signal Cabling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Dynamic Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Motor Cable Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Encoder Feedback Signal Wiring – Rockwell Automation’s Recommended Shielding
Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Rockwell Automation Publication DRIVES-AT003C-EN-P - October 2020 3
Table of Contents
Appendix B
Sample Requirements and Enclosure Specifications for Specific Industry Types
Automotive Industry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Enclosure Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Welded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Grounding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Frame and Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Forest Products/Converting (Pulp Paper Products) Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Enclosure Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Welded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Frame and Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Gaskets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Marine and Offshore Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Metals Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Enclosure Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Welded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Frame and Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Gaskets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Mining Process Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Enclosure Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Welded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Frame and Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Gaskets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Oil, Gas, and Chemical Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Enclosure Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Welded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Frame and Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Gaskets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Temperature Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Open Pit Mining Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Enclosure Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Welded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Frame and Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Gaskets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Index
4 Rockwell Automation Publication DRIVES-AT003C-EN-P - October 2020

Preface

About This Publication

The purpose of this application technique is to provide basic information for different enclosure systems and environmental/location considerations (to help protect against environmental contaminants), and power and grounding considerations needed to properly install a Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) AC drive. The industry-specific guidelines in this document are meant to be used as examples - specific locations are unique and the guideline examples should be adapted accordingly.
Pulse width modulation is a form of control used to generate a waveform necessary to operate an induction motor. With PWM control it is possible to change the speed of the motor by varying the frequency sent to the motor. PWM drives are also known as Variable Frequency Drives, and Adjustable Speed Drives.

Who Should Use This Manual

This manual is intended for qualified personnel who plan and design installations of PWM AC drives.

Recommended Agencies and Standards Publications

The following agencies and standards publications provide general information for installing drives and drive enclosures in regards to environmental conditions and degrees of protection against ingress of contaminants.

National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)

1300 North 17th Street Suite 1847 Rosslyn, VA 22209, USA
www.nema.org
NEMA Standards Publication No. 250, Enclosures for Electrical Equipment (1000 Volts Maximum)
NEMA Standards Publication No. ICS6, Enclosures for Industrial Controls and Systems

Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. (UL)

333 Pfingsten Road Northbrook, IL 60062, USA
www.ul.com
UL 50 Enclosures for Electrical Equipment, Non-Environmental Considerations (Type 1)
UL 50E Enclosures for Electrical Equipment, Environmental Considerations (Remaining Types)
UL 94 Flammability of Plastic Materials
UL 414 Meter Sockets
UL 497 Protectors for Paired Conductor Communication Circuits
UL 508A Industrial Control Panels
UL 870 Wireways, Auxiliary Gutters and Associated Fittings
•UL 1203 Explosion-Proof and Dust-Ignition-Proof Electrical Equipment for Use in Hazardous (Classified) Locations
Rockwell Automation Publication DRIVES-AT003C-EN-P - October 2020 5
Preface
UL 1773 Termination Boxes
UL 1863 Communication Circuit Accessories
UL 2279 Electrical Equipment for Use in CLI Zone 1 and 2 Hazardous Locations

Canadian Standards Association (CSA)

178 Rexdale Boulevard Rexdale (Toronto), Ontario, Canada M9W 1R3
www.csa.ca
CSA Standard C22.2:
No. 0 General Requirements - Canadian Electrical Code, Part II
No. 0.4 Bonding and Grounding of Electrical Equipment (Protective Equipment)
No. 14 Industrial Control Equipment for Use in Ordinary (Non- Hazardous) Locations
No. 25 Enclosures for Use in Class 11 Groups E, F, and G Hazardous Locations
No. 26 Construction and Test of Wireways, and Auxiliary Gutters, and Associated Fittings
No. 40 Cutout, Junction, and Pull Boxes
•No. 76 Splitters
No. 94 Special Purpose Enclosures
No. 182.4 Plugs, Receptacles, and Connections for Communications Systems

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

Batterymarch Park Quincy, MA 02169-7471, USA
www.nfpa.org
NFPA 70 National Electrical Code
NFPA 70e Standard for Electrical Safety Requirements for Employee Workplaces
NFPA 79 Electrical Standard for Industrial Machinery
NFPA 496 Purged and Pressurized Enclosures for Electrical Equipment

International Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)

400 Commonwealth Drive Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, USA
www.sae.org
SAE HS 1738 SAE Standard - Electrical Equipment for Automotive Industrial Machinery

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)

3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA
www.ieee.org
IEEE 45, Recommended Practice for Electrical Installations on Shipboard
6 Rockwell Automation Publication DRIVES-AT003C-EN-P - October 2020

American Bureau of Shipping (ABS)

ABS Plaza 16855 Northchase Drive Houston, TX 77060, USA
www.eagle.org
Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels 2009, Part 4, Vessel Systems and Machinery

The International Society of Automation (ISA)

67 Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
www.isa.org
ISA-71.04-2013, Environmental Conditions for Process Measurement and Control Systems: Airborne Contaminants

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

Preface
3, rue de Varembé P.O. Box 131 CH - 1211 Geneva 20 - Switzerland
www.iec.ch
IEC Publication 529, contains descriptions and associated test requirements that define the degree of protection each IP numeral specifies
IEC Publication 60079, standard for installations in hazardous areas
IEC Publication 60079-20, section for flammability group and temperature class of equipment installed in hazardous areas
IEC Publication 60529, describes the complete test procedures for standard degrees of protection ratings

Conventions Used in This Manual

These conventions are used throughout this manual.
Bulleted lists such as this one provide information, not procedural steps.
Numbered lists provide sequential steps or hierarchical information.
Rockwell Automation Publication DRIVES-AT003C-EN-P - October 2020 7
Preface
Notes:
8 Rockwell Automation Publication DRIVES-AT003C-EN-P - October 2020
Chapter 1
Environmental Considerations
This chapter describes environmental considerations, standards, and agency requirements for enclosures for different environments. This is not meant to be a comprehensive guide but provide information that can let you know the different regulations that need to be further studied and complied with for your location. Please contact your local Rockwell Automation representative for assistance in selecting or addressing environmental concerns.

General Information

You must evaluate the environment where your AC drive will be installed, identify any contaminants, and provide the correct degree of protection for the AC drive and electronics in either a stand-alone installation or when mounting the drive inside an enclosure. This evaluation and degree of protection helps to make sure the drive functions correctly and reliably. If the drive is going to be placed into an environmental setting that is harsher than defined by the specified rating of the drive, it must be installed in the proper type of protective enclosure. If the drive is not installed in the proper type of protective enclosure it can suffer failure from atmospheric contaminants which produce corrosion.
Corrosion failures of industrial electronic equipment is a concern, especially in industry groups such as water/waste water, paper making, steel, and tire manufacturing. For these industries, sulfur compounds that can attack electrical components and lead to failure are typical. These failures can be unexpected because the relatively low levels of sulfur concentration that can lead to electronic failure are often not perceived as severe by workers in those facilities. Electronic assemblies can fail due to several corrosion mechanisms. This corrosion can occur with or without electrical voltage being present, and can also compromise insulated systems, if and when they become conductive.
Conformal coating of printed circuit boards can prevent some of the contamination challenges faced in the field; but, because all components are not coated, there is still a need to review the applications and environments. Refer to Conformal Coating for Variable Speed Drives, publication DRIVES-WP021
.

Enclosure Types and Ratings

What's in an Enclosure Rating?
As a way of standardizing enclosure performance, organizations like National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA), Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. (UL), Canadian Standards Association (CSA), International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), and Association for Electrical, Electronic and Information Technologies (Verband der Elektrotechnik, Elektronik und Informationstechnik [VDE]) use rating systems to identify the ability of an enclosure to resist external environmental influences. Resistance to everything from dripping liquid, to hosedown, to total submersion is defined by the rating systems. While all these rating systems are intended to provide information to help you make a safer, more informed enclosure choice, there are notable differences between the rating systems.

North American Standards Organizations

In North America, NEMA, UL, and CSA are the commonly recognized standards organizations. Their ratings are based on similar application descriptions and expected performance. UL and CSA both require enclosure testing by qualified evaluators in UL- and CSA-certified labs. They also send site inspectors to verify that a manufacturer adheres to prescribed manufacturing methods and material specifications. NEMA does not require independent testing and does not verify the compliance of the manufacturer.
Rockwell Automation Publication DRIVES-AT003C-EN-P - October 2020 9
Chapter 1 Environmental Considerations
North American enclosure rating systems also include a 4X rating that indicates corrosion resistance. This rating is based on the ability of the enclosure to withstand prolonged exposure to saltwater spray. While a 4X rating is a good indicator that an enclosure can resist corrosion, it does not provide information on how a specific corrosive agent will affect a given enclosure material. It is best to conduct a full analysis of the specific application and environment to determine the best enclosure choice.

International Standards Organizations

Like NEMA, IEC does not require independent testing and does not verify the compliance of the manufacturer. Nevertheless, there are differences in how enclosure performance is interpreted. For example, UL and CSA test requirements specify that an enclosure fails the water-tight test if even a single drop of water enters the enclosure. In the IEC standards for each level of ingress protection (IP), a certain amount of water is allowed to enter the enclosure.
IEC 60529 IP ratings do not specify construction requirements or degrees of protection against corrosive atmospheres, risk of explosion, or conditions such as moisture or corrosive vapors. NEMA Type ratings do specify construction and performance requirements for most environmental conditions. Because of this difference in construction requirements, and because the tests and evaluations for other characteristics are not identical, the IEC enclosure classification designations cannot be exactly equated with NEMA enclosure Type numbers.
Enclosure materials and construction must consider the following:
Environmental considerations include moisture, temperature, solar affect, airborne particulate matter, and harsh or corrosive chemicals present in the atmosphere.
Safety issues including electrical code requirements, grounding needs, and others.
Choosing the incorrect solution can be costly and can adversely affect the performance of your installation.

Degree of Protection

IEC Publication 60529 describes standard Degrees of Protection that enclosures are designed to provide when properly installed.
Summary
The publication defines Degrees of Protection with respect to:
•Persons
Equipment within the enclosure
Ingress of water
It does not define:
Protection against risk of explosion
Environmental protection (for example: against humidity, corrosive atmospheres or fluids, fungus, or the ingress of vermin)
Note: The IEC test requirements for Degrees of Protection against liquid ingress refer only to water. The products on the Safety Products page (https://ab.rockwellautomation.com/Safety Nitrile seals. Nitrile seals have good resistance to a wide range of oils, coolants, and cutting fluids; however, some of the available lubricants, hydraulic fluids, and solvents can cause severe deterioration of Nitrile and other polymers. Some of the products listed are available with seals of Viton or other materials for improved resistance to such liquids. For specific advice on enclosure seals and protection against liquid ingress, contact your local Rockwell Automation sales office.
) that have a high degree of protection against ingress of liquid include, in most cases,
10 Rockwell Automation Publication DRIVES-AT003C-EN-P - October 2020
Chapter 1 Environmental Considerations

IEC Enclosure Classification

The IEC enclosure classification for degree of protection is indicated by two letters and two numerals (IP_ _). International Standard IEC 60529 contains descriptions and associated test requirements that define the degree of protection that each numeral specifies. Table 1 indicates the general degree of protection indicated by the value and position of each numeral in the enclosure classification.
See the Abridged Descriptions of IEC Enclosure Test Requirements below for brief descriptions of the test requirements.
Note: For complete test requirements refer to IEC 60529.

Abridged Descriptions of IEC Enclosure Test Requirements

Refer to IEC 60529 for complete test specifications (for example: test apparatus configuration, tolerances, etc). For metric conversion factors, see Safety Products page (https://ab.rockwellautomation.com/Safety

Tests for Protection Against Access to Hazardous Parts (first characteristic numeral)

).
The first characteristic numeral of the IP number indicates compliance with the following tests for the degree of protection against access to hazardous parts. It also indicates compliance with tests shown in Tests for Protection Against Solid Foreign Objects (first characteristic
numeral) on page 12.
The protection against access to hazardous parts is satisfactory if adequate clearance is kept between the specified access probe and hazardous parts. For voltage less than 1000V AC and 1500V DC, the access probe must not touch the hazardous live parts. For voltage exceeding 1000V AC and 1500V DC, the equipment must be capable of withstanding specified dielectric tests with the access probe in the most unfavorable position.
Table 1 - Numeric Conventions for Protection Against Access to Hazardous Parts
First Numeral
Protection of persons against access to hazardous parts and protection against penetration of solid foreign objects.
0 – Non-protected 0 – Non-protected
1 – Back of hand; objects greater than 50 mm in diameter 2 – Vertically falling drops of water
3 – Finger; objects greater than 12.5 mm in diameter 4 – Vertically falling drops of water with enclosure tilted 15°
5 – Tools or objects greater than 2.5 mm in diameter 6 – Spraying water
7 – Tools or objects greater than1.0 mm in diameter 8 – Splashing water
9 – Dust-protected (dust can enter during specified test but must not interfere with operation of the equipment or impair safety)
11 – Dusttight (no dust observable inside enclosure at end of test)
Example: IP41 describes an enclosure that is designed to protect against the entry of tools or objects greater than 1 mm in diameter and to protect against vertically dripping water under specified test conditions.
Note: All first numerals and second numerals up to and including characteristic numeral 6, imply compliance also with the requirements for all lower characteristic numerals in their respective series (first or second). Second numerals 7 and 8 do not imply suitability for exposure to water jets (second characteristic numeral 5 or 6) unless dual coded; e.g., IP_5/ IP_7.
(1) The IEC standard permits use of certain supplementary letters with the characteristic numerals. If such letters are
used, refer to IEC 60529 for the explanation.
(1)
Second Numeral
Protection against ingress of water under test conditions specified in IEC 60529.
10 – Water jets
12 – Powerful water jets 13 – Temporary submersion 14 – Continuous submersion
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Chapter 1 Environmental Considerations
IP0_ No test required.
IP1_
A rigid sphere 50 mm in diameter shall not completely pass through any opening. Force = 50 N.
A jointed test finger 80 mm long and 12 mm in diameter can penetrate to its
IP2_
80 mm length, but shall have adequate clearance as specified above, from hazardous live parts, in every possible position of the test finger as both joints are bent through an angle up to 90°. Force = 10 N.
A test rod 2.5 mm in diameter shall not penetrate and adequate clearance
IP3_
shall be kept from hazardous live parts (as specified in Table 1
). Force = 3 N.
A test wire 1 mm in diameter shall not penetrate and adequate clearance
IP4_
shall be kept from hazardous live parts (as specified in Table 1
). Force = 1 N.
A test wire 1 mm in diameter shall not penetrate and adequate clearance
IP5_
shall be kept from hazardous live parts (as specified in Table 1
). Force = 1 N.
A test wire 1 mm in diameter shall not penetrate and adequate clearance
IP6_
shall be kept from hazardous live parts (as specified in the Table 1
). Force = 1 N.
Tests for Protection Against Solid Foreign Objects (first characteristic numeral)
For first numerals 1, 2, 3, and 4, the protection against solid foreign objects is satisfactory if the full diameter of the specified probe does not pass through any opening. Note that for first numerals 3 and 4, the probes are intended to simulate foreign objects which can be spherical. Where shape of the entry path leaves any doubt about ingress or a spherical object capable of motion, it can be necessary to examine drawings or to provide special access for the object probe. For first numerals 5 and 6, see test descriptions below for acceptance criteria.
IP0_ No test required.
IP1_
IP2_
IP3_
The full diameter of a rigid sphere 50 mm in diameter must not pass through any opening at a test force of 50 N.
The full diameter of a rigid sphere 12.5 mm in diameter must not pass through any opening at a test force of 30 N.
A rigid steel rod 2.5 mm in diameter must not pass through any opening at a test force of 3 N.
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Chapter 1 Environmental Considerations
IP4_
IP5_
IP6_
A rigid steel wire 1 mm in diameter must not pass through any opening at a test force of 1 N.
The test specimen is supported inside a specified dust chamber where talcum powder, able to pass through a square-mesh sieve with wire diameter 50 mm and width between wires 75 mm, is kept in suspension.
Enclosures for equipment subject to thermal cycling effects (category 1) are vacuum pumped to a reduced internal pressure relative to the surrounding atmosphere: maximum depression = 2 kPa; maximum extraction rate = 60 volumes per hour. If extraction rate of 40 to 60 volumes/hr is obtained, test is continued until 80 volumes have been drawn through or 8 hours has elapsed. If extraction rate is less than 40 volumes/hr at 20 kPa depression, test time = 8 hr.
Enclosures for equipment not subject to thermal cycling effects, and designated category 2 in the relevant product standard, are tested for 8 hours without vacuum pumping.
Protection is satisfactory if talcum powder has not accumulated in a quantity or location such that, as with any other kind of dust, it could interfere with the correct operation of the equipment or impair safety, and no dust has been deposited where it could lead to tracking along creepage distances.
All enclosures are tested as category 1, as specified above for IP5_. The protection is satisfactory if no deposit of dust is observable inside the enclosure at the end of the test.

Tests for Protection Against Water (second characteristic numeral)

The second characteristic numeral of the IP number indicates compliance with the following tests for the degree of protection against water. For numerals 1 through 7, the protection is satisfactory if any water that has entered does not interfere with satisfactory operation, does not reach live parts not designed to operate when wet, and does not accumulate near a cable entry or enter the cable. For second numeral 8, the protection is satisfactory if no water has entered the enclosure.
IP_0 No test required.
Water is dripped onto the enclosure from a “drip box” having spouts spaced
IP_1
IP_2
IP_3
IP_4 Same as test for IP_3 except spray covers an arc of 180° from vertical.
on a 20 mm square pattern, at a “rainfall” rate of 1 mm/min The enclosure is placed in its normal operating position under the drip box. Test time = 10 min
Water is dripped onto the enclosure from a “drip box” having spouts spaced on a 20 mm square pattern, at a “rainfall” rate of 3 mm/min The enclosure is placed in 4 fixed positions tilted 15° from its normal operating position, under the drip box. Test time = 2.5 min for each position of tilt.
Water is sprayed onto all sides of the enclosure over an arc of 60° from vertical, using an oscillating tube device with spray holes 50 mm apart (or a hand-held nozzle for larger enclosures). Flow rate, oscillating tube device =
0.07 l/min per hole x number of holes; for hand-held nozzle = 10 l/min Test time, oscillating tube = 10 min; for hand-held nozzle = 1 min/m2 of enclosure surface area, 5 min minimum.
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Chapter 1 Environmental Considerations
Enclosure is sprayed from all practicable directions with a stream of water
IP_5
IP_6
IP_7
IP_8
at 12.5 l/min from a 6.3 mm nozzle from a distance of 2.5 to 3 m. Test time = 1 min/m2 of enclosure surface area to be sprayed, 3 min minimum.
Enclosure is sprayed from all practicable directions with a stream of water at 100 l/min from a 12.5 mm nozzle from a distance of 2.5 to 3 m. Test time = 1 min/m2 of enclosure surface area to be sprayed, 3 min minimum.
Enclosure is immersed in water in its service position for 30 min Lowest point of enclosures less than 850 mm tall = 1000 mm below surface of water. Highest point of enclosures more than 850 mm tall = 150 mm below surface of water.
Test conditions are subject to agreement between manufacturer and user, but shall be at least as severe as those for IP_7.

Abridged Descriptions of NEMA Enclosure Test Requirements

NEMA is a commonly recognized standards organization in North America and publishes standards for enclosures. It does not require independent verification of these tests.

6.2 Rod Entry Test

A 3.18 mm (0.125 in.) diameter rod must not be able to enter enclosure except at locations where nearest live part is more than 102 mm (4 in.) from an opening — such opening shall not permit a 13 mm (0.5 in.) diameter rod to enter.

6.3 Drip Test

Water is dripped onto enclosure for 30 minutes from an overhead pan having uniformly spaced spouts, one every 12,900 mm (20 in.) of pan area, each spout having a drip rate of 20 drops per minute.
Evaluation 6.3.2.2: No water shall have entered enclosure.

6.4 Rain Test

Entire top and all exposed sides are sprayed with water at a pressure of
0.35 kg/cm2 (5 psi) from nozzles for one hour at a rate to cause water to rise 457 mm (18 in.) in a straight-sided pan beneath the enclosure.
Evaluation 6.4.2.1: No water shall have reached live parts, insulation, or mechanisms.
Evaluation 6.4.2.2: No water shall have entered enclosure.

6.5.1.1 (2) Outdoor Dust Test (Alternate Method)

Enclosure and external mechanisms are subjected to a stream of water at 170.5 liters (45 gallons) per minute from a 25.4 mm (1 in.) diameter nozzle, directed at all joints from all angles from a distance of 3…3.7 m (10…12 ft). Test time is 48 seconds times the test length (height + width + depth of enclosure in feet), or a minimum of 5 minutes. No water shall enter enclosure.
14 Rockwell Automation Publication DRIVES-AT003C-EN-P - October 2020
Chapter 1 Environmental Considerations

6.5.1.2 (2) Indoor Dust Test (Alternate Method)

Atomized water at a pressure of 2.11 kg/cm2 (30 psi) is sprayed on all seams, joints and external operating mechanisms from a distance of 305…381 mm (12…15 in.) at a rate of 11 liters (3 gallons) per hour. No less than 142 gms (5 oz) of water per linear foot of test length (height + length + depth of enclosure) is applied. No water shall enter enclosure.

6.6 External Icing Test

Water is sprayed on enclosure for one hour in a cold room 2 °C (36 °F); then room temperature is lowered to approximately –5 °C (–23 °F) and water spray is controlled so as to cause ice to build up at a rate of 6.4 mm (0.25 in.) per hour until 19 mm (0.75 in.) thick ice has formed on top surface of a 25.4 mm (1 in.) diameter metal test bar, then temperature is maintained at –5 °C (–23 °F) for 3 hours.
Evaluation 6.6.2.2: Equipment shall be undamaged after ice has melted (external mechanisms not required to be operable while iceladen).

6.7 Hosedown Test

Enclosure and external mechanisms are subjected to a stream of water at 246 liters (65 gallons) per minute from a 25.4 mm (1 in.) diameter nozzle, directed at all joints from all angles from a distance of 3…3.7 m (10...12 ft). Test time is 48 seconds times the test length [height + width + depth] of enclosure in meters (feet), or a minimum of 5 seconds. No water shall enter enclosure.

6.8 Rust Resistance Test (Applicable Only to Enclosures Incorporating External Ferrous Parts)

Enclosure is subjected to a salt spray (fog) for 24 hours, using water with five parts by weight of salt (NaCI), at 35 °C (95 °F), then rinsed and dried. There shall be no rust except where protection is impractical (for example, machined mating surfaces, sliding surfaces of hinges, shafts, etc.).

6.9 Corrosion Protection

Sheet steel enclosures are evaluated per Underwriter's Laboratories (UL) 50, Part 13 (test for equivalent protection as G-90 commercial zinc coated sheet steel). Other materials per Underwriter's Laboratories (UL) 508, 6.9 or 6.10.

6.11 (2) Air Pressure Test (Alternate Method)

Enclosure is submerged in water at a pressure equal to water depth of 2 m (6 ft), for 24 hours. No water shall enter enclosure.

6.12 Oil Exclusion Test

Enclosure is subjected to a stream of test liquid for 30 minutes from a 9.5 mm (0.375 in.) diameter nozzle at 7.57 liters (2 gallons) a minute. Water with 0.1% wetting agent is directed from all angles from a distance of 305…457 mm (12…18 in.), while any externally operated device is operated at 30 operations per minute. No test liquid shall enter the enclosure.
Rockwell Automation Publication DRIVES-AT003C-EN-P - October 2020 15
Chapter 1 Environmental Considerations

Abridged Descriptions of UL Standard 698 Test Requirements

The following descriptions are based on the descriptions in the UL Standard 698 Test Requirements.

Explosion Test

During a series of tests in which gas-air mixtures of the specific gas, over its range of explosive concentrations, are ignited inside the enclosure, the enclosure shall prevent the passage of flame and sparks capable of igniting a similar gas-air mixture surrounding the enclosure. In addition, there shall be no mechanical damage to enclosed electrical mechanisms or the enclosure.

Hydrostatic Test

The enclosure shall withstand for one minute a hydrostatic test based on the maximum internal explosion pressure developed during the explosion tests, as follows: cast metal, four times the explosion pressure without rupture or permanent deformation; fabricated steel, twice the explosion pressure without permanent deformation and three times the explosion pressure without rupture. Exception: Hydrostatic tests can be omitted if calculations show safety factor of 5:1 for cast metal, and 4:1 for fabricated steel.

Temperature Test

The enclosed device is subjected to a temperature test to determine maximum temperature at any point on the external surface. The device must be marked with a temperature code based on the result only if the temperature exceeds 100 °C (212 °F).

Dust Penetration Test

The device is operated at full rated load until equilibrium temperatures are attained, then allowed to cool to ambient (room) temperature, through six heating and cooling cycles covering at least 30 hours, while continuously exposed to circulating dust of specified properties in a test chamber. No dust shall enter the enclosure.

Temperature Test with Dust Blanket

This test is conducted as described for the Dust Penetration test except that the re-circulating dust nozzles are positioned so that the dust is not blown directly on the device under test. The device is operated at full rated load (and under abnormal conditions for equipment subject to overloading) until equilibrium temperatures are attained. Dust in contact with the enclosure shall not ignite or discolor from heat, and the exterior surface temperatures based on 40 °C (104 °F) ambient shall not exceed the values listed below.
Class II, Group Normal Operating Conditions Abnormal Operating Conditions
E 200 °C (392 °F) 200 °C (392 °F)
F 150 °C (302 °F) 200 °C (392 °F)
G 120 °C (248 °F) 165 °C (329 °F)

Enclosure Type Descriptions

This section provides enclosure type descriptions for hazardous and non-hazardous locations.
16 Rockwell Automation Publication DRIVES-AT003C-EN-P - October 2020
Chapter 1 Environmental Considerations

Type 1 – General Purpose Surface Mounting

Type 1 enclosures are intended for indoor use primarily to provide a degree of protection against contact with the enclosed
equipment in locations where unusual service conditions do not exist. The enclosures are designed to meet the rod-entry and rust-resistance design tests. Enclosure is sheet steel, treated to resist corrosion.

Type 1 – Flush Mounting

Type 1 Flush Mounting enclosures for installation in machine frames and plaster wall. These enclosures are for similar applications and are
designed to meet the same tests as Type 1 surface mounting.

Type 3 – Rainproof Dusttight

Type 3 enclosures are intended for outdoor use primarily to provide a degree of protection against windblown dust, rain, and sleet; and to
be undamaged by the formation of ice on the enclosure. They are designed to meet rain
(1)
, external icing
tests. They are not intended to provide protection against conditions such as internal condensation or internal icing.
(2)
, dust, and rust-resistance design

Type 3R – Rainproof

Type 3R enclosures are intended for outdoor use primarily to provide a degree of protection against falling rain, and to be undamaged by
the formation of ice on the enclosure. They are designed to meet rod entry, rain
(3)
external icing
(4)
, and rust resistance design tests. They are
not intended to provide protection against conditions such as dust, internal condensation, or internal icing.

Type 4 – Watertight

Type 4 enclosures are intended for indoor or outdoor use primarily to provide a degree of protection against windblown dust
and rain, splashing water, and hose-directed water; and to be undamaged by the formation of ice on the enclosure. They are
(4)
designed to meet hosedown, dust, and external icing tests
. They are not intended to provide protection against conditions
such as internal condensation or internal icing.

Type 4X – Non-metallic, Corrosion-resistant

Type 4X enclosures are intended for indoor or outdoor use primarily to provide a degree of protection against corrosion,
windblown dust and rain, splashing water, and hose-directed water; and to be undamaged by the formation of ice on the
(4)
enclosure. They are designed to meet the hosedown, dust, external icing not intended to provide protection against conditions such as internal condensation or internal icing.
, and corrosion-resistance design tests. They are
(1) Evaluation criteria: No water has entered enclosure during specified test. (2) Evaluation criteria: Undamaged after ice buildup during specified test has melted. (Note: Not required to be operable while iceladen.) (3) Evaluation criteria: No water shall have reached live parts, insulation or mechanisms. (4) Evaluation criteria: Undamaged after ice buildup during specified test has melted. (Note: Not required to be operable while iceladen.)
Rockwell Automation Publication DRIVES-AT003C-EN-P - October 2020 17
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