ALINKET Alinket
Version 2.0
September 20, 2016
wireless controller
ALXC12B User Manual
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ALXC12B User Manual
Copyright
©2015-2016 Alinket Technologies Corporation. All rights reserved.
This document is the property of Alinket Electronic Technologies Corp and is delivered
on the express condition that it not be disclosed, reproduced in whole or in part, or used
for manufacture for anyone other than Alinket Technologies Corp without its written
consent, and that no right is granted to disclose or so use any information contained in
said document. This restriction does not limit the right to use information obtained from
other sources.
Trademarks
ALXC12B is a registered trademark of Alinket Electronic Technologies Corp. Alinket is a
registered trademark of Alinket Technologies Corp. Other products and company names
mentioned here in may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
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Revision History
ALXC12B User Manual
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List of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 9
1.1 OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................................................... 9
1.2 HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE ................................................................................................................. 10
1.3 INTERFACE AND PERIPHERALS .............................................................................................................. 10
1.4 PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS ....................................................................................................................... 11
1.4.1 Mechanical Size ........................................................................................................................ 11
1.4.2 PCB Footprint ........................................................................................................................... 11
1.5 PIN ASSIGNMENT ............................................................................................................................. 12
1.6 PIN DESCRIPTION .............................................................................................................................. 12
2. HARDWARE DESIGN GUIDE ............................................................................................................. 14
2.1 SMALLEST SYSTEM ............................................................................................................................. 14
2.2 TYPICAL APPLICATION ......................................................................................................................... 14
2.3 POWER ............................................................................................................................................ 15
2.4 UART INTERFACE .............................................................................................................................. 16
2.5 SPI INTERFACE .................................................................................................................................. 16
2.6 I2C INTERFACE .................................................................................................................................. 16
2.7 ADC & GPIO ................................................................................................................................... 17
2.8 NRST .............................................................................................................................................. 17
3. SOFTWARE DESIGN GUIDE .............................................................................................................. 18
3.1 UART TRANSPARENT MODE ............................................................................................................... 18
3.2 ACM MODE .................................................................................................................................... 18
4. TEST & DEBUG MANUAL ................................................................................................................. .19
4.1 PREPARATION .................................................................................................................................... 19
4.1.1 Tools .......................................................................................................................................... 19
4.1.2 Evaluation Kit ...........................................................................................................................20
4.1.3 Set Up ....................................................................................................................................... 22
4.2 PROCESS INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 24
4.2.1 Wi-Fi Transparent Mode .......................................................................................................... 24
4.2.2 ACM Mode for Wi-Fi ................................................................................................................ 27
4.2.3 ACM Mode for BT ..................................................................................................................... 32
4.2.4 ACM Mode for BLE ................................................................................................................... 37
5. WORK CONDITION .......................................................................................................................... 38
5.1 RANGE OF OPERATION ....................................................................................................................... 38
5.2 RECOMMENDED OPERATION RANGE .................................................................................................... 38
6. MANUFACTURING ........................................................................................................................... 39
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6.1 RECOMMENDED REFLOW PROFILE ....................................................................................................... 39
6.2 ROHS DECLARATION ......................................................................................................................... 39
7. ORDERING INFORMATION ............................................................................................................... 40
8. TECHNICAL SUPPORT ...................................................................................................................... 40
9. REFERENCE ..................................................................................................................................... 40
APPENDIX: ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................... 41
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List of Figures
Figure 1 Top View ................................................................................................................... 9
Figure 2 Block Diagram ......................................................................................................... 10
Figure 3 Pad Dimension (Top View) ...................................................................................... 11
Figure 4 Ball Maps ................................................................................................................ 12
Figure 5 Smallest System ...................................................................................................... 14
Figure 6 Typical Application .................................................................................................. 14
Figure 7 Power Circuit .......................................................................................................... 15
Figure 8 VDDIO Circuit .......................................................................................................... 15
Figure 9 PUART Circuit .......................................................................................................... 16
Figure 10 SPI Circuit .............................................................................................................. 16
Figure 11 I2C Circuit ............................................................................................................. 16
Figure 12 NRST ..................................................................................................................... 17
Figure 13 Antenna Area ........................................................................................................ 18
Figure 14 ALXC12X EVK ......................................................................................................... 21
Figure 15 Without HW Flow Control .................................................................................... 22
Figure 16 With HW Flow Control .......................................................................................... 22
Figure 17 Connection Diagram – Without HW Flow Control ................................................ 23
Figure 18 Connection Diagram – With HW Flow Control ...................................................... 23
Figure 19 Connection Map – Normal Case ........................................................................... 24
Figure 20 Connection Map – Roaming ................................................................................. 24
Figure 21 Connection Map - EAP .......................................................................................... 24
Figure 22 Set up a Server ...................................................................................................... 25
Figure 23 Network Configuration – Flashlink ........................................................................ 26
Figure 24 TCP Connected ..................................................................................................... 27
Figure 25 ACMTH Function Blocks ........................................................................................ 28
Figure 26 Add Serial Port in ACMTH ..................................................................................... 29
Figure 27 ACM Operation ..................................................................................................... 29
Figure 28 Roaming Setup ...................................................................................................... 30
Figure 29 Get AP Information ............................................................................................... 30
Figure 30 Set Roaming Parameters ....................................................................................... 31
Figure 31 EAP Configuration ................................................................................................. 32
Figure 32 Wi-Fi Join for EAP .................................................................................................. 32
Figure 33 Wi-Fi On ................................................................................................................ 33
Figure 34 BT On .................................................................................................................... 33
Figure 35 Ready for Pairing ................................................................................................... 34
Figure 36 Pairing Successful.................................................................................................. 34
Figure 37 Connecting through RFCOMM .............................................................................. 35
Figure 38 Connected Status Indication ................................................................................. 35
Figure 39 Master & Slave Test Connection ........................................................................... 36
Figure 40 Port Configuration by ACMTH ............................................................................... 36
Figure 41 Setup Connection between Master & Slave ......................................................... 37
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Figure 42 Connection Successful Indication ......................................................................... 37
Figure 43 BLE On .................................................................................................................. 38
Figure 44 BLE Operation ....................................................................................................... 38
Figure 45 Reflow Profile ........................................................................................................ 40
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List of Tables
Table 1 Product Family ............................................................................................................ 9
Table 2 MCU and Interfaces .................................................................................................. 10
Table 3 Mechanical Dimensions ........................................................................................... 11
Table 4 Pin Descriptions ........................................................................................................ 12
Table 5 GPIO List ................................................................................................................... 17
Table 6 Hardware Tools ......................................................................................................... 20
Table 7 Software Tools .......................................................................................................... 20
Table 8 USB – UART Convertor PIN ....................................................................................... 22
Table 9 Roaming Parameters ................................................................................................ 31
Table 10 Range of Operation – General Specification ........................................................... 39
Table 11 Recommended Voltage .......................................................................................... 39
Table 12 Recommended Temperature and Humidity ........................................................... 39
Table 13 Order Information .................................................................................................. 41
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1. Introduction
1.1 Overview
Alinket ALXC12B , which has Wi-Fi 802.11b/g/n and Bluetooth 4.1 functionalities, is a portfolio of
low-powered, self-contained, embedded wireless module solutions that address the connectivity
demands of machine to machine applications.
ALXC12B supports a U.FL connector which provides the flexibility for customer to pick up
its own proper external antenna.
Table 1 Product
ALXC12B Wi-Fi 2.4GHz + BT 4.1 IoT Controller, External Antenna, Support U.FL
Figure 1 Top View
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IEEE 802.11 b/g/n, Wi-Fi 2.4G
Bluetooth 4.1 (BR/EDR/LE)
50MHz, multiplexing with USB
Support 100KHz, 400KHz & 1MHz
12bit, 16 channel, multiplexing with GPIO
Max., multiplexing with interface & peripherals
1.2 Hardware Architecture
ALXC12B integrates an ARM® 32-bit Cortex®-M4 micro-controller, a Wi-Fi 2.4GHz & Bluetooth
4.1 SoC, an On-Board SPI Flash into the small factor module.
Figure 2 Block Diagram
1.3 Interface and Peripherals
The controller family includes various different host interfaces to communicate with Host CPU.
Below table lists the basic descriptions of the MCU, Wi-Fi SoC and the interfaces.
Table 2 MCU and Interfaces
ALXC12B
Note: SPI, I2C interfaces are for customized projects only, not for standard product, please contact
your local Alinket sales office or distributors for more information.
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1.4 Physical Dimensions
Dimensions tolerances (L x W x H)
1.4.1 Mechanical Size
Table 3 Mechanical Dimensions
1.4.2 PCB Footprint
ALXC12B User Manual
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Figure 3 Pad Dimension (Top View)
1.5 PIN Assignment
PIN connection
(when not using )
ALXC12B PIN ball maps are described as follows.
ALXC12B User Manual
Figure 4 Ball Maps
1.6 PIN Description
Table 4 Pin Descriptions
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2. Hardware Design Guide
2.1 Smallest System
The ALXC12B embedded a Cortex-M4 MCU, Wi-Fi + BT combo SoC, Flash memory and an on-
board or external antenna, when it’s power on and pulled up the 10K Ohm connected to NRST
(PIN13), it can start to work, shown as below Figure.
Figure 5 Smallest System
2.2 Typical Application
ALXC12B provides multiple host interface and peripheral interfaces such as UART, SPI, I2C and
GPIO. A typical application is ALXC12B to be connected by a customer host through UART or SPI
interface and GPIO for status or application controls. Then the ALXC12B device can connect and
communicate with an AP/router or Bluetooth devices and transmit or receive data with a server.
Figure 6 Typical Application
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2.3 Power
ALXC12B module default power is 3.3V, reference power circuit shown below. Please note that
the power ripple should be controlled within 50mV.
Figure 7 Power Circuit
The power access to the VDDIO pin needs a filtering circuit shown below.
Figure 8 VDDIO Circuit
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2.4 UART Interface
ALXC12B has one standard UART with a maximum data rate up to 6 Mbps. The default baud rate
is 115,200 which can be configured by Alinket ACM (Alinket Control Messages) command.
The PINs for UART interface is: UART_Tx/PIN 8, UART_Rx/PIN 12, its reference circuit to a host
MCU is shown below.
Figure 9 PUART Circuit
2.5 SPI Interface
The ALXC12B has one independent SPI interface. It can be either a master or a slave. It
can communicate at up to minimum 25 Mbps to 50MHz.
The PINs for SPI interface is: SPI_MOSI/PIN 4, SPI_NSS/PIN 5, SPI_CLK/PIN 6, SPI_MISO/PIN 7, SPI
reference circuit to MCU is shown below.
Figure 10 SPI Circuit
2.6 I2C Interface
I2C bus interfaces can operate in both master and slave modes. It can support the standard (up to
100 kHz) and fast (up to 400 kHz) modes. Its frequency can be increased up to 1 MHz.
The PINs for I2C interface is I2C_SDA/PIN 5, I2C_CSL/PIN 6. Reference circuit is shown below.
Figure 11 I2C Circuit
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2.7 ADC & GPIO
ALXC12B has 6 ADC and 16 GPIO interfaces. All of GPIO ports support programmable pull-up and
pull-down resistors and can be directly connected. The ADC and GPIO are multiplexed & list
below. Table 5 GPIO List
2.8 NRST
Under some circumstance, ALXC12B need to be reset to recovery its system. An external signal
needs to be provide to the NRST of ALXC12B . NRST (PIN 13) reference circuit is shown below.
Figure 12 NRST
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ALXC12X User Manual
3. Software Design Guide
ALXC12B support two work modes: UART Transparent Mode and ACM Mode.
3.1 UART Transparent Mode
ALXC12B supports serial interface transparent transmission mode when Bluetooth is not used.
The benefits of this mode are a plug and play serial data port, and reduced user complexity. In
this mode, the user should only configure the necessary parameters. After power on, the module
can automatically connect to the default master.
If Bluetooth is used, only ACM mode is supported.
3.2 ACM Mode
ACM (Alinket Controller Message) is a message system and protocol for the communications
between customer host MCU and Alinket IoT controllers. It is developed by Alinket itself and is
applicable to all Alinket controllers.
ACM system works with the host control interfaces between customer host MCU and Alinket
controllers. The messages include host control commands, controller command response, and alarm
events from Alinket controller as well.
Detailed message definition, the implementation of massage Flow Control and Power Save functions
can be found in documents of Alinket Controller Message Specification, Alinket Host Control
Interface Guide (* Please contact your local Alinket sales office or distributors to get the related
documents).
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Used for send/receive commands, connect
the module, OS: Win 8.0 or above
Perform Wi-Fi & Bluetooth functions
USB-to-Serial converter (TTL interface)
Alinket Controller Message Test Host
UART send/receive commands tool
Network configuration (AP and Server)
Alinket RFCOMM Test Host, it can send and
receive data between BT module and BT of PC
4. Test & Debug Manual
4.1 Preparation
4.1.1 Tools
4.1.1.1 Hardware Tools
Hardware tools include ALXC12B module, EVK, PC, USB-to-Serial converter (TTL interface), Wi-Fi
AP, Wi-Fi AC.
Table 6 Hardware Tools
ALXC12B EVK
Connect from FT232 USB – UART Board
to ALXC12B EVK
4.1.1.2 Software Tools
Software tools include PC (Win 8.0 or above), Serial Debugger Tool (UARTAssist), ACMTH, Alinket
SocketRunner, Flashlink & RFCOMM.
Table 7 Software Tools
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4.1.2 Evaluation Kit
Alinket provides the evaluation kit to let users to familiarize module and develop prototypes and
dedicated software. Evaluation Kit normally work with a USB to UART convertor, which provide
connection between PC and the EVK.
4.1.2.1 ALXC12B EVK
ALXC12B EVK is shown below with its major function bloacks.
Figure 14 ALXC12B EVK
One micro-USB connector supporting USB interfaces and power supply (+5V)
Direct +3.3V DC power supply via PINs
A reset button to reset EVK
Two Key buttons to test GPIO function
Two LEDs to indicate two GPIO status
A JTAG debug interface connector
A pad of the headers to access the I/O pins of ALXC12B
An ALXC12B controlller
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4.1.2.2 USB to UART Convertor
The convertor is used for connecting between the EVK with PC. Its PIN definition is described below.
Figure 15 Without HW Flow Control
Figure 16 With HW Flow Control
Table 8 USB – UART Convertor PIN
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4.1.3 Set Up
Connect the EVK and PC (Host) with USB-to-Serial converter.
4.1.3.1 Connection Diagram
Figure 17 Connection Diagram – Without HW Flow Control
ALXC12B User Manual
Figure 18 Connection Diagram – With HW Flow Control
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4.1.3.2 Connection Map
Figure 19 Connection Map – Normal Case
ALXC12B User Manual
Figure 20 Connection Map – Roaming
Figure 21 Connection Map - EAP
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4.2 Process Introduction
4.2.1 Wi-Fi Transparent Mode
ALXC12B supports serial interface transparent transmission mode. Under transparent mode,
users need only to configure the necessary parameters. After power on, the module can be
connected to the master. TCP & UDP is common protocol for network connections.
4.2.1.1 TCP
Step1. Set up a server on a computer attached to an AP.
Figure 22 Set up a Server
Step2. Install Alinket Flashlink software on a mobile device, which can join the same AP as the
computer.
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Step3. Network configuration by using Flashlink software as shown below.
ALXC12B User Manual
Figure 23 Network Configuration – Flashlink
Step4. WIFI SSID is the name of the AP that the computer attached to.
Step5. Server URL is the server IP and port number.
Step6. Stop/Start button will launch the “Flashlink” function.
Step7. When configuration is finished, click “Start” button, if flash link is successful, the module
will automatically configured.
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Step8. After the module connects to the server successfully, message can be exchanged between
the computer and the module as shown in below figure.
Figure 24 TCP Connected
4.2.1.2 UDP
Step1. Set up a client on computer, configure the UDP setting.
Step3. Repeat step 2~7 in chapter 4.2. But server URL in step 3 should be udp://XXX.XXX.X.X:port
number.
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4.2.2 ACM Mode for Wi-Fi
4.2.2.1 ACMTH
ACMTH (ACM Test Host) is a tool for ACM test simulated as a host. It includes mainly 4 functions.
Figure 25 ACMTH Function Blocks
Part 1: Show different function which can set module in different status.
Part 2: Each function in part1 have child configuration.
Part 3: Execute the current setting or get message from module.
Part 4: Show the send and receive message.
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4.2.2.2 Configuration Process
Users can send ACM commands to module for executions such as ON or OFF WIFI, Join or Leave
AP and so on. It is described below on how to use ACM tool to send command. Detailed
commands please refer to AN_ACM_User Manual.
Step1. Connect EVK and PC with USB-to-Serial
Step2. Open ACMTH
Step3. Click “Add” to add port in “Module Port” (Double click/right click port to open or close port)
Figure 26 Add Serial Port in ACMTH
Step4. Choice message you want to send in “Request Messages”
Step5. Clink “Send” button. If Send message successful, tool can get response from module
Figure 27 ACM Operation
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4.2.2.3 Roaming
Step1: setup test environment as below:
ALXC12B User Manual
Figure 28 Roaming Setup
Note: The SSID and password of AP1 and AP2 must be the same.
Step2: Start TCP or UDP traffic between module and server
Step3: Check AP info and RSSI by ACM command “Get AP Information”
Figure 29 Get AP Information
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Step4: Set roaming parameters.
Figure 30 Set Roaming Parameters
Table 9 Roaming Parameters
Step5: Move the module from the coverage of AP1 to AP2, check the BSSID and RSSI of AP2.
Note: A successful roaming must
1) IP address of module won’t change.
2) Traffic won’t stop.
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4.2.2.4 EAP
Step1. Open port with baud rate as SW default
Step2. Click “EAP Configuration” tool in ACM tool and configure it as follows
Figure 31 EAP Configuration
Note: Phase1 Method must be ”PEAP”; Phase2 Method can be “GTC” or “MsChapV2”;
Authentication ID and Password is defined by Radius server.
Step3: Send “WIFI on” message;
Step4: Fill in destination AP SSID, and set security as “Wpa2_8021X_Eap_Secure”, leave password as
blank, then send “WIFI Join” message.
Figure 32 Wi-Fi Join for EAP
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4.2.3 ACM Mode for BT
4.2.3.1 EVK to PC
Step1: ALXC12B EVK connects to the USB port of your PC and gets this EVK COM port (COM3)
from Device Manager of PC.
Step2: Open ACMTH tool and send “WIFI on” command.
Figure 33 Wi-Fi On
Step3: After Wi-Fi On successfully, send “B T On” command .
Figure 34 BT On
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Step4: Setting BT mode to ”slave “ and send “set BT Mode” on ACMTH tool.
Step5: Connect with PC Bluetooth, Click “win10” ---“setting”—“device” ---"Bluetooth” and pair
corresponding device in list.
Figure 35 Ready for Pairing
Step6: Waiting for connection successfully.
Figure 36 Pairing Successful
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Step7: Open Alinket RFCOMM Test Host tool, chose corresponding device and click “connect”
Figure 37 Connecting through RFCOMM
Step8: ALXC12B should receive a message indicating that the connecting was successful.
Figure 38 Connected Status Indication
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4.2.3.2 EVK to EVK
Step1: Prepare 2ps ALXC12B, one is as master role and the other is as slave role. For example ,
ALXC12B_Local port com3 is as master and ALXC12B_Local port com307 is as slave;
Figure 39 Master & Slave Test Connection
Step2: Send “WIFI ON” and “BT ON” command respectively from local port COM3 and COM307.
Figure 40 Port Configuration by ACMTH
Step3: Send “Enable BT advertise” from the slave role (local port com307).
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Step4: Use “BT Master Connect” to setup the connection with slave’s MAC address.
Figure 41 Setup Connection between Master & Slave
Step5: Master gets response with success return code and connect up indication.
Figure 42 Connection Successful Indication
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4.2.4 ACM Mode for BLE
Same procedure as ACM Mode for BT
Step1: Add local port.
Step2: Open ACMTH tool and send “WIFI on” command.
Step3: After Wi-Fi On successfully, send “B LE On” command .
Figure 43 BLE On
ALXC12B User Manual
Step4. Chose message you want to send in “Request Messages”
Step5. Clink “Send” button. If Send message successful, tool can get response from module
Figure 44 BLE Operation
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5. Work Condition
General operating temperature
Moisture Sensitivity Level
Restriction of Hazardous Substances
40% ~ 70%, relative humidity
5.1 Range of Operation
Table 10 Range of Operation – General Specification
5.2 Recommended Operation Range
ALXC12B User Manual
Table 11 Recommended Voltage
Table 12 Recommended Temperature and Humidity
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6. Manufacturing
6.1 Recommended Reflow Profile
Referred to IPC/JEDEC Standard,
Peak Temperature < 250 °C,
Number of Times <= 2Times.
ALXC12B User Manual
Figure 45 Reflow Profile
6.2 ROHS Declaration
To the best of our present knowledge, given our supplier declarations, this product does not contain
any substance that is banned by EU RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU and its amendment directives – XRF.
RoHS restricted substances are list below.
Cadmium (Cd)
Lead (Pb)
Mercury (Hg)
Hexavalent Chromium (Cr(VI))
Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs)
Polybrominated diphenylether (PBDEs)
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7. Ordering Information
Wi-Fi 2.4GHz + BT 4.0 Combo IoT Controller, On-Board Antenna
Wi-Fi 2.4GHz + BT4.0 Combo IoT Controller, External Antenna (U.FL)
Table 13 Order Information
8. Technical Support
For technical support, please contact:
Alinket Electronic Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.
E-Mail: support@alinket.com
Tel: +86 21 6104 8128
ALXC12B User Manual
Address: Floor 4, No.10, Lane 198, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204 P. R. China
9. Reference
[1] ALXC12B Product Brief, Alinket
[2] ALXC12B Schematic Diagram, Alinket
[3] ALXC12B Datasheet, Alinket
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16Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
64Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
Analog-to-Digital Converter
Adaptive Real-Time Memory
Alinket IoT Development Kit
Audio Engineering Society
Binary Phase Shift Keying
Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
Complementary Code Keying
Digital-to-Analog Converter
Dhrystone Million Instructions executed Per Second
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
Extension Authentication Protocol
General-Purpose Input-Output
Host Negotiation Protocol
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Low-profile Quad Flat Package
Moisture Sensitivity Level
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol- Good Till Cancelled
Microsoft Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
Appendix: Acronyms and Abbreviations
The following list of acronyms and abbreviations may appear in this document.
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ALXC12B User Manual
Poly Brominated Biphenyl Ether
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
Restriction of Hazardous Substances
Serial Peripheral Interface
Secure Digital Input and Output Card
Static Random Access Memory
Transmission Control Protocol
Temporal Key Integrity Protocol
Universal Serial Bus Host Mode
Universal Serial Bus Device Mode
universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter
Wireless Local Area Network
WLAN Authentication and Privacy Infrastructure
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FCC Statement
Any Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could
void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
(1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and
(2) This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired
operation.
FCC Radiation Exposure Statement:
This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled
environment .This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between
the radiator& your body.
FCC Label Instructions
The outside of final products that contains this module device must display a label referring to the
enclosed module. This exterior label can use wording such as:
“Contains Transmitter Module FCC ID:2AELJ-ALXC12B" or “Contains FCC ID:2AELJ-ALXC12B” Any
similar wording that expresses the same meaning may be used.
Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device,
pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection
against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can
radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions,
may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that
interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful
interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off
and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following
measures:
—Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
—Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
—Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is
connected.
—Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.