The AS16x12 is the most advanced automatic matrix mixer available today. Combining 16 automatic input channels, 12
output channels, and a full crosspoint matrix system into 2 rack spaces, the AS16x12 is a compact solution for a wide variety
of sound system applications. 15 nonvolatile preset memory positions mean complete flexibility and reconfigurability.
The 16 automatic inputs utilize the patented Proportional Gain plus Autoskew mixing algorithm* for seamless automatic
mixing performance. Input preamp gains include +50dB and +30dB for both dynamic and electret microphones, and 0dB
for line level inputs. Gain trim range on the inputs is +15dB to -63dB plus off.
The crosspoint matrix allows any input (or combination of inputs) to be routed to any output (or combination of outputs).
Available crosspoint gains include -15dB, -10dB, -5dB, 0dB, +3dB, +6dB, and off. In addition to the 16 inputs, matrix
sources include the audio from the LecNet Expansion connector as well as an internal noise source.
The 12 outputs are balanced line level. Outputs 9-12 each have a mic/line level switch to make those outputs compatible
with mic level devices like some four channel tape recorders.
The AS16x12 features a wealth of programmable features. With 17 programmable inputs and 19 programmable outputs,
even the most sophisticated control schemes are straightforward. The programmable inputs can control input or output level
on any grouping of inputs or outputs, memory preset recall, matrix crosspoint switching, or various functions associated
with the built-in room combining capability. Programmable outputs can indicate either input channel activity or the current
state of a programmable input.
The AS16x12 has an RS-232 port for remote setup or control by a computer or other RS-232 compatible controller. More
than one AS16x12 may be coupled together for larger applications.
The AS16x12 uses a straightforward analog signal path to provide excellent audio performance. This is coupled with a
sophisticated microcontroller to implement the automatic mixing, matrix control, room combining, and programmable
input and output functions. The Adaptive Level Proportional automatic mixing algorithm is used by the AS16x12. This
algorithm uses the signal level pattern at the microphones to derive a pattern of channel gains. For instance, if only one
microphone channel is being spoken into, its level is dominant and that channel gets most of the system gain, while all other
channels are turned down. If more than one microphone is active, they share system gain according to their relative levels.
A “skewing” function gives some advantage to microphones which are active over time, to minimize interruptions from
transient noise at other microphones. Since the gain of each channel is apportioned continuously based on its relative level,
no abrupt gain changes are made. This makes the automatic action virtually inaudible.
Figure 1 shows the simplified block diagram of the AS16x12. The microphone preamp is a low-noise discrete design, which
is extensively RF protected. The preamp has three gain settings. The 0dB setting allows an input to accept line level signals,
while the +30dB and +50dB gain settings accommodate both low and high sensitivity microphones. Switchable 15V
Phantom power is provided for each channel.
Following the mic preamp, the audio
signal passes through a high quality
Voltage Controlled Amplifier (VCA).
This VCA, controlled by a signal from
the system D/A converter, is used to
implement both static gain control
(i.e. mic trim and remote input level)
and gain reduction for the automatic
mixing function. A Channel On LED
indicates which inputs are currently
active. A sweepable low-cut filter and
a shelving high frequency filter
provide tone control for each input.
The 16 inputs are routed through an
18 in / 12 out crosspoint matrix. The
matrix has multiple crosspoint gains
to accommodate the most com-plex
signal routing needs. Aside from the
16 inputs, the matrix also includes
two other inputs: a noise generator
and the input signal from the LecNet
Expansion In rear panel connector.
Signals from the Expansion In and
Expansion Out connectors allow easy
interface to AS8 mixers. In addition, a
Mix Minus signal is available which
allows easy interfacing to teleconferencing hybrids like the TH3A.
An RS-232 port is available to allow
many of the functions of the
AS16x12 to be controlled either by a
computer or a dedicated contro l
FROM INPUT 2
FROM INPUT 3
FROM INPUT 4
FROM INPUT 5
FROM INPUT 6
FROM INPUT 7
FROM INPUT 8
FROM INPUT 9
FROM INPUT 10
FROM INPUT 11
FROM INPUT 12
FROM INPUT 13
FROM INPUT 14
FROM INPUT 15
FROM INPUT 16
PROCESSOR
CONTROLLED
SWITCH
ARRAY
PROCESSOR
CONTROLLED
VARIABLE
RESISTOR
Σ
Σ
Σ
Σ
Σ
Σ
Σ
Σ
SERIAL BUS
MAIN IN
AUTO MIX
LOG IN
SERIAL BUS
MAINOUT
MIX MINUS IN
AUTO MAX
LOG OUT
NOM IN 1
NOM IN 2
NOM IN 3
NOM IN 4
NOM IN 5
NOM IN 6
NOM IN 7
NOM IN 8
Because it is so highly integrated, the AS16x12 is straightforward to install. The following sections explain the installation
and wiring, as well as the software setup of the AS16x12.
AS16X12 AUDIO INPUTS
Each of the 16 AS16x12 inputs is balanced, and provides 15V
phantom power (through 2K ohm feed resistors to the “+” and
“-” input connections). Phantom power is switchable on a perchannel basis. The drawing to the right shows two examples
of line level interface with the AS16x12; one, an unbalanced
line level source and the other, a balanced line level source.
Unbalanced Line Level SourceBalanced Line Level Source
AS16X12 AUDIO OUTPUTS
Each of the 12 AS16x12 outputs is balanced, and outputs 9 - 12 may be set for line or microphone level output. To use an
output in the unbalanced line level mode, take the signal from the “+” output connection and the output ground. Leave
the “-” output floating. To use outputs 9 - 12 in the unbalanced microphone level mode, take the signal from the “+” output
connection and the output ground. In this case, you should connect the “-” output to ground. Be sure that the MIC/LINE
switch is in the MIC (down) position for the desired output.
AS16X12 PROGRAMMABLE INPUTS
The AS16x12 has 17 programmable inputs which can control a variety of AS16x12 parameters. Each input can respond to
either a contact closure or a continuous voltage. The diagram to the right shows common connections to the programmable
input pins.
Pot Connection for Analog Control of GainContact Closure as Programmable InputDC Voltage source as Programmable Input
Each programmable input is internally pulled up through a 100K resistor to +5V, so no external pull up resistors are
necessary. When using a continuous voltage with one of the programmable inputs, the Function of the programmable input
must be set to either Analog In Control or Analog Out Control. See the Programmable Input tab in the AS16x12 Control
Panel software for setting all programmable input parameters.
AS16X12 PROGRAMMABLE OUTPUTS
The AS16x12 has 19 programmable
outputs which can indicate either
channel activity or the current state
of a programmable input. Each
programmable output is the electrical
equivalent of a contact closure to
g round. When a pro g r a m m a b l e
output is “active”, it conducts
c u rrent to ground. When the
programmable output is “inactive”,
no current flows to ground. The
maximum usable voltage for the
program-mable outputs is 40V, and
they will safely conduct up to
100mADC continuous. The diagram
on the right shows some typical uses
for the programmable outputs.
LED is on when the programmable output is activeLED is off when the programmable output is active
4
It is permissible to run LEDs from the +5VDC pins on the programmable input connector, as long as the total LED current
for all LEDS on does not exceed 100mA. Similarly, 5V relay coils may also be run from the +5VDC pins on the
programmable input connector, as long as the total coil current for all relays on does not exceed 100mA. Note that the
diagram shows an external DC source powering the relay coil. This will be necessary if coil voltages above 5V are needed.
AUDIO EXPANSION IN/OUT
When multiple AS16x12s are used in an application, their Audio Expansion ports must be interconnected using the Audio
Expansion In/Out connectors on the rear panel of the AS16x12. These two 30 pin headers are just to the right of the LecNet
(RS232) jack on the rear panel. A 3" 30 conductor ribbon cable is supplied with each AS16x12 for this purpose. When
installing the AS16x12s in a rack, the Master AS16x12 should be mounted in the top of the rack, with Slave AS16x12s
mounted below the Master AS16x12. The ribbon connector then connects the Audio Expansion In connector of the Master
AS16x12 to the Audio Expansion Out connector of the first Slave AS16x12. If there are more than one Slave AS16x12s,
the Audio Expansion In connector of the first Slave AS16x12 is connected to the Audio Expansion Out connector of the
second Slave AS16x12, and so on for as many Slave AS16x12s as exist in the system.
AS16x12 Rear Panel
TH3A Rear Panel
To additional AM16x12s
CONNECTING MULTIPLE AS16X12S TOGETHERCONNECTING THE AS16X12 TO THE TH3A
5
CONNECTING THE AS16X12 TO THE AS8CONNECTING THE AS16X12 TO THE TH3A
AND A VIDEO RECORDER
LECNET EXPANSION IN/OUT
When other LecNet devices are used in conjunction with the AS16x12s, the LecNet Expansion ports of these devices must
also be interconnected. Refer to the diagrams above for proper interconnections. The LecNet Expansion In and Out pinouts
are shown below.
Pin Expansion In Function Expansion Out Function
1Main In Main Out
2Mix Minus Out Mix Minus In
3N/C N/C
4N/C N/C
5RS-232 RX RS-232 RX
6RS-232 TX RS-232 TX
7Ground Ground
8N/C N/C
6
FRONT PANEL DESCRIPTION
CHANNEL ACTIVITY LEDS - Indicates channel activity. The LEDs light when the attenuation applied by the automatic
mixing algorithm is less than or equal to 6dB. The indication of channel activity is responsive to the Input Qualification and
Output Hold time parameters, which may be set in the Miscellaneous tab of the AS16x12 control panel.
RESET DEFAULTS button - This button will reset the unit to factory defaults when held down while the power switch
is turned on.
GAIN SELECTION SWITCHES 1-16 - Allows input channel gain to be set. 0dB gain, for line level sources, is set when
both switches of the pair are in the up position. 30dB gain, typically for high output (electret) microphones, is set when the
left switch is in the up position and the right switch is in the down position. 50dB gain, used for low output (dynamic)
microphones, is set when both switches are in the down position.
LINE OUTPUTS 1-12 - Provide balanced system outputs. The Line Outputs may also be used in an unbalanced mode by
connecting the “+” terminal of the Line Output to the signal lead of the unbalanced device, and the ground terminal of the
Line Output to the ground of the unbalanced device. See “AS16x12 Audio Outputs” on page 4 for more information on
connecting the outputs in balanced and unbalanced mode.
MIC/LINE SWITCHES 9-12 - Introduces 40dB of attenuation into the associated line outputs 9-12. This yields the
appropriate signal levels to interface with mic level devices.
PROGRAMMABLE INPUTS - Allows remote control of a number of AS16x12 functions.
Each of the 17 programmable inputs can utilize either continuous DC voltages (0VDC5VDC) or contact closures, depending on the particular function chosen. For continuous
voltages, either a 10K ohm linear pot or an adjustable DC control voltage may be used. The
volume control action is internally scaled in software, giving an “audio-taper” characteristic
to a linear pot. When using a DC control voltage, the control constant is 0.167V/dB (or
6dB/V) from 0V to 5V. At 0V, the channel is turned completely off. The control voltage
should not exceed 5V.
PROGRAMMABLE OUTPUTS - Allows indication of either channel activity or
p rogrammable input states. Each of the 19 programmable inputs is the electronic equivalent
of a contact closure. The logic output will sink up to 100mA at voltages up to 40VDC,
h o w e v e r, the total current draw of all logic outputs should not exceed 100mA if the intern a l
+5V supply is used.
AUDIO EXPANSION IN/OUT - Allows multiple AS16x12s to be linked together when more than 16 inputs are needed.
In multiple AS16x12 setups, one AS16x12 is set to be the Master, and all others are set to be Slaves. The Audio Expansion
In of the Master AS16x12 is connected to the Audio Expansion Out of the first Slave AS16x12, using the supplied 30 pin
ribbon cable. The Audio Expansion In of the first Slave AS16x12 is connected to the Audio Expansion Out of the next Slave
AS16x12, and so on.
RS-232 SERIAL PORT - Provides access to and control of some of the operational features of the AS16x12. The port is
compatible with the serial port of a PC, or other controllers with RS-232 type serial ports. For hardware interconnection
and software details, see Appendix 1, “Serial Port Hardware and Software”.
EXPANSION IN/OUT - Allows other LecNet devices to be connected to the AS16x12. Also used when multiple
AS16x12s are connected together to bus the RS-232 serial connection between AS16x12s.
MASTER/SLAVE SWITCH - Sets the AS16x12 for use as a Master device or a Slave device. AS16x12s used singly should
be set for Master mode operation.
PWR IN - Connects to the PS60 power supply to provide power for the AS16x12.
PHANTOM POWER SWITCHES - Allow +15V phantom power to be applied or not on a per-channel basis.
AS16X12 REAR PANEL
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
Since most of the parameters used to set up the AS16x12 are adjusted using the AS16x12 Software Control Panel, the
operating instructions include instructions for the use of the software. It is recommended that you have the software
running, either live or in the demo mode, as you read through this section.
Power Up
When the AS16x12 is powered on, it automatically loads the active setup from Preset 1. Therefore, you should always store
the desired power--up setting for the AS16x12 in Preset 1.
Master/Slave Switch
The Master/Slave switch should be set to the Master position if only one AS16x12 is being used. When multiple AS16x12s
are used in a system, only one is set to Master and the rest are set to Slave. See also the wiring descriptions of the Audio
Expansion In/Out and Expansion In/Out connectors in the Installation section.
Input Preamp Gain
Input preamp gain is set using the dip switches just to the left of each 5 pin input connector. Dip switch settings for 0dB,
+30dB, and +50dB input gain are shown on the rear panel of the AS16x12. Generally, the +50dB position is used for all
dynamic microphones and electret microphones where the working distance from the microphone will be greater than
about 18 inches. The +30dB position is useful for electret microphones with working distances less than 18 inches and most
wireless microphones. The 0dB setting is for line level sources. Remember to switch phantom power on for electret
microphones and off for dynamic mics or line level sources.
Output Mic/Line Switch (Outputs 9 - 12)
Outputs 9 through 12 may be either Mic or Line level outputs. The dip switch between the output connectors for outputs
9/10 and 11/12 controls the output level. There is approximately 40dB of attenuation introduced in the Mic position
relative to the Line position.
Using the AS16x12 Software Control Panel
The AS16x12 software control panel may be used in one of two ways. When launched from the LecNet Master Pro
application, you can control all the parameters of the AS16x12 in real time. (Your PC must be connected to the AS16x12
using the supplied LecNet serial cable in order for this to happen.) Alternatively, you can launch the AS16x12 control panel
directly and it will automatically come up in the demo mode. The demo mode is useful for doing system setup (and saving
the setups to a disk file) without the need to be connected to an AS16x12.
System setup follows the order of the tabs on the control panel. Start at the left tab and work your way to the right. The
only exception to this is when you are using room combining. In this case, after setting up the input gain and input tone
controls, go directly to the room combining tab. Please refer to the AS16x12 Control Panel Software section of this manual
for a complete description of each control panel tab.
The diagram below represents the signal flow of one input to one output through one matrix crosspoint. Illustrated are all
the gain control points in the signal path.
To adjust this parameter: Use this control:
Mic Preamp Gain Rear panel dip switches
Input Gain Input gain tab on AS16x12 control panel software
Rear Panel (Input) Gain Programmable inputs on AS16x12 rear panel
Output Gain Output gain tab on AS16x12 control panel software
Rear Panel (Output) Gain Programmable outputs on AS16x12 rear panel
9
Input Gain Tab
Each input channel has two gain control points, in addition to the rear panel preamp gain switches. The input control point
labeled “Input Trim” is adjusted using the Input Gain tab on the AS16x12 control panel. This control is used to adjust the
sensitivity of each microphone or line level input to the desired gain. The gain adjustment range is +15dB to -63dB plus off.
You may want to increase the mic preamp gain if you find that your input gain settings are routinely above +10dB.
The input control point labeled “Rear Panel” represents the gain adjustments which can be made from the rear panel
programmable inputs. The rear panel gain control is attenuation only, starting at a maximum gain of 0dB. The rear panel
input gain controls may be limited in their adjustment range using the Miscellaneous Settings tab on the AM16/ 12 control
panel. In addition, you may set a rear panel preset gain value that will be applied to any outputs which are being controlled
by a programmable input. The preset gain is applied at power up or when sub-rooms are combined or uncombined (using
the room combining capabilities of the AS16x12). Note that if there are no limits applied to the rear panel gain range, the
input channel may be turned completely off. The current gain value of the rear panel controls is displayed on the
Miscellaneous Settings tab.
Output Gain Tab
The output gain structure is identical to the input gain structure, with the exception that the Output Gain range is +10dB
to -68dB plus off. The output gain is adjusted using the Output Gain tab.
Matrix Setup Tab
Matrix crosspoint gain can be set using the Matrix tab. Input-to-output gains are set based on the re q u i rements of the
application. For example, you can set up a “mix-minus” sound re i n f o rcement system when you are using multiple micro p h o n e s
and overhead distributed speakers. Each speaker (or small group of speakers) would be fed from its own mix of micro p h o n e s .
A given speaker’s mix would consist of all microphones not physically close to the speaker, while excluding those micro p h o n e s
which are close to the speaker. The possibility of feedback is greatly reduced when this approach is repeated with all system
speakers. A multichannel amplifier may be used to power each speaker individually.
Programmable Inputs Tab
Programmable inputs may be set up using the Programmable Inputs tab. Below is a short list of typical applications for each
of the programmable input functions available:
Analog In Control: Used to control the input gain of one or more inputs with a potentiometer or DC voltage source.
Additionally, a toggle switch can be used as a mute switch by shorting the programmable input to ground for mute.
Increase In 1dB, Decrease In 1dB: Used to control the input gain of one or more inputs with momentary switch closures.
Each switch closure will increase or decrease the gain of the associated input(s) by 1dB. If the switch is pushed and held,
it will continue to increment or decrement until the switch is released or the gain reaches its high or low limit.
Analog Out Control: Used to control the output gain of one or more inputs with a potentiometer or DC voltage source.
Additionally, a toggle switch can be used as a mute switch by shorting the programmable input to ground for mute.
Increase Out 1dB, Decrease Out 1dB: Used to control the output gain of one or more inputs with
closures. Each switch closure will increase or decrease the gain of the associated input(s) by 1dB. If the switch is pushed
and held, it will continue to increment or decrement until the switch is released or the gain reaches its high or low limit.
Memory Preset: Used to recall one of the 15 AS16x12 preset memories with a
save the same memory preset associations in all the AS16x12 memory preset positions you’ll be using. You can also assign
a programmable output to reflect the programmable input state of the programmable inputs you’re using for memory preset
recall to drive LEDs for visual feedback of the current memory preset.
Toggle Crosspoint Gain: Used to temporarily apply the signal from any one of the 16 inputs to any combination of outputs
using a
momentary switch closure to toggle the state of the affected crosspoints. Useful for zone paging applications, etc.
momentary switch closure. Remember to
momentary switch
10
Mute In: Used to mute one or more inputs with a switch closure. Subsequent contact closures toggle between mute and
unmute. You can also assign a programmable output to reflect the programmable input state of the programmable inputs
you’re using for input muting to drive LEDs for visual feedback of the mute/unmute state of the inputs.
Mute Out: Used to mute one or more outputs with a switch closure. Subsequent contact closures toggle between mute
and unmute. You can also assign a programmable output to reflect the programmable input state of the programmable inputs
you’re using for output muting to drive LEDs for visual feedback of the mute/unmute state of the outputs.
Toggle Room Boundary: Used when room combining is active to connect the boundaries (using a momentary switch
closure) of two rooms and combine their sound systems. This option is not available in the Programmable Inputs tab, but
is set automatically by the AS16x12 control panel when the room combining function is active.
Not Used: Unassigns a programmable input from any system function.
PROGRAMMABLE OUTPUTS TAB
Programmable outputs may be set up using the Programmable Outputs tab. Below is a short list of typical applications for
the two programmable output functions available:
Input Channel Activity: Used to indicate when one or more channels are active. This function may be used for videofollow-audio applications, where each programmable output indicates activity on one or more channels. The programmable
outputs are connected to logic inputs on a video switcher to switch between cameras.
Programmable Input State: Used to provide user feedback for certain programmable input functions. A programmable
output whose function is Programmable Input State will be active (i.e. conducting to ground) or inactive (i.e. open) as
follows depending on the function of the programmable input with which it is associated:
Function State when LED On State when LED Off
Analog In Attenuation < 15dB Attenuation > 15dB
Increase In 1dB: Contact closure on prog input No contact closure on prog input
Decrease In 1dB: Contact closure on prog input No contact closure on prog input
Analog Out Attenuation < 15dB Attenuation > 15dB
Increase Out 1dB: Contact closure on prog input No contact closure on prog input
Decrease Out 1dB: Contact closure on prog input No contact closure on prog input
Memory Preset: Associated memory is active Associated memory is not active
Toggle Crosspoint Gain: Input-to-output(s) connection made Input - output(s) connection not made
Mute In: Associated input(s) not muted Associated input(s) muted
Mute Out: Associated output(s) not muted Associated output(s) muted
Room Combining Tab
If your application requires room combining, the Room Combining tab description in the AS16x12 Control Panel Software
section provides full setup information.
Miscellaneous Settings Tab
Adjustments or limitations to the front and rear panel gain controls, setup of the input qualification time and output hold
time, or configuration of the Expansion port mix-minus signal may be accomplished in the Miscellaneous Settings tab. When
multiple AS16x12s are used in a system, set the Internal NOM bus link to Expansion In/Out option on all slave AS16x12s
to No Link.
When all tabs are set appropriately for the application, the system is ready to use.
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