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PSA6005
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
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Table of contents
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Aim TTi PSA6005, PSA3605 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

PSA6005 & PSA3605
6GHz & 3.6GHz Spectrum Analyzers
CONTENTS
1 Product Introduction .....................................................................................................6
1.1 Items Supplied ..........................................................................................................6
1.2 Using this Manual - Cross References .....................................................................6
1.3 Product Description and Capabilities ........................................................................6
1.4 Initial Use - Charging the Battery | Switching On ......................................................7
1.4.1 Setting the Date and Time ......................................................................................7
2 Basics of Operation ......................................................................................................8
2.1 External Connections ...............................................................................................8
2.1.1 DC Power Input ......................................................................................................8
2.1.2 RF Signal Input .......................................................................................................8
2.1.3 Demodulated Audio Output .....................................................................................8
2.1.4 USB Host Connector (for USB Flash Memory) .......................................................9
2.1.5 USB Device Connector (for connection to a PC) .....................................................9
2.1.6 Trigger Input/Output ................................................................................................9
2.2 Bench-top and Portable Use.....................................................................................9
2.2.1 Tilt Stand.................................................................................................................9
2.2.2 Screen Protector and Sun Shield ............................................................................9
2.3 Batteries and AC Line Power .................................................................................. 10
2.3.1 Battery Operation ..................................................................................................10
2.3.2 AC Line Operation ................................................................................................10
2.3.3 Power Saving for Battery Operation ......................................................................10
2.4 Display and Controls Layout ................................................................................... 11
2.5 Touch Screen Operati on ........................................................................................ 12
2.5.1 Finger Tip Operation .............................................................................................12
2.5.2 Stylus Operation ...................................................................................................12
2.5.3 Operation using only the H ar d K eys .....................................................................12
2.5.4 Navigator Keys - Mode Selection ..........................................................................12
2.6 Instrument Status Information................................................................................. 12
2.7 On-screen Help ...................................................................................................... 12
3 Quick Start Guide ........................................................................................................ 13
4 Operation using the Menu System ............................................................................ 14
4.1 Setting the Frequency Range of the Sweep ........................................................... 14
4.1.1 Centre ...................................................................................................................15
4.1.2 Span .....................................................................................................................15
4.1.3 Start/Stop ..............................................................................................................16
4.1.4 Step Size ..............................................................................................................16
4.1.5 Frequency Presets ................................................................................................17
4.1.6 Sweep Time ..........................................................................................................17
4.2 Zero Span Mode (Demodulation Mode) ................................................................. 17
4.2.1 Audio Demodulation Sub Men u ............................................................................17
4.2.2 Waveform Demodulation Sub Me nu (when fitted) .................................................18
4.3 Setting the Sweep Mode, Bandwidth (RBW / VBW) & Detector ............................. 19
4.3.1 RBW / VBW ..........................................................................................................19
4.3.2 Sweep Time (and the Sweep Progres s Indicator Line) .........................................19
4.3.3 Sweep Control ......................................................................................................20
4.3.4 Scan Mode (when fitted) .......................................................................................20
4.3.5 Sweep Mode .........................................................................................................21
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4.3.6
Detector Type .......................................................................................................21
4.4 Setting the Level Attenuator, Amplitude Scale, and Limits ..................................... 22
4.4.1 Measurement Units and Graticule .........................................................................22
4.4.2 Reference Level ....................................................................................................22
4.4.3 Vertical Scaling .....................................................................................................23
4.4.4 Amplitude Offset and Compensation Tables (when fitted) ....................................23
4.4.5 Amplitude Limits ( when fitted) ...............................................................................24
4.4.6 Overload Indication ...............................................................................................24
4.5 Controlling and Storing Traces and Images ........................................................... 25
4.5.1 Displaying Traces; Controlling the View Trace ......................................................25
4.5.2 Sweep Progress Indicator Line .............................................................................26
4.5.3 Setting the Trace W rit ing Mode .............................................................................26
4.5.4 Storing and Recalling Trac es and Screen Images ................................................27
4.6 Using Measurement Markers.................................................................................. 28
4.6.1 Setting-up Markers................................................................................................28
4.6.2 Controlling Markers ...............................................................................................29
4.7 Instrument Setups and Additional Functions .......................................................... 31
4.7.1 The Data Logging Function (when fitted) ..............................................................31
4.7.2 Automatic Measurements (when fitted) .................................................................31
4.7.3 Frequency Counter Options ..................................................................................32
4.8 Storing and Recalling Set-ups | System Settings ................................................... 33
4.8.1 Storing and Recalling Instrument Setups ..............................................................33
4.8.2 System Settings, Screen B r ightness, Filing System and USB Operations ............33
4.9 Status Information | On-screen Help | System Utilities ........................................... 34
4.9.1 Status Display .......................................................................................................34
4.9.2 Help Screens ........................................................................................................34
4.9.3 System Utilities .....................................................................................................34
4.10 Using Instrument Presets | Automatic Setting ..................................................... 36
4.10.1 The User Preset ....................................................................................................36
4.10.2 Custom Presets (when fit ted) ................................................................................36
5 File Storage for Traces, Screen Images & Set-ups .................................................. 37
5.1 Storing Traces or Screens ...................................................................................... 37
5.2 Recalling Traces and Images ................................................................................. 38
5.2.1 Traces and States .................................................................................................38
5.3 Storing Instrument Set-up Files .............................................................................. 39
5.4 File Recall Screen .................................................................................................. 39
5.5 File Utilities Screen ................................................................................................. 40
5.6 File Operations Screen ........................................................................................... 40
5.6.1 Editing File Names ................................................................................................41
5.6.2 File Names Created or Renamed Externally .........................................................42
6 Upgrade Option U02 ................................................................................................... 43
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6.1 Additional Functions from Option U02 .................................................................... 43
6.1.1 Scan Mode ............................................................................................................43
6.1.2 Logging of Values, Traces or S c reens ..................................................................43
6.1.3 Automatic Measurements .....................................................................................43
6.1.4 Modulation Waveform Display ..............................................................................43
6.1.5 Triggering ..............................................................................................................43
6.1.6 Limit Lines, Limit Pat terns & Channel Markers......................................................43
6.1.7 Level Offsets .........................................................................................................43
6.1.8 Compensation Tables ...........................................................................................44
6.1.9 Custom Presets ....................................................................................................44
6.1.10 View on PC ...........................................................................................................44
6.1.11 PSA-Manager Software ........................................................................................44
7 Further Notes on Operation ....................................................................................... 45
7.1 Signal Overload Levels and Indication ................................................................... 45
7.1.1 ADC Overload .......................................................................................................45
7.2 Operation using the Hard Keys Only ...................................................................... 45
7.3 Setting Frequencies ................................................................................................ 45
7.3.1 Set by Keypad ......................................................................................................46
7.3.2 Set by Tab/Jog ......................................................................................................46
7.3.3 Shortcuts to setting a Specific Frequency Span ....................................................46
7.3.4 Repetitive Operations ...........................................................................................47
7.3.5 Using Custom Presets (when fitted) ......................................................................47
7.3.6 Creating Channel Mark er s (when fitted) ................................................................47
7.4 Measuring Relative Amplitude ................................................................................ 48
7.5 Sweep Modes & Signal Image Rejection ................................................................ 48
7.5.1 Default Sweep Mode – Normal (Auto) ...................................................................48
7.5.2 Advanced Options.................................................................................................48
7.5.3 Revealing the Image .............................................................................................50
7.5.4 Sweep Times ........................................................................................................50
7.6 Radiated and Injected Signals ................................................................................ 51
7.6.1 Self-radiated Signals .............................................................................................51
7.6.2 External Signal Injec tion .......................................................................................51
7.7 Detector Types ....................................................................................................... 51
7.8 Triggered Operation ............................................................................................... 52
7.8.1 External Trigger Input ...........................................................................................52
7.8.2 Trigger Output .......................................................................................................52
7.9 Level Offset and Compensation Tables .................................................................. 52
7.9.1 Dynamic Range and Maxim um Signal ..................................................................52
7.9.2 Creating and using Compensation Tables ............................................................52
7.10 Limit Lines & the Limits Comparator | Creating Limit Patterns ............................ 53
7.10.1 Setting Limits ........................................................................................................53
7.10.2 The Limit Comparator ...........................................................................................53
7.10.3 Creating and Loading Limit Patterns .....................................................................54
7.10.4 Limit Offset ............................................................................................................54
7.10.5 Limit Fix/Unfix .......................................................................................................54
7.10.6 Creating and Loading Channel Markers ................................................................54
7.11 The Logging Function .......................................................................................... 55
7.11.1 The Logging Control Menu ...................................................................................55
7.11.2 Manual Logging ....................................................................................................56
7.11.3 Logging from the Tim er .........................................................................................56
7.11.4 Logging from External Tr igger ...............................................................................56
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7.11.5
7.11.6 Logging Every Sweep (Continuous) ......................................................................56
7.11.7 File Sizes and Maximum Loggi ng Times ...............................................................56
7.11.8 Viewing and Analyzing Logging Files ....................................................................57
Logging from Amplitude Limits ..............................................................................56
7.12 Using Automatic Measurements.......................................................................... 57
7.12.1 Channel Power (CP) .............................................................................................57
7.12.2 Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (A C P R) ................................................................58
7.12.3 Occupied Bandwidth (OBW) .................................................................................58
8 Scan Mode ................................................................................................................... 59
8.1 Scan Mode Explanation .......................................................................................... 59
8.1.1 Limitation of Norm al S weep Mode ........................................................................59
8.1.2 Benefits of Scan Mode ..........................................................................................59
8.1.3 Displaying Scan Mode Files ..................................................................................59
8.1.4 Saving, Recalling and Exporting Scan Mode Files ................................................60
8.2 Scan Mode Operation ............................................................................................. 60
8.2.1 Setting up the Analyzer .........................................................................................60
8.2.2 Entering Scan Mode .............................................................................................60
8.2.3 Using Scan Mode..................................................................................................60
8.2.4 Scan files and PSA-Manager ................................................................................63
9 USB Connections | File System & Files Types ......................................................... 64
9.1.1 Understanding USB Connect ions .........................................................................64
9.1.2 Using an External Flash Drive ...............................................................................64
9.1.3 Linking to a PC via USB ........................................................................................65
9.2 File System and File Types .................................................................................... 65
9.2.1 Internal Filing System Organisation ......................................................................65
9.2.2 File Types .............................................................................................................65
9.2.3 Trace Files ............................................................................................................66
9.2.4 Screen Image Files ...............................................................................................66
9.2.5 Setup Files ............................................................................................................66
9.2.6 Other File Types ...................................................................................................66
10 Default Settings | Power On State | Hard Reset .................................................... 68
10.1 Restoring to Factory Defaults .............................................................................. 68
10.2 Standard Preset .................................................................................................. 68
10.3 Unrecoverable Fault Condition - Hard Reset ....................................................... 68
10.4 Power-On State ................................................................................................... 69
11 Firmware Updates | Upgrades | Maintenance ........................................................ 70
11.1 Updating the Firmware ........................................................................................ 70
11.2 Upgrading the Firmware (Option U02) ................................................................ 70
11.3 Maintenance, Re-calibration & Cleaning ............................................................. 70
11.4 Battery Replacement ........................................................................................... 70
12 Safety Information ................................................................................................... 71
13 Specification ............................................................................................................ 72
Page 4
13.1.1
13.1.2 Amplitude Measurement (Level) ...........................................................................73
13.1.3 Sweep and Traces ................................................................................................74
13.1.4 Scan Mode (only with Option U02) .......................................................................74
13.1.5 Memory Storage and Data Logging ......................................................................75
13.1.6 Connectors and Displa y ........................................................................................75
13.1.7 Power Requirements ............................................................................................76
13.1.8 Mechanical, Environmental and Safety .................................................................76
Frequency Measurement ......................................................................................72
14 Appendix A: Optional Accessories ....................................................................... 77
15 Appendix B: PSA-Manager and PSA-View Software ........................................... 77
16 Appendix C: Factory Default Settings ................................................................... 79
17 Appendix D: Menu Tree Diagram ........................................................................... 80
Page 5

1 Product Introduction

1.1 Items Supplied

Portable Spectrum Analyzer (PSA3605 or PSA6005) wi t h removable stylus and detachable
bench-stand/screen-protector.
Spare stylus duplicates the stylus fitted into the ins trument. USB lead Mini B plug to standard A plug. Trigger input converter plug 3.5mm jack to BNC socket. AC line power-supply/charger Uni v er sal voltage with interch angeable country specific plugs. Short Guide (English, French, German, Italian and S panish). Full instruction manual ( E ngli s h only). Support CD Containing hyper-linked PDF versions of the printed manuals, plus support files.

1.2 Using this Manual - Cross References

This manual covers both t he PSA6005 and PSA3605 spectrum analyzers. Within t he text they may be referred to jointly as PS Axx05 or PSA Series 5. The manual is also provided as a P DF file on the accompanying CD. The manual includes many cross r eferences which are shown as follows - see section X.X. The Table of Contents is also fully hyperlinked.
Within a PDF file, the shaded number is a hyperlink to that s ec tion number which enables the user to jump rapidly to the sect i on r eferred to and then jump back to continue reading the original section. (N.B. for hyperlink navigation within Acrobat Reader, enable “show all page navigation tools” or use the keyboard shortcuts Alt+Right_Arrow and Alt+Left_Arrow).

1.3 Product Description and Capabilities

The PSA6005 and PSA3605 ar e fully portable RF spectrum analyzers that incorporate a high resolution colour TFT touch screen. They are sufficiently small and lightweight to be operated as true handheld instruments and have a battery life of more than 3 hours from each charge.
As bench instruments they can be powered by the supplied ac -line adaptor/charger. They can be set horizontally or vertically, or at an angle of about 40 degr ees using the built-in tilt stand. For field use, the stand can be moved to the top of the instrument to form a screen protector and sun shield.
The frequency range is 10MHz to 6000MHz (PSA6005) or 10MHz t o 3600MHz (PSA3605). The span can be set between 0.0270 MHz and 5990.000 MHz or 3590.000 MHz respectively with a setting resolution of 100Hz. Start, stop or centre frequenc ies can be set to the sam e r esolution. The resolution bandwidth (RBW) is selectable between 300Hz and 10MHz in a 1:3:10 sequence or can be set to Auto. Video bandwidth (VBW) is similarly settable between 300Hz and 10MHz or RBW tracking.
The on-screen amplitude r ange is approximately 84 dB with a reference level variable between
-40dBm and +20dBm. Amplitudes can alternative ly b e di s played in dBµV. Vertical magnification down to 1dB/div can be selected. Average noi s e floor is typically bett er than
-120dBm at -40dBm reference level and 10 kHz RBW/VBW. Sweeps can be repeating or single s hot, and the trace can be normal (over-write), peak hold or
average (2 to 48 sweeps). A zero span mode is available with AM or FM waveform demodulation with variable timebase. Audio demodulation is provided vi a a built-in speaker.
Multiple detector modes include Positive Peak (default), Negative Peak, Alternate Peak, Lin or Log Average, RMS, and Sample.
Twin vertical marker lines are available giving a readout of frequency and amplitude together with difference values. Mark er s can be manually positioned or automatically peak finding or tracking. A frequency counter c an be used at the marker position with resolution down to 10Hz.
Page 6
A reference trace and a view trac e can be displayed in addition to the live trace. Up to 999 traces can be stored to permanent memory for recall to the s c r een or for data export. 999 instrument set-ups and 999 complete screen bitmaps can also be stored. All files can be given user defined names.
USB interfaces are provided for direct file transfer t o a P C or for connection of a USB Flash drive.
Extensive convenience features f or repetitive operation include aut o-set, frequency presets, and storage of the instrument state together with the trace file for simultaneous or independent recall.
Pressing the Status/Help hard key brings up a full status screen and access to help sc r eens relevant to the current menu position.
An optional upgrade package ( retro installable) prov ides additional featur es i nc luding high resolution data capture (scan mode), data logging, sweep triggering, limit patterns, compensation tables, automatic measurements, and more - see section 6.
More details of the product capabilities are given in the S pec i fications - section 15.

1.4 Initial Use - Charging the Battery | Switchi ng O n

As supplied, the internal battery is likely to be part ly or fully discharged. At fir s t us e, the instrument should therefore be plugged into the char ger until the lamp next to the c harge socket stops flashing, which could take up to three hours - see s ec tion 2.1.1. The instrum ent can still be used during this period.
The instrument is turned on or off by pressing the small round key marked Power for about one second. When turning on, t he screen backlight will flas h briefly and a short beep will sound to indicate that the key press has been recognised, ther e i s then a short delay prior to operation starting.
If the battery is too far dischar ged to allow operation, the instrument will turn off again and a second short beep will be sounded.
1.4.1 Setting the Date and Time
The instrument contai ns a r eal -time clock that is used for time stamping of files. As supplied the date and/or time may be incorr ect.
Date and time can be checked from page 4 of the Status screens, or can be checked and altered from Setup/Functions > System/File Ops > S yst em Utilities > Power/Clock.
Note that the date format is DD -MM-YY and the time format is 24 hour .
Page 7

2 Basics of Operation

2.1 External Connections

2.1.1 DC Power Input
DC power to operate and/or r ec harge the instrument is connected via a 1.3mm power socket mounted on the right hand side of the instrument.
Use ONLY the power-supply/charger provided by Aim-TTi with the unit. Use of any other power source will void the warranty.
The red lamp next to the socket flashes whilst charging is taking place and becom es continuous once charging is complete.
2.1.2 RF Signal Input
The signal to be measured is connected via a standard N connector mounted at the top of the instrument. The input impedance is 50 Ohms. The maximum useable signal input is + 20dB m or +127 dBuV. The absolute maximum signal input level is +25dBm or +132dBuV of RF power (approximately 4 volts RMS), or 50V DC.
Applying a signal above this level could damage the unit and s uc h damage would not be covered by the product warranty.
2.1.3 Demodulated Audio Output
Demodulated audio (when in Z er o Span Mode) is available via the built-in speaker, with the volume level adjustable from within the application. The signal is also provided via a 3. 5mm stereo jack socket m ounted at the top of the instrument. Maximum power output is 30 milliwatts into 32 Ohms.
The signal is mono but connection can be made using either a mono or stereo plug. In the latter case the signal will be pres ent on both channels. Connecting the jack plug automatically disconnects the internal speaker.
Page 8
2.1.4 USB Host Connector (for USB Flash Memory)
A standard USB type A connector is pr ovided on the left hand side of the instrument which is revealed by moving the sliding cov er towards the top of the instrum ent. This is intended exclusively for the connection of a USB Flash m em ory stick. See section 9.1.2 for full information.
2.1.5 USB Device Connector (for connection to a PC)
A USB type mini-B connector is pr ov i ded on the left hand side of the instrument which is revealed by moving the sliding cover towards the base of the instrument. This is intended exclusively for connection to a personal computer. S ee section 9.1.3 for full information.
2.1.6 Trigger Input/Output
A 3.5mm mono jack socket is mounted at the top of the instrument for trigger signals. This has no function unless option U02 is fitted - see section 6.1.5. An adaptor is provided that converts from the jack s oc k et to a standard BNC connector.

2.2 Bench-top and Portable Use

The instrument is int ended for both hand-held and bench-top applications. It has rubber feet for horizontal or vertical use, or can be angled using the tilt stand.
2.2.1 Tilt Stand
The instrument is s upplied with the tilt stand folded away and magnetically l atched at the bottom of the instrument. It can be hinged outwards to tilt the unit at an angle of about 40 degrees.
2.2.2 Screen Protector and Sun Shield
To protect the screen when in trans it, the tilt stand can be detached from the bott om of the instrument and re-attached on the top to act as a screen protector.
The stand is removed by f lexin g i t outwards at the hinged end until t he lugs disengage from t he sockets.
For outdoors use, the sc r een protector can be hinged up wards to form a sun shield which improves the screen visibil ity in direct sunlight.
When not required, it can be detached and stowed away on the back of the instrument where it functions as a tilt stand .
Page 9

2.3 Batteries and AC Line Power

2.3.1 Battery Operation
The instruments operates from an internal Lithium-ion rechargeable battery which can provide more than 3 hours of continuous operation (screen brightness dependent).
The battery condition is indicated on the display via a multi-segment battery symbol. When it changes colour to yellow, e xpect ed battery life has f all en below 30 minutes. When it turns red, expected battery life has fallen below 10 minutes, and the analyzer should be rechar ged.
The approximate battery life remaining is also displayed in hours and minutes within the Status information screens.
The battery is charged from the supplied 5V/2A charger which can recharge a fully discharged battery in under 3 hours.
When the battery is being charged, the red lamp next to the charging socket flashes. When charging is complete, flashing ceases but the lamp remai ns ill uminated while the charger is connected.
It is also possible to slow charge the instrument fr om the USB port of a personal comput er provided that the instrument is turned off. Charge time may be up to 10 hours. Connection to the PC must be made from the m i ni US B “device” port of the instrument using the supplied cable. It is not possible to oper ate the instrument fr om U S B power.
2.3.2 AC Line Operation
For bench-top operation, the instrument can be operated continuously from the suppli ed ac-line operated charger. The internal power management circuitry ensures that the battery cannot be overcharged.
2.3.3 Power Saving for Battery Operation
The battery life of the ins trument is affected by the screen brightness which can be adjusted over a wide range (see sect ion 4.8.2). Setting the brightn es s to maximum, for example, will reduce battery life by up to 1 hour relative to the normal setting (40%).
To conserve the battery the instrument should be turned off when not in use. In addition, Auto­Off mode can be selected whereby the unit turns off automatically after a defined per iod from the last key press. The period can be set between 5 and 60 minutes - see section 4.9.3.2. Auto-Off is automatically disabled when external po wer is c onnected, and when data-logging is enabled. All data is retaine d when the instrument is off .
A short beep is sounded when the inst r ument turns off.
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2.4 Display and Controls Layout

Fig. 1
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2.5 Touch Screen Operation

The normal mode of operation of the spectrum analyzer is by using the touch-screen keys within the display supplemented, when required, by t he har d keys below.
The touch screen keys are normally operated by pressing with the finger or thumb, but c an alternatively be operated using the supplied stylus .
2.5.1 Finger Tip Operation
The touch screen is a resistive single-touch type (rather than the capacitive multi-touch type used on many smart phones).
It can be operated by pressing the key area firmly with the soft part of the finger or thumb. However, for greater positional accuracy it can also be operated by pressing gently with the finger nail.
When a key is depressed, its colour changes from blue to purple. The key action is performed when the key is released.
2.5.2 Stylus Operation
Some users may prefer to use a stylus to operate the touch sc reen. The supplied stylus has a soft point. Sharply pointed objects should never be used to oper ate the screen as they could cause damage.
The stylus should be replaced into its mounting slot at the base of the instrument to prevent i t being mislaid. The st ylus des ign is compatible with those used with the Nintendo DS handheld games console, and spares are widely available.
2.5.3 Operation using only the Hard Keys
It is also possible to use the spectrum analyzer without touching the screen at all, by us i ng the five “navigator” hard keys t o operate each of the touch scr een functions. See section 7.2 for a full explanation of this mode of operation.
2.5.4 Navigator Keys - Mode Selection
The five hard keys that mak e up the Navigator have two alternative modes of operation which are selected by the small illuminated keys on either side.
The modes are: Control Markers (default) - see section 4.6.2.1, and Navigate Screen - see section 7.2.
Whenever the navigator mode is changed, an information box appears explaining the current action of the navigator keys. If preferred this can be turned of f - see section 4.9.3.3.

2.6 Instrument Status Information

The most important elements of the instrument status ar e di s played at the top of the screen (see Fig. 1 in section 2.4). Further status informat ion relevant to the current menu function is shown directly above th e k ey area.
In addition, the full status of the instrument can be displayed at any time by pressing the hard key marked Status/Help - see section 4.9.1.

2.7 On-screen Help

The instrument incorpor ates extensive help information to assist the user. Help is ac c essed by pressing the hard key marked S tatus/Help - see secti on 4.9.2.
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3 Quick Start Guide

It is recommended that all users, including those fully familiar with RF spectrum analyzers, take a little time to read through t his instruction manual before using the instrument. However, for users who wish to get started with hands-on operation as quickly as possible, the following may prove useful.
1. Press and hold the Power key unt il a s hort beep is heard. Wait a few seconds and then check the battery condition indicator on the display. If it shows less than ¼ full the instrument should be connected to its charger.
2. Connect the signal to be meas ur ed to the N-type connector at t he top of the instrument. The maximum allowable signal without damage is +25dBm (+132dBuV or 4V rms). The maximum measurable signal is +2 0dBm (+ 127dBuV or 2.23mV rms ). If t her e is a possibility of the signal exceeding these levels, add suitable in-line attenuation.
3. Ensure that the Navigator k eys are set to Control Markers (key illuminated green). If not press the round key marked Control Markers. This also selects touch-screen key control.
4. Press the hard key marked P resets (Auto-Set) . Select Auto Set and press Execute. The instrument will perf orm a full span sweep (10MHz to 3590/ 5990MHz) at maximum
reference level (+20dBm) and find the highest level within the sweep. It will then perform a number of further sweeps at narrower spans and, where appropriate, lower reference levels.
During this time a red background message of Status: S CA N NING with be displayed. When finished the message will become Status: COMPLETE.
When Auto Set has complet ed, the analyzer should be set with a fairly narrow span (typically 10MHz) centred on the signal with the M1 marker at the centre frequency and in Peak-find mode (indicated by an upwards ar row prior to the M1 readout). RBW will be set to Auto and VBW to Track.
5. Press Exit to return to the m ai n menu. The M2 marker can be turned on from the hard key marked Control Mar kers. Markers are
moved using the Navigator har d k eys – Left/Right moves the markers, Up sets peak-find mode where the selected marker jumps to peaks within the trac e, Down sets scroll mode where the marker moves across the screen in one pixel steps (1/270 under control is selected by the centre key (M1/M2) and indicated by an arrow before the marker readout.
From the main menu adjustm ents can be made to centre frequenc y a nd span (or start and stop), sweep mode, detector type, RBW and VBW, refer enc e level, displayed traces and markers.
The menu system is hierarchical with each top-line ke y selec ting a set of five second-line sub-menu keys. Each of these pr ovi des access to a set of keys on the bottom line that perform the actual functions.
Context sensitive help f or each sub-menu group can be accessed by pressing the hard key marked “Status (Help)” followed, if not already sel ec ted, by Context Help. This provides sufficient inform ation to understand the principle s of operation.
th
of the span). The marker currently
Page 13

4 Operation using the Menu System

Freq/ Span
Sweep/
BW
Level/ Limits
Traces/
Markers
Setup/
Functions
Centre
Span
Start/
Stop
Step Size
Freq
Presets
Freq/ Span
The default menu system for the spectrum analyzer consists of three rows of five keys. The upper row represents the t op lev el of the menu system and defines five “menu groups” as follows:
enables the frequency range of sweep to be set in terms of start and stop frequencies or centre frequency plus span, as well as zero span demodulation.
enables control of the sweep and bandwidth filtering for the sweep. Controls are provided for RBW and VBW settings , sweep mode, sweep time, sweep control and detector type selection. When option U02 is fitted, it also controls sweep triggering.
enables the reference level to be changed, the amplitude units to be changed, and the vertical scaling to be altered. When option U02 is fitted, it also enables the setup and control of limit lines and patterns, and the application of external offsets
and compensation tables.
provides control of the dis play traces including t r ace processing modes, alon g with the storage function f or both traces and screen images . Also provides setup and control of the measurement markers.
provides access to the stor age of instrument setups and access to system utilities and setting of the frequency counter gate time. When option U02 is fitted, it al s o provides access to automatic logging functions.
Each group has up to five “sub-groups” which appear on the middle row of keys. The current ly selected group and sub-group is s hown by the relevant key being dark blue.
The bottom row of keys represent the “functions” that c an be performed for each of the many sub-groups. These keys may perform an immediate action, or bring up a pop-up menu, or create a special control sc reen for numeric entry or file operations.
See Appendix D,section 19, for a graphical summary of the menu tree.

4.1 Setting the Frequency Range of the Sweep

This menu group controls t he frequency range for the curr ent sweep of the spectrum analy zer.
The range can be set in terms of eit her a centre frequency plus a span width, or in terms of a start frequency and a stop frequency.
Pressing Centre or Span will cause the frequency range to be dis played at the top of the screen in terms of a centre frequenc y and a span. Pressing Start/S top will cause it to be displayed in terms of a start frequency and a st op frequency.
The lowest start frequenc y is 10MHz. The highest stop frequency is 6000MHz or 3600MHz. The minimum span width is 0. 027MHz which results in minimum and maximum centre frequencies of 10.0135MHz and 5999.9865MHz or 3599.9865MHz respectively.
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Centre
Set
Centre
Set
C=M1
Set
C=Pk
Step
Down
Step
Up
Span
Set
Span
Set to
Mdelta
Zoom
Out
Zoom
In
Zero
Span
4.1.1 Centre
controls the centre f requency for the sweep. Also sets t he annotation to Centre/Span if it was previously Start/Stop. Creates a set of bottom-row function keys as follows:
enables the centre fr equency to be set to a specific value. T he menu keys are replaced by a numeric keyboard from which a centre frequency can be entered in MHz to a resolution of 0.0001 (100Hz).
Press OK to activate the new frequency without leaving the screen or O K & Exit to return to the Centre menu. Once a new frequency has been set from this screen, the Previous key can be used to return to the previous fr equency and then toggle between the two.
Pressing Set by Tab/Jog selects an alter native setting screen in which frequencies are set by “jogging” each digit up or down. Note that whichever method of setting frequency is used becomes the default whenever Set Cent re is pressed. See section 7.3 for an illus trated description of frequency setting.
sets the centre frequency to the frequency value of the M1 m ar k er (when active).
sets the centre frequency to the frequency value of the highest amplitude point in the current sweep.
changes the centre frequency by the value of the step size
- see section 4.1.4.
4.1.2 Span
controls the span for t he sweep. Also sets the annotation to Centre/Span if it was previously Start/St op. Creates a set of bottom-row funct i on k eys as follows:
enables the span to be set to a spec ific value. The method for sett ing the s pan is similar to that for setting the Centre frequency - see section 7.3 for an illus trated description of frequency setting.
sets the span equal to the f r equency difference between the M1 and M2 markers (if active).
changes the sweep mode of the spectrum analyser and opens the Zero Span sub menu - see section 4.2.
sets the span to a higher or lower value in a 1-2-5 sequence starting from the existing span value. (Example: if the existing span is 1.7MHz, the first press of Zoom Out will take it to 2MHz and the next press to 5MHz).
Page 15
4.1.3 Start/Stop
Start Stop
Set
Start
Set
Stop
Start=M1 Stop=M2
-more­1 of 2
Fix
Start
Fix
Stop
Step
Down
Step
Up
-more­2 of 2
Step Size
Auto
Span/10
Set to
Mdelta
Set to
Centre
Set to
M1
Set
Step
Undo
controls the start and stop frequencies for the sweep. Als o s ets the annotation to Start/Stop if it was previ ously Centre/Span. Creates a set of bottom-row function keys as follows:
enables the start or stop frequency to be set to a specif i c value. The method for setting these is s imilar to that for setting the Centre frequency
- see section 7.3 for an illustrated description of frequency setting.
sets the start frequency to the frequency of the M1 mark er and the stop frequency to the frequency of the M2 m arker. M1 and M2 must both be active and M2 must be at a higher frequency than M1.
reverts to the start and stop frequencies that existed directly before the Start=M1/Stop=M2 key was pressed.
opens a second set of actions keys: Fix Start/Fix Stop and St ep Down/Step Up.
changes the action of the Step Up/Down keys so that only the stop frequency or start fr equenc y respectively is changed by t he s tep value.
The fixed start or stop freque nc y is pr eceded by the word Fix. Pressing the key again, or leaving this function-set (by pressing -more- 2 of 2 or any group or sub-group key) will cancel the fixed s tart or stop frequency.
changes the start and/or stop frequencies by the value of the step size
(see next section). The action of the Fix Start/Fix Stop keys determines
whether both are stepped or only one is stepped. Note that, if the start or stop f requency is “fixed” and the step size is s et to Auto, the step size
will change on each press of step up/down so that it is always equal t o one graticule division.
returns to the alternativ e s et of action keys for Start-Stop. Cancels the fixed start or stop frequency if set.
4.1.4 Step Size
sets the size of frequency stepping using the Step Up/Down keys. When relevant, the current step size is displayed within a green box above the keys. Creates a set of bottom-row function keys as follows:
enables the step size to be set to a specific value. The met hod for setting the step size is similar to that for setting the Centre frequency - s ee s ection 7.1 for an illustrated description of frequency setting.
causes the step size to be automatically linked to the width of the span. Thus Step/Up down will cause t he c entre frequency to change in st eps of one graticule division. Auto step size is i ndic ated by the word Auto above the step size value.
sets the step size equal t o the frequency difference between the M1 and M2 markers (if active).
sets the step size equal t o ei ther the centre frequency or t o the frequency
of the M1 marker (if active). This can be useful for observing the
harmonics of a fundamental frequency.
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4.1.5 Frequency Presets
Freq
Presets
Full
Span
Recall Preset
Toggle
Last
Audio
Demod
Wavefm
Demod
Store
Preset
Exit
Z-Span
Demod
Type
Depth/
Dev.
enables up to six frequency ranges to be quickly stored and recalled. Only the centre and span (or equivalent start and stop frequencies) are stored. This differs from a Trace State or Set-up file for which more parameter s are stored (see sections
9.2.3 or 9.2.5 respectively). Frequency preset s ar e retained when the instrument is off. Creates a set of bottom-ro w func tion keys as follows:
sets the sweep to the full range of the instrument (10MHz to 3.6GHz or 6.0GHz).
brings up a menu of six preset numbers (1 to 6) into which the current value of the sweep frequency range can be stored. Existing values are o ver -written.
brings up a menu of six preset numbers (1 to 6) which recall previously stored frequency ranges. Empty positions are ignored.
switches between the curr ent sweep frequency range and t he las t range to be recalled from a preset (or from Full Span).
4.1.6 Sweep Time
The normal sweep time and update rate is automatical ly set from the Span and the RBW and is displayed within the lo wer annotation area. Narrower RBW settings create longer sweep times. For each RBW, the normal sweep time is broadly proportional to the frequency span. The sweep time can be manually reduced at the expense of amplitude accuracy. See section 4.3.2.

4.2 Zero Span Mode (Demodulation Mode)

Zero span is a special case of frequency range setting. It is set from the Span sub-menu - see section 4.1.2. Pressing Zero Span removes the normal sweep displa y and enables audio and waveform demodulation of AM and FM signals.
Pressing Zero Span brings up an alternative set of function keys as follows:
creates sub-menu from which audio demodulation of AM and FM signals can be controlled. See section 4.2.1.
only available if opti on U02 is i ns talled. Creates a sub-menu from which the modulation waveform can be displayed and controlled. See s ec tion 4.2.2.
exits zero span mode and retur ns to a normal swept trace and the normal Span sub­menu key functions.
4.2.1 Audio Demodulation Sub Menu
The demodulated audio is routed to a built-in loudspeaker . Alternatively, the audio can be outputted via a 3.5mm jack soc k et - see section 2.1.3.
selects the type of demodulation as AM or FM. Note that this select ion is al s o applied to Waveform Demodulation.
enables the AM depth or FM deviat ion to be adjusted using Up/Down keys. The range is 1.25%/div to 25%/div equivalent to +/-5% to +/-100% full scale (AM) or
0.25kHz/div to 250kHz/div equivalent to +/-1kHz to + /-1MHz full scale (FM).
Note that this selection is also applied to Waveform Demodulation
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controls the volume i n 15 steps as shown on a bar graph. The audio can also be
Audio
Volume.
Display
Type
Depth/
Dev.
Time/
Div.
Trigger
muted and a hiss reducing filter applied.
Note that the RBW needs to be set appropriately for the m odulation. As a broad guide the RBW should be set greater than the channel bandwidth. Ho wever, setting an excessively wi de RBW will introduce unneces sary noise.
4.2.2 Waveform Demodulation Sub Menu (when fitted)
When option U02 is installed, the waveform of the modulat ion c an be displayed for AM or FM signals. Alternatively the carrier level can be displayed against time. If option U02 is not installed, only the carrier level is displayed.
selects the display to be either the modulation ( A M or FM) or the carrier. The carrier display can be either the carrier le vel regularly sampled, or the carrier waveform against a timebase.
Note that the selection of AM or FM is also applied to Audio Demodulation.
enables the AM depth or FM deviation to be adjusted using Up/Down keys. The range is 1.25%/div to 25%/div equivalent to +/-5% to +/-100% full scale (AM) or
0.25kHz/div to 250kHz/div equivalent to +/-1kHz to + /-1MHz full scale (FM).
Note that this selection is also applied to Audio Dem odulation
sets the display timebas e within the range 5us/div to 20ms/div using Up/Down keys. The timebase is used for A M, FM and Carrier Waveform display ty pes .
the modulation wavefor m can be triggered to create a stable dis play for a tone or other repetitive wavef or m. The trigger level is shown by a blue line on the screen that can be shifted up or down. When the mode is set to Auto, the waveform will
trigger at that level on the ris i ng or falling edge. In Free Run mode the trigger is ignored. Note that the RBW needs to be set appropriately for the m odulation. As a broad guide the
RBW should be set greater than the channel bandwidth in order t o avoid waveform clipping.
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4.3 Setting the Sweep Mode , Bandwidth (RBW / VBW) & Detector

RBW/
VBW
Sweep
Time
Sweep
Control
Sweep
Mode
Detector
Type
Sweep/
BW
RBW/
VBW
RBW
Auto
RBW
Set
Sweep
Time
VBW
Track
Auto
(Norm)
Track
Offset
Set
VBW
This menu group control s the sweep, the resolution bandwidth filters and the detector mode.
This enables the resolution bandwidth of the sweep fil ter and the subsequent video f il tering to be controlled along with sweep time (normal or fast) and the type of sweep (repeat or single) . It also provides control of the detector, and options for changing the image rejection method (sweep mode). If option U02 is fitted, sweep triggering can also be controlled.
4.3.1 RBW / VBW
controls the resolution bandwidth of the sweep filt er prior to the detector (RBW) and of the filter that fol lows the detector (VBW). A narrower RBW provides greater
frequency resolution and l ower noise, but increases the sweep time. A narrower VBW similarly reduces noise but increases sweep tim e Creates a set of bottom-row function keys as follows:
causes the RBW to be automat ic all y changed to suit the frequency span. The RBW
value is displayed at the top of the screen and is preceded by the word Auto.
cancels Auto mode and creates a pop-up menu from which a specific RBW value
can be selected. The range is 300Hz to 10MHz in a 1:3:10 sequence. The selected
value is displayed at the top of the screen.
causes the VBW to be automatically changed to track the RBW value subject to the
VBW offset. The VBW value is displayed at t he top of the screen and is preceded
by the word Trk.
cancels Track mode and creates a pop-up menu from which a specific VBW value
can be selected. The range is 300Hz to 10MHz in a 1:3:10 sequence. The selected
value is displayed at the top of the screen.
sets the relationship bet ween V BW and RBW for VBW Track mode. Positive
numbers set a VBW one or more steps higher while negative numbers set i t one or
more steps lower. The default is zero
4.3.2 Sweep Time (and the Sweep Progress Indicator Line)
The normal sweep time and update rate is automatically set from the Span and t he RBW and is displayed within the lower annotation area. Narrower RBW settings create longer sweep times. For each RBW, the normal sweep time is broadly proportional to the frequency span. The sweep time can be manually reduced at the expense of amplitude accuracy.
enables the sweep to be speede d up at the expense of level accuracy. Creates a
set of bottom-row function keys as follows:
selects the normal sweep t ime and ensures the highest degree of level accuracy.
The sweep time is dependent upon the span and the RBW/VBW settings and is
displayed in seconds within the lower annotation area followed by [N].
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enables the sweep time to be reduced in order to speed up the response
Manual
Down
Manual
Up
Sweep
Repeat
Single
Sweep
Trigger
Single
ReArm
Stopped
(Run)
Running
(Stop)
Stopped
(Single)
Scan
Mode
to changing events. Three levels of speed up are available indiciated by
[F1], [F2], [F3] replacing the [N] after the sweep tim e di s play. To warn the user of reduced level measurement accuracy, a yellow bac k gr ound is applied. The maximum levels of sweep time reduction are 2, 5 or 10 but the actual reductions are dependent upon span and RBW/VBW settings – see section 7.5.4.
For sweep times longer than about 1 second, a yellow indicator l ine below the graticule indicates the progress of the sweep – see section 4.5.2.
4.3.3 Sweep Control
controls how and when the sweep runs. Creates a set of bott om-row function keys as follows:
causes the sweep to be automatically restarted aft er t he c ompletion of the previous sweep unless halted by the Sweep Control key (or the S weep Tri gger s ettings).
enables single sweeps that are commenced by the S weep Contr ol key (or the Sweep Trigger settings) .
Note that, whenever the sweep is stopped, whether in repeat or single mode, c hanging the frequency span or the reference level will re-run the sweep once.
Sweep Trigger is only availabl e with the upgrade option U02 is fitted. It provides a choice of how the sweep is star ted or stopped. The trigger source can be manual, external, or internal f r om limit lines or patterns. See section 4.3.4.2 for an
explanation of trigger functions.
provides a choice of automatic or manual re-arming of t he tr igger when triggering is enabled and the sweep m ode is set to Single.
When the menu system is set to Sweep/BW the sweep status is displayed in the lower annotation area directly above the keys.
4.3.4 Scan Mode (when fitted)
when Option U02 is fitted, this key in the Sweep Control menu selects an entirely different mode of operat i on. Scan Mode operation is explai ned in section 8.1.
4.3.4.1 Manually Controlling the Sw eep
The sweep can be started or stopped us ing the touch screen S weep Control key directly under the gratic ule on the right hand side. This k ey changes c olour to indicate the current stat e of the sweep. The action of the k ey is duplic ated by the hard key marked Run/Stop.
When the sweep is running, the k ey is gr een and is marked Running (Stop). The word in brackets indicates the action that will be performed by pressing the key.
When the sweep is stopped, and the sweep mode is Repeat, the key is blue and is marked Stopped (Run). Stopping the sweep freezes the c urrent sweep trace on the display so that it can be obser v ed.
When the sweep is stopped, and the sweep mode is Single, the ke y is blue and is marked Stopped (Single) .
At other times, when the s weep is t emporarily halted by the system, the key becomes red and is marked Paused. When sweep triggering is enabled (see next section) the key can provide triggeri ng and arming functions which are indicated by other colours and markings.
Page 20
4.3.4.2 Triggered Sweep (when fitted)
Detector
Type
Default
(Positive)
Set
Detector
Sweep
Mode
Normal
Auto
Manual
Align
Reveal
Images
Advanced
Options
When upgrade option U02 is fitted, it is possible to trigger the sweep using an external or internal trigger signal. Triggered sweep has a different action dependent upon t he sweep mode (Single or Repeat).
If the sweep mode is set to Single, the effect of the trigger is t o start the sweep. When a trigger event occurs a single sweep wil l be initiated. The trigger optio ns are None, Ext +ve (trigger from a positive going edge on the external trigger input) or E xt -ve.
If Single ReArm is set to Auto, a sweep will be initiated ever y t ime a trigger event occurs. If Single ReArm is set to Manual, further trigger inputs ar e ignored after the fir s t sweep. The Sweep Control key turns yellow and is labelled Stopped (Arm). Pressing the key changes t he labelling to Run on Trigger , and a further sweep will be initiated when a trigger event occurs.
If the sweep mode is set to Repeat, the effect of the trigger is to stop the sweep. The options are Free Run (no triggering), Ext +ve (trigger from a pos itive going edge on the external trigger input), Ext -ve, and Limit s (trigger from the Limits comparator - see section 7.10.2). The key marking becomes Stop on Tr igger.
When a trigger occurs the current sweep will be com pleted after which the sweep control k ey will become blue and the sweep will remain stopped until i t is restarted with the sweep control key. There is no separate Arming function for repeat mode sweeps.
Sweep triggering is turn ed off whenever the sweep m ode is c hanged between Single and Repeat or vice versa.
Note that, when a Logging f il e is ini tiated, triggered sweep is aut omatically cancelled and set to Repeat mode and Free Run.
4.3.5 Sweep Mode
sets the sweep method used to reject signal images and minimise spurii. For a full explanation see section 7.5.
selects the default mode whereby image rejection occurs automatically in real t ime. Occasional interruptions of the sweep will take place as an alignment is run to optimise the image rejection ratio.
only becomes operation al when the mode has been set to Normal (Manual) in Advanced Options. Initiates an alignment procedur e to optimise the image rej ec tion ratio.
turns off image rejection for a period of 1.5 seconds or one sweep, whichever is the longer, thus enabling signal images to be seen.
creates a new sub menu from which additional sweep m ode options can be selected. See section 7.5.2.
4.3.6 Detector Type
enables the type of signal detector to be changed. Creates a set of bottom-row function keys as follows :
by default the analyzer uses a Positive Peak detector. This gives appropriate results in the majority of sit uations.
creates a pop-up menu that enables alternatives to posit i ve pe ak to be selected. These are Negative Peak, S ample, Linear or Log Average, Alter nate Peak or RMS. See section 7.7 for a brief explanation of detector types.
Page 21

4.4 Setting the Level Attenuator, Amplitude Scale, and Limits

Units/
Graticule
Ref
Level
Scale/
Shift
Offset/ Tables
Limits
Level/
Limits
Units/
Graticule
dBm
dBuV
Graticule
Ref
Level
Set Ref
Set
Step
Ref
-
Ref
+
This menu group controls t he input attenuator, thus changing the reference level, and controls the measurement units and s c aling of the amplitude displ ay. When option U02 is fit ted, it also enables the sweep amplitude t o be c ompared with limit l ines or patterns and the use of level offset and compensation tables.
4.4.1 Measurement Units and Graticule
sets the measurement units and controls t he graticule display. Creates a set of bottom-row function keys as follows:
provides measurement in dBm (dB milliwatts into 50 Ohms, where 0dBm = 1mW) and sets the graticule and graticule markings accordingly.
provides measurement in dBuV (dB micro volts across 50 O hms, where 0dBuV = 1uV) and sets the graticule and graticule markings acc or di ngly.
creates a pop-up menu enabling the Graticule to be dimmed, set to horizontal lines only, or turned off completely.
Note that, when the measurement units are set to dBuV, the top graticule division is reduc ed to 7dB in order that subsequent graticule lines correspond t o whole decade values.
4.4.2 Reference Level
The reference level represents the maximum signal that can be displayed. The top line of the graticule is at the ref er enc e l evel unless Scale/Shift is being used (see section 4.4.3).
The reference level is var iable between -40dBm (67dB) and + 20dB m (127dBuV) to a resoluti on of 1dB. It’s current value is displayed in the top annotation ar ea.
the reference level for amplitude measurement can be set either numerically or by increment/decrement keys:
opens a numeric keyboard from which the reference level can be set directly as a numeric value in dBm or dBuV.
creates a pop-up menu from which the increment/decrem ent step size can be set as 1dB, 2dB or 5dB.
increments or decrements the reference level value b y t he s tep size set with the Set Step key.
Page 22
4.4.3 Vertical Scaling
Scale/
Shift
Scale
Shift
Down
Shift
Down
Offset/ Tables
Clear
All
Set
enables the vertical amplit ude s caling to be changed. Creates a set of bottom-row function keys as follows :
creates a pop-up menu enabling the vertic al s caling to be set to 10dB/di v (t he default) through to 1dB/ div.
For scales below 10dB/di v onl y a portion of the sweep ampli tude will be visible and the Shift U p/Shift down keys can be used to pan the t r ace through the amplitude range of the graticule. These ke ys auto-repeat.
4.4.4 Amplitude Offset and Compensation Tables (when fitted)
enables the amplitude scaling to be offset to match external attenuation or gain, or to add frequency dependent amplitude compensation tables to match transducers or antennae. These functions are only available when the upgrade option U02 is fitted
- see section 6. Creates a set of bottom-row function keys as follows:
cancels any offset or compensations that have been set and returns the amplitude scaling to normal.
opens a control menu that enabl es compensation for a 75 Ohm s our c e impedance, a fixed attenuation or gain, or a frequency dependent compensation table to be used. The functions can be used individually or together.
The three keys on the upper line s elec t which function is to be controlled.
For 75 Ohm source, the options ar e On or Off. When set to On in firmware, V1.xx and V2.xx all
readout values are adjusted by +1.9dB to calibrate back to a 50 Ohm system.
In firmware, V3.00 dBuV readout is adjusted by +1.9dB and readout is unchanged to indicate values in a 75 Ohm system.
For Fixed Offset, the Set Offset key creates a dialogue box by which an offset can be set between
-50.0dB and +50.0dB. The set f igure is added to the displayed ref erence level and to the graticule values and marker readout.
For Compensation Table, the Select Table key opens a file list of stored compensation tabl es that can be loaded. See section 7.9.2 for a full explanation.
Whenever offsets or com pens ations are active, a warning message is displayed at the top right of the graticule. See sect ion 7.9.1 for safety warnings on the use of these function.
Page 23
4.4.5 Amplitude Limits (when fitted)
Limits
Limit
Conditio
Limit
Action
Set
Limits
Limit
Condition
Limit
Action
Limit
Offset
Limit
Fix/Unfix
sets one or two horizontal lines or complex patterns that can be compared with the sweep. This function is only available when the upgrade option U02 is fitted - see section 6. Creates a set of bottom-row function keys as follows:
creates a control screen that enables the selection of lines and patterns, or allows existing ones to be turned on or off. When Set Line is pressed, t he val ue can be entered numerically in dBm or dBuV. When Select Patt er n i s pr essed, a Recall File
screen is opened enabling a pattern to be loaded from a file. See sec tion 7.10.1.
creates a pop-up menu that selects the criteria upon which a limit condit ion is created. The options are None, A bove, Below, Outside or I ns ide.
creates a pop-up menu that selects an action t hat will be performed when the limit condition occurs. The options are None, Beep, Pulse Out, or Beep + Pulse Out.
Note that other actions (sweep triggering or log file entry) can also be created f rom the limits condition. Further information on the Limit s func tion is given in section 7.10.
creates a control screen from which a limit can be off s et f rom its initial values. This is particularly useful for limit patterns which would otherwise have to be recreated. See section 7.10.4 for more information.
enables a pattern that was cr eated for a particular centr e frequency (e.g. a modulation channel width limit pattern) to be applied to a different centre f r equency. Pressing the key fixes the patt er n relative to the screen and displays a message of
“Lim Fix” on the top RH side of the graticule. See section 7.10.5 for more information.
4.4.5.1 Channel Marker Files
A Channel Marker file is a special c as e of a Limit Pattern fil e which produces only vertical li nes at frequencies defined within the file. See section 7.10.6
4.4.6 Overload Indication
Signal levels that are gr eater than the reference level c an not be displayed and may caus e errors in the measurement.
Two types of overload indication are provided. Signals that c ause the trace to rise above the reference level are indicated by a red arrow at the top of the graticule. Overload of the ADC is indicated by a red background warning message below the graticule area. More inf ormation about signal overload and measurement error is provided in s ec tion 7.1.
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