PSA2703 & PSA1303
2.7GHz & 1.3GHz Spectrum Analysers
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
CONTENTS
1 Product Introduction .....................................................................................................5
1.1 Items Supplied ..........................................................................................................5
1.2 Using this Manual - Cross References .....................................................................5
1.3 Product Description and Capabilities ........................................................................5
1.4 Initial Use - Charging the Battery | Switching On ......................................................6
1.4.1 Setting the Date and Time ......................................................................................6
2 Basics of Operation ......................................................................................................7
2.1 External Connections ...............................................................................................7
2.1.1 DC Power Input ......................................................................................................7
2.1.2 RF Signal Input .......................................................................................................7
2.1.3 Demodulated Audio Output .....................................................................................7
2.1.4 USB Host Connector (for USB Flash Memory) .......................................................8
2.1.5 USB Device Connector (for connection to a PC) .....................................................8
2.1.6 Trigger Input/Output ................................................................................................8
2.2 Bench-top and Portable Use.....................................................................................8
2.2.1 Tilt Stand.................................................................................................................8
2.2.2 Screen Protector and Sun Shield ............................................................................8
2.3 Batteries and AC Line Power....................................................................................9
2.3.1 Battery Operation ....................................................................................................9
2.3.2 AC Line Operation ..................................................................................................9
2.3.3 Power Saving for Battery Operation ........................................................................9
2.4 Display and Controls Layout ................................................................................... 10
2.5 Touch Screen Operation ........................................................................................ 11
2.5.1 Fingertip Operation ...............................................................................................11
2.5.2 Stylus Operation ...................................................................................................11
2.5.3 Operation using only the Hard Keys .....................................................................11
2.5.4 Navigator Keys - Mode Selection ..........................................................................11
2.6 Instrument Status Information................................................................................. 11
2.7 On-screen Help ...................................................................................................... 11
3 Quick Start Guide ........................................................................................................ 12
4 Operation using the Menu System ............................................................................ 13
4.1 Setting the Frequency Range of the Sweep ........................................................... 13
4.1.1 Centre ...................................................................................................................14
4.1.2 Span .....................................................................................................................14
4.1.3 Start/Stop ..............................................................................................................14
4.1.4 Step Size ..............................................................................................................15
4.1.5 Frequency Presets ................................................................................................15
4.1.6 Sweep Time ..........................................................................................................16
4.2 Zero Span Mode (Demodulation Mode) ................................................................. 16
4.2.1 Audio Demodulation Sub Menu ............................................................................16
4.3 Setting the Sweep, Bandwidth (RBW / VBW) & Detector ....................................... 17
4.3.1 RBW / VBW ..........................................................................................................17
4.3.2 Sweep Time (and the Sweep Progress Indicator Line) .........................................17
4.3.3 Sweep Control ......................................................................................................18
4.4 Setting the Level Attenuator, Amplitude Scale, and Limits ..................................... 18
4.4.1 Measurement Units and Graticule .........................................................................18
4.4.2 Reference Level ....................................................................................................19
4.4.3 Vertical Scaling .....................................................................................................19
4.4.4 Amplitude Offset and Compensation Tables (when fitted) ....................................19
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4.4.5
Amplitude Limits (when fitted) ...............................................................................20
4.4.5.1 Channel Marker Files .....................................................................................20
4.4.6 Overload Indication ...............................................................................................21
4.5 Controlling and Storing Traces and Images ........................................................... 21
4.5.1 Displaying Traces; Controlling the View Trace ......................................................21
4.5.1.1 Understanding the Live, View and Reference Traces ....................................21
4.5.2 Sweep Progress Indicator Line .............................................................................22
4.5.3 Setting the Trace Writing Mode .............................................................................22
4.5.3.1 Dual Trace Mode............................................................................................23
4.5.4 Storing and Recalling Traces and Screen Images ................................................23
4.6 Using Measurement Markers.................................................................................. 24
4.6.1 Setting-up Markers................................................................................................24
4.6.2 Controlling Markers ...............................................................................................25
4.6.2.1 Controlling Markers with the Hard Keys .........................................................25
4.6.2.2 Further Notes on the Use of Markers .............................................................25
4.7 Instrument Setups and Additional Functions .......................................................... 27
4.7.1 The Data Logging Function (when fitted) ..............................................................27
4.7.2 Frequency Counter Options ..................................................................................27
4.8 Storing and Recalling Set-ups | System Settings ................................................... 28
4.8.1 Storing and Recalling Instrument Setups ..............................................................28
4.8.2 System Settings, Screen Brightness, Filing System and USB Operations ............28
4.9 Status Information | On-screen Help | System Utilities ........................................... 29
4.9.1 Status Display .......................................................................................................29
4.9.2 Help Screens ........................................................................................................29
4.9.3 System Utilities .....................................................................................................29
4.9.3.1 Screen Utilities ...............................................................................................29
4.9.3.2 Power Options, Power-on State, Clock Setting ..............................................30
4.9.3.3 Alerts ..............................................................................................................30
4.9.3.4 System Updating and Calibration ...................................................................30
4.10 Using Instrument Presets | Automatic Setting ..................................................... 30
4.10.1 The User Preset ....................................................................................................31
4.10.2 Custom Presets (when fitted) ................................................................................31
5 File Storage for Traces, Screen Images & Set-ups .................................................. 32
5.1 Storing Traces or Screens ...................................................................................... 32
5.1.1.1 Default File Name Rules ................................................................................33
5.2 Recalling Traces and Images ................................................................................. 33
5.2.1 Traces and States .................................................................................................33
5.3 Storing Instrument Set-up Files .............................................................................. 34
5.4 File Recall Screen .................................................................................................. 34
5.5 File Utilities Screen ................................................................................................. 35
5.6 File Operations Screen ........................................................................................... 35
5.6.1 Editing File Names ................................................................................................36
5.6.2 File Names Created or Renamed Externally .........................................................37
6 Upgrade Option U01 ................................................................................................... 37
6.1 Additional Functions from Option U01 .................................................................... 37
6.1.1 Logging of Values, Traces or Screens ..................................................................37
6.1.2 Triggering ..............................................................................................................37
6.1.3 Limit Lines, Limit Patterns & Channel Markers......................................................37
6.1.4 Level Offsets .........................................................................................................37
6.1.5 Compensation Tables ...........................................................................................37
6.1.6 Custom Presets ....................................................................................................38
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6.1.7
View on PC ...........................................................................................................38
6.1.8 Test Bridge PSA Software ....................................................................................38
7 Further Notes on Operation ....................................................................................... 38
7.1 Signal Overload Levels and Indication ................................................................... 38
7.1.1 ADC Overload .......................................................................................................38
7.2 Operation using the Hard Keys Only ...................................................................... 38
7.3 Setting Frequencies ................................................................................................ 39
7.3.1 Set by Keypad ......................................................................................................39
7.3.2 Set by Tab/Jog ......................................................................................................39
7.3.3 Shortcuts to setting a Specific Frequency Span ....................................................40
7.3.4 Repetitive Operations ...........................................................................................40
7.3.5 Using Custom Presets (when fitted) ......................................................................41
7.3.6 Creating Channel Markers (when fitted) ................................................................41
7.4 Measuring Relative Amplitude ................................................................................ 41
7.5 Sweep Times .......................................................................................................... 42
7.6 Radiated and Injected Signals ................................................................................ 42
7.6.1 Self-radiated Signals .............................................................................................42
7.6.2 External Signal Injection .......................................................................................42
7.7 Detector Types ....................................................................................................... 42
7.8 Triggered Operation ............................................................................................... 43
7.8.1 External Trigger Input ...........................................................................................43
7.8.2 Trigger Output .......................................................................................................43
7.9 Level Offset and Compensation Tables .................................................................. 43
7.9.1 Dynamic Range and Maximum Signal ..................................................................43
7.9.2 Creating and using Compensation Tables ............................................................44
7.10 Limit Lines & the Limits Comparator | Creating Limit Patterns ............................ 44
7.10.1 Setting Limits ........................................................................................................44
7.10.2 The Limit Comparator ...........................................................................................45
7.10.3 Creating and Loading Limit Patterns .....................................................................45
7.10.4 Limit Offset ............................................................................................................45
7.10.5 Limit Fix/Unfix .......................................................................................................45
7.10.6 Creating and Loading Channel Markers ................................................................46
7.11 The Logging Function .......................................................................................... 46
7.11.1 The Logging Control Menu ...................................................................................46
7.11.2 Manual Logging ....................................................................................................47
7.11.2.1 The Run/Stop key and Sweep Control key .....................................................47
7.11.3 Logging from the Timer .........................................................................................47
7.11.4 Logging from External Trigger ...............................................................................47
7.11.5 Logging from Amplitude Limits ..............................................................................48
7.11.6 Logging Every Sweep (Continuous) ......................................................................48
7.11.7 File Sizes and Maximum Logging Times ...............................................................48
7.11.8 Viewing and Analyzing Logging Files ....................................................................48
8 USB Connections | File System & File Types ........................................................... 48
8.1.1 Understanding USB Connections .........................................................................48
8.1.2 Using an External Flash Drive ...............................................................................49
8.1.3 Linking to a PC via USB ........................................................................................49
8.2 File System and File Types .................................................................................... 50
8.2.1 Internal Filing System Organisation ......................................................................50
8.2.2 File Types .............................................................................................................50
8.2.3 Trace Files ............................................................................................................50
8.2.4 Screen Image Files ...............................................................................................50
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8.2.5
Setup Files ............................................................................................................51
8.2.6 Other File Types ...................................................................................................51
8.2.6.1 Compensation Tables ....................................................................................51
8.2.6.2 Limit Pattern and Channel Marker Files .........................................................51
8.2.6.3 Logging Files ..................................................................................................51
9 Default Settings | Power On State | Hard Reset ....................................................... 51
9.1 Restoring to Factory Defaults ................................................................................. 51
9.2 Standard Preset ...................................................................................................... 52
9.3 Unrecoverable Fault Condition - Hard Reset .......................................................... 53
9.4 Power-On State ...................................................................................................... 53
10 Firmware Updates | Upgrades | Maintenance ........................................................ 53
10.1 Updating the Firmware ........................................................................................ 53
10.2 Upgrading the Firmware (Option U01) ................................................................ 53
10.3 Maintenance, Re-calibration & Cleaning ............................................................. 53
10.4 Battery Replacement ........................................................................................... 54
11 Safety Information ................................................................................................... 54
12 Specification ............................................................................................................ 55
13 Appendix A: Optional Accessories ........................................................................ 61
14 Appendix B: Test Bridge PSA Software ................................................................. 61
15 Appendix C: Factory Default Settings .................................................................... 62
16 Appendix D: Menu Tree Diagram ........................................................................... 63
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1 Product Introduction
*Better than -115 dBm from 11MHz to 2.7GHz (Better than -100 dBm from 1MHz to 10MHz)
1.1 Items Supplied
Portable Spectrum Analyzer (PSA1303 or PSA2703) with removable stylus and detachable
bench-stand/screen-protector.
Spare stylus duplicates the stylus fitted into the instrument.
USB lead Mini B plug to standard A plug.
Trigger input converter plug 3.5mm jack to BNC socket.
AC line power-supply/charger Universal voltage with interchangeable country specific plugs.
Safety Documentation & Quick Start Guide (English, French, German, Italian and Spanish).
1.2 Using this Manual - Cross References
This manual covers both the PSA2703 and PSA1303 spectrum analyzers. Within the text they
may be referred to jointly as PSAxx03 or PSA Series 3. The manual includes many cross
references which are shown as follows - see section X.X. The Table of Contents is also fully
hyperlinked.
1.3 Product Description and Capabilities
The PSA2703 and PSA1303 are fully portable RF spectrum analyzers that incorporate a highresolution colour TFT touch screen. They are sufficiently small and lightweight to be operated
as true handheld instruments and have a battery life of up to 6 hours after a full charge.
As bench instruments they can be powered by the supplied ac-line adaptor/charger. They can
be set horizontally or vertically, or at an angle of about 40 degrees using the built-in tilt stand.
For field use, the stand can be moved to the top of the instrument to form a screen protector
and sun shield.
The frequency range is 1MHz to 2700MHz (PSA2703) or 1MHz to 1300MHz (PSA1303). The
span can be set between 0.0270 MHz and 2699.000 MHz or 1299.000 MHz respectively with a
setting resolution of 100Hz. Start, stop, or centre frequencies can be set to the same resolution.
The resolution bandwidth (RBW) is selectable between 300Hz to 10MHz in a 1:3:10 sequence
or can be set via an Auto function. Video bandwidth (VBW) is similarly settable between 300Hz
and 10MHz or RBW tracking, where the VBW is set to be equal to he the RBW.
The on-screen amplitude range is approximately 84 dB with a reference level variable between
-40dBm and +10dBm. Amplitudes can alternatively be displayed in dBµV. Vertical magnification
down to 1dB/div can be selected. Average noise floor is typically better than
-115dBm* at -40dBm reference level and 10 kHz RBW / 1kHz VBW.
Sweeps can be repeating or single shot, and the trace can be normal (over-write), peak hold or
average (2 to 48 sweeps). Audio demodulation is provided via a built-in speaker.
Multiple detector modes include Positive Peak (default), Negative Peak, Alternate Peak, Lin or
Log Average, RMS, and Sample.
Twin vertical marker lines are available giving a readout of frequency and amplitude together
with difference values. Markers can be manually positioned or automatically peak finding or
tracking. A frequency counter can be used at the marker position with resolution down to 10Hz.
A reference trace and a view trace can be displayed in addition to the live trace. Up to 999
traces can be stored to permanent memory for recall to the screen or for data export. 999
instrument set-ups and 999 complete screen bitmaps can also be stored. All files can be given
user defined names.
USB interfaces are provided for direct file transfer to a PC or for connection of a USB Flash
drive.
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Extensive convenience features for repetitive operation include auto-set, frequency presets,
and storage of the instrument state together with the trace file for simultaneous or independent
recall.
Pressing the Status/Help hard key brings up a full status screen and access to help screens
relevant to the current menu position.
An optional upgrade package (retro installable) provides additional features including, data
logging, sweep triggering, limit patterns, compensation tables, and more - see section 6.
More details of the product capabilities are given in the Specifications - section 15.
1.4 Initial Use - Charging the Battery | Switching On
As supplied, the internal battery is likely to be partly or fully discharged. At first use, the
instrument should therefore be plugged into the charger until the light next to the charge socket
stops flashing, a full charge typically takes three hours- see section 2.1.1. The instrument can
still be used during this period.
The instrument is turned on or off by pressing the small round key marked Power for about one
second. When turning on, the screen backlight will flash briefly and a short beep will sound to
indicate that the key press has been recognised, there is then a short delay as the PSA boots.
If the battery is too far discharged to allow operation, the instrument will turn off again and a
second short beep will be sounded.
1.4.1 Setting the Date and Time
The instrument contains a real-time clock that is used for time stamping of files. As supplied the
date and/or time may be incorrect.
Date and time can be checked from page 5 of the Status screens or can be checked and
altered from Setup/Functions > System/File Ops > Status / System > Power/Clock.
Note that the date format is DD-MM-YY, and the time format is 24 hours.
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2 Basics of Operation
2.1 External Connections
2.1.1 DC Power Input
DC power to operate and/or recharge the instrument is connected via a 1.3mm power socket
mounted on the right-hand side of the instrument.
Use ONLY the power-supply/charger provided by Aim-TTi with the unit. Use of any other
power source will void the warranty.
The red lamp next to the socket flashes whilst charging is taking place and becomes continuous
once charging is complete.
2.1.2 RF Signal Input
The signal to be measured is connected via a standard N connector mounted at the top of the
instrument. The input impedance is 50 Ohms. The maximum useable signal input is +10dBm or
+117 dBuV.
The absolute maximum signal input level is +23dBm (above 50MHz, see graph below) or
+130dBuV of RF power (approximately 4 volts RMS), or 50V DC.
Applying a signal above this level could damage the unit and such damage would not
be covered by the product warranty.
2.1.3 Demodulated Audio Output
Demodulated audio (when in Zero Span Mode) is available via the built-in speaker, with the
volume level adjustable from within the application. The signal is also provided via a 3.5mm
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stereo jack socket mounted at the top of the instrument. Maximum power output is 30 milliwatts
into 32 Ohms.
The signal is mono, but connection can be made using either a mono or stereo plug. In the
latter case the signal will be present on both channels. Connecting the jack plug automatically
disconnects the internal speaker.
2.1.4 USB Host Connector (for USB Flash Memory)
A standard USB type A connector is provided on the left-hand side of
the instrument which is revealed by moving the sliding cover towards
the top of the instrument. This is intended exclusively for the connection
of a USB Flash memory stick. See section 9.1.2 for full information.
2.1.5 USB Device Connector (for connection to a PC)
A USB type mini-B connector is provided on the left-hand side of the
instrument which is revealed by moving the sliding cover towards the
base of the instrument. This is intended exclusively for connection to a
personal computer. See section 9.1.3 for full information.
2.1.6 Trigger Input/Output
A 3.5mm mono jack socket is mounted at the top of the instrument for trigger signals. This has
no function unless option U01 is fitted - see section 6.1.5. An adaptor is provided that converts
from the jack socket to a standard BNC connector.
2.2 Bench-top and Portable Use
The instrument is intended for both hand-held and bench-top applications. It has rubber feet for
horizontal or vertical use or can be angled using the tilt stand.
2.2.1 Tilt Stand
The instrument is supplied with the tilt stand folded
away and magnetically latched at the bottom of the
instrument. It can be hinged outwards to tilt the unit at
an angle of about 40 degrees.
2.2.2 Screen Protector and Sun Shield
To protect the screen when in transit, the tilt stand can
be detached from the bottom of the instrument and re-attached on the top to act as a screen
protector.
The stand is removed by flexing it outwards at the hinged end until the lugs disengage from the
sockets.
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For outdoors use, the screen protector can be hinged upwards to form a sun shield which
improves the screen visibility in direct sunlight.
When not required, it can be detached and stowed away on the back of the instrument where it
functions as a tilt stand.
2.3 Batteries and AC Line Power
2.3.1 Battery Operation
The instruments operate from an internal Lithium-ion rechargeable battery which can provide up
to 6 hours of continuous operation (screen brightness dependent).
The battery condition is indicated on the display via a multi-segment battery symbol. When it
changes colour to yellow, expected battery life has fallen below 30 minutes. When it turns red,
expected battery life has fallen below 10 minutes, and the analyzer should be recharged.
The approximate battery life remaining is also displayed in hours and minutes within the Status
information screens.
The battery is charged from the supplied 5V/2A charger which can recharge a fully discharged
battery in under 3 hours.
When the battery is being charged, the red light next to the charging socket flashes. When
charging is complete, flashing ceases but the lamp remains illuminated while the charger is
connected.
It is also possible to slow charge the instrument from the USB port of a personal computer
provided that the instrument is turned off. Charge time may be up to 10 hours. Connection to
the PC must be made from the mini-USB “device” port of the instrument using the supplied
cable. It is not possible to operate the instrument from USB power.
2.3.2 AC Line Operation
For bench-top operation, the instrument can be operated continuously from the supplied ac-line
operated charger. The internal power management circuitry ensures that the battery cannot be
overcharged.
2.3.3 Power Saving for Battery Operation
The battery life of the instrument is affected by the screen brightness which can be adjusted
over a wide range (see section 4.8.2). Setting the brightness to maximum, for example, will
reduce battery life by up to 2 hour relative to the normal setting (40%).
To conserve the battery the instrument should be turned off when not in use. In addition, AutoOff mode can be selected whereby the unit turns off automatically after a defined period from
the last key press. The period can be set between 5 and 60 minutes - see section 4.9.3.2. AutoOff is automatically disabled when external power is connected, and when data-logging is
enabled. All data is retained when the instrument is off.
A short beep is sounded when the instrument turns off.
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2.4 Display and Controls Layout
Fig. 1
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2.5 Touch Screen Operation
The normal mode of operation of the spectrum analyzer is by using the touch-screen keys
within the display supplemented, when required, by the hard keys below.
The touch screen keys are normally operated by pressing with the finger or thumb but can
alternatively be operated using the supplied stylus.
2.5.1 Fingertip Operation
The touch screen is a resistive single-touch type (rather than the capacitive multi-touch type used
on many smart phones).
It can be operated by pressing the key area firmly with the soft part of the finger or thumb. However,
for greater positional accuracy it can also be operated by pressing gently with the fingernail.
When a key is depressed, its colour changes from blue to purple. The key action is performed when
the key is released.
2.5.2 Stylus Operation
Some users may prefer to use a stylus to operate the touch screen. The supplied stylus has a
soft point. Sharply pointed objects should never be used to operate the screen as they could
cause damage.
The stylus should be replaced into its mounting slot at the base of the instrument to prevent it
being mislaid. The stylus design is compatible with those used with the Nintendo DS handheld
games console, and spares are widely available.
2.5.3 Operation using only the Hard Keys
It is also possible to use the spectrum analyzer without touching the screen at all, by using the
five “navigator” hard keys to operate each of the touch screen functions. See section 7.2 for a
full explanation of this mode of operation.
2.5.4 Navigator Keys - Mode Selection
The five hard keys that make up the Navigator have two alternative modes of operation which
are selected by the small, illuminated keys on either side.
The modes are:
Control Markers (default) - see section 4.6.2.1, and Navigate Screen - see section 7.2.
Whenever the navigator mode is changed, an information box appears explaining the current
action of the navigator keys. If preferred this can be turned off - see section 4.9.3.3.
2.6 Instrument Status Information
The most important elements of the instrument status are displayed at the top of the screen
(see Fig. 1 in section 2.4). Further status information relevant to the current menu function is
shown directly above the key area.
In addition, the full status of the instrument can be displayed at any time by pressing the hard
key marked Status/Help - see section 4.9.1.
2.7 On-screen Help
The instrument incorporates extensive help information to assist the user. Help is accessed by
pressing the hard key marked Status/Help - see section 4.9.2.
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3 Quick Start Guide
It is recommended that all users, including those fully familiar with RF spectrum analyzers, take
a little time to read through this instruction manual before using the instrument.
However, for users who wish to get started with hands-on operation as quickly as possible, the
following may prove useful.
1. Press and hold the Power key until a short beep is heard. Wait a few seconds and then
check the battery condition indicator on the display. If it shows less than ¼ full the instrument
should be connected to its charger.
2. Connect the signal to be measured to the N-type connector at the top of the instrument. The
maximum allowable signal without damage is +23dBm (+130dBuV >50MHz or +/-50V DC). The
maximum measurable signal is +10dBm (+ 117dBuV). If there is a possibility of the signal
exceeding these levels, add suitable in-line attenuation.
3. Ensure that the Navigator keys are set to Control Markers (key illuminated green). If not
press the round key marked Control Markers. This also selects touch-screen key control.
4. Press the hard key marked Presets (Auto-Set). Select Auto Set and press Execute.
The instrument will perform a full span sweep (1MHz to 1300/2700MHz) at maximum reference
level (+10dBm) and find the highest level within the sweep. It will then perform a number of
further sweeps at narrower spans and, where appropriate, lower reference levels.
During this time a red background message of Status: SCANNING will be displayed. When
finished the message will become Status: COMPLETE.
When Auto Set has completed, the analyzer should be set with a fairly narrow span (typically
10MHz) centred on the signal with the M1 marker at the centre frequency and in Peak-find
mode (indicated by an upwards arrow prior to the M1 readout). RBW will be set to Auto and
VBW to Track.
5. Press Exit to return to the main menu.
The M2 marker can be turned on from the hard key marked Control Markers. Markers are
moved using the Navigator hard keys – Left/Right moves the markers, Up sets peak-find mode
where the selected marker jumps to peaks within the trace, Down sets scroll mode where the
marker moves across the screen in one-pixel steps (1/270
under control is selected by the centre key (M1/M2) and indicated by an arrow before the
marker readout.
From the main menu adjustments can be made to centre frequency and span (or start and
stop), sweep mode, detector type, RBW and VBW, reference level, displayed traces and
markers.
The menu system is hierarchical with each top-line key selecting a set of five second line
sub-menu keys. Each of these provides access to a set of keys on the bottom line that perform
the actual functions.
Context sensitive help for each sub-menu group can be accessed by pressing the hard key
marked “Status (Help)” then “Help”, followed by “Context Help”. This provides sufficient
information to understand the principles of operation.
th
of the span). The marker currently
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4 Operation using the Menu System
Freq/
Span
Sweep/
BW
Level/
Limits
Traces/
Markers
Setup/
Functions
Centre
Span
Start/
Stop
Step
Size
Freq
Presets
Freq/
Span
The default menu system for the spectrum analyzer consists of three rows of five keys. The
upper row represents the top level of the menu system and defines five “menu groups” as
follows:
enables the frequency range of sweep to be set in terms of start and stop
frequencies or centre frequency plus span, as well as zero span demodulation.
enables control of the sweep and bandwidth filtering for the sweep. Controls are
provided for RBW and VBW settings, sweep mode, sweep time, sweep control and
detector type selection. When option U01 is fitted, it also controls sweep triggering.
enables the reference level to be changed, the amplitude units to be changed, and
the vertical scaling to be altered. When option U01 is fitted, it also enables the setup
and control of limit lines and patterns, and the application of external offsets
and compensation tables.
provides control of the display traces including trace processing modes, along with
the storage function for both traces and screen images. Also provides setup and
control of the measurement markers.
provides access to the storage of instrument setups and access to system utilities
and setting of the frequency counter gate time. When option U01 is fitted, it also
provides access to automatic logging functions.
Each group has up to five “sub-groups” which appear on the middle row of keys. The currently
selected group and sub-group is shown by the relevant key being dark blue.
The bottom row of keys represents the “functions” that can be performed for each of the many
sub-groups. These keys may perform an immediate action, or bring up a pop-up menu, or
create a special control screen for numeric entry or file operations.
See Appendix D, section 19, for a graphical summary of the menu tree.
4.1 Setting the Frequency Range of the Sweep
This menu group controls the frequency range for the current sweep of the spectrum analyzer.
The range can be set in terms of either a centre frequency plus a span width, or in terms of a
start frequency and a stop frequency.
Pressing Centre or Span will cause the frequency range to be displayed at the top of the screen
in terms of a centre frequency and a span. Pressing Start/Stop will cause it to be displayed in
terms of a start frequency and a stop frequency.
The lowest start frequency is 1MHz. The highest stop frequency is 2700MHz or 1300MHz. The
minimum span width is 0.027MHz which results in minimum and maximum centre frequencies
of 1.0135MHz and 2699.9865MHz or 1299.9865MHz respectively.
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4.1.1 Centre
Centre
Set
Centre
Set
C=M1
Set
C=Pk
Step
Down
Step
Up
Span
Set
Span
Set Span
to MΔ
Zoom
Out
Zoom
In
Zero
Span
Start
Stop
Set
Start
Set
Stop
Start=M1
Stop=M2
controls the centre frequency for the sweep. Also sets the annotation to
Centre/Span if it was previously Start/Stop. Creates a set of bottom-row function
keys as follows:
enables the centre frequency to be set to a specific value. The menu keys are
replaced by a numeric keyboard from which a centre frequency can be entered in
MHz to a resolution of 0.0001 (100Hz).
Press OK to activate the new frequency without leaving the screen or OK & Exit to
return to the Centre menu. Once a new frequency has been set from this screen, the
Previous key can be used to return to the previous frequency and then toggle
between the two.
Pressing Set by Tab/Jog selects an alternative setting screen in which frequencies
are set by “jogging” each digit up or down. Note that whichever method of setting
frequency is used becomes the default whenever Set Centre is pressed. See section
7.3 for an illustrated description of frequency setting.
sets the centre frequency to the frequency value of the M1 marker (when active).
sets the centre frequency to the frequency value of the highest amplitude point in the
current sweep.
changes the centre frequency by the value of the step size
- see section 4.1.4.
4.1.2 Span
controls the span for the sweep. Also sets the annotation to Centre/Span if it was
previously Start/Stop. Creates a set of bottom-row function keys as follows:
enables the span to be set to a specific value. The method for setting the span is
similar to that for setting the Centre frequency - see section 7.3 for an illustrated
description of frequency setting.
sets the span equal to the frequency difference between the M1 and M2 markers (if
active).
changes the sweep mode of the spectrum analyser and opens the Zero Span sub
menu - see section 4.2.
4.1.3 Start/Stop
controls the start and stop frequencies for the sweep. Also sets the annotation to
Start/Stop if it was previously Centre/Span. Creates a set of bottom-row function
keys as follows:
sets the span to a higher or lower value in a 1-2-5 sequence starting from
the existing span value. (Example: if the existing span is 1.7MHz, the first
press of Zoom Out will take it to 2MHz and the next press to 5MHz).
enables the start or stop frequency to be set to a specific value. The
method for setting these is similar to that for setting the Centre frequency
- see section 7.3 for an illustrated description of frequency setting.
sets the start frequency to the frequency of the M1 marker and the stop frequency to
the frequency of the M2 marker. M1 and M2 must both be active and M2 must be at
a higher frequency than M1.
Page 14
reverts to the start and stop frequencies that existed directly before the
-more1 of 2
Fix
Start
Fix
Stop
Step
Down
Step
Up
-more2 of 2
Step
Size
Auto
Span/10
Set to
MΔ
Set to
Centre
Set to
M1
Freq
Presets
Full
Span
Set
Step
Store
Preset
Undo
Start=M1/Stop=M2 key was pressed.
opens a second set of actions keys: Fix Start/Fix Stop and Step Down/Step Up.
changes the action of the Step Up/Down keys so that only the stop
frequency or start frequency respectively is changed by the step value.
The fixed start or stop frequency is preceded by the word Fix. Pressing
the key again or leaving this function-set (by pressing -more- 2 of 2 or any group or sub-group
key) will cancel the fixed start or stop frequency.
changes the start and/or stop frequencies by the value of the step size
(see next section). The action of the Fix Start/Fix Stop keys determines
whether both are stepped or only one is stepped.
Note that, if the start or stop frequency is “fixed” and the step size is set to Auto, the step size
will change on each press of step up/down so that it is always equal to one graticule division.
returns to the alternative set of action keys for Start-Stop. Cancels the fixed start or
stop frequency if set.
4.1.4 Step Size
sets the size of frequency stepping using the Step Up/Down keys. When relevant,
the current step size is displayed within a green box above the keys. Creates a set
of bottom-row function keys as follows:
enables the step size to be set to a specific value. The method for setting the step
size is similar to that for setting the Centre frequency - see section 7.1 for an
illustrated description of frequency setting.
causes the step size to be automatically linked to the width of the span. Thus, Step
Up/Down will cause the centre frequency to change in steps of one graticule
division. Auto step size is indicated by the word Auto above the step size value.
sets the step size equal to the frequency difference between the M1 and M2
markers (if active).
sets the step size equal to either the centre frequency or to the frequency
of the M1 marker (if active). This can be useful for observing the
harmonics of a fundamental frequency.
4.1.5 Frequency Presets
enables up to six frequency ranges to be quickly stored and recalled. Only the
centre and span (or equivalent start and stop frequencies) are stored. This differs
from a Trace State or Set-up file for which more parameters are stored (see sections
9.2.3 or 9.2.5 respectively). Frequency presets are retained when the instrument is off. Creates
a set of bottom-row function keys as follows:
sets the sweep to the full range of the instrument (1MHz to 1.3GHz or 2.7GHz).
brings up a menu of six preset numbers (1 to 6) into which the current value of the
sweep frequency range can be stored. Existing values are over-written.
Page 15
brings up a menu of six preset numbers (1 to 6) which recall previously stored
Recall
Preset
Toggle
Last
Audio
Demod
Exit
Z-Span
Demod
Type
Depth/
Dev.
Audio
Volume.
frequency ranges. Empty positions are ignored.
switches between the current sweep frequency range and the last range to be
recalled from a preset (or from Full Span).
4.1.6 Sweep Time
The normal sweep time and update rate is automatically set from the Span and the RBW and is
displayed within the lower annotation area. Narrower RBW settings create longer sweep times.
For each RBW, the normal sweep time is broadly proportional to the frequency span. The
sweep time can be manually reduced at the expense of amplitude accuracy. See section 4.3.2.
4.2 Zero Span Mode (Demodulation Mode)
Zero span is a special case of frequency range setting. It is set from the Span sub-menu - see
section 4.1.2. Pressing Zero Span removes the normal sweep display and enables audio
demodulation of AM and FM signals.
Pressing Zero Span brings up an alternative set of function keys as follows:
creates sub-menu from which audio demodulation of AM and FM signals can be
controlled. See section 4.2.1.
exits zero span mode and returns to a normal swept trace and the normal Span submenu key functions.
4.2.1 Audio Demodulation Sub Menu
The demodulated audio is routed to a built-in loudspeaker. Alternatively, the audio can be
outputted via a 3.5mm jack socket - see section 2.1.3.
selects the type of demodulation as AM or FM.
enables the AM depth or FM deviation to be adjusted using Up/Down keys.
The range is 1.25%/div to 25%/div equivalent to +/-5% to +/-100% full scale (AM) or
0.25kHz/div to 250kHz/div equivalent to +/-1kHz to +/-1MHz full scale (FM).
controls the volume in 15 steps as shown on a bar graph. The audio can also be
muted and a hiss reducing filter applied.
Note that the RBW needs to be set appropriately for the modulation. As a broad
guide the RBW should be set greater than the channel bandwidth. However, setting an
excessively wide RBW will introduce unnecessary noise.
Page 16
4.3 Setting the Sweep, Bandwidth (RBW / VBW) & Detector
RBW/
VBW
Sweep
Time
Sweep
Control
Detector
Type
Sweep/
BW
RBW/
VBW
RBW
Auto
RBW
Set
Sweep
Time
Manual
Down
Manual
Up
VBW
Track
Auto
(Norm)
VBW
Offset
VBW
Set
This menu group controls the sweep, the resolution bandwidth filters and the detector mode.
This enables the resolution bandwidth of the sweep filter and the subsequent video filtering to
be controlled along with sweep time (normal or fast) and the type of sweep (repeat or single). It
also provides control of the detector, and options for changing the image rejection method
(sweep mode). If option U01 is fitted, sweep triggering can also be controlled.
4.3.1 RBW / VBW
controls the resolution bandwidth of the sweep filter prior to the detector (RBW) and
of the filter that follows the detector (VBW). A narrower RBW provides greater
frequency resolution and lower noise but increases the sweep time. A narrower
VBW similarly reduces noise but increases sweep time creates a set of bottom-row function
keys as follows:
causes the RBW to be automatically changed to suit the frequency span. The RBW
value is displayed at the top of the screen and is preceded by the word Auto.
cancels Auto mode and creates a pop-up menu from which a specific RBW value
can be selected. The range is 300Hz to 10MHz in a 1:3:10 sequence. The selected
value is displayed at the top of the screen.
causes the VBW to be automatically changed to track the RBW value subject to the
VBW offset. The VBW value is displayed at the top of the screen and is preceded by
the word Trk.
cancels Track mode and creates a pop-up menu from which a specific VBW value
can be selected. The range is 300Hz to 10MHz in a 1:3:10 sequence. The selected
value is displayed at the top of the screen.
sets the relationship between VBW and RBW for VBW Track mode. Positive
numbers set a VBW one or more steps higher while negative numbers set it one or
more steps lower. The default is zero
4.3.2 Sweep Time (and the Sweep Progress Indicator Line)
The normal sweep time and update rate is automatically set from the Span and the RBW and is
displayed within the lower annotation area. Narrower RBW settings create longer sweep times. For
each RBW, the normal sweep time is broadly proportional to the frequency span. The sweep time
can be manually reduced at the expense of amplitude accuracy.
enables the sweep to be speeded up at the expense of level accuracy. Creates a
set of bottom-row function keys as follows:
selects the normal sweep time and ensures the highest degree of level accuracy.
The sweep time is dependent upon the span and the RBW/VBW settings and is
displayed in seconds within the lower annotation area followed by [N].
enables the sweep time to be reduced in order to speed up the response
to changing events
. Three levels of speed up are available indiciated by
Page 17
[F1], [F2], [F3] replacing the [N] after the sweep time display. To warn the user of reduced level
Sweep
Repeat
Single
Sweep
Trigger
Single
ReArm
Units/
Graticule
Ref
Level
Scale/
Shift
Offset/
Tables
Limits
Level/
Limits
Units/
Graticule
dBm
measurement accuracy, a yellow background is applied. The maximum levels of sweep time
reduction are 2, 5 or 10 but the actual reductions are dependent upon span and RBW/VBW
settings – see section 7.5.4.
For sweep times longer than about 1 second, a yellow indicator line below the graticule
indicates the progress of the sweep – see section 4.5.2.
4.3.3 Sweep Control
controls how and when the sweep runs. Creates a set of bottom-row function keys
as follows:
causes the sweep to be automatically restarted after the completion of the previous
sweep unless halted by the Sweep Control key (or the Sweep Trigger settings).
enables single sweeps that are commenced by the Sweep Control key (or the
Sweep Trigger settings).
Note that, whenever the sweep is stopped, whether in repeat or single mode, changing the
frequency span or the reference level will re-run the sweep once.
Sweep Trigger is only available with the upgrade option U01 is fitted. It provides a
choice of how the sweep is started or stopped. The trigger source can be manual,
external, or internal from limit lines or patterns. See section 4.3.4.2 for an
explanation of trigger functions.
provides a choice of automatic or manual re-arming of the trigger when triggering is
enabled, and the sweep mode is set to Single.
When the menu system is set to Sweep/BW the sweep status is displayed in the lower
annotation area directly above the keys.
4.4 Setting the Level Attenuator, Amplitude Scale, and Limits
This menu group controls the input attenuator, thus changing the reference level, and controls
the measurement units and scaling of the amplitude display. When option U01 is fitted, it also
enables the sweep amplitude to be compared with limit lines or patterns and the use of level
offset and compensation tables.
4.4.1 Measurement Units and Graticule
sets the measurement units and controls the graticule display. Creates a set of
bottom-row function keys as follows:
provides measurement in dBm (dB milliwatts into 50 Ohms, where 0dBm = 1mW)
and sets the graticule and graticule markings accordingly.
Page 18
provides measurement in dBuV (dB micro volts across 50 Ohms, where 0dBuV =
Scale/
Shift
Scale
Shift
Down
Shift
Down
Offset/
Tables
Clear
All
dBuV
Graticule
Ref
Level
Set
Ref
Ref.
Step
Ref
-
Ref
+
1uV) and sets the graticule and graticule markings accordingly.
creates a pop-up menu enabling the Graticule to be dimmed, set to horizontal lines
only, or turned off completely.
Note that, when the measurement units are set to dBuV, the top graticule division is reduced to
7dB in order that subsequent graticule lines correspond to whole decade values.
4.4.2 Reference Level
The reference level represents the maximum signal that can be displayed. The top line of the
graticule is at the reference level unless Scale/Shift is being used (see section 4.4.3).
The reference level is variable between -40dBm (67dB) and +10dBm (117dBuV) to a resolution
of 1dB. Its current value is displayed in the top annotation area.
the reference level for amplitude measurement can be set either numerically or by
increment/decrement keys:
opens a numeric keyboard from which the reference level can be set directly as a
numeric value in dBm or dBuV.
creates a pop-up menu from which the increment/decrement step size can be set as
1dB, 2dB or 5dB.
increments or decrements the reference level value by the step size set
with the Set Step key.
4.4.3 Vertical Scaling
enables the vertical amplitude scaling to be changed. Creates a set of bottom-row
function keys as follows:
creates a pop-up menu enabling the vertical scaling to be set to 10dB/div (the
default) through to 1dB/div.
For scales below 10dB/div only a portion of the sweep amplitude will be
visible and the Shift Up/Shift down keys can be used to pan the trace
through the amplitude range of the graticule. These keys auto-repeat.
4.4.4 Amplitude Offset and Compensation Tables (when fitted)
enables the amplitude scaling to be offset to match external attenuation or gain, or
to add frequency dependent amplitude compensation tables to match transducers or
antennae. These functions are only available when the upgrade option U01 is fitted see section 6. Creates a set of bottom-row function keys as follows:
cancels any offset or compensations that have been set and returns the amplitude
scaling to normal.
Page 19
opens a control menu that enables
Set
Limits
Limit
Conditio
Limit
Action
Set
Limits
Limit
Condition
Limit
Action
Limit
Offset
Limit
Fix/Unfix
compensation for a 75 Ohm source
impedance, a fixed attenuation or gain, or
a frequency dependent compensation table to be
used. The functions can be used individually or
together.
The three keys on the upper line select which function
is to be controlled.
For 75 Ohm source, the options are On or Off.
When set to On, readout is adjusted by +1.9dB and readout is unchanged to indicate values in
a 75 Ohm system.
For Fixed Offset, the Set Offset key creates a dialogue box by which an offset can be set
between
-50.0dB and +50.0dB. The set figure is added to the displayed reference level and to the
graticule values and marker readout.
For Compensation Table, the Select Table key opens a file list of stored compensation tables
that can be loaded. See section 7.9.2 for a full explanation.
Whenever offsets or compensations are active, a warning message is displayed at the top right
of the graticule. See section 7.9.1 for safety warnings on the use of these function.
4.4.5 Amplitude Limits (when fitted)
sets one or two horizontal lines or complex patterns that can be compared with the
sweep. This function is only available when the upgrade option U01 is fitted - see
section 6. Creates a set of bottom-row function keys as follows:
creates a control screen that enables the selection of lines and patterns or allows
existing ones to be turned on or off. When Set Line is pressed, the value can be
entered numerically in dBm or dBuV. When Select Pattern is pressed, a Recall File
screen is opened enabling a pattern to be loaded from a file. See section 7.10.1.
creates a pop-up menu that selects the criteria upon which a limit condition is
created. The options are None, Above, Below, Outside, or Inside.
creates a pop-up menu that selects an action that will be performed when the limit
condition occurs. The options are None, Beep, Pulse Out, or Beep + Pulse Out.
Note that other actions (sweep triggering or log file entry) can also be created from the limits
condition. Further information on the Limits function is given in section 7.10.
creates a control screen from which a limit can be offset from its initial values. This
is particularly useful for limit patterns which would otherwise have to be recreated.
See section 7.10.4 for more information.
enables a pattern that was created for a particular centre frequency (e.g., a
modulation channel width limit pattern) to be applied to a different centre frequency.
Pressing the key fixes the pattern relative to the screen and displays a message of
“Lim Fix” on the top RH side of the graticule. See section 7.10.5 for more information.
4.4.5.1 Channel Marker Files
A Channel Marker file is a special case of a Limit Pattern file which produces only vertical lines
at frequencies defined within the file. See section 7.10.6
Page 20
4.4.6 Overload Indication
Traces
Control
Trace
Mode
Trace
Stores
Marker
Setup
Marker
Control
Traces/
Markers
Traces
Control
View
View
Off/On
Swap
Ref.
Off/On
Live
Off/On
Signal levels that are greater than the reference level can not be displayed and may cause
errors in the measurement.
Two types of overload indication are provided. Signals that cause the trace to rise above the
reference level are indicated by a red arrow at the top of the graticule. Overload of the ADC is
indicated by a red background warning message below the graticule area. More information
about signal overload and measurement error is provided in section 7.1.
4.5 Controlling and Storing Traces and Images
This menu group controls the traces that appear on the screen (as well as the markers that are
used for measurement).
There are three traces: Live (green), View (white) and Reference (purple). Only the Live trace is
updated from the sweep. The View trace is a temporary copy of the live trace created whenever
the View key is pressed. The reference trace is recalled from a trace file stored within the
instrument. Trace files can be saved from either the live trace or the view trace. Complete
images of the screen can also be saved.
A further version of the Live trace is available when the Trace Mode is set to Peak-hold or
Average – see section 4.5.3.1.
4.5.1 Displaying Traces; Controlling the View Trace
enables each of the three trace types to be turned on or off, controls the View trace,
and enables traces and screen images to be stored and recalled. Creates a set of
bottom-row function keys as follows:
copies the current Live trace to the View trace and turns the View trace on if it was
off. The View trace sits behind the live trace and can therefore be partly obscured by
. This key duplicates the View hard key.
it
halts the live trace and swaps the order of the traces on the screen. Thus, the View
trace (white) sits in front of the halted live trace enabling it to be observed and
analyzed using the markers. When the sweep is restarted with the Sweep Control
key, the traces are swapped back so that the Live trace sits in front again.
toggles the View trace off, or back on without creating a new View.
toggles the Reference trace on or off.
toggles the Live trace on or off. If dual trace mode is selected both traces will be
turned on or off.
4.5.1.1 Understanding the Live, View and Reference Traces
The instrument can display three traces - Live, View and Reference which can be turned on or
off individually using the Show key. Only the Live trace is updated from the sweep.
Page 21
Note that a further version of the live trace is available when the Trace Mode is set to Peak-hold
Trace
Mode
Normal
Peak
Hold
Average
Reset
or Average, in which case up to four traces can be displayed – see section 4.5.3.1.
The Live trace is green and is normally on-top of the other traces. The Live trace can be
“frozen” at any time by pressing the Sweep Control key directly under the graticule (see section
2.4) or the hard key marked Run/Stop. This also stops the sweep.
The Live trace can be duplicated to the View trace by pressing View. This enables an “instance”
of the sweep to be captured without stopping the sweep. The View trace is white and is
normally located behind the Live trace. The View trace is retained when the instrument is turned
off.
The measurement markers normally operate on the Live trace. However, the Live and View
traces can be “swapped” by pressing the Swap key. This stops the sweep and causes the View
trace to be placed in front of the Live trace. When the traces are swapped, the measurement
markers operate on the View trace.
When the sweep is re-started (or the Swap key pressed again), the View and Live traces are
swapped back.
Either the Live trace or the View trace can be saved to a trace file (see section 5.1).
The Reference trace is purple and is always underneath the other traces if they are on. The
reference trace is created by recalling a trace file from the memory. Measurement markers
cannot be used on a Reference trace.
Note that the View and Reference traces relate to the frequency span, RBW and level settings
that existed when they were stored. Changing these parameters will result in the graticule
values and annotations no longer being correct for these traces.
However, it is possible to recall a Reference trace along with its State. This restores the
frequency span, RBW and level settings that existed when it was stored (see section 5.1).
4.5.2 Sweep Progress Indicator Line
There are two modes by which the live trace is updated from the sweep. For sweep times below
approximately 1 second, the trace is updated at the end of the sweep. For longer sweep times,
the trace is updated continuously while the sweep is taking place.
In this latter mode a yellow line appears at the bottom of the graticule indicating the progress of
the sweep through its span.
4.5.3 Setting the Trace Writing Mode
provides control of the way in which the sweep is written to the Live trace. Creates a
set of bottom-row function keys as follows:
each frequency point of the trace is written with the amplitude obtained from the
current sweep.
the trace is written with the highest amplitude value found for each frequency point
since the sweep mode was selected and sweeping commenced.
the trace is written with the average amplitude value over a number of sweeps.
operates in both Average and Peak hold modes and re-starts the averaging or peak
hold process from zero.
Page 22
opens a second set of action keys which are only active when either Peak Hold or
Average
Number
Trace
Stores
Store
Recall
-more1 of 2
Single
Trace
Dual
Trace
Swap
Traces
-more2 of 2
Average have been selected, as detailed below:
this is the default mode in which the “processed” trace (Peak Hold or Average) is
displayed in place of the Normal trace.
enables the Normal trace and the “processed” trace (Peak Hold or Average) to be
displayed simultaneously – see section 4.5.3.1. The default is for the Normal trace
to be displayed in front of the “processed” trace.
swaps the traces so that the “processed” trace is in front of the Normal trace – see
section 4.5.3.1.
creates a pop-up menu that enables the number of sweeps averaged to be set
between 2 and 48
returns to the first set of actions keys as detailed above.
4.5.3.1 Dual Trace Mode
.
When the trace writing mode is set to Peak Hold or Average, a dual trace mode can be selected
whereby the processed and un-processed traces are displayed simultaneously.
When first selected, the processed trace (Peak Hold or Average) will be shown in yellow with
the un-processed (Normal) trace shown in green in front of it. Pressing Swap Traces changes
this so that the processed trace is shown in green with the un-processed trace in yellow.
The green trace is always at the front and represents the true live trace. The yellow trace is
updated only at the end of each sweep which can result in it lagging the green trace.
Markers operate only on the green trace. Store functions (Store Trace and Log Trace) operate
only on the green trace.
4.5.4 Storing and Recalling Traces and Screen Images
Traces or complete Screen Images can be stored as files under automatically
incrementing names or user assigned names. Creates a set of bottom-row function
keys as follows:
enables the Live trace, the View trace, or a complete screen image, to be saved as
a file. See section 5.1 for a full description of the Store function.
enables a stored trace to be recalled to the Reference trace on the screen. The Ref
trace is purple and is always behind both the Live trace and the View trace. Recall
also enables stored screen images to be viewed. See section 5.2 for a full
description of the Recall function.
Page 23
4.6 Using Measurement Markers
Marker
Setup
Function
Fix /
Unfix M1
Move M2
to M1
Units
Select
Traces/
Markers
Traces
Control
Trace
Mode
Trace
Stores
Marker
Setup
Marker
Control
This menu group controls the markers that are used for measurement (as well as the traces
that appear on the screen).
There are two markers M1 and M2 which provide a readout of amplitude at any frequency point
on the trace. M2 can only be on if M1 is on, and the frequency difference between the two is
also shown. Markers can be set to automatically find peaks or track the largest peak.
4.6.1 Setting-up Markers
controls the visibility of the markers, their function, and their measurement units.
Creates a set of bottom-row function keys as follows:
creates a pop-up menu that enables the markers, M1 and M2, the be turned on or
off. Note that M2 can only be on if M1 is also on.
creates a pop-up menu that enables the marker measurement units to be set.
Graticule Units provides logarithmic measurements in dBm or dBuV (as set within
the Level/Limits > Units/Graticule menu). uW (micro watts) or mV (millivolts)
changes the marker measurement to the appropriate linear scaling.
creates a pop-up menu with a choice of Scroll, Peak Find, or Peak Track modes. In
Scroll mode a single press of the Move Left/Right keys cause the selected marker to
move in one-pixel steps (i.e., a frequency step of span/270), whilst holding a key
down auto-repeats in larger steps.
In Peak Find mode the Move Left/Right keys cause the selected marker to jump to the next
peak of the trace in that direction. In Peak Track mode, the marker will attempt to maintain its
position on the highest peak of the trace even when the peak frequency is changing (see
section 4.6.2.2 for a fuller explanation of Peak Find/Track modes).
The current mode of a marker is shown on the left-hand side of the marker read out. Two
horizontal arrows indicate scroll mode whereas an upwards vertical arrow indicates peak-find
mode. An upward arrow followed by a small T indicates peak-track mode.
A frequency counter can be selected to operate at the active marker point causing a short
pause as the measurement takes place. This can be turned on or off from the Function key
pop-up. The counter resolution is set from Setup/Functions>Freq. Counter, see section 4.7.3.
fixes the amplitude reading of the M1 marker so that it no longer follows level
changes from the sweep. The marker readout is preceded with the word “Fix”.
Pressing it again, or pressing either marker “move” keys, restores normal operation.
moves the M2 marker to the frequency position of the M1 marker (also turns M2 on
if it was off). This is intended for use with the Fix M1 function to enable amplitude
changes at a specific frequency to be monitored.
Page 24
4.6.2 Controlling Markers
Marker
Control
Move
Left
M1/M2
Active
Move
Right
Move to
Centre
M1 /M2
Set
controls the frequency position of the markers. Creates a set of bottom-row function
keys as follows:
selects which marker is controlled by the marker movement keys. The active marker
is indicated by an arrow (>) in front of its readout.
enables the frequency position of the active marker to be set numerically using
similar frequency entry screens as for Set Centre (see section 4.1.1). Note that the
marker position can be set outside of the current span and therefore off the screen.
moves the active marker to the sweep centre frequency (i.e., the centre of the
trace). This is particularly useful if the active marker is off the screen.
moves the active marker left or right either in frequency steps or from
peak to peak of the trace depending on the Marker Mode (Scroll or Peak
Find). In Scroll mode, a single press moves one pixel on the display and
holding the key down causes it to move continuously in steps of about ten pixels.
4.6.2.1 Controlling Markers with the Hard Keys
The normal function of the five “navigator” hard keys in the
centre of the instrument is to control the markers. This allows
control at all times without the need to select the Marker Setup
or Marker Control sub-group menus.
When the navigator keys are in this mode, the round key
marked Control Markers is illuminated. If not, pressing the key
will restore this mode. Pressing the key repeatedly cycles
through selection of the visible markers (Both Off > M1 Only >
M1 and M2 > Both Off).
Pressing the centre button on the navigator toggles the active marker between M1 and M2 or
turns M2 on if it is off. Pressing the Up key selects Peak Find function, while pressing the Down
key select Scroll function. Whenever the Up key is pressed, the selected marker will jump to the
highest peak.
The Left and Right keys move the active marker left or right either in screen resolution steps or
from peak to peak of the trace depending on the function.
Whenever the navigator mode is changed, an information box appears. This alert can be turned
off if preferred - see section 4.9.3.3.
4.6.2.2 Further Notes on the Use of Markers
Function = Peak Find
Peak Find mode is selected from Marker Setup > Function or from the Navigate Up hard key
and is indicated by an upwards arrow on the left-hand side of the marker readout. The mode is
selected for the marker that is currently active.
Pressing the Navigate Up hard key places the currently selected marker on the largest peak of
the trace.
Pressing the Move Left/Right keys will cause the instrument to attempt to position the marker
on the next peak of the trace in that direction. The peak-find algorithm may sometimes place
the marker on the rising or falling edge of a peak and its performance will depend upon signal
and noise levels.
Function = Scroll
Scroll mode is selected from Marker Setup > Function or from the Navigate Down hard key and
is indicated by two horizontal arrows on the left-hand side of the marker readout. The mode is
selected for the marker that is currently active.
Page 25
Function = Peak Track
Peak Track mode can only be selected for M1. It is selected from Marker Setup > Function and
is indicated by an upwards arrow followed by a capital T on the left-hand side of the marker
readout.
When selected the marker will attempt to track the highest peak of the live trace.
Marker Frequency Precision
The frequency position of a marker is always shown to a resolution of 0.0001MHz (100Hz).
However, the actual position of the marker is a function of the span. If, for example, the span is
set to 50MHz, each frequency point on the trace represents a “bucket” of frequencies 185kHz
wide (span/270).
If the marker is set using the Move Left/Right keys, it will give a frequency readout equal to the
upper frequency of the bucket. If the marker is set numerically to a specific frequency using
Manual Set, the marker position on screen will jump to the upper frequency of the bucket that
contains that numerical value.
If the span is reduced, the accuracy of the marker frequency readout improves. However, it is
only when the span is reduced to 27kHz that the marker frequency position becomes accurate
to 100Hz.
The Frequency Counter function can be used to measure the carrier signal frequency at the
marker point precisely.
“Off Screen” Markers
Markers are positioned by absolute frequency. Consequently, when the frequency span of the
sweep is changed, the marker may no longer appear within the trace area. This is indicated by
an arrow within the marker readout replacing the amplitude value.
The frequency position of the marker is retained, but no amplitude information is available. If the
frequency span is subsequently changed to include the marker frequency, it will reappear in the
correct position.
Pressing the Navigate Up hard key (Peak Find mode) will bring the marker on screen at the
highest level in the trace.
Re-positioning a marker using the Move Left/Right keys will cause it to reappear immediately
from the appropriate side of the graticule. Alternatively pressing Marker>Centre in the Marker
Control sub-group menu will cause it to appear in the centre of the screen.
Marker Mode Symbols
Marker Difference Readout
If both markers are turned on, the difference in frequency and level is shown in grey underneath
as MΔ. The readout represents the M2 values minus the M1 values (M2 - M1).
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4.7 Instrument Setups and Additional Functions
Freq.
Counter
Setups
System/
File Ops
Setup/
Functions
Timer
Setup
Log
Type
Log
Trigger
Log
Control
Freq.
Counter
Toggle
On/Off
Set
Resolutn
Data
Data
Logging
This menu group controls logging and store/recall of instrument set-ups and access to system
functions and file operations, which are covered in the following section - section 4.8.
4.7.1 The Data Logging Function (when fitted)
Logging is only available when the upgrade option U01 is fitted. Logging enables
Logging
trace. Screen Image logs the whole screen as a bit-map image.
files containing multiple traces, screen images or peak values to be created in
response to trigger events or a timer. Creates a set of bottom-row function keys as
follows:
creates a pop-up menu that enables the type of log file to be selected. Centre
Amplitude logs only the amplitude at the centre frequency. Peak Value logs the
frequency and amplitude of the highest peak in every sweep. Trace logs the whole
creates a pop-up menu that enables selection of the trigger event that will cause
each logging entry. The options are Manual, Timer, Ext +ve, Ext -ve, Limits and
Continuous.
enables the time interval between logging events to be set. The timer value is only
used when the log trigger is set to Timer.
opens a new control menu from which the logging function to be controlled
(see section 7.11.1).
For a more detailed description of the Logging function see section 7.11 .
4.7.2 Frequency Counter Options
A frequency counter can be selected to operate at the active marker point causing a
short pause as the measurement takes place. The counter provides much higher
accuracy than the marker readout since the latter is related to the span (accuracy =
span/270).
turns the counter function on or off. Note that the counter can also be turned on or
off from the Marker Function key pop-up – see section 4.6.1.
enables the resolution of the counter to be set to 1kHz, 100Hz or 10Hz. The
measurement time is approximately 200ms for 1kHz resolution, 210ms for 100Hz
resolution, and 300ms for 10Hz resolution.
Frequency measurement is performed at the active marker frequency at the end of the sweep.
Note that the counter requires a signal to be continuously present at the marker point during the
period when the measurement is made. Modulation and other signal disturbances will cause the
counter reading to jitter.
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4.8 Storing and Recalling Set-ups | System Settings
Freq.
Counter
Setups
System/
File Ops
Setup/
Functions
Setups
Store
Setup
Recall
Setup
Load
Defaults
System/
File Ops
Display
Darker
Display
Brighter
Status/
System
File Ops
Presets
Data
Logging
This menu group controls storing and recalling complete instrument set-ups, and access to
system functions such as screen brightness and file operations (as well logging when fitted see section 4.7.1).
4.8.1 Storing and Recalling Instrument Setups
enables the complete setup of the instrument to be stored and recalled via user
nameable files. See section 9.2.5 for an explanation of setup files. Creates a set of
bottom-row function keys as follows:
opens the Presets menu, duplicating the action of the PRESET hard key
(see section 4.10).
opens the store and recall control screens for setup files. See sections
5.3 for a description of the store screens, and section 5.4 for a
description of the recall screen.
loads the factory default setup, thus restoring the instrument status to its original exfactory settings – see section 18. No user-created files are modified or deleted.
4.8.2 System Settings, Screen Brightness, Filing System and USB Operations
provides access to some system and file
management options, including screen
brightness and file transfer via USB.
Creates a set of bottom-row function keys as follows:
opens the System Utilities special menu,
which is also available via the Status/Help
hard key (see section 4.9)
enables file management in terms of
renaming, deleting, and copying of files to
or from a Flash Memory Drive or a PC using the USB link (see section 5.6).
changes the screen brightness and provides a bar graph showing the
current brightness level.
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4.9 Status Information | On-screen Help | System Utilities
Status
/System
Calibrate
Screen
Screen
View
On PC
Context
Help
System
Help
This menu group is accessed using the hard key marked STATUS/Help or by the soft key
Setup/Functions > System/File-Ops > Status/System.
When the key is pressed, the normal key menu is
replaced by a special menu as shown opposite.
4.9.1 Status Display
When the Status/System key is selected, the top part
of the screen is replaced by a detailed listing of the
current instrument setup conditions.
The status information is split over four pages. Press
Status again to access the next page or press Exit to
return to normal operation and restore the menu
group and sub-group that were in place when the
Status hard key was pressed.
4.9.2 Help Screens
Help information is available from the same menu
system as is status, by pressing the Help key.
Topics
Move Up/Down and confirm with Select Topic.
brings up a topics list from which all of the
individual help screens can be selected.
Select the required menu sub-group using
brings up a help screen relevant to the
menu sub-group that was in use prior to the Status/Help key being pressed. Context
Help may cover several pages, these are
selected with the Next/Prev Page keys.
brings up a help screen describing the utilities menu.
Pressing Exit when displaying a Help screen returns the analyzer to normal operation.
4.9.3 System Utilities
Pressing Setup/Functions > System/File-Ops > Status/ System, or the Status hard
key brings up a sub-group menu as follows:
4.9.3.1 Screen Utilities
enables aspects of the TFT colour screen to be adjusted. Creates a set of bottomrow function keys as follows:
opens a calibration screen for the touch screen. (The touch screen is a resistive
layer which overlays the TFT screen. From time to time it may be necessary to recalibrate the positional accuracy of the system).
Calibration must be done using a stylus, and the centre of the “bulls’ eye” must be touched
accurately in each of three positions. To abort the calibration, press the Exit hard key.
View on PC is only available with the upgrade option U01 is fitted. It places the
instrument into a special mode in which the graphics of the display are sent to a PC
via USB. See section 17 (Appendix A).
Page 29
opens an information box explaining where the screen brightness controls are
Bright
Pwr-On
State
Auto
Off
Power/
Clock
Set Date
& Time
Alerts
System
Update
Update
Firmware
Navig.
Prompt
Calibrate
Hardware
Install
Options
Beep
Level**
located (Setup/Functions > System/File Ops). This is because screen brightness
should be adjusted with the trace and graticule displayed rather than the status
screen.
4.9.3.2 Power Options, Power-on State, Clock Setting
enables aspects of the power on-off system to be set, along with the real-time clock.
Creates a set of bottom-row function keys as follows:
opens a dialogue box from which the date and time can be set for the real-time
clock. Times are in 24-hour format and dates are day-month-year.
creates a pop-up menu that enables the instrument to be automatically turned off
after a period of inactivity. Options are Never and 5 mins to 60 mins. Auto Off
ceases to operate when the instrument is externally powered.
creates a pop-up menu that enables the condition of the instrument at switch-on to
be set. Options are Last Used (restore the settings that existed at switch off), or
User Preset (over-ride previous settings with those defined in the User Preset - see
section 4.10.1).
4.9.3.3 Alerts
enables certain elements of the user interface to be turned on or off. Creates a set
of bottom-row function keys as follows:
creates a pop-up menu that enables the warning beep to be turned on or off. Beeps
are created in response to illegal operations such as setting an out-of-range value
creates a pop-up menu that enables the information boxes that confirm and explain
the current mode of the navigator keys (control markers or navigate touch screen) to
be turned on or off.
4.9.3.4 System Updating and Calibration
enables updating of the instrument firmware or recalibration of the instrument.
Creates a set of bottom-row function keys as follows:
opens a dialogue box which enables the instrument to be recalibrated. Recalibration
should only be performed by skilled personnel with access to precision equipment
and in conjunction with the Service Guide.
enables firmware-based options to be installed. See section 11.1.
enables firmware updates to be installed. See section 11.1 .
4.10 Using Instrument Presets | Automatic Setting
This special menu is accessed using the hard key marked PRESET (Presets/Auto). Its function
is to enable the overall setup of the instrument to be changed quickly to suit specific
requirements.
Page 30
complete.
Standard
Preset
User
Preset
Auto
Set
Recall
Setup
Restore
Previous
Standard
Preset
Auto
Set
Recall
Setup
Restore
Previous
Execute
User
Preset
Exit
Presets
Help
Custom
Presets
sets the frequency, level and sweep parameters back to known state and cancels
the more complex functions of the instrument (see section 10.2).
sets the frequency, level and sweep parameters back to defined state as set by the
user. It is initially identical to the Standard Preset but can be modified by the user to
match their specific preferences - see section 4.10.1.
performs a maximum-span sweep at the widest RBW and then sets the centre
frequency, span, RBW and Level to create a useful display of the highest amplitude
point found within the initial sweep. The Auto Set function takes several seconds to
goes directly to the Recall Setup control screen from which any setup file can be
recalled.
restores the setup to its condition at the point that the Presets hard key was
pressed.
executes the operation selected by any of the above keys.
this is only available when the upgrade option U01 is fitted. Custom Presets enables
multiple presets to be saved/recalled just by entering a number.
creates a Help screen specific to the Presets function.
restores the menu and sub-group menu that were in place when the Presets hard
key was pressed.
4.10.1 The User Preset
The User Preset is a user-modified version of the Standard Preset. To change the action of the
user preset, set up the spectrum analyzer as required and select Save Current from the User
Preset function keys. The parameters as described in section 10.2 will be overwritten by their
current values.
If preferred, the User Preset can be loaded whenever the instrument is switched back on from
off - see section 4.9.3.2.
4.10.2 Custom Presets (when fitted)
Custom Presets is only available when Option U01 is fitted. It enables multiple presets to be
saved/recalled just by entering a number. See section 7.3.5.
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5 File Storage for Traces, Screen Images & Set-ups
Quick
Save
Save
As
The instrument incorporates a large Flash based disk drive for the storage of a variety of
different file types including Traces, Screen Images, and Instrument Set-ups. When the
upgrade pack (U01) is fitted it may also include Logging Files, Limit Pattern Tables and
Amplitude Compensation Tables.
The instrument filing system provides a consistent method for storing, recalling, renaming,
deleting, and copying files. Files can be transferred to and from a personal computer for
backup, analysis, printing, and documentation purposes.
Whenever files are being accessed, the front panel LED marked Disk flashes. Depending upon
the file operation in progress, there may be a significant delay before further key operations are
possible.
5.1 Storing Traces or Screens
Storing of Traces or Screen Images is controlled
from the menu function:
Traces/Markers > Traces/Stores > Store.
(As described in section 4.5.4)
This function enables a trace or screen image to be
stored as a file within the internal memory. (N.B.
external memory cannot be used to store files
directly, although files can be copied to external
memory later).
The menu keys are replaced by a control screen as
shown.
The top row of keys sets what will be stored: the Live
Trace, the View Trace, or a Screen Image. The
currently selected file type is shown in the green box
above the keys.
See section 9.2 for an explanation of Trace files and
Screen Image files.
There are two methods for saving to a file: Quick Save and Save As.
stores the trace or screen under an automatically incrementing name (e.
TRACE001 etc.) as set by the Default name as described below in section 5.1.1.1.
The key can be pressed repeatedly to store traces/images as they appear. The next
name that will be used is shown in yellow within the area above the keys.
halts the trace update (causing the
sweep status key to go to Pause) and
enters the next screen as shown.
The auto-allocated file name is shown (based upon
the current default file name) and pressing Save will
store the file under that name. However, the option
also exists to change the name before saving.
Pressing C
keypad which can be used to enter any name of up
to eight characters that the user may choose. See
section 5.6.1.
Pressing Save c
under the chosen name. The default name can also be changed by pressing Change Default.
Any name of up to five characters can be used - see section 5.1.1.1 below.
hange Name brings up an alpha-numeric
ompletes the storing of the file
g.,
It is also possible to delete or rename files from this screen by pressing File Utilities
section 5.5.
Page 32
- see
5.1.1.1 Default File Name Rules
Default names are always five characters long, but the user can choose to enter less than five
characters and the system will add the appropriate number of underscores at the end. The five
characters are followed by a three-digit number that starts at 001 and auto-increments up to
999.
Deleting files will have no effect on the increment system so that, if the user had created fifteen
files and then deleted them all, the next file saved would still have the number 016. Should the
number reach 999, the auto increment will start again at 001. If this file already exists, the user
will be prompted to delete or rename files or to change the default name.
If the user needs to check the list of existing stored files, or to rename or delete files, this can be
done by pressing File Utilities - see section 5.5.
5.2 Recalling Traces and Images
The Recall function from the Traces/Stores sub-group
menu (see section 4.5.4) creates a control screen as
shown.
The top line of keys enables the selection of the type of
file to be recalled.
Trace files can be recalled in three different ways,
Trace & State, Trace Only, or State Only
See section 9.2.3 for an explanation.
Screen images can also be recalled from this screen. A recalled screen image overwrites the
existing graticule and annotation area. Recalling an image takes around three seconds, with the
image building from the bottom upwards.
Pressing Recall File opens a file list which can show any of the currently stored files of the
selected type. See section 5.4 for an explanation of the File Recall screen.
Pressing Recall Next or Recall Prev. recalls the next or previous file in the list without the need
to re-enter the File Recall screen. This is particularly useful when searching through stored
screen images.
5.2.1 Traces and States
A trace file represents the swept trace as it appears upon the screen along with information that
defines the frequency span, RBW, VBW and reference level at the time that it was stored. The
latter information is referred to as the State.
When a trace file is recalled, the user can choose to recall the whole file (Recall Trace & State),
the trace amplitude values only (Recall Trace) or the State values only (Recall State).
Whenever the State is recalled, the spectrum analyser set-up is changed to match the
parameters within the recalled file.
Page 33
5.3 Storing Instrument Set-up Files
Storing of Instrument Set-ups is controlled from the
menu function:
Setup/Functions > Setups > Store Setup.
(As described in section 4.8.1)
This function enables a complete instrument set-up to
be stored as a file within the internal memory. (N.B.
external memory cannot be used to store files
directly, although files can be copied to external
memory later).
The menu keys are replaced by a control screen as
shown.
The auto-allocated file name is shown (based upon
the current default file name) and pressing Save will
store the file under that name. However, the option
also exists to change the name before saving.
Pressing Change Name brings up an alpha-numeric keypad (see illustration in section 5.6.1)
which can be used to enter any name of up to eight characters that the user may choose.
In the event that a file with that name already exists, a warning message will be displayed.
The default name can also be changed by pressing Change Default.
characters can be used - see section 5.1.1.1
It is also possible to delete or rename files from this screen by pressing File Utilities
section 5.5.
Any name of up to five
- see
5.4 File Recall Screen
The recall screen for any file type uses the whole of
the display area in order to include a file list. The list
consists of the file name (without its extension) the
date of storage (in format dd/mm/yy) and the time of
storage (in 24-hour format hh:mm). A moveable
pointer operated by the Up and Down keys shows
which file is to be executed.
The keys that control the file selection are in a vertical
list on the right-hand side.
One screen can show 20 files simultaneously.
Pressing Page Up or Page Down scrolls through the
files in blocks of twenty.
By default, files appear within the list in date/time
order with the oldest files at the top.
Pressing All Files returns to this listing type at any
time.
Pressing Latest Files will show a screen of up to 20
files that represent the most recently stored or recalled
files.
Files can also be found from their starting character
using File A-Z.
Pressing Find A-Z brings up an alpha numeric
keyboard. When a character is pressed the keypad
disappears and the listing then shows only files that start with that character.
Pressing Recall executes the file operation.
It is also possible to delete or rename files from this screen by pressing File Utilities
section 5.5.
- see
Page 34
5.5 File Utilities Screen
Store and Recall screens include a File Utilities key which enables files to be renamed or
deleted.
The layout is similar to a File Recall screen - see section 5.4 .
Pressing Rename brings up the alpha-numeric keypad from which the file name can be
changed.
See section 5.6.1 for an explanation of file renaming.
Pressing Delete asks for confirmation before permanently deleting the selected file.
5.6 File Operations Screen
The File Operations screen is an extended version of
the File Utilities screen provided for Store and Recall.
It can be used for all types of files, supports external
Flash memory drives, and also provides access for
the “Link to PC” USB connection.
File Operations is selected from the Setup/Functions
menu:
Setup/Functions > System/FileOps > File Ops.
The upper row of keys enables the file type to be
selected (Traces, Images, Setups etc.).
The upper section of the screen shows a file list for
the selected file type and is similar to the File Utilities
screen except that the options of Latest Files and Find
A-Z are not available.
The lower row of keys provides further options and
actions.
Pressing Switch Drive enables the files present on an
external USB Flash drive to be listed in place of the
internal drive. If no external drive is connected, the
key will have no effect.
Pressing the key repeatedly alternates between the
two drives. The currently selected drive is displayed
within the green box.
Page 35
On the first occasion that the external drive is accessed there will be a delay and a warning
message will be displayed - see section 9.1.2.
Pressing Link to PC causes all spectrum analyzer
operation to be suspended and enables a connection
to be made to a personal computer.
See section 9.1.3 for a detailed explanation.
Pressing File Actions changes the screen to provide
options of Rename, Delete or Copy.
Rename and delete operate in a similar way as for
the File Utilities screen - see section 5.5.
The Copy function copies a file from the currently selected drive. Files can therefore be copied
from the internal drive to the external drive or vice versa by using Switch Drive on the previous
screen.
It is also possible to copy all files of the selected file type by using Copy All.
5.6.1 Editing File Names
Editing a file name (Store File screen) or renaming a
file (File Utilities or File Ops screens) uses an alpha
numeric key matrix. The matrix replaces the upper
screen area.
The whole of the required name must be entered. It is
not possible to edit an existing name character by
character.
The new name appears at the bottom of the screen
replacing the eight triangles shown in the illustration.
Names can be from one to eight characters long and
can include upper case letters, numbers, dash (-),
and underscore (_).
Corrections can be made during entry using the backspace key.
In the event that a file with that name already exists, a
warning message will be displayed.
Pressing Save applies the new name and returns to
the previous screen.
Pressing Back returns to the previous screen without
applying the new name.
Pressing Exit leaves the selected filing system
function immediately.
Page 36
5.6.2 File Names Created or Renamed Externally
Files may be created externally or created within the instrument and renamed externally (e.g.,
using Link to PC mode). Such files may have long file names and/or include lower case
characters and additional characters such as ?.
The instrument will correctly list all such files that conform with an 8.3 naming system, and
which have the correct extension for the relevant folder. Where the file name exceeds eight
characters, it will truncate the file name using a ~1 convention.
Files with the wrong extension, or which have been placed in the wrong folder will not be visible
to the instrument filing system. See section 9.2 for a description of file types and their file
extensions.
6 Upgrade Option U01
The capabilities of the instrument can be enhanced by installing the upgrade option U01 which
adds additional firmware to the instrument.
Option U01 can be downloaded from the Aim-TTi website and can be installed by the user
without any requirement to return the instrument to its supplier. Activation of the upgrade is
achieved via an activation code which can be purchased from Aim-TTi, or from our distributors
and agents across the world.
6.1 Additional Functions from Option U01
Installing Option U01 provides the additional functions listed below. Further functions may have
been added since this manual was written - see the Aim-TTi website for up-to-date information.
6.1.1 Logging of Values, Traces or Screens
The Logging function enables results to be saved into log files in response to a timer or to a
trigger event. Individual amplitude values, complete traces, or full screen images can be saved.
See section 4.7.1 for more information.
6.1.2 Triggering
The triggering function enables sweeps or logging to be triggered in response to an internal or
external trigger event. The internal trigger event can be generated by the Limits function.
See section 7.8 for more information.
6.1.3 Limit Lines, Limit Patterns & Channel Markers
Limit lines and patterns can be shown on the display and compared with the trace. They can be
used to trigger a logging event, generate an audible warning, or output a trigger pulse.
Limit lines are simple horizontal lines whereas limit patterns are frequency dependent amplitude
limits that are stored as files. Two limits can be used simultaneously. Channel markers are a
special version of a limit pattern that creates only vertical lines.
See section 7.10 for more information.
6.1.4 Level Offsets
The level offset function enables the level values for the graticule and markers to be corrected
for external attenuation or gain. Compensation can also be made for signals coming from a 75Ω
source.
6.1.5 Compensation Tables
Compensation tables are lists of amplitude versus frequency which enable frequency related
amplitude variations from antennae or transducers to be compensated for within the spectrum
analyzer. Compensation tables are stored as files. See section 7.9.2 for more information.
Page 37
6.1.6 Custom Presets
Custom Presets enables multiple presets (set-ups) to be saved/recalled just by entering a
number. See section 7.3.5.
6.1.7 View on PC
View on PC places the instrument into a special mode in which the graphics of the display are
sent to a PC via USB. The screen can then be viewed at any size using Test Bridge PSA PC
software. See section 17 (Appendix A) for more information.
6.1.8 Test Bridge PSA Software
Test Bridge PSA is a Windows based software application which is used in conjunction with the
instrument. It provides the capability for displaying and printing Traces and Screen Images,
display and analysis of Log files, and creation of Limit Patterns and Compensation Tables.
See section 17 (Appendix A) for more information.
Test Bridge PSA software is free to download from the software or support section of the AimTTi website. It has limited functionality for instruments that do not have option U01 fitted but can
be useful for displaying and printing traces and screen images.
7 Further Notes on Operation
7.1 Signal Overload Levels and Indication
The maximum input level without damage is +23dBm or +130dBuV of RF power
(approximately 4 volts RMS), or 50V DC (above 50MHz, see 2.1.2) . The maximum
signal that can be measured is +10dBm with the Reference level set to +10dBm.
Signals that would cause the trace to rise above the reference level are indicated by a red
arrow at the top of the graticule. However, no indication is given if the trace is above (or below)
the graticule as a result of Scale/Shift, Offset or Compensation Table, provided that it is below
the reference level.
Large signals outside of the displayed span can cause measurement errors because of
overload in the analog mixers and amplifiers. Consequently, a full-span sweep should be run to
check for any high-level signals within the frequency range of the analyzer.
7.1.1 ADC Overload
For spans below 10MHz, overload of the ADC can occur from signals that do not cause a
normal overload indication (the red arrow at the top of the graticule). Overload of the ADC is
indicated by a red background warning message below the graticule area.
Signals that are more than 10MHz away from the centre of the current span will have a rapidly
decreasing effect. Possible causes of overload can be checked by performing a sweep with a
span of 40MHz or wider. As a general guide, signals of up to 40dB above the chosen reference
level (absolute maximum +23dBm (above 50MHz, see 2.1.2)), that are more than 20MHz away
from the centre of the desired span, should not cause ADC overload.
7.2 Operation using the Hard Keys Only
Although the instrument is designed to be operated via the touch
screen, it is also possible to operate it using only the hard keys.
This may be appropriate in particular circumstances such as
when the user is wearing gloves.
Hard-key-only operation is activated by pressing the circular
button marked Navigate Screen which then illuminates. This
changes the function of the five Navigator keys from controlling
Page 38
the Markers to controlling the position of the on-screen key highlight.
Set
Centre
The highlight position is shown by a change in the key colour to purple. Pressing the centre
button operates the key.
Normal menu functions can be operated in this way. Pop-up menus and other special function
screens can be exited by pressing the EXIT hard key. An exception is the Set by Tab/Jog
function, described in section 7.3.2 , where the horizontal and vertical navigator keys operate
the tab and jog functions respectively.
Note that, if a touch-screen key is pressed directly, the "hard-key only" mode is cancelled, and
the Navigate Screen button ceases to be illuminated. To re-enable the mode, the button must
be pressed again.
Whenever the navigator mode is changed, an information box appears similar to that shown
above. If preferred, this reminder can be turned off - see section 4.9.3.3.
7.3 Setting Frequencies
The control screens used for setting frequencies are common to Set Centre, Set Span, Set
Start, Set Stop, Set Step and Marker Manual Set. The following illustrated example is for Set
Centre but is similar for all other frequency setting functions.
pressing this key will bring up either the Set by Keypad screen or the Set by Tab/Jog
screen depending upon which one was last used for setting that frequency
parameter.
7.3.1 Set by Keypad
This control screen replaces the menu with a 0 to 9 keypad.
The frequency is entered in MHz using the decimal point if
required (maximum resolution 0.0001MHz). Frequencies
can be entered just to the resolution required – following
digits become zeros.
Entry errors can be corrected with the back-space key ().
Note: In scenarios where a ‘’ & ‘+/-‘key are valid, the
key will appear after the first digit is entered, replacing the
+/- key.
Pressing OK sets the entered frequency without leaving the
control screen. The frequency value is cleared ready for
entering a new value.
Pressing OK & Exit sets the entered frequency and returns to the menu.
Pressing Exit/Cancel returns to the menu without setting the entered frequency.
Pressing Toggle Last returns the frequency to the value directly prior to the last frequency entry.
Pressing Tab/Jog changes to the alternate control screen as detailed below.
7.3.2 Set by Tab/Jog
This control screen replaces the menu with a display of the
existing frequency and enables it to be changed.
Pressing either of the Tab keys moves the arrows left or
right along the digits.
Pressing either of the Jog keys increments or decrements
the value of that digit.
The Jog keys auto-repeat, and the new frequency is accepted and executed after a delay of
around two seconds.
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Pressing Exit returns to the menu. Pressing Set by Keypad changes to the alternate control
screen as detailed above.
Note that when Navigate Screen mode is selected, the navigator keys perform the tab/jog
function directly - see section 7.1.
7.3.3 Shortcuts to setting a Specific Frequency Span
Narrower Span
Having set a frequency span in which the signals of interest are visible, the user may wish to
examine a specific part of the span at greater resolution.
If the point of interest is the highest level within the current sweep, it can be moved to the centre
of the screen from the Centre sub-group menu (Freq/Span > Centre > Set C=Pk).
Alternatively, marker M1 can be placed at the point of interest and moved to the centre of the
screen from the Centre sub-group menu (Freq/Span > Centre > Set C=M1).
Once the point of interest is in the centre of the screen, the resolution can be increased using
the Zoom In function from the Span sub-group menu (Freq/Span > Span > Zoom In/Out).
An alternative method which enables a more precise span to be set is to place marker M1 at
the start of the area of interest and marker M2 at its end. The new span is then set from the
Start/Stop sub-group menu (Freq/Span > Start/Stop > Start=M1, Stop=M2).
Wider Span
Having set a frequency span in which the signals of interest are visible, the user may wish to
examine a wider span in order to see further signals not currently visible.
One method of doing this is to zoom out from the Span sub-group menu (Freq/Span > Span >
Zoom) which shows frequencies both above and below the current span.
Alternatively, the user may wish to look only at frequencies above (or below) the current span.
This can be done from the Start/Stop sub-group menu (Freq/Span > Start/Stop > Fix Start or
Stop). Once the start or stop frequency is fixed, the word Fix is displayed next to its frequency
at the top of the screen. The Step Up and Step-down keys can then be used to increase or
decrease the opposite frequency only. Pressing the key again will cancel the condition. See
section 4.1.3.
7.3.4 Repetitive Operations
A common requirement for a spectrum analyzer user is to change repetitively between two or
more frequency ranges. The PSAxx03 provides several methods for doing this.
1. When setting the centre frequency using the keyboard, the Previous key can be used to
toggle between two centre frequencies - see section 7.3.1. The same facility is provided for Set
Span, Set Start and Set Stop.
2. Frequency Presets, selected via the Frequency/Span menu group, enable up to six
frequency spans to be stored and rapidly recalled - see section 4.1.5. Only Centre/Span or the
equivalent Start/Stop frequencies are stored. Other parameters such as RBW are not affected
(unless set to Auto).
3. Trace States are files which contain not only the frequency span, but the RBW, the Level
setting and the graticule scale and units. Up to 999 trace files can be stored and are recalled
from the Traces/Stores control screen - see section 4.5.1.
4. The hard key marked “Presets” brings up a menu of set-up states - see section 4.10. Note,
however, that these change many parameters of the instrument simultaneously.
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7.3.5 Using Custom Presets (when fitted)
Custom Presets is only available when Option U01
is fitted. It is accessed using the Presets hard key see section 4.10.
Pressing the Custom Presets key brings up a menu
as shown.
Custom Presets is an extended version of the User Preset from which multiple presets can be
saved or recalled by entering just a number. To save a new preset, set up the instrument as
required and press the Save Preset key followed by a number.
Each Preset is a special type of Setup file stored in the SETUPS directory with a file name of
the form $PST0001 where the $ is fixed and the next three characters (default PST) can be
changed to create multiple groups of presets. The last four characters represent the number by
which the preset is saved or recalled. Any number in the range 1 to 9999 can be used, although
the number of presets simultaneously available is set by the directory limit of 999 files.
Applications for which Custom Presets might be used include frequency selection via channel
numbers, or repetitive steps within a test environment.
7.3.6 Creating Channel Markers (when fitted)
Channel markers are only available when Option U01 is fitted and provide a convenient method
of showing multiple fixed frequency points on the display via vertical lines that overlay or
replace the graticule.
They are created via a special type of limit pattern file. See section 7.10.6 for details.
7.4 Measuring Relative Amplitude
When both measurement markers are turned on, a readout is provided of the difference
between them in terms of both frequency and level.
A common requirement is to measure the signal amplitude at a specific frequency under
different conditions. The PSAxx03 provides a convenient method of doing this.
Having measured the amplitude in the initial condition using marker M1, the value can be fixed
from the Marker Setup sub-group menu (Traces/Markers > Marker Setup > Fix/Unfix M1). The
M1 readout shows Fx at the left-hand side. With the new condition applied, the measurement
can be made again by moving M2 to the same frequency using the key Move M2 to M1. The
difference in amplitude level can then be read directly.
To return M1 to normal operation, press Fix/Unfix M1 again. See section 4.6.1.
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7.5 Sweep Times
Sweep times are a function of frequency span and RBW/VBW. Generally, the sweep time
varies in a direct relationship with the span and an inverse relationship with the RBW. For
narrow spans and/or wide RBWs, the minimum sweep time of just under 0.1 seconds will apply.
Note, however, that the maximum display update rate is limited to about five per second.
Where the sweep time is significantly longer than the minimum, the user is able to decrease the
sweep time by a target factor of 2, 5 or 10 (F1, F2 or F3) from the Sweep Time menu (see
section 4.1.6). This has a relatively small effect upon signal amplitude accuracy and can be
very useful when faster response is important.
The degree of speed up actually achieved is dependent primarily on the RBW. For a 1kHz RBW
and 1MHz span the normal sweep time is 12.8 seconds, but this can be reduced to 1.2 seconds
by selecting F3. However, for wider RBWs the degree of speed up is reduced.
7.6 Radiated and Injected Signals
7.6.1 Self-radiated Signals
In common with most handheld spectrum analyzers, low level signals generated from the
internal circuitry can be picked up with an antenna.
Indicative measurements made with a 30cm (12”) whip antenna, mounted directly onto the
signal connector and extending in line with the instrument, showed self-radiated peaks typically
around -90dBm. Connecting the same antenna at the end of a 1m (3ft) extension cable and
moving it away from the instrument reduced these to below the noise floor at maximum
sensitivity.
7.6.2 External Signal Injection
The RF circuitry of the instrument is extensively screened in order to avoid signals being picked
up via any route other than through the signal connector. Nevertheless, very high field
strengths, as might be created by a transmitter in close proximity, could cause measurement
errors through direct radiated signal injection. The vulnerability to this increases with increasing
frequency.
If such measurement errors are suspected, a measurement should be done with a N-Type
shorting connector in place, in order to quantify the effect.
7.7 Detector Types
The detector converts the signals captured during the sweep into the set of DC levels that are
shown on the display. A full explanation of detector types is outside the scope of this manual,
but some basic explanation is given here.
Each sample point on the display is a representation of the signal levels found within the range
of frequencies defined by each sample point. For example, a span of 27MHz results in each
display point representing signals within a “bucket” of frequencies 100kHz wide.
The default detector type of Positive Peak displays the highest signal value found within the
bucket. This is the most commonly used detector type and gives the most accurate result for
the majority of measurement situations whilst guaranteeing not to miss any signals.
Certain types of measurement, however, benefit from different detector types, and the PSA
Series 3 offers six other detector options. The degree to which the results differ from the default
detector depend not only on the signal but on the relationship between the RBW and the bucket
width.
The Negative Peak detector uses the lowest value found within the bucket. This is occasionally
used for comparative purposes in noise and EMC measurements.
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The Sample detector uses the value found at the end of the bucket. It can have advantages
over the default detector when measuring CW levels close to the noise floor but risks missing
signals if the RBW is narrow relative to the bucket width.
The Lin and Log Average and RMS detectors use a level related to the average or root mean
square value of signals within the bucket. They are used for signal accumulation measurements
such as channel power.
The Alternate Peak detector distinguishes between signal and noise found within the bucket by
detecting whether the level both rises and falls within the bucket. It gives a more accurate
indication of noise than a peak or sample detector. However, under some circumstances signal
peaks can be displaced one sample point to the right.
Selection of detector type is explained in section 4.3.6.
7.8 Triggered Operation
Triggered operation is only available when the upgrade option U01 is fitted (see section 6).
Triggering is used either to start or stop the sweep, or to initiate logging of sweeps or screen
images. The trigger can be generated manually (by a key press), externally (from the trigger
input) or internally from the sweep in combination with a limit line or limit pattern.
For a description of Triggered Sweep see section 4.3.4.2. For a description of Triggered
Logging see section 7.11.
7.8.1 External Trigger Input
The external trigger input is provided via the 3.5mm jack socket at the top of the instrument.
This can be converted to a standard BNC socket using the adaptor provided. The selection
between positive or negative transition triggering is made from the Sweep Trigger or Logging
Trigger functions. It has a TTL threshold and a high input impedance. Maximum input
voltage is limited to +/-20V. Voltages above this level could damage the instrument.
7.8.2 Trigger Output
A trigger output pulse can be generated using the same socket as trigger input (see above).
The signal is generated by the Limits comparator function (see section 7.10.3) and is a positive
going TTL level pulse of approximately 10ms duration from a 1kΩ source impedance.
The trigger output is not available if either sweep trigger or log trigger is set to external
triggering.
7.9 Level Offset and Compensation Tables
These functions are only available when the upgrade option U01 is fitted - see section 6. They
enable the amplitude scaling to be offset to match external attenuation or gain, or to add
frequency dependent amplitude compensation tables to match transducers or antennae. A
description of the menu keys used to control the function is given in section 4.4.4.
7.9.1 Dynamic Range and Maximum Signal
Adding offset or compensation can create confusion as to the maximum and minimum
signal levels that can be viewed.
This could result in the instrument being in amplitude overload even when the displayed
amplitude value is apparently within the instrument range. Where an offset is set to a large
negative value (to compensate for an external gain element) there is a danger that the absolute
maximum signal level could be exceeded resulting in damage to the instrument - see section
2.1.2.
Offset levels and compensation tables should therefore be used with care!
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7.9.2 Creating and using Compensation Tables
Compensation tables are normalised files of amplitude versus frequency that are used to
compensate for frequency related non-linearity in antennae or transducers.
The files contain lists of up to 49 frequency/amplitude points. When a file is used by the
instrument, linear interpolation is employed between the points.
Every point on the trace is then changed by the amount calculated from the interpolated
compensation table. Note that this could result in parts of the trace being outside of the
graticule area.
Compensation Tables must be created outside of the instrument using Tes t Bridge PSA
software - see section 6.1.11.
Compensation Table files have the extension .CMP and are located in the folder named
TABLES. Files can be transferred using either a USB Flash drive, or by direct connection to the
USB port of a PC. See section 5 for an explanation of copying and transferring files.
A compensation table file is loaded in a similar way to other types of files using a File Recall
screen - see section 5.4 .
Note that compensation tables and limit patterns are both placed in a folder called Tables and
can therefore appear within the same File Utilities screen. It is possible to toggle between the
two file types by pressing the key marked Tables (toggle).
7.10 Limit Lines & the Limits Comparator | Creating Limit Patterns
These functions are only available when the upgrade option U01 is fitted - see section 6. A
description of the menu keys used to control the function is given in section 4.4.5 .
Two types of limits are available, Lines and Patterns. Up to two limits can be displayed, Limit 1
in red and Limit 2 in blue.
A Line is a simple horizontal line (single amplitude level) that can be set to any value.
A Pattern can have multiple levels and can include vertical steps and angled lines. Patterns are
contained within files that are lists of up to 49 frequency/amplitude points. When a file is used
by the instrument, linear interpolation is employed between the points.
Lines or patterns may be used as simple visual aids to determine whether a signal is within a
specific level range, or they may be used in conjunction with the Limits Comparator to create an
automatic action.
7.10.1 Setting Limits
Pressing the Set Limits key (Level/Limits > Limits >
Set Limits) brings up a control screen as shown.
The keys on the top line select which limit is to be
controlled by the bottom row keys. Where a limit line
or pattern has already been set, it can be turned on or
off using Limit On/Limit Off.
The status of the two limits is displayed within the
area directly above the keys.
Pressing Set Line defines the currently selected limit as a line (if it was previously a pattern)
and brings up a numeric entry keypad or tab/jog system by which the level of the line can be set
numerically in graticule units.
Pressing Select Pattern brings up a list of files from which a limit pattern can be loaded. Limit
pattern files have the default prefix PTN and are placed in the Tables folder. Pressing Recall
from the Recall Limits files screen will load the pattern as the selected limit.
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7.10.2 The Limit Comparator
The limits comparator enables automated actions to be selected in response to specified limit
conditions. The actions include audible warning, pulse output from the trigger socket, stopping
of the sweep, or entry into a logging file.
The limit condition is created from the trace being either above or below the limit line/pattern. If
the measurement markers are turned off, or if only M1 is turned on, any part of the swept trace
being above or below the line will create the condition. If both M1 and M2 are turned on, the
limits comparison takes place only on the part of the trace between the markers.
The Limit Condition options are None, Above, Below, Outside, or Inside. Where two limits are
being displayed, the limit conditions of Inside or Outside can be used. Note that there is no
concept of an upper or lower limit line. Above means above the higher point of the two limit
lines, Below means below the lower point of the two limit lines, Outside means either above the
higher point or below the lower point of the two limit lines, while Inside means between the
higher and lower points.
The Limit Action can be set to None, Beep, Pulse Out, Beep and Pulse Out together, or
Message. The action only takes places when the sweep has completed. The Pulse Out is
provided at the Trigger socket - see section 7.8.2.
Regardless of the setting of the Trigger Action, it is also possible to use the limit condition to
stop the sweep (see section 4.3.4.2) or to create an entry into a logging file (see section
7.11.5).
7.10.3 Creating and Loading Limit Patterns
Limit Patterns must be created outside of the instrument using Tes t B ridge PSA software - see
section 6.1.11.
Limit Patterns files have the extension .CSV and are located in the folder named TABLES. Files
can be transferred using either a USB Flash drive, or by direct connection to the USB port of a
PC. See section 5 for an explanation of copying and transferring files.
A limit pattern table file is loaded in a similar way to other types of files using a File Recall
screen - see section 5.4. Up to 999 pattern files can be held within the memory of the
instrument.
Note that limit patterns and compensation tables are both placed in a folder called Tables and
can therefore appear within the same File Utilities screen. It is possible to toggle between the
two file types by pressing the key marked Tables (toggle).
7.10.4 Limit Offset
The Limit Offset function enables a limit to be offset
from its initial value. It is intended primarily for limit
patterns (which would otherwise have to be
regenerated) but can also be used with limit lines.
The Limit Offset control screen enables a limit to be
“nudged” up or down in steps of 1dB or 0.1dB.
Where a limit has had an offset applied to it, a **
symbol is displayed within the Set Limits control
screen.
7.10.5 Limit Fix/Unfix
Limit patterns use absolute frequency points. Whenever the frequency range is changed, the
pattern on the screen is recalculated to be correct for the new frequency range.
In some circumstances, however, it is useful to avoid this recalculation taking place. If, for
example, a limit pattern had been created for the modulation around a specific centre
frequency, it may be useful to be able to apply that same pattern to a different centre frequency.
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Pressing the Limit Fix/Unfix key fixes the pattern relative to the screen and displays a message
of “Lim Fix” on the top RH side of the graticule. Changes can now be made to centre frequency
without the pattern changing.
Note that the pattern is fixed on the screen and will become incorrect if the span or the
reference level is changed. Pressing the key again cancels the fix mode and recalculates the
limit pattern to be correct for the current centre frequency, span, and reference level.
7.10.6 Creating and Loading Channel Markers
A special type of limit pattern file is available which consists only of vertical lines at frequency
points defined within the file. These can be displayed as an alternative to limit lines/patterns. Up
to two files can be displayed simultaneously in differing colours. Each file can contain up to 49
frequency points.
Channel Marker files are created using Test Bridge PSA software. This is described further in
Appendix A (section 17).
7.11 The Logging Function
The Logging function is only available when the upgrade option U01 is fitted (see section 6).
A description of the menu keys used to control the function is given in section 4.7.1.
The logging function saves results into log files within the memory of the instrument. The type of
result saved can be selected as Centre Level (logs only the amplitude at the centre frequency),
Peak Level (logs the frequency and amplitude of the highest peak in every sweep), Full Trace
(logs the whole trace) or Screen Image (logs the whole screen as a bit-map image).
The saving of an entry into the file can be after every
sweep (continuous) or in response to a Timer, a key
press (manual trigger), the external trigger input, or
the Limits function.
Each entry within the file includes the time of the
entry as read from the instrument’s real time clock.
Up to 25,000 entries can be saved within a single file
with the exception of Screen Image logging where the
entries are limited to 2,500. The saving of an entry
takes a finite length of time varying from 0.1 seconds (centre amplitude or peak value) up to 1.5
seconds (screen image). Entries are only saved after the sweep has been completed, and the
sweep cannot re-start until the entry has been saved.
Note that, when a logging file is “enabled”, the sweep mode is automatically set to Repeat, and
the sweep trigger is set to Free Run. No changes can be made to the set-up of the analyser
while logging is in progress.
7.11.1 The Logging Control Menu
Selecting Logging Control from the Logging sub-group menu (see section 4.7.1) opens a new
control screen as shown opposite.
The type of data to be logged, the trigger type, and the timer interval (if used) must be set prior
to entering Logging Control. This information is shown within the area above the keys.
Similarly, the spectrum analyzer state (frequency span, level etc). must also have been set-up
in advance.
Once logging has commenced it is not possible to make any changes to the instrument’s set-up
without closing the logging file. It is also not possible to turn the instrument power to Off without
closing the file first.
Change Name: the name of the logging file that will be created is displayed at the top of the
menu area. The file name is an auto-incrementing numeric of the default file name (shown in
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green). Pressing Change Name opens an alpha-numeric keypad from which a user-chosen
name of up to 8 characters can be entered.
Change Default: enables the default file name that will be automatically allocated to the next
logging file to be changed. Standard default file name rules apply - see section 5.1.1.1
Enable Logging: commences the opening of a logging file under the currently displayed name.
An information message is displayed, and logging is actually enabled after confirming with the
Status hard key.
Pause/Enable: causes new entries into the current logging file to be suspended and re-started.
However, it is not possible to exit from the logging control menu without closing the current file.
Close File: closes and saves the current logging file. Once closed the file cannot be re-opened
(although it can be renamed or deleted). The Log File name changes to the next default name
ready for the next logging file to be enabled.
Cancel/Exit: exits the logging control menu provided that a logging file is not currently enabled
or paused, in which case a warning message is displayed telling the user that exiting will
disable logging and close and save the current file.
File Utilities: displays a list of logging files currently within the instrument. Operates similarly to
other file utilities screens – see section 5.5.
7.11.2 Manual Logging
The logging function can be set via the Log Trigger key to save entries in response to a manual
key press. Both the Run/Stop hard key and the sweep control touch-screen key act as the
manual trigger.
The data that is logged will relate to the sweep that was in progress when the key was pressed.
7.11.2.1 The Run/Stop key and Sweep Control key
When logging, the Run/Stop hard key and sweep control touch-screen key have no function
unless the Log Trigger has been set to Manual, in which case both act as a manual trigger key.
In all other trigger modes (timer, external, limits or continuous) the keys are inactive. However,
the touch-screen key does provide visual feedback of the stages of the logging process. When
no trigger event has yet occurred, the key is green and marked Awaiting Trigger. When a
trigger has occurred, but the sweep has yet to complete it becomes yellow and is marked
Triggered. When the sweep is completed, and the log file entry is being made it becomes red
and is marked Writing File.
7.11.3 Logging from the Timer
The logging function can be set via the Log Trigger key to save entries triggered at a fixed time
interval.
The Timer Setup key enables a time between trigger events to be set between 5 seconds and
100 minutes. However, if the timer interval is set to a short period, the actual time between
logging entries may be considerably longer than the trigger interval. This is because, for each
entry, a sweep must be completed, and the data must be saved. If the sweep is set to a wide
span and/or narrow RBW, the sweep time could be several tens of seconds.
The timer is asynchronous with respect to the sweep. Consequently, the time between logging
entries will be longer than the timer interval by a variable amount which is a function of the
sweep time. The log entry time stamp represents the time at the end of the logged sweep.
To achieve the fastest possible logging use Continuous trigger - see section 7.11.6.
7.11.4 Logging from External Trigger
The logging function can be set via the Log Trigger key to save entries on either a positive or
negative going edge applied to the Trigger socket - see section 7.8.1.
The data that is logged will relate to the sweep that was in progress when the trigger signal
occurred.
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7.11.5 Logging from Amplitude Limits
The logging function can be set via the Log Trigger key to save entries when a trigger is
generated by the Amplitude Limits Comparator. The data that is logged will relate to the sweep
that was in progress when the limit condition occurred.
The Limits function must be set to have a potentially valid condition as set by Limit Condition,
however the logging trigger is independent of the Limit Action which can be set to any value
including none. See section 7.10 for an explanation of the Limits function.
7.11.6 Logging Every Sweep (Continuous)
The logging function can be set via the Log Trigger key to save entries continuously, i.e., after
every sweep. The actual speed will depend upon the sweep rate and the type of data being
logged. The fastest possible logging rate is about two per second.
7.11.7 File Sizes and Maximum Logging Times
Logging files can vary in size from a few kB to more than 100MB depending upon the number
of entries and the type of data being logged.
Although the filing system allows up to 999 .LOG files to be stored, the practical number may be
limited by the internal memory size (approximately 1.8GB). Where large files are being created,
care must be taken not to overflow the memory. Memory space can be restored by copying files
to a Flash drive or directly to a PC, and then deleting them on the instrument.
The instrument has the potential to log over very long periods. Where it is required to log for a
period close to or exceeding the battery life, the instrument must be operated from external AC
power.
In the event of the memory becoming full or the power being lost, the current logging file will be
automatically closed.
7.11.8 Viewing and Analyzing Logging Files
The instrument has no capability for viewing the contents of a logging file. Instead, the file must
be copied to a Windows based PC where the file can be viewed and analyzed using the Test
Bridge PSA software - see section 6.1.11.
Log files have the extension .LOG and are located in the folder named LOGS. Up to 999
logging files can be stored within the memory of the instrument. Files can be transferred using
either a USB Flash drive, or by direct connection to the USB port of a PC.
See section 5 for an explanation of copying and transferring files.
8 USB Connections | File System & File Types
8.1.1 Understanding USB Connections
The instrument has two USB ports only one of which may be used at a time. The required port
is accessed by a sliding shutter which ensures that only the exposed port can be used.
The Type A port presents a USB host interface which will accept flash drives conforming to the
USB Mass Storage Class (MSC). Drives with capacities from 32MB to 32GB are supported.
USB Hard Disk Drives are not supported, and this port is not compatible with any other class of
device including the HUB class.
If any unsupported device type is connected a message will be displayed to alert the user.
NOTE: Certain small capacity USB flash drives have been seen that try to connect as a hub
before exposing the MSC device. This type of flash drive is not compatible and cannot be used
with this instrument.
When a compatible flash drive is connected to the instrument there will be no activity until the
Setup/Functions > System/File Ops > File Ops control screen is called up, then the Disk light
will flash, and the Switch Drive key will become active. This key will allow access to the files
stored on the flash drive. The Copy key in the File Actions control screen will also become
available. See section 9.1.2 “Using an External Flash Drive” for more information on reading
and writing the flash drive.
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The Mini B port is for connection to a PC and has two possible uses, each will cause the
instrument to expose a different device type to the PC. When the instrument is powered on the
Mini B port is inoperative and the PC, if connected, will not be able to 'see' the instrument. The
correct device type will be exposed when the user performs an appropriate action. The two
types of devices that the instrument can expose are Mass Storage Class (MSC) and
Communications Device Class (CDC). These classes and their uses are discussed in the
following paragraphs.
The PSA will expose the MSC when the user executes Setup/Functions > System/File Ops >
File Ops and then chooses the Link to PC option from the File Ops control screen. See section
9.1.3 “Linking to a PC via USB” for more information.
The instrument will expose the CDC when the user executes Setup/Functions > System/File
Ops > System Utilities followed by Status/System > Screen > View on PC. This function is only
available with Option U01 enabled. For more information see 17 Appendix A “View on PC”.
It should be noted that CDC is used only for screen data exchange when View on PC is
selected. It is not possible to transfer file data while in this mode. To exchange files between
instrument and PC requires MSC and in this mode View on PC is not available.
The user can, however, switch freely between these modes by executing the key sequences
above but connection to the View on PC application will be lost when Link to PC is selected.
8.1.2 Using an External Flash Drive
The USB Type A connector on the left-hand side of the instrument is arranged as USB Host
and is intended exclusively for the connection of a USB Flash Drive. This enables files to be
copied to and from the internal memory of the instrument. Note that files cannot be loaded from
or saved to external memory directly.
Copy operations are performed using the File Ops (File Operations) function - see section 5.6.
The instrument pre-defines a folder system for the USB Flash Drive whereby different file types
are placed in specific folders. These folders are automatically created when the File Ops
function is selected with a Flash Drive plugged in.
A master folder is created called PSA within which are sub-folders named TRACES, IMAGES,
SETUPS, LOGS, and TABLES. Files copied from the instrument onto the external drive are
automatically placed into the correct folder. However, where files are being placed onto the
external drive from a personal computer, they must be put into the correct folder, or it will not be
possible to copy them onto the instrument.
Note that, whenever the File Ops function is first used after a USB Flash Drive has been
plugged in or the instrument has been switched off, the files on the Flash Drive will be
interrogated and an information message will appear asking the user to wait for this to take
place.
If the Flash Drive is of large capacity and/or contains a large number of files, the interrogation
could take a long time. If the user wishes to abort this procedure, they may do so by simply
unplugging the Flash Drive. To avoid long delays, it is recommended that Flash Drives
containing large numbers of un-related files are not used.
Note that it is not possible to connect a USB Flash Drive if the USB Link to PC connection is in
place.
8.1.3 Linking to a PC via USB
The USB Type Mini B connector on the left-hand side of the instrument is arranged as USB
“device” and is intended exclusively for connection to the USB port of a personal computer for
the transfer of files to or from the internal memory of the instrument.
The connection should be made using the cable supplied, which is a standard USB Mini B plug
to USB Standard A plug. Note that it is not possible to use the USB Link to PC when a USB
Flash Drive is connected.
“Link to PC” mode is selected via Setup/Functions > System/FileOps > File Ops > Link to PC
see section 5.6. When the key is pressed all spectrum analyzer activity is suspended and the
instrument waits for the PC to recognise its Flash based disc drive and “log it on”.
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When the link is enabled, the internal drive of the instrument appears on the PC as a removable
disc drive. When in this condition, the PC is in control of the link and file operations are
performed on the PC using Windows Explorer or a similar file system manager.
When in this mode, all of the user area of the internal drive becomes accessible. It is
therefore possible to rename files and directories, delete directories or to add invalid
files. Care must be taken NOT to do this.
The internal drive contains a master folder named PSA within which are five folders: TRACES,
IMAGES, SETUPS, LOGS, and TABLES. Only the correct file types must be placed into these
folders, no files should be placed in the Root folder and no additional folders created.
Note that it is possible to place files with long filenames into the folders provided that the
extension is correct and the files themselves are valid - see section 5.6.2.
The link can be closed by pressing the EXIT hard key. When this happens, the instrument rechecks its filing system in order to ensure that changes have not been made that would cause
system problems. This may take several seconds.
When this has been completed, normal spectrum analyzer operation resumes.
8.2 File System and File Types
8.2.1 Internal Filing System Organisation
The organisation of the instrument filing system is not visible to the user from within the
instrument. Although a folder system exists, files are automatically placed into, or retrieved
from, the correct folder whenever a particular type of file is being used.
Similarly, when an external flash drive is connected, the instrument will automatically select the
correct external folder for the current file type.
The folder structure of the internal drive is only visible when linked to a PC - see section 9.1.3.
8.2.2 File Types
The basic instrument uses three file types: Traces, Images and Setups. If option U01 is
installed, several further file types become available.
8.2.3 Trace Files
A trace file represents the swept trace as appears upon the screen. A trace file can be recalled
to the screen as a reference trace (purple).
The file consists of a set of 271 values representing the trace amplitude from left to right across
the screen in CSV (comma separated variable) format, plus additional information that defines
the frequency span, RBW, VBW and reference level. Values are always in dBm.
The latter information is referred to as the State. When a trace file is recalled, the user can
choose to recall the whole file (Recall Trace & State), the trace amplitude values only (Recall
Trace) or the State values only (Recall State). Whenever the State is recalled, the spectrum
analyser set-up is changed to match the parameters within the recalled file.
Trace files are small being a few kilobytes each. Within the instrument they use an 8.3 naming
format with the extension .CSV. A maximum of 999 files can be stored within the internal
memory of the instrument. Trace files can be copied to a PC and imported into graphing
programs such as Excel, MathCad etc.
Trace files can also be displayed using Test Bridge PSA software which is supplied on the
accompanying disk or freely available to download from the web site.
8.2.4 Screen Image Files
A screen image file represents a "snapshot" of the whole of the screen excluding the key area.
A screen file can be recalled in a similar way to an image on a digital camera, whilst sweeping
of the spectrum analyser is suspended (Paused). It can also be exported to a PC and printed
for documentation purposes.
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Screen files are indexed colour bitmaps of about 50 kilobytes in size. Within the instrument they
use an 8.3 naming format with the extension .BMP A maximum of 999 files can be stored within
the internal memory of the instrument. Screen files can be copied to a PC and imported into
photo viewing and editing programs such as Windows Picture and Fax Viewer, Paint,
Photoshop etc.
Image files can also be displayed using Test Bridge PSA software which is supplied on the
accompanying disk or freely available to download from the web site.
8.2.5 Setup Files
A setup file records the complete state of the instrument at the point that it was saved, including
marker positions, the view trace, and the reference trace.
When option U01 is installed, additional files such as Limit Patterns and Compensation Tables
are also included.
A setup file contains all of the parameters listed within the Factory Default Setup listing (see
Appendix B section 18) with the exception of screen brightness and Auto power-off timer
settings.
Setup files are small being a few kilobytes each. Within the instrument they use an 8.3 naming
format with the extension. SET. A maximum of 999 files can be stored within the internal
memory of the instrument. Setup files can be copied to a memory stick or onto a PC for backup
purposes but have no function outside of the instrument.
8.2.6 Other File Types
When Option U01 is fitted (see section 6) five other file types can exist. These are Scan files,
Compensation Table files, Limit Pattern files, Channel Marker files, and Logging files. Details of
the functions are provided within section 6 of the manual.
8.2.6.1 Compensation Tables
Compensation tables are normalised files of amplitude versus frequency which must be created
outside of the instrument using Test Bridge PSA software. They are a few kilobytes in size.
They files have the extension .CMP and are located in the folder named TABLES. Files can be
transferred using either a USB Flash drive, or by direct connection to the USB port of a PC.
8.2.6.2 Limit Pattern and Channel Marker Files
Limit pattern tables are normalised files of amplitude versus frequency which must be created
outside of the instrument using Test Bridge PSA software. They are a few kilobytes in size.
They have the extension .CSV and are located in the folder named TABLES. Files can be
transferred using either a USB Flash drive, or by direct connection to the USB port of a PC.
A channel marker file is a special version of a limit pattern file designed to create only vertical
lines. Channel marker file names start with a $ symbol.
8.2.6.3 Logging Files
Logging Files record multiple entries of sweep data in response to a variety of trigger signals.
They can contain several types of data and are variable in size up to tens of megabytes. They
have the extension .LOG and are located in the folder named LOGS.
Amplitude values contained within a logging file are always in dBm.
The files are created within the instrument and must be transferred to a PC for analysis using
Test Bridge PSA software. Files can be transferred using either a USB Flash drive, or by direct
connection to the USB port of a PC.
9 Default Settings | Power On State | Hard Reset
9.1 Restoring to Factory Defaults
When shipped from the factory, the set-up of the instrument is as described within Appendix B
(section 18). The instrument can be returned to its factory defaults condition from
Setup/Functions > Setups > Load Defaults (see section 4.8.1).
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9.2 Standard Preset
Frequency/Span
(Mode = Centre/Span)
Centre = 1350.5MHz/650.5MHz
Span = 2699MHz/1299MHz
Sweep/Bandwidth
RBW = Auto (10MHz)
VBW = Track,
Sweep Control = Repeat
Trigger = Free Run, Auto Rearm
Sweep Time = Auto
Sweep Mode = Normal (Auto)
Detector Type = Default (+ve)
Level/Limits
Ref Level = 0dBm
Units = dBm, Graticule =
Normal
Scale = Normal (10db/div)
75Ohm Compensation = Off
Fixed Offset = Off
Compensation Table = Off
Limit 1 = Off, Limit 2 = Off
Traces/Markers
Live Trace = On,
View Trace = Off
Reference Trace = Off
Mode = Normal
Display = Single Trace
Marker 1 = On, Marker 2 = Off
M1 = 1350.5MHz / 650.5MHz
Markers Function = Scroll
M1 Fix = Off
Frequency Counter = Off
Setup/Functions
Logging = Disabled
The standard preset is accessed by pressing the hard key marked Preset. It returns the
instrument to a set of known conditions as below:
(Note that some parameters are relevant only if option U01 is fitted)
Parameters not included within the listing above are left unchanged.
The User Preset is a customisable version of the Standard Preset whereby any of the
parameter values of the standard preset can be changed to match the requirements of the
current user – see section 4.10.1.
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9.3 Unrecoverable Fault Condition - Hard Reset
If the spectrum analyzer gets into a condition in which normal operation is not possible, it can
be returned to normal operation by reloading the Factory Default settings - see section 4.8.1.
However, if it “locks up” (i.e., will not respond to key presses) or
cannot be recovered by using Load Defaults, it can be put
through a Hard Reset.
The reset button is accessed through a small hole at the top
right-hand side of the case. It can be operated using the stylus
(or another thin rigid object). Press and hold for longer than 1
second.
Hard Reset will re-load the operating system, return all
parameters to their factory defaults, and clear all of the nonvolatile buffers. User data and settings that have been saved
as files will not be affected.
9.4 Power-On State
The set-up of the instrument each time that it is turned on (from off) is normally set to “Last
Used”. This results in no change occurring when the instrument is powered off and then back
on.
Alternatively, the user can choose to load the User Preset which overwrites the major settings
with ones chosen by the user (see section 4.10.1). This choice is made from:
STATUS >System Utils > Power/Clock > Pwr-On State - see section 4.9.3.2.
10 Firmware Updates | Upgrades | Maintenance
10.1 Updating the Firmware
From time-to-time Aim-TTi may make updated versions of the instrument firmware available in
order to add new features or to correct “bugs”. These will be downloadable from the Aim-TTi
website without charge. The current version is displayed within the Status display screens.
The method of updating requires the use of a USB Flash drive. Full information on how to
perform the update will be provided with the firmware file.
10.2 Upgrading the Firmware (Option U01)
Installing option U01 is done in a similar way to a firmware update, but an additional step of
entering an activation code will be needed (see section 6). Full details are provided with the
option.
10.3 Maintenance, Re-calibration & Cleaning
To ensure that the accuracy of the instrument remains within specification, the calibration
should be checked (and if necessary adjusted) annually. Aim-TTi or their agents overseas will
provide a calibration service for any PSA1303/2703 and will repair any PSA developing a fault.
Where owners wish to undertake their own recalibration, this should only be done by skilled
personnel in conjunction with the Service Guide which may be obtained directly from Aim-TTi or
their agents overseas. Recalibration requires the use of a precision signal generator as
specified in the Service Guide
Cleaning: If the unit requires cleaning, use a cloth that is only lightly dampened with water or a
mild detergent. Take particular care in cleaning the touch screen area.
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10.4 Battery Replacement
The instrument is fitted with a rechargeable Lithium-ion polymer battery which should only be
recharged using the charger supplied.
The battery requires no maintenance, but capacity will reduce over time, and it may eventually
require replacement. The battery is a custom design and replacements are only available from
Aim-TTi or from our authorised distributors or agents.
Refer to the Service Guide for detailed information on battery replacement and disposal.
11 Safety Information
Spectrum Analyzer
This instrument is Safety Class III according to IEC classification and has been designed to
meet the requirements of EN61010-1 (Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for
Measurement, Control and Laboratory Use).
This instrument has been tested in accordance with EN61010-1 and has been supplied in a
safe condition. This instruction manual contains some information and warnings which have to
be followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to retain the instrument in a safe
condition.
This instrument has been designed for indoor use in a Pollution Degree 2 environment in the
temperature range 5°C to 40°C, 20% - 80% RH (non-condensing). It may occasionally be
subjected to temperatures between +5° and -10°C without degradation of its safety. Do not
operate while condensation is present.
This instrument is fitted with a rechargeable Lithium-ion polymer battery; do not expose the
instrument to heat sources or high-temperature environments such as an unattended vehicle in
the sun. Only recharge the battery, in the instrument, using the charger supplied.
Do not incinerate the instrument and/or battery; refer to the Service Guide for information on
battery replacement and disposal.
Use of this instrument in a manner not specified by these instructions may impair the safety
protection provided.
WARNING!
All accessible parts will be at the same voltage as the outer body of the N-Type signal input
connector. In particular, note that the shells of both USB connectors are galvanically connected
to the body of the signal input and will therefore be at earth ground potential when either USB
port is connected to a desktop PC. To maintain user safety under all other circumstances it is
essential that the input is not connected to a voltage above 30Vdc or 30Vrms with respect to
earth ground which is the limit of Safe Extra Low Voltage (SELV) by IEC definition.
The instrument shall be disconnected from all voltage sources before it is opened for any
adjustment, replacement, maintenance, or repair. Any adjustment, maintenance and repair of
the opened instrument shall be carried out only by a skilled person in conjunction with the
Service Guide, see Maintenance section 11.3
Do not wet the instrument when cleaning it; see Maintenance section 11.3 for further details.
The following symbols are used on the instrument and in this manual.
Direct Current
CAUTION – refer to accompanying documentation.
Damage to the instrument may occur if these precautions are ignored.
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Adaptor/Charger
Frequency Range:
1 MHz to 1300 MHz (PSA1303)
Setting Modes:
Centre frequency plus Span, or Start frequency plus Stop frequency
Maximum Span:
1299 MHz (PSA1303)
Minimum Span:
27 kHz, or Zero Span with demodulation
Setting Resolution:
100 Hz at any frequency
Setting Accuracy:
Reference Frequency Accuracy for Start, Stop & Centre (Zero-Span)
Initial Accuracy:
Better than ± 1 ppm at 20 °C
Stability:
Better than ± 1 ppm over 10 °C to 30 °C
Ageing:
Better than ± 1 ppm per year
Phase Noise
Phase noise at 100 kHz offset at 500 MHz typically -88 dBc/Hz
RBW:
Selectable between 10 MHz and 300 Hz
Video Filtering:
Selectable between 10 MHz and 300 Hz
No. of Markers:
One, Two (or None)
Resolution:
0.1 kHz at all frequencies
Marker Accuracy:
1/270th of Span ± 10Hz plus reference frequency accuracy.
Readout:
The frequencies at the marker points and the frequency difference are
Functions:
Normal (Scroll Mode) and Peak Find Mode (as standard)
The adaptor/charger supplied has a universal input voltage rating of 100-240VAC, 50/60Hz. It is
a Class II (double insulated) device, fully approved to EN 60950-1 and UL 60950-1 (UL listing
E245390).
12 Specification
Frequency Measurement
Frequency Span:
1 MHz to 2700 MHz (PSA2703)
2699 MHz (PSA2703)
frequencies
Reference Frequency Accuracy
Phase Noise (Typical)
Resolution Bandwidth
selectable in 1:3:10 sequence, or Auto
selectable in 1:3:10 sequence, or RBW Tracking
Markers
displayed
Peak Track Mode and Frequency Measurement (as standard)
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Units:
Selectable as dBm or dBμV
Display Range:
84 dB from reference level
Magnification:
x2, x5 or x10
Reference Level:
Selectable between -40dBm and +10 dBm
Calibration Level
Better than ± 1 dB at 10dB below ref. level @ 2000MHz (20°C ± 5°C)
Flatness:
Better than ± 1 dB relative to 2000MHz over the full operating frequency
Linearity:
Better than ± 1 dB over 60dB range down from the reference level
No. of Markers:
One, Two (or None)
Resolution:
0.1 dB
Readout:
The level at the marker points and difference are displayed.
Displayed Units:
dBm, dBuV, mV or uW
Functions:
Normal (Scroll Mode), Peak Find Mode, Peak Track Mode, Frequency
DANL:
Better than -115 dBm from 11MHz to 2.7Ghz
Noise per Hz:
Better than -155 dBm/Hz equivalent; for frequency range 11MHz to
3rd Order
< –60dBc for two signals at 10dB below reference level, (500MHz and
Harmonic:
< –60dBc at 10dB below reference level (100MHz)
Other Signal Related
<-60 dBc for signals 10 dB below the reference level
Residual Spurii:
<-70 dB below the reference level
Signal Image
<– 55dBc, typically <– 60dBc
Amplitude Measurement
Amplitude Range
(67dBμV to 117dBμV) in 1dB steps
Amplitude Accuracy
Accuracy:
range
Markers
Measurement.
Displayed Average Noise Level (DANL)
Better than -100 dBm from 1MHz to 10Mhz
(ref. level = – 40 dBm, RBW = 10 kHz, VBW = 1 kHz, span 1 MHz)
2.7GHz
Distortion and Spurii
Intermodulation:
Spurii:
502MHz); typically, < -65dBc
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Input Connector
N Type, 50 Ω
VSWR:
1.4: 1 typical
Maximum Level:
+ 23 dBm, (130 dBμV) >50MHz [see 2.1.2]; +/-50V DC
Sweep Method:
Detection for 271 points per sweep. The amplitude value (as determined
Signal Detection
Alternate Peak (default), Positive Peak, Negative Peak, Sample, Linear
Sweep Time:
Sweep time is an automatic function of Span and RBW/VBW.
Sweep Modes:
Repeat (continuous) or Single Shot.
Sweep Trigger (only
Trigger Source: External input or Limits Comparator.
Modes:
AM or FM
Internal Audio:
Internal loudspeaker with adjustable volume and mute.
Audio Out:
30 mW into 32 Ω mono or stereo headphones, adjustable volume,
Audio Filter:
Switchable 3kHz Low Pass Filter.
Carrier Display:
Horizontal line at carrier level.
Display Type:
4.3 inch (10.9 cm) backlit TFT LCD, 480 x 272 pixels total, 16 colours,
Trace Area:
232 x 271 pixels.
Graticule:
8.5 x 10 divisions, light grey graticule.
Displayed Points:
271 points per sweep.
Live Trace:
Dot-joined trace from current sweep.
Trace Modes:
Normal (overwrite), Peak Hold, or Average (2 to 48 sweeps).
View Trace:
Buffered “instance” of the live trace.
Reference Trace:
Stored trace recalled from a trace file.
Dual Trace Mode:
For Peak Hold and Average modes, processed and un-processed traces
Signal Input
Sweep
by the detection mode) from each sub-span is stored (sub-span =
span/270)
Modes:
with Option U01)
Average, Log Average or RMS
A speed-up function enables the time to be reduced by a factor of up to
ten.
Demodulation (Zero Span mode)
Audio Demodulation
3.5mm jack socket
Display & Traces
resistive touch screen.
can be displayed simultaneously.
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Data Types:
Peak level, Centre Level, Full Trace or Screen Image.
Data Entries:
Up to 25,000 entries per file (2500 for Images).
Trigger Source:
Entries can be made every sweep or in response to Manual Trigger key,
Internal Timer:
Adjustable from 2secs. to 100mins per entry.
Internal Disk:
1.8GB of internal memory.
External Storage:
USB host interface for removable USB Flash drives.
Store Trace:
Up to 999 traces can be stored under either default file names or user
Recall Trace:
Recalls any stored trace to the reference trace of the display.
Store Set-up:
Up to 999 instrument set-ups can be stored under either default file
Recall Set-up:
Recalls any stored set-up, overwriting the existing settings of the
Store Screen:
This function copies the whole screen area to memory as a bitmap. Up to
Recall Screen:
Recalls any stored screen as an image.
RF Input:
Standard N Type connector.
DC Power:
1.3 mm power socket for external power supply/charger
USB Host:
Standard USB type A connector for connection of USB Flash drives.
USB Device:
Mini USB connector for connection to a PC.
Audio Out:
3.5 mm jack socket for demodulated audio out (accepts mono or stereo
Trigger In/Out:
For use with option U01 only.
Battery Type:
Li-Ion 3.7V 3000mA-hr
Battery Life:
Up to 6 hours continuous
Recharge Time:
< 3 hours from fully discharged
Data Logging (Only with Option U01)
External Trigger, Internal Timer, or Limits Comparator
Internal Storage
entered file names. Traces are stored as tables of amplitude versus
frequency and can be imported into other programs, as well as being
recalled to the screen.
Connectors
names or user entered file names. All settings of the instrument are
saved.
instrument.
999 screens can be stored under either default file names or user
entered file names.
plugs).
Power Sources
Battery
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Auto Off Mode:
To conserve battery life, the system can be set to automatically switch off
after a defined time from the last key press. This can be set between 5
Battery Status:
Multi-segment battery status indicator.
Voltage Range:
100V to 240V nominal 50Hz/60Hz
Size:
192mm high x 92mm wide x 49mm deep (height excludes RF input
Weight:
580 grams.
Tilt Stand:
Built-in tilt stand for bench use which angles the unit at 40 degrees to the
Stylus:
Casing incorporates plug-in stylus.
Operating Range:
+5°C to + 40°C, 20% to 80% relative humidity and non-condensing
Storage Range:
-10°C to +50°C
Environmental:
Use at altitudes to 2000m, Pollution Degree 2.
Electrical Safety:
Complies with EN61010-1.
EMC:
Complies with EN61326.
Limits:
Up to two limits can be displayed together.
Comparator:
Comparison of trace or trace segment with limits
Data Types:
Peak level, Centre Level, Full Trace or Screen Image.
Data Entries:
Up to 25,000 entries per file (2500 for Images).
Trigger Source:
Entries can be made in response to Manual Trigger key, External
mins and 60 mins (or never).
AC Line Operation/ Charging
The instruments can be operated continuously from mains power using the AC line adaptor
provided. This powers and recharges the instrument simultaneously.
Mechanical
connector)
horizontal.
Environmental and Safety
Option U01
Option U01 is a firmware upgrade that provides additional capabilities as follows:
Limit Lines and Patterns
Lines are defined by dB value; Patterns are created as files by PSAManager and loaded from memory (999 files maximum).
(above/below/between/outside) can generate trigger signal, pulse, or
audio alert.
Data Logging
Trigger, Internal Timer (2s to 100m per entry) or Limits Comparator
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Sweep Trigger
Source:
External Trigger or Limits Comparator.
Fixed Offsets:
Compensation for external gain or attenuation from -50.0dB to +50.0dB.
75 Ohm:
Compensation for signals from a 75W source.
Tables:
Compensation for variations of level with frequency for antennae or
Offsets and Compensation Tables
transducers. Tables are created as files by PSA-Manager and loaded
from memory (999 files maximum).
Custom Presets
Enables rapid switching between setups for repetitive testing.
View on PC
Enables the screen of the spectrum analyzer to be sent to a PC via USB and displayed at a
user-defined size.
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13 Appendix A: Optional Accessories
Firmware Upgrade (PSA-U01) – provides increased capabilities - see section 6 .
Fitted Soft Case (PSA-SC2) – protective carrying case with space for accessories
Telescopic Antenna (PSA-ANT2) – wideband telescopic antenna with adaptor for N-type
connection direct to the PSA.
Vehicle Charger (PSA-VC) – charger operating from 12V or 24V.
NOTE: All of the above items are included within the PSA1303USC and PSA2703USC
products.
Connection Kit (PSA-CK) – high quality SMA connection cable along with adaptors to and
from N-Type connectors, plus N to BNC adaptor for lower frequency cable connections.
14 Appendix B: Test Bridge PSA Software
Test Bridge PSA is a Windows* PC application for the creation, editing, analysis, and
management of PSAxx03 files. It is compatible with versions of Windows 10 onwards (including
32- and 64-bit versions).
Test Bridge PSA may be freely downloaded from the web site which may have an updated
version.
An explanation of how to use Test Bridge PSA is provided within the program’s own Help
function.
Test Bridge PSA Functions
Trace File Display
Trace files downloaded from the instrument can be viewed on the PC.
Limit Patterns Creation
Limit pattern files can be used within the Limits function of the instrument when option U01 is
installed. Limit patterns are tables of amplitude against frequency that are created within Test
Bridge PSA and uploaded to the instrument.
Limit pattern table files can be created from scratch or imported and edited from CSV files.
Editing tools include both numeric entry and graphical editing.
Channel Marker List Creation
Channel Marker List files are a special type of limit pattern file that contain only vertical lines.
They can be particularly useful for showing channel position frequencies. Test Bridge PSA
provides an editor that enables them to be created by entering a list of frequencies. They have
the same extension as a limit pattern file (.CSV) but the file name commences with $ symbol.
Compensation Tables Creation
Compensation tables files can be used within the Offset/Tables function of the instrument when
option U01 is installed. Compensation tables are normalised tables of amplitude against
frequency that are created within Test Bridge PSA and uploaded to the instrument.
Compensation table files can be created from scratch or imported and edited from CSV files.
Editing tools include both numeric entry and graphical editing.
Log File Analysis
Logging files downloaded from the instrument can be viewed and analysed. (The logging
function requires Option U01)
View-on-PC function
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The View-on-PC function enables the screen of the instrument to be duplicated on the PC at
Frequency/Span
(Mode = Centre/Span)
Centre = 1350.5MHz [650MHz]
(Start = 1100MHz [400MHz]
Span = 500MHz
Stop = 1600MHz [900MHz]
Fix Start/Fix Stop = Off
Freq. Presets = Empty
Step Size = 1.0000MHz
Auto Step Size = Off
Zero Span Demodulation
Setup
Demod = AM, Depth = +/-100%
Audio Volume = 6, Mute = On
Sweep/Bandwidth
RBW = Auto (10MHz)
VBW = Track, Trk Offset = 0
Sweep Time = Auto
Sweep Control = Repeat
Trigger = Free Run, Auto Rearm
Sweep Mode = Normal (Auto)
Detector Type = Default (+ve)
Level/Limits
Ref Level = 0dBm
Units = dBm, Graticule = Normal
Scale = Normal (10db/div)
Offset/Tables
75Ohm Compensation = Off
Fixed Offset = Off (set to -10dB)
Compensation Table = Off
Compensation File = None
Limits
Limit 1 = Off (set to -50dBm)
Pattern Files = None
Limit Condition = None
Limit Offsets = 0, Step = 1dB
Traces/Markers
Live Trace = On
Reference Trace = Off
Ref. Trace File = None
Trace Mode
Mode = Normal
Average Number = 16
Display = Single Trace
Trace Stores
Store Type = Live Trace
Recall Type = Trace Only
Default File Names = TRACE
and IMAGE
Marker Setup
Marker 1 = On, Marker 2 = Off
Frequency Counter = Off
Marker Units = As Graticule
Setup/Functions
Status = Disabled
Default File Name = LOG_
Trigger =Timer
Frequency Counter
Status = Off
Resolution = 1kHz
Setups
Default File Name = SETUP
System/File Ops
Selected Folder = TRACES
Brightness = 40%
System Utilities
View on PC = Disabled
Auto Power Off = Never
Power-On State = Last Used
any desired size.
The View on PC function places the instrument into a special mode in which the graphics of the
display are sent to a PC via USB. The screen can then be viewed at any size using the
Test Bridge PSA application.
15 Appendix C: Factory Default Settings
When shipped from the factory, or following a reset to factory defaults, or operation of the hard
reset button, the instrument will be set up as follows:
(note that some parameters are relevant only if Option U01 is fitted) Square brackets ‘[xxx]’
show PSA1303 variations.
Trace Control
Logging
Limit 2 = Off (set to -60dBm)
View Trace = Off
M1 = 1350.5MHz [650MHz]
M2 = 1400MHz [700MHz]
Type = Centre Level
Limit Action = None
Markers Function = Scroll
M1 Fix = Off
Timer Interval = 5 sec.
The operation to reset to Factory Defaults is described in section 4.8.1.
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16 Appendix D: Menu Tree Diagram
*Available with
Option U01
installed
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*Available with
Option U01
installed
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Thurlby Thandar Instruments
Ltd
.
Glebe Road • Huntingdon • Cambridgeshire • PE29 7DR • England (United Kingdom
Telephone: +44 (0)1480 412451 • Fax: +44 (0)1480 450409
International web site:
Aim Instruments and Thurlby Thandar Instruments
www
.aimtti.com • UK web site:
Email: info@aimtti.com
www
.aimtti.co.uk
48511-1900 Iss.1
)
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