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PSA1303
Instruction Manual
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Table of contents
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Aim-TTi PSA2703, PSA1303 Instruction Manual

PSA2703 & PSA1303
2.7GHz & 1.3GHz Spectrum Analysers
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
CONTENTS
1 Product Introduction .....................................................................................................5
1.1 Items Supplied ..........................................................................................................5
1.2 Using this Manual - Cross References .....................................................................5
1.3 Product Description and Capabilities ........................................................................5
1.4 Initial Use - Charging the Battery | Switching On ......................................................6
1.4.1 Setting the Date and Time ......................................................................................6
2 Basics of Operation ......................................................................................................7
2.1 External Connections ...............................................................................................7
2.1.1 DC Power Input ......................................................................................................7
2.1.2 RF Signal Input .......................................................................................................7
2.1.3 Demodulated Audio Output .....................................................................................7
2.1.4 USB Host Connector (for USB Flash Memory) .......................................................8
2.1.5 USB Device Connector (for connection to a PC) .....................................................8
2.1.6 Trigger Input/Output ................................................................................................8
2.2 Bench-top and Portable Use.....................................................................................8
2.2.1 Tilt Stand.................................................................................................................8
2.2.2 Screen Protector and Sun Shield ............................................................................8
2.3 Batteries and AC Line Power....................................................................................9
2.3.1 Battery Operation ....................................................................................................9
2.3.2 AC Line Operation ..................................................................................................9
2.3.3 Power Saving for Battery Operation ........................................................................9
2.4 Display and Controls Layout ................................................................................... 10
2.5 Touch Screen Operation ........................................................................................ 11
2.5.1 Fingertip Operation ...............................................................................................11
2.5.2 Stylus Operation ...................................................................................................11
2.5.3 Operation using only the Hard Keys .....................................................................11
2.5.4 Navigator Keys - Mode Selection ..........................................................................11
2.6 Instrument Status Information................................................................................. 11
2.7 On-screen Help ...................................................................................................... 11
3 Quick Start Guide ........................................................................................................ 12
4 Operation using the Menu System ............................................................................ 13
4.1 Setting the Frequency Range of the Sweep ........................................................... 13
4.1.1 Centre ...................................................................................................................14
4.1.2 Span .....................................................................................................................14
4.1.3 Start/Stop ..............................................................................................................14
4.1.4 Step Size ..............................................................................................................15
4.1.5 Frequency Presets ................................................................................................15
4.1.6 Sweep Time ..........................................................................................................16
4.2 Zero Span Mode (Demodulation Mode) ................................................................. 16
4.2.1 Audio Demodulation Sub Menu ............................................................................16
4.3 Setting the Sweep, Bandwidth (RBW / VBW) & Detector ....................................... 17
4.3.1 RBW / VBW ..........................................................................................................17
4.3.2 Sweep Time (and the Sweep Progress Indicator Line) .........................................17
4.3.3 Sweep Control ......................................................................................................18
4.4 Setting the Level Attenuator, Amplitude Scale, and Limits ..................................... 18
4.4.1 Measurement Units and Graticule .........................................................................18
4.4.2 Reference Level ....................................................................................................19
4.4.3 Vertical Scaling .....................................................................................................19
4.4.4 Amplitude Offset and Compensation Tables (when fitted) ....................................19
4.4.5
Amplitude Limits (when fitted) ...............................................................................20
4.4.5.1 Channel Marker Files .....................................................................................20
4.4.6 Overload Indication ...............................................................................................21
4.5 Controlling and Storing Traces and Images ........................................................... 21
4.5.1 Displaying Traces; Controlling the View Trace ......................................................21
4.5.1.1 Understanding the Live, View and Reference Traces ....................................21
4.5.2 Sweep Progress Indicator Line .............................................................................22
4.5.3 Setting the Trace Writing Mode .............................................................................22
4.5.3.1 Dual Trace Mode............................................................................................23
4.5.4 Storing and Recalling Traces and Screen Images ................................................23
4.6 Using Measurement Markers.................................................................................. 24
4.6.1 Setting-up Markers................................................................................................24
4.6.2 Controlling Markers ...............................................................................................25
4.6.2.1 Controlling Markers with the Hard Keys .........................................................25
4.6.2.2 Further Notes on the Use of Markers .............................................................25
4.7 Instrument Setups and Additional Functions .......................................................... 27
4.7.1 The Data Logging Function (when fitted) ..............................................................27
4.7.2 Frequency Counter Options ..................................................................................27
4.8 Storing and Recalling Set-ups | System Settings ................................................... 28
4.8.1 Storing and Recalling Instrument Setups ..............................................................28
4.8.2 System Settings, Screen Brightness, Filing System and USB Operations ............28
4.9 Status Information | On-screen Help | System Utilities ........................................... 29
4.9.1 Status Display .......................................................................................................29
4.9.2 Help Screens ........................................................................................................29
4.9.3 System Utilities .....................................................................................................29
4.9.3.1 Screen Utilities ...............................................................................................29
4.9.3.2 Power Options, Power-on State, Clock Setting ..............................................30
4.9.3.3 Alerts ..............................................................................................................30
4.9.3.4 System Updating and Calibration ...................................................................30
4.10 Using Instrument Presets | Automatic Setting ..................................................... 30
4.10.1 The User Preset ....................................................................................................31
4.10.2 Custom Presets (when fitted) ................................................................................31
5 File Storage for Traces, Screen Images & Set-ups .................................................. 32
5.1 Storing Traces or Screens ...................................................................................... 32
5.1.1.1 Default File Name Rules ................................................................................33
5.2 Recalling Traces and Images ................................................................................. 33
5.2.1 Traces and States .................................................................................................33
5.3 Storing Instrument Set-up Files .............................................................................. 34
5.4 File Recall Screen .................................................................................................. 34
5.5 File Utilities Screen ................................................................................................. 35
5.6 File Operations Screen ........................................................................................... 35
5.6.1 Editing File Names ................................................................................................36
5.6.2 File Names Created or Renamed Externally .........................................................37
6 Upgrade Option U01 ................................................................................................... 37
6.1 Additional Functions from Option U01 .................................................................... 37
6.1.1 Logging of Values, Traces or Screens ..................................................................37
6.1.2 Triggering ..............................................................................................................37
6.1.3 Limit Lines, Limit Patterns & Channel Markers......................................................37
6.1.4 Level Offsets .........................................................................................................37
6.1.5 Compensation Tables ...........................................................................................37
6.1.6 Custom Presets ....................................................................................................38
6.1.7
View on PC ...........................................................................................................38
6.1.8 Test Bridge PSA Software ....................................................................................38
7 Further Notes on Operation ....................................................................................... 38
7.1 Signal Overload Levels and Indication ................................................................... 38
7.1.1 ADC Overload .......................................................................................................38
7.2 Operation using the Hard Keys Only ...................................................................... 38
7.3 Setting Frequencies ................................................................................................ 39
7.3.1 Set by Keypad ......................................................................................................39
7.3.2 Set by Tab/Jog ......................................................................................................39
7.3.3 Shortcuts to setting a Specific Frequency Span ....................................................40
7.3.4 Repetitive Operations ...........................................................................................40
7.3.5 Using Custom Presets (when fitted) ......................................................................41
7.3.6 Creating Channel Markers (when fitted) ................................................................41
7.4 Measuring Relative Amplitude ................................................................................ 41
7.5 Sweep Times .......................................................................................................... 42
7.6 Radiated and Injected Signals ................................................................................ 42
7.6.1 Self-radiated Signals .............................................................................................42
7.6.2 External Signal Injection .......................................................................................42
7.7 Detector Types ....................................................................................................... 42
7.8 Triggered Operation ............................................................................................... 43
7.8.1 External Trigger Input ...........................................................................................43
7.8.2 Trigger Output .......................................................................................................43
7.9 Level Offset and Compensation Tables .................................................................. 43
7.9.1 Dynamic Range and Maximum Signal ..................................................................43
7.9.2 Creating and using Compensation Tables ............................................................44
7.10 Limit Lines & the Limits Comparator | Creating Limit Patterns ............................ 44
7.10.1 Setting Limits ........................................................................................................44
7.10.2 The Limit Comparator ...........................................................................................45
7.10.3 Creating and Loading Limit Patterns .....................................................................45
7.10.4 Limit Offset ............................................................................................................45
7.10.5 Limit Fix/Unfix .......................................................................................................45
7.10.6 Creating and Loading Channel Markers ................................................................46
7.11 The Logging Function .......................................................................................... 46
7.11.1 The Logging Control Menu ...................................................................................46
7.11.2 Manual Logging ....................................................................................................47
7.11.2.1 The Run/Stop key and Sweep Control key .....................................................47
7.11.3 Logging from the Timer .........................................................................................47
7.11.4 Logging from External Trigger ...............................................................................47
7.11.5 Logging from Amplitude Limits ..............................................................................48
7.11.6 Logging Every Sweep (Continuous) ......................................................................48
7.11.7 File Sizes and Maximum Logging Times ...............................................................48
7.11.8 Viewing and Analyzing Logging Files ....................................................................48
8 USB Connections | File System & File Types ........................................................... 48
8.1.1 Understanding USB Connections .........................................................................48
8.1.2 Using an External Flash Drive ...............................................................................49
8.1.3 Linking to a PC via USB ........................................................................................49
8.2 File System and File Types .................................................................................... 50
8.2.1 Internal Filing System Organisation ......................................................................50
8.2.2 File Types .............................................................................................................50
8.2.3 Trace Files ............................................................................................................50
8.2.4 Screen Image Files ...............................................................................................50
8.2.5
Setup Files ............................................................................................................51
8.2.6 Other File Types ...................................................................................................51
8.2.6.1 Compensation Tables ....................................................................................51
8.2.6.2 Limit Pattern and Channel Marker Files .........................................................51
8.2.6.3 Logging Files ..................................................................................................51
9 Default Settings | Power On State | Hard Reset ....................................................... 51
9.1 Restoring to Factory Defaults ................................................................................. 51
9.2 Standard Preset ...................................................................................................... 52
9.3 Unrecoverable Fault Condition - Hard Reset .......................................................... 53
9.4 Power-On State ...................................................................................................... 53
10 Firmware Updates | Upgrades | Maintenance ........................................................ 53
10.1 Updating the Firmware ........................................................................................ 53
10.2 Upgrading the Firmware (Option U01) ................................................................ 53
10.3 Maintenance, Re-calibration & Cleaning ............................................................. 53
10.4 Battery Replacement ........................................................................................... 54
11 Safety Information ................................................................................................... 54
12 Specification ............................................................................................................ 55
13 Appendix A: Optional Accessories ........................................................................ 61
14 Appendix B: Test Bridge PSA Software ................................................................. 61
15 Appendix C: Factory Default Settings .................................................................... 62
16 Appendix D: Menu Tree Diagram ........................................................................... 63

1 Product Introduction

*Better than -115 dBm from 11MHz to 2.7GHz (Better than -100 dBm from 1MHz to 10MHz)

1.1 Items Supplied

Portable Spectrum Analyzer (PSA1303 or PSA2703) with removable stylus and detachable
bench-stand/screen-protector.
Spare stylus duplicates the stylus fitted into the instrument. USB lead Mini B plug to standard A plug. Trigger input converter plug 3.5mm jack to BNC socket. AC line power-supply/charger Universal voltage with interchangeable country specific plugs. Safety Documentation & Quick Start Guide (English, French, German, Italian and Spanish).

1.2 Using this Manual - Cross References

This manual covers both the PSA2703 and PSA1303 spectrum analyzers. Within the text they may be referred to jointly as PSAxx03 or PSA Series 3. The manual includes many cross references which are shown as follows - see section X.X. The Table of Contents is also fully hyperlinked.

1.3 Product Description and Capabilities

The PSA2703 and PSA1303 are fully portable RF spectrum analyzers that incorporate a high­resolution colour TFT touch screen. They are sufficiently small and lightweight to be operated as true handheld instruments and have a battery life of up to 6 hours after a full charge.
As bench instruments they can be powered by the supplied ac-line adaptor/charger. They can be set horizontally or vertically, or at an angle of about 40 degrees using the built-in tilt stand. For field use, the stand can be moved to the top of the instrument to form a screen protector and sun shield.
The frequency range is 1MHz to 2700MHz (PSA2703) or 1MHz to 1300MHz (PSA1303). The span can be set between 0.0270 MHz and 2699.000 MHz or 1299.000 MHz respectively with a setting resolution of 100Hz. Start, stop, or centre frequencies can be set to the same resolution. The resolution bandwidth (RBW) is selectable between 300Hz to 10MHz in a 1:3:10 sequence or can be set via an Auto function. Video bandwidth (VBW) is similarly settable between 300Hz and 10MHz or RBW tracking, where the VBW is set to be equal to he the RBW.
The on-screen amplitude range is approximately 84 dB with a reference level variable between
-40dBm and +10dBm. Amplitudes can alternatively be displayed in dBµV. Vertical magnification down to 1dB/div can be selected. Average noise floor is typically better than
-115dBm* at -40dBm reference level and 10 kHz RBW / 1kHz VBW.
Sweeps can be repeating or single shot, and the trace can be normal (over-write), peak hold or average (2 to 48 sweeps). Audio demodulation is provided via a built-in speaker.
Multiple detector modes include Positive Peak (default), Negative Peak, Alternate Peak, Lin or Log Average, RMS, and Sample.
Twin vertical marker lines are available giving a readout of frequency and amplitude together with difference values. Markers can be manually positioned or automatically peak finding or tracking. A frequency counter can be used at the marker position with resolution down to 10Hz.
A reference trace and a view trace can be displayed in addition to the live trace. Up to 999 traces can be stored to permanent memory for recall to the screen or for data export. 999 instrument set-ups and 999 complete screen bitmaps can also be stored. All files can be given user defined names.
USB interfaces are provided for direct file transfer to a PC or for connection of a USB Flash drive.
Extensive convenience features for repetitive operation include auto-set, frequency presets, and storage of the instrument state together with the trace file for simultaneous or independent recall.
Pressing the Status/Help hard key brings up a full status screen and access to help screens relevant to the current menu position.
An optional upgrade package (retro installable) provides additional features including, data logging, sweep triggering, limit patterns, compensation tables, and more - see section 6.
More details of the product capabilities are given in the Specifications - section 15.

1.4 Initial Use - Charging the Battery | Switching On

As supplied, the internal battery is likely to be partly or fully discharged. At first use, the instrument should therefore be plugged into the charger until the light next to the charge socket stops flashing, a full charge typically takes three hours- see section 2.1.1. The instrument can still be used during this period.
The instrument is turned on or off by pressing the small round key marked Power for about one second. When turning on, the screen backlight will flash briefly and a short beep will sound to indicate that the key press has been recognised, there is then a short delay as the PSA boots.
If the battery is too far discharged to allow operation, the instrument will turn off again and a second short beep will be sounded.
1.4.1 Setting the Date and Time
The instrument contains a real-time clock that is used for time stamping of files. As supplied the date and/or time may be incorrect.
Date and time can be checked from page 5 of the Status screens or can be checked and altered from Setup/Functions > System/File Ops > Status / System > Power/Clock.
Note that the date format is DD-MM-YY, and the time format is 24 hours.

2 Basics of Operation

2.1 External Connections

2.1.1 DC Power Input
DC power to operate and/or recharge the instrument is connected via a 1.3mm power socket mounted on the right-hand side of the instrument.
Use ONLY the power-supply/charger provided by Aim-TTi with the unit. Use of any other power source will void the warranty.
The red lamp next to the socket flashes whilst charging is taking place and becomes continuous once charging is complete.
2.1.2 RF Signal Input
The signal to be measured is connected via a standard N connector mounted at the top of the instrument. The input impedance is 50 Ohms. The maximum useable signal input is +10dBm or +117 dBuV. The absolute maximum signal input level is +23dBm (above 50MHz, see graph below) or +130dBuV of RF power (approximately 4 volts RMS), or 50V DC.
Applying a signal above this level could damage the unit and such damage would not be covered by the product warranty.
2.1.3 Demodulated Audio Output
Demodulated audio (when in Zero Span Mode) is available via the built-in speaker, with the volume level adjustable from within the application. The signal is also provided via a 3.5mm
stereo jack socket mounted at the top of the instrument. Maximum power output is 30 milliwatts into 32 Ohms.
The signal is mono, but connection can be made using either a mono or stereo plug. In the latter case the signal will be present on both channels. Connecting the jack plug automatically disconnects the internal speaker.
2.1.4 USB Host Connector (for USB Flash Memory)
A standard USB type A connector is provided on the left-hand side of the instrument which is revealed by moving the sliding cover towards the top of the instrument. This is intended exclusively for the connection of a USB Flash memory stick. See section 9.1.2 for full information.
2.1.5 USB Device Connector (for connection to a PC)
A USB type mini-B connector is provided on the left-hand side of the instrument which is revealed by moving the sliding cover towards the base of the instrument. This is intended exclusively for connection to a personal computer. See section 9.1.3 for full information.
2.1.6 Trigger Input/Output
A 3.5mm mono jack socket is mounted at the top of the instrument for trigger signals. This has no function unless option U01 is fitted - see section 6.1.5. An adaptor is provided that converts from the jack socket to a standard BNC connector.

2.2 Bench-top and Portable Use

The instrument is intended for both hand-held and bench-top applications. It has rubber feet for horizontal or vertical use or can be angled using the tilt stand.
2.2.1 Tilt Stand
The instrument is supplied with the tilt stand folded away and magnetically latched at the bottom of the instrument. It can be hinged outwards to tilt the unit at an angle of about 40 degrees.
2.2.2 Screen Protector and Sun Shield
To protect the screen when in transit, the tilt stand can be detached from the bottom of the instrument and re-attached on the top to act as a screen protector.
The stand is removed by flexing it outwards at the hinged end until the lugs disengage from the sockets.
For outdoors use, the screen protector can be hinged upwards to form a sun shield which improves the screen visibility in direct sunlight.
When not required, it can be detached and stowed away on the back of the instrument where it functions as a tilt stand.

2.3 Batteries and AC Line Power

2.3.1 Battery Operation
The instruments operate from an internal Lithium-ion rechargeable battery which can provide up to 6 hours of continuous operation (screen brightness dependent).
The battery condition is indicated on the display via a multi-segment battery symbol. When it changes colour to yellow, expected battery life has fallen below 30 minutes. When it turns red, expected battery life has fallen below 10 minutes, and the analyzer should be recharged.
The approximate battery life remaining is also displayed in hours and minutes within the Status information screens.
The battery is charged from the supplied 5V/2A charger which can recharge a fully discharged battery in under 3 hours.
When the battery is being charged, the red light next to the charging socket flashes. When charging is complete, flashing ceases but the lamp remains illuminated while the charger is connected.
It is also possible to slow charge the instrument from the USB port of a personal computer provided that the instrument is turned off. Charge time may be up to 10 hours. Connection to the PC must be made from the mini-USB “device” port of the instrument using the supplied cable. It is not possible to operate the instrument from USB power.
2.3.2 AC Line Operation
For bench-top operation, the instrument can be operated continuously from the supplied ac-line operated charger. The internal power management circuitry ensures that the battery cannot be overcharged.
2.3.3 Power Saving for Battery Operation
The battery life of the instrument is affected by the screen brightness which can be adjusted over a wide range (see section 4.8.2). Setting the brightness to maximum, for example, will reduce battery life by up to 2 hour relative to the normal setting (40%).
To conserve the battery the instrument should be turned off when not in use. In addition, Auto­Off mode can be selected whereby the unit turns off automatically after a defined period from the last key press. The period can be set between 5 and 60 minutes - see section 4.9.3.2. Auto­Off is automatically disabled when external power is connected, and when data-logging is enabled. All data is retained when the instrument is off.
A short beep is sounded when the instrument turns off.

2.4 Display and Controls Layout

Fig. 1
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2.5 Touch Screen Operation

The normal mode of operation of the spectrum analyzer is by using the touch-screen keys within the display supplemented, when required, by the hard keys below.
The touch screen keys are normally operated by pressing with the finger or thumb but can alternatively be operated using the supplied stylus.
2.5.1 Fingertip Operation
The touch screen is a resistive single-touch type (rather than the capacitive multi-touch type used on many smart phones).
It can be operated by pressing the key area firmly with the soft part of the finger or thumb. However, for greater positional accuracy it can also be operated by pressing gently with the fingernail.
When a key is depressed, its colour changes from blue to purple. The key action is performed when the key is released.
2.5.2 Stylus Operation
Some users may prefer to use a stylus to operate the touch screen. The supplied stylus has a soft point. Sharply pointed objects should never be used to operate the screen as they could cause damage.
The stylus should be replaced into its mounting slot at the base of the instrument to prevent it being mislaid. The stylus design is compatible with those used with the Nintendo DS handheld games console, and spares are widely available.
2.5.3 Operation using only the Hard Keys
It is also possible to use the spectrum analyzer without touching the screen at all, by using the five “navigator” hard keys to operate each of the touch screen functions. See section 7.2 for a full explanation of this mode of operation.
2.5.4 Navigator Keys - Mode Selection
The five hard keys that make up the Navigator have two alternative modes of operation which are selected by the small, illuminated keys on either side.
The modes are: Control Markers (default) - see section 4.6.2.1, and Navigate Screen - see section 7.2.
Whenever the navigator mode is changed, an information box appears explaining the current action of the navigator keys. If preferred this can be turned off - see section 4.9.3.3.

2.6 Instrument Status Information

The most important elements of the instrument status are displayed at the top of the screen (see Fig. 1 in section 2.4). Further status information relevant to the current menu function is shown directly above the key area.
In addition, the full status of the instrument can be displayed at any time by pressing the hard key marked Status/Help - see section 4.9.1.

2.7 On-screen Help

The instrument incorporates extensive help information to assist the user. Help is accessed by pressing the hard key marked Status/Help - see section 4.9.2.
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3 Quick Start Guide

It is recommended that all users, including those fully familiar with RF spectrum analyzers, take a little time to read through this instruction manual before using the instrument. However, for users who wish to get started with hands-on operation as quickly as possible, the following may prove useful.
1. Press and hold the Power key until a short beep is heard. Wait a few seconds and then check the battery condition indicator on the display. If it shows less than ¼ full the instrument should be connected to its charger.
2. Connect the signal to be measured to the N-type connector at the top of the instrument. The maximum allowable signal without damage is +23dBm (+130dBuV >50MHz or +/-50V DC). The maximum measurable signal is +10dBm (+ 117dBuV). If there is a possibility of the signal exceeding these levels, add suitable in-line attenuation.
3. Ensure that the Navigator keys are set to Control Markers (key illuminated green). If not press the round key marked Control Markers. This also selects touch-screen key control.
4. Press the hard key marked Presets (Auto-Set). Select Auto Set and press Execute.
The instrument will perform a full span sweep (1MHz to 1300/2700MHz) at maximum reference level (+10dBm) and find the highest level within the sweep. It will then perform a number of further sweeps at narrower spans and, where appropriate, lower reference levels.
During this time a red background message of Status: SCANNING will be displayed. When finished the message will become Status: COMPLETE.
When Auto Set has completed, the analyzer should be set with a fairly narrow span (typically 10MHz) centred on the signal with the M1 marker at the centre frequency and in Peak-find mode (indicated by an upwards arrow prior to the M1 readout). RBW will be set to Auto and VBW to Track.
5. Press Exit to return to the main menu.
The M2 marker can be turned on from the hard key marked Control Markers. Markers are moved using the Navigator hard keys – Left/Right moves the markers, Up sets peak-find mode where the selected marker jumps to peaks within the trace, Down sets scroll mode where the marker moves across the screen in one-pixel steps (1/270 under control is selected by the centre key (M1/M2) and indicated by an arrow before the marker readout.
From the main menu adjustments can be made to centre frequency and span (or start and stop), sweep mode, detector type, RBW and VBW, reference level, displayed traces and markers.
The menu system is hierarchical with each top-line key selecting a set of five second line sub-menu keys. Each of these provides access to a set of keys on the bottom line that perform the actual functions.
Context sensitive help for each sub-menu group can be accessed by pressing the hard key marked “Status (Help)” then “Help”, followed by “Context Help”. This provides sufficient information to understand the principles of operation.
th
of the span). The marker currently
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4 Operation using the Menu System

Freq/ Span
Sweep/
BW
Level/ Limits
Traces/
Markers
Setup/
Functions
Centre
Span
Start/
Stop
Step Size
Freq
Presets
Freq/ Span
The default menu system for the spectrum analyzer consists of three rows of five keys. The upper row represents the top level of the menu system and defines five “menu groups” as follows:
enables the frequency range of sweep to be set in terms of start and stop frequencies or centre frequency plus span, as well as zero span demodulation.
enables control of the sweep and bandwidth filtering for the sweep. Controls are provided for RBW and VBW settings, sweep mode, sweep time, sweep control and detector type selection. When option U01 is fitted, it also controls sweep triggering.
enables the reference level to be changed, the amplitude units to be changed, and the vertical scaling to be altered. When option U01 is fitted, it also enables the setup and control of limit lines and patterns, and the application of external offsets
and compensation tables.
provides control of the display traces including trace processing modes, along with the storage function for both traces and screen images. Also provides setup and control of the measurement markers.
provides access to the storage of instrument setups and access to system utilities and setting of the frequency counter gate time. When option U01 is fitted, it also provides access to automatic logging functions.
Each group has up to five “sub-groups” which appear on the middle row of keys. The currently selected group and sub-group is shown by the relevant key being dark blue.
The bottom row of keys represents the “functions” that can be performed for each of the many sub-groups. These keys may perform an immediate action, or bring up a pop-up menu, or create a special control screen for numeric entry or file operations.
See Appendix D, section 19, for a graphical summary of the menu tree.

4.1 Setting the Frequency Range of the Sweep

This menu group controls the frequency range for the current sweep of the spectrum analyzer.
The range can be set in terms of either a centre frequency plus a span width, or in terms of a start frequency and a stop frequency.
Pressing Centre or Span will cause the frequency range to be displayed at the top of the screen in terms of a centre frequency and a span. Pressing Start/Stop will cause it to be displayed in terms of a start frequency and a stop frequency.
The lowest start frequency is 1MHz. The highest stop frequency is 2700MHz or 1300MHz. The minimum span width is 0.027MHz which results in minimum and maximum centre frequencies of 1.0135MHz and 2699.9865MHz or 1299.9865MHz respectively.
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4.1.1 Centre
Centre
Set
Centre
Set
C=M1
Set
C=Pk
Step
Down
Step
Up
Span
Set
Span
Set Span
to MΔ
Zoom
Out
Zoom
In
Zero
Span
Start Stop
Set
Start
Set
Stop
Start=M1 Stop=M2
controls the centre frequency for the sweep. Also sets the annotation to Centre/Span if it was previously Start/Stop. Creates a set of bottom-row function keys as follows:
enables the centre frequency to be set to a specific value. The menu keys are replaced by a numeric keyboard from which a centre frequency can be entered in MHz to a resolution of 0.0001 (100Hz).
Press OK to activate the new frequency without leaving the screen or OK & Exit to return to the Centre menu. Once a new frequency has been set from this screen, the Previous key can be used to return to the previous frequency and then toggle between the two.
Pressing Set by Tab/Jog selects an alternative setting screen in which frequencies are set by “jogging” each digit up or down. Note that whichever method of setting frequency is used becomes the default whenever Set Centre is pressed. See section
7.3 for an illustrated description of frequency setting.
sets the centre frequency to the frequency value of the M1 marker (when active).
sets the centre frequency to the frequency value of the highest amplitude point in the current sweep.
changes the centre frequency by the value of the step size
- see section 4.1.4.
4.1.2 Span
controls the span for the sweep. Also sets the annotation to Centre/Span if it was previously Start/Stop. Creates a set of bottom-row function keys as follows:
enables the span to be set to a specific value. The method for setting the span is similar to that for setting the Centre frequency - see section 7.3 for an illustrated description of frequency setting.
sets the span equal to the frequency difference between the M1 and M2 markers (if active).
changes the sweep mode of the spectrum analyser and opens the Zero Span sub menu - see section 4.2.
4.1.3 Start/Stop
controls the start and stop frequencies for the sweep. Also sets the annotation to Start/Stop if it was previously Centre/Span. Creates a set of bottom-row function keys as follows:
sets the span to a higher or lower value in a 1-2-5 sequence starting from the existing span value. (Example: if the existing span is 1.7MHz, the first press of Zoom Out will take it to 2MHz and the next press to 5MHz).
enables the start or stop frequency to be set to a specific value. The method for setting these is similar to that for setting the Centre frequency
- see section 7.3 for an illustrated description of frequency setting.
sets the start frequency to the frequency of the M1 marker and the stop frequency to the frequency of the M2 marker. M1 and M2 must both be active and M2 must be at a higher frequency than M1.
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reverts to the start and stop frequencies that existed directly before the
-more­1 of 2
Fix
Start
Fix
Stop
Step
Down
Step
Up
-more­2 of 2
Step Size
Auto
Span/10
Set to
MΔ
Set to
Centre
Set to
M1
Freq
Presets
Full
Span
Set
Step
Store
Preset
Undo
Start=M1/Stop=M2 key was pressed.
opens a second set of actions keys: Fix Start/Fix Stop and Step Down/Step Up.
changes the action of the Step Up/Down keys so that only the stop frequency or start frequency respectively is changed by the step value.
The fixed start or stop frequency is preceded by the word Fix. Pressing the key again or leaving this function-set (by pressing -more- 2 of 2 or any group or sub-group key) will cancel the fixed start or stop frequency.
changes the start and/or stop frequencies by the value of the step size
(see next section). The action of the Fix Start/Fix Stop keys determines
whether both are stepped or only one is stepped.
Note that, if the start or stop frequency is “fixed” and the step size is set to Auto, the step size will change on each press of step up/down so that it is always equal to one graticule division.
returns to the alternative set of action keys for Start-Stop. Cancels the fixed start or stop frequency if set.
4.1.4 Step Size
sets the size of frequency stepping using the Step Up/Down keys. When relevant, the current step size is displayed within a green box above the keys. Creates a set of bottom-row function keys as follows:
enables the step size to be set to a specific value. The method for setting the step size is similar to that for setting the Centre frequency - see section 7.1 for an illustrated description of frequency setting.
causes the step size to be automatically linked to the width of the span. Thus, Step Up/Down will cause the centre frequency to change in steps of one graticule division. Auto step size is indicated by the word Auto above the step size value.
sets the step size equal to the frequency difference between the M1 and M2 markers (if active).
sets the step size equal to either the centre frequency or to the frequency
of the M1 marker (if active). This can be useful for observing the
harmonics of a fundamental frequency.
4.1.5 Frequency Presets
enables up to six frequency ranges to be quickly stored and recalled. Only the centre and span (or equivalent start and stop frequencies) are stored. This differs from a Trace State or Set-up file for which more parameters are stored (see sections
9.2.3 or 9.2.5 respectively). Frequency presets are retained when the instrument is off. Creates a set of bottom-row function keys as follows:
sets the sweep to the full range of the instrument (1MHz to 1.3GHz or 2.7GHz).
brings up a menu of six preset numbers (1 to 6) into which the current value of the sweep frequency range can be stored. Existing values are over-written.
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brings up a menu of six preset numbers (1 to 6) which recall previously stored
Recall Preset
Toggle
Last
Audio
Demod
Exit
Z-Span
Demod
Type
Depth/
Dev.
Audio
Volume.
frequency ranges. Empty positions are ignored.
switches between the current sweep frequency range and the last range to be recalled from a preset (or from Full Span).
4.1.6 Sweep Time
The normal sweep time and update rate is automatically set from the Span and the RBW and is displayed within the lower annotation area. Narrower RBW settings create longer sweep times. For each RBW, the normal sweep time is broadly proportional to the frequency span. The sweep time can be manually reduced at the expense of amplitude accuracy. See section 4.3.2.

4.2 Zero Span Mode (Demodulation Mode)

Zero span is a special case of frequency range setting. It is set from the Span sub-menu - see section 4.1.2. Pressing Zero Span removes the normal sweep display and enables audio demodulation of AM and FM signals.
Pressing Zero Span brings up an alternative set of function keys as follows:
creates sub-menu from which audio demodulation of AM and FM signals can be controlled. See section 4.2.1.
exits zero span mode and returns to a normal swept trace and the normal Span sub­menu key functions.
4.2.1 Audio Demodulation Sub Menu
The demodulated audio is routed to a built-in loudspeaker. Alternatively, the audio can be outputted via a 3.5mm jack socket - see section 2.1.3.
selects the type of demodulation as AM or FM.
enables the AM depth or FM deviation to be adjusted using Up/Down keys. The range is 1.25%/div to 25%/div equivalent to +/-5% to +/-100% full scale (AM) or
0.25kHz/div to 250kHz/div equivalent to +/-1kHz to +/-1MHz full scale (FM).
controls the volume in 15 steps as shown on a bar graph. The audio can also be muted and a hiss reducing filter applied.
Note that the RBW needs to be set appropriately for the modulation. As a broad guide the RBW should be set greater than the channel bandwidth. However, setting an excessively wide RBW will introduce unnecessary noise.
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4.3 Setting the Sweep, Bandwidth (RBW / VBW) & Detector

RBW/
VBW
Sweep
Time
Sweep
Control
Detector
Type
Sweep/
BW
RBW/
VBW
RBW
Auto
RBW
Set
Sweep
Time
Manual
Down
Manual
Up
VBW
Track
Auto
(Norm)
VBW
Offset
VBW
Set
This menu group controls the sweep, the resolution bandwidth filters and the detector mode.
This enables the resolution bandwidth of the sweep filter and the subsequent video filtering to be controlled along with sweep time (normal or fast) and the type of sweep (repeat or single). It also provides control of the detector, and options for changing the image rejection method (sweep mode). If option U01 is fitted, sweep triggering can also be controlled.
4.3.1 RBW / VBW
controls the resolution bandwidth of the sweep filter prior to the detector (RBW) and
of the filter that follows the detector (VBW). A narrower RBW provides greater
frequency resolution and lower noise but increases the sweep time. A narrower VBW similarly reduces noise but increases sweep time creates a set of bottom-row function keys as follows:
causes the RBW to be automatically changed to suit the frequency span. The RBW
value is displayed at the top of the screen and is preceded by the word Auto.
cancels Auto mode and creates a pop-up menu from which a specific RBW value
can be selected. The range is 300Hz to 10MHz in a 1:3:10 sequence. The selected
value is displayed at the top of the screen.
causes the VBW to be automatically changed to track the RBW value subject to the
VBW offset. The VBW value is displayed at the top of the screen and is preceded by
the word Trk.
cancels Track mode and creates a pop-up menu from which a specific VBW value
can be selected. The range is 300Hz to 10MHz in a 1:3:10 sequence. The selected
value is displayed at the top of the screen.
sets the relationship between VBW and RBW for VBW Track mode. Positive
numbers set a VBW one or more steps higher while negative numbers set it one or
more steps lower. The default is zero
4.3.2 Sweep Time (and the Sweep Progress Indicator Line)
The normal sweep time and update rate is automatically set from the Span and the RBW and is displayed within the lower annotation area. Narrower RBW settings create longer sweep times. For each RBW, the normal sweep time is broadly proportional to the frequency span. The sweep time can be manually reduced at the expense of amplitude accuracy.
enables the sweep to be speeded up at the expense of level accuracy. Creates a
set of bottom-row function keys as follows:
selects the normal sweep time and ensures the highest degree of level accuracy.
The sweep time is dependent upon the span and the RBW/VBW settings and is
displayed in seconds within the lower annotation area followed by [N].
enables the sweep time to be reduced in order to speed up the response to changing events
. Three levels of speed up are available indiciated by
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[F1], [F2], [F3] replacing the [N] after the sweep time display. To warn the user of reduced level
Sweep
Repeat
Single
Sweep
Trigger
Single
ReArm
Units/
Graticule
Ref
Level
Scale/
Shift
Offset/ Tables
Limits
Level/
Limits
Units/
Graticule
dBm
measurement accuracy, a yellow background is applied. The maximum levels of sweep time reduction are 2, 5 or 10 but the actual reductions are dependent upon span and RBW/VBW settings – see section 7.5.4.
For sweep times longer than about 1 second, a yellow indicator line below the graticule indicates the progress of the sweep – see section 4.5.2.
4.3.3 Sweep Control
controls how and when the sweep runs. Creates a set of bottom-row function keys
as follows:
causes the sweep to be automatically restarted after the completion of the previous
sweep unless halted by the Sweep Control key (or the Sweep Trigger settings).
enables single sweeps that are commenced by the Sweep Control key (or the
Sweep Trigger settings).
Note that, whenever the sweep is stopped, whether in repeat or single mode, changing the frequency span or the reference level will re-run the sweep once.
Sweep Trigger is only available with the upgrade option U01 is fitted. It provides a
choice of how the sweep is started or stopped. The trigger source can be manual,
external, or internal from limit lines or patterns. See section 4.3.4.2 for an explanation of trigger functions.
provides a choice of automatic or manual re-arming of the trigger when triggering is
enabled, and the sweep mode is set to Single.
When the menu system is set to Sweep/BW the sweep status is displayed in the lower annotation area directly above the keys.

4.4 Setting the Level Attenuator, Amplitude Scale, and Limits

This menu group controls the input attenuator, thus changing the reference level, and controls the measurement units and scaling of the amplitude display. When option U01 is fitted, it also enables the sweep amplitude to be compared with limit lines or patterns and the use of level offset and compensation tables.
4.4.1 Measurement Units and Graticule
sets the measurement units and controls the graticule display. Creates a set of
bottom-row function keys as follows:
provides measurement in dBm (dB milliwatts into 50 Ohms, where 0dBm = 1mW)
and sets the graticule and graticule markings accordingly.
Page 18
provides measurement in dBuV (dB micro volts across 50 Ohms, where 0dBuV =
Scale/
Shift
Scale
Shift
Down
Shift
Down
Offset/ Tables
Clear
All
dBuV
Graticule
Ref
Level
Set Ref
Ref.
Step
Ref
-
Ref
+
1uV) and sets the graticule and graticule markings accordingly.
creates a pop-up menu enabling the Graticule to be dimmed, set to horizontal lines
only, or turned off completely.
Note that, when the measurement units are set to dBuV, the top graticule division is reduced to 7dB in order that subsequent graticule lines correspond to whole decade values.
4.4.2 Reference Level
The reference level represents the maximum signal that can be displayed. The top line of the graticule is at the reference level unless Scale/Shift is being used (see section 4.4.3).
The reference level is variable between -40dBm (67dB) and +10dBm (117dBuV) to a resolution of 1dB. Its current value is displayed in the top annotation area.
the reference level for amplitude measurement can be set either numerically or by
increment/decrement keys:
opens a numeric keyboard from which the reference level can be set directly as a
numeric value in dBm or dBuV.
creates a pop-up menu from which the increment/decrement step size can be set as
1dB, 2dB or 5dB.
increments or decrements the reference level value by the step size set with the Set Step key.
4.4.3 Vertical Scaling
enables the vertical amplitude scaling to be changed. Creates a set of bottom-row
function keys as follows:
creates a pop-up menu enabling the vertical scaling to be set to 10dB/div (the
default) through to 1dB/div.
For scales below 10dB/div only a portion of the sweep amplitude will be visible and the Shift Up/Shift down keys can be used to pan the trace through the amplitude range of the graticule. These keys auto-repeat.
4.4.4 Amplitude Offset and Compensation Tables (when fitted)
enables the amplitude scaling to be offset to match external attenuation or gain, or
to add frequency dependent amplitude compensation tables to match transducers or
antennae. These functions are only available when the upgrade option U01 is fitted ­see section 6. Creates a set of bottom-row function keys as follows:
cancels any offset or compensations that have been set and returns the amplitude
scaling to normal.
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