Agilent Pagewriter 100, Pagewriter 200, Pagewriter 300 Service manual

PageWriter 100, 200 and 300 Series Cardiographs
M1770A, M1771A, and M1772A
Mobile Cart M1705B

Service Manual

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Notice

WARNING

0Notice

The information in this document is subject to change without notice.

Agilent Technologies makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material,
including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a
particular purpose. Agilent Technologies shall not be liable for errors contained herein or
for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance,
or use of this material.

This document contains or refers to proprietary information which is protected by
copyright. All rights are reserved. No part of this document may be photocopied,
reproduced, or translated to another language without the prior written consent of Agilent
Technologies Company.

Responsibility of the Manufacturer

Agilent Technologies only considers itself responsible for any effects on safety, reliability
and performance of the equipment if all the following are true:

• Assembly operations, extensions, re-adjustments, modifications or repairs are done by
persons authorized by Agilent Technologies.

• The electrical installation of the relevant room complies with the IEC or national requ ire­ments.

• The instrument is used according to the instructions for use presented in this manual.

As with all electronic equipment, radio frequency interference between this
cardiograph and any existing RF transmitting or receiving equipment at the
installation site, including electrosurgical equipment, should be evaluated
carefully and any limitations noted before the equipment is placed in service.
Monitoring during electrosurgery should not be attempted and monitoring
electrodes should be removed from the patient to preclude the possibility of
burns. Radio frequency generation from electrosurgical equipment and close
proximity transmitters may seriously degrade cardiograph performance. Agilent
Technologies assumes no liability for failures resulting from RF interference
between Agilent medical electronics and any radio frequency generating
equipment at levels exceeding those established by applicable standards.

ii

Notice

CAUTION

CAUTION

Like all electronic devices, this cardiograph is susceptible to electrostatic discharge
(ESD). Electrostatic discharge typically occurs when electrostatic energy is transferred to
the patient, the electrodes, or the cardiograph. ESD may result in ECG artifact that may
appear as narrow spikes on the cardiograph display or on the printed report. When ESD

occurs, the cardiograph’s ECG interpretation may be inconsistent with the physician’s
interpretation.

ESD discharges to expose d m etal on th e rear of the cardiograph can o ccasion ally cau se an
error message to appear on the cardiograph display. The cardiograph returns to normal
operation after turning the power off, then on again.

The data transmission cable must have a suppression device attached to assure the
cardiograph’s compliance with the European Radiated Emissions Standard found in
CISPR 11. If your data transmission cable does not include a suppression device,
compliance can be achieved by attaching one of the following suppression devices to the
cable, near the cardiograph:

part number 0443164251 Fair-Rite Products Corporation

P. O. Box J
One Commercial Row
Wallkill, New York 12589
telephone: [phone]
FAX: [phone]

or
Euro-Schaffner, S. A.

1 B Avenue de Suisse - BP 16
68311 Illzach Cedex, France
telephone: [phone]
FAX: [phone]

part number 28B2025-0A0 Steward

East 36th Street
P. O. Box 510
Chattanooga, TN 37401
telephone: [phone]
FAX: [phone]

or
Steward EMC, S.A.

Rue Fritz-Couvoisier 40
Ch-2300 La Chaux-de-Fonds
Switzerland
telephone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

This is to certify that this equipment is in accordance with the Radio Interference
Requirements of the EMC Directive.

iii

Notice

Medical Device Directive

The PageWriter M1770 series of cardiographs comply with the requirements of the Medi­cal Device Directive 93/42/EEC and carries the

Authorized EU-representative:
Agilent Technologies GmbH
Herrenbergerstrasse 130
D-71034 Boeblingen,
Germany

Fax: [phone]

mark accordingly.

0123

Warranty

Agilent Technologies warrants this medical product against defects in materials and
workmanship for a period of three years in certain geographics, or one year with onsite
support.

If Agilent Technologies receives notice of such defects during the warranty period,
Agilent T echn olog ies shall, at its option, either repair or replace hardware pr odu cts which
prove to be defective.

Agilent Technologies software and firmware products that are designated by Agilent
Technologies for use with a hardware product, when properly installed on that hardware
product, are warranted not to fail to execute their programming instructions due to defects
during the warranty period. Agilent Technologies shall repair or replace software media
and firmware that do not execute their programming instructions due to such defects.
Agilent Technologies does not warrant that the operation of the software, firmware, or
hardware shall be uninterrupted or error free.

If Agilent Technologies is unable, within a reasonable time, to repair or replace any
product to a condition as warranted, Buyer shall be entitled to a refund of the purchase
upon return of the product to Agilent Technologies.

Limitation of Warranty

The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulti ng from any of the following:

1. Improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer.

2. Buyer-supplied software or interfacing.

3. Unauthorized modification or misuse.

4. Operation outside of the environmental specifications for the product.

5. Improper site preparation and maintenance.

iv

Notice

THE WARRANTY SET FORTH ABOVE IS EXCLUSIVE AND NO OTHER
WARRANTY, WHETHER WRITTEN OR ORAL, IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED.
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE.

Printing History

October 1994 Edition 1
May 1996 Edition 2
October 1998 Edition 3
December 1999 Edition 4

v

Safety Summary

0Safety Summary

Safety Symbols Marked on the Cardiograph

The following symbols are used on the cardiograph or the cart:

Caution - See operating instructions

Alternating current.

Meets IEC type CF leakage current requirements and is defibrillator
protected. (Isolated ECG input.)

Equipotential (identifies independent protective earth conductor to the
cardiograph).

Fuse.

Indicates power control for cardiograph.

Hz Indicates operating frequency in cycles per second.

The maximum weight that the cart can hold

Displays the configuration menu on the PageWriter
200/200i/300pi.

Please see Chapter 2, “Performance Verificati on and Maintenance,” for safety
requirements that apply to the cardiograph.

vi

Conventions Used in This Manual

WARNING

CAUTION

NOTE

0Conventions Used in This Manual

Warning statements describe conditions or actions that can result in personal
injury or loss of life.

Caution statements describe conditions or actions th at can result in damage to the
equipment or software.

Notes contain additional information on cardiog raph usage.

TEXT

.H\

Softkey

represents the labels that appear on the display.

represents keys on the key panel.

represents the temporary key labels that appear on the display.

vii

Preface

0Preface

This manual contains service information for the Agilent M1770A pageWriter 300pi,
PageWriter 200i, M1771A PageWriter 200, and M1772A PageWriter 100 cardiographs.
The information and procedures in this manual apply to all models unless otherwise
specified.

This manual is organized as follows:

• Chapter 1 — Introduction. Contains a gener al description of the cardiogr aphs, lists of
technical specifications, and lists of accessories and options.

• Chapter 2 — Performance V erification and Maintenance. Explains how to check the
cardiograph’ s perf ormance using buil t-in self-tes ts, and lists main tenance procedures and
safety requirements that apply to the cardiograph.

• Chapter 3 — Theory of Operation. Provides an overview of how the cardiograph

works and describes the operation of the m a jor subassemblies.

• Chapter 4 — Troubleshooting. Contains procedures and error codes to aid the service
person in localizing faults to a replaceable subassembly.

• Chapter 5 — Removal and Replacement. Contains procedures for removing and
replacing each of the cardiograph’s major subassemblies.

• Chapter 6 — Parts List. Lists part numbers for the cardiograph’s replaceable p arts, and
provides assembly drawings.

• Appendix A — Connector Pin Assign ment s. Identifies and defines the signals

assigned to the subassembly interconnections.

• Index

viii

Contents

Notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ii

Responsibility of the Manufacturer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ii

Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv

Limitation of Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv

Safety Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi

Safety Symbols Marked on the Cardiograph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi

Conventions Used in This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vii

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .viii

1. Introduction

PageWriter 100, 200, 200i, and 300pi Series Cardiographs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1

M1705B Cart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

Transmission and Storage, Option #A05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

Inquiries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3

Specification Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

Sampling Characteristics of Cardiograph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

Options and Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8

PageWriter 100, 200, 200i, and 300pi Cardiographs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-8

Country/Region Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8

Standard Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12

2. Performance Verification and Maintenance

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

Performance Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 -1

Visual Inspection and Power On Self Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

Extended Self-test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

Internal Circuitry Testing of PageWriter 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

Internal Circuitry Testing of PageWriter 200/200i/300pi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

Memory Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

How to Read the Extended Self-Test Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11

Display Test (PageWriter 200/200i/300pi only) 2-12

Indicator Light Test (PageWriter 100 only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12

Printer Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12

Keyboard Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-13

PageWriter 200/200i/300pi Keyboard Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13

PageWriter 100 Keyboard Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-13

ECG Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14

Changing the Default Operating Language (200/200i/300pi Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16

Resetting the Cardiograph to the Factory Default State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17

Resetting the PageWriter 200/200i/300pi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17

Resetting the PageWriter 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17

Preventive Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 -18

Care and Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18

Cleaning the Cardiograph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18

Cleaning the Keyboard Overlay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19

Cleaning the Digital Array Printhead and Paper Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-20

ix

Cleaning the Electrodes and Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-21

Caring for the Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22

Storing the Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22

Safety Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-23

PageWriter 100, 200/200i, and 300pi Series Performance Verification Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-24

3. Theory of Operation

Operational Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

ECG Data Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

Power-on and Power-off Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

Power-on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

Power-off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

Circuit Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

The Patient Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

CPU Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

CPU/System Oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

System Gate Array/Real-Time Crystal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

ECG Front End Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

Interrupt Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

DMA for ECG Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

DMA for LCD Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

System Reset Circuitry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

Watch-dog Circuitry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

Real-Time Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

DRAM RAS and CAS Generation and Refresh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

NVRAM Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

Keyboard Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

Display Control for PageWriter 20 and 300 Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

NVRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

ECG Front End . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

DRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

ROM-1 and ROM-2 Address Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

Printer Gate Array/SRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8

Motor Driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8

Analog/Digital Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8

Thermal Printhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8

System Expansion Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8

Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

Voltage Selector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

Primary Line Fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

Power Transformer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

Rectifier/Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10

Switch-Mode Battery Charger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10

Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10

VPRINT Boost Regulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10

Switched +6V Boost Regulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10

5V Linear Regulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10

ECG Front End . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11

Isolation Power Transformer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11

Front End Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11

Opto-Isolators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12

x

Integrated Front End Circuits/Oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12

Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12

Defibrillator Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12

Storage and Transmission (Option #A05 0nly) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13

M177XA Expansion Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14

Gate Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14

ROM-X1, ROM-X2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-14

Flash1, Flash2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15

VPROG Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15

Dual UART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15

18.432 MHz Oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15

RS232 Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15

Serial Port Connectors 1 and 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-15

4. Troubleshoo ting

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

Maintenance Philosophy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-1

Test Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

Test Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

Patient Cable Test Tool (M1770-87908). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-2

Front End and RS-232 Port Test Tool (M1770-87909, Rev. B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

Testing the Instrument Signal Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

Testing the Cardiograph’s RS-232 Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

The Error and Event Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

Using Extended Self-test in Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3

How the PageWriter 100 Communicates Error Codes and Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

PageWriter 100 Error Code Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

PageWriter 100 Error Message Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 -4

Troubleshooting Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4

Testing the Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-19

5. Removal and Replacement

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

Tool Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

The Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

Removing the Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

The Keyboard Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

Removing the Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

Removing the Keyboard Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 -4

Removing the Keyboard Flexible Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6

Removing the Keyboard Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-6

Replacing the Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7

The Top Cover Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8

Opening and Removing the Top Cover Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8

Replacing the Top Cover Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9

The Printer Door Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10

Removing the Printer Door Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10

Replacing the Printer Door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11

The Printer Drive Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11

Removing the Printer Drive Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11

Replacing the Printer Drive Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-12

xi

The Printhead Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13

Removing the Printhead Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13

Removing the Optical Paper Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-14

Replacing the Printhead Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15

The Control Board Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17

Removing the Control Board Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17

Replacing the Control Board Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17

The Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18

Removing the Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18

Replacing the Power Supply Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19

The Fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-20

The Internal Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21

Replacing the Power Supply Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21

Replacing the Capacitor Board Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22

Replacing the Printer Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-23

The Storage and Transmission Board Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-23

Removing the Storage and Transmission Board Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-23

6. Parts Lists

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

Ordering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2

Calling for Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

United States of America: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

Canada: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

Marketing Center Europe: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

Latin America: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

Medical Distribution: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

Asia Pacific Headquarters: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

Parts List 6-4

A. Connector Pin Assignments

CPU Assembly Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-1

xii

Introduction

WARNING

NOTE

This chapter introduces you to the M1770A PageWriter 200i/300pi, M1771A PageWriter
200, and M1772A PageWriter 100 cardiographs and lists their technical specifications.

These cardiographs are only to be serviced by Agilent qualified personnel.

Safe and effective use of medical instrumentation requires periodic inspection and
preventive maintenance. Perform the preventive maintenance procedures in Chapter 2 of

this manual at required intervals to ensure satisfactory instrument performance.

The cardiographs use a thermal printhead to record waveforms and label the ECG report.
The paper supplied with the cardiographs is a thermal paper designed to work with this
printhead and with the photo detector used to advancing the paper.

Agilent Technologies guarantees the performance of the cardiographs only when used
with Agilent Technologies supplies, accessories, and paper that meet or exceed Agilent
Technologies specifications.

0PageWriter 100, 200, 200i, and 300pi Series Cardiographs

The M1770A PageWriter 200i/300pi is Agilent Technologies’ economical, interpretive
cardiograph. The M1771A PageWriter 200 is the economical, non-interpretive
cardiograph. The M1772A PageWriter 100 is the most economical, non-interpretive
cardiograph. The cardiograph contains the user controls, the printer, and all the processing
circuitry. All models use the same enclosure. The M1705B cart is designed for these
cardiographs. Figure 1-1 shows the M1770A mounted on the cart. Option #A05 provides
transmission and storage capability for the M1770A and M1771A. The StressWriter
option provides capability for communication between a PageWriter 100/200/200i/300pi
cardiograph and a StressW riter system.

1-1

PageWriter 100, 200, 200i, and 300pi Series Cardiographs

Figure 1-1 M1770A/M1771A PageWriter 300pi/200i/200 Cardiograph.

The PageWriter 100, 200, and 300 family of cardiographs print ECGs in Auto and
Manual formats. All PageWriter cardiographs use a continuous feed, high-resolution,
thermal array printer. This produces electrocardiograms on standard- size paper that can
be included in patient records without cutting or mountin g. ECG reports clearly show the
ECG waveforms. The PageWriter 200 and 300 series cardiographs also annotate records
with patient information and ECG measurements. The PageWriter 200i and 300pi also
includes ECG interpretation for both adult and pediatric patients.

From a service standpoint, the PageWriter 100, 200, and 300 family of cardiographs are
similar except for two major hardware differences:

• The M1770A has additional firmware for ECG measurements and interpretation.

• The M1771A has additional firmware for ECG measurements.

• The M1772A keypanel do es no t hav e an L CD preview dis play and uses operation al k eys
instead of alphanumeric keys for user input.

All other model differences are found in the cardiograph’s software.

The PageWriter 100, 200, and 300 family of cardiographs is designed for low-cost, long­term reliability. The modular design makes extensive use of VLSI and gate array
technology, resulting in a minimum number of subassemblies. The modular approach
means less down-time for the user, since replacing subassemblies allows faster field
repairs. The internal self-test efficiently identifies faulty subassemblies, further speedin g
the repair process.

1-2

Inquiries

M1705B Cart

The optional M1705B Cart provides mobility for the PageWriter 100, 200, and 300 family
of cardiographs. The large wheels make the cart easy to move, yet steady. Slots in the

cardiograph’s feet and a thumbscrew secure the cardiograph to the cart rails. The tray
directly below the cardiograph provides storage for the user’ s guide. Storage for the power
cable is built in. Other built-in cable retainers hold the patient data cable ou t of the way.
Two compartmented trays provide storage for spare patient electrodes and patient cables,
additional thermal paper, and consumable supplies.

Transmission and Storage, Option #A05

Transmission and storage features are available for the M1770A and M1771A with
purchase of Option #A05. Up to th irty Auto ECGs can be stored in the car diograph’s
internal flash memory. Stored ECGs can be recalled later for editing, re-analyzing,
printing, or transmi ssi on to another PageWri te r 200 /2 00i/300pi equipped with Opt i on
#A05, a PageWriter XLi cardiograph, a TraceMaster ECG Management System, or
facsimile machine. Manual ECGs cannot be transmitted or st ored.

1Inquiries

Refer any questions or comments regarding these instruments to the nearest Agilent
Technologies Sales/Service Office or to one of Agilent Technologies’ Service Dispatch
Centers. Always identify the instrument by model number and serial number in all
correspondence. Telephone numbers for Service Dispatch Centers and Sales/Service
Offices are listed in Chapter 6, “Parts List.”

1Specification Data

The following tables list the technical specifications for the cardiographs and the mobile
cart. Specifications are the same for all models except as noted

Table 1-1 Physical Specifications

Parameter Specification

Dimensions (h × w × l)

× 15 in × 17 in (11.5 cm × 39.2 cm × 43.7 cm)

cardiograph
cart

Weight
cardiograph

cart

4 in

× 17 in × 33 in (91.4 cm × 43.5 cm × 84.8 cm)

36 in

18.7 lbs. (8.5 kg) or less (includes batt ery, 200 sheets of paper, patient cable, and po w er co r d)

38 lbs. (17.24 kg)

Chemical resistance,
cleaners

Withstands the following: isopropyl alcohol (except patient cable), mild soap and water, chlorine
bleach and water (30 ml/l of water).

1-3

Specification Data

Table 1-2 Electrical Specifications

Parameter Specification

Resolution
ECG (internal)
display

5 µV
128 row pixels by 24 0 column pixels

display sweep sp eed
Input impedance greater than 2.5 MΩ@ 10 Hz, typical ly gr eat er than 100MΩ @ DC

Gain accuracy

Input bias less than 40 nA for in put leadwire, less th an 500 nA for Right Leg output lead-

Common mode rejec t io n 110 dB or greater with AAMI test ci r cui t
Defibrillator recovery

Crosstalk rejection

Sample rate 4.096M samples per second per input leadwire (unfiltered)
DC offset tole rance

Noise

Standardizing vo lt age

50/60 Hz notch filter 50/60 Hz AC line rejection filters are always active.
Pacemaker pulse display > 0.2 mV indica tion for pace puls es be tween 0.5 an d 2 ms dur ati on at amplit ude

23.1 mm/sec

±5% of input signal or ±40 µV, whichever is greater

wire

System recovery 8 seconds after 360 j o ule discharge, no dam age

Less than 2% channel crosstalk

≥ ±300 mVdc with less than 5% gain change
≤ 30 µV peak-to-peak RTI

1 mV

2 to 250 mV

± 1%

± 5% for 100 mSec ± 5 mSec

Sampling Characteristics of Cardiograph

Physiological factors such as breathing can cause variation in amplitudes of heart beats,
independent of the heart rate. In addition, sampled systems (as op posed to continuous
systems) may show changes in the apparent height of the R-wave when sampling of the R­wave occurs slightly off-peak. Because the sampling rate and the heart rate are
asynchronous, the time between the peak and an adjacent sample can vary from one QRS
complex to the next. This results in a slight variation of displayed QRS amplitu de. This
effect is more pronounced wit h narrower signals, more commonly foun d in some pediatric
electrocardiograms and in pacemaker pulses. The M177XA family of cardiographs
minimizes this effect by:

• using an integrating-type A/D converter

• sampling all leadwires simultaneously

• oversampling the signals

• processing the oversampled signals with appropriate digital signal processing techniques

1-4

Specification Data

Table 1-3 ECG to Paper Specifications

Parameter Specification

Frequency respons e of PageWriter
200/200i/300pi
(-3dB bandwidth)

Auto ECG

Manual ECG

Frequency response of PageWriter 100
Auto ECG
Manual ECG

ECG resolution on paper
voltage axis
time axis

Recorder speed 5, 10, 25, and 50 mm/sec + 1.5%
ECG visibility with pace pulse Meets AMMI EC11-1991 standard for Diagnostic Electrocardiographic

<3 dB down at (user selectable):
<3 dB down at (user selectable):

Approximately 8 dots/mm (200 dots/in)
Approximately 20 dots/mm (500 dots/in) at 25mm/sec and slower
Approximately 10 dots/mm (250 dots/in) at 50mm/sec

Devices

High Pass Low Pass

0.05 Hz

0.15 Hz

0.5 Hz

0.05 Hz

0.15 Hz

0.5 Hz

0.15-150 Hz or 0.15-40 Hz

0.05-150 Hz or 0.05-40 Hz

150 Hz
100 Hz

40 Hz

150 Hz
100 Hz

40 Hz

1-5

Specification Data

Table 1-4 Power Supply and Battery Specifications

Parameter Specification

AC line frequenc y
115 V setting
230 V setting
AC input power rating

Battery voltage 6 V DC, 6.5 Ah
Battery recharge time with unit off

(battery fully discharged)
to 90% capacity
to full capacity

Battery capacity
Auto
continuous rhythm (Manual mode)

Battery life
AC and battery operation
battery only operation

Low battery warning At least 2 Auto ECGs or at least 2 minutes of Man-

Table 1-5 Safety Specifications

Parameter Specification

50 and 60 Hz (nomina l)

90–132 Vac
198–264 Vac
50 VA

7 hours typical
16 hours typical

40 ECGs
40 minutes

Typically 24 months
Typically 14–16 months

ual ECG is allowed after the Low Battery indica­tion is given.

ECG leads source current to ground Less than 10 µA RMS
ECG leads sink current

120 Vac, 60 Hz
240 Vac, 50 Hz

Ground wire integrity

Shunting of defibrillator energy

Operator safety during defibrillation

Less than 20 µA RMS with patient cable
Less than 50 µA RMS with patient cable

Less than 100 mΩ @ 25 A AC

< 10%

< 100 µC

1-6

Specification Data

Table 1-6 Environmental Specifications

Parameter Specification
Temperature

operating
storage

Humidity
operating
storage

Pressure (altitude)
operating
storage

Table 1-7 Miscellaneous Specifications

Parameter Specification
Real time clock accuracy

10 to 40

° C

50

° to 104° F (10° to 40° C)
° to 122° F (0° to 50° C)

32

15 to 80% RH, non-c ondensing
15 to 90% RH, non-c ondensing

15,000 ft. (4600 m) for 2 hours
15,000 ft. (4600 m)

Less than 3 minutes deviation per month.

Printhead life Typically 100,000 pages

Table 1-8 Storage and Transmission Specifications (Option #A05 only)

Parameter Specification

Auto ECG storage ca pacity 30 ECGs
Transmission Protocols

DT

SCP

Modem command interfaces
Data modem
FAX modem

Modem protocols
Modulation
Error corre c tion
Compression
FAX modulation

Data transmission standard use d betwe en Agile nt Pag eWriter
cardiographs and A gi le nt TraceMa st er ECG Management Sys­tems

Standard Communications Protocol

Standard AT command set
EIA/TIA-578 Service Class 1

V.34
V.42
V.42 bis
V.17

1-7

Options and Accessories

1Options and Accessories

PageWriter 100, 200, 200i, and 300pi Cardiographs

These tables list the options and accessories available for the PageWriter 100, 200, and
300 family of cardiographs.

Country/Region Options

Each country/region option includes the appropriate power cord, voltage, printer, patient
cable, and language. See T ab le 1-9, which shows the configuration of each country/region
option.

Table 1-9 Country/Region Option Configurations

Country/

Option

ABA North America English English A AHA 120 903–US Disposable
ABB Europe

ABC French Ca na da French French A AH A 120 903–US Disposable
ABD Germany German German A4 IEC 220 902–Europe None
ABE Spain Spanish Spanish A4 IEC 220 902–Europe None

ABF France French French A4 IEC 220 902–Europ e None
ABG Australia English English A4 AHA 240 901–Australia Welsh
ABH Netherlands D utch Dutch A4 IEC 220 902–Europe None
ABK Intercon

ABM Latin America Spanish Spanish A AHA 120 903–US Welsh

ABN Norwegian Norwegian Norwegian A4 IEC 230 902-Europe None

ABS Sweden Swedish Swedish A4 IEC 220 902-Europe None
ABU United

Region Labels

English English A4 IEC 220 902–Europe None

English

English English A AHA 120 903–US Welsh
English,
Taiwan

English English A4 IEC 240 900–UK None
Kingdom

User
Manuals Printer

AHA/

1

IEC Volts Power Cord

2

Electrodes

ABX Finland Finnish Finnish A4 IEC 220 902-Europe None
ABZ Italy Italian Italian A4 IEC 220 902–Europe None

AB2 China Chinese Chinese A4 IEC 220 922–China Welsh
AB4 Singapore English English A4 AHA 240 900–UK Welsh
AC6 S. Korea English English A AHA 220 902-Europe Welsh

1-8

Options and Accessories

NOTE

Table 1-9 Country/Region Option Configurations

Country/

Option

ACJ India English English A4 IEC 240 917-SA Welsh

AKM China Chinese English A4 IEC 220 922-China Welsh

ACQ South Africa English English A4 IEC 220 917–SA None

AKV South America Spanish Spanish A AHA 220 902–Europe Welsh

AC4 Portugal Portuguese Portuguese A4 IEC 230 902-Europe None

AB9 Brazil Portuguese Portuguese A AHA 220 903-US Welsh
ACB Russia Russian Russian A4 IE C 220 902-Europe Welsh
AKD Poland Pol i sh Polish A4 IEC 220 902-Europe Welsh

AR2 Greece English Greek A4 IEC 230 902-Europe None

Region Labels

1

In Table 1-9 an “A” in the Printer column refers to 8.5 x 11-in. paper; “A4” refers to 210 x 297-mm paper

2

See Table 1-11 for Agilent part numbers

User
Manuals Printer

AHA/

1

IEC Volts Power Cord

2

Electrodes

Switzerland should order the desired language (German, French, Italian, or English) and
the Swiss power cord (Agilent 8120-2296).

Table 1-10 PageWriter 300pi, 200/200i and 100 Series Documentation Part Numbers

Document Title Language Part Number

PageWriter 100 Cardiograph U ser’s Guide
(M1772A)

English M1772-91900

French M1772-91901
German M1772-91902
Dutch M1772-91903
Spanish M1772-91904
Italian M1772-91905
Finnish M17 72-91910
Chinese M1772-91908
Portuguese M1772-91913
Russian M1772-91914
Polish M1772-91919
Greek M1772-91917

1-9

Options and Accessories

Table 1-10 PageWriter 300pi, 200/200i and 100 Series Documentation Part Numbers

PageWriter 200/300pi Cardiograph Users’s
Guide

English M1772-91900

French M1770-91901
German M1770-91902
Dutch M1770-91903
Spanish M1770-91904
Italian M1770-91905
Swedish M1770-91906
Finnish M1770-91910
Chinese M1770-91941
Portuguese M1770-91943
Russian M1770-91944
Polish M1770-91949
Greek M1770-91947

PageWriter 300pi Pre dictive I nstruments Quick
Reference Guide (M1770A with Serial # Prefix
CND)

English M1770-92800

French M1770-92801
German M1770-92802
Dutch M1770-92803
Spanish M1770-92804
Italian M1770-92805
Swedish M1770-92806
Norwegian M1770-92808
Finnish M1770-92809
Chinese M1770-92811
Portuguese M1770-92813
Russian M1770-92814
Polish M1770-92819
Greek M1 77 0-92817

1-10

Options and Accessories

Table 1-10 PageWriter 300pi, 200/200i and 100 Series Documentation Part Numbers

Interpretive Physic i an’s Guide (M1770A) English M17 00-92908

French M1700-92918
German M1700-92928
Dutch M1700-92938
Spanish M1700-92948
Italian M1700-92958

Interpretive Physic i an’s Guide - Addendum
(M1770A)

Predictive Instruments Physician’s Guide
(M1770A with Serial # Prefix CND)

English M1700-90700

French M1700-90701
German M1700-90702
Dutch M1700-90703
Spanish M1700-90704
Italian M1700-90705
English M1792-93900

French M1792-93901
German M1792-93902
Dutch M1792-93903
Spanish M1792-93904
Italian M1792-93905

Table 1-11 Power Cord Part Numbers

Power Cord Key Agilent Part Number

900 8120-1703
901 8120-4464
902 8120-1692
903 8120-5213
917 8120-4600
922 8120-8377

1-11

Options and Accessories

Table 1-12 Options

Option Description

A05 Adds storage and transmission capability
M2488A-#A70, A71, A72 StressWriter system includes PageWriter cardiograph
M2488A-#C70 StressWriter system includes interface card for PageW riter

Standard Accessories

Accessories included are based on model number and localization.

• 200 sheets of z-fold paper

-English paper p/n M2481A

-Metric paper p/n M2483A

• PageWriter 200/300pi Agilent M1770A Cardiograph User’s Guide

cardiograph

• Interpretive Cardiograph Physician’s Guide (PageWriter 200i/300pi only)

• PageWriter 100 Agilent M1772A Cardiograph User’s Guide (PageWriter 100 only)

• Using the PageWriter 200/200i Cardiograph Operator Training Video (PageWriter
200/200i, also for use with PageWriter 300pi)

• Using the PageWriter 100 Cardiograph Operator Training Video (PageWriter 100 only)

1-12

Performance Verification and Maintenance

NOTE

1Introduction

This chapter describes how to verify the cardiograph’s performance, explains preventive
maintenance, presents patient safety information, and prov ides a p erfo rmance verification
checklist.

1Performance Verification

Several procedures make up performance verification: visual inspection of the
cardiograph exterior, execution of Extended Self-test, visual examination of an ECG
recorded from an ECG patient simulator, and system safety tests using a safety analyzer.

A Performance Verification matrix which appears at the end of this section specifies the
tests and inspections which must be performed following servicing of th e PageWriter
cardiographs. The Performance Verification test results must be recorded on

Customer Service order records

Make copies of the matrix. Fill out a copy each time the cardiograph is tested. Attach the
printer test output, and simulator ECG trace to the completed matrix and file with the
cardiograph’s permanent maintenance record.

If any of the performance verification tests fail, refer to Chapter 4, Troubleshooting.

2-1

Performance Verification

Visual Inspection and Power On Self Test

Before beginning the inspection, p res s the key to put the cardiograph in

2Q6WDQGE\

Standby mode, and unplug the power cord from the wall outlet. Inspect the cardiograph
for the following:

• Worn or damaged power cord

• Loose or missing hardware

• Mechanical damage

• Evidence of liquid spill

• W orn printer drive gear

• Worn printer roller

• Corroded or damaged reusable electrodes, if present

• Damaged patient cable

• Dirt/paper residue on the thermal printhead

• Frayed or damaged wiring

Replace any damaged or missing items, and clean the printhead and patient electrodes as
necessary. Cleaning instructions are listed under “Preventive Maintenance” later in this
chapter. Connect the cardiograph to AC power. Be sure that the AC indicator comes on.
Turn the cardiograph On and observe that the display turns on (PageWriter
200/200i/300pi) or that the LED’s flash on (PageWriter 100).

Extended Self-test

The cardiograph’s extended self-test checks each major subassembly. The extended self­test consists of two sections: the testing of internal circuitry and the testing of printer,
display, keyboard, and modem capabilities.

To begin the extended self-test, press and hold both the and key s while
turning on the cardiograph with the key.

2Q6WDQGE\

T o st op or exit extended self-test, yo u must press to p lace the cardiogr aph in

$XWR 0DQXDO

2Q6WDQGE\

Standby.

Internal Circuitry Testing of PageWriter 100

These tests are performed on the internal circuitry:

•Memory

• Gate Array

• Front-End Interface

• Serial Interface

Each of these tests is described in detail later in this chap ter.

When the internal circuitry test of the PageWriter 100 is performed, the LEDs show which
test is being performed. The following table shows which LED is associated with each
test.

2-2

Performance Verification

Table 2-1 PageWriter 100 Test LED’s

Test Number Test Name LED(s) lit on Page-

Writer 100

1 ROM-1 5 mm/mV OK
2 ROM-2 10 mm/mV Normally fails for 100.
3 ROM-X1 20 mm/mV OK for A#10.
4 ROM-X2 V Leads OK for A#10.
5 RAM Filter OK
6 NVRAM Auto OK
7 GA I II III Lead Group Will also flash all LEDs. OK
8 ECG FE aVR aVL aVF Lead Group OK

9 SIO II aVF V2 Lead Group OK for A#10.
A REMOTE V Leads For future use - normally fails.
B MODEM 5 mm/sec OK for A#10, with modem or test tool

C FLASH1 10 mm/sec OK for A#10.
D FLASH2 25 mm/sec OK for A#10.

When the tests are completed, the results are also printed out in a pass/fail format
on the left-hand side of the first page of the test report.

Comments/ Ex pected Result s

attached

Table 2-2 Test Results Format

Test Passes Test Fails

Printed Result OK * *

In some cases, a test failure halts the test/test printout and an error code ind icatin g the

failure is flashed on the LED’s. See Chapter 4, “Troubleshooting,” for a list of self-test
failure codes and failure symptoms. The section “How the PageWriter 100 Communicates
Error Codes and Messages” in Chapter 4 describes how to read the LED’s.

2-3

Performance Verification

Internal Circuitry Testing of PageWriter 200/200i/300pi

These tests are performed on the internal circuitry:

•Memory

• Gate Array

• Front-End Interface

• Serial Interface

Each test is described detail later in this chapter.

When testing the internal circuitry of the PageWriter 200/200i/300pi, the numbers 1
through 9 and the characters A through D are displayed one at a time beginning with
number 1. Each number represents a particular test. If the test fails, the character X is
placed after the test number, f or example, 3X. The test descriptions below are listed in the
order the tests are performed.

Table 2-3 PageWriter 200/200i/300pi Test Numbers

Test Number Test Name Character Displayed on Page-

Writer 200/200i/300pi

1ROM-1 1 OK
2 ROM-2 2 Passes for 300p i, 200i, and 200 with

3 ROM-X1 3 Passes for Options #A05 and #A10

4 ROM-X2 4 Passes for Options #A05 and #A10

5RAM 5 OK
6 NVRAM 6 OK
7GA 7 OK
8ECG FE 8 OK
9 SIO 9 Passes for Options #A05 and #A10

A REMOTE A For future use - normally fails
B MODEM B Passes for Options #A05 and #A10

Comments

software revision A.05.06 or later.

only.

only.

only.

only, with modem or test tool

attached

C FLASH1 C Passes for Options #A05 and #A 10

only

D FLASH2 D For future use - normally fails

2-4

Performance Verification

CAUTION

If your cardiograph is equi p ped wi th Opt i on s # A05 or #A10, do not turn it off during Test
C or D. If you turn off the cardiograph while Test C or D are in process, you could lose
stored ECGs, the Log of ECGs Stored, or the Log of ECGs Taken.

When the tests are completed, the results are printed out in a pass /fai l format on the left­hand side of the first page of the test report.

Table 2-4 Test Results Format

Test Passes Test Fails

Printed Result OK * *

In some cases, a test failure halts the test/test printout and an error code ind icatin g the

failure appears on the display. See Chapter 4, “Troubleshooting,” for a list of self-test
failure codes and failure symptoms.

Memory Test

This test looks for failures in the following memory subsys tems:

• Read-Only Memory (ROM)

• Random Access Memory (RAM)

• Non-Volatile Random Access Memory (NVRAM)

Read-Only Memory (tests 1-4) . The cardiograph is designed to have up to four ROMs
installed, two on the main control board and two on an option board. The Read-Only
Memory test reads the contents and performs a 32-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC) of
each of the four ROM address spaces. The test of a ROM address space will fail if the
ROM module is faulty or is not present. The four ROM address spaces are identified on
the report as

•ROM-1

•ROM-2

•ROM-X1

•ROM-X2

Depending on the serial number and model of the unit you are servicing, the
corresponding ROM part numbers vary. Refer to tables 2-5, 2-6, 2-7, and 2-8 for the
correct ROM replacement part numbers.

2-5

Performance Verification

Table 2-5 ROM Replacement Part Numbers for PageWriter Cardiographs M1770, M1771A Serial Number

Prefix CNA, CNB, or CNC, XXXA or , US001

Test Part Number Language Part Number

Labeled on
ROM

ROM 1

ROM 2 U206 - Main CPU Board M1770-89521

ROM X1 U9 - Interface Board M2488-17901
ROM X2 U10 - Interface Board M2488-17902

U205 - Main CPU Board M1770-89505

M1770-89521
M1770-89522
M1770-89523
M1770-89524
M1770-89525

English
French
German
Dutch
Spanish
Italian

M1770-17905
M1770-17921
M1770-17922
M1770-17923
M1770-17924
M1770-17925

Table 2-6 ROM Replacement Part Numbers for PageWriter Cardiographs M1770, M1771A Serial Number

Prefix CND or US002

Test ROM Part Number Language P art Number

Labeled on ROM

ROM 1

ROM 2

U205 - Main CPU Board M177 0- 89550

M1770-89551
M1770-89552
M1770-89553
M1770-89554
M1770-89555
M1770-89556
M1770-89558
M1770-89559
M1770-89563
M1770-89564
M1770-89569

English
French
German
Dutch
Spanish
Italian
Swedish
Norwegian
Finnish
Portuguese
Russian
Polish

M1770-84000
M1770-84001
M1770-84002
M1770-84003
M1770-84004
M1770-84005
M1770-84006
M1770-84008
M1770-84009
M1770-84013
M1770-84014
M1770-84019

ROM X1 U9 - Interf ace Board M2488-17 901

ROM X2 U10 - Inter fa ce Board M248 8-17902

2-6

Performance Verification

NOTE

Table 2-7 ROM Replacement Part Numbers for PageWriter Cardiographs M1772A Serial Number

Prefix CNA, CNB, or CNC, XXXA or US001

Test ROM Part Number

ROM 1

ROM 2 Not Required
ROM X1 U9 - Interface Boa rd M2488-17901
ROM X2 U10 - Interface Board M2488-17902

U205 - Main CPU Boar d M 1770-89505

Table 2-8 ROM Replacement Part Numbers for PageWriter Cardiographs M1772A Serial Number

Prefix CND, or US002

Test ROM Part Number

ROM 1
ROM 2

ROM X1 U9 - Interface Boa rd M2488-17901
ROM X2 U10 - Interface Board M2488-17902

U205 - Main CPU Boar d M 1770-89550

If ROM-1 is defective, it is unlikely this test or any other cardiograph function will
operate.

Random-Access Memory (test 5) . The RAM test performs a read/write test of the

instrument’s memory. If this subsystem is defective, it is unlikely this test or any other
cardiograph functions will operate. The RAM is identified on the report as

•RAM

2-7

Performance Verification

Non-Volatile Random Access Memory (test 6) . Each 2-byte location of NVRAM is
written and read with a pseudo-random pattern. This is a non-destructive test. The
contents of the NVRAM are saved in RAM prior to this test, and then restored when the
test is complete. The NVRAM test result is identified on the report as

• NVRAM

System Gate Array Test (test 7) . Various registers in the System Gate Array are read
and written. The System Gate Array test result is identified on the report as

• GA

Front-End Interface Test (test 8) . The front-end interface test verifies that the ECG
front-end circuitry is responding to commands, and that the input multiplexers are
operating between ground and internal reference voltage. The front-end interface test
result is identified on the report as

•ECG FE

Manufacturing/Serial Interface Test (test 9) . The manufacturing/serial interface test
checks for proper communication with the optional expansion card UART. For this test to
pass, an extender card must be plugged into the expansion connector. The serial interface
test result is identified on the report as

•SIO

Remote Test (test A). The remote test checks the ability to transmit and receive data
through the spare remote port on the optional expansion board. The remote test is
identified on the report as

• REMOTE

Modem Test (test B) . The modem test verifies that the cardiograph is sending the
expected signals to the modem, and that the modem is receiving and responding
appropriately to signals from the cardiograph. The optional expansion board must be
installed to connect to the modem. The front end and RS-232 port test tool described in
Chapter 4 can help differentiate modem and cardiograph problems. See the section in
Chapter 4 titled “Test Tools” for instructions about using this tool. The modem test is
identified on the report as

• MODEM

2-8

Performance Verification

CAUTION

Flash Memory Tests (tests C and D) . The flash memory tests verify that the flash
memory on the optional expansion board can be erase, and that information can be stored
and retrieved. The flash memory tests are identified on the report as

•FLASH1

•FLASH2

If your cardiograph is equipped with Option #A05 or #A10, do not turn it off during Test
C or D. If you turn off the cardiograph while Test C or D are in process, you could lose
stored ECGs, the Log of ECGs Stored, or the Log of ECGs Taken.

2-9

Performance Verification

Figure 2-1 An Extended Self-Test Report Example

F

G

I

D

K

L

A. Test Results
B. Character Set
C. Timing Tics
D. Diagonal Lines
E. Stepped Bars
F. Software Revision
G. Printer Speed
H. Printhead Voltage
I. Printhead Temperature
J. Battery Voltage
K. Time Stamp
L. Last Error
M. Event Log (Option #A05 only)

B

H
J

A

M

E

C

2-10

Performance Verification

How to Read the Extended Self-Test Report

Each printed page of the extended self-test contains the following information:

A Test Results - See the previous section.

B Character Set - Characters 0 through 255 are printed as a table 4x64 characters in

size. This checks the character tables and printhead performance.

C Timing Tics - Vertical lines are drawn from the bottom of the page. Each vertical

line is 25 mm long as measured from the horizontal line drawn ac ross the bottom o f
the page. Spacing between timing ticks is 25 mm ± 1.5%.

D Diagonal Lines - These dense diagonal lines are printed across the top 2 inches of

the report and quickly show speed variations. An 8 cm wide column of diagonal
lines is also printed down the left-hand side of the report, starting at the top-of-form
hole, to show whether the print roller is round.

E Stepped Bars - The stepped bars are 1/4-inch thick and 3/4-inch tall, stepping from

the top of the page to the bottom of the page. These bars are used to show printhead
dots that are burned out.

F Software Revision - The software revision number for the base ROM.

G Printer Speed - mm/sec

H Printhead Voltage - Voltage range is 25.6 to 26.6 V

I Printhead Temperature - degrees Celsius.

J Battery Voltage - Voltage range is 5.2 - 7.5 V.

K Time Stamp - Number of seconds that the printer test has run.

L Last Error - The last error code encountered. An error code of 65535 indicates that

no errors have occurred since the instrument left the factory. See Table 4-1 for the
table of error codes.

M Event Log - List of the last 46 events with time and date stamp. The events are listed

with the most recent first. Event sub-codes have the same time stamp as the event
code, and appear on the line above the event code. See Table 4-2 for a table of event
codes.

2-11

Performance Verification

NOTE

Display Test (PageWriter 200/200i/300pi only)

The display test shows test patterns on the display. Each of the following patterns appear
in this order:

• all pixels lit to create a black screen

• no pixels lit to create a white screen

• a vertical bar scrolling from left to right

You must observe the display while the test pattern is running to ensure:

• no burned out pixels

• no random lines or dots in the display

• no permanent patterns visible at normal contrast. Patterns may be visible at low contrast
(darker screen); this is normal.

• no LCD flickering

It is normal for the top row of the LCD to have some pixels on during the first sweep of
the vertical bar.

This test relies on the visual inspection of the test patterns for detecting failures. There is
no failure message for the display test.

Indicator Light Test (PageWriter 100 only)

During this test, all indicator lights turn on and off at least once. At one point, the indicator
lights flash rapidly for a short time.

Printer Test

The printer test exercises the printhead and paper drive mechanism by printing test
patterns and diagnostic data on the page. The patterns consist of a rectangular area that
contains the entire character font set, timing tics, diagonal lines, and stepped bars. On the
PageWriter 200/200i/300pi cardiographs, the printer test and the display test are
conducted simultaneously. The printer test continues until the cardiograph is placed in
Standby mode.

When the printout is complete, inspect it for:

• straight diagonal lines

• even spacing between diagonal lines

• consistent print quality for all patterns

• constant width betw een timing tics (25 mm ±1%)

• consistent length of timing tics

• accurate rendition of all characters

• clean stepped bars with no dropout in black areas

• even spacing between diagonal lines at the beginning of the page

2-12

Performance Verification

NOTE

6SHHG

NOTE

&KDUW6SHHG

Keyboard Tests

The keyboard tests are not automatically performed during the extended self-test. These
must be manually performed and the results visually inspected to verify correctness.

PageWriter 200/200i/300pi Keyboard Test

The keyboard test for 200/200i/300pi models in volves pressing each key on e at a time and
observing that the key character and/or key hex number is displayed on the display. The
keyboard test can be performed anytime after the extended self-test has started.

Pressing changes the speed of the printer test pattern and restarts the extended
self-test.

PageWriter 100 Keyboard Test

To test the keyboard press each key, cycling through the available choices. Be sure that
each LED associated with a key lights when you cycle through the cho ices. This test is no t
performed as part of the extended self-test.

Pressing the key changes the speed of the printer test pattern and restarts the
extended self-test.

2-13

Performance Verification

NOTE

NOTE

ECG Simulation

T aking an ECG using a 12-lead ECG simulator allows you to verify areas of operation that
the extended self-test cannot check:

• integrity of the patient cable

• accuracy of the paper speed (not available on all simulators)

• accuracy of the gain settings (not available on all simulators)

The recorded ECG trace should look similar to the one shown in Figure 2-2. Trace
differences may result from differences in simulators, simulator settings, and from
differences in configuration and control settings on the cardiograph. To make a recording
similar to the one in Figure 2-2:

1. Connect the patient cable leadwires to the simulator.

2. On a PageWriter 200/200i/300pi, verify that all leadwires are connected by cycling

through each lead group and observing the display for flatline. Firmly pull each lead­wire taut and look for excessive noise on the display.

3. Select the 12-lead Manual format on the front panel display.

If you are using a PageWriter 100, cycle through all lead group selections to verify the
performance of all leads.

4. Press twice to start the recording.

5. Print approximately 2-1/2 pages. Press .

6. Press twice to print an Auto ECG. Make sure the cardiograph advances the

0DQXDO

6WRS

$XWR

paper to the top of form.

When the recording is complete:

• Verify trace activity for all 12 leads. This assures integrity of all patient electrodes and
leadwires. Noise should measure less than 1 mm, and there should be no baseline wan­der.

• Verify no gross distortion of complexes or calibration pulses (no overshoot, etc.).

• Verify that calibration pulses are of pr oper duration. This assures the correct pap er speed.
With the cardiograph set to record at 25 mm/sec, the calibration pulse should measure 5
mm (calibration pulse duration is 200 ms).

• Verify that calibration pulse amplitude is correct.

An arrhythmia simulator is not an acceptable tool for verifying computerized ECG
analysis. The analysis software is biased to process human ECG data.

2-14

Performance Verification

Figure 2-2 12-Lead ECG from ECG Simulator (200/200i/300pi only).

2-15

Changing the Default Operating Language (200/200i/300pi Only)

$OW

$OW

$OW

$OW

$OW

$OW

2Changing the Default Operating Language (200/200i/300pi

Only)

The default operating language is selected by holding down the desired key combination
while turning on the instrument. Table 2-9 lists the key combinations.

Table 2-9 Language Key Combinations

Language PageWriter

200/200i/300pi

English

French

German

Dutch

Spanish

Italian

Swedish

Finnish

Norwegian

Portuguese

Polish

$OW

$OW

$OW

$OW

$OW

$OW

–0

–1

–2

–3

–4

–5

–6*

–8*

–9*

–6*

–8*

Russian

–9*

*Only available on certain models.

2-16

Resetting the Cardiograph to the Factory Default State

2Resetting the Cardiograph to the Factory Default State

Resetting the cardiograph sets the Auto ECG report counter to 0, and resets the
PageWriter 200/200i/300pi configuration to the factory default.

Resetting the PageWriter 200/200i/300pi

To reset the PageWriter 200/200i/300pi perform the following steps:

1. Using Table 2-9, turn the cardiograph On in a language different from the current lan-

guage.

2. The cardiograph is now reset to the factory default state.

3. If it is necessary to operate the cardiograph in the original language, turn the cardio-

graph to Standby, then turn the cardiograph On using the appropriate key combina­tion from Table 2-9.

Resetting the PageWriter 100

To reset the PageWriter 100 perform the following steps:

1. Turn the cardiograph to Standby.

2. Press and hold and while turning the cardiograph on.

&RS\

3. Turn the cardiograph to Standby.

4. Press and hold and while turning the cardiograph on.

&RS\

5. The cardiograph is now reset to the factory default state.

3DJH$GYDQFH

&KDUW6SHHG

2-17

Preventive Maintenance

CAUTION

CAUTION

2Preventive Maintenance

Routine maintenance of the cardiograph consists of cleaning and inspection. This should
be done as needed.

The cardiograph does not require lubrication. Lubricating any part of the cardiograph
could damage it or diminish its performance.

Care and Cleaning

The outside surfaces of the cardiograph and its accessories (except the patient cable) can
be cleaned by mild soap and water or isopropyl alcohol. The patient cable cannot be
cleaned with isopropyl alcohol. The patient cable can be cleaned only with mild
disinfectant or soap and water.

Cleaning the Cardiograph

1. Unplug the power cord and ensure that the cardiograph is in Standby mode (the dis-

play is off).

2. Wipe the external surfaces of the cardiograph with a soft cloth dampened with mild

soap and water or isopropyl alcohol. Avoid applying cleaning fluids to cable connec­tors.

Do not use any strong solvents or abrasive cleaning materials.

Do not spill any liquids on the surface of the cardiograph. Service the cardiograph

immediately if any liquids spill on the surface.

Do not use any of the following to clean the cardiograph:

• Acetone

• Chlorine bleach

• Ammonia-based cleaners

• Iodine-based cleaners

• Phenol-based cleaners

• Ethylene oxide sterilization (ETO)

• Autoclave

2-18

Preventive Maintenance

CAUTION

CAUTION

Cleaning the Keyboard Overlay

1. Carefully insert a small flat-bladed screwdriver into the notches at the front edge of

the keyboard overlay and pry the front edge of the keyboard overlay up. Refer to Fig­ure 2-3.

2. Repeat with the rear notches of the keyboard overlay and remove the overlay.

Figure 2-3 Removing the Keyboard Overlay

A. Notches

Do not wash the keyboard overlay in hot water. Do not attempt to clean the keyboard
overlay in a dishwasher.

3. Rinse off the keyboard overlay and thoroughly dry it.
The rubber keypad and/or keyboard assembly may be damaged if any key or LED

becomes trapped under the overlay while replacing the overlay. Make sure each and every
key and LED comes through its ho le in the overlay befor e snapping the over lay into place.

4. Align the overlay with each of the keyboard keys and LEDs. Position your thumbs

along the front edge of the overlay near each end. Apply pressure on the overlay
toward the rear of the unit and then press down on the overlay in one continuous
motion. The front of the overlay should now be snapped into place. Snap the rear of
the overlay into place.

2-19

Preventive Maintenance

CAUTION

Cleaning the Digital Array Printhead and Paper Sensor

If you use Agilent Technologies recording paper, you should not have to clean the
printhead for the life of the product. If you need to clean the printhead, this is the
procedure to follow. These are the materials required:

• Foam swabs — Agilent Technologies part number 9310-0468 or 9300-0767

• 90% Isopropyl Alcohol — Agilent Technologies part number 8500-0559 or equivalent

• Dry, lint-free tissue — Kimwipes® or Agilent Technologies lint-free wipes (Agilent
Technologies part number 92193W)

To clean the printhead:

Touch the equipotential connector on the back of the cardiograph to discharge any static
electricity stored on your skin before touching the printhead. The printhead can be
damaged by static electricity.

1. From the front of the cardiograph, unlatch and open the paper door. The printhead is

to the right under the paper blade, behind the ESD brush (see Figure 2-4).

Figure 2-4 Cleaning the Digital Array Printhead.

A. Printhead

B. Paper Sensor

2-20

Preventive Maintenance

CAUTION

2. Wipe the printhead with a foam swab dipped in 90% isopropyl alcohol. Scrub until all

visible residue is removed.

3. Dry the printhead with a clean lint-free tissue.

To clean the paper sensor lens:

1. From the front of the cardiograph, unlatch and open the paper door. The paper sensor

lens is to the right under the printhead (see Figure 2-4).

2. Lightly wipe the paper dust off of the paper sensor lens with a dry foam swab. Do not

use alcohol.

Cleaning the Electrodes and Cables

Clean the reusable electrodes and patient cable with a soft cloth moistened with a
recommended disinfectant or cleaning agent from the following list:

• Cetylcide® (may discolor cable)

•Cidex®

• Lysol® Disinfectant

• Lysol® Deodorizing Cleaner (may discolor cable)

• Dial® Liquid Antibacterial Soap

• ammonia

• 409® (may discolor cable)

• 10% solution of Clorox® in water (may discolor cable)

• Murphy® Household Cleaner, or

• Ves-phene II®.

Wring any excess moisture from the cloth before cleaning.

• Do not clean the patient cable with alcohol. Alcoho l can cause the plastic to become brit­tle and may cause the cable to fail prematurely.

• Do not autoclave the cable or use ultrasonic cleaners.

• Do not immerse the patient cable.

• Do not use abrasive materials to clean metal surfaces—scratches on them can cause arti­facts on the ECG report.

• Do not expose the connectors to liquids, especially the 15-pin connector.

2-21

Caring for the Battery

CAUTION

NOTE

NOTE

2Caring for the Battery

The battery must be installed for proper operation of the cardiograph. Even if the
cardiograph is plugged into AC power, it cannot print an ECG report without the battery.
For information about removing or replacing the battery, refer to Chapter 5, Removal and
Replacement.

The sealed lead-acid battery used in the PageWriter 100, 200, and 300 family of
cardiographs will provide optimum life when the u nit is continuously connected to AC
power and fully charged after each use. A d epleted battery requires 16 hours of continuous
charge time to fully charge. Because it is not always possible to allow a full charge cycle
between uses, the cardiograph was designed to charge a depleted battery to 90% of its
capacity in approximately seven hours.

Repeated undercharging of the battery will damage the battery and reduce battery life.

Agilent Technologies recommends that the cardiograph be plugged into AC power
whenever possible to maximize battery life.

Battery life varies depending on frequency of use and maintenance. For improved battery
life, keep the cardiograph plugg ed in when no t in use. If the battery has been fu lly char ged
and requires recharging after a few ECGs, consider replacing it. Use only the Agilent
battery, part number M2460A.

Battery should be removed from unit and placed in storage if the cardiograph will not be
used for more than three months.

Storing the Battery

To prepare the battery for storage, charge it in the cardiograph for 16 hours. Remove the
battery and store it in a cool, dry location. Recharge a lead-acid battery in storage for at
least 16 hours every six months. This ensures that the ba ttery does not completely

discharge while in storage. The battery’s shelf life is longer with cooler temperatures, but
do not store below freezing.

2-22

Caring for the Battery

Safety Tests

Perform the following tests as par t of your prevent ive main tenance program, and aft er any
corrective maintenance.

• Chassis-to-ground resis t ance

• Ground wire leakage current

• Enclosure leakage current

• Patient lead leakage current (source leakage) to ground

• Leakage current between patient leads

• Patient lead leakage current (sink current) with line voltage applied

To perform these tests, use a safety tester or analyzer designed specifically for this
purpose. Follow the manufacturer’s operating instructions.

Record results as indicated in the Performance Verification Matrix.

2-23

PageWriter 100, 200/200i, and 300pi Series Performance Verification Matrix

2PageWriter 100, 200/200i, and 300pi Series Performance

Verification Matrix

The following Performance V erification matrix lists all the tests and inspection procedures
which must be performed on the M1770A, M1771A, or M1772A cardiographs after
servicing. Instructions for executing each test or inspection are described in this manual.

Table 2-10 summarizes performance verification for the PageWriter 300pi/200i/200/100
cardiographs; includi n g tes t name, t es t o r in sp ect io n t o perf orm , expected t es t resul t s, and
data to record. Functional tests include ROM/RAM tests, trans mi ssion tests, ECG Front­End tests, Flash Memory tests, Display tests, indicator LED tests, printer and keyboard
tests. Simulated ECG and Safety testing are also required.

Table 2-10 Performance Verification: PageWriter 300pi/200i/200/100 (M1770A, M1771A, M1772A)

Test Block Name

Test or "Inspection" to

Perform

Expected (Passing)

Test Results

Data to
Record

x=p (pass) or

f (fail)

Visual Inspection (V) Look for:

• Worn or damaged power cord

• Mechanical damage

• Corroded or damaged reusable
electrodes

• Loose or missing hardware

• W orn printer drive gear

• Worn or damaged patient cable

ower On Self Test

P
(PO)

Power on the unit

• For M1770A, M1771A - watch
display for error code

• For M1772A - watch keypanel
LEDs for indication of error code
(refer to the Troubleshooting sec-

tion of the Service Manual for a
list of codes)

Inspected parts appear
intact and undamaged

• the display should show
a three lead screen, with
no error codes

• the LEDs will momen­tarily light and then indi­cate the configuration, no
blinking light should be
seen

V:x

example: V:p

PO:x

example: PO:p

2-24

PageWriter 100, 200/200i, and 300pi Series Performance Verification Matrix

Table 2-10 Performance Verification: PageWriter 300pi/200i/200/100 (M1770A, M1771A, M1772A)

Test Block Name

Extended Se l f Test

Test or "Inspection" to

Perform

Expected (Passing)

Test Results

Data to
Record

x=p (pass) or

f (fail)

Function Tests (F) Run Extended Self Test; verify:

•ROM-1

•ROM-X1 (for A05 & A10)

•RAM

•GA

•SIO(for A05 & A10)

• MODEM (for A05 & A10) with

(M1770-87909) test tool attached)

•ROM-2 (for M1770 & M1771)

•ROM-X2 (for A05 & A10)

• NVRAM

•ECG FE

• REMOTE (for future use)

•FLASH1 (for A05 & A10 option)

•FLASH2 (for future use)

"OK" for tests applicable to
the device and the device’s
options

Note: ROM-2 will be "OK"
for A.05.06 or later

F:x

example: F:p

Display test (D)

for M1770A &
M1771

Indicator Light T est
(L)

for M1772

Verify the following patterns:

• all pixels lit to create a black
screen

• no pixels lit to create a white
screen

• scrolling vertical bar from left to
right

Verify:

• indicator lights turn on and off

• all lights flash briefly

No burned pixels, no ran­dom lines on display, no
permanent patterns at nor­mal contrast, no LCD
flicker

All indicator lights are
turned on and off individu­ally; all lights flash briefly.

D:x

example: D:p

L:x

example: L:p

2-25

PageWriter 100, 200/200i, and 300pi Series Performance Verification Matrix

Table 2-10 Performance Verification: PageWriter 300pi/200i/200/100 (M1770A, M1771A, M1772A)

Test Block Name

Test or "Inspection" to

Perform

Expected (Passing)

Test Results

Data to
Record

x=p (pass) or

f (fail)

Printer Test (P)

for M1772

eyboard Test (K) Depress each key For M1770A/M1771A,

K

Verify:

• straight diagonal lines

• even spacing between diagonal
lines

• consistent print quality

• consistent width between and
length of timing tics

• accurate rendition of all characters

• clean stepped bars with no drop
out in black areas

• all lights flash briefly

All criteria visually veri­fied.

character displayed is cor­rect or function operates
properly.

For M1772A, the corre­sponding LED lights and
turns off.

P:x

example: P:p

K:x

example: K:p

Simulation

ECG
(ECG)

Connect a 12 Lead Patient
Simulator to the Patient Cable and
print a 12 lead ECG. Visually
analyze the printout.

2-26

Trace activity in all 12
leads; no notable distortion
or noise; cal pulses of
proper duration and ampli­tude.

ECG:x

example: ECG:p

PageWriter 100, 200/200i, and 300pi Series Performance Verification Matrix

Table 2-10 Performance Verification: PageWriter 300pi/200i/200/100 (M1770A, M1771A, M1772A)

Test Block Name

Test or "Inspection" to

Perform

Expected (Passing)

Test Results

Data to
Record

x=p (pass) or

f (fail)

System Safety (S)

Use Safety Analyzer

Check:

Chassis-to-Ground Resistance
Groundwire Leakage Current

(Normal condition)
Groundwire Leakage Current

(Single Fault)
Patient Lead Leakage Current

•Source (Normal Condition)

•Source (Single Fault Conditi on)

•With Mains on applied part
(Single Fault Condition )

•Auxiliary (Normal Condition)

•Auxiliary (Single Fault Condi-

tion)

Indicate Applicable Safety
Standard as follows:

Note: All leakage current test are
Normal and Reverse Polarity
Conditions

<

200 mΩ aaa
500 uA (<300uA UL) bbb

<

1000 uA cccc

<

10 uA dd

<

50 uA ee

<

50 uA (< 20 uA UL) ff

<

10 uA gg

<

50 uA hh

<

i=I for IEC i
i=U for UL

S:aaa,bbb,ccc,dd,
ee,ff,gg,hh,i

example:
S:09,400,900,8,4
0,30,8,40,I

For the above - record the worst
case value for multiple lead
measurements.

Note: When recording test results, separate tests by a semi-colon(;). For example: V:p;PO:p;F:p;
D:p;L:p;P:p;K:p;ECG:p;S:90,400,900,8,40,30,8,40,I

2-27

PageWriter 100, 200/200i, and 300pi Series Performance Verification Matrix

2-28

Theory of Operation

This chapter contains an overvi ew of the card iograph o peration, an d circuit descriptions of
the major subassemblies. Except as noted, the information in this chapter applies to the
M1770A PageWriter 200i/300pi, the M1771A PageWriter 200, and the M1772A
PageWriter 100.

The last section in this chapter describes the Option #A05 printed circuit assembly.

2Operational Overview

This overview covers two areas of cardiograph operation: the path that ECG data follows

from collection to display, and the cardiograph’s power-on/power-off sequence.

ECG Data Path

Analog ECG data are collected through the patient cable to the ECG Front End on the
CPU Assembly Board in the cardiograph. The ECG Front End performs analog-to-digital
conversion before sending the data to the System Gate Array. The System Gate Array
receives the ECG data and processes it. The data may be interpreted (200i/30 0pi only),
displayed (200/200i/300pi only), printed, or stored in system RAM. PageWriter
200/200i/300pi cardiog raphs equi pped with Opt ion #A05 can al so store up to thirty ECGs ,
and transmit ECGs to TraceMaster ECG Management Systems, ECG Manager software,
other PageWriter cardiographs, facsimile machines, and other Agilent equipment.

Power-on and Power-off Sequences

When the cardiograph is turned on or off, it follows a sequence of events in applying
power to or removing power from its circuits. The System Gate Array controls this
sequence because the System Gate Array remains powered up even when the cardiograph
is in Standby.

Power-on

The system gate array is powered from a supply which is always turned on (Unswitched
5V). When it detects that the key has been pressed, it sends the ENBL5V
signal to the power su pp ly t o t ur n on t he Sw itch ed 5 V su ppl y and r e set t he ot her circuitry.

When the CPU is taken out of reset mode, the processor begins execution of the software
located in ROM. The software sets up the system, decides what type of keyboard is
attached, calibrates the ECG Front End, and initializes the displa y, if present.

2Q6WDQGE\

3-1

Circuit Descriptions

Power-off

The power-off sequence is software controlled. The power-off sequence is initiated when

2Q6WDQGE\

the key is pressed, battery time-out occurs, or the battery is too low to
continue. At power-off, the software begins housekeeping tasks such as turning off the
printer, disabling the keyboard, and turning off the display, if present. When the
housekeeping is complete, the software instructs the Sy stem Gate Array to turn off the
Switched 5V supply. The details of how the power supply shuts down are described later
in this chapter in the power supply desc ri ption.

2Circuit Desc ript ions

The M177XA family of cardiographs has a co mmon set of major subassemblie s: a Power
Supply board, a CPU Assembly board, and a Keyboard (including a Di splay on the
200/200i/300pi). The design also includes a thermal print mechanism. The power supply
design requires a battery for all operations. Option #A05 adds a storage and transmission
board.

Option #A10 adds an interface board for communication to the Agilent StressWriter
system.

The CPU assembly is the same for all cardiographs except that some models of the
PageWriter 200/200i CPU assembly have an extra ROM to accommodate the ECG
measurements and interpretation software. The subassemblies, including the CPU
assembly and its major circuit groups, are shown in Figure 3-1.

3-2

The Patient Cable

Figure 3-1 Simplified System Block Diagram

3The Patient Cable

The patient cable used in the PageWriter 100/200/200i/300pi family is a passive
design using no active components. The leadwires each co ntain a r esistor designed to
protect the instrument from the energy used in defibrillation.

The cable simply conducts the analog ECG data from the patient to the ECG Front
End on the CPU Assembly Board.

3-3

CPU Assembly

3CPU Assembly

This discussion of the CPU assembly covers th e following circuits:

•CPU

• System Gate Array

• Serial EEROM

• System Memory (DRAM)

•ROM

• Printer Gate Array/SRAM

• Analog/Digital Converter

• System Expansion Connector

The block diagram in Figure 3-2 shows these circuits and how they interconnect.

Figure 3-2 CPU Block Diagram

3-4

ROM 1,2

(2) 512K x 16

or

(1) 2MB x 16

Based on Serial #

CPU Assembly

CPU/System Oscillator

The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the processing engine for the instrument. The
microprocessor used is the Intel 80960SA, a 32 bit microprocessor with a 32-bit
address bus and a 16-bit ext ernal data bus (3 2 bit int ernal data bus) . The lower 16 bi ts
of the address bus are multiplexed with the data bus; these lines are de-multiplexed b y
the System Gate Array. The processor operates at 16 MHz off of a 32 MHz System
Oscillator. The data and address buses are shown in the above block diagram.

Instructions for the CPU are stored in RAM and ROM external to the CPU.

System Gate Array/Real-Time Crystal

The System Gate Array provides the following functions:

• ECG Front End control

• Interrupt control

• DMA for ECG data

• DMA for LCD data

• System reset circuitry

• Watch-dog circuitry

• Real-time clock (including driving the external Real-Time crystal)

• DRAM RAS and CAS generation and refresh

• Interface to the Serial EEROM

• Address decoding for the Printer Gate Array and ROMs

• Keyboard scan and LED drive

• LCD control (for the PageWriter 200/300 series)

ECG Front End Control

The ECG Front End control interface consists of serial command data to the front
end, and serial data (ECG or status) from the front end.

The input command data consists of a single 24-bit word containing an address field
and a control field. Depending on the data in the address field, the contents of the
control field apply to either

• configuring each individual front end integrated circuit,

• configuring both front end integrated circuits together as a system, or

• setting the calibration value of the front end integrated circuit

Interrupt Control

The interrupt control interface manages two of the four processor interrupt signals.
The processor interrupt signal names are nINT0, INT1, INT2 , and nINT3. nI NT0 and
nINT3 are controlled by the System Gate Array. INT1 is for interrupts from an
expansion board (such as the Option #A05 storage and transmission board) connected
to the System Expansion Connector. INT2 is controlled by the Printer Gate Array.

3-5

CPU Assembly

DMA for ECG Data

The System Gate Array receives data from the ECG Front End in serial form. When 16
bits have been received, the System Gate Array places the CPU in a HOLD state, and
generates the necessary address and control signals needed to write the data into the
System Memory (DRAM). After the data are successfully written, the HOLD state is
discontinued and the CPU resumes its processing. The System Gate Array can also deliver
interrupts to the CPU to indicate when a frame (1 msec) and/or a buffer-full (100 msec) of
data have been written into memory.

DMA for LCD Data

In the 200/200i/300pi, the System Gate Array reads 16 b its of LCD data from System
Memory (DRAM) and delivers it to the LCD for display at an approximately 8 µsec
intervals. The process of reading the 16 bits is to first place the CPU in a HOLD state, then
to generate the necessary address and control signals to read the data, then to discontinue
the HOLD state and allow the CPU to resume processing. The data are delivered one
nibble (4 bits) at a time to the LCD, after which time the HOLD cycle is repeated.

System Reset Circuitry

At a normal power on (pres sing ), the CP U and most other circuit s are reset to

2Q6WDQGE\

a known initial state by the internally generated signal NRESET. This signal is created
within the System Gate Array, which is always active and operating.

Removing all power resets all circuits, including the System Gate Array, via the signal
NNEW5V. Removing all power also resets the real-time clock and date.

Watch-dog Circuitry

The watch-dog circuit will turn off the instrument within 7-8 seconds unless periodically
reset by the control software.

Real-Time Clock

The real-time clock maintains the current date and time. This clock operates off the
cardiograph battery and will run as long as the battery is installed and charged.

DRAM RAS and CAS Generation and Refresh

Refresh of the DRAM is accomplished using a CAS (Column Address Strobe) before
RAS (Row Address Strobe) technique. RAS and CAS are DRAM control signals used to
latch the desired memory address location. A refresh of one row in the DRAM occurs
approximately every 15 µsec.

3-6

CPU Assembly

NVRAM Interface

The NVRAM contains 1K bits of non-volatile storage for the cardiograph
configuration.

Keyboard Interface

The passive Keyboard is scanned by the System Gate Array for keypresses. The
LED(s) are also driven by the System Gate Array. The software is responsible for
determining which keyboard is loaded and configuring the instrumen t for proper
operation.

Display Control for PageWriter 200 and 300 Series

The display is a 240 x 128 dot super-twisted nematic Liquid Crystal Display module
with integrated driver circuitry. Its operation is controlled by the System Gate Array.

NVRAM

The NVRAM stores configuration information. It is written to b y the System Gate
Array under software control and requires no power to retain its data.

ECG Front End

The ECG Front end is described in “ECG Front End”.

DRAM

The DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) is a 256K x 16 bit read/write
memory. The System Gate Array provides the multiplexed address information,
generates RAS and CAS, and provides the timing and control required for memory
transfers from and to the CPU. The DRAM connects directly to the Data bus.

ROM-1 and ROM-2 Address Space

Cardiographs with ser ial num ber prefix CNA, CNB, CNC, or 380 7A or earlier have a
Control Board with space for two ROMs (Read Only Memory) to provide data and
instructions for the CPU. In addition, the Control Board expansion connector and
System Gate Array provide for additional exp a ns io n. Each ROM contai ns 512 K x 16
bits of read-only memory.

Cardiographs with serial # prefix CND have one 2MB EPROM on the control board
which defines the ROM1 and ROM2 address spaces. The ROM contains 2MB x 16
bits of read-only memory.

3-7

CPU Assembly

Printer Gate Array/SRAM

The printer gate array is the principal component of the printer control circuitry. It buf fer s
print data from the system, and status data going to the system. It also controls printer
timing and the printer RAM, regulates motor speed, monitors printhead temperature,
monitors the battery condition, and provides the interface between the printer and the
system CPU.

The printer RAM consists of 32K of static RAM used to store printer data and the printer
look-up table data. The look-up table data is used to compensate the moto r driv e sig nals
and the printer enable pulses for variations in the operating environment. The look-up
table data also includes the motor settings and the motor ramp-up profile.

Motor Driver

The phase signals from the printer gate array enable the motor driver circuit, which
switches current through the stepper motor in the paper transport.

Analog/Digital Converter

This 8-bit parallel A/D converter measures printhead temperature, battery voltage, and
printer supply voltage.

Thermal Printhead

The thermal printhead is a line of 1728 printing elements. Each printing element is a
resistive heater. Heat from these elements blackens the thermoreactive paper, creating an
image. A 1728-bit shift register (on the printhead) contains the d ot data for the print line.
Data is serially loaded into the shift register, then latched so that data for the next line may
be shifted into the head while the present line prints. A strobe signal enables printing. The
pulse width of the strobe is adjusted to compensate for different recording speeds and
variations in supply voltage, average resistance, and temperature. The temperature is
sensed by a thermistor on the printhead heat sink.

System Expansion Connector

The System Expansion Connector provides the instrument with future expansion
capability, such as Option #A05, #A10.

3-8

Power Supply

3Power Supply

The Power Supply connects the instrument to the AC line to charge the battery and
power the circuitry. It conditions and regulates all power supplied to the Main Board.

Figure 3-3 Power Supply Block Diagram

Voltage Selector

The voltage selector connects the line input to the proper windings on the Power
Transformer to produce the correct secondary voltage at the output of the
Transformer.

Primary Line Fuses

The Primary Line Fuses protect the power supply from catastrophic failures.

Power Transformer

The power transformer reduces the input voltage to 22V AC (nominal).

3-9

Power Supply

Rectifier/Filter

This circuitry rectifies and filters the AC voltage to produce a DC voltage for the rest of
the power supply.

Switch-Mode Battery Charger

The battery charger converts the output from the Rectifier/Filter to one of two levels. The
first level is called the float voltage and equals 6.85 VDC (nominal at 25 C). The second
level, called the overcharge voltage, is 7.4 VDC (nominal at 25 C). Both of these levels
are temperature compensated. The charger is capable of delivering a maximum of 1.5A at
its output in either the float mode or overcharge mode. The charger is a pulse width
modulated switching type that has a nominal switching frequency of 100 KHz.

The charger enters the overcharge mode when any one of the following conditions are
met: VBAT drops below 6.1V (nominal at 25 C), the instrument is turned on, a print
operation starts, or the instrument is plugged into AC power. The charger changes into the
float mode when the current into the battery is less than 80 mA.

Battery

The battery is a lead-acid 6 volt unit, providing 6.5 Amp-Hours of current when fully
charged.

VPRINT Boost Regulator

The VPRINT Boost Regulator converts its input voltage to the 26 V supply required for
operation of the thermal printhead.

Switched +6V Boost Regulator

The boost regulator is activated by turning the instrument On. It eliminates the heavy
transients induced into the +5V supplies by the printing subsystem during normal printing.
The output from this switching regulator is the input to both of the +5V Linear Regulators
when the instrument is On. When the instrument is in Standby mode, the battery powers
the unswitched +5V Linear Regulator.

5V Linear Regulators

There are two regulators, both linear, described here. The first is the unswitched +5V
regulator that provides power for circuitry active in the Standby mode. The System Gate
Array circuitry active in Standby mode includes the real time clock.

The second +5V Linear Regulator provides the bulk of the operating power for the rest of
the instrument when the instrument is On. This regulator is off when the instrument is in
Standby mode.

3-10

ECG Front End

3ECG Front End

The ECG Front End provides the interface between the system and the patient. It
electrically isolates the patient to prevent excess leakage current, protects the system
from defibrillator and electrostatic discharges, and converts the analog electrical
signals present on the patient to digital samples for processing and printing.

Figure 3-4 Front End Block Diagram

Isolation Power Transformer

The Isolation Power Transformer passes power to the E CG Front End and electrically
isolates the patient-connected circuitry of the Front End from the rest of the
instrument.

Front End Power Supply

The Front End Power Supply delivers separate, regulated power at 5V to th e digital
and analog circuitry.

3-11

ECG Front End

Opto-Isolators

Opto-Isolators pass the digital sample data from the patient-connected circuitry to the rest
of the instrument, providing electrical isolation.

Integrated Front End Circuits/Oscillator

The Integrated Front End Circuits sample the patient leads at 4.096M samples per second
per lead. The data are then filtered to 12 bits at 5 µV/LSB and 2 msec per sample. The
circuits include protection circuitry, gain, A/D conversion, and Oscillator control. These
circuits have a master/slave arrangement, with the master driving the Oscillator and
communicating all data to the System Gate Array through the opto-isolators.

Calibration

This circuitry is used to set ECG gain for the Integrated Front End Circuits.

Defibrillator Protection

Defibrillation Protection is provided by resist ors in the patient cable combined with
circuitry in the Integrated Front End Circuits.

3-12

Storage and Transmission (Option #A05 0nly)

3Storage and Transmission (Option #A05 0nly)

The Option #A05 PC assembly plugs into the cardiograph expansion slot, where it
connects to the main PC assembly as shown in Figure 3-1. The cardiograph main
board provides power and access to the cardiograph system electronics. The Option
#A05 PC assembly contains all the circuitry needed to store and transmit ECGs.

Figure 3-5 M177XA Cardiograph Connections to Option #A05 PC Assembly

Cardiograph
Power

Supply

Cardiograph
Main
Board

A05 Option
Board

RS-232
Connection

3-13

Storage and Transmission (Option #A05 0nly)

Figure 3-6 Option #A05 PC Assembly Block Diagram

M177X
Expansion
Connector

Gate
Array

18.432 MHz
Oscillator

Address

Dual

UART

Serial Port
Connector 1

RS-232
Drivers

Serial Port
Connector 2

VPROG
Supply

ROM-X1
256K x 16

SYS Control

GA Control

ROM-X2
256K x 16

Data

FLASH 1
1M x 16

FLASH 2
1M x 16

M177XA Expansion Connector

The expansion connector on the Option #A05 PC assembly mates with the M177XA
cardiograph expansion connecto r . This connection provides the Option #A05 PC assembly
access to the cardiograph Address Bus, Data Bus, System Control Bus, and power
supplies.

Gate Array

The gate array integrates the following functions :

• Address decoding and chip selects for the expansion ROMs (ROM-X1 and ROM-X2)

• Flash memory controller

• Interface to the Dual UART

ROM-X1, ROM-X2

ROM-X1 and ROM-X2 are ROMs provided for th e cardiograph firmware expansio n. The
cardiograph CPU controls and execute the firmware in these ROMs.

3-14

Storage and Transmission (Option #A05 0nly)

Flash1, Flash2

FLASH1 and FLASH2 are 1M x 16 bit flash ROMs. The gate array provides control
and timing functions required to interface these parts to the ad dress and data bus.
FLASH1 is used for non-volatile ECG storage. FLASH2 is pro vided for expansion
memory. It is not normally present on the Option #A05 printed circuit assembly.

VPROG Power Supply

The VPROG power supply provides a 12V DC pr ogramming volt age to FLASH1 and
FLASH2 during erase and write operations. The source for the supply is the
cardiograph printhead supp ly voltag e, which is turne d on and of f by the software. The
VPROG supply circuit contains a 12V linear regulator that drops the printhead supply
voltage to the required 12 volts for FLASH1 and FLASH2.

Dual UART

The Dual UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) contains two
independent UARTs with the following capabilities:

• modem control

• baud rate generator

• 16 byte FIFO (first-in-first-out) buffer

Each UART is used to implement an RS232 port by translating between serial and
parallel data.

18.432 MHz Oscillator

The 18.432 MHz Oscillator provides a clock for the internal functions of the Dual
UART.

RS232 Drivers

The RS232 Drivers perform the voltage level translation between TTL logic level
signals from the Dual UART and the +

10 volt RS232 signals.

Serial Port Connectors 1 and 2

These connectors are 9-pin D-subminiature connectors that are located at the back
panel of the cardiograph, and provide access to the two RS232 ports. The serial port
marked RS-232 is used for ECG transmission. The other serial port is reserved for
future use.

The #A10 interface board also, provides storage and transmission capability in
addition to the Agilent StressWriter interface.

3-15

Storage and Transmission (Option #A05 0nly)

3-16

Troubleshooting

CAUTION

3Introduction

This chapter provides information for localizing cardiograph problems to the subassembly

level. This information is designed for use with the cardiograph’s Extended Self-test to
help you efficiently repair the cardiograph with a minimum of equipment.

3Maintenance Philosophy

The maintenance philosophy for the cardiograph is subassembly replacement.
Replaceable subassemblies are identified in Chapter 6, “Parts List”.

Individual component replacement should not be attempted outside of an authorized
Agilent Technologies’ repair facility. Component level repair is extremely difficult due to
the extensive use of surface mount technology and the high parts density on the circuit
boards. Unauthorized component replacement can impair cardiograph performance,
compromise patient safety, and jeopardize credit towards a replacement assembly.

3Test Equipment

The following test equipment is required to troubleshoot the cardiograph as described in
this chapter:

• A digital voltmeter such as the HP E2373A hand-held multimeter.

• A 12-lead ECG simulator.

• A jumper wire with Pomona Micrograbber test clips or equivalent. Ordering informa­tion:

ITT Pomona 1500 East Ninth St.
P.O. Box 2767
Pomona, CA 91769
Sales: [phone]

4-1

Test Tools

3Test Tools

Two troubleshooting tools are provided with each instrument:

• patient cable test tool (M1770-87908)

• front end and transmission test tool (M1770-87909, Rev. B)

Patient Cable Test Tool (M1770-87908)

This tool is attached inside the battery compartment, beneath the battery. T o locate it, open
the battery compartment door and lift the battery.

This tool is used to short the lead wires together to test lead wire integrity and detect
potential "opens" within the cable. To test the leads, plug all ten lead wire posts into the
holes of the tool and print an ECG. If all leads print clear , solid flat lines, the lead wires are
intact.

Patient Cable Test Procedures for Internally Shorted Lead Wires

For PageWriter Models M1771A, M1770A, and M1772 (excluding software revisions
A.01.02 or A.01.08) test the patient cable for internally shorted lead wires by following
the steps in the procedure below:

1. Plug the patient cable into the cardiograph.

2. Make sure the individual lead wires do not touch each other or any conductive mate-

rial.

3. Switch the cardiograph to the ON position.

4. The top line of the display or top line of an AUTO recorded ECG [Printed Form]

should indicate RL (AHA) or N (IEC) or RL/N (combined AHA/IEC).

5. If the top line of the display or the top line of the AUTO recorded ECG [Printed

Form] shows leads other than RL, N, or RL/N, then an internally shorted lead has
been detected, and the patient cable must be replaced.

For PageWriter M1772 Models with software revisions A.01.02 or A.01.08, test the
patient cable for internally shorted lead wires by following the steps in the procedure
below:

1. Place the cardiograph in the Standby mode [if the cardiograph was ON, then you will

need to depress the button to place the cardiograph in the Standby

2Q6WDQGE\

mode.]

2. Depress and hold down keys and with fingers of one

hand, and then depress with a finger of the other hand. Thi s puts the car-

$XWR

2Q6WDQGE\

Page Advance

4-2

Test Tools

diograph in a special "QA mode" which will enable the operator to perform th is eval­uation.

3. The patient cable is then securely plugged into the cardiograph’s patient cable connec-

tor and ensure the individual lead wires do not touch each other or any electrically
conductive surface. Verify that the cable is not swinging or otherwise in motion. Do
not hold or touch the trunk cable during the test.

4. Depress and then release the key. Wait approximately 15 seconds. The car-

$XWR

diograph will generate one sheet of paper with 2 or 3 rows of information on the bot­tom left side of the paper. [If you do not see this information printed on the paper,
then go back to step 1 and repeat the procedure to enable the QA mode]

5. Note the second line from the bottom of the information will contain 9 separate 3 digit

numbers. There may also be present a 10th group of digits which contain an @ sign.
This 10th group of digits with the @ sign and any digits in that group should be
ignored.

Example 1:

006-005-007 009-008-063-007-008-007

A.01.02 4350 25.4ºC 7.74V 26.24V Battery OK AC

Example 2:

000-000-000 000-000-000-000-000-000 000

006-005-007 009-008-063-007-008-007 1511@64

A.01.08 4350 25.4ºC 7.74V 26.24V Battery OK AC

6. Check the first nine groups of three-digit numbers in the second row from the bottom.

If ANY three-digit number is greater than 025, then an internally shorted lead has
been detected and the patient cable must be replaced. If none of the three-digit num­bers exceed 025, then the cable is free of defects known as internally shorted leads
and may continue to be used. In the example above, the 6th three-digit number is

063, which exceeds 025 for an acceptable cable. Therefore, this cable is defective.

7. Place the cardiograph back into the Standby mode by depressing the

2Q6WDQGE\

button again.

8. Depress and hold down the keys and with fingers of one

hand, and then depress again with a finger of the other hand. This will

2Q6WDQGE\

$XWR

Page Advance

restore the cardiograph to its normal operating state.

Depress and then release the key. Wait approximately 15 seconds. The

$XWR

cardiograph will generate one sheet of information on recording paper. Note that on the
bottom left side of the recording there are no longer any lines of information as previously
seen in step 5. If you continue to see this information, then repeat step 7 and step 8 to
disable the "QA mode".

4-3

The Error and Event Logging

NOTE

NOTE

NOTE

Front End and RS-232 Port Test Tool (M1770-87909, Rev. B)

This tool is located on the lower side of the printer do or. To remove it, open the printer
door and reach underneath it. The tool has two test plugs, one used to test the instrument

signal path, and one used to test the c ardiograph’s RS-232 port .

Testing the Instrument Signal Path

To test the instrument signal path, plug the larger connector into the patient cable
connector on the front of the cardiograph. Print an ECG. If the front end is operating
properly, all leads will show clear, solid flat lines with little or no noise.

You can use the patient cable test tool and the front end test tool to isolate patient cable
problems and cardiograph problems.

Testing the Cardiograph’s RS-232 Port

T o t es t the cardiograph’s RS -23 2 po rt, pl ug the s mall er conn ect or int o the R S-232 port, in
place of the modem. Run the extended self-test described in Chapter 2. The modem test
will pass if the cardiograph RS-232 port is operating properly. This can help differentiate
between cardiograph problems, and cable or modem problems.

You can use the front end and RS-232 port test tool to isolate modem problems and
cardiograph problems.

The RS-232 port test connector is available only on Revision B of the M1770-87909.

3The Error and Event Logging

The last error that was displayed can be printed by starting the Extended Self-test. The
error code is useful in diagno si n g what was las t wron g wi th t he car diograph. See “How to
Read the Extended Self-Test Report” in Chapter 2 for the location of the last error on the
Extended Self-test report.

The last 46 events recorded in the Events Log are also printed on the Extended Self-Test
Report for cardiographs equipped wit h Opt ion #A 05.

4-4

Using Extended Self-test in Troubleshooting

$XWR

3Using Extended Self-test in Troubleshooting

The cardiograph’s Extended Self-test is a simple-to-use, looping test that gives you
pass/fail status for each of these major subassemblies:

• CPU assembly

•Printer

• Keyboard display (M1772A excluded)

• Modem (Option #A05 only)

Instructions for entering and using Extended Self-t est are found in Chapter 2.

3How the PageWriter 100 Communicates Error Codes and

Messages

The PageWriter 100 uses its LEDs to communicate error codes and messages.

PageWriter 100 Error Code Communication

When an error is detected, all LED’s light for 1/2 second, then the LED’s above the error
code digits light in turn for 1/2 seconds each, beginning with the leftmost digit. For
example, error code 3527 will cause the following LED’s to blink in the order given: 3

)LOWHU

, 5 , 2 , 7 (all Manual lead group LED’s).

9/HDGV

4-5

Troubleshooting Tables

PageWriter 100 Error Message Communication

The PageWriter 100 communicates the following erro r messages with these corresponding

LED’s:

Leads off All Manual lead group LED’s blink alternately with

$XWR

LED.
Check Paper Supply The current LED blinks.
Printer Door Open The current LED blinks.

3Troubleshooting Tables

The troubleshooting tables in this section help you to localize a fault and correct it. The
troubleshooting fl owchart in Figure 4-1 gu ides you to the tr oubleshooti ng table that cove rs
a particular functional area of the cardiograph.

Table 4-1 lists errors that can occur during operation and will appear only as numbers on
the display . T he table defines and explains each er ror, and suggests one or more cor rective
actions for each.

&KDUW6SHHG
&KDUW6SHHG

Figure 4-1 Troubleshooting Flowchart

Start

Powers up

Yes

Error displayed?

No

Patient Cable &
ECG Front End

ECG problems
See Table 4-3

CPU

System
inoperative
See T able 4-4

Printer

No paper
movement.
Poor print
quality.

See Table 4-5

No

Yes

Keyboard &

Display

Keys don’t
function or
garbled display

See Table 4-6

See Table 4-2

See Table 4-1

Storage

Cannot store
or retrieve
ECGs.

See Table 4-7

Transmission

Cannot send
or receive ECGs.

See Table 4-8

4-6

Troubleshooting Tables

CAUTION

Before removing or inserting any board or connector, make sure AC power is off and the
battery is removed.

The error codes listed below appear on the extended self-test report in the last error
column or in the event log (Option #A05 only) described in Chapter 2.

Table 4-1 Error Codes

Error # Definition Corrective Action

1010, 1217, 1221, 52 23 Memory allocation fault 1. Turn off, wait 30 secon ds, turn on.

2. Retry the operation .

1100, 1102-1107, 1200,
5327-5331, 3515, 5 177

1101 ECG front end could not calibrate due to exces-

2000-2003, 5221 Power supply fault. 1. Test the power supply (refer to “Testing the Power

3517-3527 Advisory codes appear during powe r-on and

3510, 7000, 7001 Defective keyboard or keyboard cable Replace keyboard if the error persists.
3531 Defective FLASH memory. 1. Perform th e extended self-test (refer to Chapter

5033-5077 Defective CPU ass em bly. 1. Turn off, wait 30 seconds, turn on.

5155 Defectiv e UART. 1. Perform the exte nded self-test (refe r t o Chapter

Defective ROMs or o th er rel a te d hardware prob­lem on CPU assembly.

sive ambient nois e.

indicate an abnor m al cardiograph sh ut down.

1. Turn off, wait 30 seconds, tur n on.

2. Replace CPU assembly, if error code persists.
If the cardiograph uses softwa re release A.01.02,

modify the card i o graph using upgr ade kit M1770-

89520.

Supply). Replace power supply if defective.

2. Inspect cabling between power supply and CPU.

3. Replace CPU assembly, if error code persists.
Turn off, wait 30 seconds, turn on.

2).

2. If the extended sel f -test fails, replac e th e O ption
#A05 PCA.

2. Replace CPU assembly, if error code persists.

2).

2. If the extended sel f -test fails, replac e th e O ption
#A05 PCA.

All other error codes Bad con figuration. 1. Reset configurati on. Refer to”Resetting th e Car-

Defective CPU assembly

diograph to the Factory Default Stat e. ”

2. Replace CPU assembly, if error code persists.

4-7

Troubleshooting Tables

2

Table 4-2 Power Supply and Battery

Symptom Possible Cause Corrective Action

AC indicator not lit. Power cord unplugged.

AC line voltage switch in wrong position.
One or both AC fuses are blown.
Power supply to CPU interface cables or key-

board cable not fully seated.
Bad power supply to CPU interface cable(s).
Bad keyboard circuit board.
Bad power supply.
Bad CPU assembly.

Cardiograph doesn’t run on

Battery connecto r i s l oose or defective.

battery, but runs on AC.

Low battery or defective battery.
Software has stoppe d.

Battery fuse is blown.

Battery charger is defective.

Cardiograph won’t powe r up
on AC or batter y.

Power supply to CPU interface cables or key­board cable not fully seated.

Power supply to CP U int erface cable(s) is defec­tive.

Software has stoppe d.

Keyboard circuit board is defective.
Power supply is defective.
CPU assembly is defective.

Plug in power cord.
Move to correct position.
Replace AC fuse(s).
Reseat cables.

Replace cable(s).
Replace keyboard as s em bly.
Replace power suppl y.
Replace CPU assembly.

Make sure battery conn ector is properly seated
and not defective.

Charge or replace battery.
Unplug from AC power. Remove battery. Wait

2 minutes. Reinstall battery and turn instru­ment on.

Disconnect the battery and visually inspect the
battery fuse on the battery. Replace the battery,
if necessary.

Replace power suppl y assembly.
Reseat cables.

Replace the power su ppl y to CPU interface
cable(s).

Unplug from AC power. Remove battery. Wait
2 minutes. Reinstall battery and turn instru­ment on.

Replace the keyboard assembly.
Replace power suppl y assembly.
Replace CPU assembly.

Battery does not charge. AC line voltage switch in wrong position.

Defective power supply.

Defective batte ry.

Battery capacity too low. Battery is not fully charged.

AC line voltage switch in wrong position.
Defective or worn-out battery.

Cardiograph turns itself off
while plugged into AC
power.

AC line voltage switch in wrong position.
Power supply to CPU interface cables or key-

board cable not fully seated.
Defective power supply.

4-8

Move to correct position
Remove battery. Using a voltmeter, measure

for approxima t ely 6.8 Vdc across the battery
connector in the unit. Replace power supply, if
absent.

Replace battery.

Fully charge battery.
Move to correct position.
Replace battery.

Move to correct position.
Reseat cables.

Replace power suppl y.

Troubleshooting Tables

Table 4-2 Power Supply and Battery

Symptom Possible Cause Corrective Action

Low Battery ligh t or Low
Battery message remains on
during extended self-test.

Low Battery ligh t or Low
Battery message blinks.

One or more power supply

voltages missing (see “Test­ing the Power Supply” at the
end of this chapter).

Low battery or defective battery.
Battery fuse is blown.

Battery charger is defective.
Low battery. Fully charge battery.

Defective regul ato r circuit(s). Replace power supply assembly.

Charge or replace battery.
Disconnect the battery and visually inspect the

battery fuse on the battery. Replace the battery,
if necessary.

Replace power suppl y assembly

Table 4-3 Patient Cable and ECG Front End

Symptom Possible Cause Corrective Action

”Leads off” not indicated
when wire is off.

Dirty contacts on p at i ent cable connector.

Defective or di rt y leadwire.

Defective ECG front end.

Ensure the contacts on the patient ca bl e connec­tor are clean and dry. Reseat the patient cable
connector.

Clean leadwire. Replace pati ent cable if leadwire
defective.

Replace CPU assembly.

”Leads off” indica te d w hen
wire is not off.

Poor electrode contact.
Defective lead wire.

Improve patien t preparation.
Clean leadwire. Replace pati ent cable if leadwire
defective.

4-9

Troubleshooting Tables

NOTE

Table 4-3 Patient Cable and ECG Front End

Symptom Possible Cause Corrective Action

Bad ECG:

Good calibration pulse in
channels where traces are not
good.

A lead is missing — dotted
line on trace.

Noisy lead(s): “AC” (regular
pattern) — for 60 Hz, 1 2
peaks/5 mm at 25 mm/sec;
for 50 Hz, 10 peaks/5 mm.

Faulty operator tec hnique; poor electrode
contact

Defective lead wires.
Defective ECG front end.
Faulty operator tec hnique; poor electrode

contact.
Defective lead wires.
Defective ECG front end.
Faulty operator tec hnique; poor electrode

contact.
Patient or patient cabl e nea r AC power.

Lead wires may be picki ng up interference
from poorly grou nded equipment near the
patient.

Refer to Table 6-2 in user’s manual.

Replace patient cable.
Replace CPU assembly.
Refer to Table 6-2 in user’s manual.

Replace patient cable.
Replace CPU assembly.
Refer to Table 6-2 in user guide.

Reposition patient ca bl e. Refer to Table 6-2 in
user guide.Try unplugging cardiograph from the
AC outlet.

Route lead wires alon g lim bs and away from
other electrical equipment. Fix or move poorly
grounded equipm ent .

Patient cable is too close to the cardiograph
or other power cords.

Noisy leads: Muscle artifact. Patient is not relaxed or skin has been irri-

tated.
Low quality disposable electrodes, leadw i r e

adapters.

Noisy lead(s): I, II I, aVL LA leadwire defective. Replace patient cab le .
Noisy lead(s): II , III, aVF LL leadwire defective. Replace patient cable.
Noisy lead(s): I, II , aVR RA lead w i re defective. Replace patient cable.
Noise in only one V l ead. Faulty ope rator technique; po or electrode

contact.
Defective lead wires

Noise in general. Faulty operator tec hnique; poor electrode

contact.
Defective lead wires.

Move the cardiogra ph away from the patient .
Unplug the cardiograph and operate on battery.
Unplug the electric bed.

Refer to Table 6-2 in User Guide.

Replace disposable electrodes or leadwire adapt­ers.

Test with ECG simulator. Replace patient cable.

Refer to Table 6-2 in user guide.

Replace patient cable.
Refer to Table 6-2 in user guide.

Replace patient cable.

Remember that most noise results from poor patient-electrode connections or poor quality
electrodes. If noise persists after checking electrode placement and lead-electrode
connections, the noise may be due to poor quality electrodes. Some electrodes have a shelf
life of 48 hours or less once the foil package is opened. Eliminate electrode placement,
connections, and freshness as the causes of the noise before replacing the patient cable.

4-10

Troubleshooting Tables

NOTE

Chart Speed

Chart Speed

Page Advance

You can use the patient cable test tool and the ECG front end test tool to determine
whether a problem is caused by a poor patient to electrode connection, a defective cable or

a defective cardiograph. See the section titled “Test Tools” in this chapter for more
information about using the patient cable test tool.

Table 4-4 CPU Assembly

Symptom Possible Cause Corrective Action

System turns on but won’t
run. Power supply OK.

System won’t turn off. Software has stopp ed.

A cable is not fully seated.
Defective CPU assembly.

Defective CPU assembly

Reseat all cables.
Replace CPU assembly.

Unplug from AC power. Remove battery. W ait 2
minutes. Replace battery and turn unit on.

Replace CPU assembly.

Table 4-5 Printer

Symptom Possible Cause Corrective Action

Paper doesn’t move; printer erro r message
displayed

the current LED is flash­ing.

Paper moves then st ops and displays error
message

the current LED is flash­ing.

Check paper supply or

Check paper supply or

A printer cable is no t fully seated.
Defective sensor assembly.
Defective motor assembly.
Defective motor drive assembly.
Defective roller.
Defective roller.

Paper loaded incorrec tly.

Dirty sensor lens .
A printer cable is no t fully seated.
Defective sensor assembly.
Defective sensor circuit.
Defective roller.

Replace paper or clear paper jam.
Reseat connectors J303 through J306.
Replace sensor assembly.
Replace motor assembly.
Replace CPU assembly.
Replace printer door assembly.

Make sure cardiograph is loaded properly
with approved thermal paper.

Clean sensor lens.
Reseat connectors J303 through J306.
Replace sensor assembly.
Replace CPU assembly.
Replace printer door assembly.

Paper stops in the wrong place after pressing

Auto

or . No error

message.

Wrong type of paper.

Sensor hole not cut out properly on
paper.

A printer cable is no t fully seated.
Dirty sensor lens .
Defective sensor.
Defective sensor circuit

Make sure cardiograph is loaded properly
with approved thermal paper.

Remove defective s heet of paper.

Reseat connectors J303 through J306.
Clean sensor lens.
Replace sensor assembly.
Replace CPU assembly.

4-11

Troubleshooting Tables

Chart Speed

Table 4-5 Printer

Symptom Possible Cause Corrective Action

Message: Printer door open or
the current LED is flash-

ing.

Wavy diagonal lines on printer self- t est or
distortion of printouts in the time axis.

Printing is dark on one side of page but fai nt
on the other side.

Paper moves but nothing prints. Paper loaded incorrectly, or non-

Door is ajar.
A printer cable is no t fully seated.
Printhead contact switch clip or leaf

spring touching contact post.
Defective sensor assembly.
Defective door-detect circuit.

Improper mesh ing of gears in printer
drive assembly or door assembly.

Printhead is not free to float and pro­vide even (unifor m ) pressure distribu­tion across platen roller.

approved or non-thermal paper
installed.

A printer cable is no t fully seated.
VPRINT supply defective.

Insufficient leaf spring tension or
printhead out of position.

Defective printhe ad or printhead
cables.

Defective component in printer cir­cuitry.

Close door.
Reseat connectors J303 through J306.
Check leaf spring behind printhead and

contact post.
Replace sensor assembly.
Replace CPU assembly.

Replace printer dri ve assembly or door
assembly.

Make sure the printer drive assembly is
properly mounted o n th e t op cover.

Make sure there is slack in the printhead
cables.

Replace printer door.
Replace printhead as sembly.

Make sure cardiograph is properly loaded
with approved thermal paper.

Reseat connectors J303 through J306.
T est VPRINT. If de fect ive, re place po wer

supply.
Check leaf spring for printhead platen

pressure, door latch.
Replace printhead assembly or printh ead

cables.
Replace CPU assembly.

Paper moves but printing is faint. Door improperly latched.

Paper loaded incorrectly, or non­approved or non-thermal paper
installed.

A printer cable is no t fully seated.

VPRINT supply defective.

Insufficient leaf spring tension or
printhead out of position.

Defective printhe ad or printhead
cables.

Defective component in printer cir­cuitry.

Capacitor assembly defective.

Close door properly.
Make sure cardiograph is properly loaded

with approved thermal paper.

Reseat connectors J302 through J306, and
connectors on the capacitor board

T est VPRINT. If de fect ive, re place po wer
supply.

Check leaf spring for printhead platen
pressure, door latch.

Replace printhead as sembly.

Replace CPU assembly.

Replace capacito r assembly.

4-12

Troubleshooting Tables

Table 4-5 Printer

Symptom Possible Cause Corrective Action

Printed data are garbled. A printer cable is not fully seated.

Defective printhead.
Defective component in data path.

Poor print quality or some dots not printing. Dirty printhead.

Loose ESD brush fibers.

Incorrect printhead or sensor cable
routing.

Defective printhe ad or printhead
cables.

Defective component in printer cir­cuitry.

Some dots always on. Defective printhead.

Defective printhe ad or printhead
cables.

Reseat connector J304.
Replace printhead as sembly.

1.Replace printhe ad c ont rol cable.

2. Replace CPU assembly.
Clean printhead.

Remove loose brush f ib er s and clean
printhead.

Make sure there is slack in the printhead
cables.

Replace printhead assembly or printh ead
cables.

Replace CPU assembly.

Replace printhead as sembly.
Replace printhead assembly or printh ead

cables.

Table 4-6 Keyboard and Display (LCD)

Symptom Possible Cause Corrective Action

Display sta ys blank or all
black. (M1770A / M1771A
only)

Contrast misadjusted.

Keyboard cable i s not fully seated.
No power being su pplied to keyboard assem-

bly.
Defective keyboar d a ssembly.
Defective LCD assembly
Defective contrast control in CPU ass embly.

Adjust contrast using the and . or

keys.

Reseat keyboa rd cable.
Test power supply. Replace if defective.

Replace keyboard as s em bly.
Replace LCD assembly.
Replace CPU assembly.

Shift

Keys won’t work. Unable to
enter data or operate controls.

Garbled data on display. Keyboard cable not seated correctly.

Keyboard cable unpl ugged.
Keyboard circuit board defective.
CPU assembly defective.

Keyboard flex cable connection is poor.

Defective LCD.
Defective keyboar d a ssembly.
Defective CPU assembly.

Reconnect keyboard cable.
Replace keyboard as s em bly.
Replace CPU assembly.

Make sure cable from keyboard to CPU assem­bly is properly seat ed.

Make sure flex cable is fully inserted and locked
in each connector.

Replace LCD assembly.
Replace keyboard as s em bly.
Replace CPU assembly.

4-13

Troubleshooting Tables

Table 4-7 Storage (Option #A05 0nly)

Message Possible Cause Possible Solutions

ECG too noisy to sto r e
(This message appears briefly on the

screen)

"Storage system full" message appears
when fewer than 30 ECGs are stored.

Unable to store ECG
(This message appears briefly on the

screen)
Unable to retrieve ECG

(This message appears briefly on the
screen)

Poor electrode cont act . D ry or dirty elec­trodes.

Patient moving or not relaxed.

Lead wires may be picki ng up interfer­ence from poorl y grounded equipm ent
near the patient.

Patient cable is too close to the cardio­graph or other power cor ds.

30 ECGs stored in memory.
Storage memory gradually wears out after

many thousand st ore/erase cycles. Conse­quently, ECG storage capacity decreases
gradually over the lif e of th e pr oduct.

A fault exists in the storage hardware. Call Agilent service

A fault exists in the storage hardware. Call Agilent service

Use new electrodes. Abrade skin. Reap­ply electrodes. Check expiration date on
disposable electr odes.

Reassure and relax the patien t. Press the

Filter

fact.
Route lead wires alon g lim bs and away

from other electrical equipment. Fix or
move poorly grounded equipment.

Move the cardiograph away from the
patient. Unplug the cardiograph and oper­ate on battery power. Move other electri­cal equipment away from patient. Unplug
electric bed.

Delete some ECGs.
If under warranty, call Agilent service.

Generally, stored ECGs are retrievable. If
remaining ECG storage capacity is unac­ceptable, call Agilent serv ice .

key if it is configured for Arti-

4-14

Troubleshooting Tables

Table 4-8 Transmission (Option #A05 only)

Message Possible Cause Possible Solutions

Telephone busy, waiting to redial Busy telephon e ay remo te site. Normal event. The cardiograph will

redial, waiting 30 seconds between
attempts, until the line is o pen or un til th e
operator stops the transmission.

No answer, re-dialing Remote mo dem not connected, or the car-

diograph modem is set to wait for an
answer for too few rings

Check telephone cab l e No dial tone. Check the telephon e cable connection to

Check modem and ca bl e No power to modem, or poor modem

cable connection .

Defective cable.

Defective modem.

Check cable Poor cable conn ection between cardio-

graph and TraceMaster system.

Defective cable.

Check modem configuration Incompatible or imp roperly initialized

modem

Be sure the remote si te is r eady t o r ecei ve
the transmission. If necessary, extend the
time the modem will wait for a connec-

tion by adding the string “S7=90” to the
modem initialization string.

the modem. Attach the telephone cable to
a telephone to veri fy a dial tone on the
line.

Check that the data cable is attached to
the modem and to the cardiograph’s RS­232 port. Check op eration of the RS-232
port.

Replace the data cabl e.

Run the modem self-test. Repla ce modem
if defective.

Check that the data cable is attached to
the cardiograph’s RS-232 port. Ch ec k
operation of the RS-232 port.

Replace the data cabl e.
Check the modem initialization string for

legal modem commands. See you modem
documentation for legal commands for
your modem.

4-15

Troubleshooting Tables

Table 4-8 Transmission (Option #A05 only)

Message Possible Cause Possible Solutions

No modem at remote site The loc al modem could not complete the

connection. The mos t li ke ly causes are:

1. Telephone cable disconnected from
local modem.

2. Remote modem turned off or discon­nected from telephone line.

3. Telephone prematurely disconnected at
remote site.

4. Excessive noise on the telephone line.

5. Incompati ble transm ission pr otocols o n
remote and local modems.

6. Incompatible modem setup strings on
the remote and local modems.

7. The remote modem did not answer the
phone cal within the time specified in

the modem’s S7 register, and the @
symbol is not present in the tel ep ho ne
number string in the cardiograph tele­phone directory.

1. Check all cable connections.

2. Be sure the remote mo dem is tu rned on
and connected to the telephone cable.

3. Retry the transmission.

4. Retry the transmission.

5. Check the cardiograph telephone direc­tory and verify te le phone number,
device type, and transmission speed.

6. Check the modem initialization string
commands that allow compatibility
with the remote modem.

7. Be sure the remote site is rea d y to
receive the transmission. Consider
extending the time the modem waits
for a connection by adding the string
“S7=90” to the modem initialization
string.

Transmission stopped unexpectedly. X of
N ECGs received.

Cable/ modem problem, Press any key to
continue.

Transmission stopped unexpectedly. X of
N ECGs received.

Modem was disc onnected. Press any k ey
to continue.

Transmission stopped unexpectedly. X of
N ECGs sent. Remote site stopped com­munication (nnnn). Press any key to con­tinue.

or

Transmission stopped unexpectedly. X of
N ECGs received. Remote site stopped
communication (nnnn). Press any key to
continue.

No power to modem, or poor modem
cable connection .

Problem with telephone line or remote
modem.

Communication speed of the remote
device does not match that of the cardio­graph, or the remote site modem malfu nc­tions. The (nnnn) is the event code
associated with the message, and is
recorded in the event log when this mes­sage appears. These events relate to the
transmissi on prot oco l. See Table 4 -9 for a
list of event codes.

Check that at least on of the modem’s
LEDs is on. Check that th e data cable is
attached to the modem and to the cardio­graph’s RS-232 port. Check operation of
the RS-232 port.

Check that at least on of the modem’s
LEDs is on. Check that th e data cable is
attached to the modem and to the cardio­graph’s RS-232 port. Check operation of
the RS-232 port.

Be sure the remote si te is read y to r ecei ve
the transmission.

Retry the transmission at 2400 bps.
Be sure the remote si te is read y to r ecei ve

the transmission.

Be sure the remote site is ready to send
the transmission.

4-16

Troubleshooting Tables

In addition to the error codes listed above, the following event codes are displayed on the
extended se lf-test report for cardiographs equipped with Option #A05.

Table 4-9 Event Codes (Option #A05 only)

Event # Definition Corrective Action

1223 Record corru pt ed during transmissio n. This code is

followed by an sub-error code.

3573 1. The battery w as removed when the cardiograph

was not plugged in to A C pow er.

2. The battery fuse is defective.
3575 The cardiograph turned off due to inactivity. Normal event. No a ct ion required.
3577 The cardiograph turned off due to low battery. Plug cardiograph into AC power.
3700 The power w as cycled quickly. Normal event. No actio n required.
3701 Errors were detected in the front end communication

link.

5160, sub code 3 No modem at remote site. 1. Check all cable connections.

Retry the transmission .

Replace the battery.

Run the extended sel f-test to check oper at ion of the
front-end.

2. Be sur e the remo te modem is turned o n and con­nected to the telephone cable.

3. Check the cardiograph telephone directory and
verify telephon e number, device type, and tran s­mission speed.

4. Check the modem initialization string commands
that allow compatibility with the remote modem.

5. Be sure the remote site is ready to receive the
transmission. Consider extending the time the
modem waits for a connection by adding the

string “S7=90” to the modem initia lization string.

6. Retry the transmission

5160, sub code 4 Check modem co nfiguration. Check the modem initia lization string for l egal

modem commands. See your modem documentati on
for legal commands for your modem.

5160, sub code 5 Check telephone cable. Check the telephone cable connection to the

modem. Attach the telephone cab le to a telepho ne to
verify a dial tone on t he line.

5160, sub code 6 Telephone busy, waiting to redial...

(after 30 seconds, this message appears:)
Telephone busy, redialing...

5160, sub code 7 No answer, waiting to red ia l .. .

(after 30 seconds, this message appears:)
No answer, redialing...

Normal event. The cardiograph will redial, waiting
30 seconds between attempts , un til the line is open
or until the operator stops the transmission.

Be sure the remote site is ready to receive a trans­mission. If necessary, extend the time the modem
will wait for a conn ection by adding the st ring
“S7=90” to the modem initialization string.

4-17

Troubleshooting Tables

Event # Definition Corrective Action

5160, sub codes 10

and 11

5161 Transmission stopped unexpectedl y.

5162 Transmission stopped unexpectedl y.

5163 Transmission stopped unexpectedl y.

Check cable. (This message appear s when the trans­mission type is Direct or Direct SCP)

Check modem and cable. (This message appears
when the transmission type is Modem or Modem
SCP.)

x of n ECGs sent
Cable/modem problem
Press any key to cont inue
or
Transmission stopped unexpectedly.
x of n ECGs received
Cable/modem problem
Press any key to cont inue

x of n ECGs received
Modem was disc onnected
Press any key to cont inue

x of n ECGs sent
Remote site stopped communication
Press any key to cont inue
or
Transmission stopped unexpectedly.
x of n ECGs sent
Remote site stopped communication
Press any key to cont inue

Check that at least one of the modem’s LEDs is on.
Check that the data cable is attached to the modem
and to the cardiogr aph’s RS-232 port. Check opera­tion of the RS-232 po rt .

Check that at least one of the modem’s LEDs is on.
Check that the data cable is attached to the modem
and to the cardiogr aph’s RS-232 port. when trans­mitting or receiving ECGs. Check operation of the
RS-232 port.

1. Check that at least one of the modem’s LEDs is
on. Check that the data cable is attached to the
modem and to the car di ograph’s RS-232 port
when transmitting or receiving ECGs. Check
operation of the RS-2 32 port.

2. Retry transmissi on at 2400 bps.

Be sure the remote site is read y to send or re ceive
the transmission.

7127-7141 Fax transmission pr obl ems. 1. Verify that the remote fax is a group III fa x

machine.

2. Check the fax machine initialization string.

9001-9007 Sender time-out while waiting for response from

receiver during transmission using Direct transmis-

sion protocol.
9010-9015 Receiver time-out waiting for response from sender. Retry transmission at 2400 bps.
9021 Normal Direct transmission link termination. No action. Normal event. Transmission completed

9022 Operator stopped tran smis sion at remote site. Contact the remote site.
9023 Cardiograph stopped transmission due to a system

error at the local or remote site. The most common

remote site error is missing paper on the receiving

cardiograph.

Retry transmission at 2400 bps.

successfully

Check the receiving device to make sure it is ready
to receive the transmission.

4-18

Troubleshooting Tables

Event # Definition Corrective Action

9030-9035, 9042­9045, 9050, 9051,
9069-9085

9038 A non-speci fic error occurred during transmission. Retry tra n s mission at 2400 bps.
9046 Remote device not supported. Verify that the remote site is compatible with the

9047-9049 Requested an ECG from an unrecognized device. Verify that the remote site is a TraceMaster ECG

9052-9065 Premature quit command received from remote site. Contact remote site.
9066 Defective FLASH memory 1. Perform the extended s el f- t est (refer to Chapter

9067 Memory allocation fault duri ng transmission . 1. Turn off, wait 30 seconds, turn on.

9086 Unrecognized device for t ra ns mission Verify that the remote site is compati ble with th e

9087-9089 Printer problem during transmission. 1. Check the paper supply.

Direct trans m i ssion protocol error. Retry transmission .

PageWriter cardiograph.

Management System.

2).

2. If the extended sel f -test fails, replac e th e O ption
#A05 PCA.

2. Retry transmissi on.

PageWriter cardiograph.

2. Be sure the printer door is closed.

3. Retry the transmission.

9163 Transmission stoppe d unexpectedly.

x of n ECGs sent
Remote site stopped communication
Press any key to cont inue
or
Transmission stopped unexpectedly.
x of n ECGs received
Remote site stopped communication
Press any key to cont inue

9200 An ECG was requested from a FAX machine. Select a connection type of Modem, Direct, Modem-

9500-9674 Unable to build an SCP record for transmission. Turn off, wait 3 0 seconds, turn on. Ret ry the trans-

9575-9895 SCP transmission errors. Retry the transmission. Call Agilent if the error per-

9585, 9586 The ECG transmission stalled before completion,

either because the file transfer proto col is absent or
is in an unexpected state, or another communication
error occurred.

1. Verify the trans mission speed matches that of the
remote site.

2. Verify the remote system communication is oper­ating correctly

SCP, or Direct SCP to re quest a n ECG from a remo te
site.

mission. If the error persists, call Agilent.

sists.
W ait one minute, then retry th e transmission. Check

or restart the communication software at the remote
site. If the error persists, call Agilent.

4-19

Troubleshooting Tables

Event # Definition Corrective Action

9640, 9769 The receiving device rejected a transmitted ECG

because of data error s.

Wait one minute, then retry the transmission. If the
error persists, call Agilent.

Table 4-10 Recorder Problems

Problem Corrective Action

Is the cardiograp h turned on? The LCD screen should be on. Use the shift and

up/down key to incr ease/decrease intensity.

Is the AC power ligh t on? If the cardiograph is plugged in and the AC light is

not on, check fu ses.

Is the battery adequately cha rged? The low battery message (in t he upper- left corner of

the screen) will appear if the bat t ery is not charged.

Is the cardiograp h out of paper or is paper

jammed?
Is the paper sensor lens dirty or obstruct ed? Clean sensor le ns.
Is the paper door com pletely closed? Open paper door slightly and close it. Li sten for the

Is there an erro r m essage? The error messages that display on the screen will

The cardiograph will not record an ECG unless
paper is loaded and no jam exists.

door safety latch to lock.

instruct y ou as to wha t action to take. If it i s some­thing that you can correct, the message will instruct
you as to what to do. If an error number disp la ys,
perform the follo w ing steps:

1. Turn the cardiograph to STANDBY from the
front panel.

4-20

2. Wait 20 seconds or more and turn the unit on
again.

3. Press AUTO or MANUAL. If the cardiograph

turns itself to STANDBY, the battery is not
operating properly.

4. If error persists, call Agilent Medical Call Cen-

ter
1 800 548-8833

Testing the Power Supply

WARNING

CAUTION

NOTE

4Testing the Power Supply

Use this procedure to check the voltages produced by the power supply. The cardiograph
must be connected to AC power to test all the power supp ly voltages. All the voltage
measurements are taken with respect to ground, unless indicated. Refer to Figure 4-2 for
voltage test point locations.

When the cardiograph is connected to AC power, there are dangerous voltages
present in the areas indicated in Figure 4-2 and on the Capacitor Assembly. Do
not touch any exposed metal while the cardiograph is open and AC power is
connected.

1. Open the top cover assembly as described in Chapter 5.

2. Without replacing the top cover, plug the keyboard cable into J201.

3. With the battery removed, plug the unit into AC power.

Be very careful to not short any signal to ground or to other pins. This will result in
cardiograph failure.

4. Verify AC LED is lit. If it is not lit, measure ACON between ground and the back-

plane pin 5 of J3. It should read approximately 5 Vdc. The presence of this voltage
confirms the proper operation of the primary transformer, fuses and ACON regulator
circuit.

5. Measure VSEC between the anode of CR1 (-VSEC) and the cathode of CR8

(+VSEC). It should read approximately 25 Vdc. The presence of this voltage con­firms the proper operation of the mains transformer/primary power circuit and the
secondary rectifier filter.

6. Measure VBAT between ground and the point marked VBAT. It should read approxi-

mately 6.7 (minimum) to 7.03 (maximum) Vdc @ 25° C. This vo ltage confirms the
proper operation of the battery charger.

The voltage range for environments with temperatures other than 25° C can be calculated
from the following equations:
Vmin = [2.220 - (T - 25)3.9×10

-3

]3.016, where T = temperature in °C

Vmax = [2.315 - (T - 25)3.9×10-3]3.024

7. Measure UNSW+5V between ground and the point marked UNSW+5V. It should

read 5 Vdc. Its presence confirms the proper operation of the unswitched 5 volt regu­lator.

4-21

Testing the Power Supply

8. Turn the cardiograph On by pressing .

2Q6WDQGE\

9. Measure SW+5V between ground and the point marked SW+5V. It should read +5

Vdc. Its presence confirms the proper operation of the switched 5 volt regulator and
boost regulator.

10. Turn the cardiograph to Standby.

11. Unplug the ca rdiograph from AC power.

12. Look on the first page of the Extended Self-test printout and verify that the printhead

voltage is approxim ately 26.1 Vdc. If th e volt age is co rrect th en the power su pply test
is complete and the cardiograph may be reassembled. If the voltage is incorrect or the
printer is inoperative then proceed with the following steps.

13. Disconnect the keyboard connector from J201. Place the upper case on top of the bot-

tom case assembly. Turn the unit bottom-side up.

14. Install the battery and turn the unit top-side up.

15. Remove the upper case.

16. Connect the keyboard cable to J201.

17. Turn the cardiograph On.

18. Connect one end of a jumper wire with grabber clips to pin 1 of VR5. The jumper

wire is now connected to +5V. Connect the other end to the lead of R37. The other
end is now connected to PPWRON.

19. Measure VPRINT between ground and the point marked VPRINT. It should read

approximately 26.1 V DC. Its presence confirms the proper operation of the printing
supply circuit.

20. Remove the jumper wire.

21. Turn the cardiograph to Standby.

22. Close the top cover assembly.

4-22

Testing the Power Supply

Figure 4-2 Voltage Test Locations

4-23

Testing the Power Supply

4-24

Removal and Replacement

NOTE

4Introduction

This chapter contains procedures for removing and replacing these cardiograph
subassemblies:

• battery

• keyboard and the keyboard display assembly

• top cover assembly

• printer drive assembly

• printhead assembly

• CPU assembly

• power supply assembly

• internal cabling

• #A05 storage and transmission assembly

The way in which wires and cables are routed and dressed inside the main chassis plays an
important part in reducing electromagnetic and radio freq uency interference emitted by
the cardiograph. When you disassemble any part of the cardiograph, pay special attention
to the way cables and wires are routed and dressed. When you reassemble the cardiograph ,
be sure to route and dress all cables and wires as they were originally.

Tool Requirements

These are the tools you need to remove and replace the cardiograph’s subassemblies:

• 7-mm or 9/ 32-inch wrench

• 7/32-inch wrench

• 2 flat-bladed screwdrivers

• #0 Phillips screwdriver

• T-10 Torx drivers (or Torx driver kit, Agilent part number 5181-1933)

• Long-nose pliers

• IC Extraction Tool (AMP 821591-1 size 44)

5-1

The Battery

NOTE

WARNING

NOTE

The directions in this chapter generally assume you are facing the front of the cardiogr aph

as you work. Thus, for example, the “left side o f the cardiog raph” means “y our left side as
you face the front of the unit.”

4The Battery

This section explains how to remove and replace the battery . These pro cedures apply to all
units.

Removing the Battery

To remove the battery:

1. Turn the cardiograph to Standby.

2. Unplug the ca rdiograph from AC power.

3. Turn the cardiograph bottom-side up.

4. Slide the battery door in the direction of the arrow until it unlatches (ap proxim a tely

1/2 inch), as shown in Figure 5-1. Lift off the door.

5. Unplug the battery connector from the cardiograph by squeezing the locking tabs of

the connector and pulling it straight out from the cardiograph.

6. Remove the battery.

To replace the battery, perform the procedure Removing the Battery in reverse.

Dispose of or recycle depleted batteries according to local regulations. Do not
disassemble, puncture, or incinerate the battery assembly.

To insure full battery capacity, connect the cardiograph to AC power and charge the
battery for 16 hours with the cardiograph in Standby mode.

5-2

The Battery

Figure 5-1 Removing the Battery Door.

A Battery door

5-3

The Keyboard Assembly

CAUTION

5The Keyboard Assembly

This section explains how to remove and replace the keyboard assembly. The keyboard
procedures apply to all models. The keyboard display procedures only apply to
PageWriter 200/200i/300pi.

Note that replacement part numbers for keyboard assembly compo nents vary with the unit
serial number. Refer to the Part List section of this manual to verify replacement part
numbers.

Removing the Keyboard

The keyboard assembly consists of the keyboard overlay, the keyboard assembly, the
flexible circuit, and the keyboard display.

Removing the Keyboard Assembly

Use an electrostatic wrist band or other approved method for protection against
electrostatic discharge when handling the keyboard assembly.

To remove the keyboard assembly:

1. Perform the procedure Removing the Battery.

2. Turn the cardiograph top-side up.

3. Carefully insert a flat-bladed screwdriver into the notches at the front edge of the key-

board overlay and pry the front edge of t he key boar d over l ay up. Refer to F igure 5 -2.

4. Repeat with the rear notches of the keyboard overlay and remove the overlay.

5-4

The Keyboard Assembly

Figure 5-2 Removing the Keyboard Overlay

A. Overlay notches

5. Using two screwdrivers, place the blade of one screwdriver on the leftmost latch of

the keyboard assembly and push toward the rear of the cardiograph. See Figure 5-3.
Carefully insert the blade of the second screwdriver in a notch to the right or left of
the latch and lift up on the keyboard assembly. The leftmost latch should unlatch.
Repeat with the center and rightmost latches.

Figure 5-3 Removing the Keyboard.

A. Notches
B. Latches

5-5

The Keyboard Assembly

CAUTION

6. Carefully lift the assembly and tilt it until the keyboard and control board are accessi-

ble.

7. Disconnect the keyboard ribbon cable from J201 on the control board.

8. Disconnect the green wire from the keyboard.

9. Remove the keyboard.

Do not remove the keyboard circuit board from the keyboard bezel. Removing the board
can impair the long-term reliability of the cardiograph.

Removing the Keyboard Flexible Circuit

To remove the keyboard flexible circuit:

1. Perform the procedures Removing the Battery and Removing the Keyboard Assembly.

2. Place the keyboard assembly with the keys down on a flat surface.

3. Grasp the tabs at the ends of one of the con nectors and g ently pull to ward the flexible

circuit. The locking sleeve should now be extended.

4. Repeat with the other connector.

5. Remove the keyboard flexible circuit.

To replace the keyboard flexible circuit, perform the above procedure in reverse.

Removing the Keyboard Display

The keyboard display consists of the LCD, display shield, and mounting hardware.

1. Perform the procedure Removing the Keyboard Assembly.

2. Using a #0 Phillips screwdriver, remove the 4 screws that secure the LCD display.

3. Remove the display shield and 4 rubber o-rings.

4. To remove the flexible circuit, grasp the tabs at the ends of one of the connectors and

gently pull toward the flexible circuit. The locking sleeve should now be extended.
Repeat with the other connector. Lift the flexible circuit out.

5. Remove the LCD.

To replace the keyboard display, perform the above procedure in reverse.

5-6

The Keyboard Assembly

CAUTION

Replacing the Keyboard

To replace the keyboard, perform the following steps:

1. Connect the green wire to the spade connector on the keyboard.

2. Connect the keyboard ribbon cable to J201 on the control board.

3. Position the top of the keyboard so the four tabs on the top of the keyboard frame are

placed under the lip on keyboard well.

4. Press down on the base of the keyboard until each latch is latched.
The rubber keypad and/or keyboard assembly may be damaged if any key or LED

becomes trapped under the overlay while replacing the overlay. Make sure each and every
key and LED comes through its hole in the overlay.

5. Align the overlay with each of the keyboard keys and LEDs. Position your thumbs

along the front edge of the overlay near each end. Apply pressure on the overlay
toward the rear of the unit and then press down on the overlay . This is one continuous
motion. The front of the overlay should now be snapped into place. Snap the rear of
the overlay into place.

5-7

The Top Cover Assembly

5The Top Cover Assembly

This section describes how to remove and replace the top cover assembly. The top cover
assembly includes the upper chassis, the printer door, and the printer assembly.

Figure 5-4 Interior Details of Top Cover Removal

A. Chassis screw
B. Control board screw
C. Printer drive assembly

Opening and Removing the Top Cover Assembly

To open the top cover assembly:

1. Perform the procedures Removing the Battery and Removing the Keyboard Assembly.

2. Turn the cardiograph bottom-side up.

3. Using a Torx T-10 screwdriver, remove the five screws that secure the upper and

lower parts of the chassis.

4. Turn the chassis upright. This will cause the five screws to fall out of the chassis. Per-

form this step slowly to avoid losing the screws.

5. Using a Torx T-10 screwdriver, remove the chassis screw seen through the keyboard

opening. Refer to Figure 5-4.

5-8