Agilent N5230A Service Guide

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Service Guide

Agilent Technologies

PNA-L

Microwave Network Analyzer

N5230A

Part Number N5230-90002

Printed in USA

April 2004

Supersedes: March 2004

 Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2003, 2004

Warranty Statement

THE MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED “AS IS,” AND IS SUBJECT TO BEING CHANGED, WITHOUT NOTICE, IN FUTURE EDITIONS. FURTHER, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, AGILENT DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WITH REGARD TO THIS MANUAL AND ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. AGILENT SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ERRORS OR FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH THE FURNISHING, USE, OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS DOCUMENT OR ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN. SHOULD AGILENT AND THE USER HAVE A SEPARATE WRITTEN AGREEMENT WITH WARRANTY TERMS COVERING THE MATERIAL IN THIS DOCUMENT THAT CONFLICT WITH THESE TERMS, THE WARRANTY TERMS IN THE SEPARATE AGREEMENT WILL CONTROL.

DFARS/Restricted Rights Notice

If software is for use in the performance of a U.S. Government prime contract or subcontract, Software is delivered and licensed as “Commercial computer software” as defined in DFAR 252.227-7014 (June 1995), or as a “commercial item” as defined in FAR

2.101(a) or as “Restricted computer software” as defined in FAR 52.227-19 (June 1987) or any equivalent agency regulation or contract clause. Use, duplication or disclosure of Software is subject to Agilent Technologies’ standard commercial license terms, and non-DOD Departments and Agencies of the U.S. Government will receive no greater than Restricted Rights as defined in FAR 52.227-19(c)(1-2) (June 1987). U.S. Government users will receive no greater than Limited Rights as defined in FAR 52.227-14 (June 1987) or DFAR 252.227-7015 (b)(2) (November 1995), as applicable in any technical data.

Certification

Agilent Technologies, Inc. certifies that this product met its published specifications at the time of shipment from the factory. Agilent Technologies, Inc. further certifies that its calibration measurements are traceable to the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology, to the extent allowed by the Institute's calibration facility, and to the calibration facilities of other International Standards Organization members.

ii Service Guide N5230-90002

Assistance

Product maintenance agreements and other customer assistance agreements are available for Agilent Technologies, Inc. products. For information about these agreements and for other assistance, contact Agilent. Refer to “Contacting Agilent” on page 2-10.

Safety and Regulatory Information

The safety and regulatory information pertaining to this product is located in Chapter 1,

“Safety and Regulatory Information.”

Safety Notes

The following safety notes are used throughout this manual. Familiarize yourself with each of the notes and its meaning before operating this instrument. All pertinent safety notes for using this product are located in Chapter 1, “Safety and Regulatory Information.”

WARNING

CAUTION

Warning denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in injury or loss of life. Do not proceed beyond a warning note until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

Caution denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to or destruction of the instrument. Do not proceed beyond a caution sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

Service Guide N5230-90002 iii

Documentation Map

The online Help files are embedded in the analyzer, offering quick reference to programming and user documentation. From the Help drop-down menu, you can access the Help system in five different languages. Also, you can view the Analyzer Product Overview multimedia presentation and access the analyzer’s Web page.

The Installation and Quick Start Guide helps you to quickly familiarize yourself with the analyzer. Procedures are provided for installing, configuring, and verifying the operation of the analyzer.

The CD-ROM provides the following:

•Installation and Quick Start Guide (PDF)

•Service Guide (PDF)

•Help system

•Network Analyzer Product Overview multimedia presentation

Printing Copies of Documentation from the Web

To print copies of documentation from the Web, download the PDF file from the Agilent web site:

•Go to http://www.agilent.com.

• Enter the document’s part number (located on the title page) in the Quick Search box.

• Click GO.

iv Service Guide N5230-90002

1 Safety and Regulatory Information

Information in This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2

Chapter One at-a-Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2

Safety Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3

General Safety Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3

Safety Earth Ground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3

Before Applying Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3

Servicing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-4

Electrostatic Discharge Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-5

Regulatory Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-6

Instrument Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-6

Lithium Battery Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-6

Compliance with Canadian EMC Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-7

Compliance with German FTZ Emissions Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-7

Compliance with German Noise Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-7

2 General Product Information

Information in This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2

Chapter Two at-a-Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2

Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3

Physical Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3

Electrical Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3

Analyzer Options Available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3

Options as Upgrades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3

Option 010, Time Domain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3

Option 014, Configurable Test Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3

Option 080, Frequency Offset Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4

Option 1E1, Source Attenuators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4

Option F20, 20 GHz Frequency Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4

Option F40, 40 GHz Frequency Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4

Option F50, 50 GHz Frequency Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4

Option 1CP, Rack Mount Flange Kit for Instruments with Handles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4

Option 1CM, Rack Mount Flange Kit for Instruments without Handles . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4

Analyzer Upgrades Available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-5

Analyzer Accessories Available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-5

CD-RW Drive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-5

USB Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-5

Required Service Test Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6

Agilent Support, Services, and Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9

Service and Support Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9

Calibration Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9

Contacting Agilent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-10

Shipping Your Analyzer to Agilent for Service or Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-11

Service Guide N5230-90002 Contents-1

Contents

3 Tests and Adjustments

Information in This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2

Chapter Three at-a-Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

Before You Begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

Verify the Operating Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

Protect Against Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

Allow the Analyzer to Warm Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

Review the Principles of Connector Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

About System Verification and Performance Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

System Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

Instrument Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

System Verification Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

Performance Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

Certificate of Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-7

ANSI/NCSL Z540–1–1994 Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8

Non-ANSI/NCSL Z540–1–1994 Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

Preliminary Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10

The Operator’s Check. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10

The Test Port Cable Checks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12

System Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19

What the System Verification Verifies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19

Measurement Uncertainty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20

Measurement Traceability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21

Performing System Verification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-22

Performance Tests (Agilent N2721A Software Package). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28

Source Maximum Power Output Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28

Source Power Linearity Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-29

Frequency Accuracy Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-29

Trace Noise Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-30

System Compression Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-30

Noise Floor Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-31

Calibration Coefficients Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-32

Dynamic Accuracy Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-33

Power Meter Accuracy Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-34

Adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-39

10 MHz Frequency Reference Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-39

LO Power Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-40

Source Calibration Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-41

Receiver Calibration Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-42

4 Troubleshooting

Information in This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-2

Chapter Four at-a-Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

Protect Against Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

Assembly Replacement Sequence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

Getting Started with Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4

Check the Basics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4

Troubleshooting Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5

Contents-2 Service Guide N5230-90002

Contents

Power Up Troubleshooting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-6

Power Supply Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-7

Troubleshooting LCD Display Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-12

Front Panel Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-16

A1 Front Panel Keypad and RPG Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-16

A2 Display Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-18

A3 Front Panel Interface Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-19

Rear Panel Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-20

Checking the USB Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-20

Checking the SERIAL (RS-232), PARALLEL (1284-C), or VGA Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-21

Checking the GPIB Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-21

LAN Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-22

Measurement System Troubleshooting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-26

Verifying the A, B, R1, and R2 Traces (Standard S-Parameter Mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-27

Where to Begin Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-28

Checking the Source Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-30

Checking the Signal Separation Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-41

Checking the Receiver Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-45

Instrument Block Diagrams Sheet 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-47

PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzer N5230A, Passive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-47

Instrument Block Diagrams Sheet 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-49

PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzer N5230A, Active . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-49

5 Theory of Operation

Information in This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-2

Chapter Five at-a-Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-2

Network Analyzer System Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-3

Functional Groups of the Network Analyzer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-3

Synthesized Source Group Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-6

Basic Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-6

Frequency Offset Operation (Option 080) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-9

A7 and A9 Fractional-N Synthesizer Boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-9

A6 and A8 Multiplier Boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-9

A17 Multiplier/Amplifier/Switch/Splitter 26.5 (MASS 26.5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-9

A18 Multiplier/Amplifier 26.5 (MA 26.5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-10

A19 Multiplier/Amplifier/Switch/Splitter 50 (MASS 50) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-10

A10 Frequency Reference Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-10

A16 Test Set Motherboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-11

Signal Separation Group Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-15

A17 Multiplier/Amplifier/Switch/Splitter 26.5 (MASS 26.5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-16

A19 Multiplier/Amplifier/Switch/Splitter 50 (MASS 50) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-16

A21 and A22 Test Port Couplers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-16

A25 and A26 60-dB Source Step Attenuators (Option 1E1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-16

Configurable Test Set (Option 014) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-16

Receiver Group Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-19

A20 Mixer Brick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-19

A5 SPAM Board (Analog Description) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-19

Service Guide N5230-90002 Contents-3

Contents

Digital Processing and Digital Control Group Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21

Front Panel Subgroup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-23

Data Acquisition and Processing Subgroup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-24

Power Supply Group Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-26

6 Replaceable Parts

Information in This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-2

Chapter Six at-a-Glance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-2

Ordering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

Assembly Replacement Sequence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4

Rebuilt-Exchange Assemblies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5

Replaceable Parts Listings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6

Front Panel Assembly, All Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8

Top Assemblies, All Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10

Top Cables, All Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12

Bottom Assemblies, Passive Configuration (Option F20) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14

Bottom Cables, Passive Configuration (Option F20) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16

Bottom Assemblies, Active Configuration (Option F20 Combined with Options 014 and 1E1) 6-18 Bottom Cables, Active Configuration (Option F20 Combined with Options 014 and 1E1) . . . 6-20

Bottom Assemblies, Passive Configuration (Options F40 and F50) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-22

Bottom Cables, Passive Configuration (Options F40 and F50) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-24

Bottom Assemblies, Active Configuration (Option F40 or F50 Combined with Options 014

and 1E1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-26

Bottom Cables, Active Configuration (Option F40 or F50 Combined with Options 014 and

1E1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-28

Top Hardware and Miscellaneous Parts, All Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-30

Bottom Hardware and Miscellaneous Parts, All Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-32

Internal Hardware and Miscellaneous Parts, All Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-34

External Hardware and Miscellaneous Parts, All Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-36

Hard Disk Drive Assembly, All Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-38

Rear Panel Assembly, All Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-39

Miscellaneous Part Numbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-40

7 Repair and Replacement Procedures

Information in This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-2

Chapter Seven at-a-Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2

Personal Safety Warnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-3

Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3

Assembly Replacement Sequence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4

Removal and Replacement Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5

Removing the Covers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6

Removing and Replacing the Front Panel Assembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8

Removing and Replacing Front Panel Subassemblies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-10

Removing and Replacing the Display Inverter Board and the Display Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . 7-12

Removing and Replacing the A4 Power Supply Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-14

Removing and Replacing the A5 through A10 Boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-16

Contents-4 Service Guide N5230-90002

Contents

Removing and Replacing the A14 System Motherboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-18

Removing and Replacing the A15 CPU Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-20

Removing and Replacing the A16 Test Set Motherboard and the USB Hub . . . . . . . . . . . .7-22

Removing and Replacing the A17 MASS 26.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-24

Removing and Replacing the A18 MA 26.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-26

Removing and Replacing the A19 MASS 50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-28

Removing and Replacing the A20 Mixer Brick. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-30

Removing and Replacing the A21 and A22 Test Port Couplers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-32

Removing and Replacing the A25 and A26 60-dB Source Step Attenuators (Option 1E1) .7-34

Removing and Replacing the A40 Floppy Disk Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-36

Removing and Replacing the A41 Hard Disk Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-38

Removing and Replacing the Midweb and the B1 Fan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-44

Post-Repair Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-47

A Error Terms

Information in This Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2

Appendix A at-a-Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2

Using Error Terms as a Diagnostic Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3

Preventive Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3

Troubleshooting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3

Performing Measurement Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-4

Using Flowgraphs to Identify Error Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-4

Accessing Error Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6

Manual Access to Error Terms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6

Programmatic Access to Error Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7

Error Term Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-8

If Error Terms Seem Worse than Expected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-8

Directivity (EDF and EDR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-9

Source Match (ESF and ESR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-10

Load Match (ELF and ELR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-11

Isolation (Crosstalk) (EXF and EXR). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-12

B Option Enable Utility

Information in This Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2

Appendix B at-a-Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2

Accessing the Option Enable Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-3

Enabling or Removing Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-4

Repairing and Recovering Option Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-5

Recovery of Data After Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-5

Recovery of Data if Option or Model Numbers are Incorrect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-5

Installing or Changing a Serial Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-6

C Firmware Upgrades

Information in This Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-2

Appendix C at-a-Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-2

How to Check the Current Firmware Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-2

Downloading from the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-2

Service Guide N5230-90002 Contents-5

Contents

D Operating System Recovery

Information in This Appendix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-2

Appendix D at-a-Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-2

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-3

System Recovery Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-4

If the Operating System Does Not Boot From the Hard Disk Drive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-5

If the Operating System Does Not Boot From the Floppy Disk Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-6

Contents-6 Service Guide N5230-90002

1 Safety and Regulatory Information

Service Guide N5230-90002 1-1

Safety and Regulatory Information PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

Information in This Chapter N5230A

Information in This Chapter

This chapter provides safety information that will help protect you and your network analyzer. It also contains information that is required by various government regulatory agencies.

Chapter One at-a-Glance

Section Title Summary of Content Start Page

Safety Symbols

General Safety Considerations

Electrostatic Discharge Protection

Regulatory Information

Descriptions of CAUTION and WARNING symbols used throughout this manual.

A list of safety points to consider when servicing your network analyzer.

A discussion of electrostatic discharge (ESD) and related recommendations and requirements for ESD protection.

Definitions of instrument markings.

Instructions for disposing of the analyzer’s lithium battery.

Information on compliance with Canadian EMC requirements.

Information on compliance with German FTZ emissions requirements.

Information on compliance with German noise requirements.

Page 1-3

Page 1-5

Page 1-6

1-2 Service Guide N5230-90002

PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers Safety and Regulatory Information

N5230A Safety Symbols

Safety Symbols

The following safety symbols are used throughout this manual. Familiarize yourself with each of the symbols and its meaning before operating this instrument.

CAUTION

WARNING

Caution denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to or destruction of the instrument. Do not proceed beyond a caution note until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

General Safety Considerations

Safety Earth Ground

WARNING

This is a Safety Class I product (provided with a protective earthing ground incorporated in the power cord). The mains plug shall only be inserted in a socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact. Any interruption of the protective conductor, inside or outside of the instrument, will make the instrument dangerous. Intentional interruption is prohibited.

Before Applying Power

CAUTION

Service Guide N5230-90002 1-3

This product is designed for use in Installation Category II and Pollution Degree 2 per IEC 1010 and 664 respectively.

Make sure that the analyzer line voltage selector switch is set to the voltage of the power supply and the correct fuse is installed.

Always use the three-prong AC power cord supplied with this product. Failure to ensure adequate grounding by not using this cord may cause product damage.

If this product is to be energized via an autotransformer make sure the common terminal is connected to the neutral (grounded side of the mains

supply).

Safety and Regulatory Information PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

General Safety Considerations N5230A

Servicing

WARNING

These servicing instructions are for use by qualified personnel only. To avoid electrical shock, do not perform any servicing unless you are qualified to do so.

The opening of covers or removal of parts may expose dangerous voltages. Disconnect the instrument from all voltage sources while it is opened.

Danger of explosion if battery is incorrectly replaced. Replace only with the same or equivalent type recommended. Discard used batteries according to manufacturer’s instructions.

Procedures described in this document may be performed with power supplied to the product while protective covers are removed. Energy available at many points may, if contacted, result in personal injury.

The power cord is connected to internal capacitors that may remain live for 10 seconds after disconnecting the plug from its power supply.

For continued protection against fire hazard, replace line fuse only with same type and rating. The use of other fuses or material is prohibited.

WARNING

The detachable power cord is the instrument disconnecting device. It disconnects the mains circuits from the mains supply before other parts of the instrument. The front panel switch is only a standby switch and is not a LINE switch (disconnecting device).

1-4 Service Guide N5230-90002

PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers Safety and Regulatory Information

N5230A Electrostatic Discharge Protection

Electrostatic Discharge Protection

Protection against electrostatic discharge (ESD) is essential while removing assemblies from or connecting cables to the network analyzer. Static electricity can build up on your body and can easily damage sensitive internal circuit elements when discharged. Static discharges too small to be felt can cause permanent damage. To prevent damage to the instrument:

• always have a grounded, conductive table mat in front of your test equipment.

• always wear a grounded wrist strap, connected to a grounded conductive table mat,

having a 1 MΩ resistor in series with it, when handling components and assemblies or when making connections.

• always wear a heel strap when working in an area with a conductive floor. If you are uncertain about the conductivity of your floor, wear a heel strap.

• always ground yourself before you clean, inspect, or make a connection to a static-sensitive device or test port. You can, for example, grasp the grounded outer shell of the test port or cable connector briefly.

• always ground the center conductor of a test cable before making a connection to the analyzer test port or other static-sensitive device. This can be done as follows:

1. Connect a short (from your calibration kit) to one end of the cable to short the center

conductor to the outer conductor.

2. While wearing a grounded wrist strap, grasp the outer shell of the cable connector.

3. Connect the other end of the cable to the test port and remove the short from the

cable.

Figure 1-1 shows a typical ESD protection setup using a grounded mat and wrist strap.

Refer to “ESD Supplies” on page 6-41 for part numbers.

Figure 1-1 ESD Protection Setup

Service Guide N5230-90002 1-5

Safety and Regulatory Information PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

Regulatory Information N5230A

Regulatory Information

This section contains information that is required by various government regulatory agencies.

Instrument Markings

The instruction documentation symbol. The product is marked with this symbol when it is necessary for the user to refer to the instructions in the documentation.

The CE mark is a registered trademark of the European Community. (If accompanied by a year, it is when the design was proven.)

The CSA mark is a registered trademark of the Canadian Standards Association.

ICES/NMB-001

This is a marking to indicate product compliance with the Canadian Interference-Causing Equipment Standard (ICES-001)

This is a symbol of an Industrial Scientific and Medical Group 1 Class A product.

This is a required mark signifying compliance with an EMC requirement. The C-Tick mark is a registered trademark of the Australian Spectrum Management Agency.

Lithium Battery Disposal

If the battery on the A15 CPU board assembly needs to be disposed of, dispose of it in accordance with your country’s requirements. If required, you may return the battery to Agilent Technologies for disposal. Refer to “Contacting Agilent” on page 2-10 for assistance.

1-6 Service Guide N5230-90002

PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers Safety and Regulatory Information

N5230A Regulatory Information

Compliance with Canadian EMC Requirements

This ISM device complies with Canadian ICES-001. Cet appareil ISM est conforme a la norme NMB du Canada.

Compliance with German FTZ Emissions Requirements

This network analyzer complies with German FTZ 526/527 Radiated Emissions and Conducted Emission requirements.

Compliance with German Noise Requirements

This is to declare that this instrument is in conformance with the German Regulation on Noise Declaration for Machines (Laermangabe nach der Maschinenlaermrerordnung-3. GSGV Deutschland).

Acoustic Noise Emission/Geraeuschemission

LpA<70 dB Lpa<70 dB

Operator Position am Arbeitsplatz

Normal Operation normaler Betrieb

per ISO 7779 nach DIN 45635 t. 19

Service Guide N5230-90002 1-7

Safety and Regulatory Information PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

Regulatory Information N5230A

1-8 Service Guide N5230-90002

2 General Product Information

Service Guide N5230-90002 2- 1

General Product Information PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

Information in This Chapter N5230A

Information in This Chapter

Chapter Two at-a-Glance

Section Title Summary of Content Start Page

Cleaning instructions for the external surfaces of

Maintenance

your analyzer.

Page 2-3

Information about electrical maintenance of your analyzer.

Analyzer Options Available

Analyzer Upgrades Available

Analyzer Accessories Available

Required Service Test Equipment

Agilent Support, Services, and Assistance

A list of the options available for the microwave network analyzers.

A list of the upgrades available for the microwave network analyzers.

A list of accessories available for the microwave network analyzers.

A list of service equipment that is required to perform system verification, performance tests, adjustments, and troubleshooting.

The Internet address (URL) for on-line assistance.

Telephone and fax numbers for contacting Agilent for assistance.

Service and support options available.

Calibration options available.

Important information about shipping your analyzer to Agilent for service or repair.

Page 2-3

Page 2-5

Page 2-6

Page 2-9

2-2 Service Guide N5230-90002

PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers General Product Information

N5230A Maintenance

Maintenance

WARNING

To prevent electrical shock, disconnect the analyzer from the mains source before cleaning. Use a dry cloth or one slightly dampened with water to clean the external case parts. Do not attempt to clean internally.

Physical Maintenance

Clean the cabinet, including the front panel, using a dry or slightly damp cloth only.

Electrical Maintenance

Refer to “Contacting Agilent” on page 2-10 and to Chapter 3, “Tests and Adjustments.”

Analyzer Options Available

Options as Upgrades

The options described in this section can be ordered as upgrades. Refer to “Analyzer

Upgrades Available” on page 2-5.

Individual upgrade kits are also available and can be ordered by part number. Refer to

“Upgrade Kits” on page 6-41 for a complete list of available kits.

Option 010, Time Domain

An Option 010 analyzer can display the time domain response of a network or test device by calculating the inverse Fourier transform of the frequency domain response. This calculation allows the Option 010 analyzer to show the response of a test device as a function of time or distance. In time domain, the magnitude and location of a discontinuity and the characteristics of individual transmission paths of a network or test device can be determined. Time domain operation retains all the accuracy of active error correction.

Option 014, Configurable Test Set

This option is included in the active measurement configuration.

An Option 014 analyzer can be configured to measure high-power devices and devices for high dynamic range.

For a high-power measurement, external amplifiers and high power attenuators or isolators can be added to complete the test setup. Test port output power up to 1 Watt (+30 dBm) can be applied to the device under test (DUT).

Additionally, there is an external reference input that allows the external amplifier’s frequency response and drift to be ratioed out.

Service Guide N5230-90002 2- 3

General Product Information PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

Analyzer Options Available N5230A

For high dynamic range measurements, front panel jumpers are moved to reverse the signal path through one of the couplers, allowing for a 15 dB improvement in transmitted signal sensitivity in one direction only. Jumpers are installed on both ports allowing the user to choose a measurement in either the forward or reverse direction.

Option 080, Frequency Offset Mode

This upgrade enables the additional firmware necessary to make frequency offset measurements.

Option 1E1, Source Attenuators

This option is included in the active measurement configuration.

This option adds a 60-dB step attenuator in the signal path of each of the measurement ports. These step attenuators are used to adjust the power level (in 10 db steps) to the device under test (DUT) without changing the power in the reference path.

Option F20, 20 GHz Frequency Range

This is a 2-port network analyzer with an upper frequency limit of 20 GHz.

Option F40, 40 GHz Frequency Range

This is a 2-port network analyzer with an upper frequency limit of 40 GHz.

Option F50, 50 GHz Frequency Range

This is a 2-port network analyzer with an upper frequency limit of 50 GHz.

Option 1CP, Rack Mount Flange Kit for Instruments with Handles

Option 1CP provides a rack mount kit that contains a pair of flanges (cut to adapt to handles), rack mount rails, and the necessary hardware to mount the analyzer in an equipment rack with 482.6 mm (19 inches) horizontal spacing.

Additional kits may be ordered from Agilent. Refer to “Rack Mount Kits and Handle Kits”

on page 6-41 for the part numbers.

Option 1CM, Rack Mount Flange Kit for Instruments without Handles

Option 1CM provides a rack mount kit that contains a pair of flanges, rack mount rails, and the necessary hardware to mount the analyzer in an equipment rack with 482.6 mm (19 inches) horizontal spacing.

Additional kits may be ordered from Agilent. Refer to “Rack Mount Kits and Handle Kits”

on page 6-41 for the part numbers.

2-4 Service Guide N5230-90002

PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers General Product Information

N5230A Analyzer Upgrades Available

Analyzer Upgrades Available

The options described in this section can be ordered as upgrades. To order an upgrade for your microwave PNA, order the analyzer’s model number, followed by a “U”, then indicate the option to be added:

• Your analyzer’s current model number followed by a “U”. For example, N5230AU.

• The desired option from the available list. For example, Time Domain.

Individual upgrade kits are also available and can be ordered by part number. Refer to

“Upgrade Kits” on page 6-41 for a complete list of available kits.

The following table lists the Upgrades that are available for the N5230A analyzer. Refer to the previous section, “Analyzer Options Available” on page 2-3, for a complete description of each option upgrade.

Table 2-1 Analyzer Upgrades Available

Upgrade Order Number

Time Domain (Option 010) N5230AU-010

Frequency Offset Mode (Option 080) N5230AU-080

20 GHz Passive Measurement to 20 GHz Active Measurement N5230AU-921

40 GHz Passive Measurement to 40 GHz Active Measurement N5230AU-941

50 GHz Passive Measurement to 50 GHz Active Measurement N5230AU-941

Frequency Extension, 20 to 40 GHz Passive N5230AU-971

Frequency Extension, 20 to 40 GHz Active N5230AU-973

Frequency Extension, 40 to 50 GHz Passive N5230AU-990

Frequency Extension, 40 to 50 GHz Active N5230AU-990

Analyzer Accessories Available

CD-RW Drive

This accessory is an external read/write CD drive with a USB cable and can be ordered as model number N4688A.

USB Hub

This accessory is a 4-port USB hub for connecting additional USB peripheral devices and can be ordered as model number N4689A.

Service Guide N5230-90002 2- 5

General Product Information PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

Required Service Test Equipment N5230A

Required Service Test Equipment

Equipment Critical Specifications

Test Instruments and Software

Frequency counter

Freq: 10 MHz to 10.5 GHz Accuracy : ±0.5 ppm

Min Freq: 1 MHz Max

Spectrum analyzer

Freq: > 4 GHz Resolution BW: 300 Hz

Power meter Accuracy: ±0.0068 dB

Power sensor

Dynamic accuracy test set

Freq: 10 MHz to 3.0 GHz Range: –30 to +20 dBm

Freq: 3.0 GHz to 50 GHz Range: –30 to +20 dBm

None specified

Voltage and resistance

Digital multi-meter

measurement capability Voltage resolution: 10 mV

Recommended Model or Part Number

53151A Opt 001

8565E

E4418B/19B

Opt G12 or H12

8482A

8487A

Z5623A Opt H01

Alternate Model or Part Number

None P, A, T

856xE A, T

E4418A/19A

None

None P

Use

P, A , T

Any Any T

Printer N/A

Test software

N/A N2721A None P

Any printer with Microsoft® Windows® 2000 driver

a. P = Performance tests, A = Adjustments, T = Troubleshooting, V = System verification b. The accuracy of a standard E4418B or E4419B of ±0.02 dB is adequate for all tests except “Dynamic Accuracy

Test .” This test requires a power meter with Option G12 or H12 that has been certified to a higher accuracy

specification. If an Option G12 or H12 power meter is not available, a test is provided on page 3-34 to verify the accuracy of a standard power meter.

c. If an accurate measurement of the dynamic accuracy specification is not required, the E4418A or E4419A can

be used.

d. The recommended model or part number for all equipment listed with a “P” in the Use column is required for

proper operation of this test software.

Microsoft® and Windows® are U.S. registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

2-6 Service Guide N5230-90002

PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers General Product Information

N5230A Required Service Test Equipment

Equipment

Critical Specifications

Model or Part Number

Recommended

Alternate Model or Part Number

Useb

Calibration and Verification Kits

Type-N calibration kit

(F20)

Type-N verification kit

(F20)

3.5 mm calibration kit

(F20, F40, F50)

3.5 mm verification kit

(F20, F40, F50)

2.4 mm calibration kit

(F40, F50)

2.4 mm verification kit

(F40, F50)

Freq: 10 MHz to 20 GHz 85054B 85054D P,T

Freq: 10 MHz to 20 GHz 85055A None V

Freq: 10 MHz to 20, 40, or 50 GHz

Freq: 10 MHz to 40 or 50 GHz 85056A 85056D P,T

Freq: 10 MHz to 40 or 50 GHz 85057B None V

85052B 85052D P,T

85053B None V

Cables

BNC cable (2 required) 50Ω, length ≥ 60 cm 8120-1839 None A

3.5 mm RF cable (Qty 2)

(F20)

2.4 mm RF cable (Qty 2)

(F40, F50)

GPIB cable N/A 10833A/B/C/D None P,A

50Ω, length ≥ 60 cm 85131C 85131E P,A,V

50Ω, length ≥ 60 cm 85133C 85133E P,A,V

Adapters

3.5 mm (f) to 3.5 mm (f)

(F20)

3.5 mm (f) to type-N (m)

(F20)

2.4 mm (f) to 2.4 mm (f)

(F40, F50)

2.4 mm (f) to type-N (m)

(F40, F50)

Return Loss: ≥ 32 dB 83059B

Return Loss: ≥ 28 dB 1250-1743 None P,A,T

Return Loss: ≥ 26 dB 11900B

Return Loss: ≥ 28 dB 11903D None P,A,T

85052-60012

85056-60007

P, A ,T

Attenuators

3.5 mm (m,f), 10-dB fixed attenuator

(F20)

3.5 mm (m,f), 20-dB fixed attenuator

(F20)

2.4 mm (m,f), 10-dB fixed attenuator

(F40, F50)

2.4 mm (m,f), 20-dB fixed attenuator

(F40, F50)

Accuracy: ± 0.5 dB Freq: 10 MHz to 20 GHz

Accuracy: ± 0.5 dB Freq: 10 MHz to 40 or 50 GHz

8493C Option 010

8493C Option 020

8490D Option 010

8490D Option 020

None P

a. Unless specified otherwise, equipment listed is required for all analyzer models. b. P = Performance tests, A = Adjustments, T = Troubleshooting, R = Repair, V = System verification c. Included in the 85052B/D calibration kits. d. Included in the 85056A/D calibration kits.

Service Guide N5230-90002 2- 7

General Product Information PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

Required Service Test Equipment N5230A

Equipment

Recommended Model or Part

Critical Specifications

Number

Alternate Model Number

Useb

Tools

Extender board N/A E8356-60021 None T

T-8 TORX driver 0.6 N-m (5 in-lb) setting N/A N/A R

T-10 TORX driver

0.5, 0.8, and 1.0 N-m (4, 7, and 9 in-lb) settings

N/A N/A T, R

T-20 TORX driver 2.4 N-m (21 in-lb) setting N/A N/A T, R

1/4 inch and 5/16 inch open-end wrench

5/16 inch, open-end torque wrench (metric equivalent is 8 mm)

1 inch, open-end torque wrench (metric equivalent is 26 mm)

Thin profile 8710-0510 N/A A, R

1.1 and 2.4 N-m (10 and 21 in-lb) settings (for semi-rigid

N/A

N/A T, R

cables)

8.1 N-m (72 in-lb) setting (for Port 1 and Port 2 connector

N/A N/A R

nuts)

0.9 N-m (8 in-lb) setting (for

20 mm, open-end torque wrench

Port 1 and Port 2

8710-1764

N/A P, A, T

measurement connections)

Static Safety Parts

Adjustable antistatic wrist strap N/A 9300-1367 None P, A, T

Antistatic wrist strap grounding cord (5 foot)

Static control table mat and earth ground wire

N/A 9300-0980 None P, A, T

N/A 9300-0797 None P, A, T

Floppy disks 3.5 inch Any None A

Miscellaneous

Floppy disks 3.5 inch Any None A

USB flash ROM drive N/A Any None P, A

a. Unless specified otherwise, equipment listed is required for all analyzer models. b. P = Performance tests, A = Adjustments, T = Troubleshooting, R = Repair, V = System verification

2-8 Service Guide N5230-90002

PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers General Product Information

N5230A Agilent Support, Services, and Assistance

Agilent Support, Services, and Assistance

Information on the following topics is included in this section.

• “Service and Support Options”

• “Calibration Options”

• “Contacting Agilent”

• “Shipping Your Analyzer to Agilent for Service or Repair”

Service and Support Options

The analyzer’s standard warranty is a one-year return to Agilent Technologies service warranty.

NOTE

There are many other repair and calibration options available from the Agilent Technologies support organization. These options cover a range of service agreements with varying response times. Contact Agilent for additional information on available service agreements for this product. Refer to “Contacting Agilent” on page 2-10.

Calibration Options

Option R-50C-001, Commercial Calibration with Data

This option adds a calibration label, a calibration certificate, and the corresponding calibration data on a 3.5-in floppy disk. This calibration conforms to ISO 9001.

This certificate and data can be obtained by sending your analyzer to Agilent for calibration along with an order for R-50C-001. Refer to “Shipping Your Analyzer to Agilent

for Service or Repair”.

Option R-50C-002, Standards Compliant Calibration

This option adds calibration label, a calibration certificate, and the corresponding calibration data, measurement uncertainties, and guardbands on all customer specifications on a CD-ROM. This calibration conforms to ISO 17025 and ISO 9001.

This certificate and data can be obtained by sending your analyzer to Agilent for calibration along with an order for R-50C-002. Refer to “Shipping Your Analyzer to Agilent

for Service or Repair”.

Service Guide N5230-90002 2- 9

General Product Information PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

Agilent Support, Services, and Assistance N5230A

Contacting Agilent

By internet, phone, or fax, get assistance with all your test and measurement needs.

Online assistance: www.agilent.com/find/assist

Americas

Brazil

(tel) (+55) 11 4197 3600 (fax) (+55) 11 4197 3800

Australia

(tel) 1800 629 485 (alt) 1800 143 243 (fax) 1800 142 134

Japan

(tel) 0120 421 345 (alt) (+81) 426 56 7832 (fax) 0120 421 678

Ta iw an

(tel) 0800 047 866 (alt) 00801 651 317 (fax) 0800 286 331

Austria

(tel) 0820 87 44 11* (fax) 0820 87 44 22

France

(tel) 0825 010 700* (alt) (+33) (0)1 6453 5623 (fax) 0825 010 701*

Canada

(tel) 877 894 4414 (fax) (+1) 905 282-6495

Asia Pacific and Japan

China

(tel) 800 810 0189 (alt) (+86) 10800 650 0021 (fax) 800 820 2816

Malaysia

(tel) 1800 888 848 (alt) 1800 828 848 (fax) 1800 801 664

Thailand

(tel) 1800 226 008 (alt) (+66) 2 268 1345 (fax) (+66) 2 661 3714

Belgium

(tel) (+32) (0)2 404 9340 (alt) (+32) (0)2 404 9000 (fax) (+32) (0)2 404 9395

Germany

(tel) 01805 24 6333* (alt) 01805 24 6330* (fax) 01805 24 6336*

Mexico

(tel) (+52) 55 5081 9469 (alt) 01800 5064 800 (fax) (+52) 55 5081 9467

Hong Kong (tel) 800 930 871 (alt) (+852) 3197 7889 (fax) (+852) 2 506 9233

Singapore

(tel) 1800 375 8100 (alt) (+65) 6 375 8100 (fax) (+65) 6836 0252

Europe

Denmark

(tel) (+45) 7013 1515 (alt) (+45) 7013 7313 (fax) (+45) 7013 1555

Ireland

(tel) (+353) (0)1 890 924 204 (alt) (+353) (0)1 890 924 206 (fax)(+353) (0)1 890 924 024

United States

(tel) 800 829 4444 (alt) (+1) 303 662 3998 (fax) 800 829 4433

India

(tel) 1600 112 929 (fax) 000800 650 1101

South Korea

(tel) 080 769 0800 (alt) (+82) 2 2004 5004 (fax) (+82) 2 2004 5115

Finland

(tel) (+358) 10 855 2100 (fax) (+358) 10 855 2923

Israel

(tel) (+972) 3 9288 500 (fax) (+972) 3 9288 501

Italy

(tel) (+39) (0)2 9260 8484 (fax) (+39) (0)2 9544 1175

Spain

(tel) (+34) 91 631 3300 (alt) (+34) 91 631 3000 (fax) (+34) 91 631 3301

Switzerland (Italian)

(tel) 0800 80 5353 opt. 3* (alt) (+39) (0)2 9260 8484 (fax) (+41) (0)22 567 5314

(tel) = primary telephone number; (alt) = alternate telephone number; (fax) = FAX number; * = in country number

Luxemburg

(tel) (+32) (0)2 404 9340 (alt) (+32) (0)2 404 9000 (fax) (+32) (0)2 404 9395

Sweden

(tel) 0200 88 22 55* (alt) (+46) (0)8 5064 8686 (fax) 020 120 2266*

United Kingdom

(tel) (+44) (0)7004 666666 (alt) (+44) (0)7004 123123 (fax) (+44) (0)7004 444555

Netherlands

(tel) (+31) (0)20 547 2111 (alt) (+31) (0)20 547 2000 (fax) (+31) (0)20 547 2190

Switzerland (French)

(tel) 0800 80 5353 opt. 2* (alt) (+33) (0)1 6453 5623 (fax) (+41) (0)22 567 5313

Russia

(tel) (+7) 095 797 3963 (alt) (+7) 095 797 3900 (fax) (+7) 095 797 3901

Switzerland (German)

(tel) 0800 80 5353 opt. 1* (alt) (+49) (0)7031 464 6333 (fax) (+41) (0)1 272 7373

2-10 Service Guide N5230-90002

PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers General Product Information

N5230A Agilent Support, Services, and Assistance

Shipping Your Analyzer to Agilent for Service or Repair

IMPORTANT

Agilent Technologies reserves the right to reformat or replace the internal hard disk drive in your analyzer as part of its repair. This will erase all user information stored on the hard disk. It is imperative, therefore, that you make a backup copy of your critical test data located on the analyzer’s hard disk before shipping it to Agilent for repair.

If you wish to send your network analyzer to Agilent Technologies for service or repair:

• Include a complete description of the service requested or of the failure and a description of any failed test and any error message.

• Ship the analyzer using the original or comparable antistatic packaging materials.

• Contact Agilent for instructions on where to ship your analyzer. Refer to “Contacting

Agilent” on page 2-10.

Service Guide N5230-90002 2- 11

General Product Information PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

Agilent Support, Services, and Assistance N5230A

2-12 Service Guide N5230-90002

3 Tests and Adjustments

Service Guide N5230-90002 3- 1

Tests and Adjustments PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

Information in This Chapter N5230A

Information in This Chapter

This chapter contains procedures to help you check, verify, and adjust your PNA series network analyzer.

• The checks verify the operation of the assemblies in your analyzer.

• The verification compares the operation of your analyzer to a gold standard.

• The adjustments allow you to tune your analyzer for maximum response.

NOTE

A description of the performance tests in the Agilent N2721A software package is included in this chapter. The Agilent N2721A software package must be purchased separately.

Chapter Three at-a-Glance

Section Title Summary of Content Start Page

Items to consider or procedures to perform before testing is begun:

• Verify the Operating Environment

Before You Begin

About System Verification and Performance Tests

• Protect Against Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)

• Allow the Analyzer to Warm Up

• Review the Principles of Connector Care

Descriptions of:

• System Specifications

• Instrument Specifications

• System Verification Procedure

• Performance Tests

Page 3-4

Page 3-6

• Certificate of Calibration

ANSI/NCSL Z540–1–1994 Verification

Non-ANSI/NCSL Z540–1–1994 Verification

3-2 Service Guide N5230-90002

The ANSI/NCSL Z540-1-1994 process of verifying your analyzer.

The non-ANSI/NCSL Z540-1-1994 process of verifying your analyzer.

Page 3-8

Page 3-9

PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers Tests and Adjustments

N5230A Information in This Chapter

Section Title Summary of Content Start Page

Performing the operator’s check.

Preliminary Checks

System Verification

Performance Tests (Agilent N2721A

Software Package)

Checking your test cables.

Page 3-10

Perform these checks before performing system verification.

What the system verification does.

How to perform the verification test.

Page 3-19

How to interpret the results.

A brief summary of each performance test in the Agilent N2721A software package:

• Source Maximum Power Output Test

• Source Power Linearity Test

• Frequency Accuracy Test

• Trace Noise Test

Page 3-28

• System Compression Test

• Noise Floor Test

• Calibration Coefficients Test

• Dynamic Accuracy Test

Setups and procedures for adjusting your analyzer:

• 10 MHz Frequency Reference Adjustment

Adjustments

• LO Power Adjustment

• Source Calibration Adjustment

• Receiver Calibration Adjustment

a. The Agilent N2721A software package must be purchased separately.

Page 3-39

Service Guide N5230-90002 3- 3

Tests and Adjustments PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

Before You Begin N5230A

Before You Begin

Before checking, verifying, or adjusting the analyzer, refer to the following paragraphs to:

• make sure the operating environment is within its requirements

• make sure that proper electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection is provided

• make sure the analyzer has warmed up properly to achieve system stability

• review the principles of connector care

Verify the Operating Environment

Due to their operating specifications, the verification and calibration kit devices determine your operating environment conditions. Open the calibration and verification kits and place all the devices on top of the foam inserts so they will reach room temperature. As the device dimensions change with temperature, their electrical characteristics change as well. It is necessary to keep the environmental levels within the following limits:

• Temperature: +23 °C ± 3 °C (Error-corrected temperature range)

Once the measurement calibration has been done, the ambient temperature must be maintained to within ± 1 °C of the calibration temperature.

• Humidity: 5% to 95% at 40 °C maximum

• Altitude: 0 to 4,500 meters (14,760 feet.)

Protect Against Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)

This is important. If not properly protected against, electrostatic discharge can seriously damage your analyzer, resulting in costly repair.

CAUTION

To reduce the chance of electrostatic discharge, follow all of the recommendations outlined in “Electrostatic Discharge Protection” on

page 1-5, for all of the procedures in this chapter.

Allow the Analyzer to Warm Up

NOTE

To achieve the maximum system stability, allow the analyzer to warm up for at least 90 minutes.

3-4 Service Guide N5230-90002

PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers Tests and Adjustments

N5230A Before You Begin

Review the Principles of Connector Care

Proper connector care and connection techniques are critical for accurate and repeatable measurements. Refer to Table 3-1 for tips on connector care.

Prior to making connections to your analyzer, carefully review the information about inspecting, cleaning, and gaging connectors. Refer to the calibration kit documentation for detailed connector care information.

For course numbers about additional connector care instruction, contact Agilent Technologies. Refer to “Contacting Agilent” on page 2-10.

Table 3-1 Connector Care Quick Reference Guide

Handling and Storage

Do • Keep connectors clean Do Not • Touch mating-plane surfaces

• Extend sleeve or connector nut • Set connectors contact-end down

• Use plastic end-caps during storage • Store connectors or adapters loose

Visual Inspection

Do • Inspect all connectors carefully Do Not • Use a damaged connector - ever

• Look for metal particles, scratches, and dents

Connector Cleaning

Do • Try compressed air first Do Not • Use any abrasives

• Use isopropyl alcohol • Get liquid into plastic support

• Clean connector threads

Gaging Connectors

Do • Clean and zero the gage before use Do Not • Use an out-of-specification

• Use the correct gage type

• Use correct end of calibration block

• Gage all connectors before first use

Making Connections

Do • Align connectors carefully Do Not • Apply bending force to connection

• Make preliminary connection contact lightly

• Turn only the connector nut • Twist or screw any connection

• Use a torque wrench for final connection

beads

connector

• Over tighten preliminary connection

• Tighten past torque wrench “break” point

Service Guide N5230-90002 3- 5

Tests and Adjustments PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

About System Verification and Performance Tests N5230A

About System Verification and Performance Tests

The performance of the network analyzer is specified in two ways: system specifications, and instrument specifications. Respectively, the analyzer’s conformance to these specifications is verified in two ways: system verification, and performance tests.

System Specifications

System specifications specify warranted performance of the measurement system when making error-corrected measurements. The measurement system includes the analyzer, test cables, and calibration kit.

The analyzer's system specifications are described in the Agilent PNA Series Network Analyzer Data Sheet and also in the analyzer’s on-line help system.

System specifications are included in section titled “Corrected System Performance.”

System specifications are expressed in two ways:

• residual errors of the measurement system

• graphs of measurement uncertainty versus reflection and transmission coefficients

System specifications are applicable when the measurement system is used to make error-corrected measurements.

System specifications are verified in one of the following ways:

• Complete the system verification procedure using a certified verification kit, or

• Complete all of the performance tests and certify (or recertify) the calibration kit that will be used for future measurements. This alternative verifies both the system

specifications and the instrument specifications for the analyzer.

Instrument Specifications

Instrument specifications specify the network analyzer's uncorrected measurement port characteristics and its output and input behavior.

The analyzer's instrument specifications are described in the Agilent PNA Series Network Analyzer Data Sheet and also in the analyzer’s on-line help system. The sections that describe instrument specifications are titled:

• “Uncorrected System Performance”

•“Test Port Output”

•“Test Port Input”

These specifications apply when the analyzer is used to make measurements other than error-corrected measurements. An example would be the measurement of amplifier gain compression.

Performance tests are used to confirm that the analyzer meets the instrument specifications.

3-6 Service Guide N5230-90002

PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers Tests and Adjustments

N5230A About System Verification and Performance Tests

System Verification Procedure

The system verification procedure tests the network analyzer measurement system, as defined previously, against the system specifications. If confirmation is successful, the measurement system is capable of making measurements to the accuracy specified by the graphs of measurement uncertainty.

An illustrated outline of the system verification procedure:

• for ANSI/NCSL Z540-1-1994 verification, is shown in Figure 3-1 on page 3-8.

• for non-ANSI/NCSL Z540-1-1994 verification, is shown in Figure 3-2 on page 3-9.

NOTE

Calibration kits are different from verification kits. Calibration kits are used to determine the systematic errors of a network analyzer measurement system. Verification kits are used to confirm system specifications and are not

used to generate error correction.

Performance Tests

Performance tests are used to confirm analyzer performance against the instrument specifications. If confirmation is successful, the analyzer meets the instrument specifications.

If the calibration kit to be used for measurements is also certified, successful completion of the performance tests also ensures that the network analyzer measurement system meets the system specifications.

Certificate of Calibration

Agilent Technologies will issue a certificate of calibration for the product upon successful completion of system verification or completion of the performance tests. The certificate of calibration will include a “System Attachment” if the system verification procedure is used to confirm the system specifications. If the performance tests are used to confirm instrument specifications, the certificate of calibration will not include a system attachment. The equipment and measurement standards used for the tests must be certified and must be traceable to recognized standards.

NOTE

Service Guide N5230-90002 3- 7

If you have a measurement application that does not use all of the measurement capabilities of the analyzer, you may ask your local Agilent Technologies service office to verify only a subset of the specifications. However, this creates the possibility of making inaccurate measurements if

you then use the analyzer in an application requiring additional capabilities.

Tests and Adjustments PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

ANSI/NCSL Z540– 1– 1994 Verification N5230A

ANSI/NCSL Z540–1–1994 Verification

To meet the criteria for ANSI/NCSL Z540-1-1994, perform the preliminary checks and either system verification or performance tests without stopping to repair or adjust

to Figure 3-1 for test flow. Print data at the completion of all the tests, even if you are aware that the analyzer did not pass. If there is a failure, complete the verification before you troubleshoot, repair, and adjust. After the failure has been corrected, repeat the entire system verification or performance tests and generate a new set of data.

Figure 3-1 ANSI/NCSL Z540–1–1994 Test Path Verification Flowchart

. Refer

1. Stop only in case of a catastrophic failure or cable connector damage

3-8 Service Guide N5230-90002

PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers Tests and Adjustments

N5230A Non-ANSI/NCSL Z540– 1– 1994 Verification

Non-ANSI/NCSL Z540–1–1994 Verification

For non-ANSI/NCSL Z540-1-1994, perform the preliminary checks and either the system verification or performance tests while stopping to troubleshoot. Refer to Figure 3-2 for test flow. Troubleshoot and repair the first problem encountered without continuing to other tests. After you troubleshoot, repair, and adjust, repeat the last failed portion and generate a new set of data. Print out the system verification results or complete the performance test record as the analyzer passes each test.

Figure 3-2 Non–ANSI/NCSL Z540–1–1994 Test Path Verification Flowchart

Service Guide N5230-90002 3- 9

Tests and Adjustments PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

Preliminary Checks N5230A

Preliminary Checks

Preliminary checks include the following:

• “The Operator’s Check” on page 3-10

The operator’s check tests the network analyzer’s basic functionality of the source, switch, and receivers.

• “The Test Port Cable Checks” on page 3-12

The test port cable checks are not required, but are recommended to verify the performance of the test port cables before performing the verification test.

The Operator’s Check

NOTE

The operator’s check is a software driven test that checks the basic operation of the assemblies in the Port 1 and Port 2 paths. By performing the operator’s check, the following is determined:

• operation of the port transfer switch (switch repeatability check)

• phase-lock capability across the entire frequency band (switch repeatability check)

• function of the five receivers (switch repeatability check)

Switch Repeatability Check

The check performs a reflection measurement of a short and stores the resulting trace in memory. The transfer switch is toggled to the opposite port and back, and then another reflection measurement is made. The difference between the stored trace and the return trace is the switch repeatability. This test also checks the phase lock across the entire frequency band and operation of all four receivers.

Accessories Used in the Operator’s Check

Equipment Type Part Number

To achieve the maximum system stability, allow the analyzer to warm up for at least 90 minutes before performing the Operator’s Check.

Female short, 1.85 mm (any short from the 85058B calibration kit)

Performing the Operator’s Check

1. From the System menu, point to Service, and then click Operator’s Check.

2. In the Operator’s Check dialog box (refer to Figure 3-3), click Configure, and then select either Automatic, to run through the test without stopping, or Prompted, to pause at each step in the process.

3. To check Port 1, click Start--Port 1 or to check Port 2, click Start--Port 2.

4. The test will prompt you to connect the short.

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PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers Tests and Adjustments

N5230A Preliminary Checks

5. The result of the operator’s check will be shown as a PASS or FAIL next to the test.

Figure 3-3 Operator’s Check Dialog Box

If the Operator’s Check Fails

1. Clean the test ports, shorts, and adapters. Torque to specification. Repeat the check.

2. If the check still fails, suspect a faulty component:

• A repeated failure in the switch repeatability for both the Port 1 and Port 2 checks indicates a faulty MASS. Refer to “Removing and Replacing the A17 MASS 26.5” on

page 7-24 or to “Removing and Replacing the A19 MASS 50” on page 7-28.

Service Guide N5230-90002 3- 11

Tests and Adjustments PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

Preliminary Checks N5230A

The Test Port Cable Checks

A faulty test port cable can cause a failure in the verification test. The following checks are not required, but are recommended to verify the performance of the test port cable.

• “Cable Return Loss Check” on page 3-13

• “Cable Insertion Loss Check” on page 3-14

• “Cable Magnitude and Phase Stability Check” on page 3-15

• “Cable Connector Repeatability Check” on page 3-17

Accessories Used in the Test Port Cable Checks

Equipment Type

Calibration kit, 3.5 mm F20 85052B 85052D

Test cable, 3.5 mm (f) to 3.5 mm (f) F20 85131C 85131E

Calibration kit, 2.4 mm F40, F50 85056A 85056D

Test cable, 2.4 mm (f) to 2.4 mm (f) F40, F50 85133C 85133E

Models Used With

Model or Part Number

Alternate Model or Part Number

3-12 Service Guide N5230-90002

PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers Tests and Adjustments

N5230A Preliminary Checks

Cable Return Loss Check

1. Press Preset.

2. Perform a one-port calibration on Port 1, 1-Port Reflection. Refer to the embedded help in the analyzer if necessary.

3. Connect the test port cable to Port 1. Connect a broadband load to the other end of the cable. Tighten to the specified torque for the connector type.

The analyzer now displays the return loss of the cable.

4. From the Marker menu, click Marker Search. In the Marker Search dialog box, in the Search Type box, make sure Maximum is selected. Click Execute, and then click OK.

5. The marker annotation on the screen indicates the worst case return loss. Refer to the cable manual to see if it meets the return loss specification. For an example of a typical return loss measurement, see Figure 3-4.

Figure 3-4 Typical Cable Return Loss Response

If the Cable Return Loss Check Fails

1. Clean the cable and devices and torque to specification. Repeat the check.

2. If the check still fails, the cable should be repaired or replaced.

Service Guide N5230-90002 3- 13

Tests and Adjustments PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

Preliminary Checks N5230A

Cable Insertion Loss Check

1. With the test port cable still connected to Port 1, connect a short to the other end of the cable.

2. From the Marker menu, click Marker Search. In the Marker Search dialog box, in the Search Type box, select Minimum. Click Execute, and then click OK.

3. The displayed response is twice the actual loss. To get the actual worst case insertion loss, divide the value at the marker annotation by two. Refer to the cable manual to see if it meets the insertion loss specification. For an example of a typical insertion loss measurement, see Figure 3-5.

Figure 3-5 Typical Cable Insertion Loss Response

If the Cable Insertion Loss Check Fails

1. Clean the cable and devices and torque to specification. Repeat the check.

2. If the check still fails, the cable should be repaired or replaced.

3-14 Service Guide N5230-90002

PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers Tests and Adjustments

N5230A Preliminary Checks

Cable Magnitude and Phase Stability Check

1. With the test port cable still connected to Port 1, connect a short to the other end of the cable.

2. Press Preset.

3. On the Trace menu, click New Trace. In the New Trace dialog box, click the S11 box,

and then click OK.

4. On the Trace menu, click Format. In the Format dialog box, click Phase, and then click

OK.

5. On the Channel menu, click Average. In the Average dialog box, click the Average ON

check box. In the Average Factor box, type 50 or click the arrows to select 50, and then click OK.

6. To provide a good reference, hold the test cable in a straight line perpendicular to the

front panel of the network analyzer.

7. On the Channel menu, click Restart Avg.

8. Wait for the analyzer to average the measurement 50 times (approximately two

seconds).

9. To normalize the data trace:

a. On the Trace menu, click Math/Memory.

b. In the Math/Memory dialog box, click the Data->Memory button.

c. In the Data Math list, select Data/Memory.

d. Under Trace View Options, make sure Data Trace is selected.

e. Click OK

10. Slowly make a 180 degree bend in the middle of the cable and hold it in that position.

11. For each trace: On the Scale menu, set the Scale Per Division for optimum viewing as

shown in Figure 3-6.

12. Place a marker on the largest deflection that goes above the reference line and is

within the cable’s specified frequency range. For a typical response of cable magnitude and phase stability, see Figure 3-6.

13. Place a marker on the largest deflection that goes below the reference line and is

within the cable’s specified frequency range.

In this S

measurement, the displayed trace results from energy being propagated

down the cable and reflected back from the short. Therefore, the measured deflection value must be divided in half to reach the correct value.

Service Guide N5230-90002 3- 15

Tests and Adjustments PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

Preliminary Checks N5230A

Figure 3-6 Typical Cable Magnitude and Phase Stability Response

If the Cable Magnitude and Phase Stability Check Fails

1. Clean the cable and devices and torque to specification. Repeat the check.

2. If the check still fails, the cable should be repaired or replaced.

3-16 Service Guide N5230-90002

PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers Tests and Adjustments

N5230A Preliminary Checks

Cable Connector Repeatability Check

NOTE

The connector repeatability measurement should be done at the test port as well as at the end of the test port cable.

1. With the test port cable still connected to Port 1, connect a broadband load to the other

end of the cable.

2. Press Preset.

3. On the Channel menu, click Average. In the Average dialog box, click the Average ON

check box. In the Average Factor box, type 100 or click the arrows to select 100. Click OK.

4. Wait for the analyzer to average the measurement 100 times (approximately five

seconds).

5. To normalize the data trace:

a. On the Trace menu, click Math/Memory.

b. In the Math/Memory dialog box, click the Data->Memory button.

c. In the Data Math list, select Data/Memory.

d. Under Trace View Options, make sure Data Trace is selected.

e. Click OK

6. To adjust the display scale:

a. On the Scale menu, click Scale.

b. In the Scale Per Division box, click the arrow to select 0.5 dB.

c. In the Level box under Reference click the arrow to select 0 dB.

d. Click OK.

7. Disconnect and then reconnect the cable to the test port. Tighten the connection to the

specified torque for the connector type.

8. On the Channel menu, click Restart Avg.

9. Look at the trace for spikes or modes.

10. To re-normalize the data trace of the reconnected cable:

a. On the Trace menu, click Math/Memory.

b. In the Math/Memory dialog box, click the Data->Memory button.

c. Click OK.

11. Repeat steps 7 through 9 at least three times to look for modes. Modes appear when a

harmonic of the source fundamental frequency is able to propagate through the cable or connector. It is helpful to print a plot of the trace each time to compare several connections. If any mode appears each time the cable is connected and reconnected, measurement integrity will be affected.

For a typical response of cable connector repeatability, see Figure 3-7.

Service Guide N5230-90002 3- 17

Tests and Adjustments PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

Preliminary Checks N5230A

12. For the Port 2 Check, connect the cable (with the load attached) to Port 2 and repeat steps 2 through 11.

Figure 3-7 Typical Cable Connector Repeatability Response

If the Cable Connector Repeatability Check Fails

1. Clean the cable and devices, and torque to specification. Repeat the check.

2. If the check still fails, the cable should be repaired or replaced.

3-18 Service Guide N5230-90002

PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers Tests and Adjustments

N5230A System Verification

System Verification

System verification is used to verify system-level, error-corrected uncertainty limits for network analyzer measurements. The verification procedure is automated and is contained in the firmware of the analyzer.

The device data provided with the verification kit has a traceable path to a national standard. The difference between the supplied traceable data and the measured data must fall within the total uncertainty limits at all frequencies for the system verification to pass.

The total measurement uncertainty limits for the system verification are the sum of the factory measurement uncertainties for the verification devices and the uncertainties associated with the system being verified. You can determine your system measurement uncertainty limits by referring to the analyzer embedded on-line help.

IMPORTANT

Passing this system verification does not guarantee that the analyzer meets all of its performance specifications. However, it does show that the network analyzer being verified measures the same devices with the same results as a factory system which has had all of its specifications verified and its total measurement uncertainty minimized.

What the System Verification Verifies

The system verification procedure verifies proper operation of the:

• network analyzer

• calibration kit

• test port cables

together as a “system”. It DOES NOT verify that any of these components pass their specifications independently. The user is responsible for independently calibrating and verifying the proper operation of the calibration kit and test port cables prior to performing the system verification.

NOTE

Additional equipment or accessories used with the above system are not verified by system verification.

Service Guide N5230-90002 3- 19

Tests and Adjustments PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

System Verification N5230A

Measurement Uncertainty

Measurement uncertainty is defined as the sum of:

• the residual systematic (repeatable) errors, and

• the random (non-repeatable) errors

in the measurement system after calibration.

The systematic errors are:

•directivity,

• source match,

• load match,

• reflection and transmission frequency tracking, and

• isolation (crosstalk).

The random errors include:

•noise,

•drift,

• connector repeatability, and

• test cable stability.

A complete description of system errors and how they affect measurements is provided in the analyzer’s on-line embedded help.

Any measurement result is the vector sum of the actual test device response plus all error terms. The precise effect of each error term depends on its magnitude and phase relationship to the actual test device response. When the phase of an error response is not known, phase is assumed to be worst-case (−180° to +180°). Random errors such as noise and connector repeatability are generally combined in a root-sum-of-the-squares (RSS) manner.

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PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers Tests and Adjustments

N5230A System Verification

Measurement Traceability

To establish a measurement traceability path to a national standard for a network analyzer system, the overall system performance is verified through the measurement of devices that have a traceable path. This is accomplished by measuring the devices in an Agilent verification kit.

The measurement of the devices in the verification kit has a traceable path because the factory system that measured the devices is calibrated and verified by measuring standards that have a traceable path to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (see Figure 3-8). This chain of measurements defines how the verification process brings traceability to the network analyzer system.

Figure 3-8 NIST Traceability Path for Calibration and Verification Standard

Service Guide N5230-90002 3- 21

Tests and Adjustments PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

System Verification N5230A

Performing System Verification

The following verification procedure is automated by the analyzer firmware. For each verification device, the analyzer reads a file from the verification disk and sequentially measures the magnitude and phase for all four S-parameters.

IMPORTANT

For system verification to perform correctly, it is NECESSARY that the verification devices be measured with their female connectors connected to Port 1 and their male connectors connected to Port 2.

NOTE

The following procedure, and the connection prompts given, assumes only one female-to-female cable connected to Port 2. However, this procedure can also be performed with the addition of a female-to-male cable connected to Port 1.

NOTE

Although the performance for all four S-parameters are measured, the S11 and S

phase uncertainties for the attenuators and airlines are less

important for verifying system performance. Therefore, the limit lines will not appear on the printout.

Equipment Used in the System Verification Procedure

Equipment Type

Calibration kit 85054B/D 85052B/D 85056A/D

Verification kit 85055A 85053B 85057B

Cables

85131C/E (with 85130C

3.5 mm to Type-N adapter set)

Typ e-N 3.5 mm 2.4 mm

F20: 85131C/E F40, F50: 85133C/E (with 85130F 2.4 mm to 3.5 mm adapter set)

85133C/E

Cable Substitution

The test port cables specified for the network analyzer system have been characterized for connector repeatability, magnitude and phase stability with flexing, return loss, insertion loss, and aging rate. Since test port cable performance is a significant contributor to the system performance, cables of lower performance will increase the uncertainty of your measurement. Refer to the plots in the cable tests (earlier in this chapter) that show the performance of good cables. It is highly recommended that the test port cables to be regularly tested.

If the system verification is performed with a non-Agilent cable, ensure that the cable meets or exceeds the specifications for the test cable specified in the above table,

“Equipment Used in the System Verification Procedure.” Refer to the cable’s user’s guide

for specifications.

Kit Substitution

Non-Agilent calibration kits and verification kits are not recommended nor supported.

3-22 Service Guide N5230-90002

PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers Tests and Adjustments

N5230A System Verification

System Verification Procedure

1. Connect a cable to the analyzer as shown in Figure 3-9. If you desire printed test outputs, connect a printer to the analyzer. For the printer, ensure that the correct driver is loaded and the printer is defined as the default printer. Refer to the embedded help in the analyzer for printer setup. Let the analyzer warm up for at least 90 minutes.

Figure 3-9 System Verification Test Setup

2. Insert the verification kit disk into the analyzer disk drive.

3. On the System menu, point to Service, and then click System Verification. The System Verification dialog box is displayed; refer to Figure 3-10.

Figure 3-10 System Verification Dialog Box

Service Guide N5230-90002 3- 23

Tests and Adjustments PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

System Verification N5230A

4. In the Calibration Kit box, select the calibration kit that is being used by clicking on it. The corresponding verification kit to use is selected for you and displayed in the Verification Kit box. Refer to Figure 3-10.

5. Under Printer Output, click one of the following options. Refer to Figure 3-10.

• None: No printout of results.

• Tabul ar D a ta: Prints the verification data in tabular form which includes measured

data and uncertainty limits. For an example, refer to Figure 3-13 on page 3-26.

• Measurement Plots: Prints the verification data in graphical form. The graphical

form includes the measured data trace, factory supplied data trace, and uncertainty limits. For an example, refer to Figure 3-14 on page 3-27.

• Both: Prints the verification data in both formats.

NOTE

For printed output, it is assumed that the printer has been tested and the Windows 2000 driver is installed for the printer that is being used. The system verification test prints to the printer that has been designated as the default printer. (On the Windows Desktop display, click on My Computer, Control Panel, and then Printers to verify the printer setup.)

6. Click Run.

7. Follow the instructions on the analyzer for performing a full 2-port calibration.

8. After completion of the full 2-port calibration, follow the instructions on the analyzer for performing the system verification.

For the system verification, insert the devices as shown in Figure 3-11.

Figure 3-11 System Verification Device Connections

3-24 Service Guide N5230-90002

PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers Tests and Adjustments

N5230A System Verification

If the System Fails the Verification Test

IMPORTANT

Inspect all connections. Do not remove the cable from the analyzer test port. This will invalidate the calibration that you performed earlier.

1. Disconnect and clean the device that failed the verification test.

2. Reconnect the device making sure that all connections are torqued to the proper specifications.

3. Measure the device again.

4. If the analyzer still fails the test, check the measurement calibration by viewing the error terms as described in “Accessing Error Terms” on page A-6.

5. Refer to Figure 3-12 for additional troubleshooting steps.

Figure 3-12 System Verification Failure Flowchart

Service Guide N5230-90002 3- 25

Tests and Adjustments PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

System Verification N5230A

Interpreting the Verification Results

Figure 3-13 shows an example of typical verification results with Tabu l ar D ata selected in

the Printer Output area of the System Verification dialog box.

At the top of the printed output is the name of the device, the serial number of the device, and the date tested.

Each S-parameter measurement result is printed with frequency tested, lower and upper limit lines, the measured data, and the result of the test.

Figure 3-13 Example of Printed Tabular Verification Results

Sys Ver -- 20 dB attenuator magnitude results, Serial #00810 -- 6 Sep 2000

S11 Results

Frequency Lower Limit Measured Data Upper Limit Result

0.3 MHz 0.0048 Units 0.0090 Units 0.0139 Units PASS

100 0.0046 0.0091 0.0137 PASS

200 0.0042 0.0092 0.0134 PASS

300 0.0040 0.0091 0.0133 PASS

400 0.0038 0.0089 0.0131 PASS

500 0.0036 0.0087 0.0129 PASS

600 0.0034 0.0085 0.0127 PASS

700 0.0031 0.0082 0.0125 PASS

800 0.0029 0.0080 0.0122 PASS

900 0.0026 0.0079 0.0119 PASS

1000 0.0023 0.0075 0.0117 PASS

1100 0.0020 0.0072 0.0114 PASS

1200 0.0017 0.0068 0.0111 PASS

1300 0.0013 0.0064 0.0107 PASS

1400 -0.0006 0.0059 0.0118 PASS

1500 -0.0011 0.0052 0.0113 PASS

1600 -0.0015 0.0044 0.0108 PASS

1700 -0.0020 0.0038 0.0103 PASS

1800 -0.0026 0.0032 0.0097 PASS

1900 -0.0031 0.0024 0.0091 PASS

2000 -0.0036 0.0019 0.0085 PASS

2100 -0.0045 0.0016 0.0082 PASS

2200 -0.0050 0.0018 0.0077 PASS

2300 -0.0054 0.0023 0.0073 PASS

2400 -0.0052 0.0031 0.0075 PASS

2500 -0.0048 0.0039 0.0080 PASS

2600 -0.0040 0.0050 0.0087 PASS

2700 -0.0032 0.0060 0.0094 PASS

2800 -0.0024 0.0071 0.0103 PASS

2900 -0.0014 0.0082 0.0113 PASS

3000 -0.0004 0.0095 0.0124 PASS

Overall PASS/FAIL result for entire frequency range = PASS

3-26 Service Guide N5230-90002

PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers Tests and Adjustments

N5230A System Verification

Figure 3-14 shows an example of typical verification results with Measurement Plots

selected in the Printer Output area of the System Verification windows. The printed graphical results show the following:

• the name of the device measured

• the serial number of the device

• the parameters measured

• Results of the measurements. Labeled as A in Figure 3-14.

• Data measured at the factory from the verification kit. Labeled as B in Figure 3-14.

• Upper and lower limit points as defined by the total system uncertainty system. Labeled as C in Figure 3-14.

Figure 3-14 Example of Printed Graphical Verification Results

Service Guide N5230-90002 3- 27

Tests and Adjustments PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

Performance Tests (Agilent N2721A Software Package) N5230A

Performance Tests (Agilent N2721A Software Package)

The Agilent N2721A software package verifies the electrical performance of your N5230A PNA series microwave network analyzer. The software automatically configures your analyzer to execute the performance tests. The N2721A software package is not included with the analyzer; it must be ordered separately. The model numbers of the equipment used are specified under “Required Service Test Equipment” on page 2-6.

There are nine tests in the software package:

• Source Maximum Power Output Test

• Source Power Linearity Test

• Frequency Accuracy Test

• Trace Noise Test

• System Compression Test

• Noise Floor Test

• Calibration Coefficients Test

• Dynamic Accuracy Test

Source Maximum Power Output Test

Function of the Test: To confirm the maximum source output power of your network

analyzer over its full frequency range.

Specification Tested: Test Port Output–Maximum Leveled Power

Equipment Used: A power meter, power sensors, and adapters.

Description of the Test:

1. A power sensor is connected to Port 1.

2. The analyzer’s output is set to hundreds of CW frequencies and, at each frequency, the output power is increased until an “UNLEVELED” error is detected.

3. The power level at this point is measured and compared to the maximum output power specification.

If the Analyzer Fails this Test:

•Go to “Checking the Signal through the Signal Separation Path” on page 4-42 for troubleshooting information to determine the faulty assembly.

3-28 Service Guide N5230-90002

PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers Tests and Adjustments

N5230A Performance Tests (Agilent N2721A Software Package)

Source Power Linearity Test

Function of the Test: To verify that the power level is linear over the analyzer’s

frequency range and to check the linearity of the automatic leveling control (ALC).

Specification Tested: Power Sweep Range and Power Level Linearity

Equipment Used: A test cable. (And a 20 dB attenuator if the analyzer does not have an

internal step attenuator.)

Description of the Test:

1. The Port 2 receiver is used to test Port 1. The receiver linearity is the standard against which the source linearity is checked.

2. A test cable is connected between Port 1 and Port 2 with 20 dB of attenuation in series with the cable. This can be done with an internal step attenuator or an external 20 dB attenuator. This attenuation ensures that the receiver remains in its linear range.

3. The analyzer is set to 25 different points across its frequency range.

4. At each frequency point, the output power level on Port 2 is set to 0.000 dBm and the power is measured to establish a reference, P

reference

5. The source setting is then stepped from −15 to +10 dBm in 1 dB steps and the power is measured, P

measured

, at each setting.

6. The non-linearity in dB at each frequency point is calculated as:

measured

− P

reference

) − (source setting)

If the Analyzer Fails this Test:

• Perform the “Source Calibration Adjustment” on page 3-41 and repeat this test.

• If the analyzer still fails this test, replace the A17 MASS 26.5 (for the 20 GHz analyzer) or the A19 MASS 50 (for the 40GHz and 50 GHz analyzers) and then repeat this test. Refer to “Removing and Replacing the A17 MASS 26.5” on page 7-24 or to “Removing

and Replacing the A19 MASS 50” on page 7-28.

Frequency Accuracy Test

Function of the Test: To verify the frequency accuracy and range of the analyzer’s source

output.

Specification Tested: Test Port Output–CW Accuracy

Equipment Used: A frequency counter, a test cable, and adapters.

Description of the Test:

1. Port 1 is connected to a frequency counter.

2. A series of frequencies across the band are checked.

If the Analyzer Fails this Test:

• Verify the accuracy of the 10 MHz OCXO by using a frequency counter to the rear-panel 10 MHz REF OUT. If the 10 MHz reference is off by more than 10 Hz, perform the “10

MHz Frequency Reference Adjustment” on page 3-39 and then repeat this test

Service Guide N5230-90002 3- 29

Tests and Adjustments PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

Performance Tests (Agilent N2721A Software Package) N5230A

Trace Noise Test

Function of the Test: To measure the stability of a signal in the internal source and

receiver system of your analyzer.

Specification Tested: Test Port Input–Trace Noise Magnitude and Trace Noise Phase

Equipment Used: A test cable.

Description of the Test:

1. Port 1 and Port 2 are connected with a test cable.

2. The analyzer is set to a series of CW frequencies across its frequency range.

3. Magnitude and phase are measured at each frequency at both 1 kHz and 10 kHz IF bandwidths, in both directions.

4. Measurements are made at a nominal power level of 0 dBm and 201 points per sweep.

If the Analyzer Fails this Test:

• Repeat this test. It is unlikely for the analyzer to fail this test without a complete failure of the network analyzer system.

• If the analyzer still fails this test, replace the A5 SPAM board and then repeat this test. Refer to “Removing and Replacing the A5 through A10 Boards” on page 7-16.

System Compression Test

Function of the Test: To measure the compression at the analyzer’s specified maximum

power level for the receivers.

Specification Tested: Test Port Input–Maximum Test Port Input Level

Equipment Used: Shorts from calibration kit and 10-dB attenuators.

Description of the Test:

1. All measurements are made with a 1 kHz IF bandwidth and 201 points per sweep.

2. The analyzer is set to various CW frequencies across the range of the analyzer.

3. Two measurement windows are open (set to measure: A and B).

4. Shorts with 10 dB fixed attenuators are connected to the test ports.

5. A power sweep is performed over the full ALC range and saved to memory.

6. The 10 dB attenuators are removed and the shorts are reconnected to the test ports.

7. A power sweep is performed and data is normalized with memory.

8. Receiver compression is the difference between the displayed power value at the low end of the ALC range and the power value at the high end of the ALC range. This compression is compared with the specifications.

If the Analyzer Fails this Test:

• Repeat this test. There are no adjustments that can be made.

• If the analyzer still fails this test, replace the A20 mixer brick and then repeat this test. Refer to“Removing and Replacing the A20 Mixer Brick” on page 7-30.

3-30 Service Guide N5230-90002

PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers Tests and Adjustments

N5230A Performance Tests (Agilent N2721A Software Package)

Noise Floor Test

Function of the Test: To measure the absolute power level of the noise floor for the

analyzer’s receivers.

Specification Tested: Test Port Input–Test Port Noise Floor

Equipment Used: A power meter, power sensor, a calibration kit, and a test cable.

Description of the Test:

1. The analyzer is set to various CW frequencies across its frequency range at an IF bandwidth of 1 kHz and 801 points per sweep.

2. A test cable is connected to the driving port for the measurement and a power sensor is connected to the other end of the cable.

3. The power level at the end of the cable is set to −5.00 dBm.

4. The power sensor is disconnected and the cable is connected to the port to be tested.

5. The absolute power level in dBm (log magnitude) is read: (P

log

6. The test cable is removed and loads are connected to both ports.

7. The analyzer’s trace is set to represent the absolute power level (linear magnitude) for the receiver under test and a sweep is taken.

8. The mean of the points on the trace, in watts, is read: (P

9. Average power in dBm is calculated: P

=10∗Log10(P

dBm

10. Corrected noise floor in dBm for a 10 Hz IF bandwidth = P

lin

∗1000).

lin

dBm

−19.96 dB−(5.00-P

log

If the Analyzer Fails this Test:

• If the analyzer fails this test, replace the A20 mixer brick and then repeat this test.

Refer to “Removing and Replacing the A20 Mixer Brick” on page 7-30.

• If the analyzer still fails this test, replace the A5 SPAM board and then repeat this test.

Refer to “Removing and Replacing the A5 through A10 Boards” on page 7-16.

Service Guide N5230-90002 3- 31

Tests and Adjustments PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

Performance Tests (Agilent N2721A Software Package) N5230A

Calibration Coefficients Test

Function of the Test: To verify the uncorrected calibration coefficients of your analyzer.

The calibration coefficients are measured in forward and reverse direction. Refer to

Appendix A, “Error Terms,” for error term information relating to the calibration

coefficients measured.

Specification Tested: Uncorrected System Performance

Equipment Used: A calibration kit and a test cable.

Description of the Test:

1. A series of 2-port calibrations are performed. Two full SOLT 2-port calibrations are performed on each port. Isolation is turned off during each 2-port calibration.

2. A test cable is attached to the first port, and a calibration is performed at the end of the cable and at the second port. The cable is moved to the second port and another calibration is performed. Using two calibrations helps to eliminate the unknown characteristics of the through cable.

3. Each calibration produces 12 error terms.

4. The error terms are used to determine the following characteristics: directivity, source match, load match, reflection tracking, and transmission tracking.

If the Analyzer Fails this Test:

• If the analyzer fails tracking error terms only, perform “Receiver Calibration

Adjustment” on page 3-42 and repeat this test.

• Failure of any other error terms indicate a hardware failure. Refer to the appropriate error term discussion in Appendix A, “Error Terms,” for a typical cause of failure. Refer to Chapter 7, “Repair and Replacement Procedures,” for instructions on replacing the suspected faulty component or assembly.

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PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers Tests and Adjustments

N5230A Performance Tests (Agilent N2721A Software Package)

Dynamic Accuracy Test

Function of the Test: To measure the relative power linearity of the analyzer’s receivers.

Specification Tested: Test Port Input–Dynamic Accuracy

Equipment Used: The dynamic accuracy test set (Z5623A Option H01), a power meter

(E4418B or E4419B Option G12 or Option H12)

Description of the Test:

1. The analyzer’s test ports are tested separately at a specific CW frequency and a

reference power level of −20 dBm.

2. The analyzer’s driving port is connected to the dynamic accuracy test set’s source port and the analyzer’s receiving port is connected to the dynamic accuracy test set’s receiver port. A power sensor is connected to the dynamic accuracy test set’s power meter port.

3. The dynamic accuracy test set is used to input a signal from the driving port on the analyzer. The input signal is routed through step attenuators to both the analyzer and a power sensor.

, power sensors, and two test cables.

4. The analyzer source and the dynamic accuracy test set create power levels that are “deltas” from the reference power level of −20 dBm. Each delta is measured two ways: by the power sensor and by the analyzer’s receiver under test.

5. The analyzer’s power level into the port under test is set to the −20 dBm reference level.

6. The power level is measured with the power sensor: (P

7. The power level is measured using the analyzer’s receiver under test: (P

8. The power level into the analyzer’s port under test is stepped, in 5 dB steps, over the range of 0 to −120 dBm. Each power level represents a “delta” from the reference power level.

9. At each step, the power level is measured using the power meter: (P

10. At each step, the power level is measured using the receiver under test: (P

11. The power error in dB = (P

mr−Pmd

)−(Ppr−Ppd).

If the Analyzer Fails this Test:

• If the analyzer fails this test, replace the A20 mixer brick and then repeat this test.

Refer to “Removing and Replacing the A20 Mixer Brick” on page 7-30.

• If the analyzer still fails this test, replace the A5 SPAM board and repeat this test.

Refer to“Removing and Replacing the A5 through A10 Boards” on page 7-16.

1. This test requires a higher accuracy power meter than standard. Refer to “Required Service Test

Equipment” on page 2-6 for specifications. If an Option G12 or H12 power meter is not available, refer

to the “Power Meter Accuracy Test” on page 3-34 to verify the accuracy of a standard power meter.

Service Guide N5230-90002 3- 33

Tests and Adjustments PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

Performance Tests (Agilent N2721A Software Package) N5230A

Power Meter Accuracy Test

This test is intended for power meters used in testing the PNA series network analyzers. The “Dynamic Accuracy Test” requires the use of a power meter that has been calibrated to a higher accuracy than the standard power meter.

Power meters with options G12 and H12 specify an improved instrumentation accuracy over a limited power range. (These power meters do not contain unique hardware.) A power meter may be returned to the factory to have one of these options added to an existing power meter or to renew the calibration for one of these options.

This test procedure is an alternative to returning the power meter to the factory. When a power meter passes this test, it is considered to be calibrated for the G12 or H12 option even though it has not been returned to the factory.

This test procedure is available on the Internet as a separate document, Agilent Part Number E8356-90051. The on-line document may have a more recent print date. Refer to

“Contacting Agilent” on page 2-10 for the Internet address (URL).

EPM Series Power Meters That Can Be Tested Using This Procedure

This procedure assumes that the recommended model number power meter is being tested. The alternate model numbers can be tested but the necessary procedural steps may differ.

Recommended Model Number

E4419B E4418A/B, E4419A, EPM-441A, EPM-442A

NOTE

It is recommended that the revision number for the power meter “Main

Alternate Model Numbers

Firmware” be Ax.03.00 or higher. This applies to all power meter model numbers listed above (both recommended and alternate).

Equipment Used for the Power Meter Accuracy Test

Equipment Type

Range calibrator 11683A None

Precision digital voltmeter 3458A

Power sensor cable 8120-8319, 11730A Any equivalent

Cable, BNC, 50W Any Any

Adapter for connecting BNC cable to DVM inputs

Recommended Model or Part Number

Any Any

Alternate Model or Part Number

Any with the required accuracy and

resolution

a. Required accuracy and resolution at the following voltage levels:

14 mV input: 0.0100% accuracy 10 nV resolution

0.140 V input: 0.0050% accuracy 100 nV resolution

0.450 V input: 0.003% accuracy 100 nV resolution

3-34 Service Guide N5230-90002

PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers Tests and Adjustments

N5230A Performance Tests (Agilent N2721A Software Package)

Description of the Test

The power meter accuracy is verified for various power inputs and the actual readings are recorded in a test record. A range calibrator is used to provide the reference inputs.

NOTE

It is recommended that a copy of the test record on page 3-38 be made, and the values be recorded on the copy, thus preserving the original for future use.

Test Procedure

NOTE

This procedure assumes the use of the recommended equipment model numbers. The actual steps required, therefore, may differ for other model numbers of equipment used.

1. Setup the equipment as shown in Figure 3-15:

a. Connect the DC REFERENCE OUTPUT connector on the rear panel of the range

calibrator to the DVM voltage input.

b. Connect the POWER METER output of the range calibrator to the input of the

power meter being tested.

c. Switch on the power to the power meter, the range calibrator, and the digital

voltmeter.

Figure 3-15 Setup for the Power Meter Accuracy Test

2. Preset the power meter: Press [Preset/Local], then Confirm.

3. Perform the following steps for each channel on the power meter:

a. Set to read in dBm: Press [dBm/W], then dBm.

b. Set the ref cal factor to 100%: Press [Zero/Cal], Cal, A/B Ref CF, then set to 100.0, if

necessary.

c. Set the cal factor to 100%: Press [Frequency/Cal Fac], A/B Cal Fac, then set to

100.0, if necessary.

d. Set readout to 0.001 dBm: Press [Meas Setup], then Resolution 1 2 3 4, to

highlight 4.

e. Set filter step detect on and filter length to 512: Press [System/Inputs], channel A or

B Input Settings, [More], Ch A/B Filter, Step Det On, Filter On, Mode MAN, Length, then set the filter length to 512.

Service Guide N5230-90002 3- 35

Tests and Adjustments PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

Performance Tests (Agilent N2721A Software Package) N5230A

4. Setup the digital voltmeter (DVM) as follows:

a. Reset the DVM: Press the blue key followed by Reset.

b. Set the sample period to a value greater than one second: Press NPLC, 5, 0, then

Enter.

5. Set the range calibrator controls as follows:

POLARITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NORMAL

RANGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 mW

FUNCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CALIBRATE

6. Allow the equipment to warm up for approximately 30 minutes. Do not change any connections or control settings during this time.

7. Zero and calibrate the power meter channel to which the range calibrator is connected:

a. The range calibrator’s RANGE switch should be set to 1 mW.

b. Set the range calibrator’s FUNCTION switch to STANDBY.

c. Press [Zero/Cal], then Zero A or Zero B (as appropriate). Wait for the operation to

complete.

d. Set the range calibrator’s FUNCTION switch to CALIBRATE.

e. Press [Zero/Cal], Cal, then Cal A or Cal B (as appropriate). Wait for the operation to

complete.

8. Monitor the drift rate of the power meter reading: Five minutes following calibration, the meter must read 0.001, 0.000, or −0.001 dBm. If the power meter reading is not one of these values, allow additional warm up time, then check the drift rate again. The range calibrator must remain connected to the power meter during this warm up time.

9. Zero and calibrate the power meter channel to which the range calibrator is connected:

NOTE

After a channel on the power meter is calibrated, do not allow more than 5 minutes to elapse before completing the remaining measurement steps for that channel.

a. The range calibrator’s RANGE switch should be set to 1 mW.

b. Set the range calibrator’s FUNCTION switch to STANDBY.

c. Press [Zero/Cal], then Zero A or Zero B (as appropriate). Wait for the operation to

complete.

d. Set the range calibrator’s FUNCTION switch to CALIBRATE.

e. Press [Zero/Cal], Cal, then Cal A or Cal B (as appropriate). Wait for the operation to

complete.

10. Record the DVM voltage reading as value A in the test record on page 3-38.

NOTE

All DVM readings in this procedure should be recorded showing five significant digits.

11. The reading on the power meter should be 0.000 ±0.001 dBm.

3-36 Service Guide N5230-90002

PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers Tests and Adjustments

N5230A Performance Tests (Agilent N2721A Software Package)

12. Switch the range calibrator RANGE to 300 µW.

13. Record the DVM voltage reading as value B in the test record.

14. Wait for the power meter reading to settle (no settling drift within 20 seconds).

15. Record the power meter reading as value C in the test record.

16. Switch the range calibrator RANGE to 100 µW.

17. Record the DVM voltage reading as value D in the test record.

18. Wait for the power meter reading to settle (no settling drift within 20 seconds).

19. Record the power meter reading as value E in the test record.

20. If testing a dual-channel power meter, perform steps 7 through 19 for the other channel.

21. Perform the pass/fail calculations indicated on the test record.

NOTE

If a channel of the power meter does not pass this test, the power meter cannot be used in applications that require Option G12 or H12. There are no adjustments that can be performed to improve the performance of the power meter. Typically, replacing the A6 measurement assembly associated with the failed channel will correct the problem.

Service Guide N5230-90002 3- 37

Tests and Adjustments PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

Performance Tests (Agilent N2721A Software Package) N5230A

TEST RECORD FOR POWER METER ACCURACY TEST

Power Meter Tested: Model No.: Serial No:

Date: Tested by:

Test Eq uipment Used

Range Calibrator: Model No.: 11683A

Digital Voltmeter: Model No.: Serial No.:

Serial No.:

Test Results

Range

Calibrator

Setting

1 mW A = 0.000 ±0.001 A = 0.000 ±0.001

300 µWB =C =B =C =

100 µWD =E =D =E =

DVM Reading

(Vdc)

Channel A Channel B

Power Meter

Reading (dBm)

DVM Reading

(Vdc)

Power Meter

Reading (dBm)

Pass/Fail Calculations

R = B/A = R = B/A =

S = 10

(C/10)

= S = 10

(C/10)

300 µW

100 µW

3-38 Service Guide N5230-90002

% ERROR = ((R-S)/R) × 100 = % % ERROR = ((R-S)/R) × 100 = %

Limits: ±0.13% Limits: ±0.13%

Pass Fail Pass Fail

T = D/A = T = D/A =

(E/10)

U = 10

% ERROR = ((T-U)/T) × 100 = % % ERROR = ((T-U)/T) × 100 = %

Limits: ±0.10% Limits: ±0.10%

Pass Fail Pass Fail

= U = 10

(E/10)

PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers Tests and Adjustments

N5230A Adjustments

Adjustments

These adjustments are firmware-driven tests that are used to fine-tune your analyzer.

If multiple adjustments are to be performed, perform them in the order listed.

• “10 MHz Frequency Reference Adjustment” on page 3-39

• “LO Power Adjustment” on page 3-40

• “Source Calibration Adjustment” on page 3-41

• “Receiver Calibration Adjustment” on page 3-42

10 MHz Frequency Reference Adjustment

The 10 MHz frequency adjustment is used to adjust the frequency accuracy of the network analyzer’s 10 MHz frequency reference on the A10 frequency reference board assembly.

Equipment Used for the Frequency Adjustment at 10 MHz

Equipment Type Model or Part Number Alternate Model or Part Number

Cable, BNC, 50Ω, 24 inch 8120-1839 Any

Frequency counter 53151A, Option 001

Any that will measure a signal at 10 MHz.

Procedure

NOTE

This adjustment typically adjusts to within ±0.01 ppm.

1. Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 3-16. Connect a GPIB cable between the

network analyzer and the frequency counter.

Figure 3-16 Setup for Adjustment of the 10 MHz Frequency Reference

2. On the System menu, point to Service, Adjustments, and then click

10 MHz Freq Adjust.

3. Ensure the GPIB settings are correct.

4. Click Begin Adj, and then follow the instructions as they are displayed.

Service Guide N5230-90002 3- 39

Tests and Adjustments PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

Adjustments N5230A

LO Power Adjustment

The LO power adjustment is used to adjust the power level of the LO signal from the A6 multiplier board to the A20 mixer brick.

Equipment used for the LO Power Adjustment

Equipment Type

Power meter All E4418B/E4419B E4418A/E4419A

Power sensor, 3.5 mm F20 E4413A 8485A

Power sensor, 2.4 mm F40, F50 8487A None

Adapter, 2.4 mm (f) to 3.5 mm (m)

5/16-inch, open-end torque wrench (set to 10 in-lbs)

a. Required only if using the 8487A power sensor to measure an Option F20 analyzer.

Options Used With

F20 11901D None

All N/A N/A

Model or Part Number

Alternate Model or Part Number

Procedure

1. Turn off the network analyzer and remove the power cable and other external cables from the rear panel.

2. Remove the outer cover. Refer to “Removing the Covers” on page 7-6.

3. Place the analyzer on its side to allow access to the bottom of the analyzer.

4. Connect a GPIB cable between the analyzer and the power meter.

5. With a 5/16 inch open-end wrench, disconnect cable W3 at the A20 mixer brick. Refer to

“Bottom Cables, Passive Configuration (Option F20)” on page 6-16 to determine the

location of cable W3.

6. Connect the power sensor to the end of cable W3.

7. Reconnect the power and USB cables. Turn on the analyzer.

8. On the System menu, point to Service, Adjustments, and then click LO Power Adjust.

9. Ensure the GPIB settings are correct.

10. Click Begin Adj, and then follow the instructions as they are displayed.

11. Turn off the analyzer, disconnect the power cable, reconnect the semi-rigid cable W3,

and replace the cover.

3-40 Service Guide N5230-90002

PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers Tests and Adjustments

N5230A Adjustments

Source Calibration Adjustment

The source calibration is used to adjust your network analyzer for a flat source power across its full frequency range. There are differences between Port 1 and Port 2; therefore, a Port 2 adjustment is required.

Equipment Used for the Source Calibration Adjustment

Equipment Type

Power meter All E4418B/E4419B E4418A/E4419A

Power sensor, 3.5 mm F20 E4413A 8485A

Adapter, 3.5 mm (f) to 3.5 mm (f) F20 83059B 85052-60012

Power sensor, 2.4 mm F40, F 50 8487A None

Adapter, 2.4 mm (f) to 2.4 mm (f) F40, F 50 11900B 85056-60007

Models Used With

Model or Part Number

Alternate Model or Part Number

Procedure

1. Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 3-17. Connect a GPIB cable between the network analyzer and the power meter.

Figure 3-17 Setup for the Source Calibration Adjustment

2. On the System menu, point to Service, Adjustments, and then click Source Calibration.

3. Ensure the GPIB settings are correct.

4. Click Calibrate, and then follow the instructions as they are displayed.

Service Guide N5230-90002 3- 41

Tests and Adjustments PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

Adjustments N5230A

Receiver Calibration Adjustment

The receiver calibration is used to adjust the network analyzer receivers for a flat response across its full frequency range:

1. A power meter/sensor is connected to Port 1, as shown in Figure 3-18, to establish a reference for flatness.

2. A cable is inserted between the power sensor and the test port, as shown in Figure 3-19, to establish a reference for the cable.

3. The same cable is connected between the two test ports, as shown in Figure 3-20, and a signal from Port 1 is used to adjust the “B” receiver at Port 2.

The adjustment is repeated using a signal from Port 2 to adjust the “A” receiver at Port 1.

Data obtained during this adjustment are stored in the mxcalfile_pxx files on the hard disk drive (where xx is a 1 or 2 digit number). The data are used in subsequent measurements.

If the hard disk drive is replaced, these mxcalfile_pxx files will be lost. Therefore, they should be backed up (saved on a floppy disk) so that they can be restored. If using multiple disk drives (e.g. classified and general usage), then these files must be replaced on each individual disk drive.

These files can be recreated by performing another receiver calibration adjustment.

Equipment Used for the Receiver Calibration Adjustment

Equipment Type

Power meter All E4418B/E4419B E4418A/E4419A

Power sensor, 3.5 mm F20 E4413A 8485A

Adapter, 3.5 mm (f) to 3.5 mm (f) F20 83059B 85052-60012

RF Cable, 3.5 mm (f) to 3.5 mm (f) F20 85131C 85131E

Power sensor, 2.4 mm F40, F50 8487A None

Adapter, 2.4 mm (f) to 2.4 mm (f) F40, F50 11900B 85056-60007

RF Cable, 2.4 mm (f) to 2.4 mm (f) F40, F50 85133C 85133E

Models Used With

Model or Part Number

Alternate Model Part Number

Procedure

1. Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 3-18. Connect a GPIB cable between the network analyzer and the power meter.

3-42 Service Guide N5230-90002

PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers Tests and Adjustments

N5230A Adjustments

Figure 3-18 Setup 1 for the Receiver Calibration Adjustment

2. On the System menu, point to Service, Adjustments, and then click Receiver Calibration.

3. Ensure the GPIB settings are correct.

4. Click Calibrate, and then follow the instructions as they are displayed.

Figure 3-19 Setup 2 for the Receiver Calibration Adjustment

Service Guide N5230-90002 3- 43

Tests and Adjustments PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

Adjustments N5230A

Figure 3-20 Setup 3 for the Receiver Calibration Adjustment

3-44 Service Guide N5230-90002

4 Troubleshooting

Service Guide N5230-90002 4- 1

Troubleshooting PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

Information in This Chapter N5230A

Information in This Chapter

The information in this chapter helps you:

• Identify the portion of the analyzer at fault.

• Locate the specific troubleshooting procedure to identify the assembly or peripheral at fault.

The sections in this chapter are arranged in a logical troubleshooting order. The following table lists the sections and a brief summary of what to look for in that section.

Chapter Four at-a-Glance

Section Title Summary of Content Start Page

‘Getting Started with Troubleshooting’

‘Power Up Troubleshooting’

‘Front Panel Troubleshooting’

‘Rear Panel Troubleshooting’

‘Measurement System Troubleshooting’

A starting point to begin troubleshooting. Page 4-4

Power-up problems:

• Power supply problems

•LCD problems

• Bootup for the network analyzer interface

Problems occurring after the network analyzer interface is loaded:

• Does the display color appear correct?

• Do the front panel keys function properly?

• Does the front panel USB connector function properly?

Problems associated with the rear panel interconnects.

The data found at these rear panel interconnects can be used to troubleshoot the CPU board.

Problems with the measurement portion of the analyzer.

• Checking the A, B, R1, and R2 signals.

• Checking the source group.

• Checking the receiver group.

• Checking the signal separation group.

• Checking the frequency offset group (options 080 and 081).

Page 4-6

Page 4-16

Page 4-20

Page 4-26

Instrument Block Diagrams

4-2 Service Guide N5230-90002

Block diagrams for the analyzer including all options.

Page 4-47

PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers Troubleshooting

N5230A Protect Against Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)

Protect Against Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)

This is important. If not properly protected against, electrostatic discharge can seriously damage your analyzer, resulting in costly repair.

CAUTION

To reduce the chance of electrostatic discharge, follow all of the recommendations outlined in “Electrostatic Discharge Protection” on

page 1-5, for all of the procedures in this chapter.

Assembly Replacement Sequence

After identifying the problem requiring an assembly to be replaced, follow these steps:

Step 1. Order a replacement assembly. Refer to Chapter 6, “Replaceable Parts.”

Step 2. Replace the faulty assembly and determine what adjustments are necessary.

Refer to Chapter 7, “Repair and Replacement Procedures.”

Step 3. Perform the necessary adjustments. Refer to Chapter 3, “Tests and Adjustments.”

Step 4. Perform the necessary performance tests. Refer to Chapter 3, “Tests and

Adjustments.”

Service Guide N5230-90002 4- 3

Troubleshooting PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

Getting Started with Troubleshooting N5230A

Getting Started with Troubleshooting

Where you begin troubleshooting depends upon the symptoms of the failure. Start by checking the basics as outlined in the following section. Also review the flowchart in Figure

4-1 on page 4-5. You should then be able to determine where in the troubleshooting

procedure to begin, to locate the failed assembly.

Check the Basics

A problem can often be solved by repeating the procedure you were following when the problem occurred. Before calling Agilent Technologies or returning the instrument for service, please perform the following checks:

1. Is there power at the mains receptacle? If not, correct this situation and proceed.

2. Is the instrument turned on? Check to see if the front panel line switch glows. This indicates the power supply is on. If the front panel line switch is on but the power supply does not appear to be on, go to “Power Up Troubleshooting” on page 4-6.

3. Is the Windows

® operating system running? If not, refer to Appendix D, “Operating

System Recovery,” for instructions.

4. If other equipment, cables, and connectors are being used with the instrument, make sure they are clean, connected properly and operating correctly.

5. Review the procedure for the measurement being performed when the problem appeared. Are all the settings correct? If not, correct them.

6. If the instrument is not functioning as expected, return the unit to a known state by pressing the

Preset key.

7. Is the measurement being performed, and the results that are expected, within the specifications and capabilities of the instrument? Refer to the embedded help in the analyzer for instrument specifications.

8. If the problem is thought to be due to firmware, check to see if the instrument has the latest firmware before starting the troubleshooting procedure. Refer to Appendix C,

“Firmware Upgrades,” for instructions.

9. If the necessary test equipment is available, perform the operator’s check and system verification in Chapter 3, “Tests and Adjustments.”

Windows® is a U.S. registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.

4-4 Service Guide N5230-90002

PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers Troubleshooting

N5230A Getting Started with Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting Organization

Follow the flowgraph in Figure 4-1 to help direct you to the correct section for troubleshooting the analyzer.

Figure 4-1 Troubleshooting Organization Flowchart

Go to “Power Up Troubleshooting”

on page 4-6.

Go to “Front Panel Troubleshooting”

on page 4-16

Go to “Rear Panel Troubleshooting”

on page 4-20

Go to “Measurement System

Troubleshooting” on page 4-26

Service Guide N5230-90002 4- 5

Troubleshooting PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

Power Up Troubleshooting N5230A

Power Up Troubleshooting

WARNING

Immediately unplug the instrument from the ac power line if the unit shows any of the following symptoms:

• Smoke, arcing, or unusual noise from inside the analyzer.

• A circuit breaker or fuse on the main ac power line opens.

Check your network analyzer for evidence that it is powering up correctly. Perform the following steps and make sure that the analyzer is displaying correct behavior as noted in the following steps.

Step 1. Disconnect all peripherals and plug in the network analyzer. Before the analyzer

is powered on, the line switch should glow yellow and no other lights should be on.

Step 2. Turn on the network analyzer.

• The line switch should glow green.

• The fans should be audible.

• The display should flash and then show the hardware boot-up sequence. This process checks the RAM and communication with the hard disk drive. These checks return an error message if a problem is detected.

• The Windows 2000 operating system should start.

• The network analyzer measurement interface should open with an S

measurement displayed.

Step 3. If the analyzer powers up correctly, continue troubleshooting with “Front Panel

Troubleshooting” on page 4-16.

Step 4. If the analyzer does not power up correctly, follow these troubleshooting steps:

• If the line switch does not glow or the fans are not operating (audible), go to

“Power Supply Check” on page 4-7.

• If you cannot hear the fans operating, go to “If the Fans Are Not Operating” on

page 4-11.

• If the line switch glows green and the fans are operating (audible), but the display remains dark, go to “Troubleshooting LCD Display Problems” on

page 4-12.

• If the instrument appears to abort the network analyzer measurement interface process, contact Agilent. Refer to “Contacting Agilent” on page 2-10.

4-6 Service Guide N5230-90002

PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers Troubleshooting

N5230A Power Up Troubleshooting

Power Supply Check

NOTE

There are no fuses to replace within the power supply. If you determine that the power supply is the failed assembly, replace the power supply.

A catastrophic failure in the power supply can be determined by observing the line switch, and by measuring the probe power at the front-panel Probe Power connectors:

1. Ensure that the instrument is plugged in with the power switch in the standby position (power not switched on). Verify that the line switch glows yellow. A line switch that glows yellow indicates that the +15 VDC line (P15 STB) is providing enough voltage to light the LED. (The actual voltage may not be +15 VDC.)

2. Turn on the instrument power and verify that the line switch glows yellow. When the line switch glows, it is an indication that the power supply has received an “ON” command and that the +5.2 VDC supply can supply enough current to light, at least, these lamps.

3. The front-panel probe power-connector can be used to check the +15 VDC and

−12.5 VDC (−15 VDC) supplies. The −12.5 VDC is produced by post regulating the

−15 VDC supply. Refer to Figure 4-2 for a diagram of the probe power connector.

Figure 4-2 Probe Power Connector

PROBE POWER

+15 V

-12.6 V

sa869a

If all of these supply voltages are missing, it is likely that the problem is either a defective A4 power supply, or another assembly is loading down the A4 power supply. Continue with

“If All Supply Voltages Are Missing” on page 4-9, to determine the cause of the problem.

If the line switch is lit correctly, and the probe power voltages are as listed in Table 4-1 on

page 4-9, the power supply has not suffered a catastrophic failure; however, the power

supply could still be at fault. Continue with the next section to measure the individual voltage supplies.

Service Guide N5230-90002 4- 7

Troubleshooting PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

Power Up Troubleshooting N5230A

Measure the Individual Voltage Supplies

WARNING

The instrument contains potentially hazardous voltages. Refer to the safety symbols provided on the instrument and in “General Safety

Considerations” on page 1-3 before operating the unit with the cover

removed. Make sure that the safety instructions are strictly followed. Failure to do so can result in personal injury or loss of life.

To measure the power supply voltages, it is necessary to remove the instrument’s outer and inner covers. Refer to “Removing the Covers” on page 7-6 for removal procedures. Use the E8356-60021 extender board to measure the individual power supply voltages. Insert the extender board into an empty slot next to the A6 signal processing ADC module (SPAM) board.

NOTE

If any one individual voltage supply from the A4 power supply develops an over-voltage or over-current problem, all supplies are affected. The supply goes into a “burp” mode characterized by the supplies cycling on and off at a low voltage level. The cause of the over-voltage or over-current condition can be the A4 power supply itself, or any assembly to which the A4 power supply provides voltage. To isolate the cause of “burp” mode, continue to the assembly removal process as described in the section titled “If All Supply

Voltages Are Missing” on page 4-9.

On the extender board, measure the power supply voltages using a digital multi-meter. Refer to Figure 4-3 for the power supply test points on the extender board. Use the point marked “GND” for the ground connection. Refer to Table 4-1 on page 4-9 for the correct voltages.

Figure 4-3 E8356-60021 Synthesizer/Reference Extender Measurement Points

4-8 Service Guide N5230-90002

PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers Troubleshooting

N5230A Power Up Troubleshooting

Table 4-1 Extender Board Measurement Points

Measurement

Location

A +5V power supply DMM +5.0 285

B -15V power supply DMM -15.0 12.7 k

C -5V power supply DMM -5.0 7.2 k

D +9V power supply DMM +9.0 4.0 k

E +15V power supply DMM +15.0 3.0 k

F +15V power supply DMM +15.0 2.8 k

G +22V power supply DMM +22.0 890

H +32V power supply DMM +32.0 2.6 k

a. DMM = Digital multi-meter

Signal

Description

Test Equipment Used

Expected

Level (Vdc)

Approximate

Resistance (Ω)

If All Supply Voltages are Present

If all of the supplies have measured within tolerances, and the instrument still is not functioning properly, refer to “Rear Panel Troubleshooting” on page 4-20.

If All Supply Voltages Are Missing

WARNING

Disconnect the line-power cord before removing any assembly. Procedures described in this document may be performed with power supplied to the product while protective covers are removed. Energy available at many points may, if contacted, result in personal injury or loss of life.

You must sequentially remove all of the assemblies, taking care to disconnect the line power cord before each removal, and then measure the supply voltages after each removal.

If the missing supply voltages return to a “power on” condition after removal of an assembly, suspect that assembly as being defective.

Remove the network analyzer assemblies in the order specified in the following steps (refer to Chapter 7 for removal instructions).

1. Unplug the test set motherboard cable from the A16 test set motherboard (refer to

“Removing and Replacing the A16 Test Set Motherboard and the USB Hub” on page 7-22).

2. Unplug the front panel interface cable from the A3 front panel interface board (refer to

“Removing the A3 Front Panel Interface Board” on page 7-10).

3. Remove the A5 SPAM board (refer to “Removing and Replacing the A5 through A10

Boards” on page 7-16).

4. Remove the A6 multiplier board (refer to “Removing and Replacing the A5 through A10

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Boards” on page 7-16).

5. Remove the A7 fractional-N synthesizer board (refer to “Removing and Replacing the

A5 through A10 Boards” on page 7-16).

6. Remove the A8 multiplier board (refer to “Removing and Replacing the A5 through A10

Boards” on page 7-16).

7. Remove the A9 fractional-N synthesizer board (option 080) (refer to “Removing and

Replacing the A5 through A10 Boards” on page 7-16)

8. Remove the A10 frequency reference board (refer to “Removing and Replacing the A5

through A10 Boards” on page 7-16).

9. Unplug the A30 floppy disk drive from the A14 system motherboard (refer to “Removing

and Replacing the A40 Floppy Disk Drive” on page 7-36).

10.Unplug the A31 hard disk drive from the A15 CPU board (refer to “Removing and

Replacing the A41 Hard Disk Drive” on page 7-38).

The minimum required assemblies to power up the analyzer are:

• A4 power supply

• A14 system motherboard

• A15 CPU board

To further isolate the failure in the three remaining assemblies, measure the resistance on the extender board (with the power turned off) from the power supply test points to “GND”. Refer to Figure 4-3 on page 4-8 for the location of the measurement points. The resistances should be as shown in Table 4-1 on page 4-9.

NOTE

Make sure that the only assemblies plugged in are the three minimum required assemblies listed above.

Check for shorts (zero Ω) or very low resistance (approximately 1 Ω). If a short or low resistance is measured, isolate each of the remaining three boards in the following order, and recheck the shorted test point after each board is removed. Note that the resistance may be different from that listed in the table, but you should be able to determine if the shorted condition has changed.

Isolate the remaining three assemblies:

• remove the A15 CPU board

• remove the A4 power supply

• This leaves only the A14 system motherboard installed. If the measurements are still incorrect, this is the suspected faulty assembly.

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N5230A Power Up Troubleshooting

If the Fans Are Not Operating

CAUTION

The power supply may be in thermal shutdown if the instrument has been operating without the fans running. Allow the instrument to cool down before troubleshooting.

If all three fans are not operating, suspect a power supply problem or a defective A14 system motherboard. Refer to “Power Supply Check” on page 4-7 to check the individual supplies. If the supplies are within specifications, the most probable cause is a defective A14 system motherboard. Refer to “Removing and Replacing the A14 System

Motherboard” on page 7-18.

If only one or two fans are not functioning, and the power supplies are within specifications, suspect the A14 system motherboard or a defective fan. Perform the following procedure.

1. Remove the front panel assembly from the instrument. Refer to “Removing and

Replacing the Front Panel Assembly” on page 7-8.

2. Refer to Figure 4-4. Measure the fan voltages at J1, J3, and J4 on the A14 system motherboard.

Figure 4-4 Fan Voltages

3. If the correct voltage is present and the fan connector is in good mechanical condition, suspect a defective fan. Refer to “Removing and Replacing the Midweb and the B1

Fan” on page 7-44.

If the voltage is not present, suspect a defective A14 system motherboard. Refer to

“Removing and Replacing the A14 System Motherboard” on page 7-18.

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Power Up Troubleshooting N5230A

Troubleshooting LCD Display Problems

This procedure is intended to isolate the faulty assembly when the display is dark. If the display is lit, but the color mix is faulty, refer to “A2 Display Test” on page 4-18.

NOTE

There are no front panel adjustments for intensity and contrast of the LCD.

1. If the display is dim, the backlight assembly is defective. Refer to “Removing and

Replacing the Front Panel Assembly” on page 7-8.

If the display is dark (not visible), connect an external VGA monitor to the rear panel VGA output connector on the instrument. Be aware that some multisync monitors might not be able to lock to a 60 Hz sync pulse. If the video information is not present on the external VGA monitor, the most probable cause is the A15 CPU board. Refer to “Removing and

Replacing the A15 CPU Board” on page 7-20.

2. If the external VGA monitor is functioning, verify that the front panel interface ribbon cable is properly plugged into the motherboard connector.

3. If the front panel interface ribbon cable is properly connected, suspect that one or more of the following is defective:

• inverter board (mounted on the display assembly)

• display lamp assembly

• A3 front panel interface board

• A2 display assembly

Refer to the following paragraphs to determine which of the above listed assemblies is defective.

Creating the Test Setup

For easy access to measure the voltages on the inverter board and on the A3 front panel interface board, it is best to disassemble the front panel and remove these two boards to set in front of you for testing. Use the ribbon cables that come with the boards and the analyzer as the supply source. Follow this procedure:

1. Turn off the analyzer.

2. Remove the front panel. Refer to “Removing and Replacing the Front Panel Assembly”

on page 7-8.

3. After the front panel is removed from the analyzer, isolate the inverter board by first removing the display assembly. Refer to “Removing the A2 Display Assembly” on

page 7-10. Put the A2 display assembly and its ribbon cables aside.

4. Remove the A3 board by referring to “Removing the A3 Front Panel Interface Board” on

page 7-10. Put the A3 board aside.

5. Duplicate the board connections on your ESD safe test desk top by laying the A2 and A3 in front of the open-faced analyzer. Lay the A2 and A3 boards component-side down, the A2 to the left of the A3, with the top of the boards towards you.

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N5230A Power Up Troubleshooting

6. Connect the display ribbon cable and display lamp cable from A2 to A3. Connect the front panel interface ribbon cable coming from the analyzer to the A3 board.

7. Turn the analyzer on and refer to “Verifying the Inverter Board” on page 4-13 and

“Verifying the A3 Front Panel Interface Board” on page 4-15 to test and troubleshoot

the boards.

Verifying the Inverter Board

WARNING

High voltage is present on the inverter board and the A3 front panel interface board. Be careful when measuring signals and voltages on these boards.

NOTE

To access the front panel boards for measurements, it is necessary to remove the front panel assembly. Refer to “Removing and Replacing the Front Panel

Assembly” on page 7-8.

Using Figure 4-5 as a reference, measure the signals and voltages indicated in Table 4-2 on

page 4-13. If the signals and voltages measure good, the inverter board is functioning

correctly.

Figure 4-5 Inverter Board Test Point Locations

Table 4-2 Inverter Board, Voltages and Signals

Test Point Signal or Voltage Test Point Signal or Voltage

CN1 pin 1 +5.1 Vdc CN1 pin 5 0 V (ground)

CN1 pin 2 +5.1 Vdc CN1 pin 6 +2.54 V

CN1 pin 3 39 mV CN2 pin 1

CN1 pin 4 0 V (ground) CN2 pin 5

+400 V peak sinewave

@ 38 kHz

ac neutral

(referenced to pin 1)

After measuring the points CN1 and CN2, match the results and perform the rework as indicated in the action column in Table 4-3.

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Power Up Troubleshooting N5230A

Table 4-3 Inverter Board Troubleshooting Steps

Input (CN1)

Good Good Replace the display lamp. Refer to “Removing and Replacing the

Good Bad Replace the inverter. Refer to “Removing and Replacing the Display

Bad Bad Refer to “Verifying the A3 Front Panel Interface Board” on page 4-15.

Output (CN2)

Action

Display Inverter Board and the Display Lamp” on page 7-12.

Inverter Board and the Display Lamp” on page 7-12.

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N5230A Power Up Troubleshooting

Verifying the A3 Front Panel Interface Board

To verify that the HSYNC (horizontal sync), VSYNC (vertical sync), and LCD clock are functioning correctly, measure the signals listed in Table 4-4 and illustrated in Figure 4-6

on page 4-15. If all of these signals measure correctly, suspect a defective backlight or LCD.

The backlight is the most probable cause.

CAUTION

Be careful not to short connector pins together when measuring these signals.

Table 4-4 A3 Front Panel Interface Board, Voltages and Signals

Signal Type Te s t Point Volt a g e Signal

HSYNC J2 pin 3 0 to +3 V 30.8 kHz square wave

VSYNC J2 pin 4 0 to +3 V 60 Hz square wave

CLOCK J2 pin 27 0 to +3.4 V pk-to-pk 25 MHz sine wave

Figure 4-6 Verifying HSYNC, VSYNC, and LCD Clock

If any of the three signal types is incorrect, replace the A3 front panel interface board. Refer to “Removing the A3 Front Panel Interface Board” on page 7-10.

If all of the signal types are correct, replace the A2 display assembly. Refer to “Removing

the A2 Display Assembly” on page 7-10.

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Front Panel Troubleshooting N5230A

Front Panel Troubleshooting

The front panel assembly consists of the A1 keypad, A2 display, and the A3 front panel interface. The following tests verify the operation of the front panel assembly when the analyzer is in the measurement mode. If the instrument fails to power up correctly, or it is difficult to verify due to a faulty display, refer to “Power Up Troubleshooting” on page 4-6.

Refer to the following sections to verify the operation of the noted assemblies.

• “A1 Front Panel Keypad and RPG Test” below

• “A2 Display Test” on page 4-18

• “A3 Front Panel Interface Board” on page 4-19

—USB

—Speaker

—Probe Power

If all assemblies are working correctly, continue troubleshooting with “Rear Panel

Troubleshooting” on page 4-20.

A1 Front Panel Keypad and RPG Test

Test the front panel keypad by running the front panel test. To run the front panel test, perform the following:

On the

Figure 4-7 Front Panel Service Test Dialog Box

System menu, point to Service and click Front Panel Test.

Front Panel Service Test dialog box will be displayed, as shown in Figure 4-7.

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Checking the Front Panel Keys

To check the front panel keys, push each key and compare the decimal value in the Value box under Keys to the key values in Table 4-5.

• If all the key values are correct, then the A1 front panel keypad is working. If some of the keys are not working, suspect a faulty A1 keypad. To replace the A1 keypad, refer to

“Removing the A1 Keypad Assembly” on page 7-10.

• If none of the keys are working correctly, suspect a faulty A3 front panel interface board. To replace the A3 front panel interface board, refer to “Removing the A3 Front

Panel Interface Board” on page 7-10.

Table 4-5 Keyboard Key Numbers

Key Value

53 Window 69 F4 85 M/u 101

54 OK 70 Help 86 Cancel 102

57 Power 73 Calibrate 89

59 Click 75

60 Trace 76 9 92 3 108

64 Channel 80 Format 96

Front Panel Key

Tab

←

↑

Tab

→

Start/ Center

Stop/ Span

Down

↓

Display Configure Icon

Not Applicable

Sweep Setup

Sweep Type

Key Val ue

67 F2 83 8 99 2

68 F3 84 6 100

71 Trigger 87 Marker 103 Save

72 Average 88

74 F1 90 4 106 0

77 G/n 93 Enter 109

79 Measure 95

81 Scale 97

Front Panel Key

Measure Setups

Not Applicable

Menu Dialog

Key Value

82 7 98 1

91 5 107 .

Front Panel Key

Marker Table

Limit Table

Not Applicable

Marker Search

Marker Function

Math/ Memory

Key Value

104

105 Preset

110

111 Recall

112

113 Macro

Front Panel Key

+/− ⇐

Not Applicable

Maximum Window Icon

Not Applicable

Print Icon

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Troubleshooting PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

Front Panel Troubleshooting N5230A

Checking the RPG (Front Panel Knob)

To check the RPG knob, rotate the knob and check for a fluid movement of numbers in the

Velocity box.

• If the movement of numbers in the

Velocity box is not smooth or no numbers appear at

all, suspect a faulty A3 front panel interface board. To replace the A3 front panel interface board, refer to “Removing the A3 Front Panel Interface Board” on page 7-10.

A2 Display Test

The display should be bright with all annotations and text readable. The display test allows you to check for non-functioning pixels and other problems.

NOTE

What Is a Damaged Pixel?

A pixel is a picture element that combines to create the image on the display. They are about the size of a small pin point. Damaged pixels can be either “stuck on” or “dark.”

• A “stuck on” pixel is red, green, or blue and is always displayed regardless of the display setting. It will be visible on a dark background.

• A “dark” pixel is always dark and will be displayed against a background of its own color.

How to Run the Display Test

To run the display test, perform the following:

If the display is dim or dark, refer to “Troubleshooting LCD Display

Problems” on page 4-12.

On the

System menu, point to Service, and then click Display Test.

A multi-color screen is displayed. Be prepared to look for the symptoms described in “How

to Identify a Faulty Display,” and then click the

test, click the moving

Next Test button. The button moves to allow you to see all of the

Start Test button. To continue to the next

display. After the test is completed, the display defaults to the network analyzer screen.

How to Identify a Faulty Display

One or more of the following symptoms indicate a faulty A2 display assembly:

• a complete row or column of “stuck on” or “dark” pixels

• more than six “stuck on” pixels (but not more than three green)

• more than twelve “dark” pixels (but not more than seven of the same color)

• two or more consecutive “stuck on” pixels or three or more consecutive “dark” pixels (but no more than one set of two consecutive dark pixels)

• “stuck on” or “dark” pixels less than 6.5 mm apart (excluding consecutive pixels)

If any of these symptoms occur, replace the A2 display assembly. Refer to “Removing the

A2 Display Assembly” on page 7-10.

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N5230A Front Panel Troubleshooting

A3 Front Panel Interface Board

This assembly performs the following functions:

• It routes USB signals between the front-panel USB connector and the A15 CPU board.

• The speaker produces the audio output from signals supplied by the A15 CPU board.

• It supplies power to the two front-panel probe power connectors.

• It routes key pad commands from the A1 keypad to the A15 CPU board.

• It routes display signals from the A15 CPU board to the A2 display assembly.

Checking the USB Port

To verify proper operation of the USB port:

• Connect a known good USB device, such as a USB mouse.

• Wait 15 seconds for the analyzer to verify the device connection, and then check the operation of the USB device.

• If the device performs correctly, the USB port is functioning properly.

• If the device does not perform correctly, the USB port is faulty. Refer to “Removing the

A3 Front Panel Interface Board” on page 7-10.

Checking the Speaker

If no audio is heard:

• Verify that the volume is set correctly and the proper sound driver is loaded; do the following:

—On the

— Click the

System menu, point to Configure, and then click Control Panel.

Sounds and Multimedia icon. Follow the normal Windows procedure to check

the sound drivers and volume. If the audio is still not heard, suspect a faulty speaker. Refer to “Removing the A3 Front Panel Interface Board” on page 7-10.

Checking the Probe Power Connectors

To verify the probe power operation, refer to “Power Supply Check” on page 4-7.

Checking the Operation of the Key Pad Commands

To verify the key pad functionality, refer to “A1 Front Panel Keypad and RPG Test” on

page 4-16.

Checking the Display

To verify the display functionality, refer to “A2 Display Test” on page 4-18.

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Rear Panel Troubleshooting N5230A

Rear Panel Troubleshooting

Each rear panel connector is associated with a hardware group in the analyzer. You can use the data at these rear panel connectors to help troubleshoot these hardware groups in addition to testing the connectors.

The connectors discussed in this section are:

•USB

• SERIAL (RS-232)

• PARALLEL (1284-C)

•VGA

•GPIB

• LAN

Checking the USB Ports

NOTE

To verify proper operation of any USB port:

• Connect a known good USB device, such as a USB mouse.

• Wait 15 seconds for the analyzer to verify the device connection, and then check the operation of the USB device.

• If the device performs correctly, the USB port is functioning properly.

• If the device does not perform correctly, remove the non-working USB device, wait 15 seconds, and then reconnect the device to the USB port.

• If the device still does not perform correctly, remove the USB device and connect it to the front panel USB.

NOTE

• If the USB device has been verified to work on the front panel but not on the stand-alone USB port:

— Then the A15 CPU board is faulty. Refer to “Removing and Replacing the A15 CPU

Board” on page 7-20.

The rear panel contains five USB ports; one “stand-alone USB port” on the CPU board and a “group-of-four” connected to a separate hub.

If the front panel USB port does not work, refer to “A3 Front Panel Interface

Board” on page 4-19.

• If the USB device has been verified to work on the front panel but not on one of the “group-of-four” USB ports:

— Then the rear panel hub is faulty. Refer to “Removing and Replacing the A16 Test

Set Motherboard and the USB Hub” on page 7-22 for replacing the rear panel hub

board.

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Checking the SERIAL (RS-232), PARALLEL (1284-C), or VGA Port

To verify the proper operation of the SERIAL, PARALLEL, or VGA port:

• Connect a known good serial, parallel, or VGA peripheral device.

• Wait 15 seconds for the analyzer to verify the device connection, and then check the operation of the peripheral device.

• If the peripheral device performs correctly, the port is functioning properly.

• If the peripheral device does not function properly, the A15 CPU board is faulty. Refer to

“Removing and Replacing the A15 CPU Board” on page 7-20.

Checking the GPIB Port

The network analyzer uses a National Instruments 488.2 GPIB controller and associated driver software. This software includes a test utility that scans the GPIB bus and returns the status of all the connected peripherals.

To run the test utility software and check the GPIB status:

1. Connect a known good peripheral to the analyzer using a known good GPIB cable.

2. On the

System menu, point to Configure, and then click SCPI/GPIB. A SCPI/GPIB dialog

box is displayed.

3. In the for the analyzer to configure, and then click

4. On the

5. On the click

6. On the left side of the

a. Click the plus sign to expand the

b. Click the plus sign to expand the

c. Right click

7. On the submenu, click

GPIB block, click System Controller to establish the analyzer as a controller. Wait

OK.

System menu, click Windows Taskbar to open the Start Menu window.

Start Menu window, point to Programs, National Instruments NI-488.2, and then

Explore GPIB to open the Measurement & Automation window.

Measurement & Automation window under folders:

Measurement & Automation folder.

Devices and Interfaces folder.

GPIB0 (AT-GPIB/TNT) to open a submenu.

Scan for Instruments to run the test.

8. The state of all the peripherals found on the bus is returned.

9. If problems are detected, check the connections of all GPIB cables, and check all the GPIB addresses of the instruments on the bus.

NOTE

Address Information

• Each device must have its own unique address.

• The network analyzer’s default GPIB address in the controller mode is 21.

• The address set on each device must match the one recognized by the analyzer (and displayed).

Refer to the manual of the peripheral to read or change its address.

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Troubleshooting PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

Rear Panel Troubleshooting N5230A

Troubleshooting Systems with Controllers

Passing the preceding test indicates that the analyzer's peripheral functions are operating normally. Therefore, if the analyzer has not been operating properly with an external controller, check the following:

• The GPIB interface hardware is incorrectly installed or not operational. (Refer to the embedded help in your analyzer.)

• The programming syntax is incorrect. (Refer to the embedded help in your analyzer.)

LAN Troubleshooting

Problems with the Local Area Network (LAN) can be difficult to solve. Software and protocol problems can make it difficult to determine whether the analyzer's hardware is working properly, or if there is a problem with the LAN or cabling.

The purpose of this section is to determine if the analyzer's hardware is functioning properly. While the turn-on self-test verifies some LAN hardware functionality, it is limited to internal testing only. Incorrect IP addresses will prevent proper operation. Improper subnet masks may allow only one-way communication, while improper gateway addresses may exclude outside LAN access.

Ping Command

The analyzer has the built-in capability of performing a “ping” operation. Ping will request the analyzer to send a few bytes of information to a specific LAN device. That device will then signal the analyzer that it has received the information. The analyzer computes the approximate round trip time of the communication cycle and displays it. For a full test of two-way communications, a ping test should be performed in two directions.

• First: you should ping from the analyzer to the local area network.

• Second: you should ping from the local area network to the analyzer.

NOTE

In the second case, any other network device capable of sending a ping command could be used, assuming it is connected to the same network. This could be a computer or even another analyzer.

How to Ping from the Analyzer to the Local Area Network (LAN)

Follow the steps below to verify proper LAN operation (assuming you have a functioning LAN). If no network LAN is available, see “Testing Between Two Analyzers” on page 4-24.

1. Make sure the IP address on the analyzer is set properly and that it is unique. If unsure how to check the IP address, refer to the embedded help in the analyzer.

2. Make sure the subnet mask is 0.0.0.0. If not, note the current setting (to allow setting it back later) and then set it to 0.0.0.0.

3. Find and note the IP address of another working LAN device on the same network. Make sure this device is turned on, connected, and is functioning properly.

4. To ping the network device:

a. On the

b. On the

Command Prompt.

4-22 Service Guide N5230-90002

System menu, click Windows Taskbar.

Windows Taskbar menu, point to Programs, Accessories, and then click

PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers Troubleshooting

N5230A Rear Panel Troubleshooting

c. The command prompt window is displayed. d. At the prompt, type ping xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

and press Enter on the front panel or

keyboard. Refer to Step 5 for the results of a successful ping.

5. The analyzer attempts four cycles of communications with the indicated LAN device.

• It displays the time it took to complete each cycle.

• Each cycle times-out after one second if no communication is established and the message, Request timed out, is displayed.

• It is common for the first of the four cycles to time-out even though subsequent cycles pass.

• See below for an example output of a successful ping.

C:>ping 141.121.69.162

Pinging 141.121.69.162 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 141.121.69.162: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=127 Reply from 141.121.69.162: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=127

Reply from 141.121.69.162: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=127

Ping statistics for 141.121.69.162:

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, lost = 0 <0% loss>.

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms

6. The above message verifies that one way communication from the analyzer to the network has been established

7. If the subnet mask was changed in step 2, set it back at this time.

How to Ping from the Local Area Network (LAN) to the Analyzer

Reverse communication should also be verified. Determining this, though, is dependent upon your network setup and software. Generally, you need to issue a ping command using the IP address of the analyzer to be tested. For example, using Windows 95, 98, 2000 and

while at a DOS prompt, type in ping xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

. Then press Enter on the front panel or keyboard. If full communication can be established, then the computer display shows the cycle time for each of four cycle attempts (similar to that in step 5). Other software may behave somewhat differently, but basically the same.

If the analyzer can talk to the network, but the network can not talk to the analyzer, then the computer or device used from the network may have a subnet mask that excludes communication with the IP address chosen for the analyzer. Any subnet mask other than

0.0.0.0 will exclude operation from some addresses. Changing the subnet mask of a computer or other device should only be attempted by a qualified network administrator. Failure to communicate due to a subnet mask incompatibility does not indicate any failure of the analyzer.

1. The letters x represent the IP address of the other device on the network.

2. The letters x represent the IP address of the analyzer.

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Troubleshooting PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

Rear Panel Troubleshooting N5230A

If the analyzer fails to ping in either direction, and assuming the subnet masks are set properly, then the fault must be isolated to the analyzer or to the network. Contact a qualified network administrator.

Testing Between Two Analyzers

The ability of the analyzer's LAN to function can be easily tested by connecting two analyzers together using a “crossover cable” (a short length of cable with an RJ-45 connector on each end).

Some network hubs have the capability to make a crossover connection using two normal, or straight-through, cables. If this capability is not available and a crossover cable is not available, a crossover cable can be made by following the directions in “Constructing a

Crossover Cable” on page 4-24.

Set the IP addresses on two analyzers. The addresses can be set to anything, but they must be different. Make sure the subnet mask and gateway addresses are set to 0.0.0.0 and that the LAN is active on both analyzers. Connect the two analyzers together using either a crossover cable or a crossover hub.

Now follow the steps in “How to Ping from the Analyzer to the Local Area Network (LAN)”

on page 4-22 to have the first analyzer ping the second analyzer. When done, repeat the

procedure having the second analyzer ping the first. If both procedures function properly, the LAN circuitry on both analyzers is verified.

If neither function properly:

• One or both IP addresses could be wrong.

• One or both LAN states could be set to off.

• The crossover cable could be miswired.

• One or both analyzers could be defective.

If possible, eliminate the possibility of a defective analyzer by substitution of a known working unit. Once the analyzer has been proven to be working properly, concentration can be placed on the network itself to determine the cause of the failure.

Constructing a Crossover Cable

A crossover cable can be made from a standard LAN cable by connecting pin 1 from each connector to pin 3 of the other connector, and pin 2 from each connector to pin 6 of the other connector.

1. Strip away a few inches of the outside jacket insulation from the middle of a standard LAN cable that has an RJ-45 connector on each end.

NOTE

Pins 1, 2, 3, and 6 of the connectors must be located to determine which wires to cut in the following steps. Most, but not all, LAN cables use the color coding listed in Table 4-6. If your cable does not use this color scheme, you will have to determine the locations of the appropriate wires before proceeding with this procedure.

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PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers Troubleshooting

N5230A Rear Panel Troubleshooting

Table 4-6 LAN Pin Definitions and Wire Color Codes

Pin Number Color Pin Number Color

1 (transmit +) White/orange 5 White/blue

2 (transmit −) Orange 6 (receive −)Green

3 (receive +) White/green 7 White/brown

4Blue8Brown

2. Cut the wires going to pins 1, 2, 3, and 6. Strip away a small amount of insulation from each of the eight cut ends.

a. Connect the wire from pin 1 on one end of the cable to the wire from pin 3 on the

other end of the cable.

b. Connect the wire from pin 3 on one end of the cable to the wire from pin 1 on the

other end of the cable.

c. Connect the wire from pin 2 on one end of the cable to the wire from pin 6 on the

other end of the cable.

d. Connect the wire from pin 6 on one end of the cable to the wire from pin 2 on the

other end of the cable.

3. Insulate all exposed wires so that they cannot short together.

4. Label this as a crossover cable so that it cannot be confused with a standard cable.

Figure 4-8 Construction of a Crossover Cable

Service Guide N5230-90002 4- 25

Troubleshooting PNA Series Microwave Network Analyzers

Measurement System Troubleshooting N5230A

Measurement System Troubleshooting

This section provides troubleshooting procedures for the measurement portion of the PNA series network analyzer. In this section, the analyzer is used as a tool to help isolate the suspected faulty functional group. Once the faulty functional group is determined, troubleshooting steps are provided to help you isolate the faulty assembly or part.

Before you begin—consider: Where do you see a problem?

If you are seeing a problem at troubleshooting procedure, starting with: “Verifying the A, B, R1, and R2 Traces (Standard

S-Parameter Mode)” on page 4-27.

You should also consider the problem indications that are observed and whether the observed condition is a soft failure or a hard failure. With a soft failure, the network analyzer's performance has degraded to an unacceptable level, yet it continues to operate and displays no error messages. For this type of failure, performance tests must be conducted to isolate the problem. Begin with viewing the error terms as described in

Appendix A. This will help to isolate most problems. If additional tests are required, refer

to “Performance Tests (Agilent N2721A Software Package)” on page 3-28.

With a hard failure, the PNA does not perform well and displays one or more error messages. To diagnose and repair a hard failure: Refer to “Error Messages” below and perform the procedures in those sections that are applicable for your particular error message.

Error Messages

SOURCE UNLEVELED: The source ALC circuits on the A16 test set motherboard is running open-loop. For the E8362B, replacing the A12 source can correct this. Check the cable connections for W29, W30, and W31 between either the A17 or A19 MASS assembly and the A16 test set motherboard.

Preset, perform the standard S-parameter test set

4-26 Service Guide N5230-90002

Agilent N5230A Service Guide

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Warranty Statement

DFARS/Restricted Rights Notice

Certification

Assistance

Safety and Regulatory Information

Safety Notes

Documentation Map

Printing Copies of Documentation from the Web

Contents

1 Safety and Regulatory Information

Information in This Chapter

Chapter One at-a-Glance

Safety Symbols

General Safety Considerations

Safety Earth Ground

Before Applying Power

Servicing

Electrostatic Discharge Protection

Regulatory Information

Instrument Markings

Lithium Battery Disposal

Compliance with Canadian EMC Requirements

Compliance with German FTZ Emissions Requirements

Compliance with German Noise Requirements

2 General Product Information

Information in This Chapter

Chapter Two at-a-Glance

Maintenance

Physical Maintenance

Electrical Maintenance

Analyzer Options Available

Options as Upgrades

Option 010, Time Domain

Option 014, Configurable Test Set

Option 080, Frequency Offset Mode

Option 1E1, Source Attenuators

Option F20, 20 GHz Frequency Range

Option F40, 40 GHz Frequency Range

Option F50, 50 GHz Frequency Range

Option 1CP, Rack Mount Flange Kit for Instruments with Handles

Option 1CM, Rack Mount Flange Kit for Instruments without Handles

Analyzer Upgrades Available

Analyzer Accessories Available

CD-RW Drive

USB Hub

Required Service Test Equipment

Agilent Support, Services, and Assistance

Service and Support Options

Calibration Options

Contacting Agilent

Shipping Your Analyzer to Agilent for Service or Repair

3 Tests and Adjustments

Information in This Chapter

Chapter Three at-a-Glance

Before You Begin

Verify the Operating Environment

Protect Against Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)

Allow the Analyzer to Warm Up

Review the Principles of Connector Care

About System Verification and Performance Tests

System Specifications

Instrument Specifications

System Verification Procedure

Performance Tests

Certificate of Calibration

ANSI/NCSL Z540–1–1994 Verification

Non-ANSI/NCSL Z540–1–1994 Verification

Preliminary Checks

The Operator’s Check

The Test Port Cable Checks

System Verification

What the System Verification Verifies

Measurement Uncertainty

Measurement Traceability

Performing System Verification

Performance Tests (Agilent N2721A Software Package)