Agilent E7350A Operating and Service Manual

Download

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

E7340A & E7342A (2 to 85 GHz) E7350A & E7352A (2 to 110 GHz)

Operating and Service Manual

Agilent Part Number: E7350-90001 Printed in USA Print Date: April 2002

Supersedes: June 2001

Notice

The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.

Agilent Technologies makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and ﬁtness for a particular purpose. Agilent Technologies shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.

Agilent Technologies assumes no responsibility for the use or reliability of its software on equipment that is not furnished by Agilent Technologies.

This document contains proprietary information which is protected by copyright. All rights are reserved. No part of this document may be photocopied, reproduced, or translated to another language without prior written consent of Agilent Technologies.

Restricted Rights Legend

Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013 for DOD agencies, and subparagraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) of the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause at FAR 52.227-19 for other agencies.

Hewlett-Packard to Agilent Technologies Transition

This documentation supports a product that previously shipped under the Hewlett-Packard company brand name. The brand name has now been changed to Agilent Technologies. The two products are functionally identical, only our name has changed. This document still includes references to Hewlett-Packard products, some of which have been transitioned to Agilent Technologies.

Windows ® is a registered copyright of Microsoft corporation.

ii 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

What You’ll Find in This Manual…

Chapter 1 • Introduction to the 8510XF Chapter 2 • How to install the system Chapter 3 • How to use the system to make measurements Chapter 4 • How to verify the performance of the system Chapter 5 • How to maintain the system Chapter 6 • How to order replacement parts Chapter 7 • How to ﬁnd information about menus, softkeys, and commands

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems iii

Warranty

Certiﬁcation Agilent Technologies certiﬁes that this product met its published

speciﬁcations at the time of shipment from the factory. Agilent Technologies further certiﬁes that its calibration measurements are traceable to the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, formerly NBS), to the extent allowed by the Institute’s calibration facility, and to the calibration facilities of other International Standards Organization members.

DOCUMENTATION WARRANTY

THE MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED "AS IS," AND IS SUBJECT TO BEING CHANGED, WITHOUT NOTICE, IN FUTURE EDITIONS. FURTHER, TO THEMAXIMUMEXTENTPERMITTEDBYAPPLICABLELAW, AGILENTDISCLAIMSALLWARRANTIES,EITHEREXPRESS OR IMPLIED WITH REGARD TO THIS MANUAL AND ANY INFORMATIONCONTAINEDHEREIN,INCLUDINGBUTNOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. AGILENT SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ERRORS OR FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH THE FURNISHING, USE, OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS DOCUMENT OR ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN. SHOULD AGILENT ANDTHEUSERHAVEASEPARATEWRITTENAGREEMENT WITH WARRANTY TERMS COVERING THE MATERIAL IN THIS DOCUMENT THAT CONFLICT WITH THESE TERMS, THE WARRANTY TERMS IN THE SEPARATE AGREEMENT WILL CONTROL.

Assistance Product maintenance agreements and other customer assistance agreements

are available for Agilent Technologies products. For assistance, call your local Agilent Technologies ofﬁce (see“Contacting

Agilent”)

iv8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Contacting Agilent

Online assistance: www.agilent.com/find/assist United States

(tel) 1 800 452 4844

New Zealand

(tel) 0 800 738 378 (fax) (+64) 4 495 8950

Malaysia

(tel) 1 800 828 848 (fax) 1 800 801 664

Taiwan

(tel) 0800-047-866 (fax) (886) 2 25456723

Latin America

(tel) (305) 269 7500 (fax) (305) 269 7599

Japan

(tel) (+81) 426 56 7832 (fax) (+81) 426 56 7840

Philippines

(tel) (632) 8426802 (tel) (

PLDT subscriber only):

1 800 16510170

(fax) (632) 8426809 (fax) (

PLDT subscriber only):

1 800 16510288

People’s Republic of China

(tel) (preferred):

800-810-0189

(tel) (alternate):

10800-650-0021 (fax) 10800-650-0121

Canada

(tel) 1 877 894 4414 (fax) (905) 282-6495

Australia

(tel) 1 800 629 485 (fax) (+61) 3 9210 5947

Thailand

(tel) outside Bangkok:

(088) 226 008

(tel) within Bangkok:

(662) 661 3999 (fax) (66) 1 661 3714

India

(tel) 1-600-11-2929 (fax) 000-800-650-1101

Europe

(tel) (+31) 20 547 2323 (fax) (+31) 20 547 2390

Singapore

(tel) 1 800 375 8100 (fax) (65) 836 0252

Hong Kong

(tel) 800 930 871 (fax) (852) 2506 9233

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems v

Safety and Regulatory Information

Review this product and related documentation to familiarize yourself with safety markings and instructions before you operate the instrument. This product has been designed and tested in accordance with international standards.

WARNING The WARNING notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure,

practice, or the like, that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in personal injury. Do not proceed beyond a WARNING notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

CAUTION The CAUTION notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating

procedure, practice, or the like, which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to the product or loss of important data. Do not proceed beyond a CAUTION notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

vi 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Instrument Markings

Safety and Regulatory Information

When you see this symbol on your instrument, you should refer to the instrument’s

instruction manual for important information.

This symbol indicates hazardous voltages.

The laser radiation symbol is marked on products that have a laser output.

This symbol indicates that the instrument requires alternating current (ac) input.

The C-Tick mark is a registered trademark of the Australian Spectrum Agency.

The CE mark is a registered trademark of the European Community. If it is accompanied by a year, it indicates the year the design was proven.

The CSA mark is a registered trademark of the Canadian Standards Association.

Safety Requirements

Safety Earth Ground

1SM1-A This textindicates that the instrument is an Industrial Scientiﬁc and Medical Group 1

Class A product (CISPER 11, Clause 4). This ISM device complies with Canadian ICES-001.

Cet apppareil ISM est conforme a la norme NMB du Canada. This symbol indicates that the power line switch is ON.

This symbol indicates that the power line switch is OFF or in STANDBY position.

This product has been designed and tested in accordance with the IEC Publication 1010, Safety Requirements for Electronic Measuring Apparatus, and has been supplied in a safe condition. The instruction documentation contains information and warnings which must be followed by the user to ensure safe operation and maintain the product in a safe condition.

This is a Safety Class I product (provided with a protective earthing terminal). An uninterruptible safety earth ground must be provided from the main power source to the product input wiring terminals, power cord, or supplied power cord set. Whenever it is likely that the protection has been impaired, the product must be made inoperative and secured against any unintended operation.

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems vii

Safety and Regulatory Information

BeforeApplying Power Verify that the product is conﬁgured to match the available main power

source as described in the input power conﬁguration instructions in this manual. If this product is to be powered by autotransformer, make sure the common terminal is connected to the neutral (grounded) side of the ac power supply.

WARNING Danger of explosion if battery is incorrectly replaced. Replace only with the

same or equivalent type recommended. Discard used batteries according to manufacturers’s instructions.

NOTE Please refer to the 8510C On-Ssite Service Manual for additional

information (part number 08510-90282).

viii 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Typeface Conventions

Italics • Used to emphasize important information:

Use this software only with the xxxxxX system.

• Used for the title of a publication:

Refer to the xxxxxX System-Level User’s Guide.

• Used to indicate a variable:

Type

LOAD BIN ﬁlename.

Instrument Display • Used to show on-screen prompts and messages that you will see on the

display of an instrument:

The xxxxxX will display the message

[Keycap] • Used for labeled keys on the front panel of an instrument or on a

computer keyboard:

Press

[Return].

CAL1 SAVED.

{Softkey} • Used for simulated keys that appear on an instrument display:

Press

{Prior Menu}.

User Entry • Used to indicate text that you will enter using the computer keyboard;

text shown in this typeface must be typed exactly as printed:

Type

LOAD PARMFILE

• Used for examples of programming code:

#endif // ifndef NO_CLASS

Path Name

Computer Display • Used to show messages, prompts, and window labels that appear on a

• Used for a subdirectory name or ﬁle path:

Edit the ﬁle

usr/local/bin/sample.txt

computer monitor:

The

Edit Parameterswindow will appear on the screen.

• Used for menus, lists, dialog boxes, and button boxes on a computer

monitor from which you make selections using the mouse or keyboard:

Double-click

EXIT to quit the program.

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems ix

Compliance with Standards

Compliance with German Noise Requirements

This is to declare that this instrument is in conformance with the German Regulation on Noise Declaration for Machines (Laermangabe nach der Maschinenlaermrerordnung

−3.GSGV Deutschand).

Acoustic Noise Emission/Geraeuschemission

LpA <70 dB Operator position Normal position per ISO 7779

LpA <70 dB am Arbeitsplatz normaler Betrieb nach DIN 45635 t.19

Compliance with EEC Directives

See the declaration of conformity on the following page.

x 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Compliance with Standards

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems xi

Compliance with Standards

xii 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii

What You’ll Find in This Manual… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii

Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv

Certiﬁcation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv

DOCUMENTATION WARRENTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv

Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv

Contacting Agilent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v

Safety and Regulatory Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi

Safety Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii

Safety Earth Ground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii

Before Applying Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii

Typeface Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

Compliance with Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x

1. Introduction

Finding System Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

Sources of Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

System Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

Two Versions of the 8510XF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

What’s Included . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

Frequency Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

Partial Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8

Option 005 (45 MHz to 2 GHz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8

Option 006 (RF Passthrough) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8

Option 010 (Time Domain) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9

Option 230 (Line Voltage) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9

Upgrade Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10

2. Installation

Site Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

Power Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

Environmental Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

Receiving the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

The System as Shipped . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

Agilent Technologies Customer Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

In Case of Problems with the Shipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9

Safe Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9

Electrostatic Discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10

System Voltages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems Operating and Service Manual Contents xiii

Test Port Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10

Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10

Unpacking the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11

Tools Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11

Basic System Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17

Installing the Work Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-20

Millimeter-Wave Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-23

LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-23

Connectors (Port 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-24

Connectors (Port 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-24

GPIB Address Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-25

Fuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-25

Test Heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-26

Connector Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-26

Power Supply Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-26

Illustrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-26

Test Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-27

Controller / Test Head Interconnections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-28

Systems With Option 005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-28

Instruments Without Option 005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-30

Cable List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32

Duplicate Listings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32

Turning On the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-38

System Operational Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-39

Test Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-40

Operating Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-42

3. Operation

8510XF Operating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

Checking the Operating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

Measurement Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

Why Calibration Is Essential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

When to Repeat the Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

Calibration Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

Types of Calibration Kits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

Calibration Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

Load Calibration Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

Set Up the Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

Connect and Measure the Calibration Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10

Choosing Calibration Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11

Connector Sex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11

Offset Shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11

Banded Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12

Non-Banded Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12

Calibration Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13

S22 1-Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16

Standard Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20

Contents xiv 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems Operating and Service Manual

Standards Already Described . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20

Other Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20

Port Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28

RF Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-30

RF Power Conﬁguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-30

LO Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-36

LO Power Conﬁguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-36

LO Power Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-37

Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-38

85102 Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-38

Leveling Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-41

IF Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-42

Alternative 1.0 mm Calibrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-43

Broadband Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-43

Operation Using a Wafer Probe Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-46

System Conﬁguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-46

Available Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-47

Device Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-47

Types of Probe Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-47

4. Performance Verification

When to Verify . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

Materials Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

Calibration and Frequency Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

Verification Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5

General Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5

Software Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5

Software Conﬁguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6

Verification Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9

Low Band Veriﬁcation (< 50 GHz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9

CW Frequency Accuracy Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14

Materials Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14

Performance Test Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16

5. System Maintenance

Electrostatic Discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

1.0 mm Connector Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

Detector Gain Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6

Purpose of the Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6

The Calibration Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6

When to Calibrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7

Conversion Loss Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8

Purpose of the Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8

The Calibration Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8

When to Calibrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8

Agilent Technologies Customer Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems Operating and Service Manual Contents xv

Theory of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9

Signal Separation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9

Frequency Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10

The Leveling Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15

Level Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18

LO Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19

System Block Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21

110 GHz Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21

Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-37

Cycle Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-37

Hardware Conﬁguration Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-37

Firmware Conﬁguration Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-38

6. Replaceable Parts

Parts Listed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2

How to Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2

Frequency Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2

Categorization of Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

110 GHz Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4

Complete System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4

85 GHz Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7

Complete System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7

Millimeter-Wave Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10

7. Menus & Commands

Menu Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2

New GPIB Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-43

Unsupported GPIB Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-47

New Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-49

Contents xvi 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems Operating and Service Manual

1 Introduction

In This Chapter...

Finding System Information, page 1-2

•

• 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems, page 1-4

• System Description, page 1-5

• Options, page 1-8

• Upgrade Paths, page 1-10

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 1-1

Introduction

Finding System Information

Sources of Information Documents provided with the 8510XF include the following:

Table 1-1 Documents Supplied with the System

Document Part Number Description

8510XF Operation and Service Manual E7350-90001 8510XF system manual

8510C Network Analyzer Manuals set 08510-90275 includes:

8510C Operating and Programming Manual 08510-90281 A detailed operator’s guide to the

8510C network analyzer

8510C Introductory User’s Guide 08510-90290 A brief introduction to functions,

menus, and measurement setups for the 8510C network analyzer

8510C Quick Reference Guide 08510-90292 An abbreviated, pocket-sized guide

to codes, commands, and menu maps for the 8510C network analyzer

8510C Keyword Dictionary 08510-90280 A thorough presentation of codes,

commands, and menu maps for the 8510C network analyzer

8510C On-Site Service Manual 08510-90282 A detailed guide to maintenance

and troubleshooting for the 8510C network analyzer

8360 Series Dedicated Source Manual set 08360-90138 includes:

83651B & 83621B Manuals 08360-90136

08360-90137

Troubleshooting and service manuals for the RF source and LO source

Another important document is the Operating and Service Manual for the 85059A 1.0 mm Precision Calibration and Veriﬁcation Kit (the Agilent part number of the manual is 85059-90003).

1-2 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Introduction

Finding System Information

Where to look The following table shows where to look ﬁrst (and second) for particular

kinds of information.

Table 1-2 Primary and Secondary Information Sources

Subject First Source Other Sources

Installing the system Chapter 2 of this manual Chapter 9, 8510C On-Site Service Manual Using menus Chapter 3 of this manual

(also see Chapter 7 for menu maps)

Using system functions Chapter 3 of this manual Chapter 5, 8510C Operating and Programming

Measurement calibration Chapter 3 of this manual Chapter 8, 8510C Operating and Programming

Verifying performance Chapter 4 of this manual Chapter 8, 8510C On-Site Service Manual Maintenance Chapter 5 of this manual Chapters 7 & 10, 8510C On-Site Service Manual

Ordering replacement parts Chapter 6 of this manual Chapter 5, 8510C On-Site Service Manual GPIB programming Chapter 7 of this manual Chapter 13, 8510C Operating and Programming

Basics of network analysis 8510C Introductory User’s Guide Chapter 3, 8510C Operating and Programming

Types of measurement 8510C Operating and Programming Manual:

• Chapter 9 (Transmission)

• Chapter 10 (Reﬂection)

• Chapter 11 (Time Domain)

• Chapter 12 (Power Domain)

Chapter 4, 8510C Operating and Programming

Manual

Also: Supplement to 8510C Operating and Programming Manual (“Operator’s Check and

Routine Maintenance”)

Manual

Also: 8510C Quick Reference Guide Also: 8510C Keyword Dictionary

Manual

Chapter 3 of this manual

Printing & plotting Chapter 6, 8510C Operating and Programming

Manual

Using the disk drive Chapter 7, 8510C Operating and Programming

Manual

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 1-3

Introduction

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

The 8510XF is a vector network analyzer with an extremely wide frequency range. It is available in two basic versions, with frequency ranges of 2 to 85 GHz and 2 to 110 GHz. Both ranges can be optionally extended downward to 45 MHz.

The 8510XF uses the same test port connections throughout its entire range of test frequencies. It is never necessary to make and break connections in order to complete a test.

The illustration below shows the 8510XF conﬁgured for coaxial measurement; the system can also be conﬁgured for on-wafer measurement using a wafer probe test station.

Figure 1-1 8510XF Network Analyzer System

1-4 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

System Description

Introduction

System Description

Two Versions of the 8510XF

The system is available in two basic versions, distinguished by their upper frequency limits. The 85 GHz version is ordered as E7340A; the 110 GHz version is ordered as E7350A.

What’s Included The major components of the 8510XF system are:

• Network analyzer, 8510C

• Synthesized RF source, 83651B

• Synthesized LO source, 83621B

• Millimeter-wave controller, E7341A

• Left test head, E7342L (85 GHz) or E7352L (110 GHz)

• Right test head, E7342R (85 GHz) or E7352R (110 GHz)

• 1.6 meter instrument rack (E3661A)

Frequency Limits As the list above indicates, the upper frequency limit of the system is

determined by the type of test head that is included in it. The lower frequency limit of an 8510XF system is normally 2 GHz. With

Option 005 installed, the lower frequency limit is 45 MHz. (See “Options”

on page 1-8.)

Partial Systems Customers who already have the network analyzer and the sources can order

partial systems which omit those items. The partial systems are known as millimeter-wave subsystems; the 85 GHz version is ordered as E7342A, and the 110 GHz version is ordered as E7352A.

In addition, 8510XF upgrade kits are available for other Agilent test systems (see “Upgrade Paths” on page 1-10).

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 1-5

Introduction

System Description

Coaxial Conﬁguration When the 8510XF is conﬁgured for measurement through coaxial

connections, the network analyzer, the millimeter-wave controller, and the RF and LO sources are all installed in the rack. The test heads are placed on a work surface which is mounted below the millimeter-wave controller.

The test ports feature 1.0 mm coaxial connectors. The device under test is typically connected to one test port directly, and to the other test port by way of a coaxial cable (or it is connected to the ports through two coaxial cables).

Figure 1-2 8510XF, Conﬁgured for Coaxial Measurement

1-6 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Introduction

System Description

Wafer Probe Conﬁguration

For on-wafer measurements, it is usually best to remove the network analyzer from the instrument rack, and place it on a table adjacent to the probe station. This makes it easy to see and operate the analyzer.

No wafer probe station is supplied with the system; the illustration below simply shows how the 8510XF combines with a typical probe station to create an on-wafer measurement system.

Figure 1-3 8510XF, Conﬁgured for Wafer-Probe Measurement

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 1-7

Introduction

Options

Option 005 (45 MHz to 2 GHz)

Option 006 (RF Passthrough)

NOTE The 8510XF ﬁrmware does not support multiple test sets. In order to use the

This option extends the lower limit of the 8510XF frequency range downward to 45 MHz. The option is implemented by adding four low-frequency mixers, which are dedicated to the .045 to 2 GHz frequency range. These mixers are installed in the millimeter-wave controller.

This option adds a coupler, ampliﬁer, and RF output connector to the millimeter-wave controller. The purpose is to make the RF input to the controller (which is supplied by the 83651B RF source) available as an output, so that it can be routed to other devices or test sets.

The RF output on the rear panel of the millimeter-wave controller is a

2.4 mm coaxial connector. To supply this RF output to another test set, you will need a 2.4 mm coaxial cable of adequate length (this cable is not supplied with the 8510XF).

The system is shipped with a 50 Ω load attached to the RF output connector.

Option 006 RF output as the RF source for another test set, you must load the standard 8510C ﬁrmware (from a diskette which is supplied with the 8510XF).

Figure 1-4 Option 006

1-8 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Introduction

Options

Option 010 (Time Domain)

NOTE Option 010 is available only for complete systems (E7340A and E7350A).

Option 230

This option makes it possible to use the 8510XF in time domain mode. The option is implemented through modiﬁcation of the network analyzer operating system.

This option conﬁgures the 8510XF for 220/240 line voltage operation.

(Line Voltage)

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 1-9

Introduction

Upgrade Paths

Kits are available for upgrading another type of 8510C test system to an 8510XF system, as described below.

Upgrade Kits for the

85107A/B

Table 1-3 Contents of Upgrade Kits for the 85107A/B

An 85107A/B can be upgraded to an 8510XF, in either the 110 GHz version (upgrade kit E7355A) or the 85 GHz version (upgrade kit E7345A).

Item Part#

Millimeter-wave controller E7341A Left test head E7342L (85 GHz)

or E7352L (110 GHz)

Right test head E7342R (85 GHz)

or E7352R (110 GHz) LO source 83621B Rack ﬂange kit for LO source 83621B #913 8510XF operating & service manual E7350-90001 E7345A/E7355A upgrade kit installation manual E7350-90003 8510XF system software on diskette E7340-10001 8 chips for expanding non-volatile memory in the 8510C 1818-4075

NOTE The upgrade kits for the 85107A/B can also be used for an 85109C system

which lacks Option 002. To upgrade an 85109C with Option 002, see the upgrade kit described on page 1-12).

1-10 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Introduction

Upgrade Paths

Upgrade Kits for the

85106C/D

Table 1-4 Contents of Upgrade Kits for the 85106C/D

An 85106C/D can be upgraded to an 8510XF, in either the 110 GHz version (upgrade kit E7356A) or the 85 GHz version (upgrade kit E7346A).

Item Part#

Millimeter-wave controller E7341A Left test head E7342L (85 GHz)

or E7352L (110 GHz)

Right test head E7342R (85 GHz)

or E7352R (110 GHz) RF source 83651B Rack ﬂange kit for RF source 83651B #913 8510XF operating & service manual E7350-90001 E7346A/E7356A upgrade kit installation manual E7350-90004 8510XF system software on diskette E7340-10001 8 chips for expanding non-volatile memory in the 8510C 1818-4075

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 1-11

Introduction

Upgrade Paths

Upgrade Kits for the

85109C

(With Option 002)

Table 1-5 Contents of Upgrade Kits for the 85109C

An 85109C with Option 002 can be upgraded to an 8510XF, in either the 110 GHz version (upgrade kit E7357A) or the 85 GHz version (upgrade kit E7347A).

Item Part#

Millimeter-wave controller E7341A Left test head E7342L (85 GHz)

or E7352L (110 GHz)

Right test head E7342R (85 GHz)

or E7352R (110 GHz) 8510XF operating & service manual E7350-90001 E7347A/E7357A upgrade kit installation manual E7350-90005 8510XF system software on diskette E7340-10001 8 chips for expanding non-volatile memory in the 8510C 1818-4075

NOTE To upgrade an 85109C which lacks Option 002, see the upgrade kit

described on page 1-10.

1-12 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

2 Installation

In This Chapter...

Site Preparation, page 2-2 Power Requirements, page 2-2 Environmental Requirements, page 2-3 Receiving the System, page 2-5 Precautions, page 2-9 Unpacking the System, page 2-11 Basic System Conﬁgurations, page 2-17 Millimeter-Wave Controller, page 2-23 Test Heads, page 2-26 Controller / Test Head Interconnections, page 2-28 Cable List, page 2-32 Other Connections and Settings, page 2-37 Turning On the System, page 2-38 System Operational Test, page 2-39 Operating Notes, page 2-42

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 2-1

Installation

Site Preparation

Power Requirements Before installing the system, be sure that the required ac power is available

at all necessary locations.

• Three-wire power cables (which provide a safety ground) must be used

with all instruments.

• Air-conditioningequipment (or other motor-operated equipment) should

not be placed on the same ac line that powers the system.

• The table below lists the maximum VA ratings and BTU/hour ratings for

all instruments in the system. This table can be used to determine both the electrical requirements and the air conditioning requirements of the system.

Table 2-1 Power requirements of the system

Standard Equipment

Instrument Maximum VA Rating Maximum BTU/hour

85101C display processor 250 850 85102B IF detector 210 714 83621B synthesized source (LO) 400 1360 83651B synthesized source (RF) 400 1360 E7341A millimeter-wave controller 500 1700 E7342L left test head (85 GHz)

or E7352L left test head (110 GHz) E7342R right test head (85 GHz)

or E7352R right test head (110 GHz) Total 1760 5984

NOTES:

(1) Values are based on 120 Vac supplied to each instrument at 60 Hz. (2) The millimeter-wave controller supplies power to the test heads.

(powered from controller) (powered from controller)

2-2 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Installation

Site Preparation

Environmental Requirements

The environmental requirements of the system are listed in the table below. Note that these requirements are the same as those of the 8510C Network Analyzer.

Table 2-2 Environmental Requirements

Temperature (Operation) 5 °C to 40 °C (41 °F to 104 °F) Temperature (Storage) −40 Temperature (Measurement Calibration) 20 Temperature (Performance Veriﬁcation) Temperature must be within 1

Relative Humidity (Operation) 5% to 95% at 40 Relative Humidity (Storage) 5% to 95% at 65 Pressure Altitude (Operation or Storage) Less than 4600 meters (~15,000 feet)

System heating and cooling

°C to +65 °C (-40 °F to +158 °F)

°C to 26 °C (68 °F to 79 °F)

°C (1.8 °F) of the

temperature at which the measurement calibration was performed.

°C or less (non-condensing)

Install air conditioning and heating, if necessary to maintain the ambient temperature within the appropriate range (as given in the table above). Air conditioning capacity must be consistent with the BTU ratings given in the table under “Power Requirements” on page 2-2.

Required conditions for accuracy-enhanced measurement

Accuracy-enhanced (error-corrected) measurements require the ambient temperature of the 8510XF to be maintained within ±1°C of the ambient temperature at calibration.

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 2-3

Installation

Site Preparation

Weight and dimensions

The table below shows the maximum weight and dimensions of the 8510XF system, as installed in the system rack, with the test heads on an attached work surface.

Table 2-3 System Weight and Dimensions

Weight Height Width Depth

280.3 kg (618 lbs) 162 cm (63.8 in) Rack only: 60 cm (23.6 in) Plus work surface: 100 cm (39.4 in)

The table below shows the weight and dimensions of a single test head (left or right):

Table 2-4 Test Head Weight and Dimensions

Test Head Model Weight Height Width Depth

E7342 L/R 9.07 kg

(20 lb)

E7352 L/R 9.75 kg

(21.5 lb)

18.5 cm (7.3 in)

Rack Only: 90.5 cm (35.6 in) Plus work surface: 145.4 cm (57.3 in)

24.7 cm (9.7 in)

31.4 cm (12.4 in)

Figure 2-1 Testhead Footprint Dimensions for Mounting (left or right)

2-4 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Installation

Receiving the System

The System as Shipped The 8510XF system will arrive with all rack components and instruments

installed and cabled in the system cabinet. The system cabinet is shipped upright in a special crate (as illustrated in “Unpacking the System” on

page 2-11). The work surface is included in the system cabinet packaging.

The test heads are packaged separately from the system cabinet, in two padded cartons.

When the entire shipment has arrived, contact your nearest Agilent Technologies ofﬁce to arrange for system installation, if installation is available in your area (see “Contacting Agilent”).

Agilent Technologies Customer Engineering

In Case of Problems with the Shipment

An Agilent Technologies Customer Engineer will be assigned to help you install the system. During installation, the Customer Engineer will do the following:

• Uncrate the system cabinet (see “Unpacking the System” on page 2-11).

• Complete the system checklist (see “System Checklists” on page 2-7).

• Assemble the work surface and connect it to the system cabinet.

• Install the test heads.

• Verify that the GPIB addresses are set properly and power up the

system.

• Run a performance veriﬁcation of the system, which includes a

measurement calibration.

• Provide user training for one engineer.

If the shipment is damaged or incomplete, notify the nearest Agilent Technologies ofﬁce. If the shipping container is damaged or the packaging material shows signs of stress, notify the carrier as well as the Agilent Technologies Customer Engineer. Keep the shipping materials for the carrier’s inspection. Agilent Technologies will arrange for repair or replacement of damaged equipment without waiting for a claim settlement from the carrier.

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 2-5

Installation

Receiving the System

Shipping Containers Keep the shipping containers in one area until the system checklist has been

completed. This makes it easier to verify that everything ordered has been shipped.

Keep the containers, and all packing materials, until the entire shipment has been veriﬁed for completeness, and the system has been checked mechanically and electrically. The crate may be used one more time only to ship the 8510XF cabinet.

If you need to ship your 8510XF system, repackage it in its original shipping crate. Make all surface shipments via padded van with an air suspension ride.

CAUTION Regardless of the crate style, all surface shipments must be made via padded

van (air suspension ride). Surface shipments in vehicles without air

suspension may result in damage to the system components, cabinet, and shipping crate.

2-6 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Installation

Receiving the System

System Checklists Usethe tables below to verify that the shipment is complete. These are items

that are supplied (as indicated below) with E7340A or E7350A complete systems only. For a list of items supplied with upgrade kits see “Upgrade

Paths” on page 1-10 through page 1-12.

Standard Items Items that are supplied with all 8510XF (E7340A or E7350A) systems are

listed in Table 2-5.

Table 2-5 8510XF System Checklist (Standard Items)

✔

Equipment Serial Number

8510C network analyzer 83621B synthesized source (LO source), with

83621B #913 rack ﬂange kit 83651B synthesized source (RF source), with

83651B #913 rack ﬂange kit Millimeter-wave controller & test heads --

see “Optional/Variable Items” on page 2-8 E3661A system rack (1.6 meter) Cables (for a complete list of cables supplied with the system,

see “Cable List” on page 2-32). E7340-10001 (8510XF ﬁrmware diskette) N/A System manual:

8510XF Operating and Service Manual, E7350-90001 Network analyzer manuals:

8510C Manual set 08510-90275 Source manuals:

83651B & 83621B Manual set 08360-90138

See page 2-8

N/A

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 2-7

Installation

Receiving the System

Optional/Variable Items Table 2-6 lists those items that are supplied only if the applicable frequency

range or option has been ordered with the 8510XF (E7340A or E7350A) system.

Table 2-6 8510XF System Checklist (Optional/Variable Items)

Equipment Included In Serial Number

✔

Left test head: E7342L E7352L

Right test head: E7342R E7352R

Millimeter-wave controller: E7341A E7341A #005 E7341A #006 E7341A #056

Systems to 85 GHz Systems to 110 GHz

Systems without options Systems with Option 005 Systems with Option 006

Systems with Options 005 & 006 8510C #010 (time domain option for network analyzer) Systems with Option 010 85106-60038 (1 meter table top) E7340A and E7350A complete systems N/A

2-8 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Installation

Precautions

Safe Installation Install the system so that the ON/OFF switch is readily identiﬁable and is

easily reached by the operator. The ON/OFF switch or the detachable power cord is the system disconnecting device. It disconnects the mains circuits from the mains supply before other parts of the system. Alternatively, an externally installed switch or circuit breaker (which is readily identiﬁable and is easily reached by the operator) may be used as a disconnecting device.

Install the system according to the enclosure protection provided:

• The system protects against ﬁnger access to hazardous parts within the

enclosure.

• The system does not protect against the ingress of water.

CAUTION This product is designed for use in Installation Category II and Pollution

Degree 2 per IEC 1010 and 664 respectively.

CAUTION Always use the three-prong ac power cord supplied with this product.

Failure to insure adequate earth grounding by not using this cord may cause product damage.

CAUTION Before switching on the system, make sure that the correct fuse is installed,

and that the supply voltage is in the speciﬁed range.

CAUTION Ventilation requirements:

Convection in and out of the system cabinet must not be restricted. The ambient temperature (outside the cabinet) must be less than the maximum operating temperature of the system by 4°C for every 100 watts dissipated in the cabinet. If the total power dissipated in the cabinet is greater than 800 watts, then forced convection must be used.

WARNING This is a Safety Class 1 Product (provided with a protective earthing ground

incorporated in the power cord). The mains plug shall only be inserted in a socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact. Any interruption of the protective conductor inside or outside the product is likely to make the product dangerous. Intentional interruption is prohibited.

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 2-9

Installation

Precautions

WARNING If this product is not used as speciﬁed, the protection provided by the

equipmentcould be impaired.This product must be usedin a normal condition (in which all means for protection are intact) only.

Electrostatic Discharge

CAUTION The millimeter-wave controller and the test heads are sensitive to

electrostatic discharge (ESD). Ground your work station before unpacking and installing the test heads. See “Electrostatic Discharge” on page 5-2 for more information.

System Voltages All instruments in the 8510XF system must be set to the same voltage as the

system rack (either 120 Vac or 220 Vac). 120 Vac is the factory setting.

CAUTION The cabinet fans may be permanently damaged if a 120V system is plugged

into a 220V ac power outlet. The cabinet fans can be wired for either 120V or 220V, but not both. Therefore, a system wired for 120V operation cannot be switched to 230V operation simply by changing the voltage selection switches on individual instruments.

Test Port Inputs

CAUTION Input power to the test ports must not exceed +27 dBm. Input power in

excess of this level will damage expensive components. Observe proper precautions, especially when measuring ampliﬁers with gains of 20 dB or greater.

Cleaning

WARNING To prevent electrical shock, disconnect the E734X/E735X mains before

cleaning. Use a dry cloth or one slightly dampened with water to clear the external case parts. Do not attempt to clean internally.

2-10 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Installation

Unpacking the System

Tools Required • 9/16 inch wrench or adjustable-end wrench

• Screwdriver (to pry off packing clamps)

CAUTION When you remove the clamps from the packing crates, be careful not to bend

them; they may be reused when the system is repacked.

Figure 2-2 The Outer Packing Crate

NOTE The ﬁgures show a double rack crate. The unpacking procedure is essentially

the same for either a single rack or a double rack crate (differences will be noted where they occur).

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 2-11

Safety Glasses

Installation

Unpacking the System

Figure 2-3 Removing the Outer Packing Crate

WARNING Always wear safety glasses when removing the clamps and other packing

materials from the crates.

Remove the outer packing crate

1. Remove the clamps holding the packing crate top cover in place. Remove the top cover and set it aside.

2. Remove the clamps holding the ﬁrst packing crate wall in place. It does not matter which wall you remove ﬁrst.

3. Remove the other walls. Make sure you have people holding the last two walls in place when you remove the last set of clamps.

4. Set the loading ramp aside for now.

NOTE In double-rack crates, the heaviest wall is the loading ramp. In single rack

crates, the loading ramp is shipped inside the package, placed on top of the rack (it is a hinged assembly, shipped in the folded position).

2-12 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Foam cover

Installation

Unpacking the System

Figure 2-4 Removing the Foam Cover and Plastic Wrapping

Remove the top cover and plastic wrapping

1. Remove the foam top cover. Save the cover for possible future use.

2. Remove the plastic wrapping from the system.

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 2-13

Installation

Unpacking the System

Figure 2-5 Removing the Bolts

Brace bolts (Item A)

Brace (Item B)

Figure 2-6 Removing the Anchor Bolt

Ramp anchor bolt (Item D)

Hinged slat (Item C)

Ramp Ledge

2-14 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Ramp anchor bolt (Item D)

Ramp end flap (hinged to ramp) (Item E)

Figure 2-7 Replacing the Anchor Bolt

Installation

Unpacking the System

Unload the system

1. Pull out the two bolts (item A) from the base using a screwdriver or pliers. See Figure 2-5 on page 2-14.

2. Remove the brace assembly (item B).

3. Lift the hinged slat (item C) and remove the ramp anchor bolt (item D). See Figure 2-6 on page 2-14.

4. Place one end of the ramp on the ramp ledge. See Figure 2-7 above.

5. Insert the ramp anchor bolt and fold down the hinged slat. To secure the ramp, you may place long wood screws through the ramp and into the ramp edge.

6. Fold down the ramp’s end ﬂap (item E).

WARNING A racked system is tall and top-heavy. It is easy to tip the rack over while

movingit, which could result in personalinjury or death. Unloadingthe system safely requires the participation of four persons, and they must exercise care to prevent the rack from tipping over.

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 2-15

Installation

Unpacking the System

Figure 2-8 Moving the System Down the Ramp

7. Make sure the leveling feet are fully retracted and that the cabinet casters are rolling freely.

WARNING Do not stand in front of the rack as it rolls down the ramp.

8. Roll the system down the ramp using extreme care.

9. In case you must move the system in the future, you can retain and reuse these packing materials or you can purchase replacement packing materials from Agilent Technologies.

2-16 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Installation

Basic System Configurations

Basic System Conﬁgurations

The 8510XF can be used in either of two basic conﬁgurations, depending on the means by which the test ports are connected to the device under test.

Coaxial measurement

This conﬁguration is used when the device under test has coaxial connectors. The 8510XF test ports have 1.0 mm coaxial connectors, designed to cover a frequency range of 45 MHz to 110 GHz.

In this conﬁguration, the test heads are placed on a work surface which is attached to the instrument rack, slightly below the millimeter-wave controller.

The device under test is normally connected to the test ports by way of coaxial cables. It is also possible to connect the device to one test port directly, and to the other test port by way of a coaxial cable.

CAUTION Do not attempt to connect a test device directly between the two test ports,

without cables. The test heads will not move freely enough to allow such a connection to be made safely.

Wafer probe measurement

This conﬁguration is used for on-wafer testing; each test port is connected (through a 1.0 mm coaxial cable, or through an adapter and another type of coaxial cable) to a wafer test probe. Contact the manufacturer of the wafer probe station and an Agilent ofﬁce for information on the cables and adapters needed to connect the test heads to the wafer probe station (refer to “Contacting Agilent” on page -v).

In this conﬁguration, the test heads are placed on X-Y positioners that are mounted to the wafer probe station.

It is usually best to remove the 8510C from the rack, and place it on the work surface beside the probe station; this makes it easier to see the network analyzer’s display and to reach its front panel controls.

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 2-17

Installation

Basic System Configurations

Coaxial Conﬁguration Figure 2-9 shows how the instruments are installed in the rack for the coaxial

conﬁguration. The test heads (which are placed on the work surface) are omitted here, in order to give an unobstructed view of the rack instruments.

Figure 2-9 Rack Diagram for Coaxial Conﬁguration

Figure 2-10 on page 2-19 shows rack cabling for the coaxial conﬁguration.

For cabling between the millimeter-wave controller and the test heads, see

“Controller / Test Head Interconnections” on page 2-28.

2-18 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Installation

Basic System Configurations

Figure 2-10 Rear-View Cabling Diagram (Coaxial Conﬁguration)

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 2-19

Installation

Basic System Configurations

Installing the Work Surface

NOTE The 1 meter table top is included in the E7340A and E7350A complete

The work surface is a 1 meter wide table top, to be attached to the system rack just below the millimeter-wave controller.

1. Extend the lock feet (located at the bottom of the cabinet) to stabilize the rack.

2. Attach the work surface support rails to the inside of the cabinet.

3. Slide the work surface onto the support rails.

systems. It is optional in the upgrade kits.

Figure 2-11 Installing the Work Surface

2-20 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Installation

Basic System Configurations

Wafer Probe Conﬁguration

Figure 2-12 shows how the instruments are installed in the rack for the wafer

probe conﬁguration. The test heads (which are placed on X-Y positioners mounted to the wafer probe station) are omitted here, in order to give an unobstructed view of the rack instruments.

Figure 2-12 Rack Diagram for Wafer Probe Conﬁguration

Figure 2-13 shows rack cabling for the wafer probe conﬁguration. For

cabling between the millimeter-wave controller and the test heads, see

“Controller / Test Head Interconnections” on page 2-28.

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 2-21

Installation

Basic System Configurations

Figure 2-13 Rear-view Cabling Diagram (Wafer-Probe Conﬁguration)

2-22 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Installation

Millimeter-Wave Controller

The front panel of the millimeter-wave controller is illustrated below. (See

page 2-28 for information on controller/test head interconnections.)

Figure 2-14 Millimeter-Wave Controller

NOTE The illustration above shows the front panel of the controller as it appears in

systems with Option 005 (.045 MHz to 2 GHz range added). If the system does not have Option 005, the four “RF Input” connectors (a1, b1, a2, and b2) will be omitted.

LEDs Four LEDs are used as indicators on the front panel:

LINE Lights to indicate that line power to the controller is ON. ACTIVE Lights to indicate that this is the active test set (useful in

distinguishing among multiple test sets tied to the same analyzer).

a1 This LED, located at the upper left of the S-parameter

diagram, is lit when the RF source is switched to Port 1.

a2 This LED, located at the lower right of the S-parameter

diagram, is lit when the RF source is switched to Port 2.

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 2-23

Installation

Millimeter-Wave Controller

Connectors (Port 1) RF OUTPUT This 2.4 mm connector provides the left test head with

the RF signal that is used for frequencies up to 50 GHz.

MM DRIVE This 2.4 mm connector provides the left test head with

the RF signal that is used for frequencies above 50 GHz (this signal is multiplied within the test head).

LO OUTPUT This 3.5 mm connector provides the left test head with

the LO signal that is used for all frequencies.

a1 RF INPUT This 3.5 mm connector is installed only in systems that

include Option 005; it receives (from the left test head) the “a1” RF input for frequencies below 2 GHz.

b1 RF INPUT This 3.5 mm connector is installed only in systems that

include Option 005; it receives (from the left test head) the “b1” RF input for frequencies below 2 GHz.

BIAS This multi-pin connector provides power supply voltages

to the left test head.

TEST HEAD INTERFACE This multi-pin connector provides paths for various

signals between the controller and the left test head (including 20 MHz IFs from mixers in the test head).

Connectors (Port 2) RF OUTPUT This 2.4 mm connector provides the right test head with

the RF signal that is used for frequencies up to 50 GHz.

MM DRIVE This 2.4 mm connector provides the right test head with

the RF signal that is used for frequencies above 50 GHz (this signal is multiplied within the test head).

LO OUTPUT This 3.5 mm connector provides the right test head with

the LO signal that is used for all frequencies.

a2 RF INPUT This 3.5 mm connector is installed only in systems that

include Option 005; it receives (from the right test head) the “a2” RF input for frequencies below 2 GHz.

b2 RF INPUT This 3.5 mm connector is installed only in systems that

include Option 005; it receives (from the right test head) the “b2” RF input for frequencies below 2 GHz.

BIAS This multi-pin connector provides power supply voltages

to the right test head.

TEST HEAD INTERFACE This multi-pin connector provides paths for various

signals between the controller and the right test head (including 20 MHz IFs from mixers in the test head).

2-24 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Installation

Millimeter-Wave Controller

GPIB Address Switch The millimeter-wave controller has an GPIB address switch located in the

lower right area of the rear panel. The address of the controller is normally set to 23 (binary 10111).

The address switch is illustrated below; the individual bits are set by rocker switches (in the illustration, the darkened side of each switch is the side that is pressed in). Note that the switch has the MSB on the right, not the left, so the selected address (binary 10111) reads, left to right, as “11101”.

Figure 2-15 GPIB Switch Setting

Fuse The fuse is located inside the line module on the rear panel of the

millimeter-wave controller, as shown in the illustration below. For 110 V operation, the fuse rating should be 6 A; for 220 V operation, it should be 3 A (or 3.15 A). Review the information on the right of the drawing to replace the line fuse or to set the voltage selector cam.

WARNING Forcontinued protection against ﬁre hazard, replace the linefuse only with the

same type and rating. The use of other fuses or materials is prohibited.

Figure 2-16 Fuse and Voltage Cam Location

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 2-25

Installation

Test Heads

Port 1 and Port 2 are in the left and right test heads, respectively. The test heads are placed on the work surface in front of the system rack, or (for on-wafer measurement), on a wafer probe station.

Connector Positions The test heads are asymmetrical with regard to the positions of the test port

connectors. When the test heads are placed side by side, facing each other, the Port 1 connector is set further back than the Port 2 connector.

It is usually best to position the left test head slightly forward of the right test head, so that the test ports are in line. This reduces strain on test cables.

Power Supply Inputs The test heads do not have their own power supplies; each head receives dc

power supply inputs from the millimeter-wave controller, by way of a multi-pin interface cable.

Illustrations The left test head is illustrated below; it is shown from the rear (that is, from

the point of view of the controller). The multiple-connector panel provides connections between the test head and the controller (see page 2-28 for controller/test head interconnections). The single-connector panel contains test port 1.

Figure 2-17 Left Test Head

2-26 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Installation

Test Heads

The right test head is illustrated below; it is shown from the rear (that is, from the point of view of the controller). The multiple-connector panel provides connections between the test head and the controller. The single-connector panel contains test port 2.

Figure 2-18 Right Test Head

Test Ports Theillustration below shows a test port. The “ON” LED to the left of the test

port lights to indicate that the test head is receiving the required DC supply voltages from the controller.

Figure 2-19 Test Port

NOTE The model number which appears below the test port refers to the

millimeter-wave subsystem, which consists of a millimeter-wave controller and two test heads (85 GHz or 110 GHz).

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 2-27

Installation

Controller / Test Head Interconnections

Systems With Option 005

NOTE The order in which cables are connected to a test head is signiﬁcant; see

The interconnections between the controller and the test heads are shown below, for a system with Option 005 (for systems without this option, see

page 2-30).

“Sequence of test head connections” on page 2-29.

Figure 2-20 Controller / Test Head Cabling Diagram (With Option 005)

2-28 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Installation

Controller / Test Head Interconnections

Sequence of test head connections

NOTE Use a 57 N-cm (5 in-lb) torque wrench to tighten the SMA connectors, and a

90 N-cm (8 in-lb) torque wrench to tighten the 2.4 mm and 3.5 mm connectors.

The connectors on the backs of the test heads are very closely spaced. Attaching cables to these connectors is easiest if they are attached in the following sequence (as illustrated in Figure 2-21 below):

1. b RF OUTPUT; SMA connector (NOTE: In systems without Option 005, this connector is not used, and should be ﬁtted with a male SMA termination.)

2. a RF OUTPUT; SMA connector (NOTE: In systems without Option 005, this connector is not used, and should be ﬁtted with a male SMA termination.)

3. LO INPUT; 3.5 mm connector

4. MM DRIVE; 2.4 mm connector

5. RF INPUT; 2.4 mm connector

6. BIAS; LEMO multi-pin connector

7. BIAS TEE; SMB connector (if not in use, should be ﬁtted with an SMB termination)

8. CONTROLLER INTERFACE (multi-pin connector)

Figure 2-21 Test Head Cabling Sequence

NOTE To remove cables from the test head, use the reverse of the sequence

described above.

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 2-29

Installation

Controller / Test Head Interconnections

Instruments Without Option 005

NOTE The order in which cables are connected to a test head is signiﬁcant; see

The interconnections between the controller and the test heads are shown below, for a system without Option 005.

“Sequence of test head connections” on page 2-31.

Figure 2-22 Controller / Test Head Cabling Diagram (Without Option 005)

2-30 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Installation

Controller / Test Head Interconnections

Sequence of test head connections

NOTE Use a 57 N-cm (5 in-lb) torque wrench to tighten the SMA connectors, and a

90 N-cm (8 in-lb) torque wrench to tighten the 2.4 mm and 3.5 mm connectors.

1. b RF OUPTUT: In systems without Option 005, this connector is not used. Check to see that it is ﬁtted with a male SMA termination.

2. a RF OUTPUT: In systems without Option 005, this connector is not used. Check to see that it is ﬁtted with a male SMA termination.

3. LO INPUT; 3.5 mm connector

4. MM DRIVE; 2.4 mm connector

5. RF INPUT; 2.4 mm connector

6. BIAS; LEMO multi-pin connector

7. BIAS TEE; SMB connector (if not in use, should be ﬁtted with an SMB termination)

8. CONTROLLER INTERFACE (multi-pin connector)

Figure 2-23 Test Head Cabling Sequence

NOTE To remove cables from the test head, use the reverse of the sequence

described above.

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 2-31

Installation

Cable List

System cabling for the 8510XF is outlined in the tables below.

Duplicate Listings In these tables, a complete from/to connection list is given for the network

analyzer, the RF source, the LO source, the controller, the left test head, and the right test head. In other words, each cable is listed twice, and can be found by looking up the connection from either end. The duplicate listings make it easier to check the cabling after installation, if a cabling error is suspected.

In the Notes column, the phrase “duplicate listing” means that the cable has already been listed once before. The phrase “factory installed” means that the cable was installed prior to shipment (generally, cables between rack instruments are factory installed; cables between the millimeter-wave controller and the test heads are not).

Table 2-7 Cable List (Connections from the 8510C)

From 85101C... To: Notes Cable Type Part No.

IF/display interconnect 85102B -- IF/display interconnect factory installed Multi-pin 08510- 60101 8510 interconnect Millimeter-wave controller --

8510 system bus

From 85102B...

IF/display interconnect 85101C -- IF/display interconnect factory installed;

Test set interconnect Millimeter-wave controller -- test set

Interconnect 10 MHz in 83651B -- 10 MHz RF output factory installed BNC 8120-5370 Trigger in 83651B -- trigger output factory installed BNC 8120-5370

factory installed GPIB 8120-3447

(Model 10833C)

Multi-pin 08510-60101

duplicate listing factory installed Multi-pin 08510-60107

2-32 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Table 2-8 Cable List (Connections from the 83621B)

From 83621B... To: Notes Cable Type Part No.

10 MHz ref output 83651B -- 10 MHz ref input factory installed BNC 8120-1838

Installation

Cable List

RF output Millimeter-wave controller -- LO input factory installed 3.5mm semi-rigid

coax

GPIB 83651B -- GPIB factory installed GPIB 8120-3444

E7340-20076

(Model 10833D)

Table 2-9 Cable List (Connections from the 83651B)

From 83651B... To: Notes Cable Type Part No.

10 MHZ ref input 83621B -- 10 MHz ref output factory installed

duplicate listing

10 MHz ref output 85102B -- 10 MHz in factory installed

duplicate listing

Trigger output 85102B -- trigger in factory installed

duplicate listing

GPIB 83621B -- GPIB factory installed

duplicate listing

GPIB Millimeter-wave controller --

8510 system bus

factory installed GPIB 8120-3445

BNC 8120-1838

BNC 8120-5370

GPIB 8120-3444

(Model 10833D)

(Model 10833A) Ext ALC in Millimeter-wave controller -- ALC output factory installed BNC 8120-1839 RF output Millimeter-wave controller -- RF Input factory installed 2.4 mm semi-rigid

coax

E7340-20075

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 2-33

Installation

Cable List

Table 2-10 Cable List (Connections from the Millimeter-Wave Controller)

From Millimeter-Wave Controller, Front Panel:

Port 1 RF output Left test head -- RF input 2.4 mm RF ﬂex E7342-60005 Port 1 mm drive Left test head -- mm drive 2.4 mm RF ﬂex E7342-60005 Port 1 LO output Left test head -- LO input 3.5 mm RF ﬂex E7342-60004 Port 1 RF input (a1) [Option 005 only] Left test head -- “a” RF output SMA RF ﬂex E7342-60003 Port 1 RF input (b1) [Option 005 only] Left test head -- “b” RF output SMA RF ﬂex E7342-60003 Port 1 bias Left test head -- bias DC E7342-60009 Port 1 test head interface Left test head -- controller interface Multi-pin 08510-60126 Port 2 RF output Right test head -- RF input 2.4 mm RF ﬂex E7342-60005 Port 2 mm drive Right test head -- mm drive 2.4 mm RF ﬂex E7342-60005 Port 2 LO output Right test head -- LO input 3.5 mm RF ﬂex E7342-60004 Port 2 RF input (a2) [Option 005 only] Right test head -- “a” RF output SMA RF ﬂex E7342-60003 Port 2 RF input (b2) [Option 005 only] Right test head -- “b” RF output SMA RF ﬂex E7342-60003 Port 2 bias Right test head -- bias DC E7342-60009 Port 2 test head interface Right test head -- controller interface Multi-pin 08510-60126

To: Notes Cable Type Part No.

From Millimeter-Wave Controller, Rear Panel:

LO input 83621B -- RF out factory installed;

duplicate listing

RF input 83651B -- RF out factory installed;

duplicate listing RF output [Option 006 only] (Optional RF passthrough output) ALC output 83651B -- ext ALC in factory installed;

duplicate listing J16 -- not used (This connector is not used in the 8510XF.) test set interconnect 85102B -- test set interconnect factory installed;

duplicate listing 8510 system bus 85101C -- 8510 interconnect factory installed;

duplicate listing 8510 system bus 83651B -- GPIB factory installed;

duplicate listing

3.5mm semi-rigid coax

2.4mm semi-rigid coax

BNC 8120-1839

Multi-pin 08510-60107

GPIB 8120-3447

GPIB 8120-3445

E7340-20076

E7340-20075

(Model 10833C)

(Model 10833A)

2-34 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Table 2-11 Cable List (Connections from the Left Test Head)

From Left Test Head... To: Notes Cable Type Part No.

Installation

Cable List

LO input Millimeter-wave controller --

port 1 LO Output

b RF output [Option 005 only] Millimeter-wave controller --

port 1 RF input (b1)

mm drive Millimeter-wave controller --

port 1 mm drive

a RF output [Option 005 only] Millimeter-wave controller --

port 1 RF input (a1)

RF input Millimeter-wave controller --

port 1 RF output

Bias Millimeter-wave controller --

port 1 bias

Controller interface (NOTE: includes IF outputs)

Bias tee (SMB) (For connection to a user-supplied voltage source. No connecting device is provided.) Test port 1 (1.0 mm) (For connection to a device under test, directly or through a cable and/or wafer test probe.)

Millimeter-wave controller -port 1 test head interface

duplicate listing 3.5 mm RF ﬂex E7342-60004

duplicate listing SMA RF ﬂex E7342-60003

duplicate listing 2.4 mm RF ﬂex E7342-60005

duplicate listing SMA RF ﬂex E7342-60003

duplicate listing 2.4 mm RF ﬂex E7342-60005

duplicate listing DC E7342-60009

duplicate listing Multi-pin 08510-60126

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 2-35

Installation

Cable List

Table 2-12 Cable List (Connections from the Right Test Head)

From Right Test Head... To: Notes Cable Type Part No.

LO input Millimeter-wave controller --

port 2 LO Output

b RF output [Option 005 only] Millimeter-wave controller --

port 2 RF input (b2)

mm drive Millimeter-wave controller --

port 2 mm drive

a RF output [Option 005 only] Millimeter-wave controller --

port 2 RF input (a2)

RF input Millimeter-wave controller --

port 2 RF output

Bias Millimeter-wave controller --

port 2 bias

Controller interface (NOTE: includes IF outputs)

Bias tee (SMB) (For connection to a user-supplied voltage source. No connecting device is provided.) Test port 2 (1.0 mm) (For connection to a device under test, directly or through a cable and/or wafer test probe.)

Millimeter-wave controller -port 2 test head interface

duplicate listing 3.5 mm RF ﬂex E7342-60004

duplicate listing SMA RF ﬂex E7342-60003

duplicate listing 2.4 mm RF ﬂex E7342-60005

duplicate listing SMA RF ﬂex E7342-60003

duplicate listing 2.4 mm RF ﬂex E7342-60005

duplicate listing DC E7342-60009

duplicate listing Multi-pin 08510-60126

2-36 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Other Connections and Settings

GPIB Addresses When the 8510C power is turned on, all previously assigned GPIB addresses

Table 2-13 8510XF System GPIB Addresses

Installation

Cable List

are automatically recalled from memory and assigned to the various system instruments, including the address of the 8510C itself.

The GPIB address switch settings for all instruments must match the addresses assigned by the system. In 8510XF systems, these addresses are set at the factory prior to shipment. For reference, the instruments and the applicable default addresses are listed in the table below.

Instrument GPIB Address

8510C 16 System Bus 17 83621B LO Source 18 83651B RF Source 19 Millimeter-wave controller 23 Plotter 5 Printer 1 Disk Drive 0

Language Switches The LANG switches of the 83621B and 83651B sources must be set to 111.

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 2-37

Installation

Turning On the System

While turning on the system, be sure to observe all of the precautions stated on page 2-9.

1. Verify that the hardware is properly connected (refer to “Basic System

Conﬁgurations” on page 2-17).

2. Inspect the test ports before they are connected to any other device (see

“Visual inspection” on page 5-4 for information on recognizing defects

in a 1.0 mm connector.)

3. Turn on power for the system rack.

4. Turn on power for all system instruments, except the network analyzer display unit (the upper portion of the 8510C).

5. Wait 10 seconds, then turn on the network analyzer display unit.

6. The 8510C begins making measurements according to the last recording of instrument state #8. (Instrument State 8 is recalled each time line power to the network analyzer is turned on, and each time on the 8510C is pressed.)

[USER PRESET]

2-38 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Installation

System Operational Test

This is a basic operator’s check, designed to establish that the system is functioning normally. It is not a performance test (the performance veriﬁcation procedure for the 8510XF is described in Chapter 4).

This test measures the power levels of four signals within the system, and compares them to the typical levels that should be present during normal operation of the system. During the test, you will measure the power levels of the four user parameters: User 1 (a 4(b

). Measured levels will be compared to the typical levels shown in

Table 2-14 on page 2-41.

User parameters are measurements of the IF input levels received by the network analyzer. (Figure 2-24 below shows a typical 8510XF user parameter test plot.) During normal operation of the system, the absolute level of any IF is much less important than the ratio between one IF and another. However, the IF levels give a useful indication that the system is functioning normally.

), User 2 (b2), User 3 (a2), and User

Figure 2-24 Typical User Parameter Test Plot (User 3, a

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 2-39

)

Installation

System Operational Test

Test Procedure Setup

1. Perform a factory preset, using the key sequence:

[RECALL] {MORE} {FACTORY PRESET}

(This sets up the system to measure across its entire frequency range, at a

2. Turn averaging off, using the key sequence:

RESPONSE [MENU] {AVERAGING OFF}

3. Connect shorts to both test ports (for the purposes of this test, any of the shorts in the 85059A 1.0 mm calibration kit will serve).

Measurement

1. Measure the a1 IF, using the key sequence:

PARAMETER [MENU] {USER 1 a1} {REDEFINE PARAMETERS} {DRIVE} {PORT1} {REDEFINE DONE}

−15 dBm RF level.)

NOTE At the default reference level setting (0 dB), the entire trace may not be

visible on the screen. To change the reference value, press

RESPONSE [REF VALUE], and adjust the value using the up/down arrow keys

(

−20 dB is the recommended setting). This adjustment will have to be made

repeatedly, because each of the user parameters starts out at the default reference level.

2. Compare the measured levels with the minimum levels shown in

Table 2-14 on page 2-41.

3. Measure the b1 IF, using the key sequence:

PARAMETER [MENU] {USER 4 b1} {REDEFINE PARAMETERS} {DRIVE} {PORT1} {REDEFINE DONE}

4. Compare the measured levels with the minimum levels shown in

Table 2-14 on page 2-41.

5. Measure the a2 IF, using the key sequence:

PARAMETER [MENU] {USER 3 a2} {REDEFINE PARAMETERS} {DRIVE} {PORT2} {REDEFINE DONE}

6. Compare the measured levels with the minimum levels shown in

Table 2-14 on page 2-41.

7. Measure the b2 IF, using the key sequence:

PARAMETER [MENU] {USER 2 b2} {REDEFINE PARAMETERS} {DRIVE} {PORT2} {REDEFINE DONE}

8. Compare the measured levels with the minimum levels shown in

Table 2-14 on page 2-41.

2-40 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Installation

System Operational Test

Conclusion If all of the measured levels are at or above the minimum levels shown in

Figure 2-14, this indicates that the 8510XF is functioning normally, and is

ready to be used.

Table 2-14 Minimum Levels (All User Parameters)

Frequency Range (GHz) Minimum Level (dBm)

<2 −63 2 to <18 −38 18 to <50 −58 50 to <75 −61 >75 −63

NOTE: frequencies below 2 GHz are rolled off sharply, owing to the characteristics of the directional

couplers in the test heads.

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 2-41

Installation

Operating Notes

Once the system is conﬁgured according to the instructions in the previous section, it is ready for normal operation. The following should be noted:

Frequency Resolution At test frequencies above 50 GHz, the frequency resolution of the 8510XF is

limited by harmonic multiplication of the RF source. Therefore, some frequency settings will be slightly modiﬁed by the network analyzer (59.999999996 GHz instead of a requested 60 GHz, for example).

User Parameters If you are looking at unratioed user parameters (al, bl, a2, b2) you may see a

discontinuity at the beginning and end of the trace, or at band changes.

User Preset You may press the green [USER PRESET] key at any time to return the network

Factory Preset To re-initialize the network analyzer to the 8510XF factory settings, select

Power Domain Default

Settings

IF Frequency Default

Setting

analyzer to a predeﬁned state. The preset function performs all necessary internal network analyzer initialization, then recalls Instrument State 8.

[USER PRESET] does not send an initialization signal to the other instruments

on the system bus.

[RECALL] {MORE} {FACTORY PRESET}. This preset initializes all instrument state

functions to their default conditions (except for the frequency range); it also initializes all instruments on the System Bus.

In the 8510XF, the factory preset default settings for power domain measurement are as follows:

• Start: −35 dBm

• Stop: −15 dBm

In the 8510XF, the factory preset default value of the network analyzer IF is

20.000017 MHz (in other words, an offset of 17 Hz has been added to the

nominal 20 MHz IF). See “IF Frequency” on page 3-42 for information about this offset, and instructions on how to modify it.

CAUTION If the operating system is reloaded, it is necessary to perform the detector

gain calibration (refer to “Detector Gain Calibration” on page 5-6).

2-42 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

3 Operation

In This Chapter...

8510XF Operating System, page 3-2

•

• Menu Changes (Overview), page 3-4

• Measurement Calibration, page 3-6

• Choosing Calibration Standards, page 3-11

• Calibration Types, page 3-13

• Standard Types, page 3-20

• Port Power, page 3-28

• RF Power, page 3-30

• LO Power, page 3-36

• Service, page 3-38

• Alternative 1.0 mm Calibrations, page 3-43

• Operation Using a Wafer Probe Station, page 3-46

NOTE The functional core of the 8510XF system is the 8510C network analyzer.

Operating the system mainly means operating the analyzer, as described in the 8510C manuals (see “Finding System Information” on page 1-2). This chapter is primarily concerned with operational information which is not found in the 8510C manuals, because it is speciﬁc to the 8510XF.

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 3-1

Operation

8510XF Operating System

In the 8510XF,the network analyzer runs a specially modiﬁed version of the 8510C operating system ﬁrmware. Some of the user menus are changed as a result, but the majority of them remain identical to the standard 8510C menus, as they are described in the 8510C Keyword Dictionary.

The present chapter includes information on the speciﬁc areas in which the standard menus are changed. A complete set of menu maps for the 8510XF, including equivalent GPIB commands, is presented in Chapter 7, “Menus &

Commands” of this manual.

Checking the Operating System

NOTE To load the operating system, use the key sequence: [SYSTEM] {MORE}

The network analyzer is capable of running either the 8510XF version or the operating system, or the standard 8510C version. You can verify that the correct version is installed, by using the key sequence:

[SYSTEM] {MORE} {SERVICE FUNCTIONS} {SOFTWARE REVISION}

The name of the displayed revision should begin with “8510XF,” not “8510C.”

The appropriate (CRT or LCD) 8510XF version of the operating system is installed at the factory; it can be re-loaded, if necessary, from a diskette (Agilent part number E7340-10001) that is supplied with the system.

The appropriate (CRT or LCD) 8510C version of the operating system can be loaded, if necessary, from a diskette supplied with the accessories to the 8510C (Agilent part number 85101-80116).

{SERVICE FUNCTIONS} {TEST MENU}

and enter [1][9] [=MARKER] to select LOAD PROGRAM DISK.

to call up the main service functions menu,

3-2 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Operation

8510XF Operating System

Menu Conventions Used in this Chapter

Softkeys

The names of softkeys are represented in italics, to distinguish them from keys that are marked with a permanent title. For example, the sequence

[CAL] {MORE} {SET Z0} means “press the [CAL] key, followed by the{MORE}

softkey and the {SET Z

} softkey.”

Menu Illustrations

In this chapter, several menus are illustrated with excerpts from the menu maps which are shown (in their entirety) in Chapter 7. These menu maps show both the softkeys and (to the right of the menu rectangle) the equivalent GPIB commands, if any.

In the menu illustration below, the softkey names (as they are displayed on the screen of the network analyzer) are shown within the rectangle; the GPIB commands that are equivalent to these softkeys are shown to the right of the rectangle. For example, the GPIB command “REFL” is equivalent to the softkey

{REFLECT’N}.

Figure 3-1 Illustration of a Menu with GPIB Commands at Right

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 3-3

Operation

8510XF Operating System

Menu Changes (Overview)

The [CAL], [DOMAIN], [PARAMETER], STIMULUS [MENU], and [SYSTEM] menus have all been modiﬁed for the 8510XF, as noted brieﬂy below.

CAL Menu The [CAL] menu is changed in the following areas:

• {TRIM SWEEP} is deleted.

• The contents of the [CAL] menu (and most of its submenus) reﬂect the

name of the calibration kit that is in use, as well as the names of the calibration standards in that kit. A calibration kit (85059A) has been developed speciﬁcally for the 8510XF; the menu maps in Chapter 7 reﬂect the contents of that kit.

The

[CAL] menu and its submenus are discussed later in this chapter (see

“Calibration Types” on page 3-13).

DOMAIN Menu The [DOMAIN] menu is changed as follows:

{PULSE PROFILE} is deleted.

PARAMETER Menu The [PARAMETER] menu is changed as follows:

{PHASE LOCK} is deleted.

STIMULUS Menu STIMULUS [MENU] is changed in the following areas:

• The submenu called up by the {POWER} softkey is substantially revised.

{ATTENUATOR PORT 1}, {ATTENUATOR PORT 2}, and {POWER FLATNESS} are

deleted. Also, new port power functions are added (see “Port Power” on

page 3-28).

• {RAMP} is deleted.

• {COUPLED CHANNELS} and {UNCOUPLED CHANNELS} are deleted.

3-4 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

SYSTEM Menu The [SYSTEM] menu is changed in the following areas:

• {PULSE CONFIG} is deleted.

• {EDIT MULT. SRC.} is deleted (but see {SERVICE FUNCTIONS} {IF GAIN} below,

which replaces part of the functionality of

{EDIT MULT. SRC.}).

• {SYSTEM PHASELOCK} is deleted.

• {POWER LEVELING} is deleted (but see {RF POWER CONFIG} and

{LO POWER CONFIG}below).

• {RF POWER CONFIG} is added (see “RF Power” on page 3-30).

• {LO POWER CONFIG} is added (see “LO Power” on page 3-36).

• {IF FREQ} is added. This function makes it possible to specify the IF

frequency (nominally 20 MHz) that is used by he network analyzer (see

“IF Frequency” on page 3-42).

• The menu called up by {SERVICE FUNCTIONS} is substantially revised:

❍ {IF GAIN} is moved to the {85102 SERVICE} menu (see below). ❍ {PEEK/POKE LOCATION}, {PEEK}, and {POKE} are deleted (but are

duplicated under the (see below).

{85102 SERVICE}and {XF TEST SET SERVICE} menus

Operation

8510XF Operating System

• {85102 SERVICE}is added (see “Service” on page 3-38).

• {XF TEST SET SERVICE}is added (see “Service” on page 3-38).

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 3-5

Operation

Measurement Calibration

Why Calibration Is Essential

When to Repeat the Calibration

During measurement calibration, a standard device with known characteristics is measured, and the results of the measurement are used to create a set of error coefﬁcients. During subsequent measurements, the network analyzer uses the error coefﬁcients to correct for its own measurement errors.

The accuracy of the network analyzer is very much dependent on this error-correction technique; therefore, the analyzer must be calibrated before it is used to make measurements.

The 8510XF is designed for exceptional stability; after it has been calibrated, the speciﬁed measurement accuracy of the system is guaranteed, provided that the conditions of measurement remain the same. However, certain changes to the measurement conditions may invalidate the calibration, as described below.

• A calibration is only valid for the frequency range over which it was

performed; if the frequency range has changed, the calibration must be repeated.

• A calibration is only valid for the number of points over which it was

performed; if the number of points has been increased, the calibration must be repeated.

Checking the Calibration

• If test port cables have been kinked, replaced, or disconnected and

reconnected, the calibration may be invalid, and should be checked.

• If connectors have been degraded by wear, the calibration may be

invalid, and should be checked.

• If the ambient temperature changes by ±1 °C or more, the calibration

may be invalid, and should be checked.

A common practice for making a rough check of a calibration is to remeasure one of the devices used in the calibration procedure (or veriﬁcation procedure). For example, if you reconnect a short that was used during calibration, it should appear as a near-perfect short, across the frequency range of calibration.

3-6 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Operation

Measurement Calibration

NOTE The shorts used in the 85059A 1.0 mm calibration kit are offset shorts.

When measured, the offset shorts will exhibit the characteristics of a ﬂush short that is placed at the end of an airline (there will be a change in phase and an increasing amount of loss with increasing frequency).

Another practice is to measure a device that had been measured with a previous good calibration, and compare the present measurement to the earlier one (if there are any changes exceeding the limits of acceptable accuracy, a new calibration is needed). For example, measure one of the veriﬁcation devices that was used during performance veriﬁcation, and compare it to the data that was taken at that time.

However, these methods give only an approximate conﬁrmation that the calibration is good. The only way to make an accurate check is to run the 8510C Speciﬁcation and Performance Veriﬁcation software, which runs on a PC or controller (the procedure for this is presented in Chapter 4,

“Performance Veriﬁcation”).

Calibration Techniques

Types of Calibration Kits

A variety of calibration techniques can be used with the 8510XF, including the following:

• SOLT (Short-Open-Load-Thru)

• Offset Shorts (Shorts with different offset lengths)

• TRL (Thru-Reﬂect-Line)

• TRM (Thru-Reﬂect-Match)

The calibration technique used depends in part on the type of calibration kit used. The 1.0 mm calibration kit (85059A), which was designed speciﬁcally for the 8510XF, uses a combination of two calibration techniques (SOLT calibration, for frequencies up to 50 GHz, and Offset Shorts calibration, for frequencies above 50 GHz). This combination of techniques provides the best possible calibration results on the 8510XF.

1.0 mm calibration kit

The calibration procedures in this chapter are based on the assumption that the 1.0 mm coaxial calibration kit (85059A) will be used to calibrate the system. This kit was designed speciﬁcally for the 8510XF, and provides coverage over a frequency range of 45 MHz to 110 GHz. (The standards in the kit have 1.0 mm coaxial connections; they cannot be used for on-wafer measurement calibration.) Refer to the 85059A calibration kit manual for more information (part number 85059-90003).

NOTE If a calibration kit other than the 85059A is used, please refer to the

documentation for that kit.

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 3-7

Operation

Measurement Calibration

The 1.0 mm calibration kit also supports two quick calibration techniques, which can be used in certain situations where measurement accuracy is not critical; for details, see “Alternative 1.0 mm Calibrations” on page 3-43.

Other coaxial calibration kits

It is possible to use other coaxial calibration kits with the 8510XF, provided that appropriate adapters are connected to the 1.0 mm test ports. However, this type of calibration will not cover the entire frequency range of the 8510XF.

For example, a 2.4 mm coaxial calibration kit could be used, provided that adapters (1.0 mm to 2.4 mm) were connected to the test ports. However, this would prevent the system from making calibrated measurements above 50 GHz.

On-wafer calibration

When the 8510XF is conﬁgured for on-wafer measurement, the calibration process must be adapted to the accessories that are being used (including the on-wafer calibration standards). See “Operation Using a Wafer Probe

Station” on page 3-46.

3-8 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Operation

Calibration Procedure

NOTE The following procedure assumes that the 1.0 mm calibration kit (85059A)

will be used to calibrate the 8510XF.

Load Calibration Constants

Before you can calibrate the system, you must load the appropriate calibration constants into the system.

1. Insert the calibration data disk (included with the 1.0 mm calibration kit) into the 8510C disk drive.

2. Press

3. Select

4. Select

[DISC] {LOAD}.

The analyzer displays

{CAL KIT 1} or {CAL KIT 2}.

The analyzer displays

CK_1MMA1A from the display menu.

SELECT DATA TYPE TO LOAD.

USE KNOB OR STEP KEYS TO SELECT A FILE.

(This ﬁle is the recommended choice for normal operation; the other ﬁle,

CK_1MMA1B, is discussed under “Broadband Standards” on page 3-43).

5. Select

{LOAD FILE}. This loads the calibration constants into the memory

of the network analyzer. A screen message indicates when the load process is complete (

FILE ‘CK_1MMA1A’ LOADED FROM DISK).

6. Remove the disk from the drive.

Set Up the Analyzer 1. Set the desired frequency range for the calibration, using the STIMULUS

keys.

2. Select step mode, using

3. Set the desired number of points, using

{NUMBER OF POINTS}

4. Set the desired averaging value, using

{AVERAGINGON/restart}

STIMULUS [MENU] {STEP}.

STIMULUS [MENU]

RESPONSE [MENU]

5. Be sure that the system impedance is set to 50

[CAL] {MORE} {SET Z0}

(If the display does not read 50.0Ω, press: [5] [0] [X1].)

6. Press

[CAL] {CAL 1} or {CAL 2}

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 3-9

Ω, by pressing:

Operation

Calibration Procedure

7. Select a calibration type from the menu. The available types are:

❍ Response ❍ Response & Isol’n ❍ S11 1-Port ❍ S22 1-Port ❍ One-Path 2-Port ❍ Full 2-Port ❍ TRL 2-Port [actually TRM 2-port, in the case of the 8510XF]

8. The appropriate calibration submenu will appear, listing the calibration standards that are needed for the selected calibration type. (For many types of calibration, the standards are listed on sub-submenus, sorted by categories such as “Shorts” or “Transmission”.)

Connect and Measure the Calibration Standards

1. The standards listed on the calibration-type submenu are all of the standards that apply to that particular type of calibration. Among these possibilities, determine which standards are appropriate to the frequency range being calibrated (and also appropriate to the sex of the test port or cable). See “Choosing Calibration Standards” on page 3-11.

2. Starting from the top down, connect the ﬁrst standard that is appropriate to the calibration.

3. Select the softkey associated with the standard, and wait for the 8510XF to complete its calibration run for that standard (the softkey name will be underlined when the calibration run is complete).

4. Disconnect the standard (unless the same standard, connected to the same port, is needed for the next step).

5. Repeat steps 2 through 4 until all appropriate standards shown on the menu have been measured and are underlined.

6. When all appropriate standards on the menu havebeen measured and are underlined, select the

a. If the menu includes a

{DONE} or {SAVE}softkey at the bottom of the menu.

{DONE} softkey, this indicates that this

submenu is complete, but the calibration as a whole is not. Selecting this softkey leads back to the menu that still needs to be completed.

b. If the menu includes a

{SAVE} softkey, no other calibration submenus

are required to complete the calibration. Selecting this softkey saves the calibration.

3-10 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Operation

Choosing Calibration Standards

Connector Sex The connector sex of a 1.0 mm calibration standard can have a signiﬁcant

effect on its electrical characteristics. Many of the standards in the 1.0 mm calibration kit have separate standard deﬁnitions for male and female versions. It is very important to use the correct deﬁnition for the sex of the standard you are measuring.

NOTE The standard labels which appear in the calibration menus specify connector

sex as “(M)” or “(F)”. The parentheses around the sex designator mean that it refers to the sex of the port to which the standard is connected (not the sex of the standard itself).

For example:

• “(M) OPEN” means an open that connects to a male port (in other

words, the open itself has a female connector).

• “(F) SHORT” means a short that connects to a female port (in other

words, the short itself has a male connector).

• Whenever a device is described as “M” or “F” without parentheses, the

letter indicates the sex of the device itself.

Offset Shorts In the 8510XF, at frequencies above 50 GHz, offset shorts are used in the

place of opens and loads. The “OPEN” category is therefore renamed “OPEN/SHORT”, and the “LOAD” category is renamed “LOAD/SHORT”.

The offset shorts that are included in the 1.0 mm calibration kit have different offset lengths. To distinguish them clearly, each offset short is assigned a number (1 to 4), and that many rings are engraved on the body of the device (that is, Short 2 has two rings, and Short 4 has four rings).

The offset shorts have different standard deﬁnitions for the versions with male or female connectors. For example, when using Short 3, the standard deﬁnition to use is “(M) SHORT3”,if the device is connected to a male port, or “(F) SHORT3” if it is connected to a female port.

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 3-11

Operation

Choosing Calibration Standards

Banded Standards Some of the calibration standards in the 1.0 mm calibration kit are limited to

a particular frequency band. Calibration standards that are limited in this way are shown in Table 3-1 below. During the calibration process, be sure to use all the standards that are needed to cover the frequency range in which you will be making measurements. Refer to the 85059A calibration kit manual for more information.

Table 3-1 Banded Standards

∀

Standard Type .045 to 50 GHz 50 to 75 GHz 75 to 110 GHz Combined Ranges “Open/Short” (M) OPEN

(F) OPEN

“Shorts” (M) SHORT3

(F) SHORT3

“Load/Short” 50GHZ LOAD (M) SHORT4

“Match” (TRL/TRM Calibration)

“Isolation” 50 GHz LOAD Load BB

1. The broadband load is a combination of a lossy delay line plus a 50 GHz load (refer to the 85059A calibration kit manual).

Non-Banded Standards

50GHZ LOAD (both ports)

Other standards in the 1.0 mm calibration kit, which are not limited to a particular frequency range, are shown in Table 3-2 below. The right column

(M) SHORT3 (F) SHORT3

(M) SHORT1 (F) SHORT1

(F) SHORT4

N/A N/A (TRM calibration is not

(M) SHORT3 (F) SHORT3

(M) SHORT1 (F) SHORT1

(M) SHORT2 (F) SHORT2

Load BB

(combine the standards shown in the columns to the left, as appropriate)

used above 50 GHz) Load BB

of the table refers to some devices that were also listed in Table 3-1; here they are used differently.For example, Short No. 3 was limited to 50 GHz as a “Shorts” standard, but not when it is used as a “Response” standard.

Table 3-2 Calibration Standards Used at All Frequencies

∀

Standard Types Device or Connection

“Response” (for S11 or S22) Choose one of the following:

• (M) SHORT3 or (F) SHORT3

• (M) OPEN or (F) OPEN “Response” (for S21 or S12) • THRU (connect Port 1 to Port 2 via cable) “S11REFLECT SHORT” (TRL menu) Connect a short to Port 1:

(M) SHORT3 or (F) SHORT3

“S22REFLECT SHORT” (TRL menu) Connect a short to Port 2:

(M) SHORT3 or (F) SHORT3

“THRU” (various menus) Connect Port 1 to Port 2 via cable

3-12 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Operation

Calibration Types

Selecting [CAL] {CAL 1} or [CAL] {CAL 2} will call up the Calibration Type menu:

Figure 3-2 CAL TYPE Menu & Equivalent GPIB Commands

All of these softkeys, except for the ﬁrst, represent different types of calibration. Each type of calibration requires its own particular set of calibration standards, as described in the following pages.

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 3-13

Operation

Calibration Types

Response This is a very limited calibration, which corrects only for frequency

response, not for directivity or source match errors. The performance of the 8510XF is not speciﬁed, if this calibration is used. To perform this calibration using the 1.0 mm calibration kit, select:

[CAL] {CAL1 or CAL2} {CALIBRATE: RESPONSE}

This calls up the response standard select menu, as shown on the right of the illustration below:

Figure 3-3 Response Menu (Right) & Equivalent GPIB Commands

Select ONE of the

Response Standards

For Reﬂection Measurements (S11, S22), select one of the following:

{(F) SHORT3} Refers to offset short No. 3 with a male connector (that

is, the short is to be connected to a female port).

{(F) OPEN} Refersto an open with a male connector (that is, the open

is to be connected to a female port).

{(M) SHORT3} Refers to offset short No. 3 with a female connector (that

is, the short is to be connected to a male port).

{(M) OPEN} Refers to an open with a female connector (that is, the

open is to be connected to a male port).

For Transmission Measurements (S12, S21), select:

{THRU} Connect Port 1 to Port 2 by way of a cable.

3-14 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Operation

Calibration Types

Response & Isolation This is a very limited calibration, which corrects only for frequency response

and isolation, not for directivity or source match errors. The performance of the 8510XF is not speciﬁed, if this calibration is used. To perform this calibration using the 1.0 mm calibration kit, select:

[CAL] {CAL1 or CAL2} {RESPONSE & ISOL’N}

This will call up the menu and submenu shown below:

Figure 3-4 Response & Isolation Menu, Response Menu, and Equivalent GPIB

Commands

Select ONE of the

Response Standards

For Reﬂection Measurements (S11, S22), select one of the following:

{(F) SHORT3} Refers to offset short No. 3 with a male connector (that

{(F) OPEN} Refersto an open with a male connector (that is, the open

{(M) SHORT3} Refers to offset short No. 3 with a female connector (that

{(M) OPEN} Refers to an open with a female connector (that is, the

For Transmission Measurements (S12, S21), select:

{THRU} Connect Port 1 to Port 2 by way of a cable.

Isolation Standard {ISOL’N STD

LOAD}

is, the short is to be connected to a female port).

is to be connected to a female port).

is, the short is to be connected to a male port).

open is to be connected to a male port).

Refer to “Isolation” under “Banded Standards” in

Table 3-1 on page 3-12.

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 3-15

Operation

Calibration Types

S11 1-Port This calibration is for reﬂection measurements using the left test port (within

those operational limits, however, it is a thorough and accurate calibration). To perform this calibration using the 1.0 mm calibration kit, select:

[CAL] {CAL1 or CAL2} {S11 1-PORT}

This calls up the following menu:

Figure 3-5 S11 1-Port Menu & Equivalent GPIB Commands

For notes on the three types of standards involved in this calibration, see the following:

• “Open/Short Standards” on page 3-21

• “Shorts Standards” on page 3-22

• “Load/Short Standards” on page 3-23

S22 1-Port This calibration is for reﬂection measurements using the right test port

(within those operational limits, however, it is a thorough and accurate calibration). To perform this calibration using the 1.0 mm calibration kit, select:

[CAL] {CAL1 or CAL2} {S22 1-PORT}

This calls up a menu which is identical to the one shown in Figure 3-5 above, except that it is identiﬁed as S22 rather than S11.

3-16 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Operation

Calibration Types

One Path 2-Port This calibration is for reﬂection and transmission measurements, in one

direction only (with Port 1 deﬁned as the source). Toperform this calibration using the 1.0 mm calibration kit, select:

[CAL] {CAL1 or CAL2} {ONE PATH 2-PORT}

This calls up the following menu:

Figure 3-6 One Path 2-Port Menu & Equivalent GPIB Commands

Notes on the Standards {REFLECT’N} These are the same standards that are used for the S11

and S22 1-port calibrations, except that in this case both ports are calibrated. The reﬂection standards are sorted into three categories:

• See “Open/Short Standards” on page 3-21

• See “Shorts Standards” on page 3-22

• See “Load/Short Standards” on page 3-23

{TRANSMISSION}

{ISOLATION} See “One-Path Isolation Standard” on page 3-25.

See “One-Path Transmission Standards” on page 3-24.

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 3-17

Operation

Calibration Types

Full 2-Port This is a very thorough calibration, which takes measurements of reﬂection,

transmission, and isolation for both ports. This type of calibration (when performed using the 1.0 mm calibration kit) combines the SOLT calibration technique (for frequencies up to 50 GHz) with the Offset Shorts calibration technique (for frequencies above 50 GHz). This combination yields the best possible calibration results, for measurement over the full frequency range of the 8510XF.

For this calibration, select:

[CAL] {CAL1 or CAL2} {FULL 2-PORT}

This calls up the following menu:

Figure 3-7 Full 2-Port Menu & Equivalent GPIB Commands

Notes on the Standards {REFLECT’N} These are the same standards that are used for the S11

and S22 1-port calibrations, except that in this case both ports are calibrated. The reﬂection standards are sorted into three categories:

• See “Open/Short Standards” on page 3-21

• See “Shorts Standards” on page 3-22

• See “Load/Short Standards” on page 3-23

{TRANSMISSION}

{ISOLATION} See “Full 2-Port Isolation Standards” on page 3-27.

3-18 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

See “Full 2-Port Transmission Standards” on page 3-26.

Operation

Calibration Types

TRL (TRM) 2-Port The 1.0 mm calibration kit does not include a precision transmission line;

therefore a TRM (Thru-Reﬂect-Match) calibration must be used in place of the TRL (Thru-Reﬂect-Line) calibration indicated by the menu title.

NOTE The 1.0 mm calibration kit only supports TRM 2-port calibration for

measurement up to 50 GHz.

For this calibration, select:

[CAL] {CAL1 or CAL2} {TRL 2-PORT}

Figure 3-8 TRL 2-Port Menu & Equivalent GPIB Commands

Notes on the Standards {THRU} Connect Port 1 to Port 2.

{S11 REFLECT SHORT}

{S22 REFLECT SHORT}

{ISOLATION LOAD}

{LINE MATCH MATCH}

{LOWBAND REFLECT’N}

Connect a short to Port 1. You will be prompted to select

{(F) SHORT3} or {(M) SHORT3}.

Connect a short to Port 2. You will be prompted to select

{(F) SHORT3} or {(M) SHORT3}.

See “Full 2-Port Isolation Standards” on page 3-27.

Connect 50 GHz loads to Port 1 and Port 2.

This standard is not used in connection with the 1.0 mm calibration kit (for information regarding its use with other calibration kits, see the manuals for those kits).

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 3-19

Operation

Standard Types

Standards Already Described

Some of the standards have already been described, in connection with the calibration types with which they are associated.

• Response standards (required for Response calibrations) are described

on page 3-14.

• Response & Isolation standards (required for Response & Isolation

calibrations) are described on page 3-15.

• TRM standards (required for Thru-Reﬂect-Match calibrations) are

described on page 3-19.

Other Standards The remaining standard types require a more detailed presentation, and are

described in the following pages.

3-20 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Open/Short Standards These standards are used to measure reﬂection for:

• S11 1-Port calibrations

• S22 1-Port calibrations

• One-Path 2-Port calibrations

• Full 2-Port calibrations

When you perform any of these calibrations using a 1.0 mm calibration kit, you will see the following menu:

Operation

Standard Types

Figure 3-9 Open/Short Standard Menu & Equivalent GPIB Commands

Notes on the Standards {(F) OPEN} Refersto an open which has a male connector (that is, the

open is to be connected to a female port). This standard is used for frequencies up to 50 GHz.

{(F) SHORT3} Refers to Short No. 3 with a male connector (that is, the

short is to be connected to a female port). This standard is used for frequencies above 50 GHz.

{(M) OPEN} Refers to an open which has a female connector (that is,

the open is to be connected to a male port). This standard is used for frequencies up to 50 GHz.

{(M) SHORT3} Refers to Short No. 3 with a female connector (that is, the

short is to be connected to a male port). This standard is used for frequencies above 50 GHz.

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 3-21

Operation

Standard Types

Shorts Standards These standards are used to measure reﬂection for:

• S11 1-Port calibrations

• S22 1-Port calibrations

• One-Path 2-Port calibrations

• Full 2-Port calibrations

When you perform any of these calibrations using a 1.0 mm calibration kit, you will see the following menu:

Figure 3-10 Shorts Standard Menu & Equivalent GPIB Commands

Notes on the Standards {(F) SHORT3} Refers to Short No. 3 with a male connector (that is, the

short is to be connected to a female port). This standard is used for frequencies up to 50 GHz.

{(F) SHORT1} Refers to Short No. 1 with a male connector (that is, the

short is to be connected to a female port). This standard is used for frequencies above 50 GHz.

{(M) SHORT3} Refers to Short No. 3 with a female connector (that is, the

open is to be connected to a male port). This standard is used for frequencies up to 50 GHz.

{(M) SHORT1} Refers to Short No. 1 with a female connector (that is, the

short is to be connected to a male port). This standard is used for frequencies above 50 GHz.

3-22 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Load/Short Standards These standards are used to measure reﬂection for:

• S11 1-Port calibrations

• S22 1-Port calibrations

• One-Path 2-Port calibrations

• Full 2-Port calibrations

When you perform any of these calibrations using a 1.0 mm calibration kit, you will see the following menu:

Operation

Standard Types

Figure 3-11 Load/Short Standard Menu & Equivalent GPIB Commands

Notes on the Standards {50GHz LOAD} Refers to either of two 50 GHz loads (with male and

female connectors, as appropriate). This standard is used for frequencies up to 50 GHz.

{(F) SHORT4} Refers to Short No. 4 with a male connector (that is, the

short is to be connected to a female port). This standard is used for frequencies from 50 to 75 GHz.

{(F) SHORT2} Refers to Short No. 2 with a male connector (that is, the

short is to be connected to a female port). This standard is used for frequencies above 75 GHz.

{(M) SHORT4} Refers to Short No. 4 with a female connector (that is, the

open is to be connected to a male port). This standard is used for frequencies from 50 to 75 GHz.

{(M) SHORT2} Refers to Short No. 2 with a female connector (that is, the

short is to be connected to a male port). This standard is used for frequencies above 75 GHz.

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 3-23

Operation

Standard Types

One-Path Transmission Standards

These standards are used to measure transmission and match for one-path 2-port calibrations. When you perform a calibration of that type using a

1.0 mm calibration kit, you will see the following menu:

Figure 3-12 One-Path Transmission Calibration Menu

& Equivalent GPIB Commands

Notes on the Standards {FWD.TRANS.

THRU}

{FWD.MATCH THRU}

NOTE It is necessary to make both of these measurements.

Make a “thru” connection (that is, connect one port to the other through a cable).

3-24 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Operation

Standard Types

One-Path Isolation Standard

This standard is used to measure forward isolation for one-path 2-port calibrations. When you perform a calibration of that type using a 1.0 mm calibration kit, you will see the following menu:

Figure 3-13 One-Path Isolation Calibration Menu & Equivalent GPIB Commands

Note on the Standard {FWD ISOL’N

LOAD}

NOTE To skip the isolation part of the calibration, select {OMIT ISOLATION}.

Refer to “Isolation” under “Banded Standards” in

Table 3-1 on page 3-12.

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 3-25

Operation

Standard Types

Full 2-Port Transmission Standards

These standards are used to measure transmission and match for full 2-port calibrations. When you perform a calibration of that type using a 1.0 mm calibration kit, you will see the following menu:

Figure 3-14 Full 2-Port Transmission Calibration Menu

& Equivalent GPIB Commands

Notes on the Standards {FWD. TRANS.

THRU}

{FWD.MATCH THRU}

{REV.TRANS. THRU}

{REV.MATCH THRU}

NOTE It is necessary to make all four of these measurements.

Make a “thru” connection (that is, connect one port to the other through a cable).

3-26 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Operation

Standard Types

Full 2-Port Isolation Standards

These standards are used to measure forward and reverse isolation for full 2-port calibrations. When you perform a calibration of that type using a

1.0 mm calibration kit, you will see the following menu:

Figure 3-15 Full 2-Port Isolation Calibration Menu & Equivalent GPIB Commands

Notes on the Standards {FWD ISOL’N

LOAD}

{REV ISOL’N LOAD}

NOTE To skip the isolation part of the calibration, select {OMIT ISOLATION}.

Refer to “Isolation” under “Banded Standards” in

Table 3-1 on page 3-12.

Refer to “Isolation” under “Banded Standards” in

Table 3-1 on page 3-12.

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 3-27

Operation

Port Power

Port-speciﬁc power settings are made using this menu:

STIMULUS [MENU] {POWER MENU}

Figure 3-16 Power Menu & Equivalent GPIB Commands

NOTE The port power functions are valid only if {RF LEVEL / SYSTEM} is selected on

the

[SYSTEM] {MORE} {RF POWER CONFIG} menu (see “RF Power Conﬁguration”

on page 3-30).

Port 1 Power Functions The ﬁrst three softkeys control the power level from Port 1 (and also from

Port 2, if the ports are coupled).

{PORT1 POWER}, followed by a number, speciﬁes a power level setting for

Port 1, in dBm. If the ports are coupled, this setting applies also to Port 2.

{PORT1 SLOPE ON} and {PORT1 SLOPE OFF} are used to enable and disable power

slope for Port 1. slope setting for Port 1, in dB/GHz. If the ports are coupled, this setting applies also to Port 2.

NOTE During operation in the power slope mode, the power at the ﬁrst frequency

of the sweep is the current port power level; slope is applied as frequency increases. Power slope has no effect on CW measurements.

{PORT1SLOPE ON}, followed by a number, speciﬁes the power

3-28 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Operation

Port Power

Port Coupling Softkey #4 is a toggle key, alternately representing {COUPLE PORTS} or

{UNCOUPLE PORTS}. Pressing this softkey selects the displayed function, but

changes the display to show the opposite function. If you press

{COUPLE PORTS}, the Port 1 power level setting and power slope setting are

applied to Port 2. If you press

{UNCOUPLE PORTS}, the two ports have

independent power level settings and power slope settings.

Port 2 Power Functions The last three softkeys control the power level from Port 2. These softkeys

are displayed only if the ports are uncoupled.

{PORT2 POWER}, followed by a number, speciﬁes a power level setting for

Port 2, in dBm.

{PORT2 SLOPE ON} and {PORT2 SLOPE OFF} are used to enable and disable power

slope for Port 2. slope setting for Port 2, in dB/GHz.

{PORT2SLOPE ON}, followed by a number, speciﬁes the power

NOTE During operation in the power slope mode, the power at the ﬁrst frequency

of the sweep is the current port power level; slope is applied as frequency increases. Power slope has no effect on CW measurements.

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems 3-29

Operation

RF Power

RF power functions that are not port-speciﬁc are accessed using the RF Power Conﬁguration and RF Power Settings menus, described below.

RF Power Conﬁguration

[SYSTEM] {MORE} {RF POWER CONFIG} calls up the following menu:

Figure 3-17 RF Power Conﬁguration Menu, Submenus,

and Equivalent GPIB Commands

RF Leveling Functions The ﬁrst four softkeys specify different methods of controlling RF power.

{RF LEVEL / SYSTEM} is selected, leveling of RF power at the test ports is

If controlled entirely by the 8510XF system. This is the normal operating

mode.

NOTE The remaining “RF LEVEL” selections are provided as a convenience for

use in unusual applications; they are not recommended for normal operation of the 8510XF.

3-30 8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

Agilent E7350A Operating and Service Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Notice

What You’ll Find in This Manual…

Warranty

DOCUMENTATION WARRANTY

Assistance Product maintenance agreements and other customer assistance agreements

Contacting Agilent

Safety and Regulatory Information

Instrument Markings

Safety Requirements

Safety Earth Ground

BeforeApplying Power Verify that the product is conﬁgured to match the available main power

Typeface Conventions

Compliance with Standards

Contents

1 Introduction

In This Chapter...

Finding System Information

Sources of Information Documents provided with the 8510XF include the following:

Where to look The following table shows where to look ﬁrst (and second) for particular

8510XF Network Analyzer Systems

System Description

Two Versions of the 8510XF

What’s Included The major components of the 8510XF system are:

Frequency Limits As the list above indicates, the upper frequency limit of the system is

Partial Systems Customers who already have the network analyzer and the sources can order

Options

Upgrade Paths

2 Installation

In This Chapter...

Site Preparation

Power Requirements Before installing the system, be sure that the required ac power is available

Environmental Requirements

Receiving the System

The System as Shipped The 8510XF system will arrive with all rack components and instruments

Agilent Technologies Customer Engineering

In Case of Problems with the Shipment

Shipping Containers Keep the shipping containers in one area until the system checklist has been

System Checklists Usethe tables below to verify that the shipment is complete. These are items

Precautions

Safe Installation Install the system so that the ON/OFF switch is readily identiﬁable and is

Electrostatic Discharge

System Voltages All instruments in the 8510XF system must be set to the same voltage as the

Test Port Inputs

Cleaning

Unpacking the System

Tools Required • 9/16 inch wrench or adjustable-end wrench

Basic System Configurations

Installing the Work Surface

Millimeter-Wave Controller

LEDs Four LEDs are used as indicators on the front panel:

Connectors (Port 1) RF OUTPUT This 2.4 mm connector provides the left test head with

Connectors (Port 2) RF OUTPUT This 2.4 mm connector provides the right test head with

Fuse The fuse is located inside the line module on the rear panel of the

Test Heads

Connector Positions The test heads are asymmetrical with regard to the positions of the test port

Power Supply Inputs The test heads do not have their own power supplies; each head receives dc

Illustrations The left test head is illustrated below; it is shown from the rear (that is, from

Test Ports Theillustration below shows a test port. The “ON” LED to the left of the test

Controller / Test Head Interconnections

Instruments Without Option 005

Cable List

Duplicate Listings In these tables, a complete from/to connection list is given for the network

Other Connections and Settings

Turning On the System

System Operational Test

Test Procedure Setup

Operating Notes

3 Operation

In This Chapter...

8510XF Operating System

Checking the Operating System

Menu Conventions Used in this Chapter

Menu Changes (Overview)

Measurement Calibration

Why Calibration Is Essential

When to Repeat the Calibration