Agilent E4991A Operations Guide

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<<<<Caution

Caution>>>> The following conditions shall apply for the Visual Basic

CautionCaution

(hereafter “VBA”) equipped in the E4991A RF Impedance/Material Analyzer (hereafter “E4991A”). The

customer shall agree to these conditions before using E4991A.

User

User License Agreement

License Agreement of VBA for

User User

License AgreementLicense Agreement

1. The customer can use VBA only on E4991A and one specified computer.

2. The customer shall use VBA according to the method of use specified by the VBA manual,

accompanying documents, package, display screens, and so on.

3. The company shall not be under any obligation to guarantee that VBA errors will not occur and shall

not be under any obligation to correct VBA errors, even when errors exist. [T.S1]

4. The company, during the E4991A warranty period, shall cover any defect of the software recording

media [T.S2] inside E4991A if it results in the failure to execute VBA programming instructions, even

if VBA is properly installed in E4991A. The company shall not guarantee any other items except for

this item, regardless of indications or revelations, and shall not guarantee conformability towards

VBA products or special objectives. Some countries adopt legislation that does not recognize warranty

of VBA for E4991

of VBA for of VBA for

E4991AAAA

E4991E4991

for Applications software

exclusions of indications or revelations. In countries adopting such legislation, the above restriction

shall not apply to the customer. In such cases, the company shall allow the return of E4991A and shall

refund the purchase amount, limited to 30 days from the day VBA is transferred. The customer may

have other rights depending on the country.

5. The company shall not bear any responsibility even if it is announced that there is a possibility of

circumstantial or extraordinary damage (including direct, indirect, or carry-over profits) caused by

VBA. Some countries may adopt legislation that does not recognize the validity of limitations or

exclusions of compensative responsibility for circumstantial damage or consequential damage. In

countries adopting such legislation, the above limitations or exclusions shall not apply. In any case,

however, the company shall not be burdened with compensative responsibility of an amount that

exceeds the amount of money received for E4991A.

Visual Basic

[T.S1] If no customer support service shall be offered, we shall not guarantee that there will be no bugs

or that we will implement corrections, since proposals may be made including training.

[T.S2] We rewrote the term as recording media (i.e., HDD) since it is hard to discriminate between the

for Applications is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corp. of the U.S.

hard disk and firmware.

[T.S3] We wrote this to show that VBA is a product of Microsoft Corp.

Caution

Do not exceed the operating input power, voltage, and current

level and signal type appropriate for the instrument being used, refer to your instrument's Function Reference.

Electrostatic discharge(ESD) can damage the highly sensitive

microcircuits in your instrument. ESD damage is most likely to occur as the test fixtures are being connected or disconnected. Protect them from ESD damage by wearing a grounding strap that provides a high resistance path to ground. Alternatively, ground yourself to discharge any static charge built-up by touching the outer shell of any grounded instrument chassis before touching the test port connectors.

E4991A

Safety Summary

When you notice any of the unusual conditions listed below, immediately terminate operation and disconnect the power cable. Contact your local Agilent Technologies sales representative or authorized service company for repair of the instrument. If you continue to operate without repairing the instrument, there is a potential fire or shock hazard for the operator.

n Instrument operates abnormally. n Instrument emits abnormal noise, smell, smoke or a spark-like light

during the operation.

n Instrument generates high temperature or electrical shock during

operation.

n Power cable, plug, or receptacle on instrument is damaged. n Foreign substance or liquid has fallen into the instrument.

Agilent E4991A RF Impedance/Material Analyzer

Operation Manual

Fifth Edition

SERIAL NUMBERS

This manual applies directly to instruments that don’t have serial number prefix JP1KH.

For additional information about serial numbers, see Appendix A.

Agilent Part No. E4991-90050

March 2003

Printed in Japan

Notices

The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.

This document contains proprietary information that is protected by copyright. All rights are reserved. No part of this document may be photocopied, reproduced, or translated to another language without the prior written consent of Agilent Technologies.

Agilent Technologies Japan, Ltd.

Component Test PGU-Kobe

1-3-2, Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2241 Japan

Manual Printing History

The manual’s printing date and part number indicate its current edition. The printing date changes when a new edition is printed (minor corrections and updates that are incorporated at reprint do not cause the date to change). The manual part number changes when extensive technical changes are incorporated.

March 2001 Preliminary (part number: E4991-90000)

April 2001 First Edition (part number: E4991-90010)

July 2001 Second Edition (part number: E4991-90020)

September 2001 Third Edition (part number: E4991-90030)

February 2002 Fourth Edition (part number: E4991-90040)

March 2003 Fifth Edition (part number: E4991-90050)

Safety Summary

The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation, service, and repair of this instrument. Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific WARNINGS elsewhere in this manual may impair the protection provided by the equipment. Such noncompliance would also violate safety standards of design, manufacture, and intended use of the instrument. Agilent Technologies assumes no liability for the customer’s failure to comply with these precautions.

NOTE The E4991A complies with INSTALLATION CATEGORY II as well as POLLUTION

DEGREE 2 in IEC61010-1. The E4991A is an INDOOR USE product.

NOTE The LEDs in the E4991A are Class 1 in accordance with IEC60825-1,

CLASS 1 LED PRODUCT

• Ground the Instrument

To avoid electric shock, the instrument chassis and cabinet must be grounded with the supplied power cable’s grounding prong.

• DO NOT Operate in an Explosive Atmosphere

Do not operate the instrument in the presence of inflammable gasses or fumes. Operation of any electrical instrument in such an environment clearly constitutes a safety hazard.

• Keep Away from Live Circuits

Operators must not remove instrument covers. Component replacement and internal adjustments must be made by qualified maintenance personnel. Do not replace components with the power cable connected. Under certain conditions, dangerous voltage levels may remain even after the power cable has been disconnected. To avoid injuries, always disconnect the power and discharge circuits before touching them.

• DO NOT Service or Adjust the Instrument Alone

Do not attempt internal service or adjustment unless another person, capable of rendering first aid and resuscitation, is present.

• DO NOT Substitute Parts or Modify the Instrument

To avoid the danger of introducing additional hazards, do not install substitute parts or perform unauthorized modifications to the instrument. Return the instrument to an Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Office for service and repair to ensure that safety features are maintained in operational condition.

• Dangerous Procedure Warnings

Warnings, such as the example below, precede potentially dangerous procedures throughout this manual. Instructions contained in the warnings must be followed.

WARNING Dangerous voltage levels, capable of causing death, are present in this instrument.

Use extreme caution when handling, testing, and adjusting this instrument.

Safety Symbols

General definitions of safety symbols used on the instrument or in manuals are listed below.

Instruction Manual symbol: the product is marked with this symbol when it is necessary for the user to refer to the instrument manual.

Alternating current.

Direct current.

On (Supply).

Off (Supply).

In-position of push-button switch.

Out-position of push-button switch.

A chassis terminal; a connection to the instrument’s chassis, which includes all exposed metal structure.

Stand-by.

WARNING This warning sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure, practice, or

condition that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in injury or death to personnel.

CAUTION This Caution sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure, practice, or condition

that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to or destruction of part or all of the instrument.

NOTE This Note sign denotes important information. It calls attention to a procedure, practice, or

condition that is essential for the user to understand.

Certification

Agilent Technologies certifies that this product met its published specifications at the time of shipment from the factory. Agilent Technologies further certifies that its calibration measurements are traceable to the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology, to the extent allowed by the Institution’s calibration facility or by the calibration facilities of other International Standards Organization members.

Warranty

This Agilent Technologies instrument product is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment, except that in the case of certain components listed in this manual, the warranty shall be for the specified period. During the warranty period, Agilent Technologies will, at its option, either repair or replace products that prove to be defective.

For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a service facility designated by Agilent Technologies. Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to Agilent Technologies, and Agilent Technologies shall pay shipping charges to return the product to Buyer. However, Buyer shall pay all shipping charges, duties, and taxes for products returned to Agilent Technologies from another country.

Agilent Technologies warrants that its software and firmware designated by Agilent Technologies for use with an instrument will execute its programming instruction when properly installed on that instrument. Agilent Technologies does not warrant that the operation of the instrument, or software, or firmware will be uninterrupted or error free.

Limitation of Warranty

The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer, Buyer-supplied software or interfacing, unauthorized modification or misuse, operation outside the environmental specifications for the product, or improper site preparation or maintenance.

IMPORTANT No other warranty is expressed or implied. Agilent Technologies specifically disclaims the

implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.

Exclusive Remedies

The remedies provided herein are Buyer’s sole and exclusive remedies. Agilent Technologies shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages, whether based on contract, tort, or any other legal theory.

Assistance

Product maintenance agreements and other customer assistance agreements are available for Agilent Technologies products.

For any assistance, contact your nearest Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Office. Addresses are provided at the back of this manual.

Typeface Conventions

Sample (bold) Boldface type is used when a term is defined or

emphasis.

Sample (Italic) Italic type is used for emphasis.

key Indicates a hardkey (key on the front panel or

external keyboard) labeled “Sample.” “key” may be omitted.

Sample menu/button/box Indicates a menu/button/box on the screen labeled

“Sample” which can be selected/executed by clicking. “menu,” “button,” or “box” may be omitted.

Sample block/toolbar Indicates a block (group of hardkeys) or a toolbar

(setup toolbar) labeled “Sample.”

Sample 1 - Sample 2 - Sample 3 Indicates a sequential operation of Sample 1,

Sample 2, and Sample 3 (menu, button, or box).

“-” may be omitted.

Documentation Map

The following manuals are available for the Agilent E4991A.

• Operational Manual (Part Number E4991-900x0, attached to Option ABA)

This manual describes most of the basic information needed to use the E4991A. It provides a function overview, detailed operation procedure for each function (from preparation for measurement to analysis of measurement results), measurement examples, specifications, and supplemental information. For programming guidance on performing automatic measurement with the E4991A, please see the Programming Manual.

• Installation and Quick Start Guide (Part Number E4991-900x1, attached to Option

ABA)

This manual describes installation of the instrument after it is delivered and the basic procedures for applications and analysis. Refer to this manual when you use the E4991A for the first time.

• Programming Manual (Part Number E4991-900x2, attached to Option ABA)

This manual provides programming information for performing automatic measurement with the E4991A. It includes an outline of remote control, procedures for detecting measurement start (trigger) and end (sweep end), application programming examples, a command reference, and related information.

NOTE The number position shown by “x” in the part numbers above indicates the edition number.

This convention is applied to each manual, CD-ROM (for manuals), and sample programs disk issued. Here, “0” indicates the initial edition, and each time a revision is made this number is incremented by 1. The latest edition allows the customer to specify Option ABJ (Japanese) or Option ABA (English) of the product.

MicrosoftÒ, MS-DOSÒ, WindowsÒ, and Visual BasicÒ for Applications are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in U.S. and other countries.

1. How to Use This Operation Manual

Relationship of Operation Manual Contents to Using the E4991A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

2. Function Overview

Names and Functions of Front Panel Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

1. Standby switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

2. 3.5-inch built-in floppy disk drive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

3. Color LCD display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

4. Measurement block (MEASUREMENT). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

5. Stimulus block (STIMULUS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

6. Entry/navigation block (ENTRY/NAVIGATION) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

7. System block (SYSTEM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

8. Utility key ( key) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

9. Test head interface (TEST HEAD INTERFACE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Names and Functions of Rear Panel Blocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

1. Power cable receptacle (-LINE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

2. Unused ports (Reserved). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

3. External trigger input connector (Ext Trig). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

4. External monitor output terminal (VIDEO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

5. LAN port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

6. GPIB connector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

7. High stability frequency reference output connector (Ref Oven, Option 1D5 only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

8. External reference signal input terminal (Ext Ref In, 10 MHz 0 dBm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

9. Internal reference signal output connector (Int Ref Out) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

10. Printer parallel port (PRINTER, Parallel). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

11. Mini-DIN mouse port (MOUSE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

12. Mini-Din keyboard port (KYBD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

13. Serial number plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

14. Unused ports (Reserved). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Names and Functions of LCD Display Areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

1. Title bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

2. Menu bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

3. Marker values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

4. Setup toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

5. Trace 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

6. Trace 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

7. Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

8. Scale reference line value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

9. Trace 1 axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

10. Sweep start value. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

11. Sweep stop value. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

12. Trace 2 axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

13. Status bar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Contents

3. Setting Measurement Conditions

Initialization of E4991A (presetting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Setting Material Measurement Parameter (Option 002 only). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Contents

Selection and Confirmation of Target Trace (Active Trace) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Selecting Active Trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Identifying Active Trace. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Selecting Sweep Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Using Time as Sweep Parameter (Zero Span Sweep) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Selecting Sweep Type (Linear/Log/Segment) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Selecting Sweep Direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Measurement Waiting Time/Sweep Time Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Setting Sweep Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Setting Sweep Area with Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Setting Number of Points (NOP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Oscillator Level Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Definition of Oscillator Level Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Setting and Applying dc Bias. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Setting the Trigger Source To Start Sweep. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Selecting Trigger Target (Trigger Event) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Single Sweep, Continuous Sweep and Sweep Stop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Selecting Polarity of External Trigger Input Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

CW Frequency Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Sweeping a Plural Number of Sweep Areas under Different Conditions at One Time (Segment Sweep) . 66

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Averaging Measurement Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Averaging Plural Sweeps (Sweep-to-Sweep Averaging) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Averaging by Each Measurement Point (Point Averaging) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

4. Calibration and Compensation

Outline of Calibration and Compensation Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Types of Calibration and Compensation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Calibration Reference Plane and Calibration Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Calibration/Compensation measurement point mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Calibration and Compensation Using 7-mm Test Port as a Calibration Reference Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Calibration using DUT Connecting Terminal as a Calibration Reference Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Calibration of Open/Short/Load/Low-loss Capacitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Port Extension Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Electrical Length Compensation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Fixture Compensation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Measuring Fixture Compensation Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Switching Fixture Compensation On/Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Definition of Calibration/Compensation Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Definition of Calibration Kit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Definition of Calibration Kit in Permittivity Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Definition of Compensation Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Restoring Calibration/Compensation Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

5. Display Setting

Setting the Types and Numbers of Display Traces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Maximize a Display Window on the Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

Selecting Measurement Parameter (Impedance Measurement) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Setting Measurement Parameter (Material Measurement). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

Selecting Graph Coordinate Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Autoscale Adjustment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Autoscale Adjustment for each Trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Autoscale Adjustment for all Traces at Once . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Manual Scale Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Scale Setting in Rectangular Coordinates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Scale Setting on Complex Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

Scale Setting in Polar Coordinate Format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Setting of Reference Line Value by Using Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Zooming a Trace. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Overlay Display and Split Display of Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Displaying Measurement Values in List Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Trace Comparison Using Memory Trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Comparison with a stored reference trace. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Subtraction of Offset Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Offset Value Setting by Using the Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Selecting Sweep Area Display (Start/Stop or Center/Span) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Setting Frequency Display Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Confirm the Setting Status on the Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Continuous Phase Display Without Returning at ±180°. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Contents

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Selecting Phase Unit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Displaying Trace Title on Measurement Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Changing Display Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

6. Analysis of Measurement Results

Reading Value on the Trace by Specifying Stimulus Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Displaying the Values of Plural Points on a Trace in a Value List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

Reading Difference from Reference Point on a Graph (Delta Marker) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Delta Marker Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Reading Only the Actual Measurement Point/Reading the Distance between Measurement Points through

Interpolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Move the Marker for Each Trace Independently . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Selecting Marker Value Display for Plural Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

Selecting Marker Analysis Target Trace (Data/Memory) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

Search for Max. and Min. Measurement Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

Search for Target Point of Measurement Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

Peak Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Maximal Point and Minimal Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Positive Peak and Negative Peak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Outline of Peak Search Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Define the Peaks Using Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

Working Out Trace Average, Standard Deviation, and Peak to Peak. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

Specify the Partial Search Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

Execution of Automatic Search in Each Sweep (Search Tracking) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

Changing Marker Stimulus Value Display to Time/Relaxation Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

Calculation of Equivalent Circuit Parameter and Simulation of Frequency Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Calculation of Equivalent Circuit Parameter based on Measurement Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Frequency Characteristics Simulation based on Equivalent Circuit Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Setting a Limit to the Trace and Making a Pass/Fail Determination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

7. Saving and Recalling Internal Data

Overview of Save and Recall Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

Saving and Recalling Setting States (Save State) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

To save setting states: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

To recall setting states: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

Saving and Recalling Measurement Data in Binary Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

To save measurement data in binary format:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

To recall measurement data: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

Saving Measurement Data to Read in Spreadsheet Software (Saving in ASCII Format) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

To save measurement data in ASCII format: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

To import measurement data saved in ASCII format into Microsoft ExcelÔ:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Saving Measurement Data in CITIfile Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

Overview of CITIfile Data Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

How to Create a CITIfile on the E4991A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

CITIfile Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

To create a CITIfile: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Saving Display Information (Save Graphics). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

To save display information:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

Recalling Saved Image File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

Contents

8. Printing Measurement Results and Internal Data

Printing Measurement Graphs and Internal Data Lists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Supported Printers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

How to print data on the screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

Installing Printer Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

How to install a printer driver: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

9. Setup and Use of Control/Management Functions

Setup and Confirmation of GPIB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

Operation procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

Setting the Built-in Speaker (beep sound) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

Procedure for turning the beeping sound on or off. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

Setting the Internal Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

Procedure for setting the internal clock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

Setting the Mouse Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

Setting procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

Confirmation of Options and Firmware Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

Operation Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

System Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Notes on executing system recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Procedure to execute system recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

10. Using LAN

LAN Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

Setup procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

File Transfer Using FTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

FTP file transfer using MS-DOSÔ prompt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

FTP file transfer using FTP application software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

Contents

Stop/Abortion of process/Cut off from server by E4991A operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

Using Remote User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

Outline of Remote User Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

Installation of E4991A user interface software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

Procedure to uninstall E4991A user interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

Starting up the E4991A user interface and connecting to the E4991A measurement server. . . . . . . . . 222

Disconnection of E4991A measurement server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Closing the E4991A user interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

Copying measurement plot and internal data to other application software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

11. Specifications and Supplemental Information

Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

Measurement Parameters and Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

Measurement Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

Measurement Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

Source Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

Oscillator Level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

Output Impedance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

DC Bias (Option 001). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

DC Voltage Bias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

DC Current Bias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

DC Bias Monitor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

Probe Station Connection Kit (Option 010) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

Oscillator Level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

Sweep Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

Sweep Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

Segment Sweep. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

Measurement Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

Conditions for Defining Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

Accuracy When Open/Short/Load Calibration is Performed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

Accuracy When Open/Short/Load/Low-Loss Capacitor Calibration is Performed (point averaging factor ³

8, typical) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

Definition of Each Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

Calculated Impedance Measurement Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

Measurement Support Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

Error Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

Trigger. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

Averaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

Marker. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

Equivalent Circuit Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

Limit Marker Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

Mass Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

Measurement Terminal (at Test Head) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

Rear Panel Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

General Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

Environment Conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

Contents

Other Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

Option 002 Material Measurement (typical) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Measurement Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Frequency Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Measurement Accuracy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Examples of Calculated Permittivity Measurement Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

Examples of Calculated Permeability Measurement Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

Option 007 Temperature Characteristic Test Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

Operation Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

Source Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

Measurement Accuracy (at 23°C ± 5°C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

Typical Effects of Temperature Change on Measurement Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

Typical Material Measurement Accuracy When Using Option 002 and 007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

Measurement Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

Typical Effects of Temperature Change on Permittivity Measurement Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

A. Manual Changes

Manual Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

Change 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

B. Probe Station Connection Kit (Option 010)

Option 010 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

Recommended Probe Stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

Recommended Probe Heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

Mounting Test Head and Connecting Cables

(using recommended probe station) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

Mounting Test Head and Connecting Cables

(using probe stations other than recommended models) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

OPEN/SHORT/LOAD Calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

Selecting Fixture Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

Definition of Calibration Kit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

Calibration/Compensation Measurement Point Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307

Calibration of Open/Short/Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308

C. Temperature Characteristic Test Kit (Option 007)

Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312

Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

Cautions for protecting cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

Connection procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

Calibration/compensation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

Temperature compensation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319

Execution procedure of temperature compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319

Information to create program to execute temperature compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319

Acquiring temperature compensation data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

Measuring temperature characteristic using sample program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329

Measuring temperature characteristic using Tctest.Start macro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330

Temperature compensation for measurement result using Compensation.Start macro . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

Modifying attached sample program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

Contents

Changing limits when setting temperature change pattern. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

Changing GPIB address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350

Modifying other temperature chambers than recommended . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350

Recovery of the sample program furnished the option 007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353

D. Menu References

Menu References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356

Trace Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356

Meas/Format Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357

Scale Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358

Display Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362

Marker Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367

Stimulus Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375

Trigger Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387

Utility Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389

Save/Recall Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394

System Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396

E. Theory on Material Measurement

Dielectric Material Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402

Definition of Permittivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402

Measurement Principle of Dielectric Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403

Error Components of 16453A Test Fixture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404

Magnetic Material Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406

Definition of Permeability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406

Measurement Principle of Magnetic Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

Structure of 16454A Test Fixture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410

F. Information on Maintenance

Cleaning this Instrument. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412

Cleaning an LCD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412

Maintenance of Connectors/Ports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412

Cleaning a Display Other than an LCD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

Cautions Applicable to Requesting Repair, Replacement, Regular Calibration, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

Devices to be Sent Back for Repair or Regular Calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

Recommended Calibration Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

G. Initial Settings

Initial Settings, Settings that can be Saved/Recalled, Settings that can be Backed Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418

H. Comparison Information of 4291B and E4991A

Major Differences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430

Channels and Traces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430

Calibration/Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430

Marker. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431

Limit test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431

Function Comparison List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

I. Messages

Alphabetical Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440

A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440

B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440

C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440

D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442

E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442

F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443

G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443

I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443

M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445

N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445

O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447

P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447

Q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448

R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449

S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449

T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450

U . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451

Messages indicating the internal status of the equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452

Messages indicating measurement failure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452

Messages indicating the results (or current status) of processing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453

Contents

Operation Manual

1. How to Use This

1 How to Use This Operation Manual

This chapter explains how to most efficiently use this Operation Manual.

How to Use This Operation Manual

Relationship of Operation Manual Contents to Using the E4991A

The chapters of this Operation Manual cover the usage of this product from when it is delivered until when the user has obtained sufficient understanding of the instrument’s functions to use it efficiently. Table 1-1 lists the product’s operations along with the corresponding manuals and chapters.

Table 1-1 Operations of E4991A and Corresponding Manuals/Chapters

Operation Corresponding

Manual

1. Installation Installation and Quick

Start Guide

2. Understanding functions and measurement flow

3. Performing measurements (manual operation)

Installation and Quick Start Guide

Operation Manual

(this book)

Operation Manual

(this book)

Corresponding Chapter

Chapter 2, “Installation Guide”

Chapter 3, “Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement” Chapter 4, “Basic Operations for Dielectric Measurement” Chapter 5, “Basic Operations for Magnetic Measurement”

Chapter 2, “Function Overview,” on page 21

Chapter 3, “Setting Measurement Conditions,” on page 41 Chapter 4, “Calibration and Compensation,” on page 75 Chapter 5, “Display Setting,” on page 95 Appendix B, “Probe Station Connection Kit (Option

010),” on page 299 Appendix C, “Temperature Characteristic Test Kit (Option 007),” on page 311

4. Analyzing and handling measurement data (manual operation)

5. Using control and management facilities (manual operation)

6. Development of automatic measurement system

20 Chapter 1

Operation Manual

(this book)

Operation Manual

(this book)

Programming Manual All chapters

Chapter 6, “Analysis of Measurement Results,” on page 127 Chapter 7, “Saving and Recalling Internal Data,” on page 165 Chapter 8, “Printing Measurement Results and Internal Data,” on page 185

Chapter 9, “Setup and Use of Control/Management Functions,” on page 193 Chapter 10, “Using LAN,” on page 207

2. Function Overview

2 Function Overview

This chapter describes the functions of the Agilent E4991A Impedance/Material Analyzer available to the user from the front panel, rear panel, and LCD display blocks.

Function Overview

Names and Functions of Front Panel Blocks

The names and functions of the E4991A front panel blocks are shown below.

Figure 2-1 E4991A front panel

2. 3.5" built-in floppy disk drive

3. Color LCD display

4. Measurement block

5. Stimulus block

6. Entry/navigation block

1. Standby switch

22 Chapter 2

7. System block

8. Utility

9. Test head interface

Function Overview

Names and Functions of Front Panel Blocks

1. Standby switch

Used to turn on/off the power to the E4991A.

NOTE To turn off the power to the E4991A, be sure to press this power supply switch.

Alternatively, activate the E4991A shutdown process (i.e., software and hardware process required to turn off the power) by sending a shutdown command from the external controller. You must never directly shut off the power supply by removing the power

cable from the receptacle on the rear panel.

If the power supply is directly shut off by removing the power cable, the shutdown process is not activated, and this may damage the E4991A software and hardware, resulting in operational failures.

If the E4991A shutdown process is not properly executed, the E4991A may restart in safe mode. If this happens, activate the shutdown process to turn off the power to the E4991A and then press the standby switch to turn the power on again.

For turning on/off the power, also refer to Chapter 1, “Installation Guide” in the Installation and Quick Start Guide.

2. Function Overview

2. 3.5-inch built-in floppy disk drive

This device is used to save the E4991A settings, measured data, calibration/compensation data, image data displayed on the LCD display, VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) programs, and other data to a floppy disk or to recall them. It works with 3.5-inch 1.44 MB DOS formatted floppy disks.

The floppy disk access lamp is located to the left of the disk slot. It lights up in green when the floppy disk drive accesses the disk by either read or write operation.

The disk eject button is located to the right of the disk slot. By pressing it, the currently inserted disk can be ejected.

NOTE Insert the floppy disk into the slot in the direction of the arrow denoted on the disk, with

the labeled side facing the LCD display.

Do not press the disk eject button while the floppy disk access lamp is lit. If you

attempt to forcibly eject the disk, the disk or drive may be destroyed.

3. Color LCD display

This displays all of the information required to operate the E4991A (e.g., measurement trace, settings, menu and setup bars). It is an 8.4-inch TFT type display.

For details on the information displayed on the LCD display, see “Names and Functions of LCD Display Areas” on page 32.

4. Measurement block (MEASUREMENT)

This contains a set of keys that are used to set the basic measurement conditions, except for the test signal settings. Pressing one of these keys brings up the associated toolbar to the right of the display.

Chapter 2 23

Function Overview

Names and Functions of Front Panel Blocks

key

Used to select the desired trace to set (i.e., active trace). Each time you press this key, one of the active traces on the display is selected in order. When setting the measurement conditions, you must first use this key to select the active trace.

Used to show the Meas/Format toolbar at the right of the display. By working with this toolbar, you can select measurement parameters, set the vertical-axis form (linear or log) of a measurement graph, and perform other related tasks.

Used to show the Scale toolbar at the right of the display. By working with this toolbar, you can set the scale of a measurement graph (e.g. total width, position of reference line).

Used to show the Display toolbar at the right of the display. By working with this toolbar, you can set the general settings of the view on the display, except for the vertical-axis form of a measurement graph and scale settings.

Used to show the Marker toolbar at the right of the display. By working with this toolbar, you can set the basic settings of the marker, which is a small inverted delta symbol(Ñ). By using the marker, various measurement trace parameters can be read at specified values.

key

Used to show the Marker Fctn (function) toolbar at the right of the display. By working with this toolbar, you can set the E4991A to run an analysis (search) with the marker.

5. Stimulus block (STIMULUS)

This contains a set of keys that are used to set the signal source. Pressing one of these keys causes the associated toolbar to be recalled at the right of the display.

key

Used to show the Start/Stop toolbar at the right of the display. By working with this toolbar, you can define the sweep span by setting a pair consisting of either a sweep start and sweep stop value or of a sweep center and sweep span value.

Used to show the Sweep Setup toolbar at the right of the display. By working with this toolbar, you can set the sweep conditions such as selection of sweep parameters and linear/log sweep.

Used to show the Source toolbar at the right of the display. By working with this toolbar, you can set the oscillator level, CW frequency, DC bias level, and other values.

24 Chapter 2

Function Overview

Names and Functions of Front Panel Blocks

key

Used to show the Cal/Compen toolbar at the right of the display. By working with this toolbar, you can set up and execute calibration and compensation.

Manual trigger key. If you press this in the manual trigger mode, the trigger is activated, initiating a measurement.

Used to show the Trigger Setup toolbar at the right of the display. By working with this toolbar, you can set trigger settings such as the parameters for the trigger source (internal, external, manual, or GPIB).

6. Entry/navigation block (ENTRY/NAVIGATION)

This contains a set of keys that are used to move the cursor across the display or enter numeric values.

(rotary knob)

key

(arrow keys)

By turning the knob clockwise or counterclockwise, you can move the onscreen setting cursor. If you press this knob with the cursor placed over a feature, it is selected and executed.

Used to move the onscreen setting cursor up, down, left, or right.

2. Function Overview

key

(click key)

... key

(numeric keys)

key

key (unit keys)

By pressing this key, you can select and execute the feature that the cursor is placed over. It has the same function as pressing the rotary knob.

Used to type numeric values, one by one, in the cursor position. By pressing a unit key after entering a value, the value and unit are set and executed.

When you press this key in an area where numeric values are typed, the character to the left of the cursor (|) is deleted. If two or more characters are currently selected (i.e., highlighted) with the cursor, pressing this key clears all of them. If the numeric entry area contains no characters, input and deletion of ‘-’ repeats each time you press this key.

By pressing one of these keys after entering a numeric value with the numeric keys, the entry is set and executed with the prefix indicating unit of measurement added to the value. Two unit prefixes are labeled on each key except

; however, the appropriate unit is determined

automatically depending on the parameter being set. If you press the key, the entered value is executed without a

unit prefix.

Chapter 2 25

Function Overview

Names and Functions of Front Panel Blocks

key

Used to close the setup toolbar at the right of the display. Also, by pressing this key when a dialog box is onscreen, you can cancel any entry mode and the box closes (i.e., this key can be used instead of pressing the in a dialog box).

When you press this key when a dialog box is onscreen, the entered setting is executed and the box closes. This key can also be used instead of pressing the box.

By pressing this key, the leftmost menu opens in the menu bar at the top of the display. Then, the arrow keys

( ) can be used to move the cursor to other menus or to the desired item in a menu. Pressing the click key ( ) selects and executes the item. The key is used to work with the menu bar when a mouse is not

available. To close an open menu, press the key again.

Cancel or x button

OK button in a dialog

7. System block (SYSTEM)

This contains a set of keys that are used to set the control and management of the entire E4991A unit and to save/recall and preset (initialize) files.

key

Used to show the System Setup toolbar. By working with this toolbar, you can make control and management settings for the entire E4991A unit.

Used to show the Save/Recall toolbar. By working with this toolbar, you can save the E4991A settings, measured data, calibration/compensation data, image data displayed on the LCD display, and VBA programs in the E4991A storage devices (e.g., floppy disk, nonvolatile memory) or recall them from storage.

Initializes the E4991A to the “Preset State” status.

8. Utility key ( key)

Used to show the Utility toolbar. By working with this toolbar, you can edit and execute VBA programs or set the E4991A to run an equivalent circuit analysis.

9. Test head interface (TEST HEAD INTERFACE)

This is the interface used to connect the test head. It contains three ports: RF OUT and PORTs 1 and 2, each of which is an N-type female connector.

NOTE You must not apply either alternate or direct current to the test head interface. Doing this

could cause operational failure.

26 Chapter 2

Names and Functions of Front Panel Blocks

Test h ea d

The test head’s DUT port (Figure 2-2) is classified as IEC61010-1 Installation Category I.

Figure 2-2 Test head connected to the E4991A and its DUT port

Function Overview

2. Function Overview

NOTE You must not apply either alternate or direct current to the DUT port. Doing this could

cause operational failure. Pay particular attention to whether the capacitor has been charged. Fully discharge the device under test before connecting it to the test head DUT port (or test fixture).

CAUTION Whenever you connect a DUT to or disconnect it from the DUT port for measurement, you

must first turn off the dc bias or set the sweep to the hold state (in sweep hold state, dc bias is not applied to the DUT). If this step is not taken, the dc bias may destroy the DUT.

Chapter 2 27

Function Overview

Names and Functions of Rear Panel Blocks

The names and functions of the E4991A rear panel blocks are shown below.

Figure 2-3 E4991A Rear Panel

1. Power cable receptacle

3. External trigger input connector

2. Unused ports

4. External monitor

output terminal

5. LAN port

6. GPIB connector

7. High stability frequency

reference output connector (Option 1D5)

14. Unused ports

13. Serial number plate

11. Mini-DIN mouse port

12. Mini-DIN keyboard port

10. Printer parallel port

9. Internal reference signal output connector

8. External reference signal input connector

28 Chapter 2

Function Overview

Names and Functions of Rear Panel Blocks

1. Power cable receptacle (-LINE)

This is the receptacle for connection of the power cable.

For the requirements of the power supply, refer to Chapter 1, “Installation Guide” in the Installation and Quick Start Guide.

NOTE For the power cable, use the attached 3-wire power cable with grounding prong. For

details, refer to Chapter 1, “Installation Guide” in the Installation and Quick Start Guide.

2. Unused ports (Reserved)

These ports are not available. Do not connect any device here.

3. External trigger input connector (Ext Trig)

Connector type: BNC connector (female)

This is the terminal through which a trigger signal is input to begin execution of measurement. It detects a trigger by the rising or falling edge following the Low or High level of a TTL-compatible signal. To trigger measurement with a signal input to this terminal, you must set the trigger source to EXTERNAL (external trigger input connector). For details of the input signal requirements of this terminal, see “External trigger input connector” on page 246.

2. Function Overview

4. External monitor output terminal (VIDEO)

Connector type: 15-pin VGA connector

This is the terminal used for connecting an external color monitor (display device). With a color monitor connected to this terminal, the same information that is displayed on the E4991A LCD display can be viewed on the monitor screen.

5. LAN port

Connector type: RJ-45J UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) LAN connector

Using this port, the E4991A can be connected to a Local Area Network (LAN). For how to use the instrument in a LAN, refer to the Programming Manual.

6. GPIB connector

This is a General Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB) connector. An auto-measurement system can be constructed by connecting an external controller or other equipment via this connector. For more details on auto-measurement systems that utilize a GPIB, refer to the Programming Manual.

7. High stability frequency reference output connector (Ref Oven, Option 1D5 only)

Connector type: BNC connector (male)

If Option 1D5 High Stability Frequency Reference is installed in the E4991A, this terminal outputs the reference signal.

Chapter 2 29

Function Overview

Names and Functions of Rear Panel Blocks

NOTE When Option 1D5 is installed, connect this terminal and “8. External reference signal input

terminal (Ext Ref In, 10 MHz 0 dBm)” to the option by using the included BNC(m)-BNC(m) cable.

8. External reference signal input terminal (Ext Ref In, 10 MHz 0 dBm)

Connector type: BNC connector (male)

This is a signal input terminal used to phase-lock the E4991A test signal to an external frequency reference signal. The accuracy of test signal frequency can be improved by inputting the external frequency reference signal to this terminal.

When the external frequency reference signal is input to this input terminal, the E4991A test signal is automatically phase-locked to its reference signal. When the signal input is no longer generated, the frequency reference signal in the E4991A is automatically used instead.

NOTE If option 1D5 has been installed, connect this terminal and “7. High stability frequency

reference output connector (Ref Oven, Option 1D5 only)” to the option by using the included BNC(m)-BNC(m) cable.

9. Internal reference signal output connector (Int Ref Out)

Connector type: BNC connector (male)

This is an output terminal for the E4991A internal reference signal. By connecting this terminal and the external reference signal input terminal of other equipment, it can be used by phase-locking it with the E4991A reference signal.

10. Printer parallel port (PRINTER, Parallel)

This is a 25-pin parallel port used for connecting a printer. With the specified printer connected to this port, you can print E4991A measurement graphs, measurement values list, settings list, and other data. For the printers that can be used with the E4991A, see “Supported Printers” on page 187.

11. Mini-DIN mouse port (MOUSE)

This is a port used to connect a mouse equipped with a Mini-Din connector. Using a mouse, you can efficiently make various settings by freely moving the cursor across the E4991A LCD display.

NOTE Use of a mouse other than the one specified for use with the E4991A may lead to operation

error. Be sure to only use the mouse provided by Agilent Technologies.

The mouse has two buttons: left and right, which operate in a different manner. As used in this manual, the term “clicking with the mouse” indicates pressing the left mouse button.

12. Mini-Din keyboard port (KYBD)

This port is used to connect a Mini-DIN style keyboard. Because alphabetic characters and symbols directed to the E4991A can be input only through a keyboard, you will need it for

30 Chapter 2

Function Overview

Names and Functions of Rear Panel Blocks

such tasks as editing a VBA program or typing a file name. The arrow and numeric keys on the keyboard operate in the same manner as those on the E4991A front panel. Thus, you can use the keyboard for cursor navigation instead of operating the front panel or mouse.

NOTE Use of a keyboard other than the one specified for use with the E4991A may lead to

operation error. Be sure to only use the keyboard provided by Agilent Technologies.

13. Serial number plate

This is a plate showing the serial number, i.e., the production number of the product.

14. Unused ports (Reserved)

These two ports are not available.

2. Function Overview

Chapter 2 31

Function Overview

Names and Functions of LCD Display Areas

The names and functions of the areas of the LCD display are shown below.

Figure 2-4 LCD display

1. Title bar

This displays the title that the user defines and enters. This is useful when printing and saving the onscreen measurement results.

2. Menu bar

You can make most settings for the E4991A by working with this menu bar in any or all of the following ways:

o Using the mouse connected to the E4991A, click a menu name on the menu bar. In the

menu that appears, select the desired menu item by clicking with the mouse.

o Press the key in the “6. Entry/navigation block (ENTRY/NAVIGATION)” on

page 25 on the front panel. The leftmost menu of the menu bar opens. Using the

32 Chapter 2

Function Overview

Names and Functions of LCD Display Areas

appropriate arrow keys ( ), move the cursor to the desired menu and

menu item. Then press the click key ( ) to select and execute the item.

To dismiss the currently open menu, press the key again.

o While holding down the key on the keyboard connected to the E4991A, type

the alphabetic character underlined in the desired menu name to open the menu. In the menu that appears, select the desired menu item by typing the underlined character in

the same manner. You do not need to press the key after making a selection in this way.

Once a menu opens, you can use the following operations instead of the above. First, use the appropriate arrow keys ( ) on the keyboard to move the cursor up, down, left, or right over the menus. Then press the key on the keyboard to select

and execute the desired item.

2. Function Overview

Chapter 2 33

Function Overview

Names and Functions of LCD Display Areas

Summary of working with the menu bar

Operation Front panel External device

Open the menu on the menu bar

Dismiss the menu bar without execution

Move to the next menu on the left

Move to the next menu on the right

Move the cursor up in a menu

(Rotary knob)

(Disabled) (Disabled)

(Disabled)

(Arrow keys)

Press

Other keys Keyboard Mouse

Press (to open the menu at the far left)

Press Press

(Disabled)

Press and an alphabetic character

key

together

Press

Press or an alphabetic character

*1*2

key

Click the desired menu name on the menu bar (to open the menu)

Click the menu name on the currently open menu bar

Move the pointer to the desired menu name on the menu bar

Move the cursor down in a menu

Select an execute the menu item in the cursor position

*1.The alphabetic character underlined in the menu or menu item name. *2.When you press an alphabetic character key, the menu or menu item is selected or executed without pressing .

(Disabled)

Press

(Disabled)

(Disabled) Press Click the menu item

Press or an alphabetic character

*1*2

key

Move the pointer to the desired menu name on the menu bar

name

3. Marker values

This displays values at the marker position (Ñ) on the onscreen active trace.

Marker sweep parameter value (in this example, 100 MHz)

Displays the value of the sweep parameter in the marker position (in this example, frequency). In this example, displays the numeric value that represents the position on the horizontal axis.

34 Chapter 2

Function Overview

Names and Functions of LCD Display Areas

Marker measurement parameter value (in this example, 11.4638 W)

Displays the value of the measurement parameter in the marker position (in this example, |Z| value). In this example, displays the numeric value that represents the position on the vertical axis.

4. Setup toolbar

This is a vertical toolbar used to make various settings for the E4991A.

Recalling the desired setup toolbar

You can recall the desired toolbar in any of the following ways:

o Press one of the following hardkeys to show the setup toolbar associated with that key:

• Keys in “4. Measurement block (MEASUREMENT)” on page 23 (except for )

• Keys in “5. Stimulus block (STIMULUS)” on page 24 (except for )

• Keys in “7. System block (SYSTEM)” on page 26 (except for )

•

o Work with the “2. Menu bar” on page 32 to show the setup toolbar associated with a

menu item.

o Right-click to open the shortcut menu (Figure 2-5) and click the desired setup toolbar

name.

2. Function Overview

Figure 2-5 Shortcut menu

You can also bring up the marker shortcut menu (Figure 2-6) by right-clicking a marker (Ñ) on the display.

Figure 2-6 Marker shortcut menu

Chapter 2 35

Function Overview

Names and Functions of LCD Display Areas

Working with the setup toolbar

You can work with a displayed toolbar in any of the following ways:

o Using the mouse connected to the E4991A, directly click the setting item on the setup

toolbar.

o Move the cursor to the desired block in the toolbar by using the Up and Down arrow

keys ( ) in the entry/navigation block on the front panel. Then press the click key ( ) for selection and execution.

Instead of pressing the and keys, you can turn the rotary knob ( ) counterclockwise or clockwise to achieve the same result. Instead of the click key ( ), you can press the rotary knob ( ) for selection and execution.

To move the cursor over the blocks in a toolbar, use the keys.

o Move the cursor down to the desired block in a toolbar by pressing (or move the

cursor up by holding down and pressing ) on the keyboard connected to the E4991A. Then press the key for selection and execution. To open a drop-down list box, hold down while pressing .and then choose an item from the drop-down list box by releasing and using and .

Summary of working with the setup toolbar

Operation Front panel External device

Other keys Keyboard Mouse

Press one of the following:

Wor k with the menu

bar

Display the desired setup toolbar

Dismiss the setup toolbar

(Rotary knob)

(Disabled) Work with the

(Disabled) (Disabled) Press Press Right-click to open

(Arrow keys)

menu bar combination with

the key (disabled alone)

Work with the menu bar

the shortcut menu and press

Off

Too lba r

36 Chapter 2

Names and Functions of LCD Display Areas

Operation Front panel External device

Function Overview

In the toolbar, move the cursor down the blocks

In the toolbar, move the cursor up the blocks

Open a drop-down list box

Move the cursor in a drop-down list box

Enter numeric values

(Rotary knob)

Turn counterclockwise

Turn clockwise

Press

Turn counterclockwise or clockwise

(Disabled) (Disabled) Press

(Arrow keys)

Press

Press or

Other keys Keyboard Mouse

(Disabled) Press Directly click the

(Disabled) Press and

(Disabled)

desired setting area in the toolbar

Directly click the

hold down

and

then press

hold down

and

then press

Press or

Press

...

desired setting area in the toolbar

Directly click the drop-down list box

Directly click the desired menu item (to select/execute)

Right-click the entry box to open

the numeric entry dialog box and click the desired buttons

2. Function Overview

Execute numeric data entry with the unit added

Increase/Decrease the entered numeric values

Enter characters (Disabled) Work with the

Enter and select Press

*1.For working with the menu bar, see “2. Menu bar” on page 32.

(Disabled) (Disabled)

Press and turn clockwise or counterclockwise

Press and

then press

Keyboard dialog box displayed by

Keyboard...

the button

Press

Press ,

, or (executed)

(Disabled)

(Disabled) Press Work with the

Press Press

Type the unit and press

(executed)

Press or

Right-click the entry box to open the numeric entry dialog box and click the desired buttons

IIII or JJJJ to the

Click right of the entry box

Keyboard dialog box displayed by the Keyboard... button

Select/execute by clicking the setting area

Chapter 2 37

Function Overview

Names and Functions of LCD Display Areas

5. Trace 1

This is one of the traces that can be displayed simultaneously on the E4991A. The bar indicating the trace and scale colors of Trace 1 as well as the measurement parameter names and their units (in this example, |Z| [W]) are displayed in the upper-left corner of the graph. The asterisk (“*”) to the left of the trace number (1 for this trace) indicates that the trace is the active trace (target trace for setups). One of the traces on the screen must be the active trace, and any changes to the trace setup are executed for the active trace. The active

trace is changed in sequential order by pressing the key of “4. Measurement block (MEASUREMENT)” on page 23.

6. Trace 2

This is one of the traces that can be displayed simultaneously on the E4991A. The bar indicating the trace and scale colors of Trace 2 as well as the measurement parameter names and their units (in this example, q

[°]) are displayed in the upper-middle area.

7. Markers

These are used to read the values on a trace as numeric values. The value at each marker position is displayed in the “3. Marker values” on page 34.

8. Scale reference line value

This displays the value of the scale reference line, which is a horizontal dotted line displayed in the same color as the corresponding trace.

9. Trace 1 axis

This displays the axis and scale of Trace 1.

10. Sweep start value

This displays the current sweep start value.

11. Sweep stop value

This displays the current sweep stop value.

12. Trace 2 axis

This displays the axis and scale of Trace 2.

38 Chapter 2

Function Overview

Names and Functions of LCD Display Areas

13. Status bar

This displays the E4991A status information that is critical for the instrument’s operation.

Indicator Description

Bias OFF dc bias is not being applied.

Bias ON dc bias is being applied.

Bias Lmt dc bias output is clamped to the current or voltage limit.

Uncal Calibration is off.

Cal Fix Calibration is on in fixed frequency/fixed power point

mode.

Cal FixR Calibration is on in fixed frequency/user-defined power

point mode.

Cal User Calibration is on in user-defined frequency/user-defined

power point mode.

Comp OFF Compensation is off.

2. Function Overview

Comp ON Compensation is on.

Del xxx Fixture electrical length compensation is applied. (A

numeric value was set for the electrical length of the test fixture.) length value in meters. For example,

xxx represents the currently entered electrical

Del 10m indicates that

the fixture’s electrical length is set to 10 millimeters.

Avg xx The point averaging factor is set to xx.

Hold The trigger is on hold.

Manual Waiting for manual trigger.

External Waiting for external trigger.

GPIB Bus Waiting for GPIB trigger (trigger command).

ExtRef The “8. External reference signal input terminal (Ext Ref

In, 10 MHz 0 dBm)” on page 30, and the E4991A test signal are phase-locked to a reference signal.

Svc The E4991A is in the service mode. Because this mode is

designed for use in self-diagnosis or repair of the E4991A, the measurement performance guaranteed in the specification is not obtained. If this indicator is on in the usual operation mode, the E4991A may have experienced at failure.

After executing a diagnostic operation,

Svc will appear on

the display. You must shutdown and restart the E4991A before making measurements.

Chapter 2 39

Function Overview

Names and Functions of LCD Display Areas

Indicator Description

Ovld An overload occurred in the measurement circuit. One or

more measurement values are invalid. This indicator goes on when the device under test is removed or installed during measurement.

40 Chapter 2

3 Setting Measurement Conditions

3. Setting Measurement

Condition

This chapter describes the method used to set up the measurement conditions (test signal and sweep) for the Agilent E4991A impedance/material analyzer.

Setting Measurement Conditions

Initialization of E4991A (presetting)

The E4991A has an initialization state called the “Preset State.”

It is always possible to return the E4991A to its preset state by taking one of the following actions:

• Right-click to open the shortcut menu, and click

•Click

•Press in the SYSTEM block on the front panel.

For more details on the E4991A’s initial settings, including the preset state, refer to Chapter G, “Initial Settings,” on page 417.

System-Preset from the menu bar.

Preset-Execute.

42 Chapter 3

Setting Material Measurement Parameter (Option 002 only)

When you take a material measurement (permittivity or permeability measurement) with the E4991A and “Option 002 material measurement,” the following setups must first be completed.

Procedure

Step 1. Select the type of material measurement

Setting Measurement Conditions

a. Right-click to open the shortcut menu and click

b. Click the

c. Click to open the

Material Type Box Material Measurement Type

Impedance Impedance measurement (measurement of

Permittivity Permittivity measurement

Permeability Permeability measurement

Material Option Menu button.

Material Type box and click on the material measurement type.

Step 2. Enter material dimensions

Using the numeric entry dialog box that appears by right-clicking inside the setting box described below (or using the ENTRY/NAVIGATION block key of the front panel), enter the necessary material dimensions:

Material Dimension Setting Box Value to Enter

Thickness Thickness of dielectric material t [m] (see Figure

Height Height of magnetic material h [m] (see Figure

Utility (or press ).

general impedance parameters except for permittivity and permeability).

3-1)

3-2)

3. Setting Measurement

Condition

Inner Diameter Inner diameter of magnetic material b [m] (see

Figure 3-2)

Outer Diameter Outer diameter of magnetic material c [m] (see

Figure 3-2)

Chapter 3 43

Setting Measurement Conditions

Setting Material Measurement Parameter (Option 002 only)

Figure 3-1 Material shape parameter for dielectric material

Figure 3-2 Material shape parameter for magnetic material

44 Chapter 3

Setting Measurement Conditions

Selection and Confirmation of Target Trace (Active Trace)

It is necessary to first select a target trace to set among the multiple traces shown on the display. This target trace is referred to as the “Active Trace.”

Selecting Active Trace

You can select the active trace by taking any of the following actions:

• In the split display mode, click inside the window frame of the trace you want to activate.

• In a overlay display mode, click the name area of the measurement parameter (e.g.

qz [°]

) or click the measurement value axis (vertical axis) of the trace you want to

activate. If you place the cursor in this area, it will change from to .

• Right-click to open the shortcut menu and click indicates trace number).

•Click

• Press in the MEASUREMENT-block on the front panel (each press changes

Trace-Scaler # or Trace-Complex # (# indicates trace number) from the menu

bar.

the active trace in sequential order.

Trace-Scaler # or Trace-Complex # (#

Identifying Active Trace

The selected active trace can be identified in the following ways:

• An asterisk (“ parameter (e.g.

• The active trace’s number is indicated in a window at the top of five setup toolbars: Meas/Format, Scale, Display, Marker, Marker Function.

• The active trace is indicated together with its number in the title area (at the top of the display) in the preset state.

*”) appears to the left of the name area of the active trace’s measurement

2: qz [°]).

3. Setting Measurement

Condition

NOTE An operation done in a setup tool bar where the active trace number is not displayed shall

be executed not for a particular trace but commonly for all traces on the display.

Chapter 3 45

Setting Measurement Conditions

Selecting Sweep Parameter

The sweep parameter of the source can be selected from among frequency, source power (level), dc bias voltage and current.

NOTE Option 001 must be installed to sweep by dc bias voltage or current.

Procedure

Step 1. Right-click to open the shortcut menu and click Sweep Setup (or press ).

Step 2. Click and open the

Sweep Parameter box Sweep Parameter

Frequency Frequency

Power Source power (level)

Bias Voltage dc bias voltage (option 001 only)

Bias Current dc bias current (option 001 only)

Sweep Parameter box and click to select the sweep parameter.

46 Chapter 3

Using Time as Sweep Parameter (Zero Span Sweep)

Measurement using time as the sweep parameter can be executed by setting the sweep parameter to zero. This sweep is called Zero Span sweep.

Procedure

Step 1. Set the sweep span to zero:

Setting Measurement Conditions

Using Time as Sweep Parameter (Zero Span Sweep)

a. Right-click to open the shortcut menu and click

b. Using the numeric entry dialog box by right-clicking inside the

ENTRY/NAVIGATION block keys on the front panel), enter zero as the sweep span

value.

Step 2. Set sweep time:

a. Right-click to open the shortcut menu, and click

b. Click the

c. Using the numeric entry dialog box by right-clicking inside the

using the ENTRY/NAVIGATION block keys on the front panel), enter the sweep time (i.e., sweep span in the time sweep).

NOTE If the number of measurement points is set to the maximum value (801), the sweep time

can be set up to 16,080 second (approximately 4.5 hours).

Sweep Time button.

Start/Stop (or press ).

Span box (or using the

Sweep Setup (or press ).

Sweep Time box (or

3. Setting Measurement

Condition

Chapter 3 47

Setting Measurement Conditions

Selecting Sweep Type (Linear/Log/Segment)

You can select the sweep type by following the procedure below.

Procedure

Step 1. Right-click to open the shortcut menu and click Sweep Setup (or press ).

Step 2. Right-click to open the shortcut menu and click to select the Sweep Type box.

Sweep Type Box Sweep Type

Linear Linear sweep

Log Log sweep

Segment Segment sweep

NOTE When the oscillator level (power) or dc bias has already been selected as a sweep

parameter, the sweep type is fixed to linear sweep and cannot be changed. For more details on selecting the sweep parameter, see “Selecting Sweep Parameter” on page 46.

If the segment sweep table has not been prepared, the segment sweep cannot be selected (when the segment sweep table has been not prepared, the if the

Sweep Type box is opened). For more details on preparing the segment sweep table,

Segment is not displayed, even

see “Sweeping a Plural Number of Sweep Areas under Different Conditions at One Time (Segment Sweep)” on page 66.

48 Chapter 3

Setting Measurement Conditions

Selecting Sweep Direction

The characteristics of a device under test (DUT) having the hysteresis feature for sweep parameter can be observed from the appropriate sweep direction.

You can select the sweep direction by following the procedure below.

Procedure

Step 1. Right-click to open the shortcut menu and click Sweep Setup (or press ).

Step 2. Click the Sweep Direction button and select the Sweep Direction.

Sweep Direction Button Sweep Direction Setup

Sweep Direction [Up] Upward (in the direction from sweep start value

to sweep stop value)

Sweep Direction [Down] Downward (in the direction from sweep stop

value to sweep start value)

3. Setting Measurement

Condition

Chapter 3 49

Setting Measurement Conditions

Measurement Waiting Time/Sweep Time Setting

A time delay can be set for the period after the sweep is triggered but before the actual sweep starts (sweep delay). Furthermore, a time delay can also be set for the period after a signal is applied to a DUT but before actual measurement starts (point delay). This function is useful, for example, when a certain period is required before the characteristics of the DUT can become stable after a signal is applied. Another application of this function is to observe the changes in a DUT’s impedance over time for a long span.

Figure 3-3 shows the definitions of sweep time, sweep delay time, point delay time, and segment delay time.

Figure 3-3 Definition of measurement waiting time

50 Chapter 3

Setting Measurement Conditions

Measurement Waiting Time/Sweep Time Setting

Procedure

Step 1. Right-click to open the shortcut menu and click the Sweep Setup (or press ).

Step 2. Click the

Step 3. Using the numeric entry dialog box by right-clicking inside the

Sweep Setup button.

Sweep Time box (or using

the ENTRY/NAVIGATION block key on the front panel), enter the sweep or delay time.

Sweep Time Setting Box Input Value

Sweep Time Sweep time (time period for an entire sweep)

Point Delay Point delay time (time delay for each

measurement point)

Segment Delay Segment delay time (time delay for each

segment).

Sweep Delay Sweep delay time (time delay for each sweep).

Setting the time period for an entire sweep ( automatically set equal time delays at a measurement point (

When the measurement point delay time (

Delay

), or sweep delay time (Sweep Delay) is changed, the sweep time (Sweep Time)

Sweep Time) makes it possible to

Point Delay).

Point Delay), segment delay time (Segment

setting is automatically changed.

NOTE Segment delay time is only effective when the sweep type is set to segment sweep. For

details on segment sweep, refer to “Sweeping a Plural Number of Sweep Areas under Different Conditions at One Time (Segment Sweep)” on page 66.

3. Setting Measurement

Condition

Chapter 3 51

Setting Measurement Conditions

Setting Sweep Range

There are two ways to set the sweep area. One is setting according to the start and stop values, and the other is setting according to the center and span values.

Figure 3-4 Sweep Area Setting

Procedure

Step 1. Right-click to open the shortcut menu and click Start/Stop (or press ).

Step 2. When setting the sweep area according to Start/Stop values, change the values in the Start

box and values, change the values in the

Sweep Area Setting Box Input Value

Start Sweep start value.

Stop Sweep stop value.

Center Sweep center value.

Span Sweep span value.

You can use any of the following methods to change the value in the box:

• Right-click in the box and enter the set value by clicking the numerical and unit buttons

• Click the up or down (s or t) button to increase or decease the sweep area setting

• After all character strings in a box have been selected (displayed in reverse), press the

Stop box in the tool bar. When setting the sweep area according to Center/Span

Center box and Span box in tool bar.

that appear.

value.

keys in the ENTRY/NAVIGATION block to enter the sweep area setting value. To set up the sweep start value of 100 MHz, for example, press in the

Start

52 Chapter 3

Setting Measurement Conditions

Setting Sweep Range

box one-by-one.

• When all character strings in the box are selected (displayed in reverse), place the

cursor at the top of the character string by pressing or and pressing the up and

down buttons or turning the rotary knob to increase and decease the sweep area setting value.

• When all character strings in the box are selected (displayed in reverse), enter the sweep area setting value with the external keyboard. To enter the sweep start value of

100 MHz, for example, press (“M” should be typed as a capital letter) in the

Start box and finish the entry by pressing .

NOTE If you enter the sweep start and sweep stop values, the sweep center and sweep span values

will be automatically calculated based on those values and displayed in their respective boxes. On the other hand, if you enter the sweep center and sweep span values, the sweep start and sweep stop values will be automatically calculated based on the entered sweep center and sweep span values and displayed in their respective boxes.

You cannot set up a sweep start value that is larger than the sweep stop value. If you want to sweep from a higher to a lower value, you should first set up the sweep area from a lower to a higher value and then set the sweep direction to “[Down].” For details on setting the sweep direction, see “Selecting Sweep Direction” on page 49.

3. Setting Measurement

Condition

Chapter 3 53

Setting Measurement Conditions

Setting Sweep Area with Marker

You can assign the position of the active marker on a trace (stimulus value) in the same way as setting sweep start value, sweep stop value, or sweep center value. It is also possible to assign the distance between Marker R and Marker 1 (or 2 - 8), which is the difference between stimulus values, in the same way as setting sweep span value (Figure 3-5).

54 Chapter 3

Figure 3-5 Sweep Area Setting with the Marker

Setting Measurement Conditions

Setting Sweep Area with Marker

3. Setting Measurement

Condition

Chapter 3 55

Setting Measurement Conditions

Setting Sweep Area with Marker

Procedure

Step 1. Place the active marker on the new sweep start, sweep stop, or sweep center. To set a sweep

span, place Marker R and Marker 1 (or 2-8) on the trace points corresponding to the new sweep span and set the marker delta mode to delta or fixed delta. At this time, set Marker 1

(or 2-8) to active status (marker display: Chapter 6, “Analysis of Measurement Results,” on page 127.

Ñ). For details on how to use the marker, see

Step 2. Right-click to open the shortcut menu and click

Marker (or press ).

Step 3. Click the Marker To Menu button.

Step 4. Set the position (distance) of markers on a new sweep area by clicking any of the following

buttons for assigning marker values.

Button Assigning Marker Value Sweep Area Display Mode

Start Assign the stimulus value of the active marker as

the sweep start value. As a result, the position of the marker establishes a new sweep start point.

Stop Assign the stimulus value of the active marker as

the sweep stop value. As a result, the position of the marker establishes a new sweep stop point.

Center Assign the stimulus value of the active marker as

the sweep center value. As a result, the position of the marker establishes a new sweep center point.

Delta To Span For Marker R and the active marker (one of

Markers 1 to 8), the smaller marker stimulus value is assigned as the sweep start value and the larger one is assigned as the sweep stop value. As a result, the sweep range between Marker R and the active marker establishes a new sweep span.

NOTE After the sweep area is changed, no trace is displayed in the new sweep area until a new

measurement is taken.

56 Chapter 3

Setting Number of Points (NOP)

The number of points (NOP) per sweep is set by following the procedure below.

Procedure

Step 1. Right-click to open the shortcut menu and click Sweep Setup (or press ).

Step 2. Using the numeric entry dialog box that appears by right-clicking inside the Number Of

Points

box (or using the ENTRY/NAVIGATION block keys on the front panel), enter the

number of points.

NOTE Number of points can be set as an integer from 2 to 801.

Number of points is set by the segment sweep table when the sweep type is segment (segment sweep). For setting the segment sweep table, see “Sweeping a Plural Number of

Sweep Areas under Different Conditions at One Time (Segment Sweep)” on page 66.

Setting Measurement Conditions

3. Setting Measurement

Condition

Chapter 3 57

Setting Measurement Conditions

Oscillator Level Setting

Definition of Oscillator Level Setting

When oscillator is not the sweep parameter (i.e., it’s a fixed parameter), the oscillator unit can be selected from power (dBm), voltage (V) or current (A) depending on the oscillator level setting. Oscillator level units and the definition of their setting values are given below.

Oscillator Level

Definition of Oscillator Level Setting Value

Unit (Osc Unit)

Power [dBm] Power level P

W resistor connected to the measurement terminal (P

the 50 P

Vo l ta g e [ V ] Voltage value V

is equivalent to the power level P50 consumed in

set

terminal is connected to the 50 value is approximately equal to the voltage when the measurement terminal is open

Current [A] Current value I

set

terminal is connected to the 50 value is approximately equal to the voltage when the measurement terminal is shorted

*1.When measuring a DUT having a value of Z

actually applied to the DUT as follows.

set

------------- -----

´=

Zx50+

------------ ------

´=

50+

VxV

*2.When measuring a DUT having a value of Z

actually flowing into the DUT as follows.

xIset

: Setting value of the oscillator level [V])

set

: Setting value of the oscillator level [A])

set

is twice the value of V50 when the measurement

W resistor (V

= V50 ´ 2). This

set

is twice the value of I50 when the measurement

W resistor (I

[W], you can calculate the voltage V

[W], you can calculate the current I

= I50 ´ 2). This

set

[V]

[A]

The accuracies of the levels calculated by Equations 1 and 2 are as follows.

58 Chapter 3

------

æö

30 10

ç÷ èø

1–

100 B+´+±

[%] (Typical)

A: oscillator level accuracy [dB]

B: impedance measurement accuracy [%]

Procedure

Follow the procedure below to specify a fixed oscillator level (AC level) when the sweep parameter is any item other than oscillator level (i.e., frequency or dc bias).

Step 1. Selecting oscillator level unit

Setting Measurement Conditions

Oscillator Level Setting

a. Right-click to open the shortcut menu, and click

b. Click and open the

Osc Unit Box Oscillator Level Unit

Power Power (dBm)

Volt age Voltage (V)

Current Current (A)

Osc Unit box and select the desired oscillator level unit.

Source (or press ).

NOTE The oscillator level unit that you set is used for sweeping the oscillator level and also for

setting the fixed oscillator level, which is used for sweeping any parameter other than oscillator level.

Step 2. Oscillator Level Setting

Using the numeric entry dialog box that appears by right-clicking inside the

Osc Level box

(or using the ENTRY/NAVIGATION block keys on the front panel), enter the Osc level.

For example, use the ENTRY/NAVIGATION block keys to enter the oscillator level of

-10 dBm by pressing to delete the character string in the box and then pressing

3. Setting Measurement

Condition

NOTE For more details on the entry area for the oscillator level and resolution, see “Specification

and Reference Data.”

Chapter 3 59

Setting Measurement Conditions

Setting and Applying dc Bias

Follow the procedure below to apply dc bias to the DUT.

Procedure

CAUTION Whenever you connect a DUT to or disconnect it from the E4991A for measurement, you

must first turn off the dc bias or set the sweep to the hold state (in sweep hold state, dc bias is not applied to the DUT). If this step is not taken, the dc bias may destroy the device.

Step 1. Select the dc Bias Mode:

a. Right-click to open the shortcut menu and click

b. Click to open the

Bias Source Box dc Bias Mode

Current Current Source

Volt age Voltage Source

Step 2. Set the dc Bias Level

Use the numeric entry dialog box that appears by right-clicking inside the (or the ENTRY/NAVIGATION block keys on the front panel) to enter the dcBias level.

Step 3. Set the dc Bias Limit

Use the numeric entry dialog box that appears by right-clicking inside the (or the ENTRY/NAVIGATION block keys on the front panel) to enter the dc Bias Limit value.

Step 4. Apply dc Bias

a. Click the

dc Bias button and turn the dc Bias on.

If this operation is made during a sweep measurement, the sweep mode will automatically stop the sweep. dc Bias will not be applied after the sweep is stopped.

Source (or press ).

Bias Source box and then click to select the dc Bias Mode:

Bias Level box

Bias Limit box

b. Execute sweep measurement according to the operating procedures described in

“Single Sweep, Continuous Sweep and Sweep Stop” on page 63.

Step 5. Monitor dc Bias Level

The level of dc bias applied to the DUT can be displayed by the following procedure.

a. Right-click to open the shortcut menu and click

b. Click the

Bias Monitor button and turn the dc bias level monitor on.

c. Right-click to open the shortcut menu and click

Marker 1 appears on the trace and the dc bias level monitor value at the marker point is displayed at the top of the screen area. For more details on setting and using markers, refer to Chapter 6, “Analysis of Measurement Results,” on page 127.

60 Chapter 3

Source (or press ).

Marker.

Setting Measurement Conditions

Setting the Trigger Source To Start Sweep

Set up the signal source to execute sweep start (i.e., the trigger source) by following the procedure below.

Procedure

Step 1. Right-click to open the shortcut menu and click Trigger S etup (or press ).

Step 2. Click to open the Trigger Source Box and select the desired trigger source.

Trigger Source Box Trigger Source

Internal Internal continuous trigger generated

automatically by the E4991A.

Manual Manual trigger generated by clicking the Manual

button on the Tr i gger S e t u p toolbar or

Trigg er

by pressing

External External trigger implemented upon detecting

TTL signal coming into external trigger input connector of rear panel.

GPIB Bus GPIB trigger implemented by trigger command

to start measurement sent via GPIB.

*1.The manual trigger can also be executed by clicking Trigger-Trigger from the menu bar

or by clicking

Trigger from the shortcut menu displayed by pressing the right button.

NOTE For more details on the characteristics of the signal for an external trigger, see “Chapter 11,

“Specifications and Supplemental Information,” on page 227.”

For more details on using GPIB, see Programming Manual.

3. Setting Measurement

Condition

Chapter 3 61

Setting Measurement Conditions

Selecting Trigger Target (Trigger Event)

You may select the target for trigger generation (trigger event) from single sweep (sweep trigger), one-point measurement (measurement point trigger), or one-segment measurement (segment trigger).

NOTE The trigger event is fixed to On Sweep and cannot be changed when Internal is selected as

the trigger source in “Setting the Trigger Source To Start Sweep” on page 61.

Procedure

Step 1. Right-click to open the shortcut menu and click Trigger Setup (or press ).

Step 2. Click and open the

Trigger Event List Trigger Event

On Sweep Sweep trigger (single sweep is made with each

On Point Measurement point trigger (one point is

On Segment Segment trigger (one segment is measured with

Trigger Event Box and click to select the desired Trigger Event.

trigger).

measured with each trigger).

each trigger).

NOTE It is necessary to prepare a segment sweep table before using a segment trigger. For more

details on preparing a segment sweep table, see “Sweeping a Plural Number of Sweep Areas under Different Conditions at One Time (Segment Sweep)” on page 66.

62 Chapter 3

Setting Measurement Conditions

Single Sweep, Continuous Sweep and Sweep Stop

You may select the type of sweep execution upon trigger generation from single sweep, continuous sweep, and sweep stop.

Procedure

Step 1. Right-click to open the shortcut menu and click Trigger S etup (or press ).

Step 2. Select the sweep mode by clicking one of the three buttons for sweep mode selection.

Sweep Mode Selection button Sweep Mode

Hold Sweep stop (sweep is immediately stopped and

not restarted even if a trigger is generated).

Single Single sweep (single sweep is triggered and

when the sweep finishes Sweep Stop mode is invoked; if you press this button during the sweep, this sweep is stopped and a new single sweep is executed).

Continuous Continuous sweep (sweep is continuously

repeated by trigger generation).

3. Setting Measurement

Condition

NOTE A check mark (Ö) to the left of the sweep mode selection button indicates the mode that is

currently selected and executed.

Chapter 3 63

Setting Measurement Conditions

Selecting Polarity of External Trigger Input Signal

You can select the polarity for trigger signal detection by the external trigger input connector on the rear panel by following the procedure below.

Procedure

Step 1. Right-click to open the shortcut menu and click Trigger Setup (or press ).

Step 2. Click the Trigger Polarity Button and select the external trigger signal polarity.

Trigger Polarity Button External Trigger Signal Polarity

Positive Positive polarity (detects increasing TTL signal

and triggers).

Negative Negative polarity (detects decreasing TTL signal

and triggers).

64 Chapter 3

Setting Measurement Conditions

CW Frequency Setting

When you set the sweep parameter to one other than frequency (source level, dc bias voltage, or dc bias current), set the fixed measurement frequency (CW frequency) by following the procedure below.

NOTE When the sweep parameter is set to frequency, it is not possible to set CW frequency. In

order to set CW frequency, you should preset the sweep parameter to one other than frequency according to “Selecting Sweep Parameter” on page 46.

Procedure

Step 1. Right-click to open the shortcut menu and click Source (or press ).

Step 2. Using the numeric entry dialog box that appears by right-clicking inside the CW Freq box

(or using the ENTRY/NAVIGATION block keys on the front panel), enter the CW frequency.

For example, to set the CW frequency, click

one-by-one with the ENTRY/NAVIGATION block keys on the front

panel).

100M in the numeric entry dialog box (or press

3. Setting Measurement

Condition

Chapter 3 65

Setting Measurement Conditions

Sweeping a Plural Number of Sweep Areas under Different Conditions at One Time (Segment Sweep)

When linear sweep or log sweep is selected as the sweep type in frequency sweep, certain measurement conditions like the point averaging factor and the oscillator level are uniform over the entire single sweep. Consequently, it is not possible to change such settings for a particular area.

In segment sweep, on the other hand, a plural number of frequency areas, which are called “segments,” can be individually set by users. In this case, certain measurement conditions (i.e., number of points, point averaging factor, source unit/oscillator level, DC bias mode/level/limit) can be set for each segment, and the entire series of such segment setups can be sequentially executed as a single sweep (Figure 3-6).

By using this feature, it is possible to take a sweep measurement in only the desired area and to skip the frequency areas that you do not need to measure. It is also possible to set optimal measurement conditions for each designated segment. For example, you can increase the point averaging factor and number of points for segments that require measurements with higher stability and more accurate frequency resolution (as resonance point). For segments without such stringent measurement requirements, you can set the conditions to enable high-speed measurement.

Figure 3-6 Concept of Segment Sweep

66 Chapter 3

Sweeping a Plural Number of Sweep Areas under Different Conditions at

Procedure

Step 1. Preparation of segment table

Setting Measurement Conditions

One Time (Segment Sweep)

a. Right-click to open the shortcut menu and click

b. Click the

Segment Table Menu button.

The segment sweep setup table (Figure 3-7) is displayed.

Figure 3-7 Segment Sweep Setup Table

Sweep Setup (or press ).

3. Setting Measurement

Condition

c. Click the

Add Segment button to add a new segment in the Segment Sweep Table.

The default values for the first segment are listed in the columns of Chapter G, “Initial Settings,” on page 417. When the table already has segments, the last segment in the table is copied to create a new segment.

d. Edit the added segment using the following buttons and boxes.

Segment Sweep Setting Button/Box Setting Function

Start spin box This sets sweep start frequency of segment.

Stop spin box This sets sweep stop frequency of segment.

Number Of Points spin box This sets number of points of segment.

Point Average spin box This sets point averaging factor of segment.

Delete Segment button This deletes the segment designated in the

Segment No. box from the table.

Chapter 3 67

Setting Measurement Conditions

Sweeping a Plural Number of Sweep Areas under Different Conditions at One Time (Segment Sweep)

Segment Sweep Setting Button/Box Setting Function

More button This opens the toolbar showing the buttons

described below.

<< button This returns to the toolbar showing the buttons

described above.

Osc Level spin box This sets source level of segment.

Osc Unit list box This selects source level unit in segment sweep

from among

Bias Level spin box This sets DC bias level of segment.

Bias limit spin box This sets DC bias limit of segment.

Bias Source list box This selects either Volta ge or Current as DC

bias mode in segment sweep.

*1.This is a setting common to all segments (cannot be set individually for each segment).

Power, Volt age and Current.

To change the numeric value in a spin box, right-click in the box to open and use the numeric entry dialog box, or use the ENTRY/NAVIGATION block keys on the front panel.

To select an item in a box, click to open the box and then click to select the item.

The maximum number of segments in a table is 16. The maximum number of measurement points in the entire table is 801.

e. Repeat step c and step d to complete the required segments.

To modify one of the created segments, enter the segment number in the

Segment No.

spin box and edit the segment in accordance with step d.

NOTE You can directly call up the setup box for changing an item’s value by clicking the current

value in the segment table on the screen (Figure 3-7).

68 Chapter 3

Sweeping a Plural Number of Sweep Areas under Different Conditions at

Figure 3-8 Area to Click and Call Setup Box (Inside the Frame)

Setting Measurement Conditions

One Time (Segment Sweep)

Step 2. Selecting segment as a sweep type

a. Right-click to open the shortcut menu and click

b. Click to open the

Sweep Type box and then select Segment (Segment Sweep).

Sweep Setup (or press ).

Step 3. Setting a graph’s horizontal axis in the segment sweep

Click the

Segment Display button and select the appropriate setting for the graph’s

horizontal axis by referring to the table below (See Figure 3-9).

Segment Display Button Graphic Horizontal Axis Display

Segment Display [Order Base] Order base (defines the horizontal axis at equal

intervals in order of measurement).

Segment Display [Freq Base] Frequency base (defines the horizontal axis as a

linear frequency axis with the minimum frequency at the left end and the maximum frequency at the right end of the sweep table).

Segment Display [Log Freq Base] Log frequency base (defines the horizontal axis

as a log frequency axis with the minimum frequency at the left end and the maximum frequency at the right end of the sweep table).

3. Setting Measurement

Condition

Chapter 3 69

Setting Measurement Conditions

Sweeping a Plural Number of Sweep Areas under Different Conditions at One Time (Segment Sweep)

Figure 3-9 Order Base Display and Frequency Base Display

70 Chapter 3

Averaging Measurement Results

Averaging Plural Sweeps (Sweep-to-Sweep Averaging)

Sweep-to-sweep averaging means to average the data (vector quantities) of all points based on the index average of a continuous sweep weighed with an averaging factor designated by the user. Sweep-to-sweep averaging is performed according to Equation 3-1:

Equation 3-1 Sweep-to-sweep averaging calculation formula

Setting Measurement Conditions

Averaging Measurement Results

where:

= Calculation result of sweep-to-sweep averaging from n-times sweeping at the

measurement point (vector quantity). S

= Measurement value from n-times sweeping at the measurement point (vector

quantity). F = Sweep-to-sweep averaging n-times.

Set the sweep-to-sweep averaging by following the procedure below.

Procedure

Step 1. Right-click to open the shortcut menu and click

Step 2. Click the Sweep Average button to turn the sweep-to-sweep averaging on.

Step 3. Enter the number of times for sweep-to-sweep averaging with the numeric entry dialog box

that appears by right-clicking inside the ENTRY/NAVIGATION block keys on the front panel.

For example, to set the sweep-to-sweep averaging number of times to 8, click in the numeric entry dialog box (or press using the ENTRY/NAVIGATION

block keys on the front panel).

-----

æö

---

–

èø

´+=

n 1–

Meas/Format (or press ).

Swp Avg Count box or with the

8 and Enter

3. Setting Measurement

Condition

Figure 3-10 Displaying Sweep-to-Sweep Averaging Counter

Chapter 3 71

Setting Measurement Conditions

Averaging Measurement Results

NOTE You may set the number of times for sweep-to-sweep averaging in integers from 1 to 999.

If you click the

Sweep Average Restart button while performing sweep-to-sweep

averaging, n in Equation 3-1 will be reset to 1.

72 Chapter 3

Averaging by Each Measurement Point (Point Averaging)

With point averaging, each measurement point is measured the number of times designated by the user, and the average measured vector quantity sets the value for that point. Accordingly, sweep time becomes longer in proportion to an increased number of times set for averaging. Point averaging is performed according to Equation 3-2.

Equation 3-2 Point Averaging Calculation Formula

---

where;

M = Calculation result of point averaging at the measurement point (vector quantity). S

= Measurement value from n-times sweeping at the measurement point (vector

quantity). F = Point averaging n-times.

Set point averaging by following the procedure below.

n 1=

Setting Measurement Conditions

Averaging Measurement Results

Procedure

Step 1. Right-click to open the shortcut menu and click

Step 2. Enter the number of times for point averaging with the numeric entry dialog box that

appears by right-clicking inside the block keys on the front panel.

For example, to set the point averaging number of times to 8, click numeric entry dialog box (or press using the ENTRY/NAVIGATION block

keys on the front panel).

Figure 3-11 Displaying Point Averaging Number

Point Avg box or with the ENTRY/NAVIGATION

3. Setting Measurement

Condition

Sweep Setup (or press )

8 and Enter in the

NOTE You may set the number of times for point averaging in integers from 1 to 100.

Chapter 3 73

Setting Measurement Conditions

Averaging Measurement Results

74 Chapter 3

4 Calibration and Compensation

It is necessary to perform calibration and compensation before using the Agilent E4991A to take measurements.

4. Calibration and

Compensation

Calibration and Compensation

Outline of Calibration and Compensation Functions

Any measuring instrument, however sophisticated it may be, has a certain degree of error in actual use. The functions of calibration and compensation of the E4991A minimize possible errors and assure higher measurement accuracy.

Types of Calibration and Compensation

The E4991A has five calibration/compensation functions as shown in Table 4-1.

Table 4-1 Calibration/Compensation Functions of E4991A

Calibration/compensation functions

Calibration of open/short/load All calibration data are measured by

Calibration of low-loss capacitor The calibration data are measured by

Port extension compensation

Fixture electrical length compensation

Execution Method Effect

connecting three standards (open, short, and load) one-by-one to the desired reference plane (connector). This reference plane is called the calibration reference plane.

connecting the low-loss capacitor to the calibration reference plane after completing the open/short/load calibration. This can only be executed when the 7-mm connector is used as the calibration reference plane.

When the port is extended from the compensation reference plane by a coaxial cable, enter the delay time (sec.) of the extension as a numerical value and regard the corresponding extended portion as a distributed parameter circuit without loss.

Electrical length is entered as a numerical value. Since the electrical length of an exclusive-use test fixture is registered in the E4991A, the necessary electrical length can be set by simply selecting the model number of the test fixture used.

The error factors within the area from the instrument body to the calibration reference plane are removed. If calibration is performed for the connector of the DUT, it is not necessary to execute any further calibration/compensation.

This decreases high Q (low-loss coefficient) above the frequency band near 1 GHz, which is difficult to decrease by only using open/short/load calibration.

This compensates additional error caused by phase shift in the area of the port extended by the coaxial cable.

This compensates additional errors caused by phase shift at the test fixture.

Compensation of open/short All compensation data are measured after

bringing the tested device’s connecting terminal to the open and/or short state.

*1.Port extension compensation is not required when an Agilent text fixture is directly connected to the 7-mm termi-

nal of the test head.

This removes any additional measurement error caused by residual impedance in the test fixture.

76 Chapter 4

Calibration Reference Plane and Calibration Standard

Before choosing which method of calibration and compensation to use, you must first decide where to set the calibration reference plane. The most common calibration reference plane is the 7-mm terminal plane in front of the test head. In this case, you may use open, short, load, and low-loss capacitor standards included in the calibration kit supplied with the E4991A. You may also use the terminal plane as a calibration reference plane for connecting the tested device. However, you need to use a calibration standard (working standard) that has a similar shape to the device under test.

Figure 4-1 Calibration Reference Plane

Calibration and Compensation

Outline of Calibration and Compensation Functions

Chapter 4 77

4. Calibration and

Compensation

Calibration and Compensation

Outline of Calibration and Compensation Functions

Table 4-2 Calibration Reference Plane and Necessary Calibration/Compensation

Calibration Reference Plane

7-mm terminal for test head (A)

Terminal for connecting to the DUT (B)

*1.In extending the coaxial cable from the 7-mm terminal of test head to the test fixture, it is possible to compensate

the port extension for the extended portion. For more on the port extension, see “Port Extension Compensation” on page 86.

*2.Since the low-loss capacitor is the 7-mm type, this calibration can only be executed when the calibration reference

plane is a 7-mm terminal.

*3.When using an exclusive-use test fixture with a registered electrical length, you only need to select the model num-

ber of the fixture.

*4.This is a reference device that has a similar shape to the device under test.

Necessary Calibration/Compensation Place and Method of Execution

1. Calibration for open/short/load Connect the coaxial terminal calibration kit

2. Calibration of low-loss capacitor (This calibration is only used for such cases as high-Q measurement when high accuracy or consideration of low-loss factor is required at a frequency above approx. 1 GHz.)

3. Compensation for a fixture’s electrical length

4. Compensation of open/short Bring the tested device’s connecting

Calibration of open/short/load

to the coaxial terminal of the test head (calibration reference plane).

Connect the low-loss capacitor to the calibration reference plane.

Enter this electrical length into the Agilent E4991A as data covering the area from the calibration reference plane to the tested

device connecting plane.

terminal into the open and short states.

Connect the working standard*4 to the tested device’s connecting terminal to make a calibration reference plane.

Calibration/Compensation measurement point mode

The E4991A has three modes for defining the measurement points when the calibration and compensation data are measured.

User-defined frequency/User-defined power point mode

Obtain calibration/compensation data at the same frequency and power points as used in actual device measurement, which are determined by the sweep setups. Each set of calibration/compensation data is applied to each measurement at the same points.

Fixed frequency/fixed power point mode

Obtain calibration/compensation data in a fixed frequency (Table 4-4) and power (Table 4-5) range of the each measurement point by using interpolation.

Fixed frequency/user-defined power point mode

Obtain calibration/compensation data at fixed frequency points (Table 4-4) covering the entire frequency range of the E4991A and at the same power points used in actual device

78 Chapter 4

E4991A. In device measurement, calibration or compensation is applied to

Calibration and Compensation

Outline of Calibration and Compensation Functions

measurement, which are determined by the sweep setups. Frequency interpolation is used to apply calibration or compensation to the device measurement.

Table 4-3 Calibration/Compensation Measurement Point Mode

Calibration/Compensation Measurement Condition

Calibration/Compensation

Measurement Point Mode

Frequency Power

Number of

measurement

points

Advantages Disadvantages

User-defined frequency / User-defined power point mode (User Freq&Pwr)

Fixed frequency / Fixed power point mode (Fixed Freq&Pwr)

Fixed frequency / User-defined power point

mode

(FixedFreq,

UserPwr)

Frequency points determined by sweep setups

372 Preset points (Table 4-4)

Power points determined by sweep setups

372 Preset points (Table 4-5)

Power points determined by sweep setups

Same as the number of sweep measurement points (NOP)

372 ´ 3 = 1116 points

372 points Not necessary to

*1.This mode can be selected only when the sweep parameter is set to frequency.

The most accurate DUT measurement can be performed.

Not necessary to retake the calibration / compensation data even if the measurement points are changed.

retake the calibration / compensation data if the frequency points are changed.

Need to retake the calibration/ compensation data if measurement points (frequency and/or power) are changed.

Takes longer time to complete calibration/ compensation data measurement due to large number of measurement points.

Chapter 4 79

4. Calibration and

Compensation

Calibration and Compensation

Outline of Calibration and Compensation Functions

Table 4-4 Fixed Frequency Points for Calibration/Compensation Data Measurement

(total 372 points)

1.00 MHz, 1.03 MHz, 1.06 MHz, 1.09 MHz, 1.12 MHz, 1.15 MHz, 1.18 MHz, 1.21 MHz, 1.24 MHz, 1.26 MHz, 1.29 MHz, 1.32 MHz, 1.35 MHz, 1.38 MHz, 1.41 MHz, 1.44 MHz, 1.47 MHz, 1.50 MHz, 1.55 MHz,

1.60 MHz, 1.65 MHz, 1.70 MHz, 1.75 MHz, 1.80 MHz, 1.85 MHz, 1.90 MHz, 1.95 MHz, 2.00 MHz, 2.10 MHz, 2.20 MHz, 2.30 MHz, 2.40 MHz, 2.50 MHz, 2.60 MHz, 2.80 MHz, 3.00 MHz, 3.20 MHz, 3.40 MHz,

3.60 MHz, 3.80 MHz, 4.00 MHz, 4.30 MHz, 4.60 MHz, 5.00 MHz, 5.50 MHz, 6.00 MHz, 6.50 MHz, 7.00 MHz, 7.50 MHz, 8.00 MHz, 9.00 MHz,

10.0 MHz, 11.0 MHz, 12.0 MHz, 13.0 MHz, 14.0 MHz, 15.0 MHz, 16.0 MHz, 18.0 MHz, 20.0 MHz, 22.0 MHz, 24.0 MHz, 26.0 MHz, 28.0 MHz, 30.0 MHz, 33.0 MHz, 36.0 MHz, 39.0 MHz, 42.0 MHz, 45.0 MHz,

48.0 MHz, 51.0 MHz, 55.0 MHz, 60.0 MHz, 65.0 MHz, 70.0 MHz, 75.0 MHz, 80.0 MHz, 85.0 MHz, 90.0 MHz, 95.0 MHz,

100 MHz, 110 MHz, 120 MHz, 130 MHz, 140 MHz, 150 MHz, 160 MHz, 170 MHz, 180 MHz, 190 MHz, 200 MHz, 210 MHz, 220 MHz, 230 MHz, 240 MHz, 250 MHz, 260 MHz, 270 MHz, 280 MHz, 290 MHz, 300 MHz, 310 MHz, 320 MHz, 330 MHz, 340 MHz, 350 MHz, 360 MHz, 370 MHz, 380 MHz, 390 MHz, 400 MHz, 410 MHz, 420 MHz, 430 MHz, 440 MHz, 450 MHz, 460 MHz, 470 MHz, 480 MHz, 490 MHz, 500 MHz, 510 MHz, 520 MHz, 530 MHz, 540 MHz, 550 MHz, 560 MHz, 570 MHz, 580 MHz, 590 MHz, 600 MHz, 610 MHz, 620 MHz, 630 MHz, 640 MHz, 650 MHz, 660 MHz, 670 MHz, 680 MHz, 690 MHz, 700 MHz, 710 MHz, 720 MHz, 730 MHz, 740 MHz, 750 MHz, 760 MHz, 770 MHz, 780 MHz, 790 MHz, 800 MHz, 810 MHz, 820 MHz, 830 MHz, 840 MHz, 850 MHz, 860 MHz, 870 MHz, 880 MHz, 890 MHz, 900 MHz, 910 MHz, 920 MHz, 930 MHz, 940 MHz, 950 MHz, 960 MHz, 970 MHz, 980 MHz, 990 MHz,

1.00 GHz, 1.01 GHz, 1.02 GHz, 1.03 GHz, 1.04 GHz, 1.05 GHz, 1.06 GHz, 1.07 GHz, 1.08 GHz, 1.09 GHz,

1.10 GHz, 1.11 GHz, 1.12 GHz, 1.13 GHz, 1.14 GHz, 1.15 GHz, 1.16 GHz, 1.17 GHz, 1.18 GHz, 1.19 GHz,

1.20 GHz, 1.21 GHz, 1.22 GHz, 1.23 GHz, 1.24 GHz, 1.25 GHz, 1.26 GHz, 1.27 GHz, 1.28 GHz, 1.29 GHz,

1.30 GHz, 1.31 GHz, 1.32 GHz, 1.33 GHz, 1.34 GHz, 1.35 GHz, 1.36 GHz, 1.37 GHz, 1.38 GHz, 1.39 GHz,

1.40 GHz, 1.41 GHz, 1.42 GHz, 1.43 GHz, 1.44 GHz, 1.45 GHz, 1.46 GHz, 1.47 GHz, 1.48 GHz, 1.49 GHz,

1.50 GHz, 1.51 GHz, 1.52 GHz, 1.53 GHz, 1.54 GHz, 1.55 GHz, 1.56 GHz, 1.57 GHz, 1.58 GHz, 1.59 GHz,

1.60 GHz, 1.61 GHz, 1.62 GHz, 1.63 GHz, 1.64 GHz, 1.65 GHz, 1.66 GHz, 1.67 GHz, 1.68 GHz, 1.69 GHz,

1.70 GHz, 1.71 GHz, 1.72 GHz, 1.73 GHz, 1.74 GHz, 1.75 GHz, 1.76 GHz, 1.77 GHz, 1.78 GHz, 1.79 GHz,

1.80 GHz, 1.81 GHz, 1.82 GHz, 1.83 GHz, 1.84 GHz, 1.85 GHz, 1.86 GHz, 1.87 GHz, 1.88 GHz, 1.89 GHz,

1.90 GHz, 1.91 GHz, 1.92 GHz, 1.93 GHz, 1.94 GHz, 1.95 GHz, 1.96 GHz, 1.97 GHz, 1.98 GHz, 1.99 GHz,

2.00 GHz, 2.01 GHz, 2.02 GHz, 2.03 GHz, 2.04 GHz, 2.05 GHz, 2.06 GHz, 2.07 GHz, 2.08 GHz, 2.09 GHz,

2.10 GHz, 2.11 GHz, 2.12 GHz, 2.13 GHz, 2.14 GHz, 2.15 GHz, 2.16 GHz, 2.17 GHz, 2.18 GHz, 2.19 GHz,

2.20 GHz, 2.21 GHz, 2.22 GHz, 2.23 GHz, 2.24 GHz, 2.25 GHz, 2.26 GHz, 2.27 GHz, 2.28 GHz, 2.29 GHz,

2.30 GHz, 2.31 GHz, 2.32 GHz, 2.33 GHz, 2.34 GHz, 2.35 GHz, 2.36 GHz, 2.37 GHz, 2.38 GHz, 2.39 GHz,

2.40 GHz, 2.41 GHz, 2.42 GHz, 2.43 GHz, 2.44 GHz, 2.45 GHz, 2.46 GHz, 2.47 GHz, 2.48 GHz, 2.49 GHz,

2.50 GHz, 2.51 GHz, 2.52 GHz, 2.53 GHz, 2.54 GHz, 2.55 GHz, 2.56 GHz, 2.57 GHz, 2.58 GHz, 2.59 GHz,

2.60 GHz, 2.61 GHz, 2.62 GHz, 2.63 GHz, 2.64 GHz, 2.65 GHz, 2.66 GHz, 2.67 GHz, 2.68 GHz, 2.69 GHz,

2.70 GHz, 2.71 GHz, 2.72 GHz, 2.73 GHz, 2.74 GHz, 2.75 GHz, 2.76 GHz, 2.77 GHz, 2.78 GHz, 2.79 GHz,

2.80 GHz, 2.81 GHz, 2.82 GHz, 2.83 GHz, 2.84 GHz, 2.85 GHz, 2.86 GHz, 2.87 GHz, 2.88 GHz, 2.89 GHz,

2.90 GHz, 2.91 GHz, 2.92 GHz, 2.93 GHz, 2.94 GHz, 2.95 GHz, 2.96 GHz, 2.97 GHz, 2.98 GHz, 2.99 GHz,

3.00 GHz

Table 4-5 Fixed Power Points for Calibration/Compensation Data Measurement (total 3

points)

-23 dBm, -13 dBm, -3 dBm

80 Chapter 4

Calibration and Compensation

Calibration and Compensation Using 7-mm Test Port as a Calibration

Reference Plane

Calibration and Compensation Using 7-mm Test Port as a Calibration Reference Plane

In order to use the 7-mm test port as a calibration reference plane, the steps given in the procedure below need to be carried out in the order listed.

Figure 4-2 Calibration and Compensation using 7-mm Test Port as Calibration Reference Plane

Step 1. Definition of calibration/compensation

The definitions of the calibration kit and compensation kit to be used should be changed as needed.

For more on this procedure, see “Definition of Calibration/Compensation Kit” on page 91.

Step 2. Open/short/load/low-loss capacitor calibration:

Measure calibration data of open/short/load with the 7-mm terminal of the test head. To measure a device with high Q (low-loss factor) at a frequency higher than approx. 1 GHz, calibration of low-loss capacitor needs to be done.

For more on this procedure, see “Calibration of Open/Short/Load/Low-loss Capacitor” on page 84.

Step 3. Connection of test fixture

Connect the test fixture in front of the 7-mm terminal. For more on the connecting method, see the fixture’s operation manual.

Step 4. Fixture’s electrical length compensation

The electrical length is set according to the kind of fixture used.

For more on this procedure, see “Electrical Length Compensation” on page 87.

4. Calibration and

Compensation

Chapter 4 81

Calibration and Compensation

Calibration and Compensation Using 7-mm Test Port as a Calibration Reference Plane

Step 5. Open/short compensation

Measure the compensation data of open/short according to the test fixture used.

For more on this procedure, see “Fixture Compensation” on page 89.

82 Chapter 4

Calibration and Compensation

Calibration using DUT Connecting Terminal as a Calibration Reference Plane

To use the DUT connecting terminal as a calibration plane, you only need to execute calibration for open/short/load.

Figure 4-3 Calibration using DUT Connecting Terminal as a Calibration Reference Plane

Measure the calibration data according to the following procedure:

Step 1. Definition of calibration kit

The definition of the calibration kit used should be changed as needed.

For more on this procedure, see “Definition of Calibration/Compensation Kit” on page 91.

Step 2. Connection of test fixture

Connect a test fixture in front of the 7-mm terminal. For more on the connecting method, see the fixture’s operation manual.

Step 3. Open/short/load calibration

Measure the calibration data of open/short/load at the DUT connection terminal (used as a calibration reference plane).

For more on this procedure, see “Calibration of Open/Short/Load/Low-loss Capacitor” on page 84. (Note that low-loss capacitor calibration is not performed.)

4. Calibration and

Compensation

Chapter 4 83

Calibration and Compensation

Calibration of Open/Short/Load/Low-loss Capacitor

The calibration data of open/short/load/low-loss capacitor is measured according to the following procedure.

Step 1. Selection of measurement point for calibration/compensation

a. Right-click to open the shortcut menu and click

b. Click the

c. Click to open the

Cal Menu button.

Cal Type box and select the desired calibration/ compensation

Cal/Comp (or press ).

measurement point mode.

Cal Type Box Calibration/Compensation Measurement

Point Mode

Fixed Freq&Pwr Fixed frequency/fixed power point

FixedFreq, UserPwr Fixed frequency/user-defined power point

User Freq&Pwr User-defined frequency/user-defined power

point

Step 2. Measurement of open calibration data

a. Connect the open standard (OS) to the terminal used as the calibration reference plane.

NOTE When connecting a standard (open, short, load, low-loss capacitor) included in the E4991A

calibration kit to the 7-mm terminal, firmly tighten it with the supplied torque wrench. If calibration data is measured when the standard is not adequately secured, this will degrade the repeatability of later measurements.

b. Click the

Meas Open button and measure the open calibration data.

NOTE When you want to interrupt measurement of calibration data, click the Abort Cal Meas

button shown during measurement.

When the measurement of each type of calibration data is finished, a check mark (

Ö) will

appear to the left side of the corresponding calibration execution button. This mark indicates that the calibration data is stored.

Step 3. Measurement of short calibration data.

a. Connect the short standard (0 W) to the terminal used as the calibration reference plane.

b. Click the

Meas Short button and measure short calibration data.

Step 4. Measurement of load calibration data.

a. Connect the load standard (50 W) to the terminal used as the calibration reference

plane.

b. Click the

Meas Load button and measure the load calibration data.

Step 5. Measurement of low-loss capacitor calibration data.

84 Chapter 4

Calibration and Compensation

Calibration of Open/Short/Load/Low-loss Capacitor

If the 7-mm terminal is used as a calibration plane and low-loss capacitor calibration is required, execute the following procedure:

a. Connect the low-loss capacitor to the 7-mm terminal used as the calibration reference

plane.

b. Click the

Meas Low-Loss C (optional) button and measure the low-loss capacitor

calibration data.

NOTE Low-loss capacitor calibration can be performed only when the 7-mm terminal of the test

head is used as the calibration reference plane.

Step 6. Finishing calibration data measurement and confirmation of calibration state.

a. Click the

Done button to finish measuring the calibration data.

NOTE To delete all measured calibration data, click the Cal Reset button. At the same time, all

stored fixture compensation data are also deleted.

b. Confirm the calibration state according to the display of the

Cal Menu button as shown

below.

Display of Cal Menu button Calibration State

Cal Menu [Fix] Calibration is on while in the fixed

frequency/fixed power point mode.

Cal Menu [FixR] Calibration is on while in the fixed

frequency/user-defined power point mode.

Cal Menu [User] Calibration is on while in the user-defined

frequency/user-defined power point mode.

Cal Menu [Uncal] Calibration is off

4. Calibration and

Compensation

Chapter 4 85

Calibration and Compensation

Port Extension Compensation

Port extension compensation is done to compensate the phase shift when the port is extended by a cable connected from the calibration reference plane (generally 7-mm terminal of test head). This function regards the transmission line as a distributed parameter circuit without loss.

Usually, port extension compensation is not necessary because the test fixture is connected directly to the front of 7-mm terminal of the test head.

Procedure

Step 1. Right-click to open the shortcut menu and click the Cal/Comp button (or press

)

Step 2. By using the numeric entry dialog box that appears by right-clicking inside the

Extension

the port extension compensation value (sec.) to be used.

box (or using the ENTRY/NAVIGATION block keys on the front panel), enter

Port

86 Chapter 4

Calibration and Compensation

Electrical Length Compensation

The electrical lengths of the test fixtures shown in Table 4-6 have been registered in the E4991A in advance. To use these fixtures, you may set the needed electrical length by simply selecting the model number of the fixture to be used. If you use fixtures that are not registered, however, you must enter the electrical length as a numerical value.

Table 4-6 Test fixtures with registered electrical lengths

Model Number Electrical Length

16191A 14 mm

16192A 11 mm

16193A 14 mm

16194A 50 mm

16196A 26.2 mm

16196B 26.9 mm

16196C 27.1 mm

16197A 14 mm

16453A 0 mm

16454A (Fixture size: S) 0 mm

16454A (Fixture size: L) 0 mm

NOTE The 16453A is automatically selected when the permittivity measurement (Permittivity) is

selected as material type (

Material Type).

The 16454A (fixture size: S) or 16454A (fixture size: L) can be selected when the permeability measurement (

Permeability) is selected as material type (Material Type).

For selecting the material type, refer to “Setting Material Measurement Parameter (Option 002 only)” on page 43.

4. Calibration and

Compensation

Chapter 4 87

Calibration and Compensation

Electrical Length Compensation

Procedure

Step 1. Selecting fixture

a. Right-click to open the shortcut menu and click

b. Click and open the

Fixture Type box and then click to select the test fixture to be used.

To use a test fixture that is not registered, select

Fixture Type box Test Fixture

None Electrical length compensation off

16191A 16191A

16192A 16192A

16193A 16193A

16194A 16194A

16196A 16196A

16196B 16196B

16196C 16196C

16197A 16197A

16453A 16453A

16454A (S) 16454A (fixture size: Small)

16454A (L) 16454A (fixture size: Large)

Cal/Comp (or press ).

User.

User Test fixture not registered (user fixture)

Step 2. Setting electrical length of user fixture

User is selected in step 1-b, enter the electrical length of the fixture to be used by using

the numeric entry dialog box that appears by right-clicking inside the (or using the ENTRY/NAVIGATION block keys on the front panel).

Fixture Length box

88 Chapter 4

Calibration and Compensation

Fixture Compensation

Fixture compensation is executed according to the following procedure.

NOTE Fixture compensation should always be done after open/short/load calibration, port

extension compensation, or electrical length compensation.

Measuring Fixture Compensation Data

Step 1. Right-click to open the shortcut menu and click the Cal/Comp button (or press

Step 2. Click the

Comp Menu button.

Step 3. Measurement of open compensation data

Open compensation is executed according to the following procedure (if you do not need to execute this procedure, proceed to step 4).

a. Bring the DUT measurement terminal of the test fixture to the open state. For how to

bring it to the open state, see the manual of the test fixture used.

b. Click the

Meas Open button and measure the open compensation data.

NOTE To stop measurement of fixture compensation data, click the Abort Comp Meas button

that appears during compensation data measurement.

When the measurement of each type of calibration data is finished, a check mark (

Ö) will

appear to the left side of the corresponding calibration execution button. This mark indicates that the calibration data is stored.

Step 4. Measurement of short compensation data

Short compensation is executed according to the following procedure (if you do not need to execute this procedure, proceed to step 5).

a. Bring the DUT measurement terminal of the test fixture to the short state. For how to

bring it to the short state, see the manual of the test fixture used.

4. Calibration and

Compensation

b. Click the

Meas Short button and measure the short compensation data.

Step 5. Finishing compensation data measurement and confirmation of compensation state.

Click the

Done button to finish measuring the compensation data.

With this click, fixture compensation automatically turns on (error compensation is executed with compensation data for the measurement).

Fixture Comp Menu Button Display Fixture Compensation State

Comp Menu: [ON]

Comp Menu: [OFF] Off (error compensation is not executed)

On (error compensation is executed with compensation data for the measurement)

Chapter 4 89

Calibration and Compensation

Fixture Compensation

NOTE If you want to turn off the compensation data after they are measured and stored, turn off

each fixture compensation individually according to “Switching Fixture Compensation On/Off” on page 90.

Switching Fixture Compensation On/Off

After measurement of fixture compensation data, you may switch On/Off the stored open compensation data and short compensation data.

Step 1. Right-click to open the shortcut menu and click

Step 2. Click the

Step 3. Click the

Display of Comp Open Button State of Open Compensation

Comp Open: [On] On (open compensation is executed for the

Comp Open: [Off] Off (open compensation is not executed for the

Display of Comp Short Button State of Short Compensation

Comp Short: [On] On (short compensation is executed for the

Comp Short: [Off] Off (short compensation is not executed for the

Comp Menu button.

Comp Open button and Comp Short button to toggle their states On/Off.

Cal/Comp (or press ).

measurement)

NOTE When either open compensation or short compensation should be on, the Comp Menu

button is displayed as “On” (see step 5, Note in “Measuring Fixture Compensation Data” on page 89).

If you click the Done button, all stored compensation data will be automatically turned on.

90 Chapter 4

Agilent E4991A Operations Guide

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Agilent E4991A RF Impedance/Material Analyzer

Operation Manual

Fifth Edition

March 2003

Printed in Japan

Notices

The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.

Agilent Technologies Japan, Ltd.

Component Test PGU-Kobe

Manual Printing History

March 2001 Preliminary (part number: E4991-90000)

April 2001 First Edition (part number: E4991-90010)

July 2001 Second Edition (part number: E4991-90020)

September 2001 Third Edition (part number: E4991-90030)

February 2002 Fourth Edition (part number: E4991-90040)

March 2003 Fifth Edition (part number: E4991-90050)

Safety Summary

• Ground the Instrument

• DO NOT Operate in an Explosive Atmosphere

• Keep Away from Live Circuits

• DO NOT Service or Adjust the Instrument Alone

• DO NOT Substitute Parts or Modify the Instrument

• Dangerous Procedure Warnings

Safety Symbols

General definitions of safety symbols used on the instrument or in manuals are listed below.

Alternating current.

Direct current.

On (Supply).

Off (Supply).

In-position of push-button switch.

Out-position of push-button switch.

Stand-by.

Certification

Warranty

Limitation of Warranty

Exclusive Remedies

Assistance

Typeface Conventions

Sample (bold) Boldface type is used when a term is defined or

Sample (Italic) Italic type is used for emphasis.

Sample menu/button/box Indicates a menu/button/box on the screen labeled

Sample block/toolbar Indicates a block (group of hardkeys) or a toolbar

Documentation Map

The following manuals are available for the Agilent E4991A.

• Operational Manual (Part Number E4991-900x0, attached to Option ABA)

• Installation and Quick Start Guide (Part Number E4991-900x1, attached to Option

• Programming Manual (Part Number E4991-900x2, attached to Option ABA)

1 How to Use This Operation Manual

This chapter explains how to most efficiently use this Operation Manual.

Relationship of Operation Manual Contents to Using the E4991A

Relationship of Operation Manual Contents to Using the E4991A

Operation Corresponding

1. Installation Installation and Quick

2. Understanding functions and measurement flow

3. Performing measurements (manual operation)

Installation and Quick Start Guide

Operation Manual

Operation Manual

Corresponding Chapter

Chapter 2, “Installation Guide”

4. Analyzing and handling measurement data (manual operation)

5. Using control and management facilities (manual operation)

6. Development of automatic measurement system

Operation Manual

Operation Manual

Programming Manual All chapters

2. Function Overview

2 Function Overview

Names and Functions of Front Panel Blocks

Names and Functions of Front Panel Blocks

The names and functions of the E4991A front panel blocks are shown below.

1. Standby switch

Used to turn on/off the power to the E4991A.

2. 3.5-inch built-in floppy disk drive

Do not press the disk eject button while the floppy disk access lamp is lit. If you

3. Color LCD display