The information contained in this document is subject to change
without notice.
Agilent Technologies makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this
material, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of
merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Agilent
Technologies shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for
incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing,
performance, or use of this material.
This chapter provides overall information on the cdmaOne
communications system Option BAC and describes cdmaOne
measurements made by the analyzer. Installation instructions for
adding this option to your analyzer are provided in this section, in case
you purchased this option separately.
Introduction
19
Introduction
What Does the Agilent PSA Series or VSA E4406A Do?
What Does the Agilent PSA Series or
VSA E4406A Do?
This instrument can help determine if a cdmaOne transmitter is
working correctly. When configured for cdmaOne, the instrument can
be used for the testing of a cdmaOne transmitter, according to the
Electronics Industry Association and Telecommunications Industry
Association TIA/EIA-95B, TIA/EIA-97C, and TIA/EIA-98C documents.
These documents define complex, multi-part measurements used to
maintain an interference-free environment. For example, the
documents include measuring the power of a carrier. This instrument
automatically makes measurements using the measurement methods
and limits defined in the standards. The detailed results displayed by
the measurements allow you to analyze cdmaOne system performance.
You may alter the measurement parameters for specialized analysis.
For infrastructure test, the instrument will test base station
transmitters in a non-interfering manner by means of a coupler or
power splitter.
This instrument makes the following measurements:
• Channel Power
• Modulation Accuracy (Rho)
• Spurious Close
• ACPR (Adjacent Channel Power Ratio)
• Code Domain - power, timing, and phase
• Spectrum (Frequency Domain)
Introduction
• Waveform (Time Domain)
20Chapter 1
Introduction
Installing Optional Measurement Personalities
Installing Optional Measurement
Personalities
When you install a measurement personality, you need to follow a three
step process:
1. Determine whether your memory capacity is sufficient to contain all
the options you want to load. If not, decide which options you want to
install now, and consider upgrading your memory. Details follow in
“Do You Have Enough Memory to Load All Your Personality
Options?” on page 21.
2. Install the measurement personality firmware into the instrument
memory. Details follow in “Loading an Optional Measurement
Personality” on page 25.
3. Enter a license key that activates the measurement personality.
Details follow in “Obtaining and Installing a License Key” on page
26.
Adding measurement personalities requires the purchase of an upgrade
kit for the desired option. The upgrade kit contains the measurement
personality firmware and an entitlement certificate that is used to
generate a license key from the internet website. A separate license key
is required for each option on a specific instrument serial number and
host ID.
For the latest information on Agilent Spectrum Analyzer options and
upgrade kits, visit the following web location:
http://www.agilent.com/find/sa_upgrades
Do You Have Enough Memory to Load All Your
Personality Options?
If you do not have memory limitations then you can skip ahead to the
next section “Loading an Optional Measurement Personality” on
page 25. If after installing your options you get error messages relating
to memory issues, you can return to this section to learn more about
how to optimize your configuration.
If you have 64 MBytes of memory installed in your instrument, you
should have enough memory to install at least four optional
personalities, with plenty of memory for data and states.
Introduction
The optional measurement personalities require different amounts of
memory. So the number of personalities that you can load varies. This is
also impacted by how much data you need to save. If you are having
memory errors you must swap the applications in or out of memory as
needed. If you only have 48 MBytes of memory, you can upgrade your
Chapter 121
Introduction
Installing Optional Measurement Personalities
hardware to 64 MBytes.
Additional memory can be added to any PSA Series analyzer by
installing Option 115. With this option installed, you can install all
currently available measurement personalities in your analyzer and
still have memory space to store more state and trace files than would
otherwise be possible.
To see the size of your installed memory for PSA Series Spectrum
Analyzers:
1. Ensure that the spectrum analyzer is in spectrum analyzer mode
because this can affect the screen size.
2. Press
System, More, Show Hdwr.
3. Read Flash Memory size in the table. If Option 115 is installed (PSA
only), the table will also show Compact Flash Type and Compact Flash Size.
PSA Flash
Memory Size
64 Mbytes32.5 MBytes30.0 MBytes
48 Mbytes16.9 MBytes14.3 MBytes
PSA Compact Flash
Memory Size
512 Mbytes (Opt. 115)512 MBytes
Available Memory
Without Option
B7J and Option
122 or 140
Available Additional Memory for
Measurement Personalities
Available Memory With
Option B7J and Option 122 or
140
To see the size of your installed memory for E4406A Transmitter
Introduction
Testers:
1. Press the
System key, MORE (1 of 3), and MORE (2 of 3) keys.
2. Read the
File System Key - The total of the entries for Used and Free
memory will total the installed flash memory, either 48 or 64
MBytes.
If you have 48 MBytes of memory, and you want to install more than 3
optional personalities, you may need to manage your memory
resources. The following section, “How to Predict Your Memory
Requirements” on page 23, will help you decide how to configure your
installed options to provide optimal operation.
22Chapter 1
Introduction
Installing Optional Measurement Personalities
How to Predict Your Memory Requirements
If you plan to install many optional personalities, you should review
your memory requirements, so you can determine whether you have
enough memory (unless you have a PSA Series with Option 115). There
is an Agilent “Memory Calculator” available online that can help you do
this, or you can make a calculated approximation using the information
that follows. You will need to know your instrument’s installed memory
size as determined in the previous section and then select your desired
applications.
NOTEIf you have a PSA Series analyzer with Option 115, there is adequate memory
to install all of the available optional personalities in your instrument.
To calculate the available memory on your E4406, see:
http://sa.tm.agilent.com/E4406A/memory/
To calculate the available memory on your PSA, see:
http://sa.tm.agilent.com/PSA/memory/
Select the “Memory Calculator” link. You can try any combination of
available personalities to see if your desired configuration is compatible
with your installed memory.
NOTEFor PSA: After loading all your optional measurement personalities, you
should have a reserve of ~2 MBytes memory to facilitate mode switching. Less
available memory will increase mode switching time. For example, if you
employ excessive free memory by saving files of states and/or data, your mode
switching time can increase to more than a minute.
You can manually estimate your total memory requirements by adding
up the memory allocations described in the following steps. Compare
the desired total with the available memory that you identified in the
previous section.
1. Program memory - Select option requirements from the table
“Measurement Personality Options and Memory Required” on
page 24.
2. For PSA only: shared libraries require 7.72 MBytes.
3. For PSA only: recommended mode swap space is 2 MBytes.
4. Screens - .gif files need 20-25 kBytes each.
5. State memory - State file sizes range from 21 kB for SA mode to
40 kB for W-CDMA. The state of every mode accessed since power-on
will be saved in the state file. File sizes can exceed 150 kB each when
several modes are accessed, for each state file saved.
TIPState memory retains settings for all states accessed before the Save State
command. To reduce this usage to a minimum, reduce the modes accessed
before the Save State is executed. You can set the PSA to boot into a selected
mode by accessing the desired mode, then pressing the System, Power
On/Preset, Power On keys and toggle the setting to Last.
Introduction
Chapter 123
Introduction
Installing Optional Measurement Personalities
Measurement Personality Options and Memory Required
Personality Options
for PSA Series Spectrum Analyzers
a
OptionFile Size
(PSA Rev: A.10)
cdmaOne measurement personalityBAC1.91 Mbytes
NADC and PDC measurement personalities (not
BAE2.43 Mbytes
available separately)
W-CDMA or W-CDMA, HSDPA, HSUPA
BAF, 210
5.38 Mbytes
measurement personality
cdma2000 or cdma2000 w/ 1xEV-DV measurement
personality
1xEV-DO measurement personality204
GSM (with EDGE) measurement personality202
Shared measurement library
b
Phase Noise measurement personality226
Noise Figure measurement personality219
Basic measurement personality with digital demod
hardware
(available with Option 23A - Trigger support for
AM/FM/PM and Option 23B - CCITT filter)
EMC Analyzer
239
4.06 Mbytes
b
a. Available as of the print date of this guide.
b. Many PSA Series personality options use a 7.72 Mbyte shared measurement library. If
you are loading multiple personalities that use this library, you only need to add this
memory allocation once.
c. Shared measurement library allocation not required.
d. This is a no charge option that does not require a license key.
24Chapter 1
Introduction
Installing Optional Measurement Personalities
Personality Options
for E4406A Transmitter Tester
cdmaOne measurement personalityBAC1.82 Mbytes
NADC measurement personalityBAE1.10 Mbytes
PDC measurement personalityBAE1.23 Mbytes
W-CDMA or W-CDMA, HSDPA, HSUPA
measurement personality
cdma2000 or cdma2000 w/ 1xEV-DV
measurement personality
1xEV-DO measurement personality2044.84 Mbytes
GSM (with EDGE) measurement
personality
GSM measurement personalityBAH2.51 Mbytes
EDGE upgrade from BAH measurement
personality
iDEN measurement personalityHN12.10 Mbytes
WiDEN measurement personalityHN11.58 Mbytes
a
OptionFile Size
(E4406A Rev: A.10)
BAF, 2105.00 Mbytes
B78, 2143.88 Mbytes
2023.56 Mbytes
252 (202)3.56 Mbytes
Baseband I/Q Inputs B7Cn/a (hardware only)
a. Available as of the print date of this guide.
Memory Upgrade Kits
The PSA 64 MByte Memory Upgrade kit part number is
E4440AU-ANE. The PSA Compact Flash Upgrade kit part number is
E4440AU-115.
The VSA 64 MByte Memory Upgrade kit part number is
E4406AU-ANE.
For more information about memory upgrade kits contact your local
sales office, service office, or see:
http://www.agilent.com/find/sa_upgrades
Loading an Optional Measurement Personality
You must use a PC to load the desired personality option into the
instrument memory. Loading can be done from a firmware CD-ROM or
by downloading the update program from the internet. An automatic
loading program comes with the files and runs from your PC.
You can check the Agilent internet website for the latest PSA firmware
versions available for downloading:
Introduction
http://www.agilent.com/find/psa_firmware
Chapter 125
Introduction
Installing Optional Measurement Personalities
You can check the Agilent internet website for the latest E4406
firmware versions available for downloading:
http://www.agilent.com/find/e4406a_firmware
NOTEWhen you add a new option, or update an existing option, you will get the
updated versions of all your current options as they are all reloaded
simultaneously. This process may also require you to update the instrument
core firmware so that it is compatible with the new option.
Depending on your installed hardware memory, you may not be able to
fit all of the available measurement personalities in instrument
memory at the same time. You may need to delete an existing option file
from memory and load the one you want. Use the automatic update
program that is provided with the files. Refer to the table showing
“Measurement Personality Options and Memory Required” on page 24.
The approximate memory requirements for the options are listed in this
table. These numbers are worst case examples. Some options share
components and libraries, therefore the total memory usage of multiple
options may not be exactly equal to the combined total.
Obtaining and Installing a License Key
If you purchase an optional personality that requires installation, you
will receive an “Entitlement Certificate” which may be redeemed for a
license key specific to one instrument. Follow the instructions that
accompany the certificate to obtain your license key.
To install a license key for the selected personality option, use the
following procedure:
NOTEYou can also use this procedure to reinstall a license key that has been deleted
during an uninstall process, or lost due to a memory failure.
Introduction
For PSA:
1. Press
editor. Use this alpha editor to enter letters (upper-case), and the
front-panel numeric keys to enter numbers for the option
designation. You will validate your option entry in the active
function area of the display. Then, press the
2. Press
You will validate your license key entry in the active function area of
the display. Then, press the
System, More, More, Licensing, Option to accesses the alpha
Enter key.
License Key to enter the letters and digits of your license key.
Enter key.
3. Press the
26Chapter 1
Activate License key.
For E4406:
Introduction
Installing Optional Measurement Personalities
1. Press
System, More, More, Install, Choose Option to accesses the alpha
editor. Use this alpha editor to enter letters (upper-case), and the
front-panel numeric keys to enter numbers for the option
designation. You will validate your option entry in the active
function area of the display. Then, press the
NOTEBefore you enter the license key for the EDGE Retrofit Option 252, you
Done key.
must already have entered the license key for the GSM Option BAH.
2. Press
License Key to enter the letters and digits of your license key.
You will validate your license key entry in the active function area of
the display. Then, press the
3. Press the
Install Now key. The message “New option keys become
active after reboot.” will appear, along with the
press the
Yes key and cycle the instrument power off and then on to
complete your installation process, or press the
Done key.
Yes/No menu:
No key to cancel the
installation process.
Viewing a License Key
Measurement personalities purchased with your instrument have been
installed and activated at the factory before shipment. The instrument
requires a License Key unique to every measurement personality
purchased. The license key is a hexadecimal number specific to your
measurement personality, instrument serial number and host ID. It
enables you to install, or reactivate that particular personality.
Introduction
Use the following procedure to display the license key unique to your
personality option that is already installed in your PSA:
Press
Personality key displays the personalities loaded, version
System, More, More, Licensing, Show License. The System,
information, and whether the personality is licensed.
Use the following procedure to display the license key unique to your
personality option that is already installed in your E4406:
Press
System, More, More, Install, Choose Option to enter the letters
and numbers for the option you want. You can see the key on the
License Key menu key. Press the Done key.
NOTEYou will want to keep a copy of your license key in a secure location. Press
System, More, then Licensing, Show LicenseShow System, and print out a
copy of the display that shows the license numbers. If you should lose your
license key, call your nearest Agilent Technologies service or sales office for
assistance.
Chapter 127
Introduction
Installing Optional Measurement Personalities
Using the Delete License Key on PSA
This key will make the option unavailable for use, but will not delete it
from memory. Write down the 12-digit license key for the option before
you delete it. If you want to use that measurement personality later,
you will need the license key to reactivate the personality firmware.
NOTEUsing the Delete License key does not remove the personality from the
instrument memory, and does not free memory to be available to install
another option. If you need to free memory to install another option, refer to
the instructions for loading firmware updates located at the URL :
http://www.agilent.com/find/psa/
1. Press System, More, More, Licensing, Option. Pressing the Option key
will activate the alpha editor menu. Use the alpha editor to enter the
letters (upper-case) and the front-panel numeric keyboard to enter
the digits (if required) for the option, then press the
enter the option, you will see your entry in the active function area of
the display.
Enter key. As you
2. Press
Delete License to remove the license key from memory.
Using the Uninstall Key on E4406A
This key will make the option unavailable for use, but will not delete it
from memory. The message “Application Not Licensed” will appear
in the Status/Info bar at the bottom of the display. Record the 12-digit
license key for the option before you delete it. If you want to use that
measurement personality later, you will need the license key to
reactivate the personality firmware.
NOTEUsing the Uninstall key does not remove the personality firmware from
Introduction
the instrument memory, and does not free memory to be available to
install another option. If you need to free memory to install another
option, refer to the instructions for loading firmware updates available
at the URL: http://www.agilent.com/find/vsa/
1. Press System, More(1 of 3), More(2 of 3), Uninstall, Choose Option to
access the alpha editor. Use this alpha editor to enter the letters
(upper-case), and the front-panel numeric keys to enter the numbers
(if required) for the installed option. You will validate your option
entry in the active function area of the display. Then, press the
Done
key.
28Chapter 1
Introduction
Installing Optional Measurement Personalities
2. Pressing the Uninstall Now key will activate the Yes/No menu: press
the
Yes key to continue your uninstall process, or press the No key to
cancel the uninstall process.
3. Cycle the instrument power off and then on to complete the uninstall
process.
Ordering Optional Measurement Personalities
When you order a personality option, you will receive an entitlement
certificate. Then you will need to go to the Web site to redeem your
entitlement certificate for a license key. You will need to provide your
instrument serial number and host ID, and the entitlement certificate
number.
Required Information:Front Panel Key Path:
Model #: (Ex. E4440A)
Host ID:
__________________
Instrument
Serial Number:
__________________
System, Show System
System, Show System
Introduction
Chapter 129
Introduction
Installing Optional Measurement Personalities
Introduction
30Chapter 1
2Making Measurements
This chapter describes procedures used for making measurements of
cdmaOne BTS or MS. Instructions to help you set up and perform the
measurements are provided, and examples of cdmaOne measurement
results are shown.
Making Measurements
31
Making Measurements
cdmaOne Measurements
cdmaOne Measurements
Once in the cdmaOne mode, the following measurements are available
by pressing the
• “Channel Power Measurements” on page 44
• “Modulation Accuracy (Composite Rho) Measurements” on page 47
• “Code Domain Measurements (Base Station)” on page 51
• “Spur Close Measurements” on page 55
• “Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurements” on page 62
• “Waveform (Time Domain) Measurements” on page 77
• “Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR) Measurements” on page 38
• “Using Basic Mode” on page 89
These are referred to as one-button measurements. When you press the
key to select the measurement it will become the active measurement,
using settings and a display unique to that measurement. Data
acquisitions will automatically begin provided trigger requirements, if
any, are met.
MEASURE key:
Making Measurements
32Chapter 2
Making Measurements
Instrument Front Panel Highlights
Instrument Front Panel Highlights
The most commonly used function keys on the VSA and PSA front
panels are located as shown in the illustrations below. The operation of
the keys is briefly explained on the following page. Refer to your User’s
Guide for complete details on all keys.
Figure 2-1 Selected E4406A VSA Series Front Panel Feature Locations
Chapter 233
Making Measurements
Making Measurements
Instrument Front Panel Highlights
Figure 2-2 Selected PSA Series Front Panel Feature Locations
Making Measurements
Selected E4406A VSA and PSA Front-Panel Features
1. The On/Off switch toggles the AC Line power between On and
Standby. A green LED will light when the instrument is On. When
energized in the standby mode, a yellow LED is lit above the switch.
2.
FREQUENCY Channel accesses a key menu to set the analyzer center
frequency in units of Hz, kHz, MHz, or GHz, or by channel number.
These parameters apply to all measurements in the current mode.
MODE accesses a key menu to select one of the measurement
3.
34Chapter 2
Making Measurements
Instrument Front Panel Highlights
personalities installed in the instrument. Each mode is independent
from all other modes.
Mode Setup accesses a key menu that sets parameters specific to the
4.
current mode and can affect all measurements within that mode.
MEASURE accesses a display key menu to initiate one of the various
5.
measurements that are specific to the current mode.
Meas Setup accesses the menus of test parameters that are specific to
6.
the current measurement.
Restart causes a measurement to start again from the initial process
7.
according to the current measurement setup parameters.
RF INPUT port: Type N connector for the E4406A VSA and E4443A,
8.
E4445A, and E4440A PSAs. It is a 2.4 mm connector on the E4446A
and E4448A PSAs and a 3.5 mm connector on all PSAs with Opt
BAB. The maximum input power level is shown next to the port.
9. The
Data Entry keypad is used to enter numeric values. Keypad
entries are displayed in the active function area of the screen and
become valid for the current measurement upon pressing the
Enter
key or selecting a unit of measurement, depending on the parameter.
10.The Display Menu keys allow you either to activate a feature or to
access a more detailed sub-menu. An arrow on the right side of a
softkey label indicates that the key has a further selection menu.
The active menu key is highlighted, however, grayed-out keys are
currently unavailable for use or only show information. If a menu
has multiple pages, succesive pages are accessed by pressing the
More
key located at the bottom of the menu.
Return allows you to exit the current menu and display the previous
11.
menu. If you are on the first page of a mult-page menu (a menu with
(1 of 3) for example), the Return key will exit from that menu.When
you activate another measurement, the return list is cleared. The
Return key will not return you to a previously activated mode, nor
will it alter any values you have entered in previous menus.
Baseband I/Q Inputs (E4406A Option B7C only) Allow you to analyze
a 100 kOhm input for audio measurements. Frequency range is
20 Hz to 250 kHz. The safe input level is 7 Vrms or 20 V DC.
Making Measurements
Chapter 235
Making Measurements
Setting up and Making a Measurement
Setting up and Making a Measurement
Making the Initial Signal Connection
CAUTIONBefore connecting a signal to the instrument, make sure the instrument
can safely accept the signal level provided. The signal level limits are
marked next to the connectors on the front panel.
See “Input Key Menu” for details on selecting input ports and setting
internal attenuation to prevent overloading the instrument.
For PSA only, Tthe “Input Key Menu” also provides details of
Int Preamp
operation.
Using Instrument Mode and Measurement Presets
If you want to set your current measurement personality to a known,
factory default state, press
returning the mode setup and all of the measurement setups in the
mode to the factory default parameters.
NOTEFor PSA, nNote that pressing the Preset key will switch instrument
modes unless the type of preset is selected under
On/Preset is set to Mode or Save User Preset.
To preset only the parameters that are specific to an active, selected
measurement, press
Meas Defaults
will return all the measurement setup parameters to the
Meas Setup, then Restore Meas Defaults. Restore
factory defaults, but only for the currently selected measurement. The
Restore Meas Defaults key may not appear on the first page of the Meas
Setup
menu. If not, press More until the key is available.
Preset. This initializes the instrument by
System, Power
Making Measurements
36Chapter 2
Making Measurements
Setting up and Making a Measurement
The 3 Steps to Set Up and Make Measurements
All measurements need to be set up in 3 steps: first at the Mode level,
second at the Measurement level, then finally the result display may be
adjusted.
1. Select and Set Up the Mode
Press
Press
MODE - All licensed, installed Modes available are shown.
cdmaOne, or select Basic mode to make measurements of
signals with non-standard formats.
Press
Mode Setup - Make any required adjustments to the mode
settings. These settings apply to all measurement in the mode.
2. Select and Set Up the Measurement
Press
ACP, Spectrum or Waveform). The measurement begins as soon as any
MEASURE - Select a specific measurement to be performed (e.g.
required trigger conditions are met. The resulting data is shown on
the display or is available for export.
Press
Meas Setup - Make any adjustments as required to the selected
measurement settings. The settings only apply to this measurement.
3. Select and Set Up a View of the Results
Press
Trace/View - Select a display format for the current
measurement data. Depending on the mode and measurement
selected, other graphical and tabular data presentations may be
available.
X-Scale and Y-Scale adjustments may also be made now.
NOTEA setting may be reset at any time, and will be in effect on the next
measurement cycle or View.
StepPrimary KeySetup KeysRelated Keys
1. Select & set up
a Mode
2. Select & set up
a Measurement
3. Select & set up
a View of the
Results
Chapter 237
MODEMode Setup,
Input (E4406A),
Input/Output (PSA),
FREQUENCY Channel
MEASUREMeas SetupMeas Control,
View/Trace (E4406A),
Trace/View (PSA)
SPAN X Scale,
AMPLITUDE Y Scale
Display
Next Window, Zoom
This section explains how to make an adjacent channel power ratio
(ACPR) measurement on a cdmaOnecellular mobile station. ACPR is a
measurement of the amount of interference, or power, in an adjacent
frequency channel. The results are displayed as a bar graph or as
spectrum data, along with measurement data at specified offset.
Configuring the Measurement System
The mobile station (MS) under test has to be set to transmit the RF
power remotely through the system controller. This transmitting signal
is connected to the instruments RF input port. Connect the equipment
as shown.
Figure 2-3 Adjacent Channel Power Ratio Measurement System
Making Measurements
1. Using the appropriate cables, adapters, and circulator, connect the
output signal from the MS to the RF input port of the instrument.
2. Connect the base transmission station simulator or signal generator
to the MS through a circulator to initiate a link constructed with the
sync and pilot channels, if required.
3. Connect a BNC cable between the 10 MHz OUT port of the signal
generator and the EXT REF IN port of the instrument.
4. Connect the system controller to the MS through the serial bus cable
to control the MS operation.
38Chapter 2
Making Measurements
Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR) Measurements
Setting the MS
From the base transmission station simulator and the system
controller, set up a call using loopback mode to transmit the RF power.
Measurement Procedure
Step 1. Press the Preset key to preset the instrument. The settings will default
to IS-95 standards.
Step 2. Press the
MODE, cdmaOneBasic keys to enable the cdmaOneBasic Mode
measurements.
Step 3. Press the
Mode Setup, Radio, Device keys and toggle to select MS or BTS.
Step 4. To use settings different than for an IS-95 signal, press the
Offsets and Limits keys and select settings for your signal of interest. For
more information see “Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR/ACLR)
Keys” on page 1.
Step 5. To set the measurement center frequency press the
Channel
key, enter a numerical frequency using the front-panel keypad,
and complete the entry by selecting a units key, like
FREQUENCY
MHz. Depending on
the measurement selected, you may have other keys available to select
a channel or slot. For more information see “FREQUENCY Channel
Key Menu”.
Step 6. Press the
MEASURE, ACP keys to initiate the adjacent channel leakage
power ratio measurement.
The following figure shows an example result of ACPR(Total Pwr Ref)
measurements in the bar graph window. The absolute and relative
power levels on both sides of the carrier frequency are displayed in the
graphic window and text window.
Meas Setup,
Chapter 239
Making Measurements
Making Measurements
Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR) Measurements
Figure 2-4 ACPR Measurement - Bar Graph (Default) View
Making Measurements
Figure 2-5 Basic ACP Measurement - Bar Graph (Default) View
The ACP Bar Graph measurement result should look like the above
figure. The bar graph (referenced to the total power) and a text window
are displayed. The text window shows the absolute total power
reference, while the lower and upper offset channel power levels are
displayed in both absolute and relative readings. In this example the
test failed because of excessive power in the lower region.
40Chapter 2
Making Measurements
Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR) Measurements
In the factory default condition, 5 of the total integration power levels,
centered at the carrier frequency and ±765.0 kHz and ±1.995 MHz offset
frequencies, are shown in the default result display. The corresponding
measured data is shown in the text window. When
IS-98D
, Offset to Edge considering the measurement bandwidth is
Radio is set to IS-97D
shown in the mesurement result window instead of Offset Freq for
other radios. Depending on the
Meas Type selection, one of the two
following displays is obtained:
Bar Graph (Total Pwr Ref) - A histogram of powers referenced to
the total power
Bar Graph (PSD Ref) - A histogram of powers referenced to the
mean power spectral density of the carrier in dBm/Hz
Step 7. Press the
View/Trace, Spectrum keys to see the ACPR Spectrum graph
view with the bandwidth marker lines in the graph window. In the
factory default condition, the frequency spectrum with the FFT sweep
type is displayed with the bandwidth marker lines in the graph window.
The corresponding measured data in the text window is the total
integration power levels, in dBc and dBm, within the defined
bandwidth as shown in the figure below.
Figure 2-6 ACPR Measurement - Spectrum View
Chapter 241
Making Measurements
Making Measurements
Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR) Measurements
Figure 2-7 ACP Measurement - Spectrum View
Step 8. If desired, select a
Meas Type setting. Depending on the Meas Type
setting, one of the two following displays is obtained:
Spectrum (Total Pwr Ref) - A spectrum display referenced to the
total power
Spectrum (PSD Ref) - A spectrum display referenced to the mean
power spectral density of the carrier in dBm/Hz
You can improve the update speed of the displayed data values by
turning off the spectrum trace in
Sweep Type is set to Swp, the swept frequency ACPR is displayed as
If
shown below and only
Spectrum is available for View/Trace.
Meas Setup.
While in this view, you can change the vertical scale by pressing the
AMPLITUDE Y Scale key.
NOTEThe Marker key is not available for this measurement.
Troubleshooting Hints
The adjacent channel power ratio measurement can reveal degraded or
defective parts in the transmitter section of the UUT. The following
examples are some areas which can contribute to poor ACPR:
Making Measurements
• DC power supply control of the transmitter power amplifier, RF
power control of the pre-power amplifier stage, and/or I/Q control of
the baseband stage.
42Chapter 2
Making Measurements
Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR) Measurements
• Gain and output power levels of the power amplifier, caused by
degraded gain control and/or increased distortion.
• Amplifier linearity.
Power amplifiers are one of the final stage elements of a base or mobile
transmitter and are a critical part of meeting the important power and
spectral efficiency specifications. Since ACPR measures the spectral
response of the amplifier to a complex wideband signal, it is a key
measurement linking amplifier linearity and other performance
characteristics to the stringent system specifications.
NOTEIf an external attenuator is used, be sure to use the Ext RF Atten key to
include the attenuation value in the displayed measurement result.
For more information on ACP measurements see “Adjacent Channel
Power Ratio (ACPR/ACLR) Measurement Concepts” on page 1.
Chapter 243
Making Measurements
Making Measurements
Channel Power Measurements
Channel Power Measurements
This section explains how to make a cdmaOnecellular measurement on
a cdmaOnecellular mobile station. This test measures the total RF
power present in the channel. The results are displayed graphically as
well as in total power (dB) and power spectral density (dBm/Hz).
Configuring the Measurement System
The mobile station (MS) under test has to be set to transmit the RF
power remotely through the system controller. This transmitting signal
is connected to the instruments RF input port. Connect the equipment
as shown.
Figure 2-8 Channel Power Measurement System
Making Measurements
1. Using the appropriate cables, adapters, and circulator, connect the
output signal from the MS to the RF input port of the instrument.
2. Connect the base transmission station simulator or signal generator
to the MS through a circulator to initiate a link constructed with the
sync and pilot channels, if required.
3. Connect a BNC cable between the 10 MHz OUT port of the signal
generator and the EXT REF IN port of the instrument.
4. Connect the system controller to the MS through the serial bus cable
to control the MS operation.
44Chapter 2
Setting Up the MS
From the base transmission station simulator and the system
controller, set up a call using loopback mode for the MS to transmit RF
power.
Measurement Procedure
Step 1. Press the Preset key to preset the instrument.
Making Measurements
Channel Power Measurements
Step 2. Press the
System, Reference, Freq Ref keys to toggle the frequency
reference to EXT, if required. In the annunciator bar you will see EXT
REF displayed in green.
Step 3. Press the
MODE, More (1 of 2), cdmaOnebasic keys to enable
cdmaOneBasic Mode measurements.
Step 4. Press the
Step 5. Press the
Mode Setup, Radio, Device keys and toggle to select MS or BTS.
MEASURE, Channel Power keys to initiate the channel power
measurement.
Step 6. Press the
FREQUENCY Channel key to set the measurement center
frequency. This frequency should be at the exact center of the band for
which you want to measure the channel power.
Step 7. Press the
Meas Setup, Chan Power Span keys to set the display span for
the channel power measurement. (This does not set the integration
bandwidth. See
front panel keypad, and selecting a unit of frequency like
Integ BW in Step 8 below.) Enter a number by using the
1855, MHz, or
by rotating the RPG knob. This setting should be the exact desired span
of the channel for which you have set the center frequency in Step 5
above. See “Channel Power Keys” on page 1 for more information.
Step 8. Set the power measurement integration bandwidth for the channel
power measurement. Press the
Integ BW key, and enter a number by
using the front panel keypad, and selecting a unit of frequency like
1855, MHz, or by rotating the RPG knob. The adjustment of this value is
coupled to the measurement span setting. The setting can be any
integer frequency between 10% and 61.5% of the span of the channel
which you set in Step 6 above. If desired, once the bandwith setting is
accomplished, the channel power span may be reset to a value greeater
than that allowed by the Span coupling function. The fastest
measurement speed is obtained by using a channel power span that is
only slightly greater than the integration bandwidths. Using Channel
Power Spans that are much greater than the integration bandwidths
slow the measurement and may degrade accuracy.
Making Measurements
For more information see “Channel Power Measurement Concepts” on
page 1
Chapter 245
Making Measurements
Channel Power Measurements
Figure 2-9 Channel Power Measurement Result
Your result should look like the screen above. The total RF power in the
measurement channel span is shown at the left of the lower text
window. The vertical white lines indicate the integration bandwidth
setting.
Step 9. Press the
change the measurement parameters from the default condition.
Troubleshooting Hints
If an external attenuator is used, be sure to use the Ext RF Atten key to
include the attenuation value in the displayed measurement result.
The channel power measurement can reveal the effects of degraded or
defective parts in the transmitter section of the UUT. The following are
areas of concern which can contribute to performance degradation:
• DC power supply control of the transmitter power amplifier, RF
power control of the pre-power amplifier stage, and/or I/Q control of
the baseband stage.
• Gain and output power levels of the power amplifier, caused by
degraded gain control and/or increased distortion.
• Amplifier linearity.
Meas Setup, More (1 of 2) keys to check the keys available to
Making Measurements
46Chapter 2
Modulation Accuracy (Composite Rho) Measurements
Modulation Accuracy (Composite Rho)
Measurements
This section explains how to make a modulation accuracy (composite
Rho) measurement on a cdmaOne mobile station. Rho is the ratio of the
correlated power in a multi coded channel to the total signal power.
Configuring the Measurement System
The mobile station (MS) under test has to be set to transmit the RF
power remotely through the system controller. This transmitting signal
is connected to the instruments RF input port. Connect the equipment
as shown.
Figure 2-10 Modulation Accuracy Measurement System
Making Measurements
1. Using the appropriate cables, adapters, and circulator, connect the
output signal of the MS to the RF input of the instrument.
2. Connect the base transmission station simulator or signal generator
to the MS through a circulator to initiate a link constructed with
sync and pilot channels, if required.
3. Connect a BNC cable between the 10 MHz OUT port of the signal
generator and the EXT REF IN port of the instrument.
4. Connect the system controller to the MS through the serial bus cable
to control the MS operation.
Chapter 247
Making Measurements
Making Measurements
Modulation Accuracy (Composite Rho) Measurements
Setting the MS
From the base transmission station simulator and the system
controller, set up a test mode that modulates only the known short code
sequences in the reverse link. The measurement will not work with a
live phone call on which data is being modulated.
Measurement Procedure
Step 1. Press the Preset key to preset the instrument.
Step 2. Press the
MODE, More (1 of 2), cdmaOne keys to enable the cdmaOne
measurements.
Step 3. Press the
Step 4. Press the
Mode Setup, Radio, Device to toggle the device to MS.
FREQUENCY Channel, Center Frequency keys, and enter the
center frequency by using the numeric front-panel keypad, then select a
units key like
frequency by selecting the
MHz, to set the center frequency. You can also set the
Channel Number key, and then inputting a
channel number using the numeric front-panel keypad, then press
The Mod Accuracy: I/Q Measured Polar Vector measurement
result should look like the above figure. The measurement values for
modulation accuracy are shown in the summary result window.
48Chapter 2
Making Measurements
Modulation Accuracy (Composite Rho) Measurements
Step 6. Press the View/Trace, and I/Q Measured Compl Vector keys to access a
menu which allows you to change the display format to a polar mode,
and allows you to choose to turn off the constellation dots in the display.
Compl Vector - Sets view to the I/Q complementary vector graph of
•
the I/Q signals before the IS-95 complementary filter.
Compl Constln - Sets view to the I/Q complementary constellation
•
graph of the I/Q signals before the IS-95 complementary filter.
Polar Vector - Sets view to the I/Q polar vector graph of the I/Q
•
signals after the IS-95 complementary filter.
Polar Constln - Sets view to the I/Q polar constellation graph of the
•
I/Q signals after the IS-95 complementary filter.
Step 7. Press the
View/Trace, I/Q Error (Quad View) keys to display a combination
view of the Mag Error, Phase Error, and EVM graphs versus chips in
the graph window and the numeric measurement results for Rho, Time
Offset, Freq Error in the text window.
Any of these windows can be selected using the
made full size using the
Chapter 249
Zoom key.
Next Window key and
Making Measurements
Making Measurements
Modulation Accuracy (Composite Rho) Measurements
Step 8. Press the Display key access a menu to set the display control as follows:
I/Q Points - Allows you to specify the number of displayed points for
•
the I/Q waveforms. The range is 1 to 5000 points. The default setting
is 750.
Points/Chip - Allows you to set the number of sample points displayed
•
per chip to either 2, 4, or 8. The default selection is 4.
Chip Dots - Allows you to switch the chip dot display between On and
•
Off. The default setting is On. Set to Off if you do not want the chip
dots to be superimposed on the result traces.
Step 9. Press the
markers depending on the display selected:
Select - Allows you to activate up to four markers with the
•
corresponding numbers, respectively. The selected number is
underlined and its function is defined by pressing the
The default setting is 1.
Normal - Allows you to activate the selected marker to read the
•
magnitude or phase error and the number of chips of the marker
position on the selected trace, for example. Marker position is
controlled by the RPG knob.
Delta - Allows you to read the differences in the magnitude or phase
•
errors and the number of chips between the selected marker and the
next.
Function - Allows you to set the selected marker function to Band
•
Power
Noise functions are not available for this measurement.
Trace - Allows you to place the selected marker on the EVM, Phase
•
Error
, or Mag Error trace. The default setting is EVM.
Off - Allows you to turn off the selected marker.
•
Marker front-panel key to access the menu to configure the
Function key.
, Noise, or Off. The default setting is Off. The Band Power and
Making Measurements
Shape - Allows you to access the menu to set the selected marker
•
shape to
Diamond.
Marker All Off - Allows you to turn off all of the markers.
•
Step 10. Press the
change the measurement parameters from the default condition.
If you have a problem, and get an error message, see “If You Have a
Problem” on page 90.
50Chapter 2
Diamond, Line, Square, or Cross. The default setting is
Meas Setup, More (1 of 2) keys to check the keys available to
Code Domain Measurements (Base Station)
Code Domain Measurements (Base Station)
This section explains how to make a code domain measurement on a
cdmaOne mobile station. This is the measurement of the power levels of
the spread channels in composite RF channels, relative to the total
power within the 1.23 MHz channel bandwidth centered at the center
frequency.
Configuring the Measurement System
The base transmission station (BS) under test has to be set to transmit
the RF power remotely through the system controller. The cdmaOne
modulated interference signal is injected to the antenna output port of
the BS through an attenuator and circulator. The transmitting signal
from the BS is connected to the RF input port of the instrument from
the circulator port. Connect the equipment as shown.
Figure 2-13 Intermodulation Product Measurement System
Making Measurements
1. Using the appropriate amplifier, circulator, bandpass filter,
combiner, cables, and adapters, connect the unmodulated carrier
signal from the signal generator to the output connector of the BTS.
2. Connect the circulator output signal to the RF input port of the
instrument through the attenuator.
3. Connect a BNC cable between the 10 MHz OUT port of the signal
generator and the EXT REF IN port of the instrument.
Chapter 251
Making Measurements
Making Measurements
Code Domain Measurements (Base Station)
4. Connect the system controller to the BTS through the serial bus
cable.
Setting the MS
From the base transmission station simulator and the system
controller, set up a call using loopback mode to transmit RF power.
Measurement Procedure
Step 1. Press the Preset key to preset the instrument.
Step 2. Press the
measurements.
Step 3. Press the
Step 4. Press the
center frequency by using the numeric front-panel keypad, then select a
units key like
frequency by selecting the
channel number using the numeric front-panel keypad, then press
Enter.
Step 5. Press the
measurement.
The next figure shows an example result of a Code Domain Power
measurement. In the graph window, the active channel Walsh code and
symbol rates are shown with those widths of the bars and the measured
channel powers are shown with those heights. The time offset,
frequency error, carrier feedthrough, pilot channel power, paging
channel power, and so forth are shown in the text window.
MODE, More (1 of 2), cdma2000 keys to enable the cdma2000
Mode Setup, Radio, Device to toggle the device to MS.
FREQUENCY Channel, Center Frequency keys, and enter the
MHz, to set the center frequency. You can also set the
Channel Number key, and then inputting a
MEASURE, Code Domain keys to initiate the code domain
Making Measurements
52Chapter 2
Making Measurements
Code Domain Measurements (Base Station)
Figure 2-14 Code Domain Measurement - Power Graph and Metrics View
The Code Domain: Power measurement result should look like the
above figure. The graph window and a text window is displayed. The
text window shows the total power level along with the relative power
levels of the various channels.
Step 6. Press the
View/Trace and Power Graph & Markers keys to display a
combination view of the code domain power graph with markers and
the numeric results measured at up to four marker points .
Figure 2-15 Code Domain Measurement - Power Graph and Markers View
Making Measurements
Chapter 253
Making Measurements
Code Domain Measurements (Base Station)
Step 7. Press the Meas Setup key, and press the Measurement Method key to
select
View/Trace key, Power Timing and Phase to be selected.
Timing Phase. This will allow the last selection under the
Meas Setup, More (1 of 3), More (2 of 3) keys to check the keys
Single to Cont.
available to change the measurement parameters from the default
condition.
If you have a problem, and get an error message, see “If You Have a
Problem” on page 90 or the “Instrument Messages and Functional
Tests” manual.
Meas Control, Measure to
Making Measurements
54Chapter 2
Spur Close Measurements
This procedure measures the spurious emissions in the transmit band
relative to channel power in the selected channel. The unit under test is
typically set for maximum output power. The measurement can be used
when the unit under test is set for output power less than maximum,
however the limits used might not be correct.
Configuring the Measurement System
The mobile station (MS) under test has to be set to transmit the RF
power remotely through the system controller. This transmitting signal
is connected to the instruments RF input port. Connect the equipment
as shown.
Figure 2-17 Modulation Accuracy Measurement System
Making Measurements
Spur Close Measurements
1. Using the appropriate cables, adapters, and circulator, connect the
output signal of the MS to the RF input of the instrument.
2. Connect the base transmission station simulator or signal generator
to the MS through a circulator to initiate a link constructed with
sync and pilot channels, if required.
3. Connect a BNC cable between the 10 MHz OUT port of the signal
generator and the EXT REF IN port of the instrument.
4. Connect the system controller to the MS through the serial bus cable
to control the MS operation.
Chapter 255
Making Measurements
Making Measurements
Spur Close Measurements
Setting the MS
From the base transmission station simulator and the system
controller, set up a test mode that modulates only the known short code
sequences in the reverse link. The measurement will not work with a
live phone call on which data is being modulated.
Measurement Procedure
Step 1. Press the Preset key to preset the instrument.
Step 2. Press the
measurements.
Step 3. Press the
Step 4. Press
Radio Standard, and select the appropriate radio standard for your
device. If you select
setting.
Step 5. Press the
center frequency by using the numeric front-panel keypad, then select a
units key like
frequency by selecting the
channel number using the numeric front-panel keypad, then press
Enter.
Step 6. Press the
The following figure shows an example result of Spur Close Spectrum
measurement. In the graph window, the center segment spectrum is
shown with the limit mask. The total channel power, the worst spur
levels from the carrier level and limit level are displayed in the text
window. The measurement is repeated continuously.
MODE, More (1 of 2), cdmaOne keys to enable the cdmaOne
Mode Setup, Radio, Device to toggle the device to MS.
IS-97D IS98D, you also need to select a Band Class
FREQUENCY Channel, Center Frequency keys, and enter the
MHz, to set the center frequency. You can also set the
Channel Number key, and then inputting a
MEASURE, Spur Close keys to initiate the measurement.
Making Measurements
56Chapter 2
Making Measurements
Spur Close Measurements
Figure 2-18 IS-95A Spur Close Measurement - Center Segment View
Step 7. Press the
Single from Cont. This will restart a single measurement, and allow you
to select a single segment of the spectrum being measured for further
investigation.
Step 8. Press the
Std
is set to IS-97D IS-98D and Band Class is set to 0 (800 MHz) or 3
(JTACS)
MHz)
for Base and Mobile tests, or when Band Class is set to 1 (1900
or 4 (Korean PCS) for Mobile tests, you can select from three
measurement segments as follows:
Lower Segment
•
• Center Segment
• Upper Segment
When Radio Std is set to J-STD-008, or when Radio Std is set to IS-97D
IS-98D
and Band Class is set to 1 (1900 MHz) or 4 (Korean PCS) for Base
tests, you can select from five measurement segments as follows:
Meas Control, Measure keys to toggle the measurement to
View/Trace key. When Radio Std is set to IS-95A, or when Radio
Making Measurements
Chapter 257
Making Measurements
Spur Close Measurements
Figure 2-19 IS-95A Spur Close Measurement - Lower Segment View
Figure 2-20 IS-95A Spur Close Measurement - Upper Segment View
Step 9. Press the
Peak Search front-panel key to set a marker on the highest
spur in the diaplay.
Making Measurements
Step 10. Press the
markers depending on the display selected.
58Chapter 2
Marker front-panel key to access the menu to configure the
Step 11. Press the Meas Setup, More (1 of 2) keys to check the keys available to
change the measurement parameters from the default condition.
Changing the Measurement Setup
This table shows the factory default settings for spurious close
measurements.
Table 2-1 Spur Close Measurement Defaults
Measurement ParameterFactory Default Condition
View/TraceCenter Segment
Avg Number15; On
Avg ModeRepeat
Meas TypeFull
Tx Spur >4 MHz LimitCategory A
Making Measurements
Spur Close Measurements
Make sure the
menu. Press the
Spur Close measurement is selected under the MEASURE
Meas Setup key to access a menu which allows you to
modify the averaging parameters as described in “Setting up and
Making a Measurement” on page 36.
In addition, the following parameters can be modified according to your
measurement requirement:
Meas Type - Allows you to toggle the measurement bandwidth
•
between
and displayed. If set to
Full and Examine. If set to Full, all segments are measured
Examine with the continuous measurement
mode, each segment is repetitively measured and the segment where
the worst spurious signal is found can be repetitively measured and
displayed for further tests.
Tx Spur >4 MHz Limit - Allows you to access the selection menu for the
•
limit masks at the frequency offset more than 4 MHz.
Category A - Sets to use the limit level of power spectral density
—
− 13 dBm/100 kHz for Band Class 0 or 3, or − 13 dBm/1 MHz for
Band Class 1 or 4.
—
Category B - Sets to use the limit level of power spectral density
− 36 dBm/100 kHz for Band Class 0 or 3, or − 30 dBm/1 MHz for
Band Class 1 or 4.
Making Measurements
None - Sets not to use the limit mask, and Upper Segment and
—
Lower Segment are grayed out.
Chapter 259
Making Measurements
Spur Close Measurements
Changing the View
The View/Trace key will allow you to select the desired view of the
measurement from the following. Each of these choices selects a
different part of the frequency spectrum for viewing. The Center
Segment shows the spectrum centered on the carrier channel frequency.
Changing the Display
The AMPLITUDE Y Scale key accesses the menu to set the desired
measurement scale and associated parameters:
Scale/Div - Allows you to enter a numeric value to change the vertical
•
display sensitivity. The range is 0.10 to 20.00 dB with 0.01 dB
resolution. The default setting is 10.00 dB. However, since the
Coupling
measurement result. When you set a value manually,
automatically changes to
Ref Value - Allows you to set the absolute power reference value
•
default is On, this value is automatically determined by the
Scale Coupling
Off.
ranging from − 250.00 to 250.00 dBm with 0.01 dB resolution. The
default setting is 10.00 dBm. However, since the
default is
On, this value is automatically determined by the
measurement result. When you set a value manually,
automatically changes to
Off.
Scale Coupling
Scale Coupling
Scale
Ref Position - Allows you to set the reference position to either Top ,
•
Ctr (center), or Bot (bottom). The default setting is Top.
Scale Coupling - Allows you to toggle the scale coupling function
•
between
Restart front-panel key or the Restart softkey under the Meas Control
On and Off. The default setting is On. Upon pressing the
menu, this function automatically determines the scale per division
and reference values based on the measurement results. When you
set a value to either
automatically changes to
Scale/Div or Ref Value manually, Scale Coupling
Off.
Using the Markers
The Marker front-panel key accesses the menu to configure the markers.
Select 1 2 3 4 - Allows you to activate up to four markers with the
•
corresponding numbers, respectively. The selected number is
underlined and its function is defined by pressing the
The default is 1.
•
Normal - Allows you to activate the selected marker to read the time
position and amplitude of the marker on the Signal envelope trace,
for example. Marker position is controlled by the
Function key.
RPG knob.
Making Measurements
Delta - Allows you to read the differences in time positions and
•
amplitudes between the selected marker and the next.
60Chapter 2
Making Measurements
Spur Close Measurements
• Function - Allows you to define the selected marker function to be
Band Power, Noise, or Off. The default is Off. For measuring Band
Power
, you need to place the Normal marker and then place the Delta
marker.
Trace - Allows you to place the selected marker on the Spectrum
•
trace.
Off - Allows you to turn off the selected marker.
•
•
Shape Diamond - Allows you to access the menu to define the selected
marker shape to be
Diamond.
Marker All Off - Allows you to turn off all of the markers.
•
Diamond, Line, Square, or Cross. The default is
The front-panel
Search key performs a peak search when pressed. A
marker will automatically be activated at the highest peak.
Chapter 261
Making Measurements
Making Measurements
Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurements
Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurements
This section explains how to make a frequency domain measurement on
a cdmaOne base station. An adjacent or an interfering signal can also
be applied, if desired, during spectrum measurements.
If installed, you may use PSA Option 122, the 80 MHz Bandwidth
Digitizer hardware, or PSA Option 140, the 40 MHz Bandwidth
Digitizer hardware to perform Waveform measurements of wideband
signals using Basic Mode.
Configuring the Measurement System
This example shows a base station (BTS) under test set up to transmit
RF power, and being controlled remotely by a system controller. The
transmitting signal is connected to the analyzer RF input port. Connect
the equipment as shown.
Figure 2-21 Spectrum Measurement System
1. Using the appropriate cables, adapters, and circulator, connect the
output signal of the BTS to the RF input of the instrument.
2. Connect the base transmission station simulator or signal generator
to the BTS through a circulator to initiate a link constructed with
sync and pilot channels, if required.
Making Measurements
3. Connect a BNC cable between the 10 MHz OUT port of the signal
generator and the EXT REF IN port of the instrument.
4. Connect the system controller to the BTS through the serial bus
cable to control the BTS operation.
62Chapter 2
Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurements
Setting the BTS
From the base transmission station simulator and the system
controller, set up a call using loopback mode to allow the BTS to
transmit an RF signal.
Measurement Procedure
Step 1. Press the Preset key to preset the instrument.
Making Measurements
Step 2. Press the
MODE, cdma One Basic keys to enable the cdmaOne Basic
Mode measurements.
Step 3. To set the measurement center frequency press the
Channel
key, enter a numerical frequency using the front-panel keypad,
and complete the entry by selecting a units key, like
Step 4. Press the
keypad, and press the
Step 5. Press the
SPAN key, enter a numerical span using the front-panel
MHz key to set the measurement span in MHz.
MEASURE to initiate the spectrum measurement, which is the
FREQUENCY
MHz.
default measurement for cdmaOne Basic.
NOTEA display with both a Spectrum window and an I/Q Waveform window
will appear when you activate a Spectrum measurement. The active
window is outlined in green. Changes to
Amplitude settings will affect only the active window. Use the Next
Window
key to select a different window, and the Zoom key to enlarge a
FREQUENCY, Span, or
window.
The default diaplay shows both
Current (yellow trace) and Average (blue
trace) data. To make viewing the display easier, you can view either the
Current trace or Average separately.
•Press
Trace/View, Trace Display, and select the trace(s) desired for
display.
Chapter 263
Making Measurements
Making Measurements
Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurements
Figure 2-22 Spectrum Measurement - Spectrum and I/Q Waveform (Default
View)
Making Measurements
Figure 2-23 Spectrum Measurement - Spectrum and I/Q Waveform (Default)
View
The spectrum measurement result should look like the above figure.
The measurement result values are shown in the summary result
window.
64Chapter 2
Making Measurements
Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurements
Step 6. Press the View/Trace key to display a menu allowing selection of another
measurement result display including the following:
Spectrum - Provides a combination view of the spectrum graph in
•
parameters of power versus frequency with semi-log graticules, and
the I/Q waveform graph in parameters of voltage and time. Changes
to frequency span or power will sometimes affect data acquisition.
This is equivalent to changing the selected window with the
Next
key.
Spectrum (Time Domain) I/Q Waveform - (Key for PSA only) This graph
is shown below the
display.
I/Q Waveform provides a view of the I/Q waveform in
Spectrum graph in the default dual-window
parameters of voltage versus time in linear scale. Changes to sweep
time or resolution bandwidth can affect data acquisition.
Figure 2-24 Spectrum (Time Domain) Measurement - I/Q Waveform Result
Chapter 265
Making Measurements
Making Measurements
Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurements
• Spectrum Linear - (E4406A) Provides a view of the spectrum graph in
parameters of voltage versus frequency in linear scale. Changes to
the frequency span or voltage can affect data acquisition.
Figure 2-25 Spectrum Measurement - Linear Spectrum View (for E4406A)
Making Measurements
NOTE(E4406A) For the widest spans, the I/Q window becomes just “ADC time
domain samples”, because the I/Q down-conversion is no longer in
effect. This is not the case for E4406A Option B7C if the
to either
I/Q, I only, or Q only and you have connected baseband I/Q
Input Port is set
signals to the I/Q INPUT connectors.
•
I and Q Waveform - (for E4406A) Provides individual views of the I
and Q signal waveform windows in parameters of voltage versus
time.
To select the I or Q trace view, press the
Next key at the bottom of the
display. The selected window will have a green outline. To view the
window full size press the
Zoom key.
66Chapter 2
Making Measurements
Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurements
Figure 2-26 Spectrum Measurement - I and Q Waveform View (for E4406A)
Figure 2-27 Spectrum Measurement - I and Q Waveform View (for E4406A)
*Meas Setup: View/Trace = I and Q Waveform,
Others = Factory default settings
Making Measurements
*Input signals: − 10.00 dBm, PCCPCH + SCH
Chapter 267
Making Measurements
Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurements
Figure 2-28 Spectrum Measurement - I and Q Waveform View (for E4406A)
Span = 500.000 kHz,
Y Scale/Div = 5.0 mV, Ref Value = 0.0 V,
Others = Factory default settings
*Input signals: − 20.00 dBm, EDGE pattern data (PN9)
Step 7. To make a measurement repeatedly, press
toggle the setting from
Single to Cont.
Meas Control, Measure to
Step 8. For PSA, if Option 122 or 140 is installed, you may use the wideband IF
hardware to view a wide bandwidth signal in the Spectrum view. The
I/Q Waveform view will be correctly demodulated to the I and Q
components over the entire display bandwidth.
•Press
Mode, and select Basic or Modulation Analysis to be able to use
the Wideband IF path.
•Press
•Press
Measure, and select the Spectrum measurement.
SPAN and toggle the IF Path key to select Wide. Adjust the span
to view up to 80 MHz for Option 122, or up to 40 MHz for Option 140
around your selected center frequency. Note the example below has 1
million data points.
The example shown below is a 54 carrier OFDM signal which has a
−10 dB bandwidth greater than 16 MHz, with skirts to over twice that
bandwidth. Delta markers are shown measuring the peak bandwidth.
The example shown below is a 802.11 WLAN signal which has an
instantaneous bandwidth of over 36 MHz. Only the Average trace is
displayed.
When using the widest spans, the Resolution Bandwidth may be
limited by the maximum number of points available for a Spectrum
measurement. If your desired setting exceeds the available number of
points, themaximum number available will be used, and an error
message will be displayed.
The example shown below is a Spectrum View of the center 20 MHz of a
Noise Power Ratio measurement. If you extend the Span to the full 80
MHz bandwidth, individual carriers displayed may merge, as they can
be limited by screen resolution and resolution bandwidth. Only the
Average data trace is displayed in the example below.
The wideband signal example shown below is 16 W-CDMA carriers,
each occupying 5 MHz of bandwidth. The full 80 MHz of available
demodulation bandwidth for the Spectrum measurement is used. Only
the Average trace is displayed. Note the demodulated composite I/Q
waveform for the entire 80 Mhz BW signal in the
I/Q Waveform window
below. A peak search marker has been applied to the composite
waveform.
change the measurement parameters from the default condition.
For more details about using PSA Wide Bandwidth BW Digitizing
Hardware Options 122 and 140, including detailed functional
descriptions and SCPI commands and concepts, see the PSA Basic
Mode Guide.
For more details about changing measurement parameters, see
“Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurement Concepts” on page 351.
76Chapter 2
Meas Setup, More (1 of 2) keys to check the keys available to
Making Measurements
Waveform (Time Domain) Measurements
Waveform (Time Domain) Measurements
This section explains how to make waveform (time domain)
measurement on a cdmaOne base station. Measurement of I and Q
modulated waveforms in the time domain disclose the voltages which
comprise the complex modulated waveform of a digital signal.
If installed, you may use PSA Option 122, the 80 MHz Bandwidth
Digitizer hardware, or PSA Option 140, the 40 MHz Bandwidth
Digitizer hardware to perform Waveform measurements of wideband
signals using Basic Mode.
Configuring the Measurement System
The base station (BTS) under test has to be set to transmit the RF
power remotely through the system controller. This transmitting signal
is connected to the instruments RF input port. Connect the equipment
as shown. An interfering or adjacent signal may supplied as shown.
Figure 2-40 Waveform Measurement System
1. Using the appropriate cables, adapters, and circulator, connect the
output signal of the BTS to the RF input of the instrument.
2. Connect the base transmission station simulator or signal generator
to the BTS through a circulator to initiate a link constructed with
sync and pilot channels, if required.
Making Measurements
3. Connect a BNC cable between the 10 MHz OUT port of the signal
generator and the EXT REF IN port of the instrument.
4. Connect the system controller to the BTS through the serial bus
cable to control the BTS operation.
Chapter 277
Making Measurements
Waveform (Time Domain) Measurements
5. Connect an external trigger, if needed. Press Mode Setup, Tr ig g e r to
access a menu to set up inputs and levels for all triggers. You must
then select the appropriate trigger under the
menu to direct the measurement to use your trigger settings.
Setting the BTS
From the base transmission station simulator and the system
controller, set up a call using loopback mode for the BTS to transmit the
RF signal.
Measurement Procedure
Step 1. Press the Preset key to preset the instrument.
Meas Setup, Trigger
Step 2. Press the
MODE, cdmaOneBasic keys to enable the cdmaOneBasic Mode
measurements.
Step 3. To set the measurement center frequency press the
Channel
key, enter a numerical frequency using the front-panel keypad,
and complete the entry by selecting a units key, like
Step 4. Press the
keypad, and press the
Step 5. Press the
The default diaplay shows both
SPAN key, enter a numerical span using the front-panel
MHz key to set the measurement span in MHz.
MEASURE key to initiate the Wavefo r m me a sure men t .
Current (yellow trace) and Average (blue
trace) data. To make viewing the display easier, you can view either the
Current or Average trace separately.
•Press
Trace/View, Trace Display, and select the trace(s) desired for
display.
Step 6. Press
SPAN X Scale, and the up or down arrow keys until the waveform
is shown at a convenient time scale for viewing.
If installed, you may use the 80 MHz Bandwidth hardware to view a
wideband signal in the RF Envelope view.
Press
SPAN and select the Wideband RF Path. Adjust the span to view
up to 80 MHz around your selected center frequency.
FREQUENCY
MHz.
Making Measurements
The next figure shows an example of an
Signal Envelope
on VSA) result for a waveform (time domain)
RF Envelope (key is called
measurement. The measured values for the mean power and
peak-to-mean power are shown in the text window.
menu allowing selection of the other Waveform views, including the
following:
Chapter 279
Trace/View (PSA) or View/Trace (E4406A) key to display the
Making Measurements
Waveform (Time Domain) Measurements
• Linear Envelope - (for E4406A Option B7C) Provides a combination
view of a linear signal envelope graph and a phase graph with linear
graticules. Use the
Next Window and Zoom keys to select and enlarge
either graph.
Figure 2-43 Waveform Measurement - Linear Envelope View
Making Measurements
*Meas Setup: View/Trace = Linear Envelope View, GSM signal
Others = Factory defaults, except X and Y scales
I/Q Waveform - Provides a view of the I and Q waveforms together on
•
the same graph in parameters of voltage versus time in linear scale.
Changes to the sweep time or resolution bandwidth can affect data
acquisition.
Step 8. If PSA Option 140 or 122 is installed, you may use the 40 or 80 MHz
Bandwidth hardware to view a wideband signal in the Waveform view.
Even if you are not interested in a wideband signal, using the
Wideband IF path provides powerful measurement flexibility, including
to the ability to accurately set practically any sample rate and thereby
resample waveforms. Resampling, or oversampling, at the correct rate
allows you to effectively obtain an integer number of samples per
symbol. Make sure that the sample time is aligned with the decision
points of the symbols to make analysis of measurement data much
easier.
The following example of performing a Wideband IF Waveform
measurement of a GSM burst will show the technique to accurately
align and resample a signal:
•Press
Mode, and select Basic or Modulation Analysis to be able to use
the 80 MHz IF path.
•Press
•Press
•Press
Measure, and select the Waveform measurement.
Trace/View and select the RF Envelope view.
SPAN and toggle the IF Path key to select Wide. Adjust the span
to view up to 80 MHz around your selected center frequency. Note
the example below has 1 million data points.
• Make sure that your samples are synchronized to the decision points
of the signal of interest. In this case we will use the internal Frame
Timer to trigger our measurement. A GSM frame is 4.615383 ms
long.
Press
Mode Setup, Tri g g er, select Frame Timer, then select Period.
Enter 4.615383 ms. This only sets the frame timer period. You
must direct the measurement to use the Frame Timer in the next
step:
Press
Meas Setup, Trigge r Sou r c e and select Frame.
For other measurements, an external trigger may be applied to an
External Trigger Input, on either the front or the real panels. You
must specify that trigger selection in this menu.
• In this example, we want to capture an entire GSM burst of 144
symbols (plus guard). A GSM burst is approximately 4.6 ms, so we
will set our
Press
Meas Time to 5 ms:
Meas Setup, Meas Time and enter 5 ms.
• In this resampling example, we want to take exactly 10 samples per
GSM symbol. The GSM symbol rate is 270.833 kHz, so we want a
sample rate of 2.70833 MHz. Option 122 Wideband IF hardware lets
us set the desired sample rate, as follows: sample rate = 5/4 IF
Bandwidth. That means we need set an IF BW of 2.16667 MHz.
Press
Meas Setup, IF BW and enter 2.16667 MHz.
Making Measurements
You can also access the sample rate key directly:
Press
Sample Rate frequency. The Sample Rate and IF BW settings are
Meas Setup, Wideband Setup, and Sample Rate keys. Enter the
coupled. The 5/4 ratio will be preserved regardless of which setting is
used.
• Your measurement result should look like Figure 2-54
For more details about making wideband measurements, see “PSA
Option 122 Wideband Digitizer” in the Option 122 section in the Basic
Mode Guide.
Step 9. Press the
AMPLITUDE Y Scale, and down arrow keys until the
waveforms are shown at a convenient voltage scale for viewing.
Step 10. Press the
SPAN X Scale, and down arrow keys until the waveforms are
shown at a convenient time scale for viewing.
Step 11. Press the
Marker, Trace, and I/Q Waveform keys to activate a marker.
Rotate the RPG knob until the marker is shown at a desired time in the
waveform for viewing the trace values at the time position of the
marker.
Step 12. To make a measurement repeatedly, press
toggle the setting from
Step 13. Press the
Meas Setup, More (1 of 2) keys to check the keys available to
Single to Cont.
change the measurement parameters from the default condition.
Using the Waveform Measurement to Set Up Triggering (for
burst signals)
You can use the waveform measurement to view your signal in the time
domain and to help select the appropriate trigger to acquire your signal.
Meas Control, Measure to
Making Measurements
Chapter 287
Making Measurements
Waveform (Time Domain) Measurements
Step 1. Press MEASURE, Waveform(Time Domain) to activate the waveform
measurement view.
Step 2. Press
the complete signal waveform. Use the front-panel keypad to input the
scale/div, then press a units key, like
Step 3. Press
sources (free run is the default setting).
Step 4. Press
trigger mode to set up the trigger conditions.
In the trigger mode set the delay, peak level and positive or negative
edge slope trigger. You can also setup trigger holdoff, auto trigger
timing and frame timer settings.
For more details about using PSA Option 122, 80 MHz BW Digitizing
Hardware, and PSA Option 140, 40 MHz Digitizing Hardware,
including detailed function descriptions, SCPI commands and concepts,
see the PSA Basic Mode Guide.
For more details about changing measurement parameters, see
“Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement Concepts” on page 352.
SPAN X Scale, Scale/Div, to adjust the scale of the x-axis to view
µs, to complete the entry.
Meas Setup, Trig Source, then select one of the available trigger
Trig or for E4406A press Mode Setup, Trigger S e t u p, then choose a
Making Measurements
88Chapter 2
Making Measurements
Using Basic Mode
Using Basic Mode
Basic mode is a standard feature of E4406A Transmitter Testers, and is
part of Option B7J for the PSA Series Spectrum Analyzers. Basic mode
is not related to a particular communications standard. That is, it does
not default to measurement settings that are for any specific standard.
You may want to use Basic Mode if you are making measurements on a
signal that is not based on a specific digital communications standard.
Basic Mode in E4406A VSA Series Transmitter Testers
There are five generic measurements available under the MEASURE key
in Basic mode:
• Adjacent Channel Power (ACP)
• Channel Power
• Power Statistics CCDF
• Spectrum Measurement (frequency domain).
• Waveform Measurement (time domain)
The ACP, Channel Power, and Power Stat CCDF measurements are
fully described in the VSA Series User’s Guide. Please refer to that
manual for complete information on these measurements.
Spectrum and Waveform Measurements
These measurements provide a spectrum measurement mode that is
similar to a standard spectrum analyzer, and a waveform measurement
mode that is similar to a microwave oscilloscope. Unlike those standard
analyzers, these measurements are optimized for digitally modulated
signals, so they can be used to output the measured I/Q data.
For your convenience, Spectrum and Waveform measurements are also
available in this mode, with the same functionality, so you can refer to
the sections included in this chapter for information about using them.
Basic Mode in PSA Series Spectrum Analyzers
There are two generic measurements available under the MEASURE key
in Basic mode:
• Spectrum Measurement (frequency domain).
• Waveform Measurement (time domain)
• Power Statistics CCDF
Making Measurements
These Spectrum, Waveform, and CCDF measurements are also
available in this mode, with the same functionality, so you can refer to
the sections included in this chapter for information about using them.
Chapter 289
Making Measurements
If You Have a Problem
If You Have a Problem
During the execution of your measurement you may encounter
problems which generate error codes. Reference to the following
common errors may be helpful.
If Err is shown in the annunciator bar, press the
System, Show Errors
hard and soft keys to read the detailed error information.
• Error Code 16 “Input overload”
This error means that your measurement has erroneous results due
to the excessive input power level. To correct this condition, the
input signal level must be reduced by using the internal and/or
external attenuators.
Press the
Mode Setup, Input, Input Atten keys to enter an attenuation
value to reduce the transmitted power from the MS using the
internal attenuator. The allowable range is up to 40 dB.
If you want to attenuate more than 40 dB, connect your external
attenuator between the RF INPUT port and the UUT. Press the
Mode Setup, Input, Input Atten and select MS or BTS keys to enter the
attenuation value. The allowable range is up to ±100 dB. The
analyzer will automatically add its attenuation value to the readings
of the measurement result.
To automate this calculation, press the
Mode Setup, Input, Ext Atten
keys to enter the additional attenuation value. The allowable range
is up to 100 dB. The power readings of the measurement will take
into account the external attenuation value.
Making Measurements
• Error Code 501 “Signal too noisy”
This error means that your input signal is too noisy to capture the
correct I/Q components. To make a more stable measurement the
trigger source may need to be set to
Frame, for example.
• Error Code 503 “Can not correlate to input signal”
This error means that the instrument has failed to find any active
channels in the input signal as specified. To improve the correlation
some critical parameter needs to be adjusted, like the input signal
level or scramble code, for example.
For more details consult the chapter in this book dedicated to the
measurement in question, or “Instrument Messages and Functional
Tes t s.”
90Chapter 2
Key Reference
3Key Reference
This chapter provides detailed descriptions of the keys used to set up
and make cdmaOne measurements, including
and
MEASURE. Keys that allow you to see different presentations of the
measurement results are also described, including
Display, showing the associated screens.
Mode Setup, Meas Setup,
View/Trace, and
91
Key Reference
Front Panel Keys
Front Panel Keys
Key Reference
NOTEOnly front panel keys affected by selection of cdmaOne mode are
described here. For a complete description of all front panel keys see the
E4406A VSA or PSA Series User’s Guide.
FREQUENCY Channel Key Menu
Key Path: FREQUENCY Channel
• Channel Number > - Allows you to enter a channel value. This channel
number and
value automatically changes to the corresponding value for that
channel number. The ranges are from 1 to 799 and 991 to 1023.
•
Center Freq - Allows you to enter a frequency value. This center
frequency and
channel number automatically changes to the corresponding value
for the specific frequency value in the ranges of 870.030 MHz to
893.970 MHz and 824.040 MHz to 835.000 MHz. This is the current
instrument center frequency value. The overall frequency range
without coupling function is 1.000 kHz to 4.32140 GHz.
Center Freq are coupled together, then the frequency
Channel Number > are coupled together, then the
FREQUENCY Channel Default Settings
Channel Number >799
Center Frequency1.00000 GHz
PN Offset0 × 64[chips]
Meas Control Key Menu
Key Path: Meas Control
• Measure - Press Meas Control, Measure (not to be confused with the
front panel
between Single and Cont (for continuous) measurement states.
When set to Single, the measurement will continue until it has
reached the specified number of averages set by the average counter.
When set to Cont, the measurement will run continuously, and
perform averaging according to the current average type (repeat or
exponential). The default setting is continuous.
•
Pause - Press Meas Control, Pause to pause the current measurement.
Once toggled, the label of the
Resume key, once pressed, continues the active measurement from
the point at which it was paused.
MEASURE key which has a different function) to toggle
Pause key changes to read Resume; the
92Chapter 3
Key Reference
Front Panel Keys
• Restart - Press Restart front panel key to repeat the current
measurement from the beginning, while retaining the current
measurement settings.
MODE Key Menu
Key Path: MODE
For PSA or E4406A:
To access the measurement personality that includes cdmaOne, press
MODE key and select the cdmaOne key.
the
NOTEMode settings are persistent. When you switch from one mode to
another mode, the settings you have chosen for the modes will remain
active until you change them. This allows you to switch back and forth
between modes without having to reset settings each time. Presetting
the instrument or powering the instrument off and on will return all
mode settings to their default values.
Key Reference
Mode Setup Key Menu
Key Path: Mode Setup
• Radio key menu:
Radio Std - Select one of the radio standards to be tested:
—
IS-95A - Sets to the standard of IS-95A system.
❏
J-STD-008 - Sets to the standard of J-STD-008 system.
❏
IS-97D IS-98D - Sets to the standards of IS-97D and IS-98D
❏
systems.
—
Band Class - Select one of the band classes to be tested, when
Radio Std is set to IS-97D IS-98D.
0 (800MHz) - Sets the band class to 0 for testing the North
❏
American and Korean cellular systems.
1 (1900 MHz) - Sets the band class to 1 for testing the North
❏
American PCS system.
3 (JTACS) - Sets the band class to 3 for testing the Japan TACS
❏
system.
4 (Korean PCS) - Sets the band class to 4 for testing the Korean
❏
PCS system.
—
Device - Select either Base or Mobile to be tested.
Chapter 393
Key Reference
Front Panel Keys
The following table lists the factory default settings for Radio.
Radio Default Settings
Key Reference
•
NOTEYou can also access the Input key from the Input front panel key.)
Radio STD IS-95A
Band Class (grayed out)0 (800 MHz)
DeviceBase
Input key menu:
—
Input Port - Allows you to access the menu to select one of the
signal input ports as follows:
RF - Allows you to measure an RF signal supplied to the front
❏
panel RF input port.
❏
50 MHz Ref - (For E4406A) Allows you to measure the 50 MHz
Reference
signal to calibrate the instrument.
Amptd Ref (f=50 MHz) - (For PSA) Allows you to measure the
❏
50 MHz reference signal to calibrate the instrument.
IF Align - Allows you to configure the IF alignment signal. The
❏
RF path is switched to bring in the same alignment signal that
is automatically switched to perform many alignments.
—
RF Input Range - Allows you to toggle the RF input range control
between
Auto and Man (manual). If Auto is chosen, the instrument
automatically sets the attenuation based on the carrier power
level, where it is tuned. Once you change the
Input Atten
Range
value with the RPG knob, for example, the RF Input
key is automatically set to Man. If there are multiple
Max Total Pwr or RF
carriers present, the total power might overdrive the front end. In
this case you need to set the
expected maximum total power by activating the
key.
Man is also useful to hold the input attenuation constant for
RF Input Range to Man and enter the
Max Total Pwr
the best relative power accuracy. For single carriers it is generally
recommended to set this to
—
Max Total Pwr - Allows you to set the maximum total power level
Auto.
from the UUT (Unit Under Test). The range is −200.00 to 100.00
dBm with 0.01 dB resolution. This is the expected maximum
value of the mean carrier power referenced to the output of the
UUT; it may include multiple carriers. The
is coupled together with the
Once you change the
example, the
Input Range key is automatically set to Man.
Max Total Pwr value with the RPG knob, for
Input Atten and Ext Atten settings.
Max Total Pwr setting
94Chapter 3
Key Reference
Front Panel Keys
— Input Atten - Allows you to control the internal input attenuator
setting. The range is 0 to 40 dB with 1 dB resolution. The
Atten
key reads out the actual hardware value that is used for the
Input
current measurement. If more than one input attenuation value
is used in a single measurement, the value used at the carrier
frequency will be displayed. The
the
Max Total Pwr setting. Once you change the Input Atten setting
with the RPG knob, for example, the
automatically set to
Ext RF Atten - Allows you to access the following menu to enter the
—
Man.
external attenuation values. Either of the
coupled together with the
pressing
Man. This will allow the instrument to display the measurement
Ext RF Atten does not switch the RF Input Range key to
RF Input Range setting. However,
Input Atten setting is coupled to
Input Range key is
Ext RF Atten settings is
results referenced to the output of the UUT.
MS - Allows you to set an external attenuation value for MS
❏
tests. The range is − 50.00 to +50.00 dB with 0.01 dB
resolution.
Key Reference
BTS - Allows you to set an external attenuation value for BTS
❏
tests. The range is − 50.00 to +50.00 dB with 0.01 dB
resolution.
IF Align Signal - Allows you to access the following menu to select
—
one of the signals to be used for IF alignment.
Signal Rate - Allows you to set a value to be used for dividing
❏
the fundamental frequency of 468.75 kHz. The value ranges
from 0 to 12 as the power of 2.
❏
Signal Amptd - Allows you to set an amplitude value to be
applied to the digital analog converter, for the IF alignment
signal. The value ranges from 0 to 4095.
Signal Type - Allows you to access the following menu to select
❏
one of the signal types.
CW - Sets the IF alignment signal to CW.
Comb - Sets the IF alignment signal to comb wave.
Pulse - Sets the IF alignment signal to pulse wave.
Chapter 395
Key Reference
Front Panel Keys
The following table lists the factory default setting for Input.
Key Reference
Input PortRF
RF Input Range
Max Total Power
Input Atten
Ext Atten
Mobile
Base
IF Align Signal
Signal Rate
Signal Amptd
Signal Type
Input Default Settings
a
Auto
− 15.00 dBm
0.00 dB
0.00 dB
0.00 dB
0 (= 468.75 kHz)
DAC 500
CW
b
b
a. Auto is not used for Spectrum (frequency
domain) measurements.
b. This may differ if the maximum input power is
more than − 15.00 dBm, or depending on the
previous measurements.
•
Trigg e r key menu:
NOTEThese menus are used to set Trigger parameters only. The actual
trigger source is selected separately for each measurement under the
Meas Setup key.
—
RF Burst, Video (Envlp), Ext Front, Ext Rear- Pressing one of these
trigger keys will access each triggering condition setup menu.
This menu is used to specify the
Delay, Level and Slope settings
for each trigger source as follows:
Delay - Allows you to enter a numerical value to modify the
❏
trigger delay time. The range is − 100.0 to +500.0 ms with 1 µs
resolution. For trigger delay use a positive value, and for
pre-trigger use a negative value.
Level - Allows you to enter a numerical value to adjust the
❏
trigger level depending on the trigger source selected.
RF Burst, the key label reads as Peak Level. The RF level
For
range is − 25.00 to 0.00 dB with 0.01 dB resolution, relative
to the peak RF signal level. The realistic range can be down
to − 20 dB.
96Chapter 3
Key Reference
Front Panel Keys
For Video (Envlp), the video level range is − 200.00 to
+50.00 dBm with 0.01 dB resolution at the RF input. The
realistic range can be down to around − 50 dBm depending
on the noise floor level of the input signal.
For
Ext Front or Ext Rear, the level range is − 5.00 to +5.00 V
with 1 or 10 mV resolution.
❏
Slope - Allows you to toggle the trigger slope between Pos at
the positive-going edge and
Neg at the negative-going edge of
the burst signal.
—
Trig Holdoff - Allows you to set the period of time before the next
trigger can occur. The range is 0.000 µs to 500.0 ms with 1 µs
resolution.
—
Auto Trig - Allows you to specify a time for a trigger timeout and
toggle the auto trigger function between
On and Off. The range is
1.000 ms to 1.000 ks with 1 µs resolution. If no trigger occurs by
the specified time, a trigger is automatically generated.
Frame Timer - Allows you to access the menu to manually control
—
the frame timer:
Key Reference
Period - Allows you to set the period of the frame clock. The
❏
range is 0.000 ns to 559.0000 ms with 1 ps resolution.
Offset - Allows you to set the offset of the frame clock. The
❏
range is 0.000 to 10.00 s with 100 ns resolution over 1.000 µs
range.
❏
Reset Offset Display - Allows you to display without any offset
of the frame clock.
❏
Sync Source - Allows you to access the menu to select one of the
sources to be synchronized with.
Off - Allows you to turn the synchronizing source off for
asynchronous tests.
RF Burst (Wideband) - Allows you to select the RF burst
signal as the synchronizing source.
Ext Front - Allows you to select the external input signal
from the front panel input port as the synchronizing source.
Ext Rear - Allows you to select the external input signal from
the rear panel input port as the synchronizing source.
Chapter 397
Key Reference
Front Panel Keys
The trigger default settings are listed in the following table:
Trigger Default Settings
Key Reference
RF Burst
Delay
Peak Level
Slope
Video (Envlp)
Delay
Level
Slope
Ext Front
Delay
Level
Slope
Ext Rear
Delay
Level
Slope
0.000 s
− 6.00 dB
Pos
0.000 s
− 6.00 dBm
Pos
0.000 s
2.00 V
Pos
0.000 s
2.00 V
Pos
Trig Holdoff0.000 s
Auto Trig100.0 ms; Off
Frame Timer
Period
Offset
Reset Offset Display
Sync Source
• Demod Key Menu
Sync Type - Allows you to select the type of synchronization used
—
for the demodulation.
Even Sec - Sets to synchronize to the internal frame timer that
❏
has been synchronized to an even second clock input. The
frame timer has a 26.6667 ms period. This input signal is
connected to the rear panel TRIGGER IN connecto
Pilot Seq - Sets to synchronize to the pilot sequence on the RF
❏
channel. As this does not provide an absolute time reference,
the measured time offset value will not be valid.
❏
Ext Front - Sets to directly synchronize to an external signal
connected to the front panel EXT TRIGGER INPUT connector.
250.0 µs
0.000 s
(no parameter)
Off
❏
Ext Rear - Sets to directly synchronize to an external signal
connected to the rear panel TRIGGER IN connector.
❏
None - Sets to use no synchronization signal.
98Chapter 3
Key Reference
Front Panel Keys
— PN Offset - Allows you to enter the PN offset of the base station
being tested. This allows correct time offset values to be
determined. This setting is not applicable when
Pilot Seq.
RF Carrier - Allows you to select Single if there is a single RF
—
carrier present at the RF input signal, or
Multi if there is more
Sync Type is set to
than one carrier present at the RF input signal which rejects the
upper and lower adjacent channels for the modulation accuracy
and code domain measurements.
The following table lists the factory default settings for the
demodulation.
Demod Default Settings
Sync TypeEven Sec (Rear Trig In)
PN Offset0 × 64 [chips]
RF CarrierSingle
Key Reference
Chapter 399
Key Reference
cdmaOne Measurement Keys
cdmaOne Measurement Keys
Key Reference
Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR) Keys
NOTEYou must have selected ACPR at Key Path: MEASURE to access these
menus.
Measurement Setup Key Menu
Key Path:
Meas Setup
• Avg Number - Allows you to change the number of N averages.
•
Avg Mode - Allows you to toggle the averaging mode between Exp
(exponential) and
Repeat. This selection only effects on the averaging
result after the number of N averages is reached. The N is set using
the
Avg Number key.
• Normal averaging: Normal (linear) averaging is always used
until the specified number of N averages is reached. When the
Measure key under Meas Control is set to Single, data acquisition is
stopped when the number of N averages is reached, thus
Mode
has no effect in the single measurement mode.
• Exponential averaging: When
Measure is set to Cont, data
Avg
acquisition will continue indefinitely. Exponential averaging is
used with a weighting factor of N (the displayed count of averages
stops at N). Exponential averaging weights new data more
heavily than old data, which allows tracking of slow-changing
signals. The weighting factor N is set using the Avg Number key.
• Repeat averaging: When
Measure is set to Cont, data
acquisition will continue indefinitely. After the number of N
averages is reached, all previous result data is cleared and the
average count displayed is set back to 1. This is equivalent to
being in
Measure Single and pressing the Restart key each time the
single measurement finishes.
Ref Channel - Allows you to access the following parameters for the
•
reference channel settings:
Chan Integ BW - Allows you to specify the channel integration
—
bandwidth in which the carrier power is measured. The range is
1.000 kHz to 20.0000 MHz with the best resolution of 1 Hz.
—
Avg Type - Allows you to set to power averaging type to either Pwr
Avg (RMS)
100Chapter 3
or Maximum.
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