The information contained in this document is subject to change
without notice.
Agilent Technologies makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this
material, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of
merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Agilent
Technologies shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for
incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing,
performance, or use of this material.
This chapter provides overall information on the 1xEV-DO
communications system and describes 1xEV-DO measurements made
by the analyzer. Installation instructions for adding this option to your
analyzer are provided in this section, in case you purchased this option
separately.
Introduction
43
Introduction
What Does the Agilent PSA Series and VSA E4406A Option 204 Do?
What Does the Agilent PSA Series and
VSA E4406A Option 204 Do?
This instrument can help determine if a 1xEV-DO transmitter is
working correctly. When measurement personality Option 204 is
installed, the instrument makes measurements using the methods and
limits defined in the following 3GPP2 standards:
3GPP2 C.S0024-A cdma2000 High Rate Packet Data Air Interface
Specification v.2.0 (2005-07)
3GPP2 C.S0032-A Recommended Minimum Performance Standards for
cdma2000 High Rate Packet Data Access Network v1.0 (2005-12)
(Documents in V&V)
For 3GPP2 1xEV-DO Revision 0, you can use Subtype 0/1 with
necessary parameters in presets. If you need to measure 1xEV-DO
Revision A requirements, please switch Subtype from 0/1 to 2 with
Demod menu under Mode Setup. 1xEV-DO Revision A is supported by
PSA with version 9.0 and E4406A with version 10.0 or later.
The detailed measurement results displayed by the instrument allow
you to analyze 1xEV-DO system performance. You may alter the
measurement parameters for specialized analysis.
For infrastructure test, the instrument will test base station
transmitters in a non-interfering manner by means of a coupler or
power splitter.
Introduction
44Chapter 1
What Does the Agilent PSA Series and VSA E4406A Option 204 Do?
This instrument makes the following measurements:
• Channel Power
•Intermodulation
• Power versus Time
• Spurious Emissions and ACP
• Occupied Bandwidth
•Code Domain Power
• Modulation Accuracy (Waveform Quality)
•QPSK EVM
• Power Statistics CCDF
• Spectrum (Frequency Domain)
• Waveform (Time Domain)
Introduction
Introduction
Chapter 145
Introduction
Installing Optional Measurement Personalities
Installing Optional Measurement Personalities
When you install a measurement personality, you need to follow a three
step process:
1. Determine whether your memory capacity is sufficient to contain all
the options you want to load. If not, decide which options you want to
install now, and consider upgrading your memory. Details follow in
“Do You Have Enough Memory to Load All Your Personality
Options?” on page 46.
2. Install the measurement personality firmware into the instrument
memory. Details follow in “Loading an Optional Measurement
Personality” on page 50.
3. Enter a license key that activates the measurement personality.
Details follow in “Obtaining and Installing a License Key” on page
51.
Adding measurement personalities requires the purchase of an upgrade
kit for the desired option. The upgrade kit contains the measurement
personality firmware and an entitlement certificate that is used to
generate a license key from the internet website. A separate license key
is required for each option on a specific instrument serial number and
host ID.
For the latest information on Agilent Spectrum Analyzer options and
upgrade kits, visit the following web location:
http://www.agilent.com/find/sa_upgrades
Do You Have Enough Memory to Load All Your Personality
Introduction
Options?
If you do not have memory limitations then you can skip ahead to the
next section “Loading an Optional Measurement Personality” on
page 50. If after installing your options you get error messages relating
to memory issues, you can return to this section to learn more about
how to optimize your configuration.
If you have 64 MBytes of memory installed in your instrument, you
should have enough memory to install at least four optional
personalities, with plenty of memory for data and states.
The optional measurement personalities require different amounts of
memory. So the number of personalities that you can load varies. This is
also impacted by how much data you need to save. If you are having
memory errors you must swap the applications in or out of memory as
needed. If you only have 48 MBytes of memory, you can upgrade your
hardware to 64 MBytes.
46Chapter 1
Introduction
Installing Optional Measurement Personalities
Additional memory can be added to any PSA Series analyzer by
installing Option 115. With this option installed, you can install all
currently available measurement personalities in your analyzer and
still have memory space to store more state and trace files than would
otherwise be possible.
To see the size of your installed memory for PSA Series Spectrum
Analyzers:
1. Ensure that the spectrum analyzer is in spectrum analyzer mode
because this can affect the screen size.
2. Press
System, More, Show Hdwr.
3. Read Flash Memory size in the table. If Option 115 is installed (PSA
only), the table will also show Compact Flash Type and Compact Flash Size.
PSA Flash
Memory Size
64 Mbytes32.5 MBytes30.0 MBytes
48 Mbytes16.9 MBytes14.3 MBytes
PSA Compact Flash
Memory Size
512 Mbytes (Opt. 115)512 MBytes
Available Memory
Without Option
B7J and Option
122 or 140
Available Additional Memory for
Measurement Personalities
Available Memory With
Option B7J and Option 122 or
140
To see the size of your installed memory for E4406A Transmitter
Testers:
1. Press
System, More, More.
Introduction
2. Read the File System Key - The total of the entries for Used and Free
memory will total the installed flash memory, either 48 or 64
MBytes.
If you have 48 MBytes of memory, and you want to install more than 3
optional personalities, you may need to manage your memory
resources. The following section, “How to Predict Your Memory
Requirements” on page 48, will help you decide how to configure your
installed options to provide optimal operation.
Chapter 147
Introduction
Installing Optional Measurement Personalities
How to Predict Your Memory Requirements
If you plan to install many optional personalities, you should review
your memory requirements, so you can determine whether you have
enough memory (unless you have a PSA Series with Option 115). There
is an Agilent “Memory Calculator” available online that can help you do
this, or you can make a calculated approximation using the information
that follows. You will need to know your instrument’s installed memory
size as determined in the previous section and then select your desired
applications.
NOTEIf you have a PSA Series analyzer with Option 115, there is adequate memory
to install all of the available optional personalities in your instrument.
To calculate the available memory on your E4406, see:
http://sa.tm.agilent.com/E4406A/memory/
To calculate the available memory on your PSA, see:
http://sa.tm.agilent.com/PSA/memory/
Select the “Memory Calculator” link. You can try any combination of
available personalities to see if your desired configuration is compatible
with your installed memory.
NOTEFor PSA: After loading all your optional measurement personalities, you
should have a reserve of ~2 MBytes memory to facilitate mode switching. Less
available memory will increase mode switching time. For example, if you
employ excessive free memory by saving files of states, or data, or both, your
mode switching time can increase to more than a minute.
You can manually estimate your total memory requirements by adding
up the memory allocations described in the following steps. Compare
the desired total with the available memory that you identified in the
Introduction
previous section.
1. Program memory - Select option requirements from the table
“Measurement Personality Options and Memory Required” on
page 49.
2. For PSA only: shared libraries require 7.72 MBytes
3. For PSA only: recommended mode swap space is 2 MBytes
4. Screens - .gif files need 20-25 kB each
5. State memory - State file sizes range from 21 kB for SA mode to
40 kB for W-CDMA. The state of every mode accessed since power-on
will be saved in the state file. File sizes can exceed 150 kB each when
several modes are accessed, for each state file saved.
48Chapter 1
Introduction
Installing Optional Measurement Personalities
TIPState memory retains settings for all states accessed before the Save State
command. To reduce this usage to a minimum, reduce the modes accessed
before the Save State is executed. You can set the PSA to boot into a selected
mode by accessing the desired mode, then pressing the System, Power
On/Preset, Power On keys and toggle the setting to Last.
Measurement Personality Options and Memory Required
Personality Options
for PSA Series Spectrum Analyzers
a
OptionFile Size
(PSA Rev: A.10)
cdmaOne measurement personalityBAC1.91 Mbytes
NADC and PDC measurement personalities (not
BAE2.43 Mbytes
available separately)
W-CDMA or W-CDMA, HSDPA, HSUPA
BAF, 210
5.38 Mbytes
measurement personality
cdma2000 or cdma2000 w/ 1xEV-DV measurement
personality
1xEV-DO measurement personality204
GSM (with EDGE) measurement personality202
Shared measurement library
b
Phase Noise measurement personality226
Noise Figure measurement personality219
Basic measurement personality with digital demod
hardware
(available with Option 23A - Trigger support for
AM/FM/PM and Option 23B - CCITT filter)
EMC Analyzer
239
Chapter 149
5.47 Mbytes
2.11 Mbytes
3.24 Mbytes
0.72 Mbytes
2.91 Mbytes
4.06 Mbytes
c
b
b
c
b
b
Introduction
Installing Optional Measurement Personalities
a. Available as of the print date of this guide.
b. Many PSA Series personality options use a 7.72 Mbyte shared measurement library. If
you are loading multiple personalities that use this library, you only need to add this
memory allocation once.
c. Shared measurement library allocation not required.
d. This is a no charge option that does not require a license key.
Personality Options
for E4406A Transmitter Tester
cdmaOne measurement personalityBAC1.82 Mbytes
NADC measurement personalityBAE1.10 Mbytes
PDC measurement personalityBAE1.23 Mbytes
W-CDMA or W-CDMA, HSDPA, HSUPA
measurement personality
cdma2000 or cdma2000 w/ 1xEV-DV
measurement personality
1xEV-DO measurement personality2044.84 Mbytes
GSM (with EDGE) measurement
personality
GSM measurement personalityBAH2.51 Mbytes
EDGE upgrade from BAH measurement
personality
iDEN measurement personalityHN12.10 Mbytes
WiDEN measurement personalityHN11.58 Mbytes
a
OptionFile Size
(E4406A Rev: A.10)
BAF, 2105.00 Mbytes
B78, 2143.88 Mbytes
2023.56 Mbytes
252 (202)3.56 Mbytes
Baseband I/Q Inputs B7Cn/a (hardware only)
Introduction
a. Available as of the print date of this guide.
Memory Upgrade Kits
The PSA 64 MByte Memory Upgrade kit part number is
E4440AU-ANE. The PSA Compact Flash Upgrade kit part number is
E4440AU-115.
The VSA 64 MByte Memory Upgrade kit part number is
E4406AU-ANE.
For more information about memory upgrade kits contact your local
sales office, service office, or see:
http://www.agilent.com/find/sa_upgrades
Loading an Optional Measurement Personality
You must use a PC to load the desired personality option into the
instrument memory. Loading can be done from a firmware CD-ROM or
50Chapter 1
Introduction
Installing Optional Measurement Personalities
by downloading the update program from the internet. An automatic
loading program comes with the files and runs from your PC.
You can check the Agilent internet website for the latest PSA firmware
versions available for downloading:
http://www.agilent.com/find/psa_firmware
You can check the Agilent internet website for the latest E4406
firmware versions available for downloading:
http://www.agilent.com/find/
NOTEWhen you add a new option, or update an existing option, you will get the
updated versions of all your current options as they are all reloaded
simultaneously. This process may also require you to update the instrument
core firmware so that it is compatible with the new option.
vsa_firmware
Depending on your installed hardware memory, you may not be able to
fit all of the available measurement personalities in instrument
memory at the same time. You may need to delete an existing option file
from memory and load the one you want. Use the automatic update
program that is provided with the files. Refer to the table showing
“Measurement Personality Options and Memory Required” on page 49.
The approximate memory requirements for the options are listed in this
table. These numbers are worst case examples. Some options share
components and libraries, therefore the total memory usage of multiple
options may not be exactly equal to the combined total.
Obtaining and Installing a License Key
If you purchase an optional personality that requires installation, you
will receive an “Entitlement Certificate” which may be redeemed for a
license key specific to one instrument. Follow the instructions that
accompany the certificate to obtain your license key.
Introduction
To install a license key for the selected personality option, use the
following procedure:
NOTEYou can also use this procedure to reinstall a license key that has been deleted
during an uninstall process, or lost due to a memory failure.
For PSA:
1. Press
System, More, More, Licensing, Option to accesses the alpha editor.
Use this alpha editor to enter letters (upper-case), and the
front-panel numeric keys to enter numbers for the option
designation. You will validate your option entry in the active
function area of the display. Then, press the
2. Press
License Key to enter the letters and digits of your license key.
Enter key.
You will validate your license key entry in the active function area of
Chapter 151
Introduction
Installing Optional Measurement Personalities
the display. Then, press the Enter key.
3. Press the
Activate License key.
For E4406:
1. Press
System, More, More, Install, Choose Option to accesses the alpha
editor. Use this alpha editor to enter letters (upper-case), and the
front-panel numeric keys to enter numbers for the option
designation. You will validate your option entry in the active
function area of the display. Then, press the
NOTEBefore you enter the license key for the EDGE Retrofit Option 252, you
Done key.
must already have entered the license key for the GSM Option BAH.
2. Press
License Key to enter the letters and digits of your license key.
You will validate your license key entry in the active function area of
the display. Then, press the
3. Press the
Install Now key. The message “New option keys become
active after reboot.” will appear, along with the
press the
Ye s key and cycle the instrument power off and then on to
complete your installation process, or press the
Done key.
Ye s /No menu:
No key to cancel the
installation process.
Viewing a License Key
Measurement personalities purchased with your instrument have been
installed and activated at the factory before shipment. The instrument
requires a License Key unique to every measurement personality
purchased. The license key is a hexadecimal number specific to your
measurement personality, instrument serial number and host ID. It
enables you to install, or reactivate that particular personality.
Introduction
Use the following procedure to display the license key unique to your
personality option that is already installed in your PSA:
Press
Personality key displays the personalities loaded, version
System, More, More, Licensing, Show License. The System,
information, and whether the personality is licensed.
Use the following procedure to display the license key unique to your
personality option that is already installed in your E4406:
Press
System, More, More, Install, Choose Option to enter the letters
and numbers for the option you want. You can see the key on the
License Key menu key. Press the Done key.
52Chapter 1
Introduction
Installing Optional Measurement Personalities
NOTEYou will want to keep a copy of your license key in a secure location. Press
System, More, then Licensing, Show LicenseShow System, and print out a copy of
the display that shows the license numbers. If you should lose your license key,
call your nearest Agilent Technologies service or sales office for assistance.
Using the Delete License Key on PSA
This key will make the option unavailable for use, but will not delete it
from memory. Write down the 12-digit license key for the option before
you delete it. If you want to use that measurement personality later,
you will need the license key to reactivate the personality firmware.
NOTEUsing the Delete License key does not remove the personality from the
instrument memory, and does not free memory to be available to install
another option. If you need to free memory to install another option,
refer to the instructions for loading firmware updates located at the
URL : http://www.agilent.com/find/psa/
1. Press System, More, More, Licensing, Option. Pressing the Option key will
activate the alpha editor menu. Use the alpha editor to enter the
letters (upper-case) and the front-panel numeric keyboard to enter
the digits (if required) for the option, then press the
Enter key. As you
enter the option, you will see your entry in the active function area of
the display.
2. Press
Delete License to remove the license key from memory.
Using the Uninstall Key on E4406A
This key will make the option unavailable for use, but will not delete it
from memory. The message “Application Not Licensed” will appear
in the Status/Info bar at the bottom of the display. Record the 12-digit
license key for the option before you delete it. If you want to use that
measurement personality later, you will need the license key to
reactivate the personality firmware.
NOTEUsing the Uninstall key does not remove the personality firmware from
the instrument memory, and does not free memory to be available to
install another option. If you need to free memory to install another
option, refer to the instructions for loading firmware updates available
at the URL: http://www.agilent.com/find/vsa/
Introduction
1. Press System, More, More, Uninstall, Choose Option to access the alpha
editor. Use this alpha editor to enter the letters (upper-case), and the
front-panel numeric keys to enter the numbers (if required) for the
installed option. You will validate your option entry in the active
function area of the display. Then, press the
Chapter 153
Done key.
Introduction
Installing Optional Measurement Personalities
2. Pressing the Uninstall Now key will activate the Ye s /No menu: press the
Ye s key to continue your uninstall process, or press the No key to
cancel the uninstall process.
3. Cycle the instrument power off and then on to complete the uninstall
process.
Ordering Optional Measurement Personalities
When you order a personality option, you will receive an entitlement
certificate. Then you will need to go to the Web site to redeem your
entitlement certificate for a license key. You will need to provide your
instrument serial number and host ID, and the entitlement certificate
number.
Required Information:Front Panel Key Path:
Model #: (Ex. E4440A)
Host ID:
__________________
Instrument
Serial Number:
__________________
Introduction
System, Show System
System, Show System
54Chapter 1
2Making Measurements
This chapter describes procedures used for making measurements of
1xEV-DO BTS or MS. Instructions to help you set up and perform the
measurements are provided, and examples of 1xEV-DO measurement
results are shown.
Making Measurements
55
Making Measurements
1xEV-DO Measurements
1xEV-DO Measurements
This chapter begins with instructions common to all measurements
made by the Transmitter Tester, then details all 1xEV-DO
measurements available by pressing the
specific to individual measurements refer to the sections at the page
numbers below.
“Channel Power Measurements” on page 62
“Forward Link Code Domain Measurements” on page 65
“Reverse Link Code Domain Measurements” on page 75
“Intermodulation Measurements” on page 86
“Forward Link Modulation Accuracy (Waveform Quality)
Measurements” on page 89
“Reverse Link Modulation Accuracy (Waveform Quality)
Measurements” on page 97
MEASURE key. For information
“Occupied Bandwidth Measurements” on page 103
“Power Statistics CCDF Measurements” on page 106
“Power versus Time Measurements (BTS Only)” on page 109
“QPSK EVM Measurements - (BTS Only)” on page 113
“Spurious Emissions & ACP Measurements (BTS Only)” on page 133
“Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurements” on page 117
“Waveform (Time Domain) Measurements” on page 138
“Using Basic Mode” on page 152
“Understanding Common Measurement Errors” on page 153
All the measurements above are referred to as one-button
measurements. When you press the key to select a measurement it will
become active, using settings and displays unique to that
measurement. Data acquisition will automatically begin when trigger
requirements, if any, are met.
Making Measurements
56Chapter 2
Making Measurements
Instrument Front Panel Highlights
Instrument Front Panel Highlights
The most commonly used function keys on the VSA and PSA front
panels are located as shown in the illustrations below. The operation of
the keys is briefly explained on the following page. Refer to your User’s
Guide for complete details on all keys.
Figure 2-1 Selected E4406A VSA Series Front Panel Feature Locations
Chapter 257
Making Measurements
Making Measurements
Instrument Front Panel Highlights
Figure 2-2 Selected PSA Series Front Panel Feature Locations
Making Measurements
Selected E4406A VSA and PSA Front-Panel Features
1. The On/Off switch toggles the AC Line power between On and
Standby. A green LED will light when the instrument is On. When
energized in the standby mode, a yellow LED is lit above the switch.
2.
FREQUENCY Channel accesses a key menu to set the analyzer center
frequency in units of Hz, kHz, MHz, or GHz, or by channel number.
These parameters apply to all measurements in the current mode.
MODE accesses a key menu to select one of the measurement
3.
58Chapter 2
Making Measurements
Instrument Front Panel Highlights
personalities installed in the instrument. Each mode is independent
from all other modes.
Mode Setup accesses a key menu that sets parameters specific to the
4.
current mode and can affect all measurements within that mode.
MEASURE accesses a display key menu to initiate one of the various
5.
measurements that are specific to the current mode.
Meas Setup accesses the menus of test parameters that are specific to
6.
the current measurement.
Restart causes a measurement to start again from the initial process
7.
according to the current measurement setup parameters.
RF INPUT port: Type N connector for the E4406A VSA and E4443A,
8.
E4445A, and E4440A PSAs. It is a 2.4 mm connector on the E4446A
and E4448A PSAs and a 3.5 mm connector on all PSAs with Opt
BAB. The maximum input power level is shown next to the port.
9. The
Data Entry keypad is used to enter numeric values. Keypad
entries are displayed in the active function area of the screen and
become valid for the current measurement upon pressing the
Enter
key or selecting a unit of measurement, depending on the parameter.
10.The Display Menu keys allow you either to activate a feature or to
access a more detailed sub-menu. An arrow on the right side of a
softkey label indicates that the key has a further selection menu.
The active menu key is highlighted, however, grayed-out keys are
currently unavailable for use or only show information. If a menu
has multiple pages, succesive pages are accessed by pressing the
More
key located at the bottom of the menu.
Return allows you to exit the current menu and display the previous
11.
menu. If you are on the first page of a mult-page menu (a menu with
(1 of 3) for example), the Return key will exit from that menu.When
you activate another measurement, the return list is cleared. The
Return key will not return you to a previously activated mode, nor
will it alter any values you have entered in previous menus.
Baseband I/Q Inputs (E4406A Option B7C only) Allow you to analyze
12.
signals at baseband frequencies. See “Using Option B7C Baseband
a 100 kOhm input for audio measurements. Frequency range is
20 Hz to 250 kHz. The safe input level is 7 Vrms or 20 V DC.
Making Measurements
Chapter 259
Making Measurements
Setting up and Making a Measurement
Setting up and Making a Measurement
Making the Initial Signal Connection
CAUTIONBefore connecting a signal to the instrument, make sure the instrument
can safely accept the signal level provided. The signal level limits are
marked next to the connectors on the front panel.
See “Input Key Menu” for details on selecting input ports and setting
internal attenuation to prevent overloading the instrument.
For PSA only, the “Input Key Menu” also provides details of
Int Preamp
operation.
Using Instrument Mode and Measurement Presets
If you want to set your current measurement personality to a known,
factory default state, press
returning the mode setup and all of the measurement setups in the
mode to the factory default parameters.
NOTEFor PSA, note that pressing the Preset key will switch instrument
modes unless the type of preset is selected under
On/Preset is set to Mode or Save User Preset.
To preset only the parameters that are specific to an active, selected
measurement, press
Meas Defaults
will return all the measurement setup parameters to the
Meas Setup, then Restore Meas Defaults. Restore
factory defaults, but only for the currently selected measurement. The
Restore Meas Defaults key may not appear on the first page of the Meas
Setup
menu. If not, press More until the key is available.
Preset. This initializes the instrument by
System, Power
Making Measurements
60Chapter 2
Making Measurements
Setting up and Making a Measurement
The 3 Steps to Set Up and Make Measurements
All measurements need to be set up in 3 steps: first at the Mode level,
second at the Measurement level, then finally the result display may be
adjusted.
1. Select and Set Up the Mode
Press
Press
MODE - All licensed, installed Modes available are shown.
cdmaOne1xEV-DO Basic mode to make measurements of
signals with non-standard formats.
Press
Mode Setup - Make any required adjustments to the mode
settings. These settings apply to all measurement in the mode.
2. Select and Set Up the Measurement
Press
MEASURE - Select ACP. The measurement begins as soon as
any required trigger conditions are met. The resulting data is shown
on the display or is available for export.
Press
Meas Setup - Make any adjustments as required to the selected
measurement settings. The settings only apply to this measurement.
3. Select and Set Up a View of the Results
Press
Trace/View - Select a display format for the current
measurement data. Depending on the mode and measurement
selected, other graphical and tabular data presentations may be
available.
NOTEA setting may be reset at any time, and will be in effect on the next
X-Scale and Y-Scale adjustments may also be made now.
measurement cycle or View.
StepPrimary KeySetup KeysRelated Keys
1. Select & set up
a Mode
2. Select & set up
a Measurement
3. Select & set up
a View of the
Results
Chapter 261
MODEMode Setup,
Input (E4406A),
Input/Output (PSA),
FREQUENCY Channel
MEASUREMeas SetupMeas Control,
View/Trace (E4406A),
Trace/View (PSA)
SPAN X Scale,
AMPLITUDE Y Scale
Display
Next Window, Zoom
This section explains how to make a channel power measurement on a
1xEV-DO base station. This test measures the total RF power present
in the channel. The results are displayed graphically as well as in total
power (dB) and power spectral density (dBm/Hz).
Configuring the Measurement System
The access network (BTS) under test has to be set to transmit the RF
power remotely through the system controller. This transmitting signal
is connected to the instrument’s RF input port. Connect the equipment
as shown in the following figure:
Figure 2-3 Channel Power Measurement System
Making Measurements
1. Using the appropriate cables, adapters, and attenuators, connect the
output signal from the BTS to the RF input port of the instrument.
2. Connect the system controller to the BTS through the serial bus
cable to control the BTS operation.
Setting Up the BTS
From the system controller, perform all of the functions required for the
BTS to transmit the RF signal.
•BTS
Frequency: 1,935.000 MHz (preferred channel number 100)
(1,935.000 = (100 × 0.050) + 1930.000 MHz)
Output Power: Specified maximum output power level
62Chapter 2
Making Measurements
Channel Power Measurements
Measurement Procedure
Step 1. Press System, Reference, Freq Ref to toggle the frequency reference to
EXT, if required. In the annunciator bar you will see EXT REF displayed
in green.
Step 2. Press
MODE, 1xEV-DO, Preset to enable and preset the 1xEV-DO
measurements.
Step 3. If your UUT is a MS, Press
selection to
Step 4. Press
MS.
Mode Setup, Input, Max Total Pwr to enter the estimated maximum
Mode Setup, Radio, Device to toggle the
power from the BTS.
Step 5. Press
Input Atten or Ext RF Atten or both, to enter the appropriate
attenuation values depending on the estimated maximum power from
the BTS.
Step 6. Press
FREQUENCY Channel, 1935, MHz to set the center frequency to
1,935.000 MHz.
Step 7. Press
MEASURE, Channel Power to initiate the channel power
measurement.
The channel power measurement result should look like the following
figure.
Figure 2-4 Channel Power Measurement Result
Chapter 263
Making Measurements
Making Measurements
Channel Power Measurements
Step 8. Press Meas Setup, More to check the keys available to change the
measurement parameters from the default condition.
If you get an error message, see “Understanding Common
Measurement Errors” on page 153.
Making Measurements
64Chapter 2
Forward Link Code Domain Measurements
Forward Link Code Domain Measurements
This section explains how to make a code domain measurement on a
1xEV-DO base station. This is the measurement of the power levels of
the spread channels in composite RF channels, relative to the total
power within the 1.230 MHz channel bandwidth centered at the center
frequency.
Configuring the Measurement System
The access network (BTS) under test has to be set to transmit the RF
power remotely through the system controller. This transmitting signal
is connected to the instrument’s RF input port. Connect the equipment
as shown in the following figure:
Figure 2-5 Code Domain Power Measurement System
Making Measurements
1. Using the appropriate cables and attenuators, connect the output
signal from the BTS to the RF input port of the instrument.
2. Connect the system controller to the BTS through the serial bus
cable to control the BTS operation.
3. Connect an appropriate cable assembly between the TRIGGER IN
connector of the instrument and the Even Sec Out connector of the
BTS for synchronization.
Chapter 265
Making Measurements
Making Measurements
Forward Link Code Domain Measurements
Setting the BTS
From the system controller, perform all of the functions required for the
BTS to transmit the RF signal.
•BTS
Frequency: 1,935.000 MHz (preferred channel number 100)
((1,935.000 = (100 × 0.050) + 1930.000 MHz)
Output Power: Specified maximum output power level
Signal Type: Pilot with MAC, subtype 0/1 or 2
Measurement Procedure
Step 1. Press Preset to preset the instrument.
Step 2. Press
Step 3. Press
power from the BTS.
Step 4. Press
to select either
Step 5. Press
attenuation values depending on the estimated maximum power from
the BTS.
Step 6. Press
1,935.000 MHz.
Step 7. Press
Domain measurement.
The Code Domain: Power measurement result should look like the
following figure. The graph window and the text window are displayed
for a subtype 0/1 signal with pilot channel selected as the
text window shows the total power level along with the relative power
levels of the various channels.
MODE, More , 1xEV-DO to enable the 1xEV-DO measurements.
Mode Setup, Input, Max Total Pwr to enter the estimated maximum
Mode Setup, Demod and toggle the Physical Layer Subtype selection
0/1 or 2.
Input Atten or Ext RF Atten or both, to enter the appropriate
FREQUENCY Channel, 1935, MHz to set the center frequency to
MEASURE, More, Code Domain to initiate the Forward Link Code
Data Type. The
Making Measurements
66Chapter 2
Making Measurements
Forward Link Code Domain Measurements
Figure 2-6 Forward Link Code Domain Result (Default View)- Pilot Chan.
Step 8. Press
Meas Setup, Data Mod Scheme, and select MAC.
Figure 2-7 Forward Link Code Domain Result - MAC Channels Subtype 0/1
Making Measurements
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Forward Link Code Domain Measurements
Step 9. To view a Subtype 2 signal, press Mode Setup, Demod, and toggle
Physical Layer Subtype to 2.
Figure 2-8 Forward Link Code Domain Result - MAC Channels Subtype 2
Making Measurements
NOTEThe Walsh Index for Subtype 2 signals is 128, as shown above.
68Chapter 2
Making Measurements
Forward Link Code Domain Measurements
Step 10. To examine a single channel more closely, set a marker on the channel
of interest. Press
Marker and either use the step up arrow or the dial to
position the marker. In this example we will select the Data channel
marked at W128(35) as shown in the following figure. The marker data
indicates a Walsh Code position of 35.5, but that is because it is on the
Q Branch.
Figure 2-9 Forward Link Code Domain Result - MAC Channels Subtype 2
with a Marker
Step 11. Press
code channel for specific Code Domain Power measurement. The
Marker Despread feature automatically determines the Code Domain
parameters of the code channel, and sets the instrument to the
appropriate settings for Symbols/sec, Walsh Code Number, and Offset.
Any code channel selected by a normal #1 marker can be despread. The
measurement data shown above reflects the despread measurement
data.
Chapter 269
Marker, More, and Mkr-> Despread. This will allow you to select this
Making Measurements
Making Measurements
Forward Link Code Domain Measurements
Step 12. Press View/Trace, Code Domain (Quad View) to display a combination
view of the code domain power, I/Q symbol polar vector, and selected
chip power graph windows for the pilot channel as shown in the
following figure:
Figure 2-10 Forward Link Code Domain Results in Quad View - MAC
Subtype 2
Making Measurements
The upper-right window has the yellow trace of RMS power in code
domain for the selected code channel, that is slot power versus time. In
the Chip Power window at lower right, the yellow trace represents chip
sampled power of the captured 1xEV-DO signal across the entire
Capture Interval of 5 slots, or equivalent to 10.239 kchips. The 2
vertical red lines indicate the Meas Interval of 1 slot.
NOTETo change a display parameter like AMPLITUDE Y Scale, Scale/Div the
window must be made “active”, which is shown on the display as the
window with a green outline. Press
Next Window to activate the other
window, and Zoom to display only a single window.
70Chapter 2
Making Measurements
Forward Link Code Domain Measurements
Figure 2-11 Forward Link Code Domain Results in CDP/CDE - MAC
Subtype 2
You can see code domain power in upper and code domain error in lower
window. It would be helpful to find which code channels contain errors
in code domain.
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Forward Link Code Domain Measurements
Step 13. Switch the Channel Type from MAC to Data with the key under Meas
Setup. By changing the view to Code Domain (Quad View), it becomes
visible which modulation type used in data channels. Putting a marker
at 0 and pressing
Marker, More, Mkr -> Despread will provide the
following figure.
Figure 2-12 Forward Link Code Domain Results in Quad View - Data
Subtype 2 with W16(0) Despread
Making Measurements
Data channel has three types of modulation in 1xEV-DO Forward Link:
QPSK, 8PSK, and 16QAM . The modulation type changes during the
signal transmission. It's called Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC)
and is a common scheme in 3G cellular communications. In this sample
screen, 8PSK is used in the first captured slot as shown in I/Q Symbol
Polar Vector in the lower left window. In the lower right window, you
find bursts in the 4th slot. This means the 4th slot is an idle slot and
won't contain any active data channels. If you shift the Meas Offset
from 0 to 3 with 1 slot Meas Interval, code channels of data will be
turned off (yellow; inactive).
Step 14. Press the
Cont. The measurement and displayed data will be made repeatedly.
Step 15. Press the
the code domain power, Slot power of the selected code channel, and
demodulated bit stream as shown in the following figure.
72Chapter 2
Meas Control key to change the Measure key from Single to
View/Trace, Demod Bits keys to display a combination view of
Making Measurements
Forward Link Code Domain Measurements
Figure 2-13 Forward Link Code Domain Results in Demod Bits - Data
Subtype 2 with W16(0) Despread
Consistent with Code Domain (Quad View), it shows the demodulated
data bits of the selected code channel. Slot number, data channel type
(like 8PSK), preamble chip length, and MAC index can be detected if
the slot contains the information.
For more information about making Code Domain Power
measurements see “Forward Link Code Domain Measurements” on
page 65.
If you get an error message, see “Understanding Common
Measurement Errors” on page 153.
Troubleshooting Hints
Uncorrelated interference may cause CW interference like local
oscillator feedthrough or spurs. Another uncorrelated noise may be due
to I/Q modulation impairments. Correlated impairments can be due to
the phase noise on the local oscillator in the upconverter or I/Q
modulator of the UUT. These will be analyzed by the code domain
measurements along with the QPSK EVM measurements and others.
A poor phase error indicates a problem at the I/Q baseband generator,
filters, and/or modulator in the transmitter circuitry of the UUT. The
output amplifier in the transmitter can also create distortion that
causes unacceptably high phase error. In a real system, a poor phase
Making Measurements
Chapter 273
Making Measurements
Forward Link Code Domain Measurements
error will reduce the ability of a receiver to correctly demodulate the
received signal, especially in marginal signal conditions.
Making Measurements
74Chapter 2
Reverse Link Code Domain Measurements
Reverse Link Code Domain Measurements
This section explains how to make a code domain measurement on a
1xEV-DO mobile station (MS). This is the measurement of the power
levels of the spread channels in composite RF channels, relative to the
total power within the 1.230 MHz channel bandwidth centered at the
center frequency.
Configuring the Measurement System
For configuring the measurement system, the access terminal (MS)
under test has to be set to transmit the RF power remotely through the
system controller. This transmitting signal is connected to the
instruments RF input port. Connect the equipment as shown.
Figure 2-14 Reverse Link Code Domain Measurement System
Making Measurements
1. Using the appropriate cables, adapters, and circulator, connect the
output signal of the MS to the RF input of the instrument.
2. Connect the base transmission station simulator or signal generator
to the MS through the circulator to initiate a link constructed with
the sync and pilot channels, if required.
3. Connect a BNC cable between the 10 MHz OUT port of the signal
generator and the EXT REF IN port of the instrument.
4. Connect a trigger signal from the signal generator or system
controller and the EXT TRIG IN port of the instrument.
5. Connect the system controller to the MS through the serial bus cable
to control the MS operation.
Chapter 275
Making Measurements
Making Measurements
Reverse Link Code Domain Measurements
Setting the MS
From the system controller, perform all of the functions required for the
MS to transmit the RF test signal.
Test Signal Physical Layer Subtype 2
Active Channels: Pilot, PRI, ACK/DSC, DRC, Aux Pilot,
and Data
Frequency 1,935.000 MHz (preferred channel number 100)
(1,935.000 = (100 × 0.050) + 1930.000 MHz)
Output Power: Specified maximum output power level
(Example power output set to − 20 dBm)
Measurement Procedure
Step 1. Press the Preset key to preset the instrument.
Step 2. Press
Step 3. Press
Step 4. In the
MODE, More, 1xEV-DO to enable the 1xEV-DO measurements.
Mode Setup, Radio, Device to toggle the selection to MS.
Mode Setup menu, press Input, Max Total Pwr to enter the
estimated maximum power from the MS.
Step 5. In the
Layer Subtype
Step 6. Press
Mode Setup menu, press Demod and select the test signal Physical
0/1 or 2.
Input Atten or Ext RF Atten or both, to enter the appropriate
attenuation values depending on the estimated maximum power from
the MS.
Step 7. Press
FREQUENCY Channel, 1935, MHz to set the center frequency to
1,935.000 MHz.
Step 8. Press
MEASURE, More, Code Domain to initiate the Reverse Link Code
Domain measurement.
Step 9. Press
Meas Setup, More, I Long Code Mask and enter the Hexadecimal
long code for I.
Press
Q Long Code Mask and enter the Hexadecimal long code for Q.
Step 10. If your 1xEV-DO active channel signal is known, you may be able to
take advantage of a predefined Active Channel preset for
synchronization. Press
Predefined. Then press Predefined Active Channel and select from the list
Meas Setup, More, Active Code Channel,
of predefined Active Channels shown.
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76Chapter 2
Making Measurements
Reverse Link Code Domain Measurements
Step 11. The Code Domain Power Graph measurement result should look like
the following figure. The measurement values for Reverse Link Code
Domain measurement are shown in the summary result window.
Figure 2-15 Reverse Link Code Domain Result - Code Domain Power Graph
View
Step 12. Press
example below shows the marker at the Q channel at W4(2). The
marker channel is shown in dark blue, while other Walsh Code
channels that are associated with W4(2) are shown in light blue. The
marker data indicates Code Domain Power (CDP) and Code Domain
Error (CDE) for the channel marked. Individual channel measurement
results are also available in other CDP displays described later.
Press
Marker and rotate the RPG dial to position the marker. The
Off in the Marker menu to remove the marker.
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Reverse Link Code Domain Measurements
Figure 2-16 Reverse Link Code Domain Result - Code Domain Power Graph
View with Marker
Step 13. Press
Reverse
As shown in the following figure, using the Bit Reverse display
combines the similar function channels, seen in the previous display,
into blocks of adjacent channels. The Walsh Code number scale across
the x axis no longer applies to the individual channel codes, but still
accurately shows the quantity of active channels applied to the I and Q
codes.
Display, Code Order, and toggle the setting from Hadamard to Bit
.
Making Measurements
78Chapter 2
Making Measurements
Reverse Link Code Domain Measurements
Figure 2-17 Reverse Link Code Domain Result - Code Domain Power Graph
View Displayed in Bit Reverse
Step 14. Press
On. Then, press Peak Search to find the code channel with the highest
power.
As shown in the following figure, I and Q code channels are combined
into blocks on a single code axis. Even the code channels are combined.
The display shows the marked channel information including the Walsh
code number with CDP and CDE.
Display, I/Q Combined Power Bar, and toggle the setting from Off to
Making Measurements
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Reverse Link Code Domain Measurements
Figure 2-18 Reverse Link Code Domain Result - I/Q Combined with Marker
Step 15. Press View/Trace, CDP & CDE Graph to display a two-pane view of the
code domain power and code domain error for the code channels as set
up in previous steps. You can select the Hadamard view or turn off the
Combined Power Bar in any of the following views.
To change a display parameter, like
AMPLITUDE Y Scale, Scale/Div, the
window must be made “active”, which is shown on the display as the
window with a green outline. Press
window, and
Step 16. Press the
Zoom to display only a single window.
View/Trace, I/Q Error (Quad View) keys to display a four-pane
Next Window to activate the other
view of the magnitude error, phase error, EVM and a summary of the
measurement data for the code channels as set up in previous steps.
The uppermost entry in the data summary pane for Code: W4(2) refers
to the marked channel from the previous steps.
If your test signal has code channels on both I and Q code axes, you may
need to change the setting of the I/Q Branch to get phase data
displayed. Press
Meas Setup, I/Q Branch and toggle the setting to IQC
(I/Q Combined).
To change a display parameter, like
AMPLITUDE Y Scale, Scale/Div, the
window must be made “active”, which is shown on the display as the
window with a green outline. Press
window, and
Step 17. Press View/Trace, Code Domain (Quad View) to display a four-pane view of
the Code Domain Power, Symbol Power, a constellation diagram of the
marked channel, and a summary of the measurement data for the code
channels as set up in previous steps. The uppermost entry in the
summary for Code: W4(2) refers to the marked channel from the
previous steps.
The Code Domain pane is a fully-functioning reduced display of the
default view.
The Symbol Power display in the following figure shows the 5
successive bursts of each slot in the capture interval, the equivalent of
2.5599 ksymbols in time. The blue data is the composite chip or symbol
powers across each slot. The blue trace can be turned on or off under the
Display key. The vertical red lines indicate 1 slot. The vertical white line
indicates the measurement interval (1 slot), including the idle between
bursts. This can be increased to equal the capture interval. The yellow
horizontal line indicates the individual chip power across the entire
capture interval (5 slots). You can select another frame to be measured
by setting the
Meas Offset to another slot in the frame, the number
being an integer offset (right) from the beginning of the capture
interval.
To change a display parameter, like
AMPLITUDE Y Scale, Scale/Div, the
window must be made “active”, which is shown on the display as the
window with a green outline. Press
window, and
Zoom to display only a single window.
Next Window to activate another
Figure 2-21 Reverse Link Code Domain Result - Code Domain (Quad View)
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82Chapter 2
Making Measurements
Reverse Link Code Domain Measurements
Step 18. Press View/Trace, Demod Bits to display a tri-pane view of the Code
Domain Power, Symbol Power, and the demodulated bits of the data
code channels on the Q code branch. The bits shown are the bits from
the measurement interval of 1 slot. The slot number from which the
bits originate is shown above the data bit string. To view the
demodulated bits of the I or IQC (I/Q Combined) branches, Press
Setup
, I/Q Branch and toggle the setting to I or IQC. To view the
demodulated bits from more than one slot see the next step.
The Code Domain pane is a fully-functioning reduced display of the
default view.
The Symbol Power pane is a fully-functioning display as shown in the
Code Domain (Quad View).
Meas
To change a display parameter, like
AMPLITUDE Y Scale, Scale/Div, the
window must be made “active”, which is shown on the display as the
window with a green outline. Press
window, and
code channels. You can measure and demodulate as many as 16 slots, as
long as the Capture Interval is greater than or equal to the
Measurement Interval, in slots. You can increment either interval by
0.5 slots. The following example uses a
Capture Interval of 32 slots. Only 16 slots are demodulated (slots 0-15.5)
and shown.
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Making Measurements
Zoom to expand the display of the demodulated bits of the data
Meas Interval of 32 slots, and a
Making Measurements
Reverse Link Code Domain Measurements
When you use Zoom to view the Demod Bits display you can access a
menu under the
Display key that allows you to navigate the entire
contents of the demodulated bits data (see Figure 2-23).
When you use
Print Setup, Print Demod key that allows you to print the entire
the
Zoom to view the Demod Bits display you can also access
contents of the demodulated bits data, either by screen or in a report.
measurement and displayed data will be made repeatedly.
Step 21. Press
measurement parameters from the default condition.
If you get an error message, see “Understanding Common
Measurement Errors” on page 153.
84Chapter 2
Meas Control to change the Measure key from Single to Cont. The
Meas Setup, More, More to check the keys available to change the
Making Measurements
Reverse Link Code Domain Measurements
Troubleshooting Hints
Uncorrelated interference may cause CW interference like local
oscillator feedthrough or spurs. Another uncorrelated noise may be due
to I/Q modulation impairments. Correlated impairments can be due to
the phase noise on the local oscillator in the upconverter or I/Q
modulator of the UUT. These will be analyzed by the code domain
measurements along with the QPSK EVM measurements and others.
A poor phase error indicates a problem at the I/Q baseband generator,
filters, modulator, or a combination of these in the transmitter circuitry
of the UUT. The output amplifier in the transmitter can also create
distortion that causes unacceptably high phase error. In a real system,
a poor phase error will reduce the ability of a receiver to correctly
demodulate the received signal, especially in marginal signal
conditions.
Chapter 285
Making Measurements
Making Measurements
Intermodulation Measurements
Intermodulation Measurements
This section explains how to measure 1xEV-DO intermodulation
products. The instrument, by default, measures the third- and
fifth-order intermodulation products of the base frequency signal.
Either two-tone or transmit intermodulation products are
automatically identified.
Configuring the Measurement System
The access network (BTS) under test has to be set to transmit the RF
power remotely through the system controller. The 1xEV-DO modulated
interference signal is injected at the antenna output port of the BTS
through an amplifier and circulator. The transmitting signal from the
BTS is summed with the interferer and connected to the instrument’s
RF input port. Connect the equipment as shown in the following figure:
Figure 2-24 Intermodulation Products Measurement System
Making Measurements
1. Using appropriate amplifier, circulators, etc., connect a 1xEV-DO
carrier interference signal to the output connector of the BTS.
2. Connect the circulator output signal to the RF input port of the
instrument through an attenuator.
3. Connect a BNC cable between the 10 MHz OUT port of the signal
generator and the EXT REF IN port of the instrument.
4. Connect the system controller to the BTS with the serial bus cable.
86Chapter 2
Making Measurements
Intermodulation Measurements
Setting the BTS and Signal Generator
From the system controller, perform all of the functions required for the
BTS to transmit the RF signal. Also set the signal generator to output
the 3 MHz offset carrier signal to make an intermodulation
measurement with the transmit IM and tone signals.
• BTS (transmit intermodulation signal)
Frequency: 1,935.000 MHz (preferred channel number 100)
(= 100 × 0.050 + 1930.000 MHz)
Output Power: Specified maximum output power level
• Signal Generator (interference carrier signal)
Frequency: 1,938.000 MHz (channel number 160)
Signal: CW (unmodulated carrier)
Output Power: Same level to the BTS output power at the BTS
antenna output port
Measurement Procedure
Step 1. Press the Preset key to preset the instrument.
Step 2. Press
Step 3. Press
power from the BTS.
Step 4. Press
attenuation values depending on the estimated maximum power from
the BTS.
Step 5. Press
1,935.000 MHz.
Step 6. Press
The Intermodulation measurement result should look like the
following figure. The intermodulation products are graphically
displayed in the graph window. The absolute and relative power levels,
along with the lower and upper power spectral density levels, are
shown in the text window.
Step 7. Press
measurement parameters from the default condition.
MODE, 1xEV-DO to enable the 1xEV-DO measurements.
Mode Setup, Input, Max Total Pwr to enter the estimated maximum
Input Atten or Ext RF Atten or both, to enter the appropriate
FREQUENCY Channel, 1935, MHz to set the center frequency to
MEASURE, Intermod to initiate the intermodulation measurement.
Meas Setup, More to check the keys available to change the
Making Measurements
If you get an error message, see “Understanding Common
Measurement Errors” on page 153.
Chapter 287
Making Measurements
Intermodulation Measurements
Figure 2-25 Intermodulation Measurement Result
Troubleshooting Hints
Intermodulation distortion (IM) measurements can reveal the presence
of degraded or defective parts in the transmitter section of the UUT.
The following are examples of problems which, once indicated by IM
testing, may require further attention:
• Faulty DC power supply control of the transmitter power amplifier
• RF power controller of the pre-power amplifier stage
• I/Q control of the baseband stage
• Reduction in the gain and output power level of the amplifier due to
a degraded gain control or increased distortion or both
• Degradation of amplifier linearity and other performance
characteristics
Power amplifiers are one of the final stage elements of a base or mobile
transmitter and play a critical part in meeting the important power and
spectral efficiency specifications. Measuring the spectral response of
these amplifiers to complex wideband signals is crucial to linking
amplifier linearity and other performance characteristics to the
stringent system specifications.
Making Measurements
88Chapter 2
Forward Link Modulation Accuracy (Waveform Quality) Measurements
Forward Link Modulation Accuracy
(Waveform Quality) Measurements
This section explains how to make a modulation accuracy (composite
Rho) measurement on a 1xEV-DO base station. Rho is the ratio of the
correlated power in a multi coded channel to the total signal power.
Configuring the Measurement System
The access network (BTS) under test has to be set to transmit the RF
power remotely through the system controller. This transmitting signal
is connected to the instrument’s RF input port. Connect the equipment
as shown in the following figure:
Figure 2-26 Modulation Accuracy Measurement System
Making Measurements
1. Using the appropriate cables and attenuators, connect the output
signal from the BTS to the RF input port of the instrument.
2. Connect the system controller to the BTS through the serial bus
cable to control the BTS operation.
3. Connect an appropriate cable assembly between the TRIGGER IN
connector of the instrument and the Even Sec Out connector of the
BTS for synchronization.
Chapter 289
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Making Measurements
Forward Link Modulation Accuracy (Waveform Quality) Measurements
Setting the BTS
From the system controller, perform all of the functions required for the
BTS to transmit the RF signal.
•BTS
Frequency: 1,935.000 MHz (preferred channel number 100)
(= 100 × 0.050 + 1930.000 MHz)
Output Power: Specified maximum output power level
Measurement Procedure
Step 1. Press the Preset key to preset the instrument.
Step 2. Press
Step 3. Press
MODE, More, 1xEV-DO to enable the 1xEV-DO measurements.
Mode Setup, Input, Max Total Pwr to enter the estimated maximum
power from the BTS.
Step 4. Press
to select either
Step 5. Press
Mode Setup, Demod and toggle the Physical Layer Subtype selection
0/1 or 2.
Input Atten or Ext RF Atten or both, to enter the appropriate
attenuation values depending on the estimated maximum power from
the BTS.
Step 6. Press
FREQUENCY Channel, 1935, MHz to set the center frequency to
1,935.000 MHz.
Step 7. Press
MEASURE, More, Mod Accuracy (Waveform Quality) to initiate the
measurement.
Step 8. Select a Code Channel Type for measurement, or measure the
Modulation Accuracy of the Overall signal: Press
, and then select your channel of interest. In the following example
Type
we will look at the
Data channel.
Meas Setup, Channel
The Meas Ch (Measured Channel) type. RHO, EVM, Freq Error, I/Q
Origin Offset, and number of Active Channels is shown in the
summary data pane to the left of the constellation window.
Making Measurements
90Chapter 2
Making Measurements
Forward Link Modulation Accuracy (Waveform Quality) Measurements
Figure 2-27 Forward Link Modulation Accuracy Measurement Result - I/Q
Measured Polar Vector View
Step 9. Press the
measurement results for the Data channel, as selected.
View/Trace, Result Metrics keys to display a summary of the
Making Measurements
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Making Measurements
Forward Link Modulation Accuracy (Waveform Quality) Measurements
Figure 2-28 Forward Link Modulation Accuracy Measurement Result -
Result Metrics (One-Slot)View
Step 10. Press
View/Trace, Channel Peak/Avg Metrics to see the statistic measured
results
Figure 2-29 Forward Link Modulation Accuracy Result - Channel
Peak/Average Metrics View
Making Measurements
92Chapter 2
Making Measurements
Forward Link Modulation Accuracy (Waveform Quality) Measurements
Step 11. Press View/Trace, Summary Peak/Avg Metrics to see the statistic
measured results with Averaging ON.
Figure 2-30 Forward Link Modulation Accuracy Result - Summary
Peak/Average Metrics View
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Forward Link Modulation Accuracy (Waveform Quality) Measurements
Step 12. Press View/Trace, I/Q Error (Quad View) to display a combination view of
the Magnitude Error, Phase Error, EVM graph windows, and the
modulation data summary result window.
Figure 2-31 Forward Link Modulation Accuracy Result - I/Q Measured
Quad View
Making Measurements
94Chapter 2
Making Measurements
Forward Link Modulation Accuracy (Waveform Quality) Measurements
Step 13. Press View/Trace, I/Q Error (Quad View) to display a combination view of
the Magnitude Error, Phase Error, EVM graph windows, and the
modulation data summary result window.
Figure 2-32 Forward Link Modulation Accuracy Result - I/Q Measured
Quad View
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Forward Link Modulation Accuracy (Waveform Quality) Measurements
Step 14. Press View/Trace, Power Timing & Phase to observe the measured results
in the text window. To make this observation, you may need to press
Rho/EVM Channel Type to change to Data, and Meas Setup, More,
Advanced to toggle the Multi Channel Estimator to On.
Figure 2-33 Forward Link Modulation Accuracy Measurement - Power
Timing & Phase View
Making Measurements
Step 15. Press
measurement parameters from the default condition.
If you get an error message, see “Understanding Common
Measurement Errors” on page 153.
Troubleshooting Hints
A poor phase error often indicates a problem with the I/Q baseband
generator, filters, modulator, or a combination of these in the
transmitter circuitry of the UUT. The output amplifier in the
transmitter can also create distortion that causes unacceptably high
phase error. In a real system, a poor phase error will reduce the ability
of a receiver to correctly demodulate the received signal, especially in
marginal signal conditions.
Meas Setup, More to check the keys available to change the
96Chapter 2
Making Measurements
Reverse Link Modulation Accuracy (Waveform Quality) Measurements
Reverse Link Modulation Accuracy (Waveform
Quality) Measurements
This section explains how to make a modulation accuracy (composite
Rho) measurement on a 1xEV-DO base station. Rho is the ratio of the
correlated power in a multi coded channel to the total signal power.
Configuring the Measurement System
For configuring the measurement system, the access terminal (MS)
under test has to be set to transmit the RF power remotely through the
system controller. This transmitting signal is connected to the
instruments RF input port. Connect the equipment as shown in the
following figure:
Figure 2-34 Reverse Link Modulation Accuracy Measurement System
1. Using the appropriate cables, adapters, and circulator, connect the
output signal of the MS to the RF input of the instrument.
2. Connect the base transmission station simulator or signal generator
to the MS through the circulator to initiate a link constructed with
the sync and pilot channels, if required.
3. Connect a BNC cable between the 10 MHz OUT port of the signal
generator and the EXT REF IN port of the instrument.
4. Connect a trigger signal from the signal generator or system
controller and the EXT TRIG IN port of the instrument.
5. Connect the system controller to the MS through the serial bus cable
to control the MS operation.
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Making Measurements
Reverse Link Modulation Accuracy (Waveform Quality) Measurements
Setting the MS
From the system controller, perform all of the functions required for the
MS to transmit the RF signal.
Test Signal Physical Layer Subtype 0 or 1
1 to 4 Active Channels: Pilot/RRI. DRC, ACK and Data
Frequency 1,935.000 MHz (preferred channel number 100)
(1,935.000 = (100 × 0.050) + 1930.000 MHz)
Output Power: Specified maximum output power level
(Example power output set to 0 dBm)
Measurement Procedure
Step 1. Press the Preset key to preset the instrument.
Step 2. Press
Step 3. Press
Step 4. Press
to select either
Step 5. Press
MODE, More, 1xEV-DO to enable the 1xEV-DO measurements.
Mode Setup, Radio, Device to toggle the selection to MS.
Mode Setup, Demod and toggle the Physical Layer Subtype selection
0/1 or 2.
Mode Setup, Input, Max Total Pwr to enter the estimated maximum
power from the MS.
Step 6. Press
Input Atten or Ext RF Atten or both, o enter the appropriate
attenuation values depending on the estimated maximum power from
the MS.
Step 7. Press
FREQUENCY Channel, 1935, MHz to set the center frequency to
1,935.000 MHz.
Step 8. Press
MEASURE, More, Mod Accuracy (Waveform Quality) to initiate the
measurement.
Step 9. Press
Meas Setup, More, I Long Code Mask and enter the Hexadecimal
long code for I.
Press
Q Long Code Mask and enter the Hexadecimal long code for Q.
Step 10. If your 1xEV-DO active channel signal is known, you may be able to
take advantage of a predefined Active Channel preset for
synchronization. Press
Predefined. Then press Predefined Active Channel and select from the list
Meas Setup, More, Active Code Channel,
of predefined Active Channels shown.
Making Measurements
98Chapter 2
Making Measurements
Reverse Link Modulation Accuracy (Waveform Quality) Measurements
The Mod Accuracy: I/Q Measured Polar Vector measurement
result should look like the following figure. The measurement values for
Reverse Link Modulation Accuracy are shown in the summary result
window.
The number of Active Channels and the Slot Number is shown at the
bottom of the Polar Vector window.
Figure 2-35 Reverse Link Modulation Accuracy Measurement Result -
Measured Polar Vector Graph (Default) View
NOTEIn the example shown above, a measurement parameter has exceeded a
set limit, so the FAIL result is shown above the Polar Vector window.
The reason is not apparent in this view, but may be easily seen in the
following view, Peak/Average Metrics.
Chapter 299
Making Measurements
Making Measurements
Reverse Link Modulation Accuracy (Waveform Quality) Measurements
Step 11. Press View/Trace, I/Q Error Peak/Average Metrics to display a summary
data view of all the parameters measured for the entire signal, as well
as by active channel, including RHO, EVM, and magnitude, phase, and
frequency errors.
Figure 2-36 Reverse Link Modulation Accuracy Measurement Result -
Peak/Average Metrics View
Making Measurements
The reason for the FAIL result obtained and displayed in the previous
view is now obvious, as the DRC and Data channels “∆ fr Plt&RRI”
average results are incompatible with the PASS Limits set, and are
marked with a red “F”.
You can adjust the Limits of the PASS/FAIL test by pressing
Limits and adjusting the values entered from the settings required by
Meas Setup,
the standards (if any) to suit you particular application. In general,
values for which no standard exists are set to provide very wide
tolerance of acceptance.
NOTETo obtain values for the individual Active Channels demodulated as
shown above, you may need to adjust the slot portion subjected to
averaging. Press
to be averaged, either the
Slot.
100Chapter 2
Meas Setup, Avg Slots and select the portion of the slot
1st Half Slot (default), 2nd Half Slot, or the Full
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