Agilent E4445A Noise Figure Measurement Personality Guide

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Noise Figure Measurement Personality Guide

Agilent Technologies

PSA Series Spectrum Analyzers

Option 219

This manual provides documentation for the following instruments:

PSA Series

E4440A (3 Hz - 26 GHz)

E4443A (3 Hz - 6.7 GHz)

E4445A (3 Hz - 13.2 GHz)

E4446A (3 Hz - 44 GHz) E4447A (3 Hz - 42.98 GHz) E4448A (3 Hz - 50 GHz)

Manufacturing Part Number: E4440-90353

Supersedes E4440-90326

Printed in USA

May 2007

Notice

The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.

Agilent Technologies makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Agilent Technologies shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.

Where to Find the Latest Information

Documentation is updated periodically. For the latest information about PSA spectrum analyzers, including firmware upgrades, software upgrades, application information, and product information, please visit the Internet URL listed below.

http://www.agilent.com/find/psa

Contents

Getting Started

What You will Find in this Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Installing Optional Measurement Personalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Do You Have Enough Memory to Load All Your Personality Options? . . . . . . . . . . . 25

How to Predict Your Memory Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Loading an Optional Measurement Personality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Obtaining and Installing a License Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Viewing a License Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Using the Delete License Key on PSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Ordering Optional Measurement Personalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Starting the Noise Figure Personality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Saving the Instrument State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Keeping Your Measurement Data and Instrument Setups Secure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Making Basic Measurements

What You will Find in this Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Entering Excess Noise Ratio (ENR) Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Selecting a Common ENR Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Entering ENR Table Data for Noise Sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Saving an ENR Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Setting the Measurement Frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Using Sweep Frequency Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Using List Frequency Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Using Fixed Frequency Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Setting the Bandwidth and Averaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Effect of Bandwidth and Averaging on Speed, Jitter, and Measurement Accuracy . 50

Selecting the Resolution Bandwidth Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Setting Averaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Calibrating the Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

To perform a calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Selecting the Input Attenuation Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Displaying the Measurement Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Selecting the Display Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Selecting Result Types to Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Graphical Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Setting the Scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Working with Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Indicating an Invalid Result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Example of a Basic Amplifier Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Calibrating the Noise Figure Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Making Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Further Information on Noise Figure Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Contents

Table of Contents

Advanced Features

What You will Find in this Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Setting up Limit Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Creating a Limit Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Using Loss Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Examples where Loss Compensation is applied. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Configuring Fixed Loss Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Configuring Table Loss Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Setting Temperature of Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Noise Figure Uncertainty Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Example Calculation: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Making Frequency Converter Measurements

What You will Find in this Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Overview of Frequency Converter Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105

DUT Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107

Basic Measurement — No Frequency Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Frequency Downconverting DUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Frequency Upconverting DUT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

System Downconverter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Comparison of the 8970B, the NFA Analyzer,

and the Option 219 Noise Figure Measurement Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Choosing and Setting Up the Local Oscillator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Selecting a Local Oscillator for Extended Frequency

measurements with Opt. 219. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Selecting a Local Oscillator for Option 219 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

Connecting the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Setting Up the Noise Figure Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Measuring a Frequency Converting DUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123

Sidebands and Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Signal Leakage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127

LO Leakage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127

LO Harmonics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Single Sideband Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Double Sideband Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Fixed LO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134

Making Frequency Converting DUT Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Making Downconverting DUT Measurements using a Fixed LO and Fixed IF

(Equivalent to Mode 1.4 on an 8970B Noise Figure Analyzer) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Making Upconverting DUT Measurements using a Fixed LO and Variable IF

(Equivalent to Mode 1.4 with SUM on an 8970B Noise Figure Meter). . . . . . . . . . . 142

Measurements with a System Downconverter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

USB, LSB or DSB? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143

Contents

Measurement Modes with a DSB System Downconverter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Measurement Modes with an SSB System Downconverter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

FIXED LO, LSB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

FIXED LO, USB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

Frequency Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

Glossary of Restricted Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

General Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

Frequency Downconverting DUT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

Frequency Upconverting DUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

System Downconverter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

Menu Maps

What You Will Find in This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

Key to this chapter’s menu map diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Amplitude Menu - Monitor Spectrum Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Amplitude Menu - Noise Figure Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

BW/Avg Menu - Monitor Spectrum Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

BW/Avg Menu - Noise Figure Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Det/Demod Menu - Monitor Spectrum Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

Det/Demod Menu - Noise Figure Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Display Menus - Monitor Spectrum Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

Display Menus - Noise Figure Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

File Type Menu - Monitor Spectrum Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

File Type Menu - Noise Figure Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

Frequency Menu - Monitor Spectrum Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

Frequency Menu - Noise Figure Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

Input Output Menu - Monitor Spectrum Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

Input Output Menu - Noise Figure Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

Marker Menu - Monitor Spectrum Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

Marker Menu - Noise Figure Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

Meas Setup Menu - Monitor Spectrum Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

Meas Setup Menu - Noise Figure Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

MEASURE Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

Mode Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

Mode Setup Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Mode Setup - DUT Setup Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

Source Menu - Noise Figure Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

Span Menu - Monitor Spectrum Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

Table of Contents

Contents

Table of Contents

Span Menu - Noise Figure Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181

Sweep Menu - Monitor Spectrum Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

Sweep Menu - Noise Figure Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183

Trace/View Menu - Monitor Spectrum Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

Trace/View Menu - Noise Figure Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

Uncertainty Calculator Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Front-Panel Key Reference

Key Descriptions and Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

AMPLITUDE Y Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

BW/Avg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191

Det/Demod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192

Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

FREQUENCY Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

Input/Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .201

Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Peak Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205

Meas Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207

MEASURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

MODE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214

Mode Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215

Mode Setup — DUT Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

Mode Setup - Uncertainty Calculator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

Preset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

SPAN X Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

Sweep Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Trace/View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

Language Reference

CALCulate Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

Test Current Results Against all Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230

Noise Figure Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

CONFigure Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

Configure the Selected Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

Configure Query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

DISPlay Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

Full Screen Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242

Set the Display Line Level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242

Set the Display Line State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

Set the Y-Axis Scale per Division . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243

Set the Reference Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

Set Display Annotation On/Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

Date and Time Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

Contents

Date and Time Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

Noise Figure Corrections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

Select Results for Display (A). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

Select Results for Display (B). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

Select Results Format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

Set Graticule On or Off. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

Set Graph View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

Noise Figure - Set the Y-Axis Scale per Division . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

Noise Figure - Set the Y-Axis Reference Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

Noise Figure - Set the Y-Axis Reference Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

Zoom Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

FETCh Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

Fetch the Current Measurement Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

FORMat Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Byte Order. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Numeric Data Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

INITiate Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

Take New Data Acquisition for Selected Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

Continuous or Single Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

Take New Data Acquisitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

Pause the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

Restart the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

Resume the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

INPut Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

RF Attenuation Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

Maximum Microwave Attenuation Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

Minimum Microwave Attenuation Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

Maximum RF Attenuation Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

Minimum RF Attenuation Setting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

RF Input Port Coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

INSTrument Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

Select Application by Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

Select Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

MEASure Group of Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264

Command Interactions: MEASure, CONFigure, FETCh, INITiate and READ . . . 264

Monitor Spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

Noise Figure Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

Noise Figure Measurement - Gain Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270

Table of Contents

Contents

Table of Contents

Noise Figure Measurement - Noise Factor Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271

Noise Figure Measurement - Noise Figure Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

Noise Figure Measurement - Cold Power Pcold Density Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

Noise Figure Measurement - Hot Power Phot Density Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

Noise Figure Measurement - Effective Temperature Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

Noise Figure Measurement - Tcold Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276

Noise Figure Measurement - Y Factor Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

MMEMory Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

Load a Noise Figure ENR Table from a File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .278

Load a Noise Figure Frequency List Table from a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

Load a Limit Line from Memory to the Instrument. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

Load a Noise Figure Loss Compensation Table from a File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

Store a Noise Figure ENR Table to a File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279

Store a Limit Line in a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

Store a Noise Figure Frequency List Table to a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

Store a Noise Figure Loss Compensation Table to a File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

Store a Measurement Results in a File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

Store a Trace in a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

READ Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .282

Initiate and Read Measurement Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

SENSe Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .283

Bandwidth Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284

Configure Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286

Default Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

Monitor Spectrum or Monitor Band/Channel Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

Noise Figure Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

SOURce Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

Noise Source Preference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

TRACe Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .323

Query Trace Maximum Amplitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .323

Query Trace Minimum Amplitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324

Query Trace Amplitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324

Query Trace Delta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

Query Trace Peak to Peak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

Troubleshooting Guide

Common Problems and their Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

Problems Measuring Above 3 GHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331

Contacting Agilent Technologies

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336

List of Commands

:CALCulate:CLIMits:FAIL? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

:CALCulate:UNCertainty:DUT:GAIN <value>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

:CALCulate:UNCertainty:DUT:GAIN? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

:CALCulate:UNCertainty:DUT:MATCh:INPut <value> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

:CALCulate:UNCertainty:DUT:MATCh:INPut?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

:CALCulate:UNCertainty:DUT:MATCh:OUTPut <value> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

:CALCulate:UNCertainty:DUT:MATCh:OUTPut?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

:CALCulate:UNCertainty:DUT:NFIGure <value> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

:CALCulate:UNCertainty:DUT:NFIGure? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

:CALCulate:UNCertainty:INSTrument:GAIN <value> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

List of Commands

:CALCulate:UNCertainty:INSTrument:GAIN? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

:CALCulate:UNCertainty:INSTrument:MATCh <value> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

:CALCulate:UNCertainty:INSTrument:MATCh? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

:CALCulate:UNCertainty:INSTrument:NFIGure <value> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

:CALCulate:UNCertainty:INSTrument:NFIGure:UNCertainty <value> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

:CALCulate:UNCertainty:INSTrument:NFIGure:UNCertainty? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

:CALCulate:UNCertainty:INSTrument:NFIGure?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

:CALCulate:UNCertainty:RSS? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

:CALCulate:UNCertainty:SOURce:ENR <value> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

:CALCulate:UNCertainty:SOURce:ENR? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

:CALCulate:UNCertainty:SOURce:MATCh <value> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

:CALCulate:UNCertainty:SOURce:MATCh? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

:CALCulate:UNCertainty:SOURce:TYPE <value> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240

:CALCulate:UNCertainty:SOURce:TYPE? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240

:CALCulate[:NFIGure]:LLINe[1]|2|3|4:COUNT? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

:CALCulate[:NFIGure]:LLINe[1]|2|3|4:DISPlay[:STATe] OFF|ON|0|1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

:CALCulate[:NFIGure]:LLINe[1]|2|3|4:DISPlay[:STATe]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

:CALCulate[:NFIGure]:LLINe[1]|2|3|4:TEST[:STATe] OFF|ON|0|1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

:CALCulate[:NFIGure]:LLINe[1]|2|3|4:TEST[:STATe]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

:CALCulate[:NFIGure]:LLINe[1]|2|3|4:TYPE UPPer|LOWer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

:CALCulate[:NFIGure]:LLINe[1]|2|3|4:TYPE? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

List of Commands

:CALCulate[:NFIGure]:LLINe[1]|2|3|4[:DATA]<frequency>,

<amplitude>,<connected>[<frequency>,<amplitude>,<connected>] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231

:CALCulate[:NFIGure]:LLINe[1]|2|3|4[:DATA]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231

:CALCulate[:NFIGure]:LLINe[1]|2|3|4[:STATe] OFF|ON|0|1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232

:CALCulate[:NFIGure]:LLINe[1]|2|3|4[:STATe]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232

:CALCulate[:NFIGure]:MARKer[1]|2|3|4:[:STATe] OFF|ON|0|1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .235

:CALCulate[:NFIGure]:MARKer[1]|2|3|4:[:STATe]?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .235

:CALCulate[:NFIGure]:MARKer[1]|2|3|4:BPAir:MODE NORMal:REFerence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233

:CALCulate[:NFIGure]:MARKer[1]|2|3|4:BPAir:MODE? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233

List of Commands

:CALCulate[:NFIGure]:MARKer[1]|2|3|4:MODE? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233

:CALCulate[:NFIGure]:MARKer[1]|2|3|4:SEArch:CONTinuous OFF|ON|0|1 . . . . . . . . . . . . .234

:CALCulate[:NFIGure]:MARKer[1]|2|3|4:SEArch:CONTinuous? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234

:CALCulate[:NFIGure]:MARKer[1]|2|3|4:SEArch:TYPE? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234

:CALCulate[:NFIGure]:MARKer[1]|2|3|4:X <freq> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .235

:CALCulate[:NFIGure]:MARKer[1]|2|3|4:X? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .235

:CALCulate[:NFIGure]:MARKer[1]|2|3|4:Y? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236

:CONFigure:<measurement> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241

:CONFigure:MONitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268

:CONFigure?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241

:CONFigure[:NFIGure] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269

:DISPlay:[NFIGure]:ZOOM:WINDow OFF|UPPer|LOWer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .250

:DISPlay:[NFIGure]:ZOOM:WINDow? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .250

:DISPlay:FSCReen[:STATe] OFF|ON|0|1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242

:DISPlay:FSCReen[:STATe]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242

:DISPlay:FSCREEN|FULLSCREEN[:STATe] ON|OFF|1|0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242

:DISPlay:FSCREEN|FULLSCREEN[:STATe]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242

:DISPlay:MONitor:WINDow:TRACe:Y:DLINe <power> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242

:DISPlay:MONitor:WINDow:TRACe:Y:DLINe:STATe ON|OFF|1|0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243

:DISPlay:MONitor:WINDow:TRACe:Y:DLINe:STATe? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243

List of Commands

:DISPlay:MONitor:WINDow:TRACe:Y:DLINe? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

:DISPlay:MONitor:WINDow:TRACe:Y[:SCALe]:PDIVision <dB> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

:DISPlay:MONitor:WINDow:TRACe:Y[:SCALe]:PDIVision?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

:DISPlay:MONitor:WINDow:TRACe:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel <dB>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

:DISPlay:MONitor:WINDow:TRACe:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

:DISPlay[:NFIGure]:ANNotation:CLOCk:DATE:FORMat MDY|DMY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

:DISPlay[:NFIGure]:ANNotation:CLOCk:DATE:FORMat?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

:DISPlay[:NFIGure]:ANNotation:CLOCk[:STATe] OFF|ON|0|1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

:DISPlay[:NFIGure]:ANNotation:CLOCk[:STATe]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

:DISPlay[:NFIGure]:ANNotation[:STATe] ON|OFF|1|0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

List of Commands

:DISPlay[:NFIGure]:ANNotation[:STATe]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

:DISPlay[:NFIGure]:DATA:CORRections[:STATe] ON|OFF|1|0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

:DISPlay[:NFIGure]:DATA:CORRections[:STATe]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

:DISPlay[:NFIGure]:DATA:TRACe[1]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

:DISPlay[:NFIGure]:DATA:TRACe[1]NFIGure|NFACtor

:DISPlay[:NFIGure]:DATA:TRACe2 NFIGure|NFACtor

:DISPlay[:NFIGure]:FORMat GRAPh|TABLe|METer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

:DISPlay[:NFIGure]:FORMat?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

:DISPlay[:NFIGure]:GRATicule[:STATe] ON|OFF|1|0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

:DISPlay[:NFIGure]:GRATicule[:STATe]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

:DISPlay[:NFIGure]:TRACe:COMBined[:STATe] ON|OFF|1|0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

:DISPlay[:NFIGure]:TRACe:COMBined[:STATe]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

:DISPlay[:NFIGure]:TRACe:Y[:SCALe]:PDIVision <result>, <value> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

:DISPlay[:NFIGure]:TRACe:Y[:SCALe]:PDIVision?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

:DISPlay[:NFIGure]:TRACe:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel:VALue <result>, <value> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

:DISPlay[:NFIGure]:TRACe:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel:VALue?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

:DISPlay[:NFIGure]:TRACe:Y[:SCALe]:RPOSition <result>, <value> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

:DISPlay[:NFIGure]:TRACe:Y[:SCALe]:RPOSition? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

:FETCh:<measurement>[n]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

List of Commands

:FETCh:MONitor[n]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268

:FETCh[:NFIGure]([:ARRay]|:SCALar)[:DATA](:CORRected|:UNCorrected):NFACtor? . . . . . . .271

:FETCh[:NFIGure]([:ARRay]|:SCALar)[:DATA](:CORRected|:UNCorrected):NFIGure? . . . . . . .272

:FETCh[:NFIGure]([:ARRay]|:SCALar)[:DATA](:CORRected|:UNCorrected):PCOLd? . . . . . . . .273

:FETCh[:NFIGure]([:ARRay]|:SCALar)[:DATA](:CORRected|:UNCorrected):PHOT? . . . . . . . . .274

:FETCh[:NFIGure]([:ARRay]|:SCALar)[:DATA](:CORRected|:UNCorrected):TEFFective? . . . . .275

:FETCh[:NFIGure]([:ARRay]|:SCALar)[:DATA]:CORRected:GAIN?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .270

:FETCh[:NFIGure]([:ARRay]|:SCALar)[:DATA]:TCOLd? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .276

:FETCh[:NFIGure]([:ARRay]|:SCALar)[:DATA]:UNCorrected :YFACtor? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277

:FETCh[:NFIGure]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269

List of Commands

:FORMat:BORDer NORMal|SWAPped . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252

:FORMat:BORDer? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252

:FORMat[:TRACe][:DATA] ASCii|REAL[,32] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252

:FORMat[:TRACe][:DATA]?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252

:INITiate:<measurement>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255

:INITiate:CONTinuous OFF|ON|0|1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255

:INITiate:CONTinuous?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255

:INITiate:PAUSe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256

:INITiate:RESTart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256

:INITiate:RESume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257

:INITiate[:IMMediate] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256

:INITiate[:NFIGure]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269

:INPut:COUPling AC|DC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260

:INPut:COUPling? AC|DC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260

:INPut[:NFIGure]:ATTenuation <power>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258

:INPut[:NFIGure]:ATTenuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258

:INPut[:NFIGure]:ATTenuation:MWAVe:MAXimum <integer> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258

:INPut[:NFIGure]:ATTenuation:MWAVe:MAXimum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258

:INPut[:NFIGure]:ATTenuation:MWAVe:MINimum <integer> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258

:INPut[:NFIGure]:ATTenuation:MWAVe:MINimum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258

:INPut[:NFIGure]:ATTenuation[:RF]:MAXimum <integer> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258

List of Commands

:INPut[:NFIGure]:ATTenuation[:RF]:MAXimum <integer> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

:INPut[:NFIGure]:ATTenuation[:RF]:MAXimum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

:INPut[:NFIGure]:ATTenuation[:RF]:MINimum <integer>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

:INPut[:NFIGure]:ATTenuation[:RF]:MINimum <integer>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

:INPut[:NFIGure]:ATTenuation[:RF]:MINimum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

:INSTrument:NSELect <integer> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

:INSTrument:NSELect? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

:INSTrument[:SELect]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

List of Commands

:MEASure:MONitor[n] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

:MEASure[:NFIGure]([:ARRay]|:SCALar)[:DATA](:CORRected|:UNCorrected):NFACtor? . . . . 271

:MEASure[:NFIGure]([:ARRay]|:SCALar)[:DATA](:CORRected|:UNCorrected):NFIGure? . . . . 272

:MEASure[:NFIGure]([:ARRay]|:SCALar)[:DATA](:CORRected|:UNCorrected):PCOLd? . . . . . . 273

:MEASure[:NFIGure]([:ARRay]|:SCALar)[:DATA](:CORRected|:UNCorrected):PHOT?. . . . . . . 274

:MEASure[:NFIGure]([:ARRay]|:SCALar)[:DATA](:CORRected|:UNCorrected):TEFFective? . . 275

:MEASure[:NFIGure]([:ARRay]|:SCALar)[:DATA]:CORRected:GAIN? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270

:MEASure[:NFIGure]([:ARRay]|:SCALar)[:DATA]:TCOLd? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276

:MEASure[:NFIGure]([:ARRay]|:SCALar)[:DATA]:UNCorrected :YFACtor? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

:MEASure[:NFIGure]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

:MMEMory:LOAD:ENR CALibration|MEASurement, <file_name> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

:MMEMory:LOAD:LIMit LLINe1|LLINe2|LLINe3|LLINe4,<file_name>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

:MMEMory:LOAD:LOSS BEFore|AFTer, <file_name> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

:MMEMory:STORe:ENR CALibration|MEASurement, <file_name>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

:MMEMory:STORe:LIMit LLINe1|LLINe2,<file_name> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

:MMEMory:STORe:LIMit LLINe1|LLINe2|LLINe3|LLINe4,<file_name> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

:MMEMory:STORe:LOSS BEFore|AFTer, <file_name> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

:MMEMory:STORe:RESults filename.csv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

:MMEMory:STORe:TRACe TRACe1|TRACe2|ALL, <file_name> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

:MMEMory:STORe:TRACe TRACe1|TRACe2|TRACE3|ALL, <file_name> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

:MMEMory[:NFIGure]:LOAD:FREQuency, <file_name>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

List of Commands

:MMEMory[:NFIGure]:STORe:FREQuency, <file_name>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279

:READ:<measurement>[n]?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .282

:READ:MONitor[n] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268

:READ[:NFIGure]([:ARRay]|:SCALar)[:DATA](:CORRected|:UNCorrected):NFACtor? . . . . . . . .271

:READ[:NFIGure]([:ARRay]|:SCALar)[:DATA](:CORRected|:UNCorrected):NFIGure? . . . . . . . .272

:READ[:NFIGure]([:ARRay]|:SCALar)[:DATA](:CORRected|:UNCorrected):PCOLd? . . . . . . . . .273

:READ[:NFIGure]([:ARRay]|:SCALar)[:DATA](:CORRected|:UNCorrected):PHOT? . . . . . . . . . .274

:READ[:NFIGure]([:ARRay]|:SCALar)[:DATA](:CORRected|:UNCorrected):TEFFective?. . . . . .275

:READ[:NFIGure]([:ARRay]|:SCALar)[:DATA]:CORRected:GAIN? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .270

:READ[:NFIGure]([:ARRay]|:SCALar)[:DATA]:TCOLd? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .276

List of Commands

:READ[:NFIGure]([:ARRay]|:SCALar)[:DATA]:UNCorrected :YFACtor? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277

:READ[:NFIGure]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269

:SENSe:NFIGure:MANual:RF|:MWAVe:FIXed <power> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258

:SOURce[:NFIGure]:NOISe[:PREFerence] NORMal|SNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .322

:SOURce[:NFIGure]:NOISe[:PREFerence]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .322

:TRACe[:NFIGure][:DATA]:CORRected|:UNCorrected:AMPLitude :MAXimum? <trace> . . . . . .323

:TRACe[:NFIGure][:DATA]:CORRected|:UNCorrected:AMPLitude [:VALue]? <trace>,<freq>. . .324

:TRACe[:NFIGure][:DATA]:CORRected|:UNCorrected:AMPLitude:MINimum? <trace> . . . . . . .324

:TRACe[:NFIGure][:DATA]:CORRected|:UNCorrected:DELTa? <trace>,<freq1>,<freq2> . . . . . .325

:TRACe[:NFIGure][:DATA]:CORRected|:UNCorrected:PTPeak? <trace>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .326

[:SENSe]:CONFigure:MODE:DOWNconv:FREQuency:CONText RF|IF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .286

[:SENSe]:CONFigure:MODE:DOWNconv:FREQuency:CONText?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .286

[:SENSe]:CONFigure:MODE:DOWNconv:LOSCillator:FREQuency <value> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .286

[:SENSe]:CONFigure:MODE:DOWNconv:LOSCillator:FREQuency? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .286

[:SENSe]:CONFigure:MODE:DOWNconv:LOSCillator:OFFSet LSB|USB|DSB . . . . . . . . . . . . .287

[:SENSe]:CONFigure:MODE:DOWNconv:LOSCillator:OFFSet? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287

[:SENSe]:CONFigure:MODE:DUT AMPLifier|DOWNconv|UPConv. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287

[:SENSe]:CONFigure:MODE:DUT? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287

[:SENSe]:CONFigure:MODE:SYSTem:DOWNconv[:STATe] ON|OFF|1|0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .288

[:SENSe]:CONFigure:MODE:SYSTem:DOWNconv[:STATe]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .288

[:SENSe]:CONFigure:MODE:SYSTem:FREQuency:CONText RF|IF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .289

List of Commands

[:SENSe]:CONFigure:MODE:SYSTem:FREQuency:CONText? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

[:SENSe]:CONFigure:MODE:SYSTem:LOSCillator:FREQuency <value> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

[:SENSe]:CONFigure:MODE:SYSTem:LOSCillator:FREQuency? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

[:SENSe]:CONFigure:MODE:SYSTem:LOSCillator:OFFSet LSB|USB|DSB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

[:SENSe]:CONFigure:MODE:SYSTem:LOSCillator:OFFSet? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

[:SENSe]:CONFigure:MODE:UPConv:FREQuency:CONText RF|IF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290

[:SENSe]:CONFigure:MODE:UPConv:FREQuency:CONText? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290

[:SENSe]:CONFigure:MODE:UPConv:LOSCillator:FREQuency <value> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290

[:SENSe]:CONFigure:MODE:UPConv:LOSCillator:FREQuency? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290

[:SENSe]:CONFigure:MODE:UPConv:LOSCillator:OFFSet LSB|USB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

List of Commands

[:SENSe]:CONFigure:MODE:UPConv:LOSCillator:OFFSet? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

[:SENSe]:DEFaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

[:SENSe]:FREQuency:SPAN:BANDwidth[:RESolution]:RATio:AUTO OFF|ON|0|1 . . . . . . . . . 297

[:SENSe]:FREQuency:SPAN:BANDwidth[:RESolution]:RATio:AUTO? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

[:SENSe]:FREQuency:SPAN:BANDwidth|BWIDth[:RESolution] :RATIO?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

[:SENSe]:FREQuency:SPAN:BANDwidth|BWIDth[:RESolution]:RATio <val> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

[:SENSe]:MONitor:AVERage:COUNt <integer> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

[:SENSe]:MONitor:AVERage:COUNt? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

[:SENSe]:MONitor:AVERage:TCONtrol EXPonential|REPeat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

[:SENSe]:MONitor:AVERage:TCONtrol? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

[:SENSe]:MONitor:AVERage[:STATe] OFF|ON|0|1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

[:SENSe]:MONitor:AVERage[:STATe]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

[:SENSe]:MONitor:BANDwidth|BWIDth:VIDeo <freq> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284

[:SENSe]:MONitor:BANDwidth|BWIDth:VIDeo <freq> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

[:SENSe]:MONitor:BANDwidth|BWIDth:VIDeo:AUTO OFF|ON|0|1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284

[:SENSe]:MONitor:BANDwidth|BWIDth:VIDeo:AUTO OFF|ON|0|1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

[:SENSe]:MONitor:BANDwidth|BWIDth:VIDeo:AUTO? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284

[:SENSe]:MONitor:BANDwidth|BWIDth:VIDeo:AUTO? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

[:SENSe]:MONitor:BANDwidth|BWIDth:VIDeo:RATio <numeric>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285

[:SENSe]:MONitor:BANDwidth|BWIDth:VIDeo:RATio <numeric>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

[:SENSe]:MONitor:BANDwidth|BWIDth:VIDeo:RATio? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285

List of Commands

[:SENSe]:MONitor:BANDwidth|BWIDth:VIDeo:RATio? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .294

[:SENSe]:MONitor:BANDwidth|BWIDth:VIDeo?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .284

[:SENSe]:MONitor:BANDwidth|BWIDth:VIDeo?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .294

[:SENSe]:MONitor:BANDwidth|BWIDth[:RESolution] <freq> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .284

[:SENSe]:MONitor:BANDwidth|BWIDth[:RESolution] <freq> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293

[:SENSe]:MONitor:BANDwidth|BWIDth[:RESolution]:AUTO OFF|ON|0|1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293

[:SENSe]:MONitor:BANDwidth|BWIDth[:RESolution]:AUTO? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293

[:SENSe]:MONitor:BANDwidth|BWIDth[:RESolution]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .284

[:SENSe]:MONitor:BANDwidth|BWIDth[:RESolution]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293

[:SENSe]:MONitor:DETector[:FUNCtion] NORMal |POSitive|NEGative|AVERage . . . . . . . . . .294

List of Commands

[:SENSe]:MONitor:DETector[:FUNCtion]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .294

[:SENSe]:MONitor:FREQuency:OFFSet <freq> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295

[:SENSe]:MONitor:FREQuency:OFFSet:AUTO ON|OFF|1|0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296

[:SENSe]:MONitor:FREQuency:OFFSet:AUTO?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296

[:SENSe]:MONitor:FREQuency:OFFSet?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295

[:SENSe]:MONitor:FREQuency:SPAN <freq> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296

[:SENSe]:MONitor:FREQuency:SPAN:FULL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .298

[:SENSe]:MONitor:FREQuency:SPAN:ZERO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .298

[:SENSe]:MONitor:FREQuency:SPAN? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296

[:SENSe]:MONitor:FREQuency:STARt <freq> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .298

[:SENSe]:MONitor:FREQuency:STARt?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .298

[:SENSe]:MONitor:FREQuency:STOP <freq> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .299

[:SENSe]:MONitor:FREQuency:STOP? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .299

[:SENSe]:MONitor:FREQuency[:CENTer] <freq> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295

[:SENSe]:MONitor:FREQuency[:CENTer]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295

[:SENSe]:MONitor:POWer[:RF]:ATTenuation <rel_power> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .299

[:SENSe]:MONitor:POWer[:RF]:ATTenuation:AUTO ON|OFF|1|0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .299

[:SENSe]:MONitor:POWer[:RF]:ATTenuation:AUTO? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .299

[:SENSe]:MONitor:POWer[:RF]:ATTenuation? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .299

[:SENSe]:MONitor:POWer[:RF]:GAIN:[:STATe]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .300

[:SENSe]:MONitor:POWer[:RF]:GAIN[:STATe] ON|OFF|1|0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .300

List of Commands

[:SENSe]:MONitor:POWer[:RF]:RANGe:AUTO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

[:SENSe]:MONitor:SWEep:POINts? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

[:SENSe]:MONitor:SWEep:TIME <value> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

[:SENSe]:MONitor:SWEep:TIME:AUTO OFF|ON|0|1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

[:SENSe]:MONitor:SWEep:TIME:AUTO?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

[:SENSe]:MONitor:SWEep:TIME? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

[:SENSe]:SWEep:POINts? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:AVERage:COUNt <integer> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:AVERage:COUNt? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:AVERage:TCONtrol? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

List of Commands

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:AVERage[:STATe] OFF|ON|0|1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:AVERage[:STATe]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:BANDwidth|BWIDth[:RESolution] <freq> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:BANDwidth|BWIDth[:RESolution]:AUTO OFF|ON|0|1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:BANDwidth|BWIDth[:RESolution]:AUTO? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:BANDwidth|BWIDth[:RESolution]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:COLLect[:ACQuire] STANdard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:ENR:CALibration:TABLe:COUNt? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:ENR:CALibration:TABLe:DATA

<frequency, <amplitude>[,<frequency>, <amplitude>] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:ENR:CALibration:TABLe:DATA? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:ENR:CALibration:TABLe:ID :DATA <string> . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:ENR:CALibration:TABLe:ID :DATA? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:ENR:CALibration:TABLe:SERial :DATA <string> . . . . . . . . . 306

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:ENR:CALibration:TABLe:SERial :DATA? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:ENR:COMMon[:STATe] ON|OFF|1|0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:ENR:COMMon[:STATe]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:ENR:MODE TABLe|SPOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:ENR:MODE?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:ENR:SPOT <value> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:ENR:SPOT? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309

List of Commands

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:ENR:THOT <value> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:ENR:THOT? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:ENR[:MEASurement]:TABLe :SERial:DATA <string>. . . . . . .307

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:ENR[:MEASurement]:TABLe :SERial:DATA?. . . . . . . . . . . . . .307

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:ENR[:MEASurement]

:TABLe:COUNt?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:ENR[:MEASurement]:TABLe:DATA

<frequency, <amplitude>[,<frequency>, <amplitude>] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:ENR[:MEASurement]:TABLe:DATA? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:ENR[:MEASurement]:TABLe:ID :DATA <string>. . . . . . . . . . .307

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:ENR[:MEASurement]:TABLe:ID :DATA? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:LOSS:AFTer:MODE FIXed|TABLe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:LOSS:AFTer:MODE? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:LOSS:AFTer:TABLe:COUNt? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .310

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:LOSS:AFTer:TABLe:DATA

<frequency>, <amplitude>[,<frequency>, <amplitude>] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .310

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:LOSS:AFTer:TABLe:DATA? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .310

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:LOSS:AFTer:VALue <value>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:LOSS:AFTer:VALue? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:LOSS:AFTer[:STATe] ON|OFF|1|0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .310

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:LOSS:AFTer[:STATe]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .310

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:LOSS:BEFore:MODE FIXed|TABLe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:LOSS:BEFore:MODE?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:LOSS:BEFore:TABLe:COUNt? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:LOSS:BEFore:TABLe:DATA

<frequency>, <amplitude>[,<frequency>, <amplitude>] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:LOSS:BEFore:TABLe:DATA? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:LOSS:BEFore:VALue <value> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:LOSS:BEFore:VALue?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:LOSS:BEFore[:STATe] ON|OFF|1|0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:LOSS:BEFore[:STATe]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:SPOT:MODE ENR|THOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313

List of Commands

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:SPOT:MODE? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:TCOLd:USER:VALue <temperature> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:TCOLd:USER:VALue? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:TCOLd:USER[:STATe] ON|OFF|1|0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:TCOLd:USER[:STATe]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:TEMPerature:AFTer <temperature> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:TEMPerature:AFTer? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:TEMPerature:BEFore <temperature> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:CORRection:TEMPerature:BEFore? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:DETector[:FUNCtion] AVERage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

List of Commands

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:DETector[:FUNCtion]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:FREQuency:CENTer <frequency> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:FREQuency:CENTer? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:FREQuency:FIXed <frequency> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:FREQuency:FIXed? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:FREQuency:LIST:COUNt? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:FREQuency:LIST:DATA <frequency>[,<frequency>] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:FREQuency:LIST:DATA? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:FREQuency:MODE SWEep? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:FREQuency:MODE SWEep|FIXed|LIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:FREQuency:SPAN <span> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:FREQuency:SPAN? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:FREQuency:STARt <start frequency> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:FREQuency:STARt?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:FREQuency:STOP <stop frequency> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:FREQuency:STOP? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:MANual:MWAVe:FIXed <attenuation> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:MANual:MWAVe:FIXed? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:MANual:RF:FIXed <attenuation> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:MANual:RF:FIXed? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:POWer[:RF]:GAIN[:STATe] ON|OFF|1|0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319

List of Commands

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:POWer[:RF]:GAIN[:STATe]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319

[:SENSe][:NFIGure]:SWEep:POINts <integer>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .320

List of Commands

1 Getting Started

This chapter describes how to install the Noise Figure measurement personality (Option 219) in PSA Series analyzers. It also shows how to license the option so you can make your noise figure measurements.

Getting Started

What You will Find in this Chapter

This chapter takes you through all the necessary steps to install and license the Noise Figure Measurement personality in PSA Series analyzers. This chapter covers:

“Introduction” on page 23

“Installing Optional Measurement Personalities” on page 25

“Starting the Noise Figure Personality” on page 32

“Saving the Instrument State” on page 33

“Keeping Your Measurement Data and Instrument Setups Secure” on page 34

Getting Started

22 Chapter 1

Getting Started

Introduction

The Option 219 Noise Figure Measurement Personality is a downloadable program (DLP) that is used with the PSA Series spectrum analyzers. You need the following equipment to use the utility:

Table 1-1 Hardware, Firmware and Software

Requirements

Firmware Software Hardware

Revision Number

A.10.00 or later

Noise Figure Measurement Personality

Option 219

Front End Driver Board

Rev. ‘b’ or later

Option 1DS Internal Preamp (100 kHz to 3GHz)

Recommended for best performance in the 100 kHz to 3 GHz range.

Option 110 Internal Preamp (100 kHz to

50 GHz

Recommended if you need to make measurements above 3 GHz.

)

a. The maximum frequency of the Option 110 Preamp is limited

by the frequency range of your spectrum analyzer.

NOTE Agilent Technologies recommends that you install either Option 1DS

(Internal 100 kHz - 3 GHz Preamp) or Option 110 (Internal 100 kHz 50 GHz Preamp), depending on your measurement needs. Option 1DS gives best performance in the 100 kHz to 3 GHz range. Option 110 enables you to perform measurements above 3 GHz up to the frequency limits of your analyzer. If you ever have to measure above 3 GHz, then choose Option 110. The preamp is required for specified performance at all frequencies.

Getting Started

Chapter 1 23

Getting Started

Introduction

NOTE The Noise Figure Measurement personality (Option 219) requires

Revision b or later of the Front End Driver assembly. This supplies the +28 V output (labelled “NOISE SOURCE DRIVE OUT +28 V (PULSED)” on the rear panel), which is needed to drive the noise source. To see which version is installed in your PSA, press

Show Hdwr. If you have an earlier revision than Revision b, contact your

System,

Agilent Technologies representative. Refer to

http://www.agilent.com/find/psa for further information.

NOTE Model E4445A HA5 - the Noise Figure Measurement personality

(Option 219) can not be installed on the E4445A HA5 model PSA analyzer. These analyzers have the HA5 Low Cost Option installed, and cannot be upgraded to make noise figure measurements. Press

More, Show System to list the installed options.

System,

The next sections describe how to install and access the Noise Figure personality.

Getting Started

24 Chapter 1

Getting Started

Installing Optional Measurement Personalities

When you install a measurement personality, you need to follow a three step process:

1. Determine whether your memory capacity is sufficient to contain all the options you want to load. If not, decide which options you want to install now, and consider upgrading your memory. Details follow in

“Do You Have Enough Memory to Load All Your Personality Options?” on page 25.

2. Install the measurement personality firmware into the instrument memory. Details follow in “Loading an Optional Measurement

Personality” on page 29.

3. Enter a license key that activates the measurement personality. Details follow in “Obtaining and Installing a License Key” on

page 29.

Adding measurement personalities requires the purchase of an upgrade kit for the desired option. The upgrade kit contains the measurement personality firmware and an entitlement certificate that is used to generate a license key from the internet website. A separate license key is required for each option on a specific instrument serial number and host ID.

For the latest information on Agilent Spectrum Analyzer options and upgrade kits, visit the following web location:

http://www.agilent.com/find/sa_upgrades

Do You Have Enough Memory to Load All Your Personality Options?

If you do not have memory limitations then you can skip ahead to the next section “Loading an Optional Measurement Personality” on

page 29. If after installing your options you get error messages relating

to memory issues, you can return to this section to learn more about how to optimize your configuration.

If you have 64 MBytes of memory installed in your instrument, you should have enough memory to install at least four optional personalities, with plenty of memory for data and states.

Getting Started

The optional measurement personalities require different amounts of memory. So the number of personalities that you can load varies. This is also impacted by how much data you need to save. If you are having memory errors you must swap the applications in or out of memory as needed. If you only have 48 MBytes of memory, you can upgrade your

Chapter 1 25

Getting Started

Installing Optional Measurement Personalities

hardware to 64 MBytes.

Additional memory can be added to any PSA Series analyzer by installing Option 115. With this option installed, you can install all currently available measurement personalities in your analyzer and still have memory space to store more state and trace files than would otherwise be possible.

To see the size of your installed memory for PSA Series Spectrum Analyzers:

1. Ensure that the spectrum analyzer is in spectrum analyzer mode because this can affect the screen size.

Getting Started

2. Press

System, More, Show Hdwr.

3. Read Flash Memory size in the table. If Option 115 is installed, the table will also show Compact Flash Type and Compact Flash Size.

PSA Flash Memory Size

64 Mbytes 32.5 MBytes 30.0 MBytes

48 Mbytes 16.9 MBytes 14.3 MBytes

PSA Compact Flash Memory Size

512 Mbytes (Opt. 115) 512 MBytes

Available Memory Without Option B7J and Option 122 or 140

Available Additional Memory for Measurement Personalities

Available Memory With Option B7J and Option 122 or 140

If you have 48 MBytes of memory, and you want to install more than 3 optional personalities, you may need to manage your memory resources. The following section, “How to Predict Your Memory

Requirements” on page 27, will help you decide how to configure your

installed options to provide optimal operation.

26 Chapter 1

Getting Started

Installing Optional Measurement Personalities

How to Predict Your Memory Requirements

If you plan to install many optional personalities, you should review your memory requirements, so you can determine whether you have enough memory (unless you have a PSA Series with Option 115). There is an Agilent “Memory Calculator” available online that can help you do this, or you can make a calculated approximation using the information that follows. You will need to know your instrument’s installed memory size and then select your desired applications.

NOTE If you have a PSA Series analyzer with Option 115, there is adequate memory

to install all of the available optional personalities in your instrument.

To calculate the available memory on your PSA, see:

http://sa.tm.agilent.com/PSA/memory/

Select the “Memory Calculator” link. You can try any combination of available personalities to see if your desired configuration is compatible with your installed memory.

NOTE After loading all your optional measurement personalities, you should have a

reserve of ~2 MBytes memory to facilitate mode switching. Less available memory will increase mode switching time. For example, if you employ excessive free memory by saving files of states and/or data, your mode switching time can increase to more than a minute.

You can manually estimate your total memory requirements by adding up the memory allocations described in the following steps. Compare the desired total with the available memory that you identified in the previous section.

1. Program memory - Select option requirements from the table

“Measurement Personality Options and Memory Required” on page 28.

2. Shared libraries require 7.72 MBytes.

3. Recommended mode swap space is 2 MBytes.

4. Screens - .gif files need 20-25 kBytes each.

5. State memory - State file sizes range from 21 kB for SA mode to 40 kB for W-CDMA. The state of every mode accessed since power-on will be saved in the state file. File sizes can exceed 150 kB each when several modes are accessed, for each state file saved.

Getting Started

TIP State memory retains settings for all states accessed before the Save State

command. To reduce this usage to a minimum, reduce the modes accessed before the Save State is executed. You can set the PSA to boot into a selected mode by accessing the desired mode, then pressing the System, Power

On/Preset, Power On keys and toggle the setting to Last.

Chapter 1 27

Getting Started

Installing Optional Measurement Personalities

Measurement Personality Options and Memory Required

Personality Options

for PSA Series Spectrum Analyzers

Option File Size

(PSA Rev: A.10)

cdmaOne measurement personality BAC 1.91 Mbytes

NADC and PDC measurement personalities (not

BAE 2.43 Mbytes

available separately)

W-CDMA or W-CDMA, HSDPA, HSUPA

BAF, 210

5.38 Mbytes

measurement personality

cdma2000 or cdma2000 w/ 1xEV-DV measurement personality

1xEV-DO measurement personality 204

GSM (with EDGE) measurement personality 202

Shared measurement library

Phase Noise measurement personality 226

Noise Figure measurement personality 219

Basic measurement personality with digital demod hardware

Programming Code Compatibility Suited (8560

B78, 214

4.00 Mbytes

5.61 Mbytes

3.56 Mbytes

n/a 7.72 Mbytes

2.82 Mbytes

4.68 Mbytes

B7J Cannot be deleted

(2.64 Mbytes)

266

1.18 Mbytes

Series, 8590 Series, and 8566/8568)

Getting Started

TD-SCDMA Power measurement personality 211

TD-SCDMA Modulation Analysis or TD-SCDMA

212, 213 1.82 Mbytes

5.47 Mbytes

Modulation Analysis w/ HSDPA/8PSK measurement personality

Flexible Digital Modulation Analysis 241

WLAN measurement personality 217

External Source Control 215

Measuring Receiver Personality

233

2.11 Mbytes

3.24 Mbytes

0.72 Mbytes

2.91 Mbytes

(available with Option 23A - Trigger support for AM/FM/PM and Option 23B - CCITT filter)

EMC Analyzer

239

4.06 Mbytes

a. Available as of the print date of this guide. b. Many PSA Series personality options use a 7.72 Mbyte shared measurement library. If

you are loading multiple personalities that use this library, you only need to add this

memory allocation once. c. Shared measurement library allocation not required. d. This is a no charge option that does not require a license key.

28 Chapter 1

Getting Started

Installing Optional Measurement Personalities

Memory Upgrade Kits

The PSA 64 MByte Memory Upgrade kit part number is E4440AU-ANE. The PSA Compact Flash Upgrade kit part number is E4440AU-115.

For more information about memory upgrade kits contact your local sales office, service office, or see:

http://www.agilent.com/find/sa_upgrades

Loading an Optional Measurement Personality

You must use a PC to load the desired personality option into the instrument memory. Loading can be done from a firmware CD-ROM or by downloading the update program from the internet. An automatic loading program comes with the files and runs from your PC.

You can check the Agilent internet website for the latest PSA firmware versions available for downloading:

http://www.agilent.com/find/psa_firmware

NOTE When you add a new option, or update an existing option, you will get the

updated versions of all your current options as they are all reloaded simultaneously. This process may also require you to update the instrument core firmware so that it is compatible with the new option.

Depending on your installed hardware memory, you may not be able to fit all of the available measurement personalities in instrument memory at the same time. You may need to delete an existing option file from memory and load the one you want. Use the automatic update program that is provided with the files. Refer to the table showing

“Measurement Personality Options and Memory Required” on page 28.

The approximate memory requirements for the options are listed in this table. These numbers are worst case examples. Some options share components and libraries, therefore the total memory usage of multiple options may not be exactly equal to the combined total.

Obtaining and Installing a License Key

If you purchase an optional personality that requires installation, you will receive an “Entitlement Certificate” which may be redeemed for a license key specific to one instrument. Follow the instructions that accompany the certificate to obtain your license key.

Getting Started

To install a license key for the selected personality option, use the following procedure:

NOTE You can also use this procedure to reinstall a license key that has been deleted

during an uninstall process, or lost due to a memory failure.

Chapter 1 29

Getting Started

Installing Optional Measurement Personalities

1. Press System, More, More, Licensing, Option to accesses the alpha editor. Use this alpha editor to enter letters (upper-case), and the front-panel numeric keys to enter numbers for the option designation. You will validate your option entry in the active function area of the display. Then, press the

Enter key.

2. Press

License Key to enter the letters and digits of your license key.

You will validate your license key entry in the active function area of the display. Then, press the

3. Press the

Activate License key.

Enter key.

Viewing a License Key

Measurement personalities purchased with your instrument have been installed and activated at the factory before shipment. The instrument requires a License Key unique to every measurement personality purchased. The license key is a hexadecimal number specific to your measurement personality, instrument serial number and host ID. It enables you to install, or reactivate that particular personality.

Use the following procedure to display the license key unique to your personality option that is already installed in your PSA:

Press

Personality key displays the personalities loaded, version

information, and whether the personality is licensed.

NOTE You will want to keep a copy of your license key in a secure location. Press

System, More, then Licensing, Show License, and print out a copy of the display that shows the license numbers. If you should lose your license key, call your nearest Agilent Technologies service or sales office for assistance.

System, More, More, Licensing, Show License. The System,

Getting Started

Using the Delete License Key on PSA

This key will make the option unavailable for use, but will not delete it from memory. Write down the 12-digit license key for the option before you delete it. If you want to use that measurement personality later, you will need the license key to reactivate the personality firmware.

NOTE Using the Delete License key does not remove the personality from the

instrument memory, and does not free memory to be available to install another option. If you need to free memory to install another option, refer to the instructions for loading firmware updates located at the URL :

http://www.agilent.com/find/psa/

1. Press System, More, More, Licensing, Option. Pressing the Option key will activate the alpha editor menu. Use the alpha editor to enter the letters (upper-case) and the front-panel numeric keyboard to enter the digits (if required) for the option, then press the

30 Chapter 1

Enter key. As you

Getting Started

Installing Optional Measurement Personalities

enter the option, you will see your entry in the active function area of the display.

2. Press

Delete License to remove the license key from memory.

Ordering Optional Measurement Personalities

When you order a personality option, you will receive an entitlement certificate. Then you will need to go to the Web site to redeem your entitlement certificate for a license key. You will need to provide your instrument serial number and host ID, and the entitlement certificate number.

Required Information: Front Panel Key Path:

Model #: (Ex. E4440A)

Host ID: __________________

Instrument Serial Number: __________________

System, Show System

Getting Started

Chapter 1 31

Getting Started

Starting the Noise Figure Personality

The noise figure personality can be started easily once the program has been licensed and installed.

Press

MODE, then Noise Figure to start the utility.

Getting Started

32 Chapter 1

Getting Started

Saving the Instrument State

Saving an instrument state when in Noise Figure mode will save the entire measurement mode and measurement setup with the exception of trace and limit lines. This means that when you save the state (press

File, then Save, and set Typ e to State), you can save all current settings,

including:

•ENR data

• Frequency Lists

• Loss Compensation Lists

• Resolution Bandwidth settings

•Calibration data

Loading a state that has been saved at any time from the Noise Figure mode will force the analyzer to switch to Noise Figure mode, and will overwrite any existing settings with those that were valid when the state was last saved.

NOTE Limit lines and trace data are not saved in the instrument state. They

must be explicitly saved using the

File and Save keys, and setting Type

to the appropriate setting.

Table 1-2 Saving the Instrument State

Tab le / Parameter

ENR Tables Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Freq List Yes Yes No Yes No

Loss Comp Table Yes Yes No Yes No

Limit Lines No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Correction data (Calibration)

Saved in

State

Ye s N o Ye s Ye s No

Saved as a file

Survives Preset

Survives Mode Switch

Survives Power Cycle

a. Settings saved in a Save State operation can be recalled by

pressing the using a

File, Load and Type keys. They can also be recalled

Power On Last or a User Preset operation.

Getting Started

Chapter 1 33

Getting Started

Keeping Your Measurement Data and Instrument Setups Secure

There are three different levels of security which you can use to protect your data from unauthorized access or viewing. These are:

• Blanking the display

• Erasing your user files

• Erasing all memory, including the operating system

Refer to http://www.agilent.com/find/security for further information on these facilities.

CAUTION If you need to use any of these security functions, Agilent Technologies

strongly recommend that you read all the relevant instructions first. Failure to follow the instructions exactly may render your analyzer inoperable. You will then have to return your analyzer to an Agilent Service Center to have it restored to a working condition.

Getting Started

34 Chapter 1

2 Making Basic Measurements

This chapter describes how to make basic noise figure measurements using your analyzer using Option 219, the Noise Figure Measurement application, and also covers the most common measurement related tasks.

Making Basic Measurements

What You will Find in this Chapter

This chapter describes the procedures to set up Option 219, the Noise Figure Measurement application, and uses a basic example to demonstrate measuring the noise figure and gain of a device such as an amplifier which performs no frequency conversion. This chapter covers:

“Entering Excess Noise Ratio (ENR) Data” on page 37

“Setting the Measurement Frequencies” on page 46

“Setting the Bandwidth and Averaging” on page 50

“Calibrating the Analyzer” on page 52

“Displaying the Measurement Results” on page 59

“Indicating an Invalid Result” on page 75

“Example of a Basic Amplifier Measurement” on page 76

Making Basic Measurements

36 Chapter 2

Making Basic Measurements

Entering Excess Noise Ratio (ENR) Data

You can enter ENR data for the noise source you are using as a table of values or as a single spot value. The values held in the table can be used for measurements at a range of frequencies as well as at a fixed frequency.

The single spot value is used either for measurements at a single frequency, or for measurements across a range of frequencies that is narrow enough such that the ENR value does not change significantly across that range.

There are two types of noise source. The first type, for example, an Agilent 346B, is a normal noise source that is powered by a pulsed +28 V supply. These need their ENR data to be entered manually, either by using the ENR data stored previously on a diskette (such as that supplied with Agilent noise sources) or by using the keypad.

The other type of noise source, for example, an Agilent N4000A, is known as a Smart Noise Source (SNS). These Smart Noise Sources require a special socket to connect to the analyzer. Because the Agilent PSA spectrum analyzers do not have this connector, Smart Noise Sources can not be used with any of the PSA Series analyzers.

Selecting a Common ENR Table

You can use the same, Common, ENR table both for calibration and for making measurements, or you can use separate Measurement ENR and Calibration ENR tables. You need separate measurement and calibration tables when separate noise sources are used for DUT measurements and for calibration. An example of this is when you are using frequency converters, and the calibration range is different than the measurement range.

NOTE ENR tables can contain up to 401 frequency points.

To use the same ENR table for calibration and measurement, press the

Meas Setup key and then the ENR key. Press the Common Table key to

select for measurements and for calibration.

The default setting for is not accessible.

To use different ENR tables for calibration and measurement, press the

Common Table key to select Off.

When

Table ...

calibrate your analyzer.

On. This configures the analyzer to use a common ENR table both

Common Table is On. In this mode the Cal Table...

Common Table is set to Off, the Cal Table... key is accessible. Cal

gives you access to the ENR table of the noise source used to

Making Basic Measurements

Chapter 2 37

Making Basic Measurements

Entering Excess Noise Ratio (ENR) Data

When Common Table is set to Off, the Meas & Cal Table... key is also accessible. This gives you access to the ENR data table for the noise source used to make measurements.

When

Common Table, and is used for both calibration and measurement. The

analyzer’s keys will then refer to the

Meas Table....

Common Table is set to On, the Meas Table... is used as the

Meas & Cal Table... instead of the

Entering ENR Table Data for Noise Sources

You can manually enter ENR data in the form of an ENR table in four different ways:

• You can load the ENR data from a diskette on which the data has been previously stored. The diskette supplied with every Agilent noise source contains the ENR data for that particular noise source.

• You can load the ENR data from the internal memory, where the data has been previously stored.

• You can manually input the required frequencies and corresponding ENR values.

• You can load the ENR data over a GPIB connection. See the PSA User’s and Programmer’s Reference Volume 1 for more details.

NOTE Normal noise sources from Agilent Technologies have the ENR values

printed on the body of the device. These ENR values are also provided in the form of a calibration report, and on a diskette which is supplied with every Agilent noise source. The values printed on the noise source itself are only shown to two decimal places. The values stored on a diskette are correct to three decimal places.

Making Basic Measurements

To load ENR data from diskette or from memory

If the noise source you are using has its ENR data supplied or previously stored on a diskette or internal memory, you can load this

ENR data into the analyzer as follows.

Step 1. If the ENR file is on diskette, insert the diskette into the floppy drive of

the analyzer.

Step 2. Press the

Step 3. Press the

Step 4. Select the type of file you wish to load by pressing the

either the

File key.

Load key to access the file system.

Type key and then

ENR Meas/Common Table key or the ENR Cal Table key.

A list of available files on the [-A-] or [-C-] drive is displayed.

Step 5. Select the drive from which you wish to load ENR data by pressing the

Dir Up key, and then selecting the drive by using the up and down

38 Chapter 2

Making Basic Measurements

Entering Excess Noise Ratio (ENR) Data

arrows and pressing the Dir Select key.

A list of available files on the specified [-A-] or [-C-] drive is displayed. Use the arrow keys to access the appropriate file.

Step 6. Select the file from which to load the data by using the up and down

arrows. Once you have highlighted the correct file, press the

Load Now

key.

To enter ENR table data manually

NOTE When you are entering ENR data for the first time, the ENR table is

empty. You can create this condition in Option 219 Noise Figure Measurement which has been used previously by pressing the

Setup

key, followed by ENR. Look at the Common Table softkey to check

Meas

whether Common Table is On or Off. If Common Table is On, press

Meas & Cal Table..., and Tab down to any point in one of the rows in the

table. Press

More, Delete All.

If Common Table is Off, press down to any point in one of the rows in the table. Press

All. The typical display is shown in Figure 2-1.

ENR, Meas Table... or Cal Table..., and Tab

More, and Delete

Enter the ENR data manually as follows:

Step 1. Press the

Table ...

Meas Setup key, followed by the ENR key, and then the Meas

key, the Cal Table... key, or the Meas & Cal Table... key.

Step 2. Now select the ENR table for which you wish to enter data.

To enter common measurement and calibration ENR data, make sure

Common Table is set to On, and press the Meas and Cal Table key.

that

To enter either measurement ENR data or calibration ENR data, make sure that pressing either

ENR Table appears on the display with the first frequency point in

Common Table is set to Off, and then select your table by

Meas Table... or Cal Table....

the table highlighted (see Figure 2-1).

Making Basic Measurements

Chapter 2 39

Making Basic Measurements

Entering Excess Noise Ratio (ENR) Data

Figure 2-1 An Empty ENR Table

Step 3. Optional Step

Tab to the and press the

Serial # field, or Tab to any of the rows of data in the table

Serial # key, and enter the noise source serial number

using the numeric keys and the Alpha Editor.

Step 4. Optional Step

Tab to the and press the

Model ID field, or Tab to any of the rows of data in the table

Model ID key, and enter the noise source model number

using the numeric keys and the Alpha Editor.

Step 5. Tab to the first column (Row number) in the ENR data table.

The table editing and navigation menu items now appear.

Step 6. Either press the

highlight to the

Tab —> key or press the Frequency key to move the

Frequency column. Enter the frequency value in the

table using the numeric keys. Terminate it using the unit menu keys.

Step 7. Either press the

Tab —> key or press the ENR Value key to move the

highlight to the ENR Value column. Enter the corresponding ENR value of the ENR list.

When terminating the ENR value you can use either

C (degrees Centigrade), or F (degrees Fahrenheit) menu keys. The K, C,

F entry is converted to appear in the table as dB.

dB, K (Kelvin),

Making Basic Measurements

Step 8. Either press the

highlight to the

Tab —> key or press the Frequency key to move the

Frequency column. Enter the next frequency value on

the ENR list.

Step 9. Read the note (below) or repeat steps 7 to 8 until all the frequency and

ENR values you need are entered.

40 Chapter 2

Making Basic Measurements

Entering Excess Noise Ratio (ENR) Data

NOTE The ENR Table data is stored in CSV (Comma Separated Value) format.

It is sometimes more convenient to use a text editor on a PC to edit or enter this data rather than to enter the data manually using the analyzer. Start by saving at least one ENR value to diskette, and then edit or add to the saved file using your PC.

Step 10. After completing the ENR table entries, press the

to return to the ENR menu.

Step 11. Optional Step

Once you have completed entering the ENR data, you can save the ENR table using the

File key.

For details on saving files, see “Saving an ENR Table” on page 42.

Figure 2-2 A Typical ENR Table after data entry

Return key or ESC key

NOTE ENR table data survives a power cycle and preset. You only need to

explicitly save ENR data if you have more than one noise source.

NOTE You can insert the frequencies into the ENR Table entry in any order, as

the analyzer automatically sorts the frequency list into ascending order.

NOTE When results are needed at frequencies between those entered in the

ENR tables, a linearly interpolated value is automatically used at those frequencies.

Chapter 2 41

Making Basic Measurements

Entering Excess Noise Ratio (ENR) Data

Saving an ENR Table

You can save an ENR table either to the analyzer’s internal memory or to floppy disk as follows:

Step 1. Press the

Step 2. Press the

Step 3. Select the type of file you wish to save by pressing the

then either the

File key.

Save key.

Type key and

ENR Meas/Common Table key or the ENR Cal Table key.

A list of existing files on the [-A-] or [-C-] drive is displayed.

Step 4. Select the drive to which you wish to save the ENR data by pressing the

Dir Up key, and then selecting the drive by using the up and down

arrows and pressing the

Dir Select key.

A list of existing files on the specified [-A-] or [-C-] drive is displayed.

Step 5. You can either accept the default filename that the analyzer has

displayed at the top of the screen, or you can specify your own. To specify your own filename press the

Name key, and then specify the

name using the Alpha editor and the numeric keys on the front panel.

NOTE Although the file extension is shown in the default filename, you must

not include the file extension when specifying your own filename. The file extension is determined by the type of file you tell the analyzer you are saving. It is added automatically to the filename you specify.

Making Basic Measurements

Step 6. Press the

Save Now key to save the file.

42 Chapter 2

Making Basic Measurements

Entering Excess Noise Ratio (ENR) Data

Entering a Spot ENR Value

A Spot ENR value can be applied across the whole measurement frequency range, or when making a measurement in fixed frequency mode, you can enter a specific spot ENR value corresponding to the fixed frequency.

To enter a Spot ENR value:

Step 1. Press the

Step 2. Press the

Step 3. Press the

Meas Setup key and the ENR key.

Spot key.

Spot ENR key.

Step 4. Enter an ENR value using the numeric keys and terminate it using the

unit termination menu keys. The default value is 15.20 dB.

NOTE If you are using a noise source with a calibrated ENR list and the

frequency you want to measure is not a listed ENR value, then you need to interpolate the ENR list to an appropriate value.

To Enable Spot ENR Mode

Step 1. Press the

Step 2. Press the

Meas Setup key and the ENR key.

ENR Mode key to select Spot.

Chapter 2 43

Making Basic Measurements

Entering Excess Noise Ratio (ENR) Data

Entering a Spot T

When making measurements you can enter a specific The

Spot Thot value is applied across the whole measurement frequency

range

To e nte r a S pot T

Step 1. Press the

Step 2. Press the

Step 3. Enter a T

Meas Setup key, the ENR key, then the Spot key.

Spot T hot key.

value using the numeric keys and terminate it using the

hot

unit termination menu keys. The default value is 9892.80 K.

NOTE You can enter T

Fahrenheit (F), or in Kelvin (K). Whatever units you use when entering the T

temperature, the temperature will be converted automatically

hot

and displayed in K.

To Enable Spot T

Step 1. Press the

Meas Setup key and the ENR key.

Val ue

hot

Spot Thot value.

value:

hot

temperatures in degrees centigrade (C), in degrees

hot

Mode

hot

Step 2. Press the

Step 3. Press the

Step 4. Press the

ENR Mode key to select Spot.

Spot key.

Spot State key and select Thot.

Making Basic Measurements

44 Chapter 2

Making Basic Measurements

Entering Excess Noise Ratio (ENR) Data

Setting the T

When making measurements in different ambient temperature conditions you can change the T

The default temperature value is set at 296.50 K (23.25° C The T cold key is set to Default to confirm this default temperature.

Changing the User T

To change the User T

Step 1. Press the

Step 2. Press the

Step 3. Enter the T

Meas Setup key and the ENR key.

T cold key so that User is underlined.

cold

and terminate it by selecting the unit termination menu keys.

NOTE You can enter T

Fahrenheit (F), or in Kelvin (K). Whatever units you use when entering the T

temperature, the temperature will be converted automatically

cold

and displayed in K.

value

cold

value manually.

cold

or 73.85° F).

value manually

cold

value:

cold

temperature using the numeric keys on the front panel,

temperatures in degrees centigrade (C), in degrees

cold

Chapter 2 45

Making Basic Measurements

Setting the Measurement Frequencies

Before you set the frequencies you want to measure, you need to select a frequency mode. Three frequency modes are available:

Sweep — the measurement frequencies are obtained from the start

• and stop (or equivalent center and span) frequencies and the number of measurement points.

List — the measurement frequencies are obtained from the

• frequency list entries.

Fixed — the measurement frequency is taken at a single fixed

• frequency.

Using Sweep Frequency Mode

In sweep frequency mode you set the start and stop frequencies (or equivalent center and span frequencies) over which the sweep is made.

You also need to set the number of measurement points. These measurement points are equally spaced over the frequency span. The maximum number of points is 401 and the default number of points is 11.

NOTE If you change the span after a calibration, and the calibration has been

made over a narrower frequency range, the calibration is invalid.

To make a measurement over a specific frequency range:

Step 1. Press the

Step 2. Press the

Step 3. Press

Step 4. Set the frequency range by either entering the

frequencies, or the

FREQUENCY/Channel key.

Freq Mode key.

Sweep to select Sweep mode.

Start Freq and Stop Freq

Center Freq and the Freq Span key.

Use the numeric key pad to enter the value you want. Use the unit menu keys to terminate the number.

Step 5. Press the

Points key.

Step 6. Enter the number of measurement points using the numeric keys.

Press the

NOTE The time required to make a measurement or to calibrate is

Enter key to terminate.

proportional to the number of measurement points that you specify.

Making Basic Measurements

46 Chapter 2

Making Basic Measurements

Setting the Measurement Frequencies

Using List Frequency Mode

List frequency mode allows you to enter the frequency points where measurements are made. This allows you to specify measurement

points, for example, in areas of interest that would otherwise have less coverage in the sweep mode. List Frequency mode can also be used to avoid making measurements at frequencies where spurs are known to exist.

Frequency lists are limited to 401 entries.

To set the analyzer to use the data in the frequency list table:

Step 1. Press the

Step 2. Press the

You can create a frequency list in the following ways:

• Manually, by specifying each individual point.

• From the swept points, by specifying the measurement frequency range and setting the analyzer to generate equally spaced points within that range, using the edited later if required.

• Loading a list from the internal memory or from a diskette where the data has been previously stored. Lists stored an a diskette can be edited using your text editor of your PC.

• Loading a list over GPIB; see Chapter 7 , “Language Reference,” on

page 229 if you want to use this method.

To Create a Frequency List Manually

Step 1. Press the

Step 2. Press the

A Frequency List table appears on the display.

FREQUENCY/Channel key and the Freq Mode key.

List key to set the frequency mode to List.

Fill key. This list of frequencies can be

FREQUENCY/Channel key.

Freq List... key.

Chapter 2 47

Making Basic Measurements

Setting the Measurement Frequencies

Figure 2-3 An Empty Frequency List

NOTE You do not need to enter the frequency values in ascending order, as the

analyzer continually sorts the values into ascending order.

Step 3. Press the

Delete All key.

You are prompted to press this key again, this feature ensures you do not accidently clear a valid Frequency list table. Press the

Delete All key

again. Clearing the table allows you to start entering points knowing there are no previous entries remaining.

The first frequency point in the table is highlighted.

Step 4. Enter the frequency value you want using the numeric keys. Terminate

it using the unit menu keys which are presented to you.

Step 5. The next frequency point in the table is automatically highlighted.

Enter the next frequency value by using the numeric key pad and the unit termination keys.

Step 6. Repeat step 5 until your list is complete.

Step 7. Save the Frequency List to the analyzer internal memory or to a

diskette if required using the

File key. See “Saving an ENR Table” on

page 42 for an explanation of this.

Making Basic Measurements

NOTE If you do not save the frequency list, you may lose the data. This

depends on your Power On/Preset condition. Table 1-2 on page 33 gives you more details.

48 Chapter 2

Making Basic Measurements

Setting the Measurement Frequencies

Creating a Frequency List from Swept Points

You can create a frequency list from the swept mode frequency and points data.

To set the analyzer to use the swept mode data:

Step 1. Press the

Step 2. Press the

Step 3. Press the

FREQUENCY/Channel key.

Freq List... key.

Fill key.

This clears the current frequency list and fills the list with the frequencies generated by the sweep frequency mode. This results in the same frequency list as setting

Frequency Mode to Swept. You can use

this list as a starting point, and then edit the frequencies as required.

Using Fixed Frequency Mode

The fixed frequency mode is used when you want to make a measurement at a single frequency.

NOTE If you have not entered the noise source ENR data which you intend

using for the fixed frequency mode measurement, you may specify a spot ENR value and set the ENR mode to Spot.

To set a fixed frequency:

Step 1. Press the

Step 2. Press the

FREQUENCY/Channel key.

Freq Mode key to set the frequency mode to Fixed.

Fixed Freq key is now available.

The

Step 3. Press the

numeric keys and the unit termination menu keys.

Fixed Freq key and enter the frequency value using the

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Making Basic Measurements

Setting the Bandwidth and Averaging

Effect of Bandwidth and Averaging on Speed, Jitter, and Measurement Accuracy

Jitter is a natural occurrence when measuring noise. To reduce jitter you must increase the number of averages or increase the measurement bandwidth.

If the bandwidth is reduced, you need to increase the number of averages to maintain the same uncertainty.

The greater the number of averages chosen, the more accurate the measurement, as this reduces jitter on the measurement. However, this has to be considered against how long it takes to complete the measurement.

There is therefore a trade off between speed and the accuracy/uncertainty of a measurement.

Making Basic Measurements

Selecting the Resolution Bandwidth Value

When the Res BW is set to Auto, the bandwidth is set automatically, and is dependent on measurement frequency.

At measurement frequencies of 3 MHz or above, the Resolution Bandwidth is set automatically to 1 MHz.

At measurement frequencies less than 3 MHz, the Resolution Bandwidth is set automatically to 10% of the measurement frequency.

When the Bandwidth from a minimum of 1 Hz to a maximum of 8 MHz. The lower the Resolution Bandwidth setting, the longer the measurement will take. With a up to 6000 secs.

CAUTION Do not switch to DC Coupling if your input signal contains a DC

component. You risk permanently damaging your analyzer’s front end components if you do this.

NOTE Agilent model numbers E4443A, E4445A, and E4440A only: For greater

accuracy in your noise figure measurements, Agilent recommends that you use DC Coupling for measurement frequencies below 20 MHz, and AC coupling for frequencies greater than 20 MHz. When setting your

analyzer to DC Coupled, make sure you do not have a DC component being fed into the analyzer input as you will permanently damage your analyzer. Press the

your analyzer to AC or DC Coupled.

Res BW is set to Man, you can manually specify the Resolution

Res BW setting of 1 Hz, each measurement point may take

Input/Output key, and then the RF Coupling key to set

50 Chapter 2

Step 1. Press the BW/Avg key.

Making Basic Measurements

Setting the Bandwidth and Averaging

Enabling averaging

The current resolution bandwidth is shown on the

Step 2. Press the

Res BW key and select whether the resolution bandwidth is to

Res BW key.

be set automatically, or to be set manually by you.

Step 3. Enter your resolution bandwidth using the numeric keys on the front

panel, and terminate by using the unit termination keys.

Setting Averaging

Increased averaging reduces jitter and provides more accurate measurement results. However, the measurement speed is sacrificed. The maximum number of averages allowed is 1000, and the default value is 10. The default setting, however, is

Averaging can be enabled by setting the averaging set

Setting the Number of Averages

To set the number of averages you want:

Step 1. Press the

Averagi ng i s s e t t o

Averaging to Off.

Meas Setup key, and then press the Avg Number key so that

On.

Off.

Averaging to On. To disable

Step 2. Enter the numeric value you want using the numeric key pad.

Terminate it with the

Enter key.

Selecting the Averaging Mode

Averaging Mode is permanently set to Repeat. No other form of

averaging is available.

With Repeat averaging, each point in a sweep is measured an

Number

of times and the average figure evaluated, before moving on to

the next point in the sweep.

Avg

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Making Basic Measurements

Calibrating the Analyzer

To compensate for the noise contribution of the analyzer and associated cabling in the measurement path, a calibration is necessary. The

calibration measures the analyzer’s noise contribution with no DUT (device under test) in place. This correction is often referred to as the second stage calibration. The correction is then applied to the measurement with the DUT in place.

To perform calibration you need to enter the ENR values and set up the frequency range, number of measurement points, the bandwidth, the averaging, and measurement mode to be used during the measurement.

NOTE If you alter the frequency range after you have calibrated the analyzer,

it changes the analyzer’s status to either the uncorrected or the interpolated corrected state. Before you can make another measurement to the specified accuracy, you will need to either recalibrate the analyzer, or to recall a previously saved state file in which the calibration data has been saved.

Corrected measurements

You can make corrected measurements only at frequencies which are covered by the current calibration. Attempting to make corrected measurements at frequencies less than the lowest calibration frequency or greater than the highest calibration frequency will generate an error and invalidate the calibration.

To proceed you must either:

• perform a calibration over the desired measurement frequency range

• change the measurement frequency to one covered by the existing calibration

• perform uncorrected measurements. Uncorrected measurements actually measure the noise figure of the analyzer and any associated components in the input path. This can be useful if you wish to use the Uncertainty Calculator.

NOTE If you perform a measurement outside the calibrated range of the

analyzer,

Noise Figure Correction is automatically set to Off and a

message is displayed stating User Cal invalidated, freq outside cal range. If you then change your measurement frequency back to a

frequency within the calibrated range, the previous error message will be replaced by a message stating User Cal valid.

Correction

, however, will still be set to Off. You will need to switch it On

Noise Figure

again to make a corrected measurement.

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Calibrating the Analyzer

When to perform calibration

Interpolated results

To make corrected measurements, you must calibrate the analyzer whenever:

• You power cycle the analyzer

• You Preset the analyzer

• You select a measurement frequency or frequency range outside the currently calibrated range

• You change the RBW setting across the 1.5 MHz boundary. That is, if you change from an RBW value less than or equal to 1.5 MHz to one that is greater, or from an RBW value greater than 1.5 MHz to one that is at 1.5 MHz or lower.

• There is a large temperature variation since the last calibration

• The input signal level can no longer be measured using one of the calibrated input attenuator ranges

• When an invalid result is detected and the condition is indicated by a “xx”. See “Indicating an Invalid Result” on page 75 for an explanation of these conditions.

When the number of measurement points is changed without exceeding the range of frequencies being measured, interpolation between

calibration points is used and a new calibration is not required. Similarly, when the RBW is changed without crossing the 1.5 MHz boundary, the power at each calibration point is re-estimated, and a new calibration is not required. Interpolation, however, is not perfect; it is therefore always better to perform a new calibration.

Calibration indicator

Interpolated calibration

The locations of the measurement points, that is, the frequencies at which measurements are made, change whenever the start frequency, the stop frequency, or the number of points is changed.

Whenever anything within the analyzer changes to invalidate the current calibration, the message UnCorr is displayed in red at the top left-hand corner of the display. If the analyzer has been successfully calibrated for the current frequency and measurement settings, the message Corr is displayed in green text at the top right-hand corner of the display.

Whenever anything within the analyzer changes to force the current calibration to interpolate the calibration data, the green Corr message at the top right-hand corner of the display switches to a yellow ~Corr message at the top center of the display. This would happen, for example, if you change the RBW after calibrating but before measuring.

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Calibrating the Analyzer

To perform a calibration

Step 1. Verify that the correct ENR table is loaded in the analyzer, or input the

ENR values of the noise source into the analyzer’s Common or Calibration Table.

See “Entering ENR Table Data for Noise Sources” on page 38 for more details.

Step 2. Configure the measurement parameters (frequency range, number of

points, bandwidth, averages, and measurement mode) you want to use for the measurement.

Step 3. Connect the noise source output directly to the analyzer input, as

shown in Figure 2-4.

Figure 2-4 PSA Calibration

NOISE SOURCE DRIVE OUT +28 V (PULSED)

Making Basic Measurements

NOISE SOURCE

NOTE You may need to use connector adaptors to connect the noise source

output to the analyzer input during calibration. The connectors you use need to be included in the measurement. If you remove these connectors for the measurement, you need to apply Loss Compensation to compensate for any loss caused by the connectors’ removal. “Using Loss

Compensation” on page 90 has an explanation of this.

Step 4. If required, select an input attenuator range by pressing the

Input/Output key, followed by the Noise Figure Corrections key and the Input Cal key to set the minimum and maximum input attenuation.

See “Selecting the Input Attenuation Range” on page 56 for mode

details on input attenuation.

Step 5. Press the

Calibrate key twice to initiate the calibration.

The first time you press the key you are prompted to press it again.

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Calibrating the Analyzer

This two-stroke key press feature prevents you from accidentally pressing

Calibrate and erasing the existing calibration data.

The analyzer performs the calibration, displaying a percentage counter while this is happening.

When the calibration is finished the calibration indicator changes from a red UnCorr display to a green Corr display. Also the

Corrections

Noise Figure Corrections key) is now available to you. This allows

the

key (Input/Output key, Noise Figure Corrections key and again

Noise Figure

you to make corrected or uncorrected measurements by switching between

NOTE Measurement performance above 3 GHz is not specified. If you do not

On and Off respectively.

have either Option 110, High Band Preamp, or an external preamp and you are calibrating above 3 GHz, the calibration data will vary significantly. Measurements made with this calibration data might be valid, but only if the device you are testing has a high gain. If this is not the case, the measurement accuracy will be poor. See the PSA Series Specifications Guide for more detail on operating above 3 GHz.

NOTE When using external preamps or high-gain DUTs, ensure that neither

the external preamp (or the high-gain DUT) nor the internal preamp go into compression as this will affect the accuracy of your measurements. If you suspect that one or other of the preamps is going into compression, use attenuation prior to that preamp to prevent compression. Note that the analyzer’s internal attenuator will only affect compression occurring in the internal preamp. It will not have any effect on any compression occurring in the external preamp.

Making Basic Measurements

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Calibrating the Analyzer

Selecting the Input Attenuation Range

The Noise Figure Measurement Personality (Option 219), in PSA Series analyzers, has a default input attenuation calibration range of 0 dB to 8

dB, and a step size of 4 dB.

In the Option 219 Noise Figure application, the attenuators cannot autorange. There is therefore a risk of overdriving the analyzer. If the signal power level is greater than –35 dBm on the PSA Series analyzers, the preamp will go into compression and the accuracy of your results will be adversely affected. In most cases, 0 dB attenuation is adequate. A guide to the input powers that can be handled by PSA Series analyzers at each frequency range is shown in Table 2-1 on

page 57.

To check for overdriving of the analyzer, that is, compression occurring at the preamp stage, set the attenuation to 0 dB and note the noise figure of your DUT. Now increase the attenuation by one step by pressing the up-arrow key. If your noise figure changes by more than

0.5 dB, attenuation is required. Repeat this process until you have found the lowest level of attenuation that gives you a stable noise figure result, and use this attenuation level for your measurements.

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Table 2-1 Power Detection and Ranging on PSA Series Analyzers

Frequency Attenuation

Setting

200 kHz to

3GHz

200 kHz to

3GHz

200 kHz to

3GHz

200 kHz to

3GHz

0 dB –35 dBm Over the full bandwidth, a

4 dB –39 dBm Over the full bandwidth, a

8 dB –43 dBm Over the full bandwidth, a

12 dB –47 dBm Over the full bandwidth, a

Maximum Input Power for High Accuracy

Approximate DUT Characteristics

DUT with NF = 5 dB and Gain = 36 dB, or a DUT with NF = 15 dB and Gain =29dB

DUT with NF = 5 dB and Gain = 40 dB, or a DUT with NF = 15 dB and Gain =33dB

DUT with NF = 5 dB and Gain = 44 dB, or a DUT with NF = 15 dB and Gain =37dB

DUT with NF = 5 dB and Gain = 48 dB, or a DUT with NF = 15 dB and Gain =41dB

3GHz to

50.0 GHz

0 dB –12 dBm

a. The figures given in the table (above) for 200 kHz to 3 GHz assume

a 5 dB ENR noise source and that the preamp is On. The figures for 3 GHz to 50.0 GHz assume a 15 dB ENR noise source.

b. If the DUT has a narrower bandwidth than the 200 kHz to 3 GHz

specified here, the DUT characteristics can be increased accordingly. For example, if the DUT has a bandwidth of 100 MHz, the DUT characteristics can be increased by a factor of

10 x log(3 x 10

/ 100 x 106), that is, by 15 dB. In this example with an attenuation setting of 0 dB, the Gain of a DUT with a 15 dB Noise Figure can be increased from 29 dB to 44 dB.

c. In the 3 – 50.0 GHz frequency range, Option 110 High Band

Preamp is highly recommended. If you do not have Option 110 installed, then an external preamp is recommended. For this reason, attenuation levels greater than 0 dB have been omitted from the table (above). Any external preamp you are using and the DUT will be the limiting factors for compression. The analyzer attenuators are after the external preamp and the DUT, and would therefore not improve the compression. The preselector has a bandwidth of between 30 MHz and 70 MHz, depending on frequency (higher frequencies have higher bandwidths).

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Calibrating the Analyzer

To select the input attenuation calibration range:

Step 1. Press the

Step 2. Press the

Step 3. Press the

Input/Output key.

Noise Figure Corrections key.

Input Cal key and select the attenuation range you want

Step 4. Set the attenuator range using the

enter the required attenuation calibration range using the numeric keys on the front panel. Terminate the attenuator range entry by pressing the

dB key. Use Table 2-1 on page 57 as a guide to what range

you require.

Setting the Input Attenuation after a Calibration

The attenuators cannot autorange. Hence, when making a measurement you must manually set the input attenuation to avoid overdriving the analyzer. To set the input attenuation:

Step 1. Press the

Step 2. Press the

Input/Output key.

Attenuation menu key and enter the desired measurement

attenuation using the numeric keys on the front panel. Press the to complete the attenuation setting.

Min Atten and Max Atten keys, and

dB key

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Displaying the Measurement Results

The analyzer features a color display and a comprehensive set of display features to allow you to analyze the measurement results in detail, or to quickly obtain pass/fail indication.

The following display format features are available:

• Graph, Table, or Meter mode display

• Single or dual-graph display allowing any two available result types to be displayed simultaneously

• Zoom to display only one result graph on the display

• Combine option to display two result types on the same graph

• Markers for searching a trace, and for displaying point data more accurately than can be done with a trace alone

• Save the current active trace data to memory

• Switch the graticule on or off

• Switch display annotation on or off

Selecting the Display Format

You can display the measurement results in either:

•Graph format

•Table format

• Meter format

The default display provides a display of noise figure and gain on the dual-graph display. The upper graph is noise figure and the lower graph is gain.

In all formats you can choose two result parameters you want to display.

To set the display format:

Step 1. Press the

Step 2. Select the

want.

Trace/View key.

Graph, Tab l e, or Meter key to select the display mode you

Making Basic Measurements

Navigating Around the Display

Active Graph The active graph is highlighted by a green border. Noise Figure is the

active graph by default.

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Figure 2-5 Dual-graph display

Changing the Active Graph

To change the active graph, press the

Next Window key below the

display. This key allows you to set the upper or lower graph as the active graph.

Viewing the Full Screen

You can fill the entire display and remove the menu keys, the active function area annotation, and the display status line annotation from

the display. Press the screen. Pressing any key except

Display key and the Full Screen key to view the full

Save, Print or the numeric keys returns

to the previous display.

NOTE The Full Screen key also functions in table or meter format.

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Displaying the Measurement Results

Selecting Result Types to Display

You can choose to display any pair of measurement results in all of the display format modes.

The measurement result types are as follows, with their units in parentheses:

•Noise Figure (dB)

• Noise Factor (linear power, measured in watts)

•Gain (dB)

•Y Factor (dB)

• T effective (Kelvin, K)

•P hot (dB)

•P cold (dB)

To specify which measurement results are displayed

Step 1. Press the

Step 2. Press the

Trace/View key.

Result A key and select the result type that you want to

display. These results will be displayed in the upper display window when

View

Step 3. Press the

Meas View is set to Graph, and in the left-hand column when Meas

is set to Table.

Result B key and select the result type that you want to

display. These results will be displayed in the lower display window when

Meas View is set to Table .

NOTE If you press the AMPLITUDE/Y Scale key while Meas View is set to Graph,

Meas View is set to Graph, and in the right-hand column when

the scale menu keys for the active measurement are shown.

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Graphical Features

Viewing a single graph

While in graph format mode, you can press the the display and the active graph fills the display as a single graph, as shown in Figure 2-6. Pressing the to dual-graph.

Figure 2-6 Displaying a single graph

Zoom key located below

Zoom key again returns the display

Making Basic Measurements

NOTE When in single graph mode, pressing the Next Window key displays the

other single graph.

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Displaying the Measurement Results

Combining two traces on the same graph

You can combine the upper and lower graphs from a dual-graph display into a single combined display. By default, the

Combined setting is Off

and the graphs are not combined.

NOTE When combining two graphs, the Y-scale result limits are not re-scaled.

Both graphs have their own Y-scale result limits which are indicated in different colors. These colors correspond to the colors of the traces in the combined graph.

To combine the two graphs:

Step 1. Press the

Step 2. Press the

Trace/View key and ensure Graph is selected.

Combined key and toggle to the On setting to combine the two

currently displayed graphs on the same graph.

Figure 2-7 Typical display with two traces combined on the same graph

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Turning the Graticule On and Off

When screen. This is the default setting. When

Graticule is set to On, the graticule divisions are displayed on the

Graticule is set to Off, the

graticule lines are not displayed on the screen.

To turn the graticule on or off:

Step 1. Press the

Step 2. Press the

Step 3. Press the

Display key.

Preferences key.

Graticule key to select the Off or On as required.

Figure 2-8 Typical Graph with Graticule Switched Off

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Turning the Display Annotation On or Off

Making Basic Measurements

When This is the default setting. When

Annotation is set to On, the annotation is displayed on the screen.

Annotation is set to Off, the annotation

is not displayed on the screen.

To turn the annotation on or off:

Step 1. Press the

Step 2. Press the

Step 3. Press the

Display key.

Preferences key.

Annotation key to select the Off or On as required.

Figure 2-9 Typical Graph with Annotation Switched Off

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Setting the Scaling

You can set the result’s scale parameters in the active graph. To set the scale, press the

NOTE To change the active graph, press the Next Window key.

Figure 2-10 Typical Noise Figure Displayed on a Graph

AMPLITUDE/Y Scale key.

Press the set the scale for the measurement display manually, or press the

Scale

and

NOTE If limit line Display is set to On, and Autoscale is pressed or the scale is

AMPLITUDE/Y Scale key to display the Y Scale menu. You can

Auto

key. Pressing Auto Scale selects the optimum values for Ref Value

Scale/Div.

changed, the limit lines may no longer appear in the display.

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Displaying the Measurement Results

Setting Noise Figure Scale

NOTE The following procedure can also be applied to other result types.

To make Noise Figure the active screen and set up the noise figure parameters, use the following procedure.

Step 1. Press the

Next Window key so that your desired graph (upper or lower)

is highlighted with a green border.

Step 2. Press the

Step 3. Press the

the Noise Figure results displayed in the upper (

Result B) graph.

(

Step 4. Press the

Step 5. Press the

NOTE If you press the Noise Factor (Linear) key, the graph will display Noise

Factor

Trace/View key.

Result A or the Result B key, depending on whether you want

Result A) or lower

Noise Figure key.

Noise Figure (dB) key.

instead of Noise Figure results. Noise Factor results are

displayed on a power (watts) scale.

Step 6. Press the

Step 7. Press the

AMPLITUDE/Y Scale key.

Scale/Div key. Change the scale per division value using the

knob or the numeric keys. Values entered using the numeric keys can be terminated by pressing the

NOTE Instead of setting the Scale/Div manually, you can let the analyzer

dB or the linear key.

choose a suitable value that will cause the measurement trace to be displayed over the full height of the display window. To do this, press the Auto Scale key.

Setting the Reference Level

Step 1. Press the

the numeric keys. Values that are entered using the numeric keys can be terminated using either the

linear key, the figure you entered is automatically converted to dB.

Chapter 2 67

Ref Value key. Change the reference value using the knob or

dB key or the linear key. If you press the

Making Basic Measurements

Displaying the Measurement Results

Working with Markers

NOTE The marker functions only apply when you are working in graph

format.

Marker functions measure the frequency and measurement results by placing a diamond-shaped marker at a point on the trace. The measurement results displayed depend on the result type selected.

The analyzer has four markers,

Marker(4). The markers are coupled to both the lower graph trace and

Marker(1), Marker(2), Marker(3), and

upper graph trace.

Each marker can be enabled as a normal, delta, or delta pair marker. The active marker’s frequency is displayed in the active function area, and at the bottom of the screen. The enabled marker’s results are displayed under the

NOTE The active Tab at the bottom of the screen can be changed by pressing

Markers tab bar at the bottom of the screen.

the left-arrow and right-arrow keys.

Selecting Markers

To select a marker:

Step 1. Press the

Step 2. Press the

The active marker is identified by being underlined in the

Marker key.

Select Marker key to select the marker of interest.

Marker key

label.

Step 3. Press the

Normal, Delta or Delta Pair key to select your type of marker(s).

Making Basic Measurements

Figure 2-11 A Normal State Marker

68 Chapter 2

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Displaying the Measurement Results

A marker is now placed on each trace. Turn the knob or use the up- and down-step keys to place the markers at the point on the trace you want to measure, or use the numeric keys to enter the frequency of interest. The marker frequency and marker result are displayed against the

Marker tab bar which is below the graph display. Their frequency values

are also displayed in the active function area.

NOTE A marker can only be placed on a point where a measurement has been

made. It is not possible to place a marker at an interpolated position on the graphs.

To turn an active marker off

To turn an active marker off, press the marker annotation from the marker tab at the bottom of the screen, and the marker frequency from the active function area.

To change the active marker

The default active marker setting is marker, press the

Marker(1) to Marker(2). Press it again and it moves the active marker

Marker(2) to Marker(3). This process is repeated until it returns to

from the

Marker(1).

Select Marker key. This moves the active marker from

Figure 2-12 Four Normal State Markers

Off key. This also removes the

Marker(1). To change the active

To Switch all the Markers Off

To use Delta Markers

To switch all the markers off press

Marker All Off. This turns off all the

markers and associated annotation.

Changing the Marker States

The

Delta key places a reference marker at the current position of the

active marker. The delta markers enable you to measure the difference between the reference marker and the delta marker position on the

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trace. Turn the knob to place the delta marker to the point on the trace you want to measure. The position of the reference marker remains fixed. The delta marker has its frequency and measurement result value differences annotated relative to the reference marker on the marker tab at the bottom of the screen. The delta marker has its actual frequency value is displayed in the active function area. See Figure

2-13.

Figure 2-13 The Delta Marker State enabled

Making Basic Measurements

Step 1. Press the

Step 2. Press the

Step 3. Press the

To use Delta Pair Markers

To activate a Delta marker:

Marker key.

Select Marker key to select the marker of interest.

Delta key to highlight it. Use the knob to move the Delta

marker from the reference marker. The annotation on the marker tab at the bottom of the screen displays the difference between the reference marker and the delta marker. The frequency of the delta marker is displayed in the active function area at the top of the screen.

The

Delta Pair key places two markers allowing you to choose to move

either the normal marker or the reference marker. This feature is similar to the

Delta marker, except you can choose to move either the

reference or the delta marker.

When you first select a marker as a Delta Pair, the active marker is the reference marker.

Ref will be underlined on the Delta Pair key to indicate

this. The reference marker is indicated by the letter ‘R’ beside the marker’s number on the display. Once you have positioned the reference marker, press the Delta Pair key again to underline the delta marker (

∆). Your delta marker is now the active marker. You can position this on

any of the measurement points on the graph by using the knob, the step-up or the step-down keys, or the numeric keys. The position of the

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Displaying the Measurement Results

reference marker remains fixed until the reference marker is re-activated by pressing the Delta Pair key again. The active marker has its frequency and measurement result value differences annotated below the graph. Its actual frequency value is displayed in the active function area. See Figure 2-14.

Figure 2-14 Delta Pair with Reference Marker Enabled

Making Basic Measurements

To activate the Delta Pair markers:

Step 1. Press the

Step 2. Press the

Step 3. Press the

on the

Marker key.

Select Marker key to select the marker of interest.

Delta Pair key to highlight it. Make sure that Ref is underlined

Delta Pair key.

Step 4. Use the knob, or the step-up or step-down keys, to move the reference

marker to the required position on the traces.

Step 5. Pressing the

Delta Pair key again fixes the position of the reference

marker, and allows you to move the reference marker using the knob, the step-up or step-down keys, or the numeric keys.

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Figure 2-15 Delta Pair with Delta Marker Enabled

Searching for Min or Max point

Searching with Markers

Peak Search key accesses a further menu which allows you to place

The an active marker on the minimum or maximum points of a trace when

using a Normal marker. When using Delta or Delta Pair markers, you can search for the Minimum Peak to Maximum Peak on the trace. You can set these to repeat continuously, or by manually pressing the

Find

key as required.

It should be noted that the Search function operates on the active trace. The active trace is always indicated by underlining of the name of the measurement, for example, the NFIG measurement shown in Figure

2-16 on page 73. When two measurements are shown in two separate

windows on the display, that is, when

Combined is set to Off, the active

trace is also indicated by a green border surrounding the graph. This is also shown with the NFIG measurement in Figure 2-16 on page 73.

The marker on the second trace, that is, the marker on the inactive trace, is positioned at the same frequency position as the marker on the active trace.

You need to have activated a Normal marker to perform a minimum or maximum search.

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Figure 2-16 Typical Trace showing Maximum Point Found

Making Basic Measurements

Step 1. Press the

Step 2. Press the

Step 3. Press the

Searching for Peak to Peak points

To search for the maximum point:

Peak Search key.

Search Type key to select the Maximum.

Find key.

The marker is now placed at the maximum point of the active trace.

If you want to continuously find the maximum point on the trace, set

Continuous to On.

You need to have activated Delta or Delta Pair markers to perform a Peak to Peak search.

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Figure 2-17 Peak to Peak Found

Step 1. Press the

Step 2. Press the

Step 3. Press the

The markers are now on the maximum and minimum points of the trace.

If you want to continuously find the maximum and minimum points on the trace, set

The annotation displays the difference between the two points.

Peak Search key.

Search Type key to select Pk-Pk.

Find key.

Continuous to On.

Making Basic Measurements

74 Chapter 2

Indicating an Invalid Result

When an invalid result is detected while in graph display format, the graph is drawn at the top of the screen for the current measurement point and a special marker indicator is displayed. Also in table and meter formats the same special indicators are used to display an invalid

result.

Several invalid result conditions may exist simultaneously. These conditions are ranked in order of severity and only the most severe condition present is displayed.

The ranking order is:

Table 2-2 Ranking Order of Invalid Result Conditions

Making Basic Measurements

Indicating an Invalid Result

Ranking Order

1Hot power ≤ cold power “==”

2 Corrected calculation not possible “xx”

3 Measurement result calculation

Invalid Result Condition Marker

Indicator

“--”

invalid

The ranked order 2 only occurs if a corrected measurement is requested and either:

• The input range used at this measurement point is not calibrated.

• The input range is calibrated, but the calibration data is invalid at this point.

Chapter 2 75

Making Basic Measurements

Example of a Basic Amplifier Measurement

Noise figure measurements are made by measuring the output power of the DUT for two different input noise power levels. The high and low power inputs come from a calibrated noise source. The noise source is switched on and off in rapid succession. High power input to the analyzer uses the noise power generated when the noise source is switched on, and low power input uses the noise power generated at ambient temperature with the noise source switched off.

This section uses a DUT to show how a basic noise figure measurement and various basic operations are performed. The DUT used is a low

noise amplifier with a usable frequency range of 20 MHz to 3.0 GHz. The specifications of interest to the example are listed in Table 2-3.

Table 2-3 The Example DUT Specifications

Frequency Range

20 MHz to 3GHz

Typical Gain

20 dB 14 dB 4.8 dB

Minimum Gain

Typical Noise Figure

The example sets a frequency range of interest of 1.0 GHz to 2.0 GHz. The purpose of the measurement is to verify the specified table results are as stated over the frequency range of interest.

When you are making measurements, follow the procedure and change the values to meet your needs.

NOTE For these basic measurements confirm the analyzer Meas Mode is in the

default setting. This status is displayed above the graphs as follows:

DUT: Amplifier

•

• Sys Downconv: Off

Making Basic Measurements

76 Chapter 2

Making Basic Measurements

Example of a Basic Amplifier Measurement

Calibrating the Noise Figure Analyzer

The first step is to calibrate the analyzer to obtain the corrected measurement you wish to make.

Step 1. Turn the instrument on and wait for the power-up process to complete.

NOTE To obtain greater accuracy, it is recommended the analyzer warm up for

at least one hour with Alignment, Auto Align set to On.

Step 2. Press

green

Step 3. Press the

Step 4. Press the

Step 5. Press

Step 6. On the same menu, press

System, Power On/Preset, Preset Type set to Mode and press the Preset key to return the analyzer to its factory-default state.

Mode key and set the measurement mode to Noise Figure.

MEASURE key and set the measurement to Noise Figure.

Meas Setup, ENR, and set ENR Mode to Table.

Common Table and set it to On.

Step 7. Again on the same menu, press

values of the noise source.

In this example, a 346B noise source is used which has the following Frequency/ENR pairs up to 2 GHz (covering the required frequency range of 1.0 GHz to 2.0 GHz):

Table 2-4 Example Noise Source ENR/Frequency values

Frequency (GHz)

.01 15.13

.10 15.39

Meas & Cal Table... to enter the ENR

ENR (dB)

Step 8. Press the

the measurement:

Freq Mode — Sweep

•

Start Freq — 1.0 GHz

•

Stop Freq — 2.0 GHz

•

Points — 15

•

Chapter 2 77

1.0 15.21

2.0 15.02

FREQUENCY/Channel key to set the frequency parameters of

Making Basic Measurements

Example of a Basic Amplifier Measurement

Step 9. Press the Meas Setup key to set the averaging you want.

This example uses the following settings:

Averaging — On

•

Averages — 5

•

Step 10. Press the

BW/Avg key to set the resolution bandwidth you want.

This example uses the following settings:

Bandwidth — 1 MHz, Auto

•

Step 11. Press the

Input Cal key to change the minimum and maximum input attenuation,

Input/Output key, the Noise Figure Corrections key and the

if required.

This example uses the default minimum input attenuation of the default maximum input attenuation of

8 dB.

Step 12. Connect the noise source input to the Noise Source Output port on the

rear of the analyzer using the appropriate cable, and connect the noise source output to the

RF INPUT 50 Ω port as shown in Figure 2-18.

Figure 2-18 PSA Calibration Setup with Normal Noise Source

NOISE SOURCE DRIVE OUT +28 V (PULSED)

0 dB, and

Making Basic Measurements

Step 13. Press the

analyzer.

A graph similar to Figure 2-19 is now displayed.

With calibration completed and no device under test inserted, both gain and noise figure with the analyzer has removed the noise contribution from the measurement system. Since the input is noise, which is random in its nature, there is some variation above and below zero.

78 Chapter 2

NOISE SOURCE

Meas Setup key and the Calibrate key twice to calibrate the

Corrected set to On are near 0 dB. This shows that

Making Basic Measurements

Example of a Basic Amplifier Measurement

NOTE Measurement performance above 3 GHz is not specified. If you do not

have either Option 110 High Band Preamp or an external preamp, and you are calibrating above 3 GHz, the calibration data will vary significantly. Measurements made with this calibration data might be valid, but only if the device you are testing has a high enough gain and noise figure, such that the sum of these is about 35 dB or more. Otherwise, the measurement accuracy will be poor.

Figure 2-19 Typical Graph after calibration is complete

Press the

Trace/View key to select Table. A result similar to Figure 2-20

is now displayed. The expectation is approximately 0 dB of noise figure and gain. It may be better to view these results using table format mode.

Figure 2-20 Typical Tabulated Results after Calibration

Making Basic Measurements

Chapter 2 79

Making Basic Measurements

Example of a Basic Amplifier Measurement

Making Measurements

To make noise figure measurements once calibration is complete:

Step 1. Disconnect the noise source from the 50Ω input of the analyzer

Step 2. Connect the DUT to the 50Ω input of the analyzer.

Step 3. Connect the noise source output to the DUT input as shown in Figure

2-21.

Figure 2-21 Connecting the DUT to make a measurement on a PSA

NOISE SOURCE DRIVE OUT +28 V (PULSED)

DUT

NORMAL NOISE SOURCE

After the DUT and noise source are connected, the measurement result appears on the analyzer’s display. If it does not, press want to get a continuous update, ensure located under the

Sweep key menu. This is the default setting.

Sweep is set to Cont. This is

Restart. If you

A result similar to Figure 2-22 is now displayed.

Making Basic Measurements

80 Chapter 2

Example of a Basic Amplifier Measurement

Figure 2-22 Typical Tabulated Results after Measurement

Making Basic Measurements

Step 4. Press the

Trace/View key and select Graph. A graphical result similar to

Figure 2-23 is now displayed.

Figure 2-23 Typical Graphical Results after Measurement

The results shown in Figure 2-22 and Figure 2-23 show the DUT has an average noise figure of 4.8 dB, an average gain of 23 dB and a minimum gain of 14.4389 dB. The device under test therefore meets its manufacturer’s specification over the frequency range of interest.

Making Basic Measurements

Chapter 2 81

Making Basic Measurements

Further Information on Noise Figure Measurements

Agilent Technologies produces three application notes about noise figures and their measurement. These are:

• Application Note 57-1

Fundamentals of RF and Microwave Noise Figure Measurements

• Application Note 57-2

Noise Figure Measurement Accuracy - the Y-Factor Method

• Application Note 57-3

10 Hints for Making Successful Noise Figure Measurements

All three application notes are available from the Agilent website at

http://www.agilent.com/find/psa

Making Basic Measurements

82 Chapter 2

Advanced Features

3 Advanced Features

This chapter describes how to use the Limit Lines and Loss Compensation features on your Noise Figure Analyzer.

Advanced Features

What You will Find in this Chapter

Advanced Features

This chapter covers:

“Setting up Limit Lines” on page 85 and using them for pass/fail

testing of the measurements.

“Using Loss Compensation” on page 90 and using this to correct for

system losses in cabling, switches, or connectors and system components.

“Noise Figure Uncertainty Calculator” on page 100 and how to use

it.

84 Chapter 3

Advanced Features

Setting up Limit Lines

Limit lines can be set to mark lower or upper boundaries of the active traces and they can also be set to notify you of a failure when a trace passes over a limit line. Two limit lines can be applied to a single trace, for example, allowing an upper and lower boundary limit to be specified.

The Noise Figure application (Option 219) features four independent Limit Lines. The upper graph, and the lower graph.

Limit Line (1›) and Limit Line (2›) are applied to the

Limit Line (3?) and Limit Line (4?) are associated with

Advanced Features

To change the Limit Line

Setting the Type of Limit Line

Enabling Testing against a Limit Line

The default limit line setting is indicator, press the

Limit Line (1›) to Limit Line (2›), press it again and it moves the active

indicator from until it returns to the

Limit Line key. This moves the active indicator from

Limit Line (2›) to Limit Line (3?). This process is repeated

Limit Line (1›).

Limit Line (1›). To change the active

You can set the Limit Line to be an upper limit or lower limit and test the trace against this limit line setting.

To set the limit line type, select your Limit Line, then press display the Limit Line form, and set above the trace or

Lower if you want it to be below the trace. Each of the

Type to Upper if you want it to be

Edit to

four limit lines needs to be set up separately.

You can set the Limit Line to test against the trace. If a result fails testing it is reported in the upper right hand corner of the display. In table mode you also see the reported result failure.

To set the testing of the trace against the limit line, set want the result reported or set

Test to Off if you do not want the result

Test to On if you

reported. Each of the four limit lines needs to be set up separately.

Chapter 3 85

Advanced Features

Setting up Limit Lines

NOTE After a failure the LIMITS FAIL: indicator remains displayed until:

• a complete sweep has been performed with the Limit Line test passing at every point

•you switch

Test to Off

• you change the limit line type

• you press Restart

To Display a Limit Line

You can choose to display a Limit Line.

To display the limit line on the graph, set the limit line on the graph, set

Display to Off. Each of the four limit lines

Display to On. To not display

needs to be set up separately.

To Switch all the Limit Lines Off

To switch all the Limit Lines off, press simultaneously switches off all Limit Lines, regardless of what graph or trace they are associated with. Both

Disable All Limits. This

Test and Display settings remain

unaffected.

NOTE When a limit line is switched off the limit line data is not affected.

86 Chapter 3

Advanced Features

Setting up Limit Lines

Creating a Limit Line

To set up limit lines, you need to specify the frequencies, the Y-axis value and whether or not it is to be connected to the previous limit line point. The limit line consists of a table of entries, each of which is a frequency-limit-connected group.

The

Limit or Y-axis value is a dimensionless unit, hence you need to

know what Y-axis scale you are working in before you set this.

NOTE When you change the result parameter, the Limit or Y-axis values are

not converted. This is due to the value being dimensionless.

To create a limit line:

Advanced Features

Step 1. Press the

Display key, then the Limit Lines key and select the limit line

you want to create.

Step 2. Press the

Edit... key.

You are presented with a Limit Line table with two entries. These two entries are at frequencies of 10 Hz and 26.5 GHz, that is, at the minimum and maximum extremities of the Noise Figure Measurement personality’s frequency range.

Figure 3-1 Limit Line Table before Limit Lines Values are Added

Step 3. Set the

State to On to display the limit line.

Step 4. Tab down to the

Upper, any limit line test is deemed to have failed if the trace goes above

the line. If you set failed if the trace falls below this limit line.

Chapter 3 87

Type field, and set your line type. When you set Type to

Type to Lower, any limit line test is deemed to have

Advanced Features

Setting up Limit Lines

Step 5. Tab down to the Display field, and set Display to On to display your limit

line

Advanced Features

Step 6. Tab down to the

limit line. Set

Test field. Set Test to On to test the trace against the

Test to Off to omit the test.

Step 7. Tab down to the first Frequency value (or to the first empty frequency

field if you wish to keep the existing frequency values) and enter the frequency using the numeric front panel keys. Finish by pressing the unit of measurement terminator key.

Step 8. Enter the

Limit or Y-axis unit value corresponding the frequency you

just entered. Again, finish by pressing the unit of measure terminator key.

A limit line unit value to be useful is derived from the scale values you are using to display the trace.

Step 9. Set

Connected to Yes or No. When Connected is set to Yes it connects

that point to the previous point to form a continuous line. To disconnect a point, set Connected to

No, this disconnects it from the previous point.

Figure 3-2 shows the connections and Figure 3-3 shows the graphical

result with limit line

NOTE When the Limit Line Test is set to On, and a trace crosses over the limit

Display set to On.

line, the test is only performed between connected points. Also, if you are making a fixed frequency measurement, you only need to specify that frequency value. The limit line will be tested on that single point.

Step 10. Repeat this process until the limit line is defined. Limit line tables can

have a maximum of 101 entries.

The limit line is now defined. Press the

Return key to return to the limit

line menu. When saving a limit line table you need to specify the limit line number to which the table applies.

NOTE You can load a previously saved Limit Line table. However, you need to

specify which limit line number you want loaded. See the PSA Series Spectrum Analyzers User’s and Programmer’s Reference Volume 1 for

more details on loading a file.

88 Chapter 3

Figure 3-2 Typical Limit Line Connections in Table

Advanced Features

Setting up Limit Lines

Advanced Features

Figure 3-3 Limit Line Connections Displayed

Limit Line Not Connected to Previous point

Connected Limit Line

Trace

Chapter 3 89

Advanced Features

Using Loss Compensation

Advanced Features

You can configure the Noise Figure application (Option 219) to compensate for losses due to cabling and connectors, and those due to temperature effects that occur in the measurement setup. These can be between the Noise Source and the DUT ( DUT and the analyzer input (

After DUT), or both. Loss compensation can

Before DUT), or between the

be set either by specifying a single, fixed loss value which gets applied at all frequencies, or using various loss values, specified in a table, applied across the frequency span. In the table mode, linearly interpolated values are used between each table entry.

Any device that causes loss will also generate excess noise, and this excess noise is proportional to the absolute temperature of the device causing the loss. You can compensate for this extra noise by specifying the temperature of the device causing the loss. This temperature dependent compensation is applied at all frequencies.

Examples where Loss Compensation is applied

This is important in cases such as:

1. Amplifiers with waveguide input, where a lossy waveguide-to-coax adapter is needed.

2. Transistors, where input and output tuners are required.

3. Non-50Ω converters (such as TV tuners and amplifiers) where matching pads or transformers are required.

4. Compensation for fixed attenuators used to improve SWR.

5. Double sideband measurement modification (of receivers and mixers) to approximate single sideband results.

Configuring Fixed Loss Compensation

To configure fixed loss compensation follow the example below:

Step 1. Press the

Step 2. Press the

Step 3. Press the

Figure 3-4

Input/Output key.

Loss Comp key.

Setup... key to access the Loss Compensation Setup form, see

90 Chapter 3

Figure 3-4 Typical Limit Line Connections in Table

Advanced Features

Using Loss Compensation

Advanced Features

Step 4. When configuring loss compensation before the DUT, use the

navigate to the

Compensation Before DUT

Loss Compensation Before DUT field and set Loss

to Fixed by selecting the Fixed key to highlight

Tab key to

it.

NOTE A fixed loss compensation value cannot be entered or changed if the

Before DUT field or the After DUT field is not set to Fixed. It is selected by

highlighting the Fixed key.

Step 5. To set the loss compensation value before the DUT, use the

navigate to the

Fixed Value field and input the required value for the

Tab key to

loss occurring before the DUT, see Figure 3-5.

Enter a value using the numerical keypad and terminate it using the unit keys presented to you which are either

Linear or dB.

The lower limit is –100.000 dB, the upper limit is 100.000 dB, and the default is 0.000 dB.

Step 6. Use the

Tab key to navigate to the Temperature field, and use the

numeric keys or the knob to enter the temperature of the device where the loss is occurring. This will normally be room temperature, which is

296.5 K.

NOTE It is important that you enter the correct temperature. Leaving the

Temperatur e set to the default value of 0.00K will result in incorrect

noise figure measurements.

Step 7. When configuring loss compensation after the DUT, use the

navigate to the

Compensation After DUT

Chapter 3 91

Loss Compensation After DUT field and set Loss

to Fixed by selecting the Fixed key to highlight

Tab key to

Advanced Features

Using Loss Compensation

it, see Figure 3-5.

Advanced Features

Step 8. To set the loss compensation value after the DUT, use the

navigate to the

Fixed Value field and input the required value for the

Tab key to

loss occurring after the DUT.

Enter a value using the numerical keypad and terminate it using the unit keys presented to you which are either

Linear or dB.

The lower limit is –100.000 dB, the upper limit is 100.000 dB and the default is 0.000 dB.

Step 9. Use the

Tab key to navigate to the Temperature field, and use the

numeric keys or the knob to enter the temperature of the device where the loss is occurring. This will normally be room temperature, which is

296.5 K.

NOTE It is important that you enter the correct temperature. Leaving the

Temperatur e set to the default value of 0.00K will result in incorrect

noise figure measurements.

Figure 3-5 Loss Compensation Setup Form with Fixed Selected

92 Chapter 3

Using Loss Compensation

Configuring Table Loss Compensation

To configure table loss compensation proceed as follows.

Advanced Features

Step 1. Press the

Step 2. Press the

Step 3. Press the

Input/Output key.

Loss Comp key

Setup... key to access the Loss Compensation Setup form, see

Figure 3-6.

Figure 3-6 Loss Compensation Setup Form

Step 4. When configuring table loss compensation before the DUT, use the

key to navigate to the

Table key to highlight it, see Figure 3-7.

Loss Compensation Before DUT field and select the

The table loss compensation used is as specified in the Loss Compensation Before DUT Table. See “Creating a Loss Compensation

Table” on page 95.

Step 5. Use the Tab key to navigate to the Temperature field, and enter the

temperature of the devices which are causing the loss. Room temperature requires a value of 296.5 K.

NOTE It is important that you enter the correct temperature. Leaving the

Temperatur e set to the default value of 0.00K will result in incorrect

noise figure measurements.

Step 6. When configuring table loss compensation after the DUT, use the

key to navigate to the

Table key to highlight it, see Figure 3-7.

Chapter 3 93

Loss Compensation After DUT field and select the

Tab

Advanced Features

Using Loss Compensation

The table loss compensation used is as specified in the Loss Compensation After DUT Table. See “Creating a Loss Compensation

Table” on page 95.

Advanced Features

Figure 3-7 Loss Compensation Setup Form with Table Selected

NOTE You can load a previously saved Loss Compensation table. However, you

need to specify whether the Loss Compensation table is an a

Before Table. See the PSA Series Spectrum Analyzers User’s and

After Table or

Programmer’s Reference Volume 1 for more details on loading a file.

94 Chapter 3

Advanced Features

Using Loss Compensation

Creating a Loss Compensation Table

Loss Compensation tables can have a maximum of 401 entries. To create a loss compensation table proceed as follows.

NOTE The example shows how to enter a Before DUT Table. If you want to

enter an After DUT Table follow the procedure, changing the

DUT Table... key presses to After DUT Table... key presses.

NOTE If you want to enter new loss compensation data and there is previous

Before

loss compensation data in the Noise Figure application (Option 219), you can delete the previous data by pressing the

Delete All key. An

empty table is shown in Figure 3-8.

NOTE The Loss Compensation table frequency limits in the Before DUT Table...

are specified in terms of the DUT’s input frequencies and the

After DUT Table... are specified in terms of the DUT’s output frequencies.

This is important when making frequency converting DUT measurements or using a system downconverter.

Advanced Features

Step 1. Press the

Step 2. Press the

Loss Compensation Before DUT Table appears on the display with the

A first loss frequency point in the table highlighted, see Figure 3-8. The table editing and navigation menu items now appear. For details on working with tables, see the PSA Series Spectrum Analyzers User’s and Programmer’s Reference Volume 1.

Input/Output key.

Loss Comp key, and the Before DUT Table... key.

Chapter 3 95

Advanced Features

Using Loss Compensation

Figure 3-8 An Empty Loss Compensation Table

Step 3. To enter or amend the first row of compensation data, press the

Tab key

to move to the Frequency column. To amend a different row in an existing table, enter the required row number using the numeric keys, and then press the the required row. Now

Index key. This will highlight the index number of

Tab to the Frequency column.

Step 4. Enter the Loss Frequency value in the table using the numeric keys.

Terminate it using the unit menu keys.

Step 5. Press the

Tab key to move the highlight to the Loss Value column and

enter the corresponding Loss Value.

When terminating the Loss Value you can use either

dB or linear keys.

However, the result always appears in the table in dB.

Step 6. Press the

Tab key to move the highlight to the Loss Frequency column

and enter the next Loss Frequency Value.

Step 7. Repeat steps 4 to 6 until all the Loss Frequency and Loss Values you

need are entered.

Step 8. After completing the Loss Compensation table entries, press the

key or

ESC key to return to the Loss Compensation menu.

Return

Step 9. Once you have completed entering the Loss Compensation data, save

the Loss Compensation table using the

File key.

See the PSA Series Spectrum Analyzers User’s and Programmer’s Reference Volume1 for more details on loading and saving a file.

96 Chapter 3

Advanced Features

Using Loss Compensation

NOTE You can insert the Loss Frequency/Loss Values in the Loss

Compensation Table entry in any order, as the Noise Figure application (Option 219) automatically sorts the table list into ascending frequency order.

NOTE If you do not save the Loss Compensation table, you may lose the data.

The data can be saved either by saving the instrument state (

Type, State) or by saving the table itself (File, Save, Type, Loss Comp Before DUT).

NOTE The Loss Compensation Table data is stored in CSV (Comma Separated

File, Save,

Value) format. It is sometimes more convenient to use a text editor on a PC to edit or enter this data rather than to enter the data manually using the analyzer. Start by saving a table with at least one loss compensation value to diskette, and then edit or add to the saved file using your PC.

Advanced Features

Chapter 3 97

Advanced Features

Using Loss Compensation

Setting Temperature of Loss

Any device (cables, connectors and so forth) that causes a loss will also generate excess noise. The amount of excess noise so generated is proportional to the absolute temperature of the device causing the loss. You must compensate for this excess noise in the measurement, and this is done by specifying the temperature of the device. To set the temperature of the device causing the loss, proceed as follows:

NOTE The temperature you specify here is used both for Fixed loss

compensation, and for all frequencies specified in a loss compensation

Table .

Step 1. Press the

Step 2. Press the

Step 3. Press the

Input/Output key.

Loss Comp key

Setup... key to access the Loss Compensation Setup form, see

Figure 3-9.

Step 4. To set the temperature value before the DUT, use the

navigate to the

Tem perature field and input the required temperature of

loss value occurring before the DUT.

Enter a value using the numeric keypad and terminate it using the unit keys presented to you, either in degrees using the

C or F keys are converted to K.

K, C or F. Entries terminated

The lower limit is 0.0 K, the upper limit is 29,650,000.0 K. The default is 0.0 K.

Step 5. To set the temperature value after the DUT, use the

to the

Tem perature field and input the required temperature of loss

Tab key to navigate

value occurring after the DUT.

Enter a value using the numerical keypad and terminate it using the unit keys presented to you, either in degrees terminated using the

C or F keys are converted to K.

K, C or F. Entries

Tab key to

The lower limit is 0.0 K, the upper limit is 29,650,000.0 K. The default is 0.0 K. Room temperature is usually given as 296.5 K.

98 Chapter 3

Advanced Features

Using Loss Compensation

Figure 3-9 Loss Compensation Setup Form with Temperature Selected

Advanced Features

Chapter 3 99

Advanced Features

Noise Figure Uncertainty Calculator

Advanced Features

The measurement uncertainty calculator can be used to calculate the RSS (root sum square) measurement uncertainty. Measurement uncertainty is caused by device mismatch and other properties of the noise source, the device under test, and the spectrum analyzer. Once you measure or identify the various device characteristics, they can be entered into the analyzer and it will calculate the RSS uncertainty.

This makes a frequency-independent calculation using one ENR uncertainty value. While it provides a good estimation of the measurement uncertainty, you may want more accuracy. You may want to use more accurate values for ENR, gain and VSWR, or calculate values at a specific frequency of interest or at multiple frequencies. Refer to Application Note 57-2, Agilent part number 5952-3706E, for more information about calculating noise figure uncertainties. This document can be found at:

http://www.agilent.com/find/nfa

Figure 3-10 Noise Figure Uncertainty Calculator Screen

Noise Source For the highest accuracy, and therefore the most

meaningful results, you should select ‘User Defined’ as the Noise Source whenever the actual value of the noise source calibration data is available. This allows you to enter the uncertainty of the Excess Noise Ratio (ENR) and the 50 Ω match (in dB, VSWR, or Reflection

100 Chapter 3

Agilent E4445A Noise Figure Measurement Personality Guide

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Noise Figure Measurement Personality Guide

Table of Contents

List of Commands

1 Getting Started

What You will Find in this Chapter

Introduction

Installing Optional Measurement Personalities

Do You Have Enough Memory to Load All Your Personality Options?

How to Predict Your Memory Requirements

Loading an Optional Measurement Personality

Obtaining and Installing a License Key

Viewing a License Key

Using the Delete License Key on PSA

Ordering Optional Measurement Personalities

Starting the Noise Figure Personality

Saving the Instrument State

Keeping Your Measurement Data and Instrument Setups Secure

2 Making Basic Measurements

What You will Find in this Chapter

Entering Excess Noise Ratio (ENR) Data

Selecting a Common ENR Table

Entering ENR Table Data for Noise Sources

Saving an ENR Table

Setting the Measurement Frequencies

Using Sweep Frequency Mode

Using List Frequency Mode

Using Fixed Frequency Mode

Setting the Bandwidth and Averaging

Effect of Bandwidth and Averaging on Speed, Jitter, and Measurement Accuracy

Selecting the Resolution Bandwidth Value

Setting Averaging

Calibrating the Analyzer

To perform a calibration

Selecting the Input Attenuation Range

Displaying the Measurement Results

Selecting the Display Format

Selecting Result Types to Display

Graphical Features

Setting the Scaling

Working with Markers

Indicating an Invalid Result

Example of a Basic Amplifier Measurement

Calibrating the Noise Figure Analyzer

Making Measurements

Further Information on Noise Figure Measurements

3 Advanced Features

What You will Find in this Chapter

Setting up Limit Lines

Creating a Limit Line

Using Loss Compensation

Examples where Loss Compensation is applied

Configuring Fixed Loss Compensation

Configuring Table Loss Compensation

Setting Temperature of Loss

Noise Figure Uncertainty Calculator