Flexible Digital Modulation Analysis
Guide
PSA Series Spectrum Analyzers
Option 241
This manual provides documentation for the following instruments:
Spectrum Analyzers:
E4440A (3 Hz – 26.50 GHz)
E4443A (3 Hz – 6.70 GHz)
E4445A (3 Hz – 13.20 GHz)
E4446A (3 Hz – 44.00 GHz)
E4447A (3 Hz – 42.98 GHz)
E4448A (3 Hz – 50.00 GHz)
Manufacturing Part Number: E4440-90620
Supersedes E4440-90351
Printed in USA
June 2008
© Copyright 1999 - 2008 Agilent Technologies, Inc.
Notice
Agilent Technologies makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this
material, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of
merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Agilent
Technologies shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for
incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing,
performance, or use of this material.
The information contained in this document is subject to change
without notice.
Additional Information
For the latest information about this analyzer, including firmware
upgrades, application information, and product information, see the
following URL:
http://www.agilent.com/find/psa/
2
Contents
1. Introduction
What Does the Agilent PSA Option 241 Do? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Installing Optional Measurement Personalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Do You Have Enough Memory to Load All Your Personality Options? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
How to Predict Your Memory Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Loading an Optional Measurement Personality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Obtaining and Installing a License Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Viewing a License Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Using the Delete License Key on PSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Ordering Optional Measurement Personalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2. Making Measurements
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Setting Up the Test Equipment and DUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Making the Initial Signal Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Configuring a MS Measurement System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Configuring a BTS Measurement System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Using Instrument Presets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Determining the RF Parameters of Your Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Using the Spectrum Measurement to View the RF Parameters of the Signal Under Test 31
Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Using the Waveform Measurement to Set Up Triggering (for burst signals) . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Waveform (Time Domain) Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Modulation Analysis Measurements in 8 Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Modulation Analysis Measurement Final Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Modifying Measurement Setup Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Using the Measurement Setup Form. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Setting Demodulation Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Setting up a Trigger Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Setting Burst/Sync Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Using Adaptive Equalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Setting Advanced Measurement Setup Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Measuring Digital Modulation Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Setting up the Modulation Analysis Personality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Viewing the I/Q Polar Vector and Constellation Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Viewing the Numeric Measurement Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Viewing the I/Q Error (Quad-View) Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Viewing the Magnitude Error Versus Time Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Viewing the Phase Error Versus Time Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Viewing the EVM Versus Time Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Viewing the Eye Diagram Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Viewing the FSK Error (Quad-View) Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Viewing the FSK Error Versus Time Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Viewing the FSK Error Spectrum Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Viewing the FSK Measured Time Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
PSK Modulation Analysis (cdma2000 QPSK Example) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
QAM Modulation Analysis (64QAM Example) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
EDGE Modulation Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
FSK Modulation Analysis (Bluetooth 2FSK Example). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Table of Contents
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Contents
Table of Contents
3. Front-Panel Key and SCPI Command Reference
MSK Modulation Analysis (GSM MSK type 1 Example). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
Analyzing and Troubleshooting Digital Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95
EVM Troubleshooting Procedure Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95
Measurement 1 - Obtaining EVM Results with Phase Error and Magnitude Error . . . . . .96
Measurement 2 - Phase Error vs. Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97
Measurement 3 - Magnitude Error vs. Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98
Measurement 4 - I/Q Constellation Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99
Measurement 5 - Error Vector Magnitude vs. Time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101
Interpreting Measurement Results (Impairments) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102
SCPI Programming a Modulation Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Interpreting Error Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119
Instrument Front Panel Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122
Selected PSA Front-Panel Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123
Front-Panel Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124
Det/Demod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124
FREQUENCY Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124
Input/Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126
Meas Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129
MEASURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130
Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130
Instrument Selection by Name (Remote command only). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131
Instrument Selection by Number (Remote command only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131
Mode Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131
Trig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133
Modulation Analysis Measurement Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141
AMPLITUDE Y Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141
Y Scale / Div . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142
Y Ref Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143
Y Ref Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143
Y Scale Coupling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144
Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144
Markers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148
Meas Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150
SPAN X Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176
Trace/View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179
SCPI only operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180
Trig Error Offset. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180
SCPI Result Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180
Averaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187
4. Concepts
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190
Introduction to Digital Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191
Why Choose Digital Instead of Analog Modulation? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191
What is Digital Modulation? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191
PSK examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194
4
Contents
Orthogonality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
QAM example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Symbol Rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Effects Of Going Through The Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Transmitting the Digital Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
I/Q Modulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
System Multiplexing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Digital Modulation Format Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Modulation Formats and Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Families of Format and data sheets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Phase Shift Keying (PSK) Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Minimum Shift Keying (MSK) Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Modulation Bit State Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Communication System Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
PSA option 241 Communications Format Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
What is the cdmaOne (IS-95) Communication System? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
cdmaOne Communication System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
What is the W-CDMA Communications System? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
W-CDMA Communication System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
What Is the cdma2000 Communication System? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
cdma2000 Communication System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
What is the NADC Communications System? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
NADC Communication System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
What is the PDC Communications System? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
PDC Communication System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
What is the PHS Communication System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
PHS Communication System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
What is the TETRA Communications System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
TETRA Communication System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
What is Bluetooth? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Bluetooth Communication System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
What are GSM and EDGE? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
EDGE Communication System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
What is APCO25 phase 1? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
APCO25 phase1 Communication System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
What is VDL Mode 3? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
What is ZigBee (IEEE 802.15.4)? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Measurements on Digital RF Communications Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Digital Modulation Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Measurement Domains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
PSA Digital Demodulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Modulation quality measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
Table of Contents
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Contents
Table of Contents
5. Menu Maps
Digital Modulation Errors and Signal Impairments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .292
Impairments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295
Digital Modulation Displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .300
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308
Other Sources of Digital Modulation Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308
Flexible Digital Modulation Analysis Key Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .310
Directions for Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
6
List of Commands
:CALCulate:<measurement>:MARKer[1]|2|3|4:TRACe EVM
|MERRor|PERRor|EIRReal|EIRImag|ECRMagnitude|ECRPhase
|EVSPectrum|AEVSpectrum|FERRor|FESPectrum|AFESpectrum
|FMEAsured|DBITs|RFSPectrum|ARFSpectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
:CALCulate:<measurement>:MARKer[1]|2|3|4:TRACe? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
:CALCulate:EVM:LIMit:FERRor <frequency> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
:CALCulate:EVM:LIMit:FERRor:STATe ON|OFF|1|0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
:CALCulate:EVM:LIMit:FERRor:STATe? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
:CALCulate:EVM:LIMit:FERRor? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
:CALCulate:EVM:LIMit:RMS <real> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
:CALCulate:EVM:LIMit:RMS:STATe ON|OFF|1|0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
:CALCulate:EVM:LIMit:RMS:STATe?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
:CALCulate:EVM:LIMit:RMS? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
:CALCulate:EVM:MARKer[1]|2|3|4:FUNCtion BPOWer|NOISe|OFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
:CALCulate:EVM:MARKer[1]|2|3|4:FUNCtion? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
:CALCulate:EVM:MARKer[1]|2|3|4[:STATe] OFF|ON|0|1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
:CONFigure:EVM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
:DISPlay:EVM:FVECtor[:STATe] OFF|ON|0|1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
:DISPlay:EVM:FVECtor[:STATe]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
:DISPlay:EVM:IQPoints <integer> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
:DISPlay:EVM:IQPoints:OFFSet <integer> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
:DISPlay:EVM:IQPoints:OFFSet? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
:DISPlay:EVM:IQPoints? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
List of Commands
:DISPlay:EVM:IQPType VCONstln|VECTor|CONStln . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
:DISPlay:EVM:IQPType? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
:DISPlay:EVM:IQRotation <degree> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
:DISPlay:EVM:IQRotation:STATe ON|OFF|1|0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
:DISPlay:EVM:IQRotation:STATe? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
:DISPlay:EVM:IQRotation? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
:DISPlay:EVM:PPSYmbol ONE|TWO|FOUR|FIVE|TEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
:DISPlay:EVM:PPSYmbol? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
:DISPlay:EVM:VIEW POLar|IQERror|EYE|FSKError|NRESults
7
List of Commands
List of Commands
|DBITs|EVSPectum|EQUalizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179
:DISPlay:EVM:VIEW? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179
:DISPlay:EVM[1]|2|3|4|5|6|7|8:WINDow[1]|2|3|4:TRACe:
X[:SCALe]:COUPle OFF|ON|0|1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178
:DISPlay:EVM[1]|2|3|4|5|6|7|8:WINDow[1]|2|3|4:TRACe:X[:SCALe]:COUPle? . . . . . . . . . .178
:DISPlay:EVM[1]|2|3|4|5|6|7|8:WINDow[1]|2|3|4:
TRACe:X[:SCALe]:PDIVision <real> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177
:DISPlay:EVM[1]|2|3|4|5|6|7|8:WINDow[1]|2|3|4:TRACe:X[:SCALe]:PDIVision? . . . . . . . .177
:DISPlay:EVM[1]|2|3|4|5|6|7|8:WINDow[1]|2|3|4:TRACe:X[:SCALe]:RLEVel <real> . . . . .177
:DISPlay:EVM[1]|2|3|4|5|6|7|8:WINDow[1]|2|3|4:TRACe:X[:SCALe]:RLEVel? . . . . . . . . . .177
:DISPlay:EVM[1]|2|3|4|5|6|7|8:WINDow[1]|2|3|4:
TRACe:X[:SCALe]:RPOSition LEFT|CENTer|RIGHt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178
:DISPlay:EVM[1]|2|3|4|5|6|7|8:WINDow[1]|2|3|4:TRACe:X[:SCALe]:RPOSition? . . . . . . . .178
:DISPlay:EVM[1]|2|3|4|5|6|7|8:WINDow[1]|2|3|4:TRACe:
Y[:SCALe]:COUPle 0|1|OFF|ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144
:DISPlay:EVM[1]|2|3|4|5|6|7|8:WINDow[1]|2|3|4:TRACe:Y[:SCALe]:COUPle? . . . . . . . . . .144
:DISPlay:EVM[1]|2|3|4|5|6|7|8:WINDow[1]|2|3|4:TRACe:Y[:SCALe]:PDIVision <real> . . .142
:DISPlay:EVM[1]|2|3|4|5|6|7|8:WINDow[1]|2|3|4:TRACe:Y[:SCALe]:PDIVision? . . . . . . . .142
:DISPlay:EVM[1]|2|3|4|5|6|7|8:WINDow[1]|2|3|4:TRACe:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel <real> . . . . .143
:DISPlay:EVM[1]|2|3|4|5|6|7|8:WINDow[1]|2|3|4:TRACe:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel? . . . . . . . . . .143
:DISPlay:EVM[1]|2|3|4|5|6|7|8:WINDow[1]|2|3|4:TRACe:
Y[:SCALe]:RPOSition TOP|CENTer|BOTTom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143
:DISPlay:EVM[1]|2|3|4|5|6|7|8:WINDow[1]|2|3|4:TRACe:Y[:SCALe]:
RPOSition? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143
:FETCh:EVM[n]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180
:INITiate:CONTinuous OFF|ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129
:INITiate:EVM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180
:INITiate:PAUSe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130
:INITiate:RESTart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129
:INITiate:RESume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130
:INSTrument:NSELect 241 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131
:INSTrument:NSELect?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131
:INSTrument[:SELect] SA|BASIC|DMODULATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131
8
List of Commands
:INSTrument[:SELect]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
:MEASure:EVM[n]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
:READ:EVM[n]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
:TRIGger[:SEQuence]:AUTO:STATe ON|OFF|1|0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
:TRIGger[:SEQuence]:AUTO:STATe? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
:TRIGger[:SEQuence]:AUTO[:TIME] <time> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
:TRIGger[:SEQuence]:AUTO[:TIME]?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
:TRIGger[:SEQuence]:EXTernal[1]|2:DELay <time> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
:TRIGger[:SEQuence]:EXTernal[1]|2:DELay? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
:TRIGger[:SEQuence]:EXTernal[1]|2:LEVel <voltage> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
List of Commands
:TRIGger[:SEQuence]:EXTernal[1]|2:LEVel?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
:TRIGger[:SEQuence]:EXTernal[1]|2:SLOPe NEGative|POSitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
:TRIGger[:SEQuence]:EXTernal[1]|2:SLOPe? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
:TRIGger[:SEQuence]:FRAMe:PERiod <time> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
:TRIGger[:SEQuence]:FRAMe:PERiod? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
:TRIGger[:SEQuence]:FRAMe:SYNCmode OFF|EXTFront|EXTRear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
:TRIGger[:SEQuence]:FRAMe:SYNCmode:OFFSet <time> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
:TRIGger[:SEQuence]:FRAMe:SYNCmode:OFFSet? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
:TRIGger[:SEQuence]:FRAMe:SYNCmode? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
:TRIGger[:SEQuence]:HOLDoff <time> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
:TRIGger[:SEQuence]:HOLDoff? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
:TRIGger[:SEQuence]:IF:DELay <time>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
:TRIGger[:SEQuence]:IF:DELay? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
:TRIGger[:SEQuence]:IF:LEVel <ampl> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
:TRIGger[:SEQuence]:IF:LEVel? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
:TRIGger[:SEQuence]:IF:SLOPe NEGative|POSitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
:TRIGger[:SEQuence]:IF:SLOPe? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
:TRIGger[:SEQuence]:RFBurst:DELay <time> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
:TRIGger[:SEQuence]:RFBurst:DELay? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
:TRIGger[:SEQuence]:RFBurst:LEVel <rel_power>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
:TRIGger[:SEQuence]:RFBurst:LEVel?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
9
List of Commands
:TRIGger[:SEQuence]:RFBurst:SLOPe NEGative|POSitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135
:TRIGger[:SEQuence]:RFBurst:SLOPe?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135
[:SENSe]:CORRection:BTS:[:RF]:LOSS <real> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128
[:SENSe]:CORRection:BTS:[:RF]:LOSS? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128
[:SENSe]:CORRection:MS:[:RF]:LOSS <real> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128
[:SENSe]:CORRection:MS:[:RF]:LOSS? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128
[:SENSe]:EVM:ADC:RANGe AUTO|NONE|Autopeaklock|ENVL|0dB|6dB|12dB|18dB. . . . .170
[:SENSe]:EVM:ADC:RANGe? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170
[:SENSe]:EVM:ADRoop:COMPensation ON|OFF|0|1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174
[:SENSe]:EVM:ADRoop:COMPensation? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174
List of Commands
[:SENSe]:EVM:AVERage:COUNt <integer> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151
[:SENSe]:EVM:AVERage:COUNt? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151
[:SENSe]:EVM:AVERage:TCONtrol EXPonential|REPeat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152
[:SENSe]:EVM:AVERage:TCONtrol? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152
[:SENSe]:EVM:AVERage:TRACe[:TYPE] RMS|MAXimum|MINimum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153
[:SENSe]:EVM:AVERage:TRACe[:TYPE]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153
[:SENSe]:EVM:AVERage[:STATe] OFF|ON|0|1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151
[:SENSe]:EVM:AVERage[:STATe]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151
[:SENSe]:EVM:CADJust <real> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168
[:SENSe]:EVM:CADJust? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168
[:SENSe]:EVM:CLOCk NORMal|WIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165
[:SENSe]:EVM:CLOCk:WIDE:AUTO ON|OFF|0|1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173
[:SENSe]:EVM:CLOCk:WIDE:AUTO? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173
[:SENSe]:EVM:CLOCk:WIDE:MRANge <freq>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174
[:SENSe]:EVM:CLOCk:WIDE:MRANge? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174
[:SENSe]:EVM:CLOCk?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165
[:SENSe]:EVM:CMODe RMS| MAXimum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169
[:SENSe]:EVM:CMODe? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169
[:SENSe]:EVM:EQUalization:CONVergence <real> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164
[:SENSe]:EVM:EQUalization:CONVergence? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164
[:SENSe]:EVM:EQUalization:FLENgth <integer> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163
10
List of Commands
[:SENSe]:EVM:EQUalization:FLENgth? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
[:SENSe]:EVM:EQUalization:HOLD[:STATe] OFF|ON|0|1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
[:SENSe]:EVM:EQUalization:HOLD[:STATe]?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
[:SENSe]:EVM:EQUalization:RESet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
[:SENSe]:EVM:EQUalization[:STATe] OFF|ON|0|1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
[:SENSe]:EVM:EQUalization[:STATe]?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
[:SENSe]:EVM:FFT:WINDow[:TYPE] UNIForm|FTOP|HANNing|GAUSsian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
[:SENSe]:EVM:FFT:WINDow[:TYPE]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
[:SENSe]:EVM:IFBWidth <frequency> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
[:SENSe]:EVM:IFBWidth:AUTO OFF|ON|0|1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
List of Commands
[:SENSe]:EVM:IFBWidth:AUTO? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
[:SENSe]:EVM:IFBWidth? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
[:SENSe]:EVM:IFPath NARROW|WIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
[:SENSe]:EVM:IFPath? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
[:SENSe]:EVM:IUPDate ON|OFF|0|1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
[:SENSe]:EVM:IUPDate? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
[:SENSe]:EVM:NORMalize:FSK ON|OFF|0|1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
[:SENSe]:EVM:NORMalize:FSK? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
[:SENSe]:EVM:NORMalize:IQ MMDPoint|MRMS|MRDPoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
[:SENSe]:EVM:NORMalize:IQ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
[:SENSe]:EVM:SPECtrum NORMal|INVert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
[:SENSe]:EVM:SPECtrum? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
[:SENSe]:EVM:SWEep:POINts <integer> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
[:SENSe]:EVM:SWEep:POINts? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
[:SENSe]:EVM:SYNC:SLENgth <seconds> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
[:SENSe]:EVM:SYNC:SLENgth? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
[:SENSe]:EVM:SYNC:SOURce NONE|RFAMplitude|SWORd|SWBurst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
[:SENSe]:EVM:SYNC:SOURce?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
[:SENSe]:EVM:SYNC:STHReshold <rel_ampl> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
[:SENSe]:EVM:SYNC:STHReshold? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
[:SENSe]:EVM:SYNC:SWORd:LENGth <integer> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
11
List of Commands
[:SENSe]:EVM:SYNC:SWORd:LENGth? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161
[:SENSe]:EVM:SYNC:SWORd:OFFSet <integer> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162
[:SENSe]:EVM:SYNC:SWORd:OFFSet?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162
[:SENSe]:EVM:SYNC:SWORd:PATTern <hexadecimal> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161
[:SENSe]:EVM:SYNC:SWORd:PATTern?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161
[:SENSe]:EVM:TRIGger:SOURce IMMediate|IF|RFBurst
|EXTernal[1]|EXTernal2|FRAMe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159
[:SENSe]:EVM:TRIGger:SOURce? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159
[:SENSe]:EVM:WBIF:ADC:DITHer OFF|ON|0|1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172
[:SENSe]:EVM:WBIF:ADC:DITHer? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172
List of Commands
[:SENSe]:EVM:WBIF:ADCCorrect OFF|ON|0|1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172
[:SENSe]:EVM:WBIF:ADCCorrect? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172
[:SENSe]:EVM:WBIF:FLATness OFF|ON|0|1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172
[:SENSe]:EVM:WBIF:FLATness? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172
[:SENSe]:EVM:WBIF:IFGain <integer>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171
[:SENSe]:EVM:WBIF:IFGain? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171
[:SENSe]:EVM:WBIF:TRIGger:EOFFset? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180
[:SENSe]:EVM:WBIF:TRIGger:INTerpolate OFF|ON|0|1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173
[:SENSe]:EVM:WBIF:TRIGger:INTerpolate?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173
[:SENSe]:FEED RF|AREFerence|EMIXer|IFALign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126
[:SENSe]:FEED? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126
[:SENSe]:FREQuency:CENTer <freq> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125
[:SENSe]:FREQuency:CENTer:STEP:AUTO OFF|ON|0|1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125
[:SENSe]:FREQuency:CENTer:STEP:AUTO? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125
[:SENSe]:FREQuency:CENTer:STEP[:INCRement] <freq> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125
[:SENSe]:FREQuency:CENTer:STEP[:INCRement]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125
[:SENSe]:FREQuency:CENTer? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125
[:SENSe]:POWer:GAIN:STATe] OFF|ON|0|1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128
[:SENSe]:POWer:GAIN:STATe]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128
[:SENSe]:POWer[:RF]:ATTenuation <rel_power> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127
[:SENSe]:POWer[:RF]:ATTenuation? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127
12
List of Commands
[:SENSe]:POWer[:RF]:MW:PRESelector[:STATe] OFF|ON|0|1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
[:SENSe]:POWer[:RF]:MW:PRESelector[:STATe]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
[:SENSe]:RADio:DEVice BTS|MS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
[:SENSe]:RADio:DEVice? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
[:SENSe]:RADio:STANdard:ALPHa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
[:SENSe]:RADio:STANdard:ALPHa? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
[:SENSe]:RADio:STANdard:FILTer:MEASurement NONE|RNYQuist
|NYQuist|GAUSsian|CDMA|EMF|RECTangle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
[:SENSe]:RADio:STANdard:FILTer:MEASurement? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
[:SENSe]:RADio:STANdard:FILTer:REFerence RNYQuist|NYQuist|GAUSsian|CD-
MA|EDGE|RECTangle|HSINe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
List of Commands
[:SENSe]:RADio:STANdard:FILTer:REFerence? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
[:SENSe]:RADio:STANdard:MODulation? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
[:SENSe]:RADio:STANdard:MODulation
QPSK|BPSK|OQPSK|PI4DQPSK|D8PSK|DQPSK|EPSK|QAM16|QAM32
|QAM64|QAM128|QAM256|FSK2|FSK4|FSK8|MSK1|MSK2|EDGE|
DVBQAM16|DVBQAM32|DVBQAM64|DVBQAM128|DVBQAM256. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
[:SENSe]:RADio:STANdard:SRATe <frequency> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
[:SENSe]:RADio:STANdard:SRATe? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
[:SENSe]:RADio:STANdard[:SELect] CDMA|CDMA2K|WCDMA|NADC|
EDGE|PDC|TETRA|GSM|PHS|BLUETOOTH|ZigBee2450|VDLM3|APCO2 P1 . . . . . . . . . 132
[:SENSe]:RADio:STANdard[:SELect]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
13
List of Commands
List of Commands
14
1 Introduction
This chapter provides overall information on the Agilent PSA Series
Flexible Digital Modulation Analysis Option 241 and describes the
measurements made by the analyzer. If you have purchased this option
separately, there are installation instructions provided in this section
for adding this option to your analyzer.
Introduction
15
Introduction
What Does the Agilent PSA Option 241 Do?
What Does the Agilent PSA Option 241 Do?
This instrument can help determine if a digitally modulated source or
transmitter is working correctly. The instrument will demodulate a
broad range of digital signals, like FSK, PSK, and QAM. Option 241
also demodulates signals created in many standard communications
formats, like EDGE, cdma2000, and W-CDMA. You may alter the
demodulation parameters for specialized analysis.
This instrument will demodulate signals that use the following formats:
•MSK
•QPSK
•8PSK
•BPSK
• π/4 DQPSK
•DQPSK
•D8PSK
• Offset QPSK
• QAM16, 32, 64, 128, 256
• DVB QAM 16, 32, 64, 128, 256
• FSK 2, 4, 8 states
This instrument will also demodulate signals that conform to the
following standard communications formats:
Introduction
• GSM BTS and MS
• EDGE BTS and MS
• W-CDMA BTS and MS
• cdma2000 SR1 BTS and MS
• cdmaOne BTS and MS
• NADC BTS and MS
• PDC BTS and MS
• PHS BTS and MS
• TETRA BTS and MS
• Bluetooth
• ZigBee 2450 MHz
16 Chapter 1
Introduction
What Does the Agilent PSA Option 241 Do?
•VDL Mode 3
• APCO25 phase1
NOTE PSA option 241 can analyze digital modulation for a single code channel
only. If multiple code channels are transmitted, synchronization will
fail, and incorrect EVM results will be obtained. For modulation quality
measurements of multiple code channels, Modulation Accuracy and
Code Domain measurements must be performed by a full-featured
standard-based personality, like PSA Option BAF for W-CDMA.
For infrastructure testing and analysis, base station or mobile
equipment can be tested on a non-interference basis using the
appropriate power splitters, couplers, and attenuators. For details see
Chapter 2 , “Making Measurements,” on page 25.
Introduction
Chapter 1 17
Introduction
Installing Optional Measurement Personalities
Installing Optional Measurement
Personalities
When you install a measurement personality, you need to follow a three
step process:
1. Determine whether your memory capacity is sufficient to contain all
the options you want to load. If not, decide which options you want to
install now, and consider upgrading your memory. Details follow in
“Do You Have Enough Memory to Load All Your Personality
Options?” on page 18.
2. Install the measurement personality firmware into the instrument
memory. Details follow in “Loading an Optional Measurement
Personality” on page 22.
3. Enter a license key that activates the measurement personality.
Details follow in “Obtaining and Installing a License Key” on page
22.
Adding measurement personalities requires the purchase of an upgrade
kit for the desired option. The upgrade kit contains the measurement
personality firmware and an entitlement certificate that is used to
generate a license key from the internet website. A separate license key
is required for each option on a specific instrument serial number and
host ID.
For the latest information on Agilent Spectrum Analyzer options and
upgrade kits, visit the following web location:
http://www.agilent.com/find/sa_upgrades
Introduction
Do You Have Enough Memory to Load All Your Personality Options?
If you do not have memory limitations then you can skip ahead to the
next section “Loading an Optional Measurement Personality” on
page 22. If after installing your options you get error messages relating
to memory issues, you can return to this section to learn more about
how to optimize your configuration.
If you have 64 MBytes of memory installed in your instrument, you
should have enough memory to install at least four optional
personalities, with plenty of memory for data and states.
The optional measurement personalities require different amounts of
memory. So the number of personalities that you can load varies. This is
also impacted by how much data you need to save. If you are having
memory errors you must swap the applications in or out of memory as
needed. If you only have 48 MBytes of memory, you can upgrade your
18 Chapter 1
Introduction
Installing Optional Measurement Personalities
hardware to 64 MBytes.
Additional memory can be added to any PSA Series analyzer by
installing Option 115. With this option installed, you can install all
currently available measurement personalities in your analyzer and
still have memory space to store more state and trace files than would
otherwise be possible.
To see the size of your installed memory for PSA Series Spectrum
Analyzers:
1. Ensure that the spectrum analyzer is in spectrum analyzer mode
because this can affect the screen size.
2. Press
3. Press
System, Show System. Under Options look for 115.
System, More, Show Hdwr.
4. Read Flash Memory size in the table.
PSA Flash
Memory Size
64 Mbytes 32.5 MBytes 30.0 MBytes
48 Mbytes 16.9 MBytes 14.3 MBytes
PSA Compact Flash
Memory Size
512 Mbytes (Opt. 115) 512 MBytes
Available Memory
Without Option
B7J and Option
122 or 140
Available Additional Memory for
Measurement Personalities
Available Memory With
Option B7J and Option 122 or
140
If you have 48 MBytes of memory, and you want to install more than 3
optional personalities, you may need to manage your memory
resources. The following section, “How to Predict Your Memory
Requirements” on page 20, will help you decide how to configure your
installed options to provide optimal operation.
Introduction
Chapter 1 19
Introduction
Installing Optional Measurement Personalities
How to Predict Your Memory Requirements
If you plan to install many optional personalities, you should review
your memory requirements, so you can determine whether you have
enough memory (unless you have a PSA Series with Option 115). There
is an Agilent “Memory Calculator” available online that can help you do
this, or you can make a calculated approximation using the information
that follows. You will need to know your instrument’s installed memory
size as determined in the previous section and then select your desired
applications.
NOTE If you have a PSA Series analyzer with Option 115, there is adequate
memory to install all of the available optional personalities in your
instrument.
To calculate the available memory on your PSA, see:
http://sa.tm.agilent.com/PSA/memory/
Select the “Memory Calculator” link. You can try any combination of
available personalities to see if your desired configuration is compatible
with your installed memory.
NOTE After loading all your optional measurement personalities, you should
have a reserve of ~2 MBytes memory to facilitate mode switching. Less
available memory will increase mode switching time. For example, if
you employ excessive free memory by saving files of states and/or data,
your mode switching time can increase to more than a minute.
You can manually estimate your total memory requirements by adding
up the memory allocations described in the following steps. Compare
the desired total with the available memory that you identified in the
previous section.
Introduction
1. Program memory - Select option requirements from the table
“Measurement Personality Options and Memory Required” on
page 21.
2. Shared libraries require 7.72 MBytes.
3. The recommended mode swap space is 2 MBytes.
4. Screens - .gif files need 20-25 kBytes each.
5. State memory - State file sizes range from 21 kB for SA mode to
40 kB for W-CDMA. The state of every mode accessed since power-on
will be saved in the state file. File sizes can exceed 150 kB each when
several modes are accessed, for each state file saved.
TIP State memory retains settings for all states accessed before the Save
State
command. To reduce this usage to a minimum, reduce the modes
accessed before the
Save State is executed. You can set the PSA to boot
into a selected mode by accessing the desired mode, then pressing the
System, Power On/Preset, Power On keys and toggle the setting to Last.
20 Chapter 1
Installing Optional Measurement Personalities
Measurement Personality Options and Memory Required
Introduction
Personality Options
for PSA Series Spectrum Analyzers
a
Option File Size
(PSA Rev: A.10)
cdmaOne measurement personality BAC 1.91 Mbytes
NADC and PDC measurement personalities (not
BAE 2.43 Mbytes
available separately)
W-CDMA or W-CDMA, HSDPA, HSUPA
BAF, 210
5.38 Mbytes
measurement personality
cdma2000 or cdma2000 w/ 1xEV-DV measurement
B78, 214
4.00 Mbytes
personality
1xEV-DO measurement personality 204
GSM (with EDGE) measurement personality 202
Shared measurement library
b
n/a 7.72 Mbytes
Phase Noise measurement personality 226
Noise Figure measurement personality 219
Basic measurement personality with digital demod
B7J Cannot be deleted
hardware
Programming Code Compatibility Suited (8560
266
5.61 Mbytes
3.56 Mbytes
2.82 Mbytes
4.68 Mbytes
(2.64 Mbytes)
1.18 Mbytes
Series, 8590 Series, and 8566/8568)
b
b
b
b
c
c
c
TD-SCDMA Power measurement personality 211
TD-SCDMA Modulation Analysis or TD-SCDMA
212, 213 1.82 Mbytes
5.47 Mbytes
c
Modulation Analysis w/ HSDPA/8PSK measurement
personality
Flexible Digital Modulation Analysis 241
WLAN measurement personality 217
External Source Control 215
Measuring Receiver Personality
233
2.11 Mbytes
3.24 Mbytes
0.72 Mbytes
2.91 Mbytes
b
b
c
b
(available with Option 23A - Trigger support for
AM/FM/PM and Option 23B - CCITT filter)
EMC Analyzer 239
4.06 Mbytes
b
a. Available as of the print date of this guide.
b. Many PSA Series personality options use a 7.72 Mbyte shared measurement library. If
you are loading multiple personalities that use this library, you only need to add this
memory allocation once.
c. Shared measurement library allocation not required.
d. This is a no charge option that does not require a license key.
Introduction
Chapter 1 21
Introduction
Installing Optional Measurement Personalities
Memory Upgrade Kits
The PSA 64 MByte Memory Upgrade kit part number is
E4440AU-ANE. The PSA Compact Flash Upgrade kit part number is
E4440AU-115.
For more information about memory upgrade kits contact your local
sales office, service office, or see:
http://www.agilent.com/find/sa_upgrades
Loading an Optional Measurement Personality
You must use a PC to load the desired personality option into the
instrument memory. Loading can be done from a firmware CD-ROM or
by downloading the update program from the internet. An automatic
loading program comes with the files and runs from your PC.
You can check the Agilent internet website for the latest PSA firmware
versions available for downloading:
http://www.agilent.com/find/psa_firmware
NOTE When you add a new option, or update an existing option, you will get
the updated versions of all your current options as they are all reloaded
simultaneously. This process may also require you to update the
instrument core firmware so that it is compatible with the new option.
Depending on your installed hardware memory, you may not be able to
fit all of the available measurement personalities in instrument
memory at the same time. You may need to delete an existing option file
from memory and load the one you want. Use the automatic update
program that is provided with the files. Refer to the table showing
“Measurement Personality Options and Memory Required” on page 21.
The approximate memory requirements for the options are listed in this
Introduction
table. These numbers are worst case examples. Some options share
components and libraries, therefore the total memory usage of multiple
options may not be exactly equal to the combined total.
Obtaining and Installing a License Key
If you purchase an optional personality that requires installation, you
will receive an “Entitlement Certificate” which may be redeemed for a
license key specific to one instrument. Follow the instructions that
accompany the certificate to obtain your license key.
To install a license key for the selected personality option, use the
following procedure:
NOTE You can also use this procedure to reinstall a license key that has been
deleted during an uninstall process, or lost due to a memory failure.
22 Chapter 1
Introduction
Installing Optional Measurement Personalities
1. Press System, More, More, Licensing, Option to accesses the alpha
editor. Use this alpha editor to enter letters (upper-case), and the
front-panel numeric keys to enter numbers for the option
designation. You will validate your option entry in the active
function area of the display. Then, press the
Enter key.
2. Press
License Key to enter the letters and digits of your license key.
You will validate your license key entry in the active function area of
the display. Then, press the
3. Press the
Activate License key.
Enter key.
Viewing a License Key
Measurement personalities purchased with your instrument have been
installed and activated at the factory before shipment. The instrument
requires a License Key unique to every measurement personality
purchased. The license key is a hexadecimal number specific to your
measurement personality, instrument serial number and host ID. It
enables you to install, or reactivate that particular personality.
Use the following procedure to display the license key unique to your
personality option that is already installed in your PSA:
Press
Personality key displays the personalities loaded, version
information, and whether the personality is licensed.
NOTE You will want to keep a copy of your license key in a secure location.
Press
of the display that shows the license numbers. If you should lose your
license key, call your nearest Agilent Technologies service or sales office
for assistance.
System, More, More, Licensing, Show License. The System,
System, More, then Licensing, Show License, and print out a copy
Introduction
Using the Delete License Key on PSA
This key will make the option unavailable for use, but will not delete it
from memory. Write down the 12-digit license key for the option before
you delete it. If you want to use that measurement personality later,
you will need the license key to reactivate the personality firmware.
NOTE Using the Delete License key does not remove the personality from the
instrument memory, and does not free memory to be available to install
another option. If you need to free memory to install another option,
refer to the instructions for loading firmware updates located at the
URL : http://www.agilent.com/find/psa/
1. Press
will activate the alpha editor menu. Use the alpha editor to enter the
Chapter 1 23
System, More, More, Licensing, Option. Pressing the Option key
Introduction
Installing Optional Measurement Personalities
letters (upper-case) and the front-panel numeric keyboard to enter
the digits (if required) for the option, then press the
Enter key. As you
enter the option, you will see your entry in the active function area of
the display.
2. Press
Delete License to remove the license key from memory.
Ordering Optional Measurement Personalities
When you order a personality option, you will receive an entitlement
certificate. You will need to go to the Web site to redeem your
entitlement certificate for a license key. You will need to provide your
instrument serial number and host ID, and the entitlement certificate
number.
Required Information: Front Panel Key Path:
Model #: (Ex. E4440A)
Host ID:
__________________
Instrument
Serial Number:
__________________
System, Show System
System, Show System
Introduction
24 Chapter 1
2 Making Measurements
This chapter describes procedures used to set up and analyze digitally
modulated signals. Details of the steps necessary for accurate
modulation analysis of digital signals are provided, and examples of the
measurement capability of PSA Option 241 for analysis of various
modulation formats are shown.
Making Measurements
25
Making Measurements
Introduction
Introduction
This chapter provides measurement and troubleshooting procedures
and also shows example results obtained using the PSA Option 241
Flexible Digital Modulation Analysis measurement personality. When
correctly set up, this PSA personality demodulates basic formats,
cellular formats, and wireless connectivity formats and performs a suite
of vector-analysis measurements to analyze digital modulation quality.
There are three measurements available in this mode: Modulation
Analysis, Spectrum, and Waveform. This chapter concentrates on the
Modulation Analysis measurement. For more details about Spectrum
and Waveform measurements, please refer to the PSA Basic Mode
Guide.
NOTE PSA option 241 can analyze digital modulation for a single code channel
only. If multiple code channels are transmitted, synchronization will
fail, and incorrect EVM results will be obtained. For modulation quality
measurements of multiple code channels, Modulation Accuracy and
Code Domain measurements must be performed by a full-featured
standard-based personality, like PSA Option BAF for W-CDMA.
The following PSA hardware options are compatible with this
measurement personality, as well as for Basic Mode Spectrum and
Wavefor m measur e ments:
• Option 122, 80 MHz Bandwidth Digitizer
• Option 140, 40 MHz Bandwidth Digitizer
• Option 123, Preselector Bypass (required for Options 122 or 140)
For more information on using Options 122, 123, and 140 see the PSA
Basic Mode Guide.
The following subjects are presented in this chapter:
• “Setting Up the Test Equipment and DUT” on page 28
This section describes how to setup your test equipment and DUT to
make modulation measurements on the PSA. It also describes
instrument preset types.
• “Determining the RF Parameters of Your Signal” on page 31
This section describes how to use the spectrum and waveform
measurements to view the RF parameters of your signal.
• “Modulation Analysis Measurements in 8 Steps” on page 48
Making Measurements
This section describes steps to set up the PSA to demodulate
industry standard radio formats or to use the flexible modulation
26 Chapter 2
Making Measurements
Introduction
settings to demodulate customized digital signals.
• “Modulation Analysis Measurement Final Checks” on page 50
This section describes what you should expect from a modulation
analysis measurement and tips to improve your measurement.
• “Modifying Measurement Setup Parameters” on page 52
This section describes how to setup demodulation parameters,
triggering, burst synchronization and equalization.
• “Measuring Digital Modulation Formats” on page 62
This section describes the different modulation analysis views using
industry standard communication formats.
• “Analyzing and Troubleshooting Digital Signals” on page 95
This section describes a troubleshooting procedure to determine the
causes of impairments that degrade signal quality.
• “Interpreting Error Codes” on page 119
This section details common error messages and offers hints to assist
you in resolving them.
Making Measurements
Chapter 2 27
Making Measurements
Setting Up the Test Equipment and DUT
Setting Up the Test Equipment and DUT
Making the Initial Signal Connection
CAUTION Before connecting a signal to the instrument, make sure the instrument
can safely accept the signal level provided. The signal level limits are
marked next to the connectors on the front panel.
See “Input/Output” on page 126 for details on selecting input ports,
setting internal attenuation to prevent overloading the input port, and
details of
Configuring a MS Measurement System
The mobile station (MS) under test has to be set to transmit the RF
power remotely through the system controller. This transmitting signal
is connected to the instruments RF input port. Connect the equipment
as shown.
Int Preamp operation.
Figure 2-1 Mobile Station Measurement System
Step 1. Using the appropriate cables, adapters, and circulator, connect the
output signal of the MS to the RF input of the instrument.
Step 2. Connect the base transmission station simulator or signal generator to
the MS through a circulator to initiate a link constructed with sync and
pilot channels, if required.
Making Measurements
Step 3. Connect a BNC cable between the 10 MHz OUT port of the signal
generator and the EXT REF IN port of the instrument.
Step 4. Connect the system controller to the MS through the serial bus cable to
control the MS operation.
28 Chapter 2
Configuring a BTS Measurement System
The base transmission station (BTS) under test has to be set to
transmit the RF power remotely through the system controller. The
transmitting signal from the BTS is summed with the interferer and
connected to the instruments RF input port. Connect the equipment as
shown.
Figure 2-2 Base Station Measurement System
Making Measurements
Setting Up the Test Equipment and DUT
Step 1. Using appropriate amplifier, circulators, etc., connect the RF uplink
signal from a signal generator or MS to the BTS RF Input connector.
Step 2. Connect the RF Output signal from the BTS to the RF Input port of the
instrument through an attenuator.
Step 3. Connect a BNC cable between the 10 MHz OUT port of the signal
generator and the EXT REF IN port of the instrument.
Step 4. Connect the system controller to the BTS with the serial bus cable.
NOTE When making BTS or MS measurements, you may need to provide a
synchronization trigger to the PSA. Selections are detailed in the
section “Setting up a Trigger Source” on page 54 (connections not
shown).
Making Measurements
Chapter 2 29
Making Measurements
Setting Up the Test Equipment and DUT
Using Instrument Presets
If you want to set your current measurement personality to a known,
factory default state use instrument preset. You have the option of
setting the instrument preset to factory, mode or user defined preset
types. To restore the PSA default settings in the
mode, use
retain the current mode.
Step 1. Select the preset type:
Mode preset to initialize the modulation parameters and
Modulation Analysis
Press
Press
System, Power On/Preset, Preset Type.
User or Mode or Factory.
Factory Preset - Returns the analyzer to
current mode is not spectrum analysis) and initializes the instrument
settings to factory settings in
Spectrum Analysis mode.
Mode Preset - The analyzer is preset within its current mode.
Instrument settings are reset to a factory default state for the current
mode.
User Preset - The instrument is preset to a saved configuration.
Step 2. Save a user defined preset state:
Press
System, Power On/Preset, Save User Preset.
The PSA can save one user defined preset state. When user preset is
selected and
Preset is pressed, the analyzer will prompt you to select
user, mode or factory preset. When in mode and factory preset the
analyzer will not prompt you to choose the preset type.
Spectrum Analysis mode (if the
Making Measurements
30 Chapter 2
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