Agilent E4418B User Manual

User’ s Guide

Agilent Technologies
E4418B Power Meter

Agilent Technologies Part no. E4418-90032

December, 1998

© Copyright 1998 Agilent Technologies
All rights reserved. Reproduction, adaptation, or translation without prior

written permission is prohibited, except as allowed under the copyright
laws.

Printed in the UK.

ii Agilent E4418B User’s Guide

Legal Information

Legal Information

Notice

Information contained in this document is subject to change without
notice. Agilent T echno logies makes no warranty of any kind with regard to
this material, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of
merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Agilent Technologies
shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or
consequential damages in connection with the furnishings, performance,
or use of this material. No part of t h is document may be photocopied,
reproduced, or translated to another language without the prior written
consent of Agilent Technologies.

Certification

Agilent Technologies certifies that this product met its published
specifications at the time of shipment from the factory. Agilent
Technologies further certifies that its calibration measurements are
traceable to the United States National Institute of Standards and
T echnology, to the extent allowed by the Institute’s calibration facility, and
to the calibration facilities of other International Standards Organization
members.

Warranty

This Agilent Technologies instrument product is warranted against
defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from date of
shipment. During the warranty period, Agilent Technologies will at its
option, either repair or replace products which prove to be defective. For
warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a service
facility designated by Agilent Technologies. Buyer shall prepay shipping
charges to Agilent Technologies and Agilent Technologies shall pay
shipping charges, duties, and taxes for products returned to Aglent
Technologies from another country. Agilent T ech nologies warra nts that its
software and firmware design ated by Agilent Technologies for use with an
instrument will execute its programming instructions when properly
installed on that instrument. Agilent Technologies does not warrant that
the operation of the instrument, or firmware will be uninterrupted or
error free.

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide iii

Legal Information

Limitation of Warranty

The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper
or inadequate maintenance by Buyer, Buyer-supplied software or
interfacing, unauthorized modificatio n or misuse , operatio n outsi de of the
environmental specifications for the product, or improper site preparation
or maintenance. NO OTHER W ARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED.
HP SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

Exclusive Remedies

THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER’S SOLE AND
EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES. AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES SHALL NOT BE
LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT,
TORT, OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY.

iv Agilent E4418B User’s Guide

Equipment Operation

Equipment Operation

Warnings and Cautions

This guide uses warnings and cautions to denote hazards.

WARNING A warning calls attention to a procedure, practice or the

like, which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, c ould
result in injury or the loss of life. Do not proceed beyond a
warning until the indicated conditions are fully
understood and met.

Caution A caution calls attention to a procedure, practice or the like which,

if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to
or the destruction of part or all of the equipment. Do not proceed
beyond a caution until the indicated conditions are fully
understood and met.

Personal Safety Considerations

WARNING This is a Safety Class I pro duct (provided with a p rotecti ve

earthing ground incorporated in the power cord). The
mains plug shall only be inserted in a socket outlet
provided with a protective earth contact. Any interruption
of the protective conductor, inside or outside the
instrument, is likely to make the instrument dangerous.
Intentional interruption is prohibited.
If this instrument is not used as specified, the prot ection
provided by the equipment could be impair ed. This
instrument must be used in a normal condition (in which
all means of protection are intact) only.
No operator serviceable parts inside. Refer servicing t o
qualified personnel. To prevent electrical shock, do not
remove covers.
For continued protection against fire hazard, replace the
line fuse(s) only with fuses of the same t y pe a n d r ating (for
example, normal blow, time delay, etc. ) . The use of other
fuses or material is prohibited.

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide v

General Safety Considerations

ISM

GROUP 1

CLASS A

General Safety Considerations

WARNING Before this instrument is switched on, make sure it has

been properly grounded through the protective conductor
of the ac power cable to a socket outlet p rovided with
protective earth contact.
Any interruption of the protective (grounding) conductor,
inside or outside the instrument, or disconnection of the
protective earth terminal can result in personal injury.

Caution Any adjustments or service procedures that require operation of

the instrument with protective covers removed should be
performed only by trained service pers onnel.

Markings

The CE mark shows that the product complies with
all the relevant European legal Directives (if
accompanied by a year, it signifies when the design
was proven.

This is the symbol of an Industrial Scientific and
Medical Group 1 Class A product.

The CSA mark is a registered trademark of the
Canadian Standards Association.

External Protective Earth Terminal.

While this is a Class I product, provided with a
protective earthing conductor in a power cord, an
external protective earthing terminal has also been
provided. This termin al is fo r us e wh ere the ea rthin g
cannot be assured. At least an 18AWG earthing
conductor should be used in such an instance, to
ground the instrument to an assured earth terminal.

vi Agilent E4418B User’s Guide

General Safety Considerations

IEC 1010-1 Compliance

This instrument has been designed and tested in accordance with IEC
Publication 61010-1 +A1:1992 Safety Requirements for Electrical
Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory Use and has been
supplied in a safe condition. The instruction documentation contains
information and warnings which must be followed by the user to ensure
safe operation and to maintain the instrument in a safe condition.

Statement of Compli ance

This product has been designed and tested for compliance with IEC 60529
(1989) Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosures (IP Code). Level IPx4
is attained if, and only if, the carry case( Agilent Technologies part
number 34141A) is fitted.

User Environment

This product is designed for use in a sheltered environment (avoiding
extreme weather conditions) in accordance with Pollution Degree 3
defined in IEC 60664-1, with the carry case (Agilent Technologies part
number 34141A) fitted over the instrument.

The product is suitable for indoor use only, when this carry case is not
fitted.

Installation Instructions

T o a void unnecessary over-t emperature conditi ons, while this carry case is
fitted do not apply an ac mains supply voltage, only operate your Agilent
Technologies E4418B from the battery pack.

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide vii

Regulatory Information

Regulatory Information

Sound Emission

Herstellerbescheinigung

Diese Information steht im Zusammenhang mit den Anforderungen der
Maschinenlarminformationsverordnung vom 18 Januar 1991.

• Sound Pressure LpA < 70 dB.

• Am Arbeitsplatz.

• Normaler Betrieb.

• Nach DIN 45635 T. 19 (Typprufung).

Manufacturers Declaration

This statement is provided to comply with the requirements of the
German Sound DIN 45635 T. 19 (Typprufung).

• Sound Pressure LpA < 70 dB.

• At operator position.

• Normal operation.

• According to ISO 7779 (Type Test).

Australian EMC Regulations

N279

The C-Tick mark is a registered trademark of the Spectrum Management
Agency of Australia. This signifies compliance with the Australian EMC
Framework Regulations under the terms of the Radiocommunications Act
of 1992.

viii Agilent E4418B User’s Guide

Regulatory Information

Declaration of Conformity

according to ISO/IE C Guide 22 and EN45014

Manufacturer’s Name: Agilent Technologies
Manufacturer's Address:

Declares that the product

Product Name

:

Model Numbers:
Product Options:

Conforms with the prot e ct ion requirements of European Council Direc ti ve 89/336/EEC on the approximation
of the laws of the member states relating to electromagnetic compatib ility.

Against EMC test specifications EN 55011:1991 (Group 1, Class A) and EN 50082-1:1992

As Detailed in:

Assessed by:

Technical Report Number:6893/2200/CBR, dated 23 September 1997

Supplementary Information: The product conf orms to the following safety standa rds

The product herewit h com plies with the requi re ments of the Low Voltage D ire c ti ve 73/23/EEC, and carries the
CE-marking accordingly. This product is also designed to meet IPx4 in accordanc e with IEC 60529:1989 / EN
60529:1992.

South Queensferry, Scotland 22 October 1998

South Queensferry
West Lothian, EH30 9TG
Scotland, United Kingdom

Single Channel Power Meter
Agilent E4418B

This declaration covers al l opt ions of the above products as de t ai le d in
TCF A-5951-9852-02

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
Technical Construction File (TCF) N o. A-5951-9852-01

Dti Appointed Competent Body
EMC Test Centre,
GEC-Marconi Avionics Ltd.,
Maxwell Building,
Donibristle Industrial Park,
KY11 5LB
Scotland, United Kingdom

EN61010-1 (1993) / IEC 1010-1 (1990) + A1 (1992)
CSA-C22.2 No. 1010.1-92
EN60825-1 (1994) / IEC 825-1 (1993)

Location Date

Europe Contact:
Your local Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Office or Agilent Technologies GmbH, Department 2Q /

Standards Europe, Herrenberger Strasse 130, D7030 Boblinger (Fax; [phone]).

R.M. Evans / Quality Manager

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide ix

List of Related Publications

List of Related Publications

The Agilent E4418B is also available in the following languages:

• English La ng u a g e Use r’s Guide - Standard

• German Language User’s Guide - Option ABD

• Spanish Language User’s Guide - Option ABE

• French Language User’s Guide - Option ABF

• Italian Language User’s Guide - Option ABZ

• Japanese Language User’s Guide - Option ABJ

Agilent Technologies E4418B/E4419B Programming Guide is shipped as
standard.

Agilent Technologies E4418B/E4419B Service Guide is available by
ordering Option 915.

Agilent Technologies E4418B/E4419B CLIPs (Component Location and
Information Pack) is available by ordering E4418-90031.

Useful information on SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable
Instruments) can be found in:

• A Beginner’s Guide to SCPI, which is available by ordering Agilent
Technologies Part Number 5010-7166.

• The SCPI reference manuals which are available from:
SCPI Consortium,
8380 Hercules Drive, Suite P3,
La Mesa, CA 91942, USA.
Telephone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

x A gilent E4418B User’s Guide

Agilent Technologies E4418B Options

Agilent Technologies E4418B Options

The Agilent E4418B power meters have the following options available:

• Option 001, supplies an internal rechargeable battery providing
full instrument functionality when access to an ac power outlet is
not available.

• Option 002, supplies parallel rear panel sensor input(s). The
power reference oscillator output is on the front panel.

• Option 003, supplies parallel rear panel sensor input(s). The
power reference oscillator output is also on the rear panel.

• Option 004, deletes the Agilent 11730A sensor cable(s) provided.

• Option 0BO, deletes manual set.

• Option 908, provides rackmount kit for one instrument.

• Option 909, provides rackmount kit for two instruments.

• Option 915, provides the Agilent E4418B/E4419B Service Guide.

• Option 916, provides an additional Agilent E4418B User’s Guide

and Agilent E4418B/E4419B Programming Guide.

• Option 1BN, provides MIL-STD 45662A, Certificate of
Calibration.

• Option 1BP, provides MIL-STD-45662A, Certificate of Calibration
and data.

Available Accessories

• Agilent 34161A Accessory Pouch

• Agilent 34141A Yellow soft carry/operating case

• Agilent 34131A basic instrument transit case

• Agilent E9287A Spare battery pack - for instruments fitted with

option 001 only

• Agilent 34397A 12 Vdc to 115 Vac inverter (Option 0E3 230 V)

• The following Ag ilent power sensor cables are available:

■ Agilent 11730A 1.5 m (7.5 ft)

■ Agilent 11730B 3 m (10 ft)

■ Agilent 11730C 6.1 m (20 ft)

■ Agilent 11730D 15.2 m (50 ft)

■ Agilent 11730E 30.5 m (100 ft)

■ Agilent 11730F 61 m (200 ft)

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide xi

About this Guide

About this Guide

Chapter 1: Getting Started

This chapter prepares the power meter for use and helps you to get
familiar with a few of the front panel features.

Chapter 2: Power Meter Operation

This chapter gives a detailed description of the capabilities and operation
of the power meter. You will find this chapter useful when you are
operating the power meter from the front panel.

Chapter 3: Menu Map Reference

This chapter details diagrammatically the menu maps for the power
meter. It also gives a description of all the power meter’s keys.

Chapter 4: Error Messages

This chapter lists the error messages that may appear as you are working
with the power meter. Each description contains information to help you
diagnose and solve the problem.

Chapter 5: Specifications

This chapter lists the power meter’s specifications and describes how to
interpret these specifications.

xii Agilent E4418B User’s Guide

Table of Contents

Legal Information ........................................................................iii

Notice .....................................................................................iii

Certification...........................................................................iii

Warranty................................................................................iii

Limitation of Warranty......................................................... iv

Exclusive Remedies............................................................... iv

Equipment Operation ................................................................... v

Personal Safety Considerations............................................. v

General Safety Considerations.................................................... vi

Markings................................................................................ vi

IEC 1010-1 Compliance........................................................ vii

Statement of Compliance..................................................... vii

User Environment................................................................ vii

Installation Instructions ...................................................... vii

Regulatory Information .............................................................viii

Sound Emission................................................................... viii

Australian EMC Regulations.............................................. viii

List of Related Publications ......................................................... x

Agilent Technologies E4418B Options........................................ xi

Available Accessories ............................................................ xi

About this Guide ......................................................................... xii

Page

Getting Started.................................................................................... 1-1

Introduction................................................................................... 1-2

Turning On the Power Meter....................................................... 1-3

The Front Panel at a Glance ........................................................ 1-4

The Display Layout....................................................................... 1-7

Selecting Your Display Layout.............................................. 1-11

Window Symbols........................................................................... 1-14

Warning Symbol..................................................................... 1-14

Confirmation Window ............................................................ 1-14

Wait Symbol...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ....... ..... 1-14

1 of N Entry Window.............................................................. 1-15

Numeric or Alphanumeric Entry Window... ....... ...... ....... ..... 1-15

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide Contents-1

The Rear Panel at a Glance.......................................................... 1-16

Adjusting the Carrying Handle.................................................... 1-18

Rack Mounting the Power Meter ................................................. 1-19

Power Meter Operation..................................................................... 2-1

Introduction................................................................................... 2-2

Battery Operation (Option 001) ................................................... 2-3

General Information............................................................... 2-3

Running Time... ....... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ..... 2-3

Charging Times ...................................................................... 2-4

Backlight................................................................................. 2-4

Battery Removal/Replacement .................................. ....... ..... 2-5

Zeroing and Calibrating the Power Meter................................... 2-7

Zeroing the Power Meter........................................................ 2-7

Zero/Cal Lockout..................................................................... 2-7

Calibrating the Power Meter................................................. 2-8

Calibration Procedure Us ing Agilent E-Series

Power Sensors.......... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ............ 2-8

Calibration Procedure using Agilent 8480 Series

Power Sensors.......... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ............ 2-9

Zeroing and Calibrating Using TTL Inputs.......................... 2-12

Making Measurements with the Agilent E-Series

Power Sensors................................................ ...... ....... ...... ....... ..... 2-15

Procedure................................................................................ 2-15

Making Measurements with the Agilent 8480 Series

Power Sensors................................................ ...... ....... ...... ....... ..... 2-17

Procedure................................................................................ 2-17

Making Measurements using Sensor Calibration Tables .......... 2-19

Selecting a Sensor Calibration Table.................................... 2-19

Making the Measurement...................................................... 2-20

Editing Sensor Calibration Tables ........................................ 2-21

Making Measurements using Frequency Dependent

Offset Tables ................................................................................. 2-27

Selecting a Frequency Dependent Offset Table.................... 2-27

Making the Measurement...................................................... 2-28

Editing Frequency Dependent Offset Tables........................ 2-29

Setting the Units of Measurement............................................... 2-32

Selecting Units of Measurement from the Softkeys ................... 2-33

Making Relative Measurements.................................................. 2-34

Procedure................................................................................ 2-34

Setting the Resolution .................................................................. 2-35

Setting Offsets............................................................................... 2-36

Setting Channel Offsets......................................................... 2-36

Contents-2 Agilent E4418B User’s Guide

Setting Display Offsets .......................................................... 2-36

Setting Averaging ......................................................................... 2-38

Step Detection......................................................................... 2-39

Measuring Pulsed Signals............................................................ 2-41

Setting Measurement Limits ....................................................... 2-43

Setting Channel Limits.......................................................... 2-43

Setting Window Limits .......................................................... 2-44

Checking for Limit Failures................................................... 2-47

Selecting a Digital or Analog Display.......................................... 2-49

Setting the Range ......................................................................... 2-52

Configuring the Remote Interface................................................ 2-53

GP-IB....................................................................................... 2-53

RS232/RS422 .......................................................................... 2-54

Remote Interface Overview.................................................... 2-56

Programming Language Selection ........................................ 2-58

Recorder Output............................................................................ 2-59

Leveling a Source Output ...................................................... 2-60

Saving and Recalling Power Meter Configurations.................... 2-61

How Measurements are Calculated............................................. 2-63

Presetting the Power Meter ......................................................... 2-64

Preset Conditions ................................................................... 2-64

Self Test......................................................................................... 2-66

Power On Self Test................................................................. 2-66

Front Panel Selection of Self Tests........................................ 2-67

Remote Testing....................................................................... 2-69

Test Descriptions.................................................................... 2-70

Operator Maintenance...................... ...... ....... ............................... 2-73

Replacing the Power Line Fuse ............................................. 2-73

Contacting Agilent Technologies............ ....... ............................... 2- 74

Before calling Agilent Technologies ...................................... 2-74

Check the Basics..................................................................... 2-75

Instrument serial numbers.................................. ...... ....... ..... 2-75

Sales and Service Offices ....................................................... 2-77

Returning Your Power Meter for Service.............................. 2-79

Menu Reference................................................................................... 3-1

Introduction................................................................................... 3-2

The Front Panel Menu Maps ....................................................... 3-3

dBm/W Menu.......................................................................... 3-3

Frequency/Cal Fac Menu ....................................................... 3-4

Meas Setup Menu................................................................... 3-5

Rel/Offset Menu...................................................................... 3-6

Save/Recall Menu ................................................................... 3-6

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide Contents-3

System Inputs Menu (1 of 4).................................................. 3-7

System Inputs Menu (2 of 4).................................................. 3-8

System Inputs Menu (3 of 4).................................................. 3-9

System Inputs Menu (4 of 4).................................................. 3-10

Zero/Cal Menu ........................................................................ 3-11

Front Panel Menu Reference........................................................ 3-12

Diagrammatical Hardkeys .................................................... 3-36

Error Messages .................................................................................... 4-1

Introduction................................................................................... 4-2

Error Messages ............................................................................. 4-4

Specifications....................................................................................... 5-1

Introduction................................................................................... 5-2

Power Meter Specifications..................................................... ..... 5-3

Meter....................................................................................... 5-3

Accuracy.................................................................................. 5-4

Power Reference......................................................... ....... ..... 5-5

Power Meter Supplemental Characteristics ............................... 5-6

Power Reference......................................................... ....... ..... 5-6

Measurement Speed.......................... ...... ...... ....... ...... ............ 5-6

Zero Drift of Sensors .............................................................. 5-7

Measurement Noise. ...... ....................................... ...... ....... ..... 5-7

Settling Time .......................................................................... 5-9

Power Sensor Specifications .................................................. 5-12

Battery Option 001 Operational Characteristics ........................ 5-13

General Characteristics................................................................ 5-14

Rear Panel Connectors........................................................... 5-14

Environmental Characteristics.................................................... 5-15

General Conditions................................................................. 5-15

Operating Environment......................................................... 5-15

Storage Conditions ................................................................. 5-15

General.......................................................................................... 5-16

Dimensions ............................................................................. 5-16

Weight..................................................................................... 5-16

Safety ...................................................................................... 5-16

Remote Programming ............................................................ 5-16

Non-Volatile Memory ............................................................. 5-17

Contents-4 Agilent E4418B User’s Guide

List of Figures

Page

2-1 Battery Status............. ...... ....................................... ...... ....... ..... 2-4

2-2 Battery Removal/Replacement ................................................. 2-6

2-3 Rmt I/O Port TTL Inputs .................... ....... ...... ....... ...... ....... ..... 2-12

2-4 “Sensor Tbls” Screen.................................................................. 2-20

2-5 “Edit Cal” Screen ....................................................................... 2-21

2-6 “Offset Tbls” Screen................................................................... 2-28

2-7 “Edit” Screen.............................................................................. 2-29

2-8 Effect of Offsets on a Channel Measurement........................... 2-37

2-9 Averaged Readings .................................................................... 2-39

2-10 Pulsed Signal ............................................................................. 2-41

2-11 Limits Checking Application..................................................... 2-44

2-12 Limits Checking Results ........................................................... 2-44

2-13 Remote I/O TTL Outputs .......................................................... 2-46

2-14 Pass/Fail Limit Indicators ........................................................ 2-48

2-15 Digital Display........................................................................... 2-49

2-16 Analog Display........................................................................... 2-49

2-17 Digital and Analog Display ....................................................... 2-49

2-18 RS232/422 Pin Assignment.............................. ....... ...... ....... ..... 2-54

2-19 Interface Overview Examples................................................... 2-57

2-20 Test Setup for Recording Swept Measurements...................... 2-59

2-21 “Save/Recall” Screen............................ ....... ...... ......................... 2-62

2-22 How Measurements are Calculated.......................................... 2-63

2-23 Replacing the Fuse .................................................................... 2-73

4-1 Error Annunciator Position....................................................... 4-2

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide Contents-5

Contents-6 Agilent E4418B User’s Guide

List of Tables

Page

1-1 .................................................................................................... 1-9

1-2 .................................................................................................... 1-10

2-1 Connecting the Agilent 8480 Series

Power Sensors During Calibration..... ....... ...... ....... ...... ............ 2-11

2-2 TTL Inputs Control Logic.......................................................... 2-12

2-3 TTL Input Timing Diagram 1............. ....... ...... ....... ...... ....... ..... 2-13

2-4 TTL Inputs Timing Diagram 2 ................................................. 2-14

2-5 Measurement Units.... ...... ....... ...................................... ....... ..... 2-32

2-6 Range of Values for Window Limits ......................................... 2-45

3-1 .................................................................................................... 3-13

5-1 Zero Set Specifications .............................................................. 5-4

5-2 Noise Multiplier......................................................................... 5-7

5-3 Power Sensor Specifications± . ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ....... ..... 5-8

5-4 Settling Time ............................................................................. 5-9

5-5 Settling Time ............................................................................. 5-10

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide Contents-7

Contents-8 Agilent E4418B User’s Guide

1

Getting Started

Getting Started

Introduction

Introduction

One of the first things yo u will want to do with your power meter is to
switch it on and become acquainted with its front panel. The sections in
this chapter prepare the power meter for use and help you get familiar
with some of the front panel operations.

The front panel consists of both hardkeys and softkeys which allow you to
select various funct ions an d opera tions. When so me hardkeys are se lect ed
the corresponding softkey labels are displayed on the power mete r display.

If you are using the power meter remotely refer to the Agilent
Technologies E4418B/4419B Programming Guide for remote operating
details.

1-2 Agilent E4418B User’s Guide

Getting Started

Turning On the Power Meter

Turning On the Power Meter

The following steps show you how to turn on the power meter and verify
that it is operating correctly.

1. Connect the power cord and turn on the power meter.

The front panel display and the green power LED light up when

the power meter is switched on. The power meter performs it’s

power on self test. If the self test is not successful the error

annunciator turns on. If this occurs contact your Agilent

T e chnologies Sales and Service office for instructions on returning

the power meter to Agilent Technologies for service.

Caution This instrument is designed for use in Installation Category II and

Pollution Degree 2 per IEC 1010 and 664 respectively.

Caution This instrument has an autoranging line voltage input, be sure

the supply voltage is within the range of 85 to 264 Vac.

Note If the power meter has been stored a t extremely l ow temperature s

outwith the operating range of the power meter, the display may
take a few minutes to operat e.

2. Set the display contrast if required.

The display contrast is adjusted by pressing and . If

these softkeys are not displayed press repeatedly until they

Prev

appear.

3. Connect a power sensor.

Connect one end of the sensor cable to the power meter’s channel

input and the other end to the power sensor.

4. Making a measurement.

A minimum warm up time of 30 minutes is recommended before

accurate measurements can be made.

Prior to making your first measurement you must zero and

calibrate the sensor and meter combination. Refer to Chapter 2 for

further information if you are not familiar with zeroing,

calibrating or making measurements with a power meter.

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide 1-3

Getting Started

The Front Panel at a Glance

The Front Panel at a Glance

101112

9

1

2

3

4

Preset

1.

Local

5

67

8

This hardkey allows you to preset the power meter if you are
currently working in local mode (that is, front panel operation). In
local mode a confirmation pop up window is displayed prior to a
preset being carried out. However, if you are in remote mode (that
is, GP-IB, RS232 or RS422 operation), then pressing this hardkey
places the power meter in local mode provided local lock out (LLO)
is not enabled.

2. Hardkeys relating to the display layo ut.

This hardkey allows you to sel ect the upper or lower
measurement window on the power meter’s display. The window
which is selected is highlighted by a shadowed box. Any
measurement setup you create is implemented in the selected
window.

This hardkey allows you to choose either a one or a two
window display.

1-4 Agilent E4418B User’s Guide

Getting Started

Frequency
Cal Fac

The Front Panel at a Glance

3.

This hardkey switches the power meter between on and standby.
When the power meter is switched to standby (that is, when this
hardkey has not been selected but the line power is connected to
the instrument) the red LED is lit. When the power meter is
switched on the green LED is lit.

Option 001 Battery: On standby with the battery installed and the
ac power source disconnected the red LED is off.

4. “System/Inputs” hardkey with softkey menu.

System

The hardkey allows access to softkey menus which affect

Inputs

the general power meter system setup, (for example the GP-IB
address) and also to softkey menus which effect the setup of the
channel inputs. Refer to Chapter 3 for further information about
this hardkey and it’s softkey menu.

Save

5.

Recall

This hardkey is the only one that is completely dedicated to the
control of the power meter as a system. The only other hardkey
which affects system parameters is the hardkey. Refer to

System
Inputs

Chapter 3 for further information about this hardkey and it’s
softkey menu.

6. Dedicated “Window” hardkeys with softkey menus.

Meas
Setup

Rel

, ,

Offset

dBm/W

These hardkeys allow access to softkey menus which affect the
setup of the measurement windows. Refer to Chapte r 3 for further
information about these hardkeys and their softkey menus.

7. Dedicated “Channel” hardkeys with softkey menus.

Zero

,

Cal

These hardkeys allow access to softkey menus which affect the
measurement channel. Refer to Chapter 3 for further information
about these hardkeys and their softkey menus.

8. Channel Input.

The Agilent E4418B has one sensor input. Power meters
configured with options 002 or 003 have the sensor inputs on the
rear panel and the front panel.

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide 1-5

Getting Started

The Front Panel at a Glance

9. POWER REF Output.

The power reference output is a 50 Ω type N connector. The output
signal of 1 mW at 50 MHz is used for calibrating the sensor and
meter combination. Power meters configured with option 003 have
the power reference on the rear panel.

10. Arrow hardkeys.

, , and hardkeys allow you to move the
position of the cursor, select fields for editing, and edit
alphanumeric characters. Refer to Chapter 3 for further
information.

11. Menu related hardkeys.

More

This hardkey allows you to move through all pages of a
menu. The bottom right of the power meter display indicates the
number of pages in the menu. For example, if “1 of 2” is
displayed, pressing moves you to “2 of 2”. Pressing
again moves you back to “1 of 2”.

Prev

This hardkey allows you to move back one level in the
softkey menu. Repeatedly pressing accesses a menu which
allows you to increase and decrease the display contrast.

More More

Prev

12. Softkeys.

These four keys are used to make a selection from the menus.

1-6 Agilent E4418B User’s Guide

Getting Started

The Display Layout

The Display Layout

The following figure details the display layout when two measurement
windows are displayed, one analog and one digital. However it is possible
using the

key to display just o ne measurement window.

14

13

9101112

1

2
3

4

5

1. The status reporting line displays five fields, three associated with
either GP-IB, RS232 or RS422 status and two associated with
error and warning conditions. The first field displays either “RMT”
(remote, GP-IB, RS232 or RS422 operation) or “LCL” (local, front
panel operation).

For GP-IB operation, the second field displays “TLK” if the power
meter is addressed to talk or “LSN” if it is addressed to listen. The
third field indicates an “SRQ” (service request).

For RS232 and RS422 operation, the second field displays “RX”
when data is being recei ved. The third field displays “TX” when the
power meter is transmitting data.

8

7

6

The fourth field indicates “ERR” for any error conditions. The last
field is used to report error and warning messages.

2. The measurement data is di splayed in either one or two
rectangular windows depending on the setting of . Pressing

allows you to toggle bet ween a one or two window display.

When two windows are displayed and this hardkey is pressed the

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide 1-7

Getting Started

The Display Layout

single window then displayed is the one which was previously
highlighted with the shadowed box. On the two window display
the measurement setup menus work on the window which is
shadowed.

3. This is the measurement result field.

4. This field displays the units of measurement, either dBm, dB,
Watts or %.

5. This window is configured to show an analog meter which displays
the measurement result and the meter scaling.

6. This field displays the number of pages in the current softkey
menu. For example, “1 of 2” indicates tha t there are two pages of
softkeys and you are on the first page. Pressing moves you

More

to page “2 of 2”.

7. Any softkeys available are displayed in these four fields.

8. This field displays the title of the menu. For example, when the
power meter is initially switched on the “Contrast” menu is
displayed, and, if you press “Zero/Cal” is displayed.

Zero
Cal

9. This field indicates if the measurement result is outwith the upper
or lower limits set. If the measurement is within the limits this
field is empty. If the measurement result is less than the mi nimum
limit set, “Undr Lmt” is displayed. If the measurement result is
more than the maximum limit set, “Over Lmt” is displayed. Refer
to “Setting Measurement Limits”, on page 2-43 for further
information.

10. This field displays “Rel” if relative mode is on. Refer to “Making
Relative Measurements”, on page 2-34 for further information.

1 1. This field displays “Ofs” if an offset is set. Refer to “Setting

Offsets”, on page 2-36 for further information.

12. This field displays “Rng Hld” i f a range is selected. Refer to
“Setting the Range”, on page 2-52 for further information.

13. This field displays “Dty Cyc” if a duty cycle is set. This allows you
to measure the power of a pulsed signal. Refer to “Measuring
Pulsed Signals”, on page 2-41 for further information.

14. Theinformation in this field is displayed on two lines and depends
on thecombination of sensor type, sensor calibration table and
frequency dependent offset table currently selected. Table 1-1
shows all the possible combinations for the two lines of the display .
Find the table entry which matches your display and use the
reference number in the left-hand column to look up Table 1-2 for
the combination of sensor type and correction being applied to the

1-8 Agilent E4418B User’s Guide

Getting Started

The Display Layout

current measurement.
For example, the display shows:

50MHz

(10,C)
This is equivalent to reference number 4 in Table 1-1 and when
looked up in Table 1-2 shows that:

• the sensor type is 8480 series

• a sensor calibration table is selected (10)

• a frequency dependent offset table is selected(C).

Tabl e 1-1

Reference

Number

1
2
3
4
5
6

Where “y” is the frequency multiplier (M or G), “nn” is the
sensor calibration table number and “a” i s th e f requency
dependent offset table letter.

Upper

Display Line

Lower

Display Line

CF:xxx.x%
CF:xxx.x% xxx.xyHz(a)
xxx.xyHz (nn)
xxx.xyHz (nn,a)
xxx.xyHz
xxx.xyHz (a)

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide 1-9

Getting Started

The Display Layout

Tabl e 1-2

Reference

Number

1
2
3
4
5
6

Sensor

Series

8480
Series
Sensors

E-Series
Sensors

Sensor

Correction

Directly entered
Calibration Factor

Frequency dependent

- from selected sensor
calibration table

Frequency dependent

- downloaded directly
from sensor

Frequency Dependent

Offset Correction

None
From offset table
None
From offset table
None
From offset table

1-10 Agilent E4418B User’s Guid e

Getting Started

The Display Layout

Selecting Your Display Layout

Your power meter display is extremely flexible. It can be used to display a
variety of different mea sureme nts an d wind ows dep ending on y our needs.
The following diagram details th e various options available to you.

Display

Select using

Digital

Display

One Window

Meas
Setup

Select using
, Display Format

Analog

Display

Digital

Display

Upper

Window

Two Windows

Select using

Meas

, Display Format

Setup

Analog

Display

Select using

Digital

Display

Lower

Window

Analog

Display

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide 1-11

Getting Started

The Display Layout

Display Tutorial

If you wish to experiment with the display layout before you move on to
make measurements, the following procedure guid es yo u through a few of
the display setups you can choose.

1.Press , .

Preset
Local

Confirm

Notice that the upper window (which

has a digital display) is the one which

is highlighted by the dark box.

2.Press . The display remains the

same apart from the f act tha t it is now

the lower window (which is an analog

display) that is highlighted by the dark

box.

3.Press . The display now only

shows the one window. This is the

analog window which, in the previous

step was selected with the key.

4.Press , ,

Meas
Setup

Meter Dgtl Anlg

Display Format

(Dgtl should be
highlighted). The display shows a
digital window.

5.Press . The disp lay now shows
two digital windows.

1-12 Agilent E4418B User’s Guid e

Getting Started

The Display Layout

6.Press . The upper window is
now the selected window and is
highlighted by the black box.

7.Press (Anlg

Meter Dgtl Anlg

should be highlighted). The upper
window now displays an analog meter.

8.Select the digital display using .

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide 1-13

Getting Started

Window Symbols

Window Symbols

There are a number of different graphic sy mbols and po p up windows that
can occur on the power meter display. These can occur for a variety of
reasons such as when:

• an error or warning occurs.

• a confirmation is required.

• you are required to wait while the power meter carries out a

procedure.

• you are required to select an entry from a list.

• you are required to enter an alphanumeric value.

Warning Symbol

The warning symbol is displayed either directly in the
measurement window or in a pop up window when such
an event occurs. A pop up window is displayed for
approximately two s econds. The text in the pop up
window gives details of the warning type. This symbol
may also appear on a me as uremen t window, for example,
to indicate that a power sensor is not connected.

Confirmation Window

This pop up window is displa yed when
you are required to press to
verify your previous selection. For
example, prior to a preset being
carried out.

Confirm

Wait Symbol

The wait symbol is displayed when the power meter is carrying
out a procedure but no action is required from you. The symbol
may appear directly in the measurement window or in a pop up
window. It may appear, for example, during, zeroing or
calibration.

1-14 Agilent E4418B User’s Guid e

1 of N Entry Window

This pop up window is displayed when
you are required to select an entry using

and from the list.

Numeric or Alphanumeric Entry Window

This pop up window is displayed when
you are required to modify numeric or
alphanumeric data. The and
keys move the position of the cursor.
The and keys increment and
decrement the alphanumeric digit on
which the cursor is currently
positioned.

Getting Started

Window Symbols

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide 1-15

Getting Started

The Rear Panel at a Glance

The Rear Panel at a Glance

123

N279

9 8

7

6

10

4

5

1. Channel A (Option 002 or 003 only)

2. Power Ref (Option 003 only)

The power reference output is a 50 Ω type N connector. The output
signal is used for calibrating the sensor meter combination.

3. Recorder Output

This output produces a dc voltage that corresponds to the power
level of the channel input. Refer to “Recorder Output”, on
page 2-59 for further information.

4. Power socket

This power meter has an auto configuring power supply. This
allows it to operate over a range of voltages without manually
being set to a certain voltage.

5. Fuse

An F3.15AH fuse is installed for all voltage supplies.

6. GP-IB

This connector allows the power meter to be controlled remotely
using the General Purpose Interface Bus.

7. RS232/422

This connector allows the power meter to be controlled remotely
using either the RS232 or RS422 serial interface standards.

1-16 Agilent E4418B User’s Guid e

Getting Started

The Rear Panel at a Glance

8. Serial Label

Each power meter has it’s own individual identification number.
Refer to “Instrument serial numbers”, on page 2-75 for further
information.

9. Rmt I/O

This connector is an RJ-45 series shielded modular jack assembly.
It provides a TTL logic level outpu t when a measurement exceeds
a predeterm ined limit. TTL inputs are also provided to initiate
zero and calibration cycles.

10. Ground Connector

Binding post, accepts 4 mm plug or bare-wire connection.

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide 1-17

Getting Started

Adjusting the Carrying Handle

Adjusting the Carrying Handle

To adjust the position, grasp the handle by the sides and pull outward.
Rotate the handle to the desired position.

Bench top viewing positions Carrying position

1-18 Agilent E4418B User’s Guid e

Getting Started

Rack Mounting the Power Meter

Rack Mounting the Power Meter

You can mount the power meter in a standard 19 inch rack cabinet using
one of three optional kits. Instructions and mounting hardware are
included with each rack mounting kit. Any Agilent System II instrument
can be rack mounted beside the Agilent E4418B power meter.

To rack mount the power meter:

1. Remove the handle by rotating it to the vertical position and
pulling the ends outward

2. Remove the rubber bumper by stretching a corner and sliding it
off.

Front

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide 1-19

Rear (bottom view)

Getting Started

Rack Mounting the Power Meter

To rack mount a single instrument, order option 908, or adapter kit
5063-9240.

To rack mount two instruments side by side, order option 909, or lock-link
kit 5061-9694 and flange kit 5063-9212.

To install one or two instruments in a sliding support shelf, order shelf
5063-9255, and slide kit 1494-0015 (for a single instrument, also order
filler panel 5002-3999).

1-20 Agilent E4418B User’s Guid e

2

Power Meter Operation

Power Meter Operation

Introduction

Introduction

This chapter describes the parameters which configure the power me ter to
make measurements and help you determine settings to optimize
performance. This chapter contains the following sections:

•“Battery Operation (Option 001)”, on page 2-3

•“Zeroing and Calibrating the Power Meter”, on page 2-7.

•“Calibrating the Power Meter”, on page 2-8.

•“Making Measurements with the Agilent E-Series Power
Sensors”, on page 2-15.

•“Making Measurements with the Agilent 8480 Series Power
Sensors”, on page 2-17.

•“Making Measurements using Sensor Calibration Tables”, on

page 2-19.

•“Making Measurements using Frequency Dependent Offset
Tables”, on page 2-27

•“Setting the Units of Measurement”, on page 2-32.

•“Selecting Units of Measure ment from th e Softkey s”, on page 2-33.

•“Making Relative Measurements”, on page 2-34.

•“Setting the Resolution”, on page 2-35.

•“Setting Offsets”, on page 2-36.

•“Setting Averaging”, on page 2-38.

•“Measuring Pulsed Signals”, on page 2-41.

•“Setting Measurement Limits”, on page 2-43.

•“Selecting a Digital or Analog Display”, on page 2-49.

•“Setting the Range”, on page 2-52.

•“Configuring the Remote Interface”, on page 2-53.

•“Recorder Output”, on page 2-59.

•“Saving and Recalling Power Meter Configurations”, on page 2-61.

•“How Measurements are Calculated”, on page 2-63

•“Presetting the Power Meter”, on page 2-64.

•“Self Test”, on page 2-66.

•“Operator Maintenance”, on page 2-73.

•“Contacting Agilent Technologies”, on page 2-74.

2-2 Agilent E4418B User’s Guide

Power Meter Operation

More

Battery Operation (Option 001)

Battery Operation (Option 001)

The battery option (001) allows the power meter to be used in operating
environments where there is no convenient access to an ac power source.

General Information

With the battery option installed and the power meter connected to an ac
power source, the meter operates from the ac source and the battery runs
in a controlled charge mode.

If the meter is powered up under battery power, or if ac power is lost while
connected to an ac source, a pop up window displays the message
“Running Under Battery Power”. When this screen is visible the backlight
mode (see “Backlight”, on page 2-4) is over-ridden and the backlight is on
continuously. Pressing the softkey returns the display to the
previous screen.

Carry Case

Continue

A soft carry/operating case is available which makes it easy to transport
and operate your power meter in installation and maintenance
environments. To obtain a carry case order Agilent part number 34141A.

Caution Do not attempt to recharge the power meter or operate the power

meter from an ac power source while it is contained in the carry
case.

Running Time

A fully charged battery will typically allow the power meter to be used
continuously for up to 3 hours with the backlight off and 2 hours with the
backlight on.

Battery Status

You can check the status of the battery by pressing , ,

Service

, , . The Battery Status display (Figure 2-1 )

Battery

System
Inputs

shows the charge condition of the battery represented on an analog meter
scale. Below the analog scale is a message indicating the estimated power
meter running time under battery operation with the present charge level.

More

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide 2-3

Power Meter Operation

Battery Operation (Option 001)

Running time can be increased by operating the power meter with the
display backlight turned off (see “Backlight”, on page 2-4 ).

Figure 2-1: Battery Status

When the power meter is running on battery power and there are less
than 10 minutes of run-time remaining, the message “Battery Low”
appears at the top of the screen. In addition, a pop up window appears
every minute with the message “Battery Power Low”.

Charging Times

The battery charges automatically when the power meter is connected to
an ac source. From an empty state the battery is fully charged in less than
2 hours. After approximately 50 minutes the battery has enough charge to
enable 1 hour of operation with the backlight on. After approximately 35
minutes the battery has enough charge to enable 1 hour of operation with
the backlight off.

Backlight

When you are operating the power meter under battery power you can
turn the display b acklig ht o ff or on, o r set it to ti med mo de. In ti med mo de
the display backlight turns off 10 minutes after the last key press - the
display can be turned on again by pressing any key.

Working with the backlight off reduces the drain on the battery and
increases the operating time available by approximately 50%. The display
can be comfortably read in ambient daylight with the backlight off.

2-4 Agilent E4418B User’s Guide

Power Meter Operation

Battery Operation (Option 001)

T o access the backlight menu press , , , .

System
Inputs

Use the softkeys on the menu to select either , , or .

More Service Battery

On Off Timed

Note If the power meter is connected to an ac power source the

backlight menu is greyed out and the backlight is permanently on.

Battery Removal/Replacement

The battery unit is easily removed and replaced. Follow the instructions
given in Figure 2-2. To obtain a replacement battery unit order Agilent
part number E9287A (this can only be used in power meters with option
001 installed).

WARNING This product uses a Nickel Metal Hydride batt ery.

Do not short circuit the battery terminals.
Do not subject the battery to excessive heat.
Do not dispose of by burning.
Refer to your local country regulatory requirements on the
disposal of Nickel Metal Hydride batteries.

Caution Observe static precautions while removing and replacing the

battery module.

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide 2-5

Power Meter Operation

Battery Operation (Option 001)

Figure 2-2: Battery Removal/Replacement

2

1. Using a flat headed screwdriver, turn the two spring-loaded catches one
quarter turn anticlockwise.

2. Holding the catches, pull the battery assembly clear of its slot in the power
meter.

3. Support the closure assembly on a flat surface.

4. Pinch the release tab between finger and thumb while -

5. lightly pressing down on the battery module.

Replacing the battery is basically a reversal of the removal procedure.

5

4

Release Tab

Battery

Module

1

Closure
Assembly

3

2-6 Agilent E4418B User’s Guide

Power Meter Operation

Zero
Cal

System
Inputs

Zeroing and Calibrating the Power Meter

Zeroing and Calibrating the Power Meter

This section describes how to zero and calibrate the power meter . Y ou
should always zero the power meter prior to calibrating it.

Zeroing the Power Meter

Zeroing adjusts the power meter for a zero power reading with no power
applied to the power sensor. During zeroing, which takes approximately
10 seconds, the wait symbol is displayed.

To zero the power meter:

1. Press , . During zeroing the wait symbol is displayed.

Zero

When to Zero?

Zeroing of the power meter is recommended:

0

• when a 5

C change in temperature occurs.

• when you change the power sen sor.

• every 24 hours.

• prior to measuring low level signals. For example, 10 dB above the

lowest specified power for your power sensor.

Zero/Cal Lockout

The Zero/Cal Lockout facilty provides a means of ensuring that a
measurement cannot be taken until the connected sensor has been zeroed
and calibrated. If the Zero/Cal Lockout facilty is enabled and a sensor is
connected which has not been zeroed and calibrated, then the display
window for the sensor will dis p la y the message “Please Zero + Cal ChA”.

If you zero the sensor before calibrating it, the message changes to “Please
Cal ChA”.

If you calibrate the sensor before zeroing it, the message changes to
“Please Zero ChA”.

The Zero/Cal Lockout facility can be enabled/disabled through either the
System Inputs menu or the Zero Cal menu as follows:

Press , , or .

More

Must Cal Off On

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide 2-7

Power Meter Operation

Zeroing and Calibrating the Power Meter

Zero

Press , , or .

Cal

More

Must Cal Off On

Calibrating the Power Meter

Calibration sets the gain of the power meter using a 50 MHz 1 mW
calibrator as a traceable power reference. The power meter’s POWER REF
output or a suitable external reference is used as the signal source for
calibration. An essential part of calibrating is setting the correct reference
calibration factor for the power sensor you are using. The Agilent 8480
series power sensors require you to set the reference calibration factor.
The Agilent E-series power sensors set the reference calibration factor
automatically. During calibration the wait symbol is displayed. Offset,
relative and duty cycle settings are ignored during calibration.

Note During calibration the power meter automatically switches the

power reference calibrator on (if it is not already on), then after
calibration it switches it to the state it was in prior to the
calibration.

Calibration Procedure Using Agilent E-Series Power
Sensors

The following procedure describ es how you calibra te the power meter wi th
an Agilent E-series power sensor. Since the power meter automatically
downloads the Agilent E-series power sensor’s calibration table there is n o
requirement to enter the reference calibration factor. The power meter
identifies that an Agilent E-series power sensor is connected and will not
allow you to select certain softkeys. The text on these softkeys appears
grayed out.

1. Press .

2. Connect the power sensor to the POWER REF output.

3. Press to calibrate the power meter. During calibration the
wait symbol is displayed. (The power meter automatically turns
on the POWER REF output.)

Example

To calibrate the power meter with an Agilent E-series power sensor.

2-8 Agilent E4418B User’s Guide

Zero
Cal

Cal

• Press .

Zero
Cal

Cal

System
Inputs

Zero
Cal

• Connect the power sensor to the POWER REF output.

• Press .

Calibration Procedure using Agilent 8480 Series Power
Sensors

The following procedure describ es how you calibra te the power meter wi th
the Agilent 8480 series power sensors.

Note V8486A and W8486A sensors

For most 8480 series sensors the correct (A type or D type)
linearity correction table is automatically selected. However, for
the V8486A and W8486A sensors the automatic selection must be
overriden and the D type correction selected. Subsequent
connection of another A type sensor will result in a warning
message st ating that “Linearity Override May be Required”.

Power Meter Operation

Zeroing and Calibrating the Power Meter

To select the linearity type to be applied:
Press , , or .

Tables Linearity ATyp DTyp

There are a variety of methods to connect the power sensors to the power
meter depending on the model of power sensor you are using. Refer to
Table 2-1 on page 2-11 for details on connecting different power sensor
models.

1. Press .

2. Verify the reference calibration factor of your power sensor with
that displayed under . The value shown is obtained from

Ref CF

the sensor calibration table if one is selected, otherwise it is the
last value set or the default of 100%. If the value is not correct

Ref CF

press . The power meter displays the reference calibration
factor in a pop up window. Modify this reference calibration factor
(see below) as desired.

■ Use or to modify the digit on which the cursor is

currently positioned.

■ Use or to move to other digits.

3. To confirm your choice press .

%

4. Connect the power sensor to the POWER REF output.

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide 2-9

Power Meter Operation

Ref CF

Zeroing and Calibrating the Power Meter

5. Press to calibrate the power meter. During calibration the

Cal

wait symbol is displayed. (The power meter automatically turns
on the POWER REF output.)

Example

To calibrate the power meter with a power sensor whose reference
calibration factor is 99.8%.

• Press .

Zero
Cal

• Press . Use the , , and hardkeys to
enter 99.8. Press .

%

• Connect the power sensor to the POWER REF output.

• Press .

Cal

2-10 Agilent E4418B User’s Guid e

Power Meter Operation

Zeroing and Calibrating the Power Meter

Tabl e 2- 1: Conne cting the Agilent 8480 Series Power Sensors During Ca librat ion

Sensor Model Connection Requirements

Agilent 8481A
Agilent 8481H
Agilent 8482A
Agilent 8482H

Agilent 8481D
Agilent 8484A

Agilent 8483A This power sensor requires a 7 5 Ω (f ) to 50 Ω (m) N-Type adapter

Agilent R8486A
Agilent Q8486A
Agilent V8486A
Agilent W8486A
Agilent R8486D
Agilent Q8486D

Agilent 8481B
Agilent 8482B

Agilent 8485A This power sensor requires an APC 3.5 (f) to 50 Ω (m) N-Type

Agilent 8485D Prior to the power meter being zeroed and calibrated an Agilent

Agilent 8487A This power sensor requires an APC 2.4 (f) to 50 Ω (m) N-Type

Agilent 8487D Prior to the power meter being zeroed and calibrated an Agilent

These power sensors connect directly to the reference calibrator.

Prior to the power meter being calibrated an Agilent 11708A
30 dB reference attenuator should be connected between the
power sensor and the reference calibrator. This attenuator must
be removed from the power sensor input prior to making
measurements.

(1250-0597) to connect to the reference calibrator. This adapter
must be removed from the power sensor input prior to making
measurements.

The waveguide power sensors have two connectors. The N-Type
connector is the one which is used to calibrate the power meter.

These power senors are configured with an attenuator. Prior to
the power meter being calibrated, this attenuator must be
removed. The attenuator must be reconnected prior to making
measurements.

adapter (08485-60005) to connect to the reference calibrator.

11708A 30 dB reference attenuator and an APC 3.5 (f) to 50 Ω
(m) N-Type adapter (08485-60005) should be connected between
the power sensor and the reference calibrator. This attenuator
must be removed from the power sensor input prior to making
measurements.

adapter (08487-60001) to connect to the power meter.

11708A 30 dB reference attenuator and an APC 2.4 (f) to 50 Ω
(m) N-Type adapter (08487-60001) should be connected between
the power sensor and the reference calibrator. This attenuator
must be removed from the power sensor input prior to making
measurements.

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide 2-11

Power Meter Operation

Zeroing and Calibrating the Power Meter

Zeroing and Calibrating Using TTL Inputs

You can use the TTL inputs on the rear panel Rmt I/O port to i nit iate zer o
and calibration cycles on the power meter. The connector is an RJ-45
series shielded modular jack with the TTL input pins connected as shown
in Figure 2-3.

Figure 2-3: Rmt I/O Port TTL Inputs

Pin Number Connection

1none
2 Ground
3 Upper Window TTL Output
4 Lower Window TTL Output
5 TTL Input 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

6 TTL Input 2
7 Ground
8 Ground

The TTL inputs are active low and control the zero and calibration
functions as shown in Table 2-2

Table 2-2: TTL Inputs Control Logic

Input 1 Input 2 Operation

11None
1 0 CAL
0 1 ZERO
0 0 CAL

2-12 Agilent E4418B User’s Guid e

Power Meter Operation

Zeroing and Calibrating the Power Meter

Effective control of the zero and calibration cycles using the TTL inputs
depends on correct timing of the input signals as shown in Table 2-3 and
Table 2-4.

Table 2- 3: TTL Input Ti ming Diagram 1

Timing of zero/cal inputs for conditions “01” and “10”.

Input

Operation

T1

T2

T3

T4

Time Description Value

T1 Minimum width of inp ut 300 ms
T2 Time between input detection and start of zero/cal

cycle. This is determined by the number of
averages x sample rate, or if there is an existing
zero/cal operation in progress, the time for this
current operation to complete. Note that the
worst case is 1024 averages x 50 ms = 51.2 s. For
front panel operation (in free run mode) the time
is 1 x 50 ms.

T3 Maximum width of input. Longer inputs may

cause a subsequent zero/cal operation some time
after the current one is complete.

T4 Time for zero/cal operation to complete. Zero: 10 s (8480 series)

All timings based on 100 ms firmware polling.

Max: 50 ms (typical)
Min: 0 ms

4 s

12 s (E series)

Cal: 6 s (8480 series)

7 s (E series)

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide 2-13

Power Meter Operation

Zeroing and Calibrating the Power Meter

Table 2-4 : TTL Inputs T iming Diag ram 2

Timing of zero/cal inputs for condition “00”.

Inputs

Operation

T5

T6

T7

T8

Time Description Value

T5 Maximum time between inputs going low. 100 ms
T6 Minimum overlap of low inputs. 200 ms
T7 Time between input detection and start of zero/cal

cycle. This is determined by the number of
averages x sample rate, or if there is an existing
zero/cal operation in progress, the time for this
current operation to complete. Note that the
worst case is 1024 averages x 50 ms = 51.2 s. For
front panel operation (in free run mode) the time
is 1 x 50 ms.

T8 Time for cal operation to complete. Cal: 6 s (8480 series)

All timings based on 100 ms firmware polling.
If both TTL inputs are simultaneously low under any circumstances other than those
shown above, the opera tion is undefined.

4 s

7 s (E series)

2-14 Agilent E4418B User’s Guid e

Power Meter Operation

Zero
Cal

Zero

Cal

Making Measurements with the Agilent E-Series Power Sensors

Making Measurements with the Agilent E-Series
Power Sensors

This section describes how t o make conti nuous wa ve mea s urements using
the Agilent E-series power sensors. The Agi len t E-series po w er se nso r s
have their sensor calibration tables stored in EEPROM. This allows the
frequency and calibration data to be downloaded to the power meter
automatically.

To make measurements, perform the following steps:

1. Zero and calibrate the power meter.

2. Set the frequency for the signal you want to measure.

3. Take a reading.

Procedure

The following procedure details how to make a measurement on channel A
of the power meter.

1. Ensure that no power is applied to the power sensor.

2. Press .

3. Press . During zeroing, which takes approximately 10
seconds, the wait symbol is displayed.

4. Connect the power sensor to the POWER REF output.

5. Press to calibrate the power meter. During calibration the
wait symbol is displayed. (The power meter automatically turns
on the POWER REF output.)

6. Press . The current setting of the frequency is displayed
under the softkey.

7. To change this setting press . The power meter displays the

Frequency
Cal Fac

Freq

Freq

frequency in a pop up window. Modify this frequency (see below)
as desired.

■ Use or to modify the digit on which the cursor is

currently positioned.

■ Use or to move to other digits.

8. To confirm your choice press the appropriate frequency units.

9. Connect the power sensor to the signal to be measured.

10. The measurement result is now displayed.

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide 2-15

Power Meter Operation

Frequency
Cal Fac

Making Measurements with the Agilent E-Series Power Sensors

Example

To make a measurement using an Agilent E-series power sensor. The
frequency of the signal to be measured is 100 MHz.

• Disconnect the power sensor from any source.

• Press .

• Press .

Zero
Cal

Zero

• Connect the power sensor to the POWER REF output.

• Press .

• Press , . Use the , , and

Cal

Freq

hardkeys to enter 100. Press .

MHz

• Connect the power sensor to the signal to be measured.

• The measurement result i s now displayed.

2-16 Agilent E4418B User’s Guid e

Power Meter Operation

Zero
Cal

Zero

Making Measurements with the Agilent 8480 Series Power Sensors

Making Measurements with the Agilent 8480 Series
Power Sensors

This section applies to all Agilent 8480 series power sensors. It does not
apply to the Agilent E-series power sensors.

For the Agilent 8480 series power sensors there are two methods of
providing correction data to the power meter:

A inputting the individual calibration factor for a frequency prior to

making the measurement, or

B using sensor calibration tables.

This section describes how to make measurements without using sensor
calibration tables, that is, inputting the individual calibration factor for a
frequency prior to making the measurement. This method i s
advantageous if you are only measuring at one frequency, as entering all
the calibration data in this instance is not required.

To make measurements without sensor calibration tables perform the
following steps:

1. Zero and calibrate the power meter. Before carrying out the
calibration you must set the reference calibration factor of the
power sensor.

2. Set the calibration factor value for the frequency of the signal you
want to measure.

3. Take a reading.

Procedure

The following procedure details how to make a measurement on
channel A.

1. Ensure that no power is applied to the power sensor.

2. Press .

3. Press . During zeroing, which takes approximately 10
seconds, the wait symbol is displayed.

4. Connect the power sensor to the POWER REF output.

5. The current setting of the reference calibration factor is displayed
under the softkey. To change this setting press .
The power meter displays the reference calibration factor in a pop

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide 2-17

Ref CF Ref CF

Power Meter Operation

Frequency
Cal Fac

Cal Fac

Ref CF

Frequency
Cal Fac

Making Measurements with the Agilent 8480 Series Power Sensors

up window. Modify this reference calibration factor (see below) as
desired.

■ Use or to modify the digit on which the cursor is

currently positioned.

■ Use or to move to other digits.

6. To confirm your choice press .

7. Press to calibrate the power meter. During calibration the

Cal

%

wait symbol is displayed. (The power meter automatically turns
on the POWER REF output.)

8. Press . The current setting of the calibration factor is
displayed under the softkey. To change this setting

Cal Fac

press . The power meter displays the calibration factor
in a pop up window. Modify this calibration factor (see below) as
desired.

■ Use or to modify the digit on which the cursor is

currently positioned.

■ Use or to move to other digits.

9. To confirm your choice press .

%

10. Connect the power sensor to the signal to be measured.

11. The measurement result is now displayed.

Example

To make a measurement on channel A with a power sensor which has a
reference calibration factor of 99.8% and a calibration factor of 97.8% at
the measurement frequency.

• Disconnect the power sensor from any source.

• Press .

• Press .

Zero
Cal

Zero

• Press . Use the , , and hardkeys to
enter 99.8. Press .

%

• Connect the power sensor to the POWER REF output.

• Press .

• Press , . Use the , , and

Cal

Cal Fac

hardkeys to enter 97.8. Press .

%

• Connect the power sensor to the signal to be measured.

• The measurement result i s now displayed.

2-18 Agilent E4418B User’s Guid e

Power Meter Operation

Making Measurements using Sensor Calibration Tables

Making Measurements using Sensor Calibration
Tables

This section applies to all Agilent 8480 series power sensors. It does not
apply to the Agilent E-series power sensors.

For the Agilent 8480 series power sensors there are two methods of
providing correction data to the power meter:

A inputting the individual calibration factor for a frequency prior to

making the measurement, or

B using sensor calibration tables.

This section describes how to use sensor calibra tion tables. Sensor
calibration tables are used to store the measurement calibration factors,
supplied with each power sensor, in the power meter. These calibration
factors are used to correct measurement results.

Using sensor calibration tables provides you with a quick and convenient
method for making power measurements over a rang e of frequencies using
one or more power sensors. The power meter is capable of storing 20
sensor calibration tables of 80 frequency points each.

To use sensor calibration tables you:

1. Select the table to work on a channel. Refer to “Selecting a Sensor
Calibration Table”, on page 2-19 for further information. If you
require to edit the table refer to “Editing Sensor Calibration
Tables”, on page 2-21 for further information.

2. Zero and calibrate the power meter. The reference calibration
factor used during the calibration is automatically set by the
power meter from the sensor calibration table.

3. Specify the frequency of the signal you want to measure. The
calibration factor is automatically set by the power meter from the
sensor calibration table. Refer to “Making the Measurement”, on
page 2-20 for further information.

4. Make the measurement.

Selecting a Sensor Calibration Table

You can select a sensor calibration table for use by pressing ,

Tables Sensor Cal Tables Table Off On

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide 2-19

, , . The “State” field

System
Inputs

Power Meter Operation

Frequency
Cal Fac

Making Measurements using Sensor Calibration Tables

indicates if any sensor calibration tables are currently selected. The
“Sensor Tbls” screen is displayed as shown in Figure 2-4.

Figure 2-4: “Sensor Tbls” Screen

Making the Measurement

T o make the power measurement, you zero and calibrate the power meter,
then set it for the fre quency o f the s i gnal you want to mea sure. The pow er
meter automatically selects the calibration factor from the sensor
calibration table.

1. Press .

2. Press . During zeroing, which takes approximately 10

Zero
Cal

Zero

seconds, the wait symbol is displayed.

3. The setting of the reference calibration factor is obtained from the
sensor calibration table and displayed under the softkey.

Ref CF

4. Connect the power sensor to the POWER REF output.

5. Press to calibrate the power meter. During calibration the

Cal

wait symbol is displayed. (The power meter automatically turns
on the POWER REF output.)

6. Press . The current setting of the frequency is displayed
under the softkey.

7. To change this setting press . The power meter displays the

Freq

Freq

frequency in a pop up window. Modify this frequency (see below)
as desired.

■ Use or to modify the digit on which the cursor is

currently positioned.

■ Use or to move to other digits.

2-20 Agilent E4418B User’s Guid e

Power Meter Operation

System
Inputs

Making Measurements using Sensor Calibration Tables

8. To confirm your choice press the appropriate frequency unit.

9. Connect the power sensor to the signal to be measured.

10. The measurement result is now displayed.

Note If the measurement frequency does not correspond directly to a

frequency in the sensor calibration table, the power meter
calculates the calibration factor using linear interpolation.

If you enter a frequency outside th e frequency ra nge defined i n the
sensor calibration table, the power meter uses the highest or
lowest frequency point in the sensor calibration table to set the
calibration factor.

The value of the calibration factor being used by the power meter
to make a measurement is displayed under the softkey.

Cal Fac

Editing Sensor Calibration Ta bles

You can edit sensor calibration tables using the “Edit Cal” menu as shown
in Figure 2-5.

To view the sensor calibration tables currently stored in the power meter,
press , , . The “Sensr Tbls” screen is

Tables Sensor Cal Tables

displayed as shown in Figure 2-4.

Figure 2-5: “Edit Cal” Screen

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide 2-21

Power Meter Operation

Making Measurements using Sensor Calibration Tables

The power meter is shipped with a set of predefined sensor calibration
tables. The data in these tables is based on statistical averages for a range
of Agilent Technologies power sensors.

These power sensors are:

• DEFAULT

1

• Agilent 8481A

• Agilent 8482A

2

• Agilent 8483A

• Agilent 8481D

• Agilent 8485A

• Agilent R8486A

• Agilent Q8486A

• Agilent R8486D

• Agilent 8487A

There are also ten sensor calibration tables named CUSTOM_0 through
CUSTOM_9 which do not contain any data when the power meter is
shipped from the factory.

You cannot delete any of the 20 sensor calibration tables. Each sensor
calibration table can contain a maximum of 80 frequency poi nts each. If
you want a new sensor calibration table you must edit an existing one.

To edit a table:

1. Select one using the and hardkeys to scroll through the
displayed tables. When the table you want to edit is high lighted

Edit Table

press . The “Edit Cal” screen is displayed as shown
in Figure 2-5 on page 2-21. In this screen you can modify, add and
remove frequency and calibration factors and also edit the table
name. Use the , , and hardkeys to move
between the table name and its frequency and calibration factors.

A frequency in the range of 0.001 MHz to 999.999 GHz can be
entered.

1. DEFAULT is a sensor calibration table in which the reference calibration
factor and calibration factors are 100%. This sensor calibration table can be
used during the performance testing of the power meter.

2. The Agilent 8482B and Agilent 8482H power sensors use the same data as
the Agilent 8482A.

2-22 Agilent E4418B User’s Guid e

Power Meter Operation

Done

Making Measurements using Sensor Calibration Tables

A calibration factor in the range of 1% to 150% can be entered.
The following rules apply to naming sensor calibration tables:

■ The name must consist of no more than 12 characters.

■ All characters must be upper or lower case alphabetic

characters, or numeric (0-9), or an underscore (_).

■ No other characters are allowed.

■ No spaces are allowed in the name.

2. To edit the parameter you currently have selected press .

Change

The power meter displays the data in a pop up window. Modify
this data (see below) as desired.

■ Use or to modify the character on which the cursor

is currently positioned.

■ Use or to move to other characters.

3. To confirm your choice press the appropriate softkey.

4. To add a new sensor calibration table entry press . Y ou are

Insert

prompted for the frequency and calibration factor. The entry is
sorted by frequency.

5. To remove a sensor calibration table entry use the , ,
and hardkeys to select the entry, press . If you

Delete

delete the frequency the equivalent calibration factor is also
removed and vice versa.

Note You can only edit the table name you cannot delete it.

6. When you have completed editing the sensor calibration table

press to return to the “Sensor Tbles” screen.

Note Ensure that the frequency points you use cover the frequency

range of the signals you want to measure. If you measure a signal
with a frequency ou tside the fre quency range d efined in t he senso r
calibration table, the power meter uses the highest or lowest
frequency point in the sensor calibration table to calculate the
calibration factor.

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide 2-23

Power Meter Operation

Making Measurements using Sensor Calibration Tables

The following lists detail the contents of the predefined sensor calibration
tables.

DEFAULT Agilent 8482A

RCF 100 RCF 98

0.1 MHz 100 0.1 MHz 98

110GHz 100 0.3 MHz 99.5

Agilent 8481A 1 MHz 99.3

RCF 100 3 MHz 98.5

50 MHz 100 10 MHz 98.5

100 MHz 99.8 30 MHz 98.1

2 GHz 99 100 MHz 97.6
3 GHz 98.6 300 MHz 97.5
4GHz 98 1GHz 97
5 GHz 97.7 2 GHz 95
6 GHz 97.4 3 GHz 93
7 GHz 97.1 4.2 GHz 91
8 GHz 96.6 Agilent 8483A

9 GHz 96.2 RCF 94.6
10 GHz 95.4 0.1 MHz 94
11 GHz 94.9 0.3 MHz 97.9

12.4 GHz 94.3 1 MHz 98.4
13 GHz 94.3 3 MHz 98.4
14 GHz 93.2 10 MHz 99.3
15 GHz 9 3 30 MHz 98.7
16 GHz 93 100 MHz 97.8
17 GHz 92.7 300 MHz 97.5
18 GHz 91.8 1 GHz 97.2

2 GHz 96.4

2-24 Agilent E4418B User’s Guid e

Power Meter Operation

Making Measurements using Sensor Calibration Tables

Agilent 8481D Agilent 8485A

RCF 99 RCF 100

50 MHz 99 50 MHz 100

500 MHz 99.5 2 GHz 99.5

1GHz 99.4 4GHz 98.9
2GHz 99.5 6GHz 98.5
3GHz 98.6 8GHz 98.3
4 GHz 98.6 10 GHz 98.1
5 GHz 98.5 11 GHz 97.8
6 GHz 98.5 12 GHz 97.6
7 GHz 98.6 12.4 GHz 97.6
8 GHz 98.7 14 GHz 97.4

9 GHz 99.5 16 GHz 97
10 GHz 98.6 17 GHz 96.7
11 GHz 98.7 18 GHz 96.6
12 GHz 99 19 GHz 96

12.4 GHz 99.1 20 GHz 96.1
13 GHz 98.9 21 GHz 96.2
14 GHz 99.4 22 GHz 95.3
15 GHz 98.9 23 GHz 94.9
16 GHz 99.1 24 GHz 94.3
17 GHz 98.4 25 GHz 92.4
18 GHz 100.1 26 GHz 92.2

Agilent R8486A 26.5 GHz 92.1

RCF 100 Agilent R8486D

50 MHz 100 RCF 97.6

26.5 GHz 94.9 50 MHz 97.6
27 GHz 94.9 26.5 GHz 97.1
28 GHz 95.4 27 GHz 95.3
29 GHz 94.3 28 GHz 94.2
30 GHz 94.1 29 GHz 94.5
31 GHz 93.5 30 GHz 96.6
32 GHz 93.7 31 GHz 97.6
33 GHz 93.7 32 GHz 98
34 GHz 94.9 33 GHz 98.9

34.5 GHz 94.5 34 GHz 99.5
35 GHz 94.4 34.5 GHz 99
36 GHz 93.7 35 GHz 97.6
37 GHz 94.9 36 GHz 99
38 GHz 93.5 37 GHz 98.2
39 GHz 93.9 38 GHz 97.4
40 GHz 92.3 39 GHz 97.6

40 GHz 100

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide 2-25

Power Meter Operation

Making Measurements using Sensor Calibration Tables

Agilent 8487A Agilent 8487A continued

RCF 100 37 GHz 92.4

50 MHz 100 38 GHz 90.9
100 MHz 99.9 39 GHz 91.3
500 MHz 98.6 40 GHz 91.4

1 GHz 99.8 41 GHz 90.6
2 GHz 99.5 42 GHz 89.9
3 GHz 98.9 43 GHz 89.1
4 GHz 98.8 44 GHz 88.1
5 GHz 98.6 45 GHz 86.9
6 GHz 98.5 46 GHz 85.8
7 GHz 98.4 47 GHz 85.4
8 GHz 98.3 48 GHz 83.2

9 GHz 98.3 49 GHz 81.6
10 GHz 98.3 50 GHz 80.2
11 GHz 98.1 Agilent Q8486A
12 GHz 97.9 RCF 100
13 GHz 9 8 50 MHz 100
14 GHz 98.2 33.5 GHz 91.3
15 GHz 97.7 34.5 GHz 92
16 GHz 96.8 35 GHz 91.7
17 GHz 9 7 36 GHz 91.5
18 GHz 96.3 37 GHz 92.1
19 GHz 95.9 38 GHz 91.7
20 GHz
21 GHz 95.6 40 GHz 90.7
22 GHz 95.5 41 GHz 90.3
23 GHz 95.4 42 GHz 89.5
24 GHz 9 5 43 GHz 88.5
25 GHz 95.4 44 GHz 88.7
26 GHz 95.2 45 GHz 88.2
27 GHz 95.1 46 GHz 87
28 GHz 9 5 47 GHz 86.4
29 GHz 94.4 48 GHz 85.3
30 GHz 9 4 49 GHz 84.7
31 GHz 93.7 50 GHz 82.9
32 GHz 93.8
33 GHz 9 3
34 GHz 93.2

34.5 GHz 93.5
35 GHz 93.1
36 GHz 9 2

95.2

39 GHz 91

2-26 Agilent E4418B User’s Guid e

Power Meter Operation

Tables

Making Measurements using Frequency Dependent Offset Tables

Making Measurements using Frequency Dependent
Offset Tables

This section describes how to use frequency dependent offset tables.
Frequency dependent offset tables provide you with a quick and

convenient method of compensating for your external test setup over a
range of frequencies. Note that when selecte d, frequency de pende nt offset
correction is IN ADDITION to any correction applied for sensor freque ncy
response.

The power meter is capable of s toring 10 frequen cy dependent offset ta bles
of 80 frequency points each.

To use frequency dependent offset tables you:

1. Select the table to work on a channel. Refer to “Selecting a
Frequency Dependent Offset Table”, on page 2-27 for further
information. If you require to edit the table refer to “Editing
Frequency Dependent Offset Tables”, on page 2-29 for further
information.

2. Zero and calibrate the power meter. The reference calibration
factor used during the calibration is automatically set by the
power meter from the sensor calibration table (if selected).

3. Specify the frequency of the signal you want to measure. The
calibration factor/offset is automatically set by the power meter
from the sensor calibration table (if selected) and the frequency
dependent offset table. Refer to “Making the Measurement”, on
page 2-28 for further information.

4. Make the measurement.

Selecting a Frequency Dependent Offset Table

You can select a frequency dependent offset table for use by pressing

System
Inputs

field indicates if any frequency dependent offset tables are currently
selected. The “Offset Tbls” screen is displayed as shown in Figure 2-6.

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide 2-27

, , , . The “State”

Freq Dep Offset Table Off On

Power Meter Operation

Frequency
Cal Fac

Making Measurements using Frequency Dependent Offset Tables

Figure 2-6: “Offset Tbls” Screen

Making the Measurement

T o make the power measurement, you zero and calibrate the power meter,
then set it for the fre quency o f the s i gnal you want to mea sure. The pow er
meter automatically selects the calibration factor from the sensor
calibration table (if selected) and the offset from the frequency dependent
offset table.

1. Press .

2. Press . During zeroing, which takes approximately 10
seconds, the wait symbol is displayed.

3. The setting of the reference calibration factor is obtained from the
sensor calibration table (if selected) and displayed under the

Ref CF

4. Connect the power sensor to the POWER REF output.

5. Press to calibrate the power meter. During calibration the
wait symbol is displayed. (The power meter automatically turns
on the POWER REF output.)

6. Press . The current setting of the frequency is displayed
under the softkey.

7. To change this setting press . The power meter displays the
frequency in a pop up window. Modify this frequency (see below)
as desired.

■ Use or to modify the digit on which the cursor is

■ Use or to move to other digits.

Zero
Cal

Zero

softkey.

Cal

Freq

currently positioned.

Freq

2-28 Agilent E4418B User’s Guid e

Power Meter Operation

Making Measurements using Frequency Dependent Offset Tables

8. To confirm your choice press the appropriate frequency unit.

9. Connect the power sensor to the signal to be measured.

10. The measurement result is now displayed.

Note If the measurement frequency does not correspond directly to a

frequency in the sensor calibration table (if selected) and the
frequency dependent offset tab le being used, the power meter
calculates the calibration fact or and offset usin g linear
interpolation.

If you enter a frequency outside th e frequency ra nge defined i n the
sensor calibration table or the frequency dependent offset table,
the power meter uses the highest or lowest frequency point in the
appropriate table to set the calibration factor and offset.

The value of the calibration factor being used by the power meter
to make a measurement is displayed under the softkey.

Cal Fac

Editing Frequency Dependent Offset Tables

You can edit frequency dependent offset tables using the “Edit” menu as
shown in Figure 2-7.

To view the frequency dependent offset tables currently stored in the
power meter, press , , . The “Offset
Tbls” screen is displayed as shown in Figure 2-6.

System
Inputs

Tables Freq Dep Offset

Figure 2-7: “Edit” Screen

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide 2-29

Power Meter Operation

Making Measurements using Frequency Dependent Offset Tables

There are ten frequency dependent offset tables named CUSTOM_A
through CUSTOM_J which do not contai n any data whe n the power mete r
is shiped from the factory.

You cannot delete any of the 10 existing frequency de pend ent of fse t ta bles
or create any additional tables. However , you can edit the 10 existing
tables. Each frequency dependent offset table can contain a maximum of
80 frequency points.

To edit a table:

1. Select one using the and hardkeys to scroll through the
displayed tables. When the table you want to edit is high lighted

Edit Table

press . The “Edit Offset” screen is displayed as
shown in Figure 2-7 on page 2-29. In this screen you can modify,
add and remove frequencies and offset and also edit the table
name. Use the , , and hardkeys to move
between the table name and its freque ncies and offsets.

A frequency in the range of 0.001 MHz to 999.999 GHz can be
entered.

An offset in the range of 1% to 150% can be entered.
The following rules apply to naming frequency dependent offset

tables:

■ The name must consist of no more than 12 characters.

■ All characters must be upper or lower case alphabetic

characters, or numeric (0-9), or an underscore (_).

■ No other characters are allowed.

■ No spaces are allowed in the name.

2. To edit the parameter you currently have selected press .

Change

The power meter displays the data in a pop up window. Modify
this data (see below) as desired.

■ Use or to modify the character on which the cursor

is currently positioned.

■ Use or to move to other characters.

3. To confirm your choice press the appropriate softkey.

4. To adda new frequency dependent of fset table entry, press

Insert

. You are prompted for the frequency an d of fset. T he entr y

is sorted by frequency.

5. To remove a frequency dependent offset table entry, use the ,

, and hardkeys to select the entry, press . If

Delete

2-30 Agilent E4418B User’s Guid e

Power Meter Operation

Making Measurements using Frequency Dependent Offset Tables

you delete the frequency the equivalent offset is also removed and
vice versa.

Note You can only edit the table name you cannot delete it.

6. When you have completed editing the frequency dependent offset
table, press to return to the “Offset Tbls” screen.

Done

Note Ensure that the frequency points you use cover the frequency

range of the signals you want to measure. If you measure a signal
with a frequency outside the freq uency range defined in the
frequency dependent offset table, the power meter uses the
highest or lowest frequency point in the frequency dependent
offset table to calculate the offset.

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide 2-31

Power Meter Operation

Setting the Units of Measurement

Setting the Units of Measurement

The “dBm/W” menu is used to select the measurement units on the
currently selected window. These can either be logarithmic (dBm or dB) or
linear (Watt or %) units. sets the measurement units to dBm
(logarithmic units). Table 2-5 shows which units are applicable to the
individual measurement modes.

Press , then select the unit of measurement from , , or

%

dBm/W

. Softkeys which cannot be selected in your particular mode of op eration

appear with their text grayed out.

Note When the unit of measurement is set to Watt, it is possible that

negative power measurements may be displayed when measuring
low power levels.

Tabl e 2-5: Meas uremen t Un its

Preset
Local

dBm W dB

Measurement

Mode

Relative Mode Off Relative Mode On

Linear Log Linear Log

Single Channel Watt dBm % dB

1. When relative mode is on (that is, , is “On”), the
measurement is compared to a ref erence value.

Rel
Offset

Rel Off On

1

2-32 Agilent E4418B User’s Guid e

Power Meter Operation

Selecting Units of Measurement from the Softkeys

Selecting Units of Measurement from the Softkeys

In various softkey menu structures you are required to enter the units of
measurement for power. In some cases, due to the wide power range
available, the following menu is displayed:

mW

µW

nW

Cancel

W

Increment

More

Multiplier
Decrement

Multiplier
Cancel

Note Some softkeys may be grayed out so that an invalid value cannot

be entered.

Pressing or
increases or decreases the multiplier shown in front of . Pressing

Increment Multiplier Decrement Multiplier

W W

after the correct multiplier has been selected confirms the entry.

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide 2-33

Power Meter Operation

Rel
Offset

Making Relative Measurements

Making Relative Measurements

Relative mode allows you to compare any measurement result to a
reference value. The relative reading can be displayed in either dB or % by
pressing and selecting either or . When the measurement
result is displayed in % a prefix multiplier may be shown.

Relative mode is window dependent and when enabled displays “Rel” in
the window to which it’s applied.

Procedure

To set a reference value on the currently selected window:

1. Press .

2. Press to use the current reading as the reference value. This

3. is automatically set to “On” when is pressed.

dBm/W

dB %

Rel

allows you to compare any measurement result in dB or
percentage (%).

Rel Off On Rel

Successive measurements are now displayed relative to the reference
value. The relative mode can be disabled and re-enabled simply by
pressing .

Rel Off On

2-34 Agilent E4418B User’s Guid e

Power Meter Operation

Meas
Setup

Setting the Resolution

Setting the Resolution

The resolution of each of the power meter’s windows can be set to four
different levels (1, 2, 3 or 4).

These four levels represent:

• 1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001 dB respectively if the measurement suffix is
dBm or dB.

• 1, 2, 3 or 4 significant digits respectively if the measurement suffix
is W or %.

The default value is 0.01dB (3 digits).
To set the resolution on the currently selected window:

1. Press . The current setting of the resolution is highlighted
on the softke y.

2. To change this setting press until the
required resolution setting is highlighted.

Resolution 1 2 3 4

Resolution 1 2 3 4

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide 2-35

Power Meter Operation

System
Inputs

Offset

Offset Off On

Rel
Offset

Setting Offsets

Setting Offsets

Setting Channel Offsets

The power meter can be configured to compensate for a signal loss or gain
in your test setup (for example, to compensate for the loss of a 10 dB
attenuator). This gain or loss, referred to as a channel offset, is added to
the measured power before the result is displayed.

Offsets are entered in dB. The allowable range of values is -100 dB to
+100 dB. A positive value compensates f or a loss, and a negative value
compensates for a gain.

If either a channel or a display offset is set then “Ofs” is displayed.
To enter a channel offset which compensates for a loss or gain:

1. Press .

2. Press .

3. Press . The power meter displays the offs et val ue in a pop

4. To confirm your choice press .

5. is automatically set to “On” when a value is

Input Settings

up window. Modify this offset (see below) as desired.

■ Use or to modify the digit on which the cursor is

currently positioned.

■ Use or to move to other digits.

dB

Offset Off On

entered using .

Offset

Channel offsets can be disabled and re-enabled simply by pressing

.

Setting Display Off se t s

The display offset function provides a method for entering display offset
values.

If either a channel or a display offset is set then “Ofs” is displayed.
To enter a display offset on the currently selected window:

1. Press , .

2-36 Agilent E4418B User’s Guid e

Offset

Power Meter Operation

Setting Offsets

2. The power meter displays the offset value in a pop up window.
Modify this offset (see below) as desired.

■ Use or to modify the digit on which the cursor is

currently positioned.

■ Use or to move to other digits.

3. To confirm your choice press .

Offset Off On

4. is automatically set to “On” when a value is
entered using .

Offset

dB

Display offsets can be disabled and re-enabled simply by pressing

Offset Off On

.

The display offse t is a f uncti on of th e wi nd ow. That is, if you have sel e cte d
a two window display each can have its own offset.

Figure 2-8 displays the effects of the channel and display offsets on the
power meter’s displayed reading.

Figure 2-8: Effect of Offsets on a Channel Measurement

Ch Input

Ch
Offset

† Channel Offset entered using , , .

†† Display Offset entered using , .

Ch Input with

†

Ch Offset

System
Inputs

Rel
Offset

Display
Offset

Ch Input with Ch Offset and

Display Offset

††

Input Settings Offset

Offset

READING
ON POWER
METER
DISPLAY

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide 2-37

Power Meter Operation

Setting Averaging

Setting Averaging

The power meter uses a digital filter to average power readings. The
number of readings averaged can range from 1 to 1024. This filter is used
to reduce noise, obtain the desired resolution and to reduce the jitter in
the measurement results. Increasing the value of the filter length reduces
measurement noise. However, the time to take the measurement is
increased. You can select the filter length or you can set the power meter
to auto filter mode. The default is “AUTO”.

When the auto filter mode is enabled, the power meter automatically sets
the number of readings averaged together to satisfy the filtering
requirements for most power measurements. The number of readings
averaged together depends on the resolution and the po wer level current ly
being measured. Figure 2-9 lists the number of readings averaged for each
range and resolution when the power meter is in auto filter mode and is
set to normal speed mode (refer to the Agilent E4418B/E4419B
Programming Guide for details of the readings averaged in the other
speed modes).

Resolution is a window function and not a channel function. In the case
where a channel is set up in both the upper and lower window and the
resolution settings are different, the highest resolution setting is taken to
calculate the averaging number. For example, if the upper window has a
resolution setting of 2 and is measuring channel A and the lower window
has a resolution of 4 and is also measuring channel A. In this instance
channel A averaging is calculated with a resolution of 4.

2-38 Agilent E4418B User’s Guid e

Figure 2-9: Averaged Readings

Power Meter Operation

Setting Averaging

Minimum Sensor Power

10 dB

10 dB

10 dB

Power Sensor

10 dB

Dynamic Range

1234
1 8 128 128

1 1 16 256

11232

11116

1118

Maximum Sensor Power

These four resolution levels represent:

• 1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001 dB respectively if the measurement suffix is
dBm or dB.

• 1, 2, 3 or 4 significant digits respectively if the measurement suffix
is W or %.

To set averaging:

Resolution Setting

1. Press , , . Press the

System
Inputs

Input Settings

More

Filter

softkey to access the filter menu.

2. The current setting of averaging is displayed under the
softkey . To change this setting press . A pop up window

Length

Length

appears. Use the , , or keys to set your filter
length.

3. To confirm your choice press .

Enter

Number of Averages

The filter can be disabled and re-enabled simply by pressing

Filter Off On

.

Step Detection

To reduce the filter settling time after a significant step in the measured
power the filter can be set to re-initialise upon detection of a step

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide 2-39

Power Meter Operation

System
Inputs

Filter

Setting Averaging

increase/decrease in the measured power. Step detection can be set in both
manual and automatic filter modes.

To set step detection:

1. Press , , .

Input Settings

More

2. Press the softkey to access the filter menu.

3. Use the softkey to enable /disable step

Step Det Off On

detection.

2-40 Agilent E4418B User’s Guid e

Power Meter Operation

Measuring Pulsed Signals

Measuring Pulsed Signals

The power meter can be used to measure the p ower of a pulsed sig nal. The
measurement result is a mathematical representation of the pulse power
rather than an actual measurement (assumes constant peak power). The
power meter measures the ave rage power of the pulsed input signal and
then divides the measurement result by the duty cycle value to obtain the
pulse power reading. The allowable range of values is 0.001 % to 100 %.
The default value is 1.000%.

If duty cycle is enabled then “Dty Cyc” is displayed.

Note Pulse measurements are not recommended using Agilent E4412A

and E4413A power sensors.

An example of a pulsed signal is shown in Figure 2-10.

Figure 2-10: Pulsed Signal

Power

B

Duty Cycle = A

B

Time

A

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide 2-41

Power Meter Operation

System
Inputs

Duty Cycle Off On

Measuring Pulsed Signals

To set the duty cycle:

1. Press , , . The current setting of

Input Settings

the duty cycle is displayed under the softkey .

2. To change this setting press . The power meter

Duty Cycle

More

Duty Cycle

displays the duty cycle in a pop up window. Modify this value (see
below) until the desired duty cycle is displayed.

■ Use or to modify the digit on which the cursor is

currently positioned.

■ Use or to move to other digits.

3. To confirm your choice press .

Duty Cycle Off On

4. is automatically set to “On” when a value
is entered using .

Duty Cycle

%

Duty cycle can be disabled and re-enabled simply by pressing

.

Note Pulse power averages out any aberrations in the pulse such as

overshooting or ringing. For this reason it is called pulse power
and not peak power or peak pulse power.

In order to ensure accurate pulse power readings, the input signal
must be pulsed with a rectangular pulse. Other pulse shapes (such
as triangle, chirp or Gaussian) will cause erroneous results.

The pulse power on/off rati o must be much greater than the duty
cycle ratio.

2-42 Agilent E4418B User’s Guid e

Power Meter Operation

Setting Measurement Limits

Setting Measurement Limits

You can configure the power meter to detect when a measurement is
outwith a predefined upper and/or lower limit value.

There are two types of measurement limits you can set:

• Channel Limits - are applied to the input channel and are for
power measurements only.

• Window Limits - are windows based (upper and lower) and can be
applied to power, ratio or difference measurements. In addition,
the window based limits can be set to output a TTL logic level at
the rear panel Rmt I/O port when the predefined limits are
exceeded.

Note Only one set of limits can be on at a time, that is, Channel OR

Window.

Setting Channel Limits

The power meter can be configured to verify the power being measured
against an upper and/or lower limit value. The range of values that can be
set for upper and lower limits is -150 dBm to 230 dBm. The default upper
limit is 90.00 dBm and the default lower limit is -90.00 dBm.

To set the limits:

1. Press , , . The current setting

System
Inputs

of the maximum and minimum limits are displayed under the

Max Min

and softkeys respectively.

2. To change either of these settings press the appropriate softkey.
The power meter displays the current value in a pop up window.
Modify this value (see below) until the desired value is displayed.

■ Use or to modify the digit on which the cursor is

currently positioned.

■ Use or to move to other digits.

3. T o confirm your choice press the appropriate measurement units.

Limits can be disabled and re-enabled simply by pressing

Limits Off On

A typical application for this feature is shown in Figure 2-11.

Input Settings Limits

.

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide 2-43

Power Meter Operation

+

Setting Measurement Limits

Figure 2-11: Limits Checking Appl icat ion

Power Meter

Swept Source

Amplitude

10 dBm

4 dBm

Device
Under Test

OUT

IN

OUT

Figure 2-12: Limits Checking Results

Fail
o

o

o

o

o

o

o
Fail

Frequency

CHANNEL A
INPUT

In this application a swept frequency signal is applied to the input of the
Device Under Test. The power meter measures the output power. The
limits have been set at +4 dBm and +10 dBm. A fail occurs each time the
output power is outside these limits as shown in Figure 2-12.

Setting Window Limits

The power meter can be configured to verify the current measurement in
either window against predefined upper and/or lower limit values. The
range of values that can be set for the upper and lower limits and the

2-44 Agilent E4418B User’s Guid e

Power Meter Operation

Setting Measurement Limits

default values depends on the measurement uni ts in the currently
selected window - see Table 2-6.

Tabl e 2-6: Range of Values for Window Limits

Window

Units

Max Min

Default

Max Min

dB +200 dB -180 dB 60 dB -120 dB

dBm +230 dBm -150 dBm 90 dBm -90 dBm

% 999.9 X% 100.0 a% 100.0 M% 100.0 p%

W 100.000 XW 1.000 aW 1.000 MW 1.000 pW

The window based limits can also be set to output a TTL logic level at the
rear panel Rmt I/O port when the predefined limits are exceeded. You can
switch the rear panel TTL outputs on or off; set the TTL output level to
active high or low; and determine whether the TTL output represents an
over limit condition, under limit condition or both.

The TTL connector is an RJ-45 series shielded modular jack assembly
with the TTL output pins connected as shown in Figure 2-13.

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide 2-45

Power Meter Operation

Limits Off On

Setting Measurement Limits

Figure 2-13: Remote I/O TTL Outputs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Pin Number Connection

1 none
2 Ground
3 Upper Window TTL Output
4 Lower Window TTL Output
5 TTL Input 1
6 TTL Input 2
7 Ground
8 Ground

To set the limits:

1. Press , . The current setting of the maximum and

Meas
Setup

minimum limits are displayed under the and softkeys

Limits

Max Min

respectively.

2. To change either of these settings press the appropriate softkey.
The power meter displays the current value in a pop up window.
Modify this value (see below) until the desired value is displayed.

■ Use or to modify the digit on which the cursor is

currently positioned.

■ Use or to move to other digits.

3. To confirm your choice press the appropri ate measurement units.

Limits can be disabled and re-enabled simply by pressing

.

2-46 Agilent E4418B User’s Guid e

To set the TTL Output:

Meas
Setup

Fail O/P

EITHER

Power Meter Operation

Setting Measurement Limits

1. Press , , . The current settings for the
TTL Output are displayed under the , and

Limits TTL Output

TTL Output Limits

softkeys.

2. To select whether the TTL output reflects an overlimit condition,
under limit condition or both, press . Use any of the four
arrow keys t o make a selection between , , and

Limits

OVER UNDER

on the pop up menu that appears.

3. To select whether a high or low level TTL output represents a
limits failure, use the softkey to toggle between

Low

and

Fail O/P High

TTL Outputs can be disabled and re-enabled simply by pressing

TTL Output Off On

.

Checking for Limit Failures

Limit failures are displayed in the appropriate field in the measurement
window on the power meter’s display as shown in Figure 2-14.

Note The same limit fail field is used by both channel and window

limits.

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide 2-47

Power Meter Operation

Setting Measurement Limits

Figure 2-14: Pass/Fail Limit Indicators

This meas urement
has passed. This is

indicated by the
limit field being

empty.

This measurement

has failed as the

result is less than

the minimum limit

level set of

-55 dBm. This is

indicated with th e

text “Undr Lmt”.

This

measurement has

failed as the result

is more than the

maximum limit

level set of

-60 dBm. This is

indicated with the

text “Over Lmt”.

2-48 Agilent E4418B User’s Guid e

Power Meter Operation

Selecting a Digital or Analog Display

Selecting a Digital or Analog Display

The measurement windows can display the result in either a digital or
analog format or both as shown in the following figures.

Figure 2-15: Digital Display

Figure 2-16: Analog Display

Figure 2-17: Digital and Analog Display

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide 2-49

Power Meter Operation

m

Selecting a Digital or Analog Display

To select the format of the display in the currently selected window:

1. Press , .

2. Press to highlight the type of format you

Meas
Setup

Meter Dgtl Anlg

Display Format

require. Pressing this key toggles between a digital and analog
display.

To select the range of the analog display in the currently selected window:

1. Press , , .

Meas
Setup

Display Format Anlg Mtr Scaling

2. The current setting of the maximum and minimum values
displayed on the analog meter a re displayed under the and

Min

softkeys respecti vely.

Max

3. To change either of these settings press the appropriate softkey.
The power meter displays the current value in a pop up window.
Modify this value (see below) until the desired value is displayed.

■ Use or to modify the digit on which the cursor is

currently positioned.

■ Use or to move to other digits.

4. The choices available depend on the unit of measurement selected
and the current measurement mode. If the measurement unit
selected is logarithmic, then the choice will be or . If the

dB dB

measurement unit selected is linear, then choose the appropriate
softkeys from the following menus:

%

Cancel

%

Increment

More

Pressing or

Decrement Multiplier

Multiplier
Decrement

Multiplier
Cancel

Increment Multiplier

increases or decreases the multiplier

More

mW

µW

nW

Cancel

W

Increment
Multiplier

Decrement
Multiplier

Cancel

2-50 Agilent E4418B User’s Guid e

Power Meter Operation

Selecting a Digital or Analog Display

shown in front of or . Pressing or after the correct

% W % W

multiplier has been selected confirms the entry.

To select bo th an a nal og a n d di gi t a l di spl a y pr e ss until two windows
are displayed. Select the format of one window to analog and the other to
digital as previously described.

To indicate i f the measurement reading is outwith the minimum or
maximum values set for the analog meter, a warning message is
displayed. The analog meter also displays a digital reading. This digital
reading allows you to easily set the appropriate minimum and maximum
values for the analog displ ay.

Note The analog display does not indicate as much measurement data

as the digital display. That is, it does not indicate when duty cycle,
range hold, offset or relative mod e are enabled. In addit ion, it does
not indicate if the measurement is within the test limits if any are
set.

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide 2-51

Power Meter Operation

System
Inputs

Setting the Range

Setting the Range

The power meter has no internal ranges which can be set. The only ranges
that can be set are those of the Agilent E-series power sensors. With an
Agilent E-series power sensor the range can be set either automatically or
manually. Use autoranging when you are not sure of the power level you
will be measuring. There are two manual settings either “LOWER” or

“UPPER”. The lower range is more sensitive than the higher range.
“LOWER” covers the range of -70 dBm to -13.5 dBm. “UPPER” covers the

range of -14.5 dBm to +20 dBm. The default is “AUTO”.
To set the range:

1. Press , . The current setting of the
range is displayed under the softkey.

2. T o change this setting press . A pop up window appears.

Input Settings

Range

Range

Use or to highlight your choice.

3. To confirm your choice press .

Enter

2-52 Agilent E4418B User’s Guid e

Power Meter Operation

Configuring the Remote Interface

Configuring the Remote Interface

This section explains how to configure the power meter for remote control
using either the GP-IB parallel interface or the RS232/422 serial
interface. For further information on using the power meter remotely,
refer to the Agilent E4418B/E4419B Programming Guide.

GP-IB

To select GP-IB as the remote interface press ,

Remote Interface Select Interface GPIB

, , (IEEE 488).

System

Inputs

GP-IB Address

Each device on the GP-IB (IEEE-488) interface must have a unique
address. You can set the power meter’s address to any value between 0
and 30. The address is set t o 13 when th e power met er is ship ped from th e
factory.

The address is stored in non-volatile memory, and does not change when
the power is switched off, or after a remote interface reset.

Your GP-IB bus controller has its own address. Avoid using the bus
controller’s address for any instrument on the interface bus.

To set the GP-IB address from the front panel:

1. Press , , ,

GPIB

System
Inputs

. The current sett ing of the GP-IB address is displayed

under the softkey.

2. T o change this setting press . The power meter

Remote Interface Configure Interface

GP-IB Addr

GP-IB Addr

displays the address in a pop up window. Modify this address (see
below) as desired.

■ Use or to modify the digit on which the cursor is

currently positioned.

■ Use or to move to other digits.

3. To confirm your choice press .

Enter

To set the GP-IB address from the remote interface use the:

• SYSTem:COMMunicate:GPIB:ADDRess command.

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide 2-53

Power Meter Operation

Remote Interface

Configuring the Remote Interface

RS232/RS422

With RS232 selected as the serial interface the power meter
communicates through the serial port with single ended drivers and
receivers. With RS422 selsected, the serial port uses balanced drivers and
receivers.

The power meter acts as a DTE device.
To select RS232 or RS422 as the remote interface press ,

Select Interface RS232 RS422

, , or .

RS232/422 Connector

The serial port connector is a 9 pin male D-type wired as shown in
Figure 2-18.

Figure 2-18: RS232/422 Pin Assignment

System
Inputs

1 2

6

34

7

8

Pin RS232 RS422

1DCD CTS­2Rx Rx­3Tx Tx+
4 DTR Tx-

5

9

5GND GND
6DSR Rx+
7RTS RTS+
8CTS CTS+
9RI RTS-

2-54 Agilent E4418B User’s Guid e

Power Meter Operation

Serial

Stop bits

More

Echo

Configuring the Remote Interface

Setting the RS232/422 Parameters

This section explains how to set the baud rate, word size, parity, number
of stop bits, pacing and echo for the serial interface.

To set the serial interface parameters:

1. Press , , ,

System
Inputs

. The current settings for , ,

2. To change the baud rate press . The power meter

Remote Interface Configure Interface

Baud rate Word size

Parity

and are shown under the softkeys.

Baud rate

displays the baud rate in a pop up window. Change the setting by
using the and keys to run through the selection of baud
rates available. To confirm your choice press .

3. To change the word size press . The power meter

Word size

Enter

displays the word size in a pop up window. Change the setting by
using any of the arrow hardke ys to togg le betwe en a word size of 7
or 8. To confirm your choice press .

4. To change the number of stop bits press . The power

Enter

Stop bits

meter displays the number of stop bits in a pop up window.
Change the setting by using any of the arrow hardkeys to toggle
between a setting of 1 or 2. To confirm your choice press .

5. To change the parity type press . The power meter

Parity

Enter

displays the parity type in a pop up window. Change the setting by
using any of the arrow hardkeys to select from EVEN, ODD,
ZERO, ONE or NONE. To confirm your choice press .

Enter

6. Press to access page 2 of 2. This page allows you to set echo
off and on and gives access to the pacing menu.

7. Press to toggle between off and on. When echo is on, all
received characters will be transmitted (echoed) back to the
sender.

8. Press to access the pacing menu which allows you to

Pacing

enable/disable various software and hardware pacing options.
Pacing will prevent receiver overrun errors and is generally only
required when large amounts of data are being transferred (for
example, cal tables).

9. Press to toggle between enabling and disabling the

Tx Pacing

Xon/Xoff transmitter software handshake. When enabled “Xon” is
highlighted, otherwise “None” is highlighted.

10. Press to toggle between enabling and disabling the

Rx Pacing

Xon/Xoff receiver software handshake. When enabled “Xon” is
highlighted, otherwise “None” is highlighted.

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide 2-55

Power Meter Operation

RTS/CTS

DTR/DSR

Configuring the Remote Interface

11. Press and use any of the arrow hardkeys to sele ct one of
the following from the pop up menu:

OFF - Sets the RTS signal line permanently low.
ON - Sets the RTS signal line permanently high.
IBFull - Sets the RTS signal line high while the receiver buffer

can accept more data and sets RTS low when the data buffer is
full. The transmitter is inhibited when CTS is low.

12. Press and use any of the arro w ha rdkey s to sele ct on e of
the following from the pop up menu:

OFF - Sets the DTR signal line permanently low.
ON - Sets the DTR signal line permanently high.
IBFull - Sets the DTR signal line high while the receiver buffer

can accept more data and sets DTR low when the data buffer is
full. The transmitter is inhibited when DSR is low.

DTR/DSR

The softkey is greyed out if the RS422 interface is selected.

Remote Interface Overview

You can view a summary of your remote interface settings at any time by
pressing , , .

System
Inputs

Remote Interface Interface Overview

Examples of an GP-IB and RS422 interface overview are shown in
Figure 2-19.

2-56 Agilent E4418B User’s Guid e

Power Meter Operation

Done

Configuring the Remote Interface

Figure 2-19: Interface Overview Examples

Pressing the softkey returns the power meter display to the
previous screen.

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide 2-57

Power Meter Operation

System
Inputs

Configuring the Remote Interface

Programming Language Selection

You can select one of two languages to program the power meter from the
remote interface. The language is SCPI when the power meter is shipped
from the factory. The other language is the Agilent 437B programming
language.

The power meter complies with the rules and regulations of the 1995.0
version of SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments).
You can determine the SCPI version with which the power meter is in
compliance by sending the SYSTem:VERSion? command from the remote
interface. You cannot query the SCPI version from the front panel.

The languag e selection is stored in non-volatile memory, and does not
change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset.

To select the interface language from the front panel:

1. Press , , .

2. Select the language you require from and .

Remote Interface Command Set

HP 437B SCPI

To select the interface language from the remote interface use the:

• SYSTem:LANGuage command

2-58 Agilent E4418B User’s Guid e

Power Meter Operation

Recorder Output

Recorder Output

The rear panel Recorder Output connector produces a dc voltage that
corresponds to the power level in Watts of the channel, depending on the
measurement mode. This dc voltage ranges from 0 to +1 Vdc. The output
impedance is typically 1 kΩ . Channel and display offsets, and duty cycle
have no effect on the Recorder Output.

For example, the Recorder Output can be used to;

• record swept measurements on an X-Y recorder

• level an output from a source using external leveling, or

• monitor the output power on a strip chart recorder. A setup for

recording swept measurements is shown in Figure 2-20.

See Figure 2-22 for details on which power meter functions are
implemented in the recorder output.

Figure 2-20: Test Setup for Recording Swept Measurements

RECORDER

Swept Source

Device

OUTPUT

Under Test

SWEEP

OUT

X-AXIS (FREQUENCY)

To access the “Recorder” menu press , ,

Recorder Output

Output signal eit her on or of f. The and softkeys

INRF OUT

X-Y Recorder

OUT

System
Inputs

Power Meter

Y-AXIS (POWER)

More

CHANNEL A
INPUT

. This menu allows you to switch the Recorder

Max Power Min Power

allow you to enter the input power level that you want to represent the

maximum and 0 Vdc minimum output voltage of the Recorder

1V

dc

Output.

Agilent E4418B User’s Guide 2-59

Power Meter Operation

Min Power

Recorder Output

Leveling a Source Output

The Recorder output can be used to level an output from a source using
external leveling. The following procedure explains how to do this:

1. Select the Recorder Output by pressing , ,

Recorder Output

.

System
Inputs

2. The highest power you are going to measure is used to determi ne
the value which you should set for th e Recorder Outpu t maximum
setting. For example, if you are me asuring a power l ess than 1 mW
and greater than 100 µW, then set the recorder maximum value to
1mW.

50 dBm (100 W)

40 dBm (10 W)

30 dBm (1 W)

20 dBm (100 mW)

10 dBm (10 mW)

More

0dBm (1mW)

-10 dBm (100 µW)

-20 dBm (10 µW)

-30 dBm (1 µW)

-40 dBm (100 nW)

-50 dBm (10 nW)

-60 dBm (1 nW)

To set the maximum value press and enter the

Max Power

appropriate value.

3. Press and enter 0 W.

4. Press to “On”.

Output Off On

2-60 Agilent E4418B User’s Guid e