Agilent E4416A Service Guide

Errata

This manual may contain references to HP or Hewlett-Packard. Please note that Hewlett-Packard's former test
and measurement, semiconductor products and chemical analysis businesses are now part of Agilent
Technologies. To reduce potential confusion, the only change to product numbers and names has been in the
company name prefix: where a product number/name was HP XXXX the current name/number is now Agilent
XXXX. For example, model number HP8648 is now model number Agilent 8648.

Ce manuel peut contenir des références à <<HP>> ou <<Hewlett-Packard.>> Veuillez noter que les produits de
test et mesure, de semi-conducteur et d'analyse chimique qui avaient fait partie de la société Hewlett-Packard
sont maintenent une partie de la société Agilent Technologies. Pour reduire la confusion potentielle, le seul
changement aux noms de reference a été dans le préfixe de nom de société : là où un nom de référence était HP
XXXX, le nouveau nom de référence est maintenant Agilent XXXX. Par example, le HP 8648 s'appelle
maintenent Agilent 8648.

Diese Gebrauchsanweiseung kann Bezug nehmen auf die Namen HP oder Hewlett-Packard. Bitte beachten Sie,
dass ehemalige Betriebsbereiche von Hewlett-Packard wie HP-Halbleiterprodukte, HP-chemische Analysen
oder HP-Test- und Messwesen nun zu der Firma Agilent Technology gehören. Um Verwirrung zu vermeiden
wurde lediglich bei Produktname und - Nummer der vo laufende Firmenname geändert: Produkte mit dem
Namen/Nummer HP XXXX lauten nun mehr Agilent XXXX. Z.B, das Modell HP 8648 heißt nun Agilent 8648.

Questo manuale potrebbe contenere riferimenti ad HP o Hewlett-Packard. Si noti che le attività precedentemente
gestite da Hewlett-Packard nel campo di Test & Misura, Semiconduttori, ed Analisi Chimica sono ora diventate
parte di Agilent Technologies. Al fine di ridurre il rischio di confusione, l'unica modifica effettuata sui numeri di
prodotto e sui nomi ha riguardato il prefisso con il nome dell'azienda : dove precedentemente compariva "HP
XXXX" compare ora "Agilent XXXX". Ad esempio: il modello HP8648 è ora indicato come Agilent 8648.

Este manual puede hacer referencias a HP o Hewlett Packard. Las organizaciones de Prueba y Medición (Test
and Measurement), Semiconductores (Semiconductor Products) y Análisis Químico (Chemical Analysis) que
pertenecían a Hewlett Packard, ahora forman parte de Agilent Technologies. Para reducir una potencial
confusión, el único cambio en el número de producto y nombre, es el prefijo de la compañía: Si el producto solía
ser HP XXXX, ahora pasa a ser Agilent XXXX. Por ejemplo, el modelo HP8648 es ahora Agilent 8648.

Document Part Number 5971-2668
Printed in the UK September 2004

A

マニュアル・チェンジ

変更

本文中の「HP（YHP）」、または「(横河)ヒューレット・パッカード株式会社」とい

う語句を、「Agilent」、または「アジレント・テクノロジー株式会社」と変更して

ください。

ヒューレット・パッカード社の電子計測、半導体製品、化学分析ビジネス部門は分

離独立し、アジレント・テクノロジー社となりました。

社名変更に伴うお客様の混乱を避けるため、製品番号の接頭部のみ変更しておりま

す。

（例: 旧製品名 HP 4294A は、現在 Agilent 4294A として販売いたしておりま

す。）

Service Guide

Agilent Technologies

E4416A/E4 417A Power Meters

Agilent Technologies Part no. E4416-90014

August 2003

© Copyright 2003 Agilent Technologies
All rights reserved. Reproduction, adaptation, or translation without prior written

permission is prohibited, except as allowed under the copyright laws.
Printed in the UK.

ii Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Legal Information

Legal Information

Notice

Information co ntained in this document is subject to change without notice. Agilent
Technologies makes no warranty of any kind with regard to thi s material, including,
but not limite d to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a
particula r purpos e. Agilent Technologies shall not be liable for er rors contained
herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishings,
performance, or use of this material. No part of this document may be photocopied,
reproduced, or tr anslated to another language without the prior written c onsent of
Agilent Technologies.

Certification

Agilent Technologies certif ies that this product met its p ublished specif ications at t h e
time of shipment from the factory. Agilent Technologies further certifies that its
calibration measurements are traceable to the United States National Institute of
Standards and T echnology, to the extent allowed by the Institute’s calibration facility,
and to the calib ration facilitie s of other Internationa l S tandards Organization
members.

Warranty

This Agilent Technologies instru ment pr oduc t is war ranted a gains t defe cts i n materia l
and workmanship for a per iod of one ye ar f rom date of shipm ent. During the war ranty
period, Agile nt Technologies will at its option , eith er re pair or re place products which
prove to be defective. For warranty serv ice or repair, this product mus t be returned to
a service facility designated by Agilent T echnologies. Buyer shall prepay shipping
charges to Agilent T echn ologies and Agile nt T echnologi es shall pay shippi ng char ges,
duties, and taxes for products returned to Agilent Technologies from another c ountry.
Agilent Technologies warrants that its software and firmware designated by Agilent
Technologies for use with an instrument will execute its programming instructions
when properly ins talled on that instrume nt. Agilent Technologies does not warrant
that the operation of the instrument, or firmware will be uninterrupted or error free.

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide iii

Legal Information

Limitation of Warranty

The foregoing warrant y sha ll not apply to defects resulting from improper or
inadequate maintenance by Buyer, Buyer-supplied software or interfacing,
unauthorize d modification or misuse, operation outside of th e environmental
specifications for the product, or imp r oper site preparation or maintenance. NO
OTHER WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. AGILENT
TECHNOLOGIES SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICUL AR PURPOSE.

Exclusive Remedies

THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE
REMEDIES. AGILENT SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT ,
SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER
BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT, OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY.

iv Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Equipment Operation

Equipment Operation

Warnings and Cautions

This guide uses warnings and cautions to denote hazards.

WARNING A warning calls attention to a procedure, practice or the like, which, if

not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in injury or the loss
of life. Do not proceed beyond a warning until the indicated conditions
are fully understood and met.

Caution A caution calls attention to a procedure , practice or the like which, if not

correctly perf orm ed or adhered to, could result in damage to or the
destruction of part or all of the equi pment. Do not proceed beyon d a caution
until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

Personal Safety Considerations

WARNING This is a Safety Class I product (provided with a protective earthing

ground inco r p o ra t ed in the pow er cord). Th e ma i n s p lu g sh a l l only be
inserted in a socket outlet provided with a pr otective earth contact. Any
interruptio n of the protective conductor, inside or outside the
instrument, is likely to make the instrument dangerous. Intentional
interrup t ion is prohibited.
If this instrument is not used as specified, the protection provided by the
equipment could be impaired. This instrument must be used in a normal
condition (in which all means of protection are intact) only.
No operator serviceable parts inside. Ref er servicing to qualified
personnel. To prevent electrical shock, do not remove covers.
For continued protection against fire hazard, replace the line fuse(s)
only with fuses of the same type and rating (for example, normal blow,
time delay, etc.). The use of other fuses or material is prohibited.

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide v

Equipment Operation

ISM

General Safet y Conside r ations

WARNING Before this ins tr ument is sw itche d on , ma k e s ure it h as be en properly

grounded through the protective conductor of the ac power cable to a
socket outlet provided with protective earth contact.
Any interruption of the protective (grounding) conductor, inside or
outside the instrument, or disconnection of the protectiv e earth terminal
can result in personal injury.

Caution Any adjustments or service procedures that require operation of the

instrument with protective covers removed s hould be performed only by
trained service personnel.

Markings

The CE mark shows that the product complies with all the
relevant European legal Directives (if accompanied by a
year, it signifies when the desi gn was proven.

Group 1
Class A

vi Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

This is the symbol of an Indust rial Scientific an d Medical

Group 1 Class A product.

The CSA mark is a regis tered tr ademark of the Canadian
Standards Association.

External Protective Earth Terminal.

While this is a Class I product, provided with a protective
earthing conductor in a power cord, an external protective
earthing terminal has also been provided. This term inal is for
use where the ea rthing c annot be assured . At lea st an 18AWG
earthing conductor should be used in such a n ins tance, to
ground the instrument to an assured earth termi nal.

Equipment Operation

IEC 1010-1 Compliance

This instrument has been designed and tested in accordance with IEC Publication
1010-1 +A1:1992 Safet y Requi rements for Electrical Equ ipm ent for Measurement,
Control and L aborat ory Use and has be en suppl ied in a sa fe condi tion. The i nstruc tion
documentation contains information and warnings which must be followed by the
user to ensure safe operation and to maintain the instrument in a saf e condition.

Statement of Compliance

This product has been designed and tested for compliance with IEC 60529 (1989)
Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosur es (IP Code). Level IPx4 is attai ned if,
and only if, the carry ca s e (Agilent part number 34141A) is fitted.

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide vii

Sales and Service Offices

Sales and Ser vice Offices

By Internet, phone, or fax, get assistance with all your test and measurement needs.

Note In any corresponde nce or telephone conve rsations, refer t o the power sensor

by its model number and full serial number. With this information, the
Agilent Technologies representative can quickly determine whether your
unit is stil l within its warran ty period.

Online assistance: web site:http://www.agilent.com/find/assist

United States Latin America Canada Europe

(tel) 1 800 829 4444 (tel) [phone]

(fax) [phone]

New Zealand Japan Aust ralia

(tel) 0 800 738 378
(fax) ([phone]

Countr y Phone Number Fax Number

Singapore 1-800-375-8100 (65) 836-0252
Malaysia 1-800-828-848 1-800-801664
Philippines (632) 8426802

Thailand [phone] (outside Bangkok)

(tel) ([phone]
(fax) ([phone]

Asia Call Center Numbers

1-800-16510170 (PLDT
Subscriber Only)

[phone] (with in Bangkok)

(tel) 1 877 894 4414
(fax) [phone]

(tel) 1 800 629 485
(fax) ([phone]

(632) 8426809
1-800-16510288 (PLDT Subscriber Only)

(66) 1-661-3714

(tel) ([phone]
(fax) ([phone]

Hong Kong 800-930-871 (852) 2506 9233
Taiwan 0800-047-866 (886) 2 25456723

viii Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Sales and Service Offi ces

Country Phone Number Fax Number

People’s Republic
of China

800-810-0189 (preferred)
10800-650-0021

10800-650-0121

India 1-600-11-2929 000-800-650-1101

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide ix

Sales and Service Offices

Returning Your Power Meter for Service

Use the information in this section if you need to return your power meter to Agilent
Technologies.

Package the Power Meter for Sh ipment

Use the foll owing steps to packa ge the power meter for shipment to Agilent
Technologies for service:

1. Fill in a blue ser vice tag (available at the end of this guide) an d attach it to
the power meter. Please be as specific as possible about the nature of the
problem. Send a copy of any or all of the following information:

n Any erro r messages tha t ap p ea r ed on th e p o w er met e r di sp lay.
n Any information on the performance of the power meter.

Caution Power meter damage can result from using packaging materials other than

those specified. Never use styrene pell ets in any shape as packaging
materials. They do not adequately cushion the power meter or prevent it
from shifting in the carton. Styrene pellets cause power meter damage by
generating static electricity and by lodging in the rear panel.

2. Use the original packaging materials or a strong sh ipping container that is
made of double-wall ed, corrugated cardboard wit h 159kg (350 lb) bursting
strength. The carton must be both large enough and strong enough to
accommodate the power meter and allow at least 3 to 4 inches on all sides of
the power meter for packing material.

3. Surround the power met er with at least 3 to 4 inches of packing material, or
enough to prevent the power meter from moving in the carton. If packing
foam is not available , the best alternative is SD-240 Air Cap

TM

from Seal ed
Air Corporation (Commerce, CA 90001). Air Cap looks like a plastic sheet
covered with 1-1/4 inch air filled bubbles. Use the pink Air Cap to reduce
static electricity. Wr ap the power meter several times in the material to both
protect the power meter and prevent it from moving in the ca rton.

4. Seal the shipping container securely with s trong nylon adhesive tape.

5. Mark the shipping container “FRAGILE, HANDLE WITH CARE” to
ensure careful handling.

6. Retain copies of all shipping papers.

x Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

About this Guide

About this Guide

• Chapter 1: Specifications

This chapter li st s the power meter’s spec ifications and describes how to interpret
these sp ecification s.

• Chapter 2: Performance Tests

This chapter contains procedures whic h allow you to test the power meter’s
electri c a l p er f o r man ce to it’s specif i cation s .

• Chapter 3: Adjustments

This chapter contains checks and adjustments that ensure proper perf orm ance of
the power meter.

• Chapter 4: Theory of Operation

This chapter describes how each of the power meter’s individual assemblies
operate.

• Chapter 5: Replaceable Parts

This chapter detai ls the power meter’s repl aceable parts. It also explains how to
assemble and dis as semble the power meter.

• Chapter 6: T r oubleshooting

This chapter con tains troubleshooting flow charts designed to isolate faults in the
Rmt I/O, GP-IB and RS232/422 interface ports.

• Appendix A: “Agilent 432A Power Meters & 478 A Sensors: Additional

Information”
This appendix contains additional informat ion for Agilent 432A power meters and

478A sensors.

• Appendix B: “Equipment Required For Performance Tests And Adjustments”

This appendix lists equipment required for performance tests and adjustments.

• Appendix C: “Measurem ent Uncertainty Analysi s – Power Refere nce Level Test”

• Appendix D: “Measurement Uncertainty Analysis – Ins trum ent Accuracy Test”

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide xi

About this Guide

xii Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Table of Contents

Page

Specifications....................................................................................... 1-1

Introduction................................................................................... 1-2

Power Meter Speci fications.......................................................... 1-3

Video Bandwidth/ Dynamic Range Optimization....................... 1-5

Accuracy.................................................................................. 1-6

Average-only Mode................................................................. 1-6

Normal Mode....... ............................................. ......................1-6

Time Base ............................................................................... 1-6

Zero Set, Zero Drift and Measurement Noise:...................... 1-6

1 mW Power Reference ........ ............................................. ..... 1-7

Measurement Characteristics...................................................... 1-8

Measurement Characteristics................................................ 1-8

Trigger.....................................................................................1-9

Sampling Characte ri s tics............ ............................... ............1-10

Rear Panel Inputs/O utputs..................... ............................... 1-10

Remote Programming ............................................................ 1-11

Physical Specifications........................................................... 1-11

Non-Volatile Me mory.................. ...................................... ..... 1-11

Environmental Specification s. ........................ ............................. 1-12

Operating Environment......................................................... 1-12

Storage Conditions................................................................. 1-12

Regulatory Information................................................................ 1-13

Electromagnetic Compatibility.............................................. 1-13

Product Safety ........................................................................ 1-13

Performance Tests..............................................................................2-1

Introduction .................................................................................. 2-2

Equipment Required.............................................................. 2-2

Performance Test Record ......................................................2-2

Calibration Cycle ................................................................... 2-3

Test Procedures......................................................................2-3

Instrument Accuracy (Normal Path) Test .................................. 2-4

Specification...........................................................................2-4

Description.............................................................................. 2-4

Equipment .............................................................................. 2-4

Test Setup............................................................................... 2-5

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide Contents-1

Procedure................................................................................2-6

Instrument Acc ur a cy (Average Path) Tes t ................................. 2-10

Specification...........................................................................2-10

Description.............................................................................. 2-10

Test Procedure 1 ..................................................................... 2-10

Equipment .............................................................................. 2-10

Test Setup ...............................................................................2-11

Procedure................................................................................2-11

Test Procedure 2 ..................................................................... 2-13

Equipment .............................................................................. 2-13

Test Setup ...............................................................................2-14

Procedure................................................................................2-14

Power Reference Lev el Te st ............ ...................................... ...... 2-17

Description.............................................................................. 2-17

Equipment .............................................................................. 2-19

Test Setup ...............................................................................2-19

Procedure................................................................................2-19

Agilent E-Series Power Sensor Inte rfa ce Test .... ....................... 2-21

Description.............................................................................. 2-21

Equipment .............................................................................. 2-21

Procedure................................................................................2-21

Agilent E932x Power Sensor (Average Path) Func tional Test .. 2-22

Description.............................................................................. 2-22

Equipment .............................................................................. 2-22

Test Setup ...............................................................................2-22

Procedure................................................................................2-22

Time Base Accuracy Test ............................................................ 2-26

Specification............................................................................ 2-26

Description.............................................................................. 2-26

Equipment .............................................................................. 2-26

Test Setup ...............................................................................2-26

Procedure................................................................................2-27

Output Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) Test .................................. 2-28

Specification............................................................................ 2-28

Description.............................................................................. 2-28

Equipment .............................................................................. 2-30

Test Setup ...............................................................................2-30

Procedure................................................................................2-30

Performance Test Record .............................................................2-35

Adjustments..........................................................................................3-1

Introduction................................................................................... 3-2

Safety Considerations............................................................ 3-2

Contents-2 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Equipment Required.............................................................. 3-3

Post-Repair Adju s tments ................................ ...................... 3-3

Power Reference Oscillator Frequency Adjustment .................. 3-4

Description.............................................................................. 3-4

Equipment .............................................................................. 3-4

Procedure................................................................................ 3-4

Power Reference Oscillator Level Adjustment ........................... 3-6

Description.............................................................................. 3-6

Equipment .............................................................................. 3-9

Procedure................................................................................ 3-9

Measurement Uncertainty..................................................... 3-11

Display Brightn es s and Contrast Adjustment ........................ ... 3-12

Introduction............................................................................ 3-12

Procedure................................................................................ 3-12

Theory Of Operation ..........................................................................4-1

Introduction................................................................................... 4-2

A1 Power Supply .......... ....................... ...................................... ... 4-3

A2 Processor Assembly .............................. .................................. 4-4

A3 Front Panel Assembly ................................. ........................... 4-7

A4 Comms Assembly .............. ............................... ......................4-8

A5 Daughter Assembly ......... ........................ .............................. .4-9

A6 Measurement Assembl y ............ ....................... ...................... 4-10

Functional Block Diagram ........................................................... 4-13

Replaceable Parts............................................................................... 5-1

Introduction................................................................................... 5-2

Assembly Part Numbers .............................................................. 5-3

Front Panel Connector Repair .................................................... 5-5

Firmware Upgrades .......................................... ........................... 5-6

Assembly and Disassembly Guidelines ...................................... 5-7

Removing the Power Meter Cover.........................................5-7

Removing the A1 Power Supply Assembly .......................... 5-8

Removing the A2 Processor Assembly ..................................5-9

Removing the A4 Comms Assembly ..................................... 5-11

Removing the A5 Daughter or A6 Measurement Assemblies 5-12

Removing the A7 Fan Assembly ........................................... 5-13

Removing the Power Meter RAM Battery (BT1) ................. 5-14

Removing the A3 Front Panel Assembly .............................. 5-15

Replacing the Front Panel Power Reference Cable Assembly 5-18
Replacing the Rear Panel Power Sensor Cable Assemblies

(Options 002 and 003) ........................................................... 5-19

Replacing the Rear Panel Power Reference Cable Assembly

(Option 003) ........................................................................... 5-21

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide Contents-3

Replacing the Rear Panel Recorder Output Cable Assembly 5-22

Replacing The Chassis Assemb l y........................ .................. 5-23

Troubleshooting.................................................................................. 6-1

Introduction .................................................................................. 6-2

Suggested Diagnost ic Equipment ......................... ................ 6-2

Agilent 432A Power Meters & 478A Sensors:

Additional Information......................................................................A-1

Appendix A........... ................. ............................... .........................A-2

Equipment Required For Performance Tests And AdjustmentsB-1

Summary Table ............................................................................ B-2

Measur ement U nc ertainty Analysis Power Ref Level Test ......C-3

Measurement Introduction........................................................... C-4

Define the Measuran d...... ................. .....................................C-4

Define the Measurement Equati on................ .......................C-4

Uncertainty Equation ............................................................C-6

Voltage Measurement s Uncertainty....... ................ ..............C-6

Mismatch ................................................................................C-7

Calibration factor ...................................................................C-9

Sensor Calibration Factor Drift.............................................C-9

Resistance...............................................................................C-10

Repeatability.......................................... ....... ..........................C-10

Sensitivit y Coeffi cients (Ci)........... ............................... .........C-12

Combined Standard Uncer tai nty (uc(y))...... ................ .........C-14

Expanded Uncertaint y.......... ........................ .........................C-14

Measur emen t Unce rt ain ty Anal ys is I nstr umen t Acc ur acy Tes tD-15

Measurement Introduction...........................................................D-16

Uncertainties..........................................................................D-17

Define the Measurand...... ...................................... ................D-17

Define the Measurement Equati on....... ................ ................D-17

Sensitivit y Coeffi cients Ci:......... ................ ........................ ....D-22

Combined Standard Uncer tai nty uc(y):................................D-23

Expanded Uncertai nty kuc(y):............ ............................... ....D-23

Contents-4 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

1

Specifications

Specifications

Introduction

Introduction

This chapter details the power meter’s specific atio n s and supp lem e ntal
characteristics.

Specifications: describe the warranted performance and apply after a 30
minute warm-up . The se specifications are valid over the power meter’s
operating and environmental range unless otherwise stated and after
performing a zero and calibrati on pr ocedu r e.

Supplemental characte ristics : shown in it alics , are inten ded t o prov ide
informatio n useful in app lyin g the power meter by giving typical
(expected), bu t non warra nte d per form a n ce pa ram e ters. These
characteristics are shown in italics or denoted as “typical”, “nominal” or
“approximate”.

Measurement uncertainties: for information on measurement
uncertainty calc ulations, refer to Agilent A pp lica tio n N o te 64-1,
“Fundamentals of RF and Microwave Power Measurements”, Literature
Number 5965-6380E.

Compatibility: the EPM-P series power meters operate with the E-ser ies
E9320 family of power sensors for peak, avera ge and time gated
measurements. The EPM-P series meters also operate with existin g 8480
series, E-series E4410 and E9300 ranges of power sensors for average
power measurements.

Measurement Modes: the EPM-P s e ries powe r meters have tw o
measurement modes:

• Normal mode: (default mode using E-series E9320 sensors) for peak,
average and time related measurements.

• Average-only mode: this mode is primarily for average power
measurements on low level signals , when using E-series E9320 sensors ,
and is the mode used with 8480 series and E -series E4410 an d E9300
ranges of power sensors.

1-2 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Specifications

Power Meter Specifications

Power Meter Specifications

Frequen c y Range 9 kHz to 1 1 0 GHz , p ower se nsor

dependent.

Pow er Range -70dBm to +44dBm (100pW to

25 W), power sensor dependent.

Pow er Sen sors Compatible with all Agilent 8480

series power sen sors an d
Agilent E-series power sensors.

Single Sensor Dynamic Range

• E-series E9320 peak and
average sensors:

70 dB maximum (Normal mode).

85 dB maximum (Average-only
mode).

• E-series E4410 sensors: 90dB.

• E-series E9300 average sensors: 80dB maximum.

• 8480 series sensors: 50 dB maximu m .

Display Units

• Absolute: Wa t ts or dBm.

• Relative: Percent or dB.

Display Resolution

• Selectable resolutio n of: 1.0, 0.1, 0.01 and 0.001 dB in 1, 2, 3

and 4 significant digits in lin ea r
mode.

• Default Resolutio n : 0.01 dB in logar ithm ic m ode 3 digits

in linear mode.

• Offset Range: ±100 dB in 0.001 dB increm ents to

compensate for external loss or
gain.

• Video Bandwidth
(Modula tio n Ba ndwidth): 5 MHz (set by meter and is sensor

dependent).

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide 1-3

Specifications

Powe r Me te r S p ecifica t ions

Note The video bandwidth represents the ability of the power sensor

and meter to follow the power envelope of the input signal. The
power envelope o f t he input signa l is , in some cases , determin ed by
the signal’s modula t i on bandwi dth, a nd hence video band w idth is
sometimes referred to as modulation bandwidth.

1-4 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Specifications

Video Bandwidth/ Dynamic Range Optimizati on

Video Bandwidth/ Dynamic Range Optimization

The power measur em ent sy s tem — comp rising the sensor a n d met er—h a s
its maximum video bandwid t h defin ed by the E-series E9320 po wer
sensor. To optimize the system’s dynamic range for peak power
measureme nts, the Video Ba nd width in the meter can be set to High,
Medium, or Low as detailed in Table 1. The filte r vide o band widths
stated in the table are not the 3 dB bandw id th as th e video band w id ths
are corrected for optimal flatness. Refer to the E-Series E9320 power
sensor Operating and Service Guide for information on the sensor’s peak
flatness response. A filter Off mode is also provide d.

Figure 1 Video Bandwidth vs. P eak Power Dynamic Range

V ideo Bandwidth / Maximum Peak Power Dynam ic Range

Sensor

E9321A
E9325A

E9322A
E9326A

E9323A
E9327A

Off High Medium Low

300 kHz/

−40 dBm to
+20 dBm

1.5 MHz/

−36dBm to
+20 dBm

5 MHz/

−32 dBm to
+20 dBm

300 kHz/

−42 dBm to
+20 dBm

1.5 MHz/

−37 dBm to
+20 dBm

5 MHz/

−

32 dB m t o

+20 dBm

100 kHz/

−43 dBm to
+20 dBm

300 kHz/

−38 dBm to
+20 dBm

1.5 MHz/

−34 dBm to
+20 dBm

30 kHz/

−45 dBm to
+20 dBm

100 kHz/

−39 dBm to
+20 dBm

300 kHz/

−36 dBm to
+20 dBm

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide 1-5

Specifications

Video Bandwidth/ Dynamic Range Optimization

Accuracy

• Instrumentat io n: Add the corresponding power sensor
linearity percentage (Refer to the
Specifications section in the User’s
Guide supplied with your power
sensor).

Average -only Mode

• Absolute: Logarithmic ±0.02 dB
Linear ±0.5%

•Relative: Logarithmic ±0.04dB
Linear ±1.0%

Normal Mode

• Absolute and relati ve accuracy vs. temperat u re is shown in the

following table:

Calibration

Temperature

Absolute accuracy (log )

Absolute accuracy (lin ear)

Relative accuracy (log)

Relative accuracy (linear)

1

Power mete r is wi thin ± 5 °C of its calibration temperature.

± 0.04 dB ± 0.08 dB

± 0.08 dB ± 0.16 dB

1

±5 °C

± 0.8% ± 1.7%

± 1.6% ± 3.4%

Temperature

0 to 55°C

Time Base

0.01%.

Zero Set, Zero Drift and Measurement Noise:

For E-series E9320 sensors, refer to the Specifications Section in the
E-series E9320 power sensor s O p eratin g and Service Guide.

1-6 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Specifications

Video Bandwidth/ Dynamic Range Optimizati on

1 mW Power Reference

1

• Pow er Output: 1.00 mW (0.0 dBm).

• Accura cy : (for two years)

±0.9% (0 to 55 ºC).
±0.6% (25±10 ºC).
±0.5% (23±3 ºC).

• Frequency: 50 MHz nomi na l .

• SWR: 1.06 maximum (1.08 maximum for
option 003).

• Connector Type: Type N (f), 50 ohms.

1. National metrology institutes of member states of the Metre Convention, such as the Nat ional Institute of
Standards and Technology in the USA, are signatories to the Comité Internat ional des Poids et Mesures
Mutual Recognition Arrangement. Furt her information is available from the the Bure au International de s
Poids et Mesures, at http://www.bipm.fr/

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide 1-7

Specifications

Measurement Characteristics

Measurement Characteristics

Measurement Characteristics

• Measurements: Average Power.
Peak Power .
Peak-to-Average ratio.
Measurements between two time
offsets (time gating).

• Averaging: Averaging over 1 to 1024 readings is
available for reducing noise.

• Measurement Speed (GPIB):

Over the G P I B, thre e m easurem ent modes are a va i l a b l e - No r mal, X2
and Fast. The typi cal maxi mum spe ed for each mod e i s sh own in the
following table:

Measurement Speed

(readings per second)

Sensor Type

Normal x2 Fast

1,2

E-Series E9320 peak
and av erage sensors

E-series E4410 and E-s er ies E930 0 a v erage power
sensors

Average- only mode 20 40 400
Normal mode

3

20 40 1000
20 40 400

8480 series Po wer sensors 20 40 N.A.

1

Fast speed not available for 8480 series sensors.

2

Maximum measurement speed is obt ained by us ing binar y output in fr ee

run trigger mode.

3

For E-series E9320 sensors maximum speed is achie ved usin g binary

output in free run acquisition.

1-8 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Specifications

Measurement Characteristics

• Channel Functions: A, B, A/B , B/A, A −B, B−A, and
relative.

• Storage Registers: 10 instrument states can be saved
via Save/Recall menu.

• Predefined setups: For common wireless standards
(GSM900, EDGE, NADC, iDEN,
Bluetooth, IS-95 CDMA, WCDMA
and cdma2000),predefined setups
are p rovi d ed.

Trigger

• Sources: Internal, External TTL, GPIB, and
RS232/422.

• Time Resolution: 50 ns.

• Delay Range: ±1.0 s.

• Delay Resolution: 50 ns for del ays <±50 ms otherwise

200 ns.

• Hold-off: Range: 1 µs to 400 ms
Resolution: 1% of selected value
(minimum of 100ns).

• Internal Trig ge r: Range: −20 to +20 dBm.

• Level Accuracy: ±0.5 dB.

• Resolution: 0.1 dB.

•Latency: 500 ns ±100ns.

Latency is defin e d as the delay betwe e n th e applie d RF cro ssing the
trigger level and the power meter switching into the triggered state.

• External Trig ger Ra n ge : High >2.0 V, Low <0.8 V; BNC
connector; rising or falling edge
triggered; input impedance >1 kΩ.

• Trigger Out: Out put provides TTL compati b l e
levels (High >2.4 V, Low <0.4 V) and
uses a BNC connector.

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide 1-9

Specifications

Measurement Characteristics

Sampling Characteristics

• Sampling Rate: 20 Msamples/second.

• Sampling Technique: continuous sampling.

Rear Panel Inputs/Outputs

• Recorder Output(s): Analog 0 to 1 V, 1 kΩ output
impedance, BNC connector
(Two outputs are availabl e on the
E4417A: Channel A and B).

• Remote Input/Output: TTL Output: used to signal when
measurement has exceeded a
defined limit.
TTL Input: initiates ze ro and
calibration rou tine
Connector type: R J-45 se ries
shielded mod ular jack asse m bly.
TTL Output: high=4.8V max ,

low=0.2V max.
TTL Input: high=3.5V min., 5V
max; low=1Vmax, −0.3V mi n.

• RS-232/422 Interface: Serial interface for commun icati on
with an external con tro ller,
Male/Plug 9 pin D-s ubm in iature
connector.

• Trigger In: Accepts a TTL signal for initiating
measurements, BNC connector.

• Trigger Out: O ut pu ts a TTL si gn a l for
synchronizin g with extern al
equipment, BNC connector.

• Ground: Binding post, accepts 4mm plug or
bare wire connection.

• Line Power: Input Voltage Range: 85 to 264
Vac, autom a tic sele ction.
Input Frequ e nc y R ange: 47 to
440Hz.
Power Requir ement: ≈ 50 VA
(Watts).

1-10 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Specifications

Measurement Characteristics

Remote Programming

• Interface: GPIB interface operates to IEEE

488.2 and IEC-625. RS-232 and
RS-422 interfaces are supplied as
standard.

• Command L a ng ua g e: SCPI standard inter f ace co m m ands.

• GPIB Compatibilit y: SH1, AH1, T6, TE0, L4, LE0, SR1,
RL1, PP1, DC1, DT1, C0.

Physical Sp ecif icati ons

• Dimensions

(excluding front and rear
panel protrusions): 212.6 mm W x 88.5 mm H

x 348.3 mm D
(8.5 in x 3.5 in x 13.7 in).

• Weight (Net): E4416A: 4.0 Kg (8.8 lb)

approximately.
E4417A: 4.1 Kg (9.0 lb)
approximately.

• Weight (Shipping): E4416A: 7.9 Kg (17.4 lb)
approximately.
E4417A: 8.0 Kg (17.6 lb)
approximately.

Non-Volatile Memory

• Battery Lithium Polycarbon Monoflouride,
approximate lifet i me 5 years at 25 ºC.

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide 1-11

Specifications

Environmental Speci fi cations

Environmental Specifications

Operating Environment

•Temperature: 0ºC to 55ºC.

• Maximum Humidity: 95% at 40ºC (non-condensin g).

• Minimum Humidity: 15% at 40ºC.

• Maximum Altitude: 3,000 meters (9,840 feet).

Storage Conditions

• Storage Temperature: −20ºC to +70º C.

•Non-Operating Maximum
Humidity: 90% at 65ºC (non-condensing).

• Non-Operating Maximum
Altitude: 15,240 meters (50,000 feet).

1-12 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Specifications

Regul a to r y In f o rm a t io n

Regulatory Information

Electromagnetic Compatibility

This product conforms with the protection requirements of European
Council Directive 89/336/EEC for Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC).
The conformity assessment requirements have be en met usin g the
technical const ru ction file route to compliance, using EMC test
specifications EN 55011:1991 (Group 1, Class A) and EN 50082-1:1992. In
order to preserve the EMC performance of the product, any cable which
becomes worn or damaged must be replaced with the same type and
specification .

Product Safety

This product confor ms to the requirements of European Council Dire ct i ve
73/23/EEC, and meets the following safety standards:

IEC61010-1(1990) + A1 (1992) + A2 (1995)/EN 61010-1 (1993)
IEC 825-1(1993)/EN 60825-1 (1994)
Canada / CSA C22.2 No. 1010.1-93

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide 1-13

Specifications

Regulatory Information

1-14 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

2

Perfo rmance Te sts

Per formance Tests

Introduction

Introduction

The performance tests described in this chapter test the power meter’s
electrical performance against the specifications detailed in chapter 1.
They are used for incoming inspection, the calibration cycle (also called
periodic maintenance), or after repairs have been made.

Note The following cond itio ns mu st be met fo r valid p erfo rm ance tests:

• The power meter and test equipment must have a 30 minute

warm-up for all specific ations.

• The line voltage for the power meter must be 85 to 264 Vac and the

line frequency must be 50 to 440 Hz.

• The ambient temperature must be 00 to 550C.

The following performance tests are described in this chapter:

• Instrument acc ur acy (n orm al pa th ) test.

• Instrument accuracy (average path) test.

• Power reference level test.

• Agilent E-Seri es p o wer se ns or inte r fa ce te st.

• Agilent E932x power sen sor (averag e path ) function al test.

• Time base accuracy test.

• Output standing wave ratio (SWR) test.

Equipment Required

Each performance test descr i pt io n deta ils the equipment required by the
test. In addition, Appendi x B summarize s the equipment required for all
performance te sts an d adjustme nts.

Performance Test Record

Performance test results can be recorded in Table 2-8, “Performance Test
Record,” on page 2-35. The Performance Test Record table lists the
performance test specifications and the acceptable limits for each
specification .

2-2 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Performance Tests

Introduction

Calibration Cycle

Agilent E4416A and E4417A power meters require performance tests to
be run every two years to verify that they are operating within specified
tolerances. Under conditions of heavy usage or severe operating
environments, this calibrat i on cycle should be perf ormed more frequently.

Test Proce dures

It is assumed that the p erso n pe rfo rming the tests unde rs tand s ho w to
operate the specified test equipment. Equipment settings, other than
those for the power meter, are stated in general terms. It is assumed that
the person will sele ct the prop e r ca bles, adapter s, and probes requir ed fo r
test setups illust rated in this chapter.

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide 2-3

Per formance Tests

Instrument Accuracy (Normal Path) Test

Instrument Accuracy (Normal Path) Test

Specification

Electric al Characteristics

Accuracy 0.8% or 0.04 dB

Performance Limits

(maximum)

Description

This test verifies the accuracy of the normal path in the power meter by
calculating linear error over 50 samples. The standard deviation is then
calculated using the non-b i ased or n-1 method:

Equation 2-1: Standard Deviation

∑

2

x

2

nx

σ

∑

----------------------------------------=

()

–

nn 1–()

The test result is obtained by applyi ng a factor of K = 2.58:

Equation 2-2: Accuracy

Accuracy 2.58σ=

This accuracy fig ure repr es ents electrical per forman ce of t h e nor mal pat h
with confidence limits of 99%.

Equipment

• Power s ensor : Agil en t E9321A.

• 2 x Power sensor cable: Agilent E9288A.

• 30 dB reference attenuator: Agilent 11708A.

• Digital voltmeter (DVM): Agilent 3458A.

2-4 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Instrument Accuracy (Normal Path) Test

• Breakout box kit: Agilent E9288 opt. K01
(comprises a breakout box (coupler) and a pair of interconnecting
red/black leads).

Test Setup

Power
Sensor

Power sensor

cable

Performance Tests

Pow er Me ter

Power ref

Breakout box

Digital Voltmeter

CHANNEL A

Power sensor

cable

red

black

Figure 2-1: Instrument Accuracy (Normal Path) Test Setup

+ input

- input

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide 2-5

Per formance Tests

t

C

Z

l

S

S

Instrument Accuracy (Normal Path) Test

Procedure

Use the following procedur e to perfo rm the instr u ment accu rac y
(normal path) test:

Note The procedure detai ls the key presses required on the

Agilent E4416A. For the Agilent E4417A the equivalent key presse s
should be performed on both channels.

1. Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 2-1.

2. Switch the p o wer mete r o n.

3. Preset the instrument:
Press then .

4. Zero the power meter:
Press , . Wait approxim ately 25 seconds fo r the wa it
symbol to disappear.

5. Reset the digital voltmete r:
On the DVM press Shift (the blue key below the DVM display window),

6. Remove a n y o ffs et err ors introduced by the D VM and the breakout box
kit with no power applied:

•On the DVM press Shift, Auto Zero.

•P ress five times. The word “ma th” is shown on the DVM dis p lay

•Press once.

•Press eight times. The words “math null” are shown on the DVM

•P ress E n te r to co mpl et e th e ke y seque nc e.

7. Turn on the power referen ce:
Press , .

8. Connect the E9321A sensor to the power reference.

9. Calibrate the system:

•For the E4416A press , .

•For the E4417A press , , .

Prese
Local

Zero
Cal

onfirm

ero

to reset the instrument.

window.

display window.

Zero
Cal

Power Ref On

Zero
Cal

Zero
Cal

Ca

CalCal A

10.Provide a point of reference against which the power meter can base its
measurements:

Fast Path

•Setup: press , , , , , , .

System

More

ervice

elf Test

More

Accuracy

Ref Volts
at 0.0dBm

2-6 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Performance Tests

r

e

Instrument Accuracy (Normal Path) Test

•Entry: read the value shown on the DVM display. Set the reference
voltage on the pop-up window on the power meter to this value and
press . This value provides a point of refere nc e th at allows the

Ente

power meter and DVM measureme n ts to be compar ed at varying
power levels.

Note When operating the power meter in this test mode , the range of power

levels that can be applied is +3dBm to -30dBm. Power levels outside
this range may cause inaccurate results to be obtained and in some
cases may cause damage to the E9321A sensor.

11.Conn ect the 30d B referenc e atte nua tor as show n in Figure 2-2:

Power ref

Powe r Met er

CHANNEL A

Power sensor

cable

Power
Sensor

Attenuator

Power sensor

cable

red

Digital Voltmeter

+ input

- input

Breakout box

black

Figure 2-2: Test Setup With Attenuator Connected

12.Take a measurement:
Wait 30 seconds to allow the power level to set tle, then pre ss

Measur

on the power meter.

13.Record the value s d is p la ye d on b ot h t he power met er a nd DVM
displays. Note down the value s in Table 2-1.

Note These values tend to drift. They must therefore be recorded

simultaneously o r wit h as small a d elay as possi ble betw een them .

14.Re pea t step 13 a further 49 times to ob tain a set of 50 pairs of
measured values.

15.Calculate the measurement error for each pair of measured values
using the following equation:

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide 2-7

Per formance Tests

Instrument Accuracy (Normal Path) Test

Equation 2-3: Measurement Error

DVMValue PowerMeterValue–()



x

16.Calculate the linear standard deviation of the data using Equation 2-1,

17.Calc ulat e the res ult of the linear accu rac y test usi ng Equ ation 2-2.

Table 2-1: Instrument Accuracy (Normal Path) Test: Results Table

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



Note down each x value in the Error Value (x) column of Table 2-1.

where n = number of samples (50) and x = calculated error values
(listed in the Error Val ue (x) column of Table 2-1)

Enter the result into Table 2-8, “Performance Test Record,” on
page 2-35, ensuring that the value is within its published specification.

DVMValue

100×=

%

Sample

Number

126
227
328
429
530
631
732
833

934
10 35
11 36
12 37
13 38

Power

Meter

Value

DVM

Value

Error
Value

(x)

Sample

Number

Power

Meter

Value

DVM

Value

Error
Value

(x)

2-8 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Performance Tests

Instrument Accuracy (Normal Path) Test

Sample

Number

Power

Meter
Value

DVM

Value

Error
Value

(x)

14 39
15 40
16 41
17 42
18 43
19 44
20 45
21 46
22 47
23 48
24 49
25 50

Sample

Number

Power

Meter

Value

DVM

Value

Error
Value

(x)

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide 2-9

Per formance Tests

Instrument Accuracy (Average Path) Test

Instrument Accuracy (Average Path) Test

Specification

Electric al Characteristics Perform ance Limits

Accuracy ±0.5% or ±0.02 dB

1. This performance limit does not include the correspond i ng sens or power
linearity spec ification.

1

Description

The power meter accuracy is verified for various power inputs. There are
two different me tho ds d e scr ibed in this section that can be used to
perform this test. One of these methods has a higher measurement
uncert ainty value associat ed w ith it.

Test Proce dure 1

Note The measuremen t unc er tai n ty of this test procedure i s relatively high

at power levels of 30uW and below, as it uses a standard 11683A
Range Calibrator. As such, this test procedure should be used for
indication only.

Equipment

• Range calibrator: Agilent 11683A.

• Power sensor cable: Agilent E9288A.

2-10 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Test Setup

t

C

s

W

y

4

Performance Tests

Instrument Accuracy (Av erage Path) Test

Power M e t e r

Range
Calibrator

CHANNEL A

Power sensor cable

Figure 2-3: In strument Accuracy (Average Path) Test Set up

Procedure

Use the following procedur e to perfo rm the instr u ment accu rac y
(average path) test:

Note The procedure detai ls the key presses required on the

Agilent E4416A. For the Agilent E4417A the equivalent key presse s
should be performed on both channels.

1. Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 2-3.

2. Switch the p o wer mete r o n.

3. Preset the instrument:
Press then .

4. Set the display units to watts:
Press , , .

5. Set the display resolution:
Press , then press until is selected.

6. Set the range calibrator as follo w s:

•RANGE: 3 µW

•POLARITY: NORMAL

•FUNCTION: STANDBY

•LINE: ON

Prese
Local

Meas
Display

Meas
Displa

onfirm

Unit

Resolution

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide 2-11

Per formance Tests

l

e

e

r

o

Cal

Instrument Accuracy (Average Path) Test

Note When switching the range calibrator to STANDBY, allow enough time

for the range calibra tor to settle to its zero value bef o re atte m pting to
zero the power meter. This settling would appear on the power meter
display as downward drift. When the drift has reached minimum,
(typically less than 60 secon d s), the range cal ibrat or is se ttled .

7. Set the filter length:

•Press .

Channe

•Highlight the Filter parame ter using the up / d ow n arr o w keys.

•Scroll through the Filter values by pressing . Select a value

Chang

of MAN.

•Highlight the filter length using the forward arrow key. Press

Chang

. The Filter Length pop-up window is displayed. Set the filter

length to 512.

•Press .

Ente

8. Zero the power meter:
Press , . Wait approximately 10 seconds for the wait

Zero
Cal

Zer

symbol to disappear.

9. Set the range calibrator’s FUNCTION switch to CALIBRATE.

10.Set th e range cal ibrator’s RANGE switch to 1 mW.

11.C alibr ate the p ow er m ete r:
Press , .

Zero
Cal

12.Se t the ran ge calibrator’s RANGE switch to th e positio n s sho wn in
Table 2-2. For each set ting, verify that the p ower met e r’s re a d i ng is
within the limits shown.

Table 2-2: Instrument Accuracy Results (For Indication Only)

Range

Calibrator

Setting

Min

1

Max

1

Channel A

Actual Results

Channel B

Actual Results

(E4417A only)

3 µW 3.100 µW 3.230 µW _______________ _______________
10 µW 9.900 µW 10.10 µW _______________ _______________
30 µW 31.40 µW 31.80 µW _______________ _______________

100 µW 99.50 µW 100.5 µW _______________ _______________
300 µW 314.00 µW 318.00 µW _______________ _______________

2-12 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Performance Tests

Instrument Accuracy (Av erage Path) Test

Range

Calibrator

Setting

Min

1

Max

1

Channel A

Actual Results

Channel B

Actual Results

(E4417A only)

1 mW 0.995 mW 1.005 mW _______________ _______________

3 mW 3.141 mW 3.171 mW _______________ _______________
10 mW 9.984 mW 10.08 mW _______________ _______________
30 mW 31.63 mW 31.94 mW _______________ _______________

100 mW 100.9 mW 101.8 mW _______________ _______________

1. These pe rformance limit s are dete rm ined by the zero set specification of the power s ensor used in
the measurement plus the measurement noise.

Note The nominal outputs for the 3 µW, 30 µW, 300 µW, 3 mW, 10 mW,

30 mW and 100 mW settings are 3.16 µW , 31.6 µW, 316 µW, 3.156 mW,

10.03 mW, 31.78 m W, and 101.3 mW resp ectiv e ly.

It is not nec essa ry t o che ck i nst rume nt acc ur acy i n dBm. The p ower m eter
uses the same internal circuitry to measure power and mathematically
converts watts to dBm.

Test Proce dure 2

Note This test procedure makes use of a 11683A Ran ge Calibra to r fitted

with option H01. The measure ment uncer tainty of this test procedure
is significantly lower than the previously described method (refer to
Appendix D “Measurement Uncertainty Analysis – Instrument Accuracy Te st”
for a description of the measurem ent un cer taint y analy sis ). As such,
this test procedure should be used to ensure the power meter meets
it's published specification.

Equipment

• Range Calibrator: Agilent 11683A Option H01

• Power Sensor Cable: Agilent E9288A

• DC Calibrator: Datron 4000A

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide 2-13

Per formance Tests

Instrument Accuracy (Average Path) Test

Test Setup

Power Meter

DC Calibrator

CHANNEL A

Power sensor cable

Range
Calibrator

Figure 2-4: In strument Accuracy (Average Path) Test Set up

Procedure

Note The following procedure should be performed for the Instrument

Accuracy T es t.The procedure detail s the key presse s requi red on the
Agilent E4416A. For the Agilent E4417A the equivalent key presse s
should be performed on both channels.

1. Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 2-4.

2. Unplug the range calibrator's power cord. Due to a ground loop design
problem with the 11683A option H01 range calibrator, it does not
operate properly unless ground loops are eliminated. The range
calibrator continues to operate with no power applied, and
disconnecting the power cord eliminates the problem.

WARNI NG There is a small risk of mild electrical shock from the

chassis of the 11683A option H01 range calibrator unless
the power meter is connected.

3. Figure 2-4 shows the HI/LO output s of the DC cal ibrat or conn e cted to
the DC reference input of the range calibrator. Ensure that the Guard
and LO output of the DC calibrator are floating, and are not connected
to the earth ground.

4. Switch the p o wer mete r o n.

2-14 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Performance Tests

t

C

s

W

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4

l

e

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Instrument Accuracy (Av erage Path) Test

5. Preset the instrument:
Press then .

Prese
Local

onfirm

6. Set the display units to watts:

Meas

Press , , .

Display

Unit

7. Set the display resolution:
Press , then press until is selected.

Meas
Displa

Resolution

8. Set the range calibrator as follo w s:

•RANGE: 100 mW

•POLARITY: NORMAL

•FUNCTION: STANDBY

•REF SWITCH: EXT

•LINE: OFF

Note When switching the range calibrator to STANDBY, allow enough time

for the range calibra tor to settle to its zero value bef o re atte m pting to
zero the power meter. This settling would appear on the power meter
display as downward drift. When the drift has reached minimum,
(typically less than 60 seconds), the range calibrator is settled .

9. Set the DC calibrator as follows:

• SET VALUE: 0 (ZERO)

• FUNCTION: DC

• OUTPUT: OFF

10.Se t the filte r leng th:

•Press .

Channe

•Highlight the Filter parame ter using the up / d ow n arr o w keys.

•Scroll through the Filter values by pressing . Select a value

Chang

of MAN.

•Highlight the filter length using the forward arrow key. Press

Chang

. The Filter Length pop-up window is displayed. Set the filter

length to 512.

•Press .

Ente

11.Ze r o the po wer m ete r:
Press , . Wait approximately 10 seconds for the wait

Zero
Cal

Zer

symbol to disappear.

12.Set the DC calibrator output to 144.93mV, and set the output switch to
'+'.

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide 2-15

Per formance Tests

Cal

Instrument Accuracy (Average Path) Test

13.C alibr ate the p ow er m ete r:
Press , .

Zero
Cal

14.Set the DC calibrator output to the values shown in Table 2-3. For each
setting, set the filter length of the power meter to the carbon-dating
value, and verify that the power meter reading is within the limits
shown. Refer to step 10 for details on how to setup the filter length.

Table 2-3: Instrument Accuracy Results

DC

Calibrator

Setting

458.31uV 3.1623 uW 256 0. 028 uW 3.0977uW 3.2269uW

1.4493mV 10uW 256 0.027 uW 9.904 uW 10.096uW

4.5831mV 31.6228uW 256 0.027 uW 31.428uW 31.8 19uW

14.493mV 100uW 64 0.073 uW 99.49uW 100.51uW

45.831mV 316.2278uW 64 0.104 uW 314.72uW 317.74uW

144.93mV 1mW 16 0.2 uW 0.9954mW 1.0047mW

459.12mV 3.1623mW 16 0.9 uW 3.1477mW 3.1769mW

Effective

Power

Applied

Power

Meter
Filter

Setting

Meas

Unc

Lower

Limit

Ch A

Result

Ch B

Result

Upper

Limit

1.4588V 10mW 16 1.6 uW 9.954mW 10.046mW

4.6872V 31.6228mW 16 4.8 uW 31.477mW 31.769mW

15.588V 100mW 16 18.5 uW 99.54mW 100.46mW

Note The test limits shown in this table do not take into acc ount the

correspo nding measur e m e nt un ce rtainty valu e s.

2-16 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Po wer Reference Level Test

Performance Tests

Power Reference Level Test

Electrical

Characteristics

Power reference 1 mW Internal 50 M Hz oscillator

Power refere nce
accura cy setting

Power refere nce
accura cy after
2 years

Performance

Limits

facto ry set to ±0 .4% tr acea ble to
National Phy sica l Labora tory
(NPL), UK.

±0.1% Guardban ded Test Line Limits.

±0.5%

(23 ±3

o

C)

Worst case po wer meter
accuracy, taking into account
the possibilit y of oscil lato r drift
and operation at 55 degree s.

Conditions

Description

This test verifies the power level accuracy of the internal 50 MHz
osci ll ator—a lso called the power reference oscillator. The power reference
oscillator output is factory adjusted to 1 mW ±0.4%. This accuracy
includes a performance limit of 0.1% and a system measurement
uncertainty figure of 0.3% (traceable to the National Physical Laboratory
(NPL), UK). Refer to Appendix C for the measurement uncertainty of the
system.

Note The setting of the osci llat or output accuracy is determined from the

system measurement uncertainty plus any chosen test line limit.
For example, if a test line limit of 1 mW ±0.2% was chosen while

maintaining a system measur ement uncer t a int y of ±0.3%, the overall
accuracy of the test setup for the 1 mW power out pu t beco me s

0.3% + 0.2%, giving a setting accuracy of 0.5%.

If an equivalent measurement system is employ ed f or post-factory test,
the power reference oscillator output can again be set to 1 mW ±0.4%. This
setting is sufficient to ensure that the power reference oscillator meets the
accuracy specification of ±0.5% after 2 years. This specification includes

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide 2-17

Per formance Tests

Power Reference Level Test

the ±0.4% settin g and also tak es into acc o un t othe r facto r s that will
contribute to determining the accuracy after 2 years. The complete
breakdown of the ±0.5% specific atio n is as fo llo ws:

• Test line limit: 0.1%.

• System uncertainty: 0.3%.

• 2 year oscillator drift: 0.04% .

• Delta environment: <0.06%.

The same equipment used to measure the accu racy of the power reference
oscillator can also be used to set it to the post-factory accuracy of ±0.4%
(for further info rmation refer to cha p te r 3, Adjus t m e nts).

The following procedure ensures maximum accuracy in measuring power
reference oscillator output using Agilent test instruments of known
capability. Signal acquisition cri te ria may var y if alterna tive te st
instr umen t s ar e us ed. In s u ch ca se s re f er to the man uf act ur er’s guideline s
for furthe r i nf o r m a ti o n.

The test is performed using Equatio n 2-4:

Equation 2-4: Power Level Provided By The Reference Oscillator

2

2

V

–+

1

P

meas

2V

compV1V0

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -=
4R Calibratio

–()V

0

nFactor()

The components of this equation are defined as foll ows:

is the voltage measured between V

•V

0

comp

and V

with no powe r

RF

applied and after the Agilent 432A has been zeroed.

•V

is the voltage measured between V

1

comp

and V

with power applied.

RF

This power is approx im ately 1 m W.

•V

is the voltage between th e Agilent 432A V

comp

connector and

comp

chassis ground with power applied.

• R is the resistance of the mount resistor in the Agilent 432A power
meter. For furthe r i nf o r mation ref e r t o A p pendix A.

• Calibration Factor is the value of the thermistor mount at 50 MHz

2-18 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Power Reference Level Test

Equipment

• Test power meter: Ag ilent 432 A .

• Thermistor mount: Agil ent 478A opt ion H75 or H76.

• Digital voltmeter (DVM): Agilent 3458A.

Test Setup

Performance Tests

Pow er Me ter

Te st Power Meter

Power
ref

Digital Voltmeter

V

RF

Vcomp

Thermistor
mount

Figure 2-5: Power Reference Level Test Setup

Procedure

Use the following procedure to perfo rm the power reference level test:

Note The procedure detai ls the key presses required on the

Agilent E4416A. For the Agilent E4417A the equivalent key presse s
should be performed on both channels.

1. Set the DVM to me asu re resist ance:
Connect the DVM betw e en the V
Agilent 432A and pin 1 on the thermist or mou nt end of the sens or cab le .
V erify that no power is applied to the Agilent 432A.

2. Round off the DVM reading to two decimal places and note this value

as the internal bridge resistance (R) of the Agilent 432A
(approximately 200 Ω).

•R ____________Ω

3. Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 2-5, ensuring that the DVM

input leads are isolated from chassis ground.

connector on th e rear pa ne l of the

RF

+ input

-input

Note Ensu re that the Agilent 432A and the p o wer meter under tes t have

been powered on for at least 30 minutes be fo re mov ing to step 4.

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide 2-19

Per formance Tests

Power Reference Level Test

4. Preset the power meter:
Press , then on the power meter.

Preset

Local

Confirm

Set the Agilent432A RANGE switch to Coarse Zero. Adjust the front
panel Coarse Zero control to obtain a zero meter indication.

5. Zero the Agilent 432A test power meter:

•Fine zero the Agilent 432A on the most sensitive range.

•Set the RANGE switch to 1 mW.

6. Set the DVM to measure microvolts.

7. Connect the positive an d neg a tive inp u t lea d s to th e V

comp

and VRF

connectors respectively, on the rear panel of the test power meter.

8. Observe the reading on the DVM. If less than 400 µV, proceed to the
next step. If 400 µV or greater, press and hold the test power meter
Fine Zero switch and adjust the Coarse Zero control so that the DVM
indicates 200 µV or less. Release the Fine Zero switch and proceed to
the next step.

9. Round the DVM reading to two decimal places.
Record t h i s re a d i n g a s V

___________

•V

0

.

0

10.Turn t he po wer refe re nce on:
Press , .

Zero
Cal

Power Ref On

11.Round the DVM reading to two decimal places.
Record t h i s re a d i n g a s V

___________

•V

1

12.Disconnect the DVM negative input lead from the V

.

1

connector on the

RF

Agilent 432A. Reconnect it to the Agilent 432A chassis ground.

13.Obs erve the DVM read ing. Record the readin g as V

•V

__________

comp

comp

.

14.C alc ulat e th e Power Referen ce Osc illato r power usin g eq uatio n 2-4.

15.Verify that P

is within the limits shown in Table 2-4 and record the

meas

reading in the table.

Table 2-4: Power Reference Level Test Result

Min Max Actual Resul t

0.999 mW 1.001 mW ________________

2-20 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Performance Tests

Agilent E-Series Power Sensor Interface Test

Agilent E-Series Power Sensor Interface Test

Description

Agilen t E -series p o we r se nsors have s e nsor calib ra tion tables stored in
EEPROM. This enables the power meter to download frequency and
calibration factor data automatically . The frequency and calibration factor
data have checksums wh ich ar e comp ar e d to the d ata d ownlo ade d by the
power meter. For the Agilent E4 417A d ual chann el powe r me ter, this test
must be performed on both channels.

This test verifies th a t t he p o w e r me t e r ca n successf ully downlo a d th is
data from the sensor.

Equipment

• Power sensor cable: Agilent E9288A.

• Power s ensor : Agil en t E9321A.

Procedure

1. Connect the E9321A p owe r sen sor to the power meter ’s Channel A
input. The follow ing message appea rs:

•For the Agilent E4416A: Reading Sensor.

•For the Agilent E4417A: Reading Sensor ChA.

When all data has been downloaded this message disappears and a
reading is displayed on the measu remen t win dow. If the download fails ,
a warning message and error flag are displayed on the front panel. The
SCPI error message -310, System Error is also displayed.

Note When no power sensor is connected to the Channel A input, the

following message is displa y ed on the measure ment win dow:

• For the Agilent E4416A: No Sensor.

• For the Agilent E4417A: No Sensor ChA.

2. For the Agilent E4417A repeat step 1 for Channel B.

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide 2-21

Per formance Tests

Agilent E932x Power Sensor (Average Path) Functional Test

Agilent E932x Power Sensor (Average Path)
Functional Test

Description

This test verifies that the meter/sensor combination can make average
path RF measur e men ts in bo th up per and low e r pow e r range s.

Agilent E-series power sensors operate over a wide dynamic range: the
value is s ensor dependent and r a nges from -70 dBm to +44 dBm. However
as there is an amplifier in these power sensors, the voltages presented to
the power sensor connector are alw a y s with i n the range of volta ge s
available from the Agilent 11683A range calibra to r.

Equipment

• Power sensor cable: Agilent E9288A.

• Reference attenuator: Agilent 11708A.

• Power s ensor : Agil en t E9321A.

Test Setup

Refer to Figure 2-6 and Figure 2-7 below.

Procedure

Use the following procedur e to perfo rm the test:

Note The procedure detai ls the key presses required on the

Agilent E4416A. For the Agilent E4417A the equivalent key presse s
must be performed on both channels.

2-22 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Agilent E932x Power Sensor (Average Path) Functional Test

C

l

e

r

e

o

Cal

1. Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 2-6.

Power Meter

Pow er Sensor

Power
ref

CHANNEL A

Power sensor ca ble

Figure 2-6: Sensor (Average Path) Functional Test Setup

Performance Tests

2. Preset the instrument:

Press then .

Preset
Local

onfirm

3. Set the sensor mode to AVG only:

Channe

Press .

•Highlight the Sensor Mode paramete r usin g the up / dow n arr o w
keys.

•Press .

Chang

A pop-up window is displayed.

•Scroll through the Sensor Mode values using the up/ do wn a r ro w
keys. Select a value of AVG only.

•Press .

•Press .

Ente

Don

4. Zero the instrument:
Press , . Wait approximately 25 seconds for the wait

Zero
Cal

Zer

symbol to disappear.

5. Press to calibrate the p owe r me te r.

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide 2-23

Per formance Tests

l

e

e

l

e

e

l

e

Agilent E932x Power Sensor (Average Path) Functional Test

6. Connect the 30 dB attenuator as shown in Figur e 2-7.
Power Meter

Pow er Sensor

30 dB attenuator

CHANNEL A

Power sensor cable

Figur e 2-7: S ensor ( A verage Pa th) Func tional Test Setu p W ith

Attenuator

7. Turn the power ref e re nc e on:

Press , .

Zero
Cal

Power Ref On

8. Switch to the power sensor’s lower range:

•Press .

•Scroll th rou gh t he Range val ues by pr essing . Select a val ue of

Channe

Chang

LOWER.

•Press .

Don

9. Verify th at the disp lay reads -30 dBm ±1 dB. Rec o rd t he re a d i ng in

Table 2-5.

10.Switch to the power senso r ’s upper rang e:

•Press .

Channe

•Move to the Range parameter usin g the up / dow n a rr o w keys.

•Scroll th rou gh t he Range val ues by pr essing . Select a val ue of

Chang

UPPER.

•Press .

Don

11.Verify that the display reads -30 dBm ±1 dB. Record the readin g in

Table 2-5.

12.Turn t he po wer refe re nce off:

Press , .

Zero
Cal

Power Ref Off

13.Switch to the power sensor’s lower range:

•Press .

Channe

•Move to the Range parameter usin g the up / dow n a rr o w keys.

•Scroll th rou gh t he Range val ues by pr essing . Select a val ue of

Chang

LOWER.

2-24 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Performance Tests

e

l

e

e

Agilent E932x Power Sensor (Average Path) Functional Test

•Press .

Don

14.Disconnect the 30 dB attenuator and reconnect the test setup as shown
in Figure 2-6.

15.Turn t he po wer refe re nce on:
Press , .

Zero
Cal

Power Ref On

16.Verify that an overload error is displayed on the status li ne at the top
of the power meter’s display and that the di sp lay reads 999. 99 dB m .

17.Switch to the power sensor’s upper range:

•Press .

Channe

•Move to the Range parameter usin g the up / dow n a rr o w keys.

•Scroll th rou gh t he Range val ues by pr essing . Select a val ue of

Chang

UPPER.

•Press .

Don

18.Verify that the display reads 0 dBm ±1 dB. Record the reading.

Table 2-5: Functional Test (Average Path) Results

ChannelB

Test

Channel A

Result

Result

(Agilent E 4417A

Only)

Low Range, 30 dB pad

Upper Range, 30 dB pad

Low Range, no p ad

High Range, no pad

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide 2-25

Per formance Tests

Time Base Accuracy Test

Time Base Accuracy Test

Specification

Electric al Characteristics Perform ance Limits

Frequency accuracy 10 MHz ±0.01%

Description

This test measures t h e a cc uracy of the powe r meter’s time b ase frequency.
Time base frequency determines the accuracy of the sampling rate when
making measurements. Time base frequency is measur ed by atta ching a
frequency counter to the Trig Out socket on the rear of the power meter
then enabling test mode from the servic e menu.

Equipment

• Frequency counter: Agilent 53132A.

Test Setup

Power Meter (rear)

Trig
out

Figure 2-8: Time Base Accuracy Test Setup

Frequency Counter

2-26 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Performance Tests

C

S

S

T

Time Base Accuracy Test

Procedure

Use the following procedur e to perfo rm the test:

1. Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 2-8.

2. Switch on the power meter.

3. Preset the instrument:
Press then .

4. Enable time base test mode:
Press , , , , , , .

5. Note the reading on the frequ e ncy counter and verify that it is within
the limits shown in Table 2-6:

Preset
Local

System

More

onfirm

ervice

elf Test

More

Table 2-6: Time Base Accuracy Result

Min Max Actual Result

9.9990 MHz 10.0010 MHz

ime Base

Enable
10MHz TB

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide 2-27

Per formance Tests

Output Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) Test

Output Standing Wave Rati o (SWR) Test

Specification

Electric al Characteristics

Output SWR 1.06

Perfo rmance Li mits

(maximum)

1

1.082

1. F or instruments with the 50MHz 1mW outp ut (p ower ref) connector
mounted on the front panel.

2. F or instruments with the 50MHz 1mW outp ut (p ower ref) connector
mounted on the rear panel. This applies to models E4416A and E4417A
with option 003 fi tted.

Description

This test measures the standing wave ratio (SW R) of the 50MHz 1mW
output (power ref) connector on the power meter to verify that it is within
its published spe cific atio n .

When RF power is transferred from a source to a load, the level of power
absorbed by the load, P
load and the effective output impedance of the sourc e. This can be
expressed in terms of the voltage reflection coefficients (VRC) as follows:

Equation 2-5: Power Absorbed By The Load

, is dependent on the respective impedance of the

A

2

–

L

2

SΓL

P

1 Γ

ZO

×=

--------------------------

1 Γ

–

P

A

Where:

is the power that the so ur ce will d e liver to a ma tch ed load .

• P

ZO

and ΓL are the VRCs of the source and load respectively.

• Γ

S

This method for mea suring the source mat ch e xplo its this relationsh ip by
presenting the source with two differen t values of Γ

and measuring the

L

power delivered to the load under the two conditions. The load used is a

2-28 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Performance Tests

Output Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) Test

thermistor mount that can be operated at two differ ent resi s tan ces and
can accurately measure the power absorbed. The thermistor mount type
Agilent 478A with option H75 or option H76 normally opera tes at a DC
resistance of 200Ω giving an impedance at RF of 50Ω and Γ
When the thermist or bridg e is set to 100Ω the RF impedan ce is 25 Ω givi ng
a nominal Γ
remains cons tan t unde r th es e two con ditio n s so th at the pow e r rat io
between operation at 200Ω and 100Ω can be accurat e ly measur ed .

of 0.33. The effective efficiency of the thermist or mount

L

close to zero.

L

If the two reflection coefficients are Γ
measurements of P
the same) then the two relationships can be equated as follows:

Equation 2-6:

1 Γ

–

sΓ1

---------------------------

P

1

1 Γ

Therefore:

Equation 2-7:

P

1 Γ

–()

1

------

--------------------------

P

2

1 Γ

–()

The left side of the equation can be replaced by the factor M as follows:

Equation 2-8:

M

–

1 Γ

---------------------------=

1 Γ

2

1

2

2

2

1

–
–

and P2 respectively (but the available power remains

1

2

sΓ2

sΓ1

=

P

1 Γ

---------------------------=

1 Γ

2

2

1 Γ

–

sΓ2

---------------------------

2

1 Γ

–

–
–

2

sΓ2

2

sΓ1

2

and Γ2 and these give the power

1

2

2

This ca nnot be dire ctly solved for Γ
order to solve for Γ
required with a phase difference of approximatel y 120
approximate soluti on usin g two values of Γ
resu l t s p r ovided the pha se an g l e of the s ource is wi thin ±40

o

±180

.

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide 2-29

additional values of load reflection coefficient are

S

because it is a complex q uan tity. In

S

o

. However an

can give adequately accurate

L

o

of 0o or

Per formance Tests

Output Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) Test

Equipment

• Test power meter: Ag ilent 432 A .

• Thermistor mount: Agil ent 478A opt ion H75 or H76.

• Digital voltmeter (DVM): Agilent 3458A.

Test Setup

Power M et er

Thermistor
mount

Test Power Meter

Power
ref

Digital Voltmeter

V

V

RF

comp

+ input

- input

Figure 2-9 : Output S tandin g Wave Ratio Test Setup

Procedure

Use the following procedur e to perfo rm the test:

Note Steps 1 to 7 of this pr ocedure require pre-requ i sit e kn ow l edge of some

Agilent 432A and 478A parameters. Refer to Appendix A for further
information.

1. Record the input VRC magnitude of the thermistor mount at 50 MHz
with the Agilent 432A power meter set to 200Ω:

•|R

| ___________

1

2. Record the input VRC magnitude of the thermistor mount at 50 MHz

with the Agilent 432A power meter set to 100Ω:

| ___________

•|R

2

3. Set the Agilent 432A mount resistance swit ch to 200Ω.

4. Set the DVM to measure resistanc e :

Connect the DVM between the VRF connector on the rear panel of the
Agilent 432A and pin 1 on the thermistor mount end of the sensor
cable. Verify that no power is appl ied to the Agile n t 432A .

2-30 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Performance Tests

t

Output Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) Test

5. Round off t he DVM reading to tw o decimal places . Record this value as
the first internal bridg e resistance (R

___________Ω

•R

1

) of the Agilent 432A:

1

6. Set the Agilent 432A mount resistance swit ch to 100Ω.

7. Round off t he DVM reading to tw o decimal places . Record this value as
the seco nd internal brid ge resi st ance (R

___________Ω

•R

2

) of the Agilent 432A:

2

8. Set the Agilent 432A mount resistance swit ch to 200Ω.

9. Conne ct t he eq uipmen t as sho wn i n F i gure 2-9 ensuring that the DVM
input leads are isolated from chas sis ground.

Note Ensu re that the Agilent 4 32A and the power meter un d e r test ha ve

been switched on for at least 30 minutes before performing the
following steps.

10.Preset the power meter:

•Press , then on the power meter.

Prese

Local

Confirm

•Set the A gilen t 4 32A RA N GE switch to Coarse Zero.

•Ad ju st the fr ont p an el Co ar se Zero co ntr o l to obtain a zer o mete r

indication.

11.Zer o th e Agilent 432A test p o wer me ter:

•Fine zero the Agilent 432A on the most sensitive range.

•Set the RANGE switch to 1 mW.

12.Se t the DVM to me asu re m icr ovo lts.

13.C onnect the positiv e an d neg ative inp u t lea d s to the V

comp

and VRF

connectors respectively, on the rear panel of the Agilent 432A.

14.Observe the reading on the DVM:
If less than 400 uV , go to step 15. If 400 uV or more, press and hold the
Agilent 432A Fine Zero switch and adjust the Coarse Zero control so
that the DVM indicates 200 uV or less. Release the Fine Zero switch
and go to step 15.

15.Round off the DVM value to two decimal places. Record this value as
V

:

o

___________

•V

o

16.Turn t he po wer refe re nce on:
Press , .

Zero
Cal

Power Ref On

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide 2-31

Per formance Tests

Output Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) Test

17.Round off the DVM reading to t wo decimal places . Record this value as
V

:

1

___________

•V

1

18.Turn t he po wer refe re nce off:
Press , .

19.Disconnect the DVM negative input lead from the V

Zero
Cal

Power Ref Off

connector on the

RF

Agilent 432A. Reconnect it to the Agilent 432A cha ssis gro un d.

20.Obs erve the read in g on the DVM . Record th is valu e as V

•V

___________

comp

comp

21.C alc ulat e th e powe r me asu red fro m the power ref ere nc e osc illator
using equa tio n 2-9 :

Equation 2-9:

2.V

P

1

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------=

compV1

22.Record the value P

___________

•P

1

V0–()V

4. R

:

1

2

0

1

2

V

–+

1

23.Calc ulat e th e power me asu red with mou nt resistance set to 100Ω:

•Set the Agile n t 432A mou nt res istan ce switch to 100Ω.

•Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 2-9 ensuring that the

DVM input leads are isolated from cha ssis ground.

•Repeat steps 15 to 20. Record the new values of V

◆ V

___________

0

◆ V

___________

1

◆ V

___________

comp

, V1 and V

0

comp

24.C alc ulat e th e powe r me asu red fro m the power ref ere nc e osc illator
using Equation 2-10 and record the valu e:

Equation 2-10

P

2. V

compV1V0

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------=

2

–()V

4.R

2

2

0

2

V

–+

1

:

•P

___________

2

2-32 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Performance Tests

--

Output Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) Test

25.Ca l culate fa ctor M u s i ng eq u a t ion 2 -11 an d r e c o rd th e v alue :

Equation 2-11:

P

1 Γ

1

------

M

•M ___________

26.Calculate the value of the output voltage reflection coefficient (|Γ
using equation 2-12 and record the value:

Equation 2-12:

2 Γ1M2Γ

Γ

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

=

s

One of the roots of this equation will be non-physical while the other
gives a value for |Γ

•|Γ

27.Calculate the value of the out put SWR u sin g Equa tion 2- 13 a nd record
the value:

--------------------------

=

P

2

1 Γ

–()2 Γ

|___________

s

2

–()

2

2

–()

1

2

2

2 Γ

|.

s

2 Γ1M–()

2

1

2

4 Γ

M Γ

2

–()

2

2

1

M Γ

–()M1–()–±

2

|)

s

2

Equation 2-13:

1 Γ

+()

SWR

-----------------------=

s

1 Γs–()

•Output SWR ___________

28.Verify that the output SWR is not greater than the m axim um value
shown in the follo win g table :

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide 2-33

Per formance Tests

Output Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) Test

Table 2-7: Output SWR Result

Max Actual Result

1

1.06

2

1.08

1. For instruments with the 50MHz 1mW output
(power ref) connector mounted on the front panel.

2. For instruments with the 50MHz 1mW output
(power ref) connector mounted on the rear panel. This
applies to models E4416A and E4417 A wit h option 003
fitted.

2-34 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Performance Test Record

Performance Test Record

Model Agilent E4416A/E4417A Power Meter
Tested by ___________________________________________
Serial Number ________ _______________________________
Date _______________

Table 2-8: Per formance Test Record

Performance Tests

Test

Min

Result

Max

Result

Channel A

Actual

Result

Channel B

Actual
Result

Instrument Accuracy
(Normal Path) Ν/Α 0.8% ___________ ___________

Instrument Accuracy
(Average Path)

3.1623 µW
10 µW

31.6228 µW
100 µW

316.227 µW
1 mW

3.1623 mW
10 mW

31.6228 mW
100 mW

Power Reference

P

meas

1

3.0977 µW

9.904 µW

31.428 µW

99.49 µW

314.72 µW

0.9954 mW

3.1477 mW

9.954mW

31.477 mW

99.54mW

3.2269 µW

10.096 µW

31.819 µW

100.51µW

317.74 µW

1.0047 mW

3.1769 mW

10.046 mW

31.769 mW

100.46 mW

___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________

___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________

0.999 mW 1.001 mW ___________ N/A

Interface Test Pass/Fail Pass/Fail ___________ ___________
Functional Test

(Average Path)

Low Range, 30 dBm pad
Low Range, 30 dBm pad
Low Range, no pad
Upper Range, no pad

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide 2-35

Pass/Fail
Pass/Fail
Pass/Fail
Pass/Fail

Pass/Fail
Pass/Fail
Pass/Fail
Pass/Fail

___________
___________
___________
___________

___________
___________
___________
___________

Per formance Tests

Performance Test Record

Test

Min

Result

Max

Result

Channel A

Actual

Result

Channel B

Actual
Result

Time Base Accuracy
Test

1

9.999 MHz 10.001 MHz ___________ N/A

Output Standing Wave
Ratio Test

1. This test is not channel relat ed.

2. For instruments with the 50MHz 1mW output (power ref) connector mounted on the
front panel .

3.

For instruments with the 50MHz 1mW output (power ref) connector mounted on th e rear

panel. This applies to models E4416A and E4417A with option 003 fitted.

1

N/A 1.06

1.08

1,2
1,3

___________

N/A

2-36 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

3

Adjustments

Adjustments

Introduction

Introduction

This chapter descr ibe s adjustments a nd check s wh ich e nsu re p rop e r
performance of the power meter.

Adjustments are not usually required on any regular basis. They are
normally performed only after a performance t es t has i ndicated that so me
parameters are out of specification. Performance tests must be completed
after any repairs that may have altered the characteristics of the power
meter . Performance tests are detailed in Chapter 2. To determine which
performance tests and adjustments to perform after a repair, see
“Post-Repair Adjustments”, on page 3-3.

Safety Considerations

This warni ng must b e fol l owe d for your protection and to avoid damage to
the equipment being used.

WARNI NG Adjustments described in this chapter are performed with

power applied to the instrument and with protective
cover s rem oved . Mai nt ena nce sh ou ld be perf orme d onl y by
trained personnel who are aware of the hazards involved.
When the maintenance procedure can be performed
without power, the power should be removed.

3-2 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Adjustments

Introduction

Equipment Required

The adjustment procedu res incl ude a list of recommen ded test equ ipment.
The test equipment is also identified on the test setup diagrams.

Post-Repair Adjustments

Table 3-1 lists the adjustments related to repairs or replacement of any of
the assemblie s.

Table 3-1: Post Repair Adjustments, Tests, and Checks

Assembly Replaced

A1 Power Supply Self Test .
A2 Processor Assembly Power Reference Frequency and Level

A3 Front Panel Assembly Instrument Accuracy Test, Display

A4 Comms Assembly All automated Test s and Serial Interface

A5 Daughter Assembly In s trume nt Accuracy Test.
A6 Measur e m ent Assem bly Instrum en t Acc ur a cy Test.
W1 or W2 Power Sensor

Cable
BT1 Lithium Battery Battery Self Test.
Power Reference Cable Kits Power Reference Level Test.

Related Adjustments, Performance

Tests or Self Tests

Test/Adjustment. Display Brightness and
Contrast Adjustment.

Brightness and C ontrast Adjustm e n t .

Self Test.

Instrument Accuracy Test.

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide 3-3

Adjustments

l

Power Reference Oscillator Frequency Adjustment

Power Reference Oscillator Frequency Adjustment

Note Adjustment of the power referen ce osci llator frequency may also affect

the output leve l of the os cilla to r. Therefore, after the frequenc y is
adjusted to 50.0 ±0.5 MHz, check the output level should be checked
as described in “Power Refe renc e Osci llato r Le ve l Ad jus tm e nt”, on
page 3-6.
The power reference oscillator frequency is a nominal specification.

Description

Variable inductor A2L9 is adjusted to set the power reference oscillator
output frequency to 50.0 ±0.5 M Hz. Th is frequency is a supplemen tal
characteristic.

Power Meter

POWER

REF

Frequency C o un te r

Figure 3-1: Adjustment Setup

Equipment

• Frequency Counter: Agilent 53132A.

Procedure

1. Ensure that the power meter has been powered on for at least
30 minutes before makin g any measurements.

2. Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 3- 1. Set up the co un te r to
measure frequency.

3. Turn the power ref e re nce on by pr es s ing:

Zero

• , on the Agilent E4416A.

Cal
Zero

• , , , on the Agilent E4417A.

Cal

Power Ref On

More

Ca

Power Ref On

3-4 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Adjustments

Power Reference Oscillat or Frequency Adjustment

4. Observe the reading on the frequency counter.
If it is 50.0 ±0.5 MHz, no adjustm e n t of the p ow er refe rence oscillator
frequency is necessary . If it is not within these limits, adjust the power
reference oscillator frequency as described in step 5 and step 6.

5. Remove t he po wer meter cover.

6. Adjust A2L9 to obtain a 50.0 ±0.5 MHz indication on the frequency
count er. Refer to Figure3-2 for th e p o sition of A2L9.

A2R90

BT1

A2 Assembly

A2J13

J12

A2L9

Front Panel

Figure 3-2: A2L9 Adjustment Location

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide 3-5

Adjustments

Power Reference Oscillator Level Adjustment

Power Reference Oscillator Level Adjustment

Description

This test adjusts the power level accuracy of the internal 50 MHz
oscillator —also called t he power ref eren c e osc illa t or.

The power refere nc e osc illator ou tp ut is fact or y adju ste d to 1 mW ±0.4% .
This accuracy includes a perfor ma nce limit of 0.1% and a sys te m
measurement un cer taint y figure of 0.3% (traceable to the Nat ional
Physical Laboratory (NPL), UK).

Note The setting of the osci llat or output accuracy is determined from the

system measurement uncertainty plus any chosen test line limit. For
example, if a test line limit of 1 mW ±0.2 % was chosen while
maintaining a system measur ement uncer t a i nty of ±0.3 %, the overal l
accuracy of the test setup for the 1 mW power out put be com es 0.3 % +

0.2%, giving a setting accuracy of 0.5%.

If an equivalent measurement system is employ ed f or post-factory test,
the power re ference os cillat or ou tput can a gain be set to 1 mW ±0.4%. T his
setting is sufficient to ensure that the power reference oscillator meets the
accuracy specific ation o f ±0 .5% afte r 2 years. This specific atio n includes
the ±0.4% setting and also takes into account other factors that will
contribute to determining the accuracy after 2 years. The complete
breakdown of the ±0.5% specific a t io n is as follows:

• Test line limit: 0.1%.

• System uncertainty: 0.3%.

• 2 year oscillator drift: 0.04% .

• Delta environment: <0.06%.
The following adjustment procedure ensure the power reference oscillator

meets th e p ost-factory accuracy setting of ±0.4%.

Note To ensure maximum accuracy in re-adjusting the power reference

oscillator output, this procedur e provides step-by-step instructions for

3-6 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Adjustments

T

Power Reference Oscillator Level Adjustment

using Agilent test instruments of known capability. Signal acquisition
criteria may vary if alte rn ativ e test instruments are use d. In su ch
cases re f er to the manufactu re r’s guidelines for further in formati o n.

Note The power meter may be returned to the nearest Agilent Technologies

office to have the power reference oscillator checked and/or adjusted.

Power Me t e r

Power
ref

Thermistor
Mount

Agilent 432A
Powe r Met er

Digital
Voltmeter

V

RF

Vcomp

Figure 3-3: Adjustment Setup

INPUT+

INPU

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide 3-7

Adjustments

V

–

2V0V1V0–

2V

–

«

V0V

p

«

V

4Volts~

V0400µV<

0

3–

Power Reference Oscillator Level Adjustment

For this adjustment the following mathematical assumptions are made:

Equation 1:

2

2

V

–+

1

P

meas

2V

compV1V0

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -=
4R CalibrationFactor()

–()V

0

can be manipulated to give the following:

Equation 2:

V

V

1

compV0

V

comp

2

– 4R()CalibrationFactor()–+=

10()

3–

by using the following assumptions:

2

2

V

– V1V0–()–2=

0

1

The error in doing this is:

2

V

1

So if , that is, then the err o r ca n

2

V

2V1V

–+()

0

()

0

compV1V0

be ignored. In practice and . The error is less

2

V

0

()

comp

2

V

–()– 2V

1

2

– 2V1V

+2V

0

com

0

–()==

0V1V0

than 0.01%.
By substitutin g equation 3 into equation 1 and m ani pu latin g the result

you get:

V1V0–()

2

2– V

compV1V0

–()=410

()R CalibrationFactor()+

This qu ad ra t ic can be so lv e d to g ive equation 2.
The definitions of the terms in equation 2 are:

is the voltage measured between V

•V

0

comp

and V

with no powe r

RF

applied and after the Agilent 432A has been zeroed.

is the voltage measured between V

•V

1

comp

and V

with power applied.

RF

This power is approx im ately 1 m W.

•V

is the voltage between th e Agilent 432A V

comp

connector and

comp

chassis ground with power applied.

• R is the resistance of the mount resistor in the Agilent 432A power
meter.

3-8 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Adjustments

Power Reference Oscillator Level Adjustment

• Calibration Factor is the value of the thermistor mount at 50 MHz.

Equipment

• Test power meter: Ag ilent 432 A .

• Thermistor Mount: Agilent 478A Option H75 or H76.

• Digital Voltmeter (DVM): Agilent 3458A.

Procedure

Note The procedure detai ls the key presses requir ed on the Agilent E4416A.

For the Agilent E4417A the equivalent key presses should be
performed on both channels.

1. Set up the DVM to measure resistance. Connect the DVM between the
V

connector on the rear panel of the Agilent 432A and pin 1 on the

RF

thermistor mount end of the sensor cable. Verify that no power is
applied to the Agilent 478A

2. Round off the DVM reading to two decimal places and record this value
as the internal brid ge re sis tanc e (R) o f the test powe r mete r
(approximately 200 Ω).

•R (Internal Bridge Resistance)_______________Ω

3. Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 3-3. The leads should be
isolated from ground. Ensure that the power reference oscillator is off.
Ensure that both the pow e r me te r un der tes t and the A gilent 432A
have been powered on for at least 30 minutes before proceeding to the
next step.

4. Set the Agilent 432A range switc h to coarse z ero and ad jus t the fro nt
panel coarse zero control to obtain a zero meter indication.

5. Fine zero the Agilent 432A on the most sensitive range, then set the
range sw itch to 1 mW.

Note Ensure that the DVM input leads are isolated from chassis ground

when performing the next step.

6. Set up the DVM to me asu re mi cr ovo lts.

7. Conn ect the p ositive and negative inp u t lea d s, respec tively, to the

and VRF connectors on the rear panel of the Agilent 432A.

V

comp

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide 3-9

Adjustments

Power Reference Oscillator Level Adjustment

8. Observe the reading on the DVM. If l es s th an 400 µV, proceed with the
next step. If 400 µV or greater, press and hold the Agilent 432A fine
zero switch and adju st the coar se zer o contr ol so tha t the DVM
indicates 200 µV or less. Then release the fine zero switch and proceed
to the next step.

9. Round off the DVM reading to the nearest microvolt and record this
value as V

________________µV

•V

0

•Disconnect the DVM negative input lead from the V

.

0

connector on

RF

the test p o we r meter and re connec t i t to chassis g ro und.

10.Turn t he po wer refe re nce on:

•Press ,

11.Reco rd the readi ng on the DVM to tw o d e cimal pla c e s. T hi s is V

•V

12.R eco nn e ct th e neg ative le ad to th e V
the Agilent 432A. The DVM is now set up to measure V

Zero
Cal

_____________V

comp

Power Ref On

connector on the rear panel of

RF

which

1

comp

.

represents the power reference osci llator o u tp ut leve l .

13.Calc ulat e the required valu e of V

using equa tio n 2.

1

V

1

V

compV0

V

comp

2

– 4R()CalibrationFactor()–+=

10()

3–

14.Re mo ve the power meter ’s cover and adjust A2R90 un til the DVM
indicates th e calculated va l ue of V

. Refer to Figure 3-4 for the position

1

of A2R90:

3-10 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Adjustments

Power Reference Oscillator Level Adjustment

A2R90

BT1

A2 Assembly

A2J13

Front Panel

Figure 3-4: A2R90 Adjustment Location

J12

A2L9

Measurement Uncertainty

Refer to Appendix C “Measurement Uncertainty Anal ysis – Power Reference Level
Test”.

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide 3-11

Adjustments

y

y

t

Display Brightness and Contrast Adjustment

Display Brightness and Contrast Adjustment

Introduction

The following procedure should be performed whenever a front panel
assembly or processor assembly is replaced.

The brightness is controlled automatically after executing the

Set Brightness

softkey. Press , , and to locate

System

this softkey menu.

Note The contrast adjustment is subjective and varies according to

individual user requirements.

Procedure

More

Service Displa

15.Access the softkey menu and use the softkey to increase

Displa

the contrast, or the softkey to decrease the contrast of the dis pl a y.

16.W he n th e desired display contras t leve l is obt aine d, pres s the

Set Contras

softkey , located under the softkey menu.

Service

3-12 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

4

Theory Of Op e r ation

Theory Of Operation

Introduction

Introduction

This chapter describ es how each of the power mete r’s assemblies operate.
A functional block diagram is included at the end of the chapter giving an
overall view of the power meter’s operation.

4-2 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Theory Of Operation

A1 Power Supply

A1 Power Supply

The A1 power supply/battery charger is a 20 W , 47 to 440 Hz switching
power supply producing three DC voltages, (+5 V, +12 V, -12 V). It is used
to power the subassemblies when operating from an ac power source. Th e
power supply can be driven by AC power vo ltages in t he range 85 to 264 V.

Power is distributed to the meter su bassemblies via the p rocessor
assembly (For further information refer to “A2 Processor Assembly”, on
page 4-4).

The ac line fuse is located in th e lin e in put m o dule on the power meter’s
rear panel (Agilent Part Number 2110-0957). The fuse holder contains a
spare fuse as standard on ship m ent.

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide 4-3

Theory Of Operation

A2 Processor Assembly

A2 Processor Assembly

The processor assembly co nta i ns the following:

• Microcontroller and associated circuits.

• P o wer- o n/ stan d b y co ntrol an d sw itching.

• 1 mW ref e re nce calibrator.

• Recorder output s TTL input/output.

• Front panel drivers.

It provides tha t pla tfor m on whic h the p owe r m eter can run , facil itating
the system inputs and outputs.

Regulated DC voltages at +12 V, -12 V and +5 V are converted by the A1
power supply asse mb ly whe n AC pow e r is connected to the rear pa nel o r
the optional rechargeable battery is fitted. The DC voltages are connected
and distributed to the rest of the system by circuits on the processor
assembly. When the key on the front panel is pr essed a bistab le lat ch
changes state. This in tur n app lie s the corr ect gate voltages to tur n on
three MOSFET switches, which connects the power supply unit voltages
to the distributed p ow er buses. The bistable latch is conne cted to a
permanent power-supply whic h ha s t he b acku p of battery power when AC
mains is removed from the power meter. The +12 V supply is used to
power the fan. This is filtered to decouple it from the rest of the system.
When the optional recharge able battery is fitted and the meter is in
standby and connected to the AC power supply, the rechargeable battery
recharg e s an d the fan is powe red on.

The reference osc illato r has a 50 M Hz oscillator circuit wi th aut omatic
level control (ALC). The oscillator output is level detected and that level is
compared to a temperatur e stable precis io n referenc e vol tage. This
comparison produces an error signal that gives negative feedback control
of the oscillator output power. The frequency and power level of the
calibrator are factory set to provide a 50 MH z 1 mW tran sfer stan da rd.
The precision reference v ol tage and the ALC control sign a l are both
measured in the calibrator self test. Th e calibr ato r is sw itch ed on o r off
using a signal from the microcontroller. The front panel LED indicator is
switched with a separ a te mic roc on tr ol l er signal. The recorder out pu t s are
driven from a dual 12 bit DAC which is driven by the microcontroller. The
dual DAC outputs are buffered, filte red and scal ed to give a 1 V full scale
outp ut nomin al.

4-4 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Theory Of Operation

A2 Processor Assembly

The recorder is a 12 bit DAC driven by the microcontroller. The DAC
output is buffered, filtered and scaled to give a 1 V full scale output with a
nominal 1 kΩ output impedance.

Circui try for the k eyboard d ri ver incl ud e s so m e damage pr ot ec t io n , b ut i t
is basically a direct connection from the keypad row and column matrix to
the microcon trolle r ’s control lin es.

The LCD contr ol le r on the A 3 fron t p ane l asse m bly is configur ed as a
memory mapped peripheral, and as such requires only to be fed with the
appropriate address, data and control lines from the microcontroll er
circuits . Th e bias volta ge for the LCD is produced by a DC to DC converter
that takes the +5 V (DIST) voltage and converts that to a nominal +21 V .
The DC to DC converter is adjusted by a combinat io n of the contr ast
control signa l fro m t he microcontroller a nd the t emperature sense vo ltag e
that is generated on the A3 front panel assembly. The temperature sense
voltage helps to compensate for the normal variation of LCD contras t with
temperature. Current to the LCD’s LED backlight array is sourced from a
constant current circuit that comp ensates for variatio n in L ED knee
voltage. A control input to this circuit from the fr ont p ane l te mp e ratu re
sense voltage allo ws f o r de-r a tin g of the maximum LED cur re n t a t high
operating temperatures. A control input from the microcontroller allows
the optimum backlight brightness to be factory set. The temperature
sense voltage, LED current and LCD bias voltage are all measured at self
test.

An analog multiplexer provides me ans by which seve ral diagnostic points
can be switched to the A 6 meas urement assembly for analogue to digital
conversion. The microcontroller uses this function to perform a self test.

A6 measurement as sembly t o microc ontrol ler co mmunicat ion is c onduct ed
on a parallel expan sion bus. This bus is connected to th e bi-dir e ction al
serial port on the microcontroller via buffers. The 20MHz system clock
and some control sig nals are connected to the measu rement module s. The
measureme nt mo d ule inte r face is com ple te d with the distribution o f
switched and direct power (+12 V, -12 V and +5 V).

The TTL outputs are conn ected to the A6 processor assemb ly via in line
resistors locate d on the A4 int e rfac e ass emb ly. A TTL logic level is o utpu t
from the processor assembly when the user defined windows based limits
are exceeded.

The TTL inputs are connected to the processor card via in line resistors
located on the interf ace car d and can be used to initiat e zero and
calibration cycl es on the power meter.

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide 4-5

Theory Of Operation

A2 Processor Assembly

The microcontroller circuits that control all the above functions, and
provide platform for the system software to run on, comprise the
microcontroller itself, memory , and clock and logic circuits. The logic
circuits ha v e t he function of ensuring th e c orrect sequenci ng and decoding
of the control signals for the various peripherals. The crystal oscillator
clock circuit is buffered and distributed to the A4 interface assembly and
the A5 daughter asse mbly. The program memory for the mi crocontro ller i s
FLASH EEPR OM to allow for in-circuit prog ramm ing. The static RAM is
split into volatile and no n- volatile blocks, with the pow e r for the
non-volatile RA M be ing conne c te d to the p erm an en t (batte r y backe d)
power supply.

Note It is advisable to replace the RAM battery A2BT1 every three years. If

the battery fails or drops be lo w 3 V the RAM will los e the followin g
information when power is disconnected from the meter:

• Unit Serial Number.

• Revision letter of Processor Card.

• Unit Option.

• User defined setups.

• User defined sensor calibration tables.

4-6 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Theory Of Operation

A3 Front Panel Assembly

A3 Front Panel Assembly

The front panel ass emb ly is m ad e up of a liquid crystal display (LCD), a
keypad and, depending on the power meter option, a power reference cable
assembly and a sensor cable assembly.

There are two inputs to the front panel assembly:

• The flex circuit from connector A2J4 of the proc es sor ass emb ly wh ich
control s the keypa d .

• The ribbon cable from A2J3 of the processor assembly which con trol s
the LCD display.

The power meter self tests cont ain display tests . These are accessed by
pressing , , , , .

System

More

Service

Self Test

Bitmap Disp l ays

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide 4-7

Theory Of Operation

A4 Comms Assembly

A4 Comms Assembly

The comms assembly contains the circuitry required for remote control of
the power meter. This assembly supports parallel and serial interfaces.

The GP-IB interface is supported by a protocol controller integrated
circuit and two physical interface buffers. The system clock is divided by
four to provide the GP-IB controller integrated circuit clock signal.

The RS232 and RS422 interface is supported by a single Universal
Asynch ro no us Rece iv e r/ Transc eiver (UAR T) in tegrat ed circuit an d a
programmable transceiver. The programmable transceiver can be
configured for either RS232 or RS422. The remote interface is d esign ate d
a DTE (Data Terminal Equipment).

The programmable baud rate gene rat or in the UART is driven from the
system clock (20 MHz) which allows baud rates in the range 50 to 20MHz.

The whole assembly is connected to data, address, and contr ol sig nal s
from the A2 processor assembly.

The comms assembly also provides a filtered path for the single/dual
recorder out put signal and the TTL input and output signals. It also
provides ESD protection for the RS232.422, TTL I/O, and recorder
outputs.

4-8 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Theory Of Operation

A5 Daughter Assembly

A5 Daughter Assembly

The A5 daughter assembly is loaded vertic a l ly int o the A2 processo r
assembly.

There are 3 main connectors on the daughter card which provide the
interconnect between the A2 proces sor assemb ly and the A6 measure ment
assembly. Additionally there are two SMB connectors for the extern al
trigger signals that are routed using cable assemblies to the rear panel.

In addition the A5 daughter card provides support functions for the
measurement assemblies. These functions take power and signals from
the A2 processor assembly and generate the power and signals requir ed
by the A6 measurement ass embly. The A5 daugh te r assembly also
provides commo n trigg e r func tio n s that ar e rou te d to both the A6
measurement assemblies.

The functions provided are:

• Clock buffering and distribution.

• External trigger output buffer.

• External trigger input comparator and buffer.

• +2.5V precision reference.

• +11V regulator.

• +3.3V regulator.

• +2.5V regulator.

•±5Vregulators.

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide 4-9

Theory Of Operation

A6 Measurement Assembly

A6 Measurement Assembly

There is one measuremen t a ssem bly in the E4416A and two in th e
E4417A. As the E4416 and E4417 are peak and average power mete rs
that are compatible with all Agilent power sensors in the 848x series and
E series, the measurement assembly has two measurement paths. One
path deals with averag e only measurements and thi s is the pat h tha t is
compatible with th e 848x serie s and E-se ries senso rs. The othe r path
provides the peak measurements. In addition to these two measurement
paths there is a DSP subsystem which provides the signal processing of
the digitized analo gue signals together wit h var ious ancillary support
functions.

Average Path Operation

The measurement ass embly amplif ies and c onvert s the chop ped AC signal
produced by the power sensor (either 848x seri es power sens or s or
E-series power sensors) into a 32 bit digital word. This digital word is
proportional to the input RF power level appli ed to the power sens or.

With reference to the blo ck diag ram at the e nd of th is chapte r, the input
amplifier amplifies the chopped AC input sig nal. This o p erational
amplifier in combination with a single bipolar transistor in the power
sensor, produce a feedback amplifier which has a gain of approximately

500. The feedback line shown sets the gain and also biases the transistor.
The differential amplifier removes any common mode noise or
interference. It uses a special ground wire ("sensor ground")—connected
close to the RF bulkhead in the power sensor—as its second inpu t.

The band pass filter represent s the filte ri n g acti on of the input ampli f i er.
When the power m ete r is working with an E-se ries p o wer se n so r the
equalizer is switched on to reduce the high pass cut off frequency of the
input amplifie r. This improves the settling tim e in f ast m o de op e ration .

The output of the equalizer is split into two paths. One path is amplified
by a gain of 100. Both signals are each converted to digital words by a dual
analog to digital converter (ADC). The ADC's sampling rate has an integer
relationsh ip w ith th e ch o p freq u e nc y, thus giving a fixed numb er of
sample s p e r cho p cycle.

In the event of a power ov erload—whic h could caus e the input ampl ifier to
saturate—a win d ow com parator function trips which generates an
interrupt to the proc esso r asse m bly through the FPGA. The FPGA also
forces the sensor into upper range using the I2C_NEN line.

4-10 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Theory Of Operation

A6 Measurement Assembly

The ADC uses an I2S interface into the DSP where the samples are
de-chopped and converted into digital words proportional to input level.
The chosen channel is then filtered and stored in a buffer ready for
reading by the host processor.

An analogue swi tch is us e d to injec t a calibr atio n into this path to allow
calibration of the gai n rati o betw een the two ranges.

Normal Path

The second path, or normal path, deals with peak m ode m easurements.
Here the input si gnal is the dete cted po wer envelo pe of the RF i nput to t he
sensor. The E9320-series sensor detect s this and, for peak mo de
measurements, amp lifie s it as a fully d iffer ential voltage signal wit h a
bandwidth from DC to 5MHz. The nor ma l path proc esses the output of an
E9320-series sensor and converts it to a form suitable for digitizing in a 12
bit ADC), at a rate of 20 M samples/sec. The sensor has a 50 Ω source
impedance for each of the differential lines, the sensor cable has a
differential impedance of 100 Ω and the measurement card has a 100 Ω
load impedance at the input to the first amplifi er. The purposes of the first
amplifier are to buffer the input signal, to allow offset control and to drive
the anti-alias filter. Offset control comes from the main processor via a
DAC into the first amplifier and a feedback control algorithm carried out
during zeroing ensures that gross voltage offsets are nulled out before
reaching the ADC.

The offset-corrected amplifier output is then filtered. The filter is a
differential implementa t i on of a 9th order Bessel low-pas s filter, designed
for a flat delay of approximately 100ns, a 3dB bandwidth of approximately
5MHz and 22dB attenuation at 15 MHz.

The filter output is fed to a buffer amplifier which has a gain of 1.1. This
ensures that switching transients are not passed backwards into the filter
and provides a low impedance output for the HI_GAIN switch. The
combined gain of the buffer amplifier and filter is approximately unity. An
attenuator and switc h cir cu it follows this. The attenuation can be set to 1
or 16. The attenuation is controll ed b y the leve l of the signal prior to the
filter, which is sensed with a comparator and fed into a latch and the
FPGA. Logi c within the FPG A controls the sw itches th at select th e
applied attenu atio n and he nce the gain of the no rmal path. As the level
sense occurs before the 100ns delay of the filter, the FPGA and
attenuators have 100ns to select the right gain for presentation to the
ADC. A differential amplifier with a gain of 3 follows the attenuator.

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide 4-11

Theory Of Operation

A6 Measurement Assembly

The ADC has a bipolar range but the power signal is essentially unipolar.
To utilize the full ADC range an offset is summed in to the signal just
prior to the ADC in an offset summer circuit. The outputs of the summer
are arranged to give a full-scale negat ive inp ut to the ADC, so it reads
circa (but greater than) -2048 when ze ro volts is app lie d to the nor mal
path input. (The ADC range is -2048 to 2047.) There is a further filter that
removes high frequency noise, originating in the amplifier chain, from the
ADC input. It has a 20 MHz theoretical cut-off (-3dB) frequency.

The ADC is a 12-bit converter running at 20MHz. Samples from the ADC
are combined with th e nor m al p ath gain setting and the se ns or range to
derive the power measurement. The ADC output and the range control
bits are fed to the FPGA. The FPGA controls a triggered acquisition into
SDRAM. The acquisition parameters (such as pre-trigger , post trigger and
trigger level) are con trolle d by the ma in proc esso r.

The DSP transfe rs th e acquir e d sa mp le s into its lo cal m em o ry where it
then performs the required processing to enable the demanded
measurements. This includes range correction, digital filters, linearity
correction, averaging together with display trace processing. The DSP
generates an interr upt to the proces s or when results are ready.

The processor a ssem b ly communicates with the DSP thro ugh the FPGA .
The DSP is loaded with the appropria te progra m by the process or
assembly depending on sensor type and requir ed measure ment mode. The
processor assem bly loads the FPGA using a serial config ur atio n bus.

Ancillar y Function s

The measurement assembl y also measu r es the s ensor resistor voltage to
detect whether a power sensor is present. If a power sensor is connected
(or disconnected) an interrup t to the A2 proc e sso r ass e m bly is ge ne r ate d .
Circuitry on the board is then used by the processor to determine the
sensor model, and whether it's conne cted to the front or rear panel. The
processor then conf igu res the board’s ancillary functions, such as chop
frequency, chop voltage levels and also programmes the DSP with the
appropriate code for that sensor t ype . If the sensor was one of the E-se ries
then the processor reads calibra t io n data from the sensor ’s E2PROM
using the I2C bus. The processor then uses the board’s auxiliary ADC
(XADC) to measure the sensor temperature which is used in conjunction
with the calibrati on dat a to prov id e tem pe rat ur e cor rec te d po wer
measurements.

4-12 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Theory Of Operation

Functional Block Diagram

This assembly produces the differential drive signal for the power sensor's
chopper. The processor assembly programs the level and frequency of
these signals:

• For 848x series power sensors, this signal is 0 V and -10 V at 217 Hz.

• For E-series power sensors, this signal is +7 V and -3 V at 434 Hz.

The XADC is also used to support system built in test by being capable of
digitizing a signal routed to it from the processor assembly.

As described earlier the E-series power sensors have built in serial
EEPROM and range switching which is controlled or accessed via the
measurement ass embly. The N -chop sensor wire use d by the 848x series
power sensors doubles as a serial clock and the sensor resistor line doubles
as a bi-directional serial data line. The wire labelled “Auto Zero" is also
used as a serial bus enable control.

The auto zero line is grounde d to the sensor ground line when an 848x
series power sensor is used. Aut ozeroing is a ccomplished w ithout the need
for this signal in the power meter.

All clocks are derived from the 20 MHz system clock that is generated on
the A2 processor assembly and distributed on the A5 daughter assembly.

The E9320 sensors are provide d with switchable power su ppl ies.

Functional Block Diagram

The fo llowing two pa ges contain a functional bl o ck diag ram for the
instrument giving an overal l view of the power meter’s operation.

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide 4-13

Theory Of Operation

Functional Block Diagram

4-14 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Theory Of Operation

Functional Block Diagram

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide 4-15

Theory Of Operation

Functional Block Diagram

4-16 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

5

Replaceable Parts

Replaceable Parts

Introduction

Introduction

This chapter contains details of some of the higher level components and
assemblies which can be ordered from Agilent Technologies. It also details
how to assemble and disassemble the power meter for repair.

To order parts contact your local Agile n t Technologies Sales an d Ser vic e
Office.

T o ret urn yo ur powe r me ter fo r se rvi cin g at a qu al if ied serv i ce c ente r re f er
to “Contacting Agilent Technologies” in chapter 7 of the EPM-P Series

Peak and Average Power Meter User’s Guide.

5-2 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide

Assembly Part Numbers

Replaceable Parts

Assembl y Part Numbers

Reference

Designator

A1 Power Supply Assembly 0950-2649
A2 Processor Assembly E4416-60006
A301 Front Panel Assembly for:

Agilent E4416A and
Agilent E4416A Option 002

New E4416-61002
Refurbished E4416-69002

A302 Front Panel Assembly for:

Agilent E4416A Option 003
New E4416-61012
Refurbished E4416-69012

A303 Front Panel Assembly for:

Agilent E4417A and
Agilent E4417A Option 002

New E4417-61001

Description

Agilent Part

Number

Refurbished E4417-69001

A304 Front Panel Assembly for:

Agilent E4417A Option 003
New E4416-61002

Refurbished E4416-69002
A4 Comms Assembly E4418-60012
A5 Daughter Assembly for:

Agilent E4416A and

Agilent E4417A

Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide 5-3

E4416-60007

Replaceable Parts

Assembly Part Numbers

Reference

Designator

Description

Agilent Part

Number

A6 Measurement Assembly

New E4416-60004

Refurbished E4416-69003
A7 Fan Assembly E4418-61004
BT1 Lithium (RAM) Battery 1420-0338
MP1 Bail Handle 34401-45011
MP2 Front Bumper 34401-86011
MP3 Rear Bumper 34401-86012
MP4 Outer Cover for:

E4418-61027

Agilent E4416/7A
MP5 Rear Bezel E4418-20008
MP6 I n stru m e nt Ch assis Assembly

E4416-61004

(Includes push-fit line module)
MP6J1 Push-Fit Line Module E4418-61002
W3 Recorder Output Cable Assy E4418-61015
Front Sensor Cable Assembly Kit E44 16-61013
Rear Sensor Cable Assembly Kit E4416-61014
Front Power Reference Cable Kit E 44 18-61811
Rear Power Reference Cable Kit E4418-61813

5-4 Agilent E4416A/E4417A Service Guide