iDEN Measurement Guide
Agilent Technologies E4406A VSA Series
Transmitter Tester Option HN1
Manufacturing Part Number: E4406-90129 Supersedes: E4406-90087
Printed in USA
February 2000
© Copyright 1999 - 2000 Agilent Technologies, Inc.
The information contained in this document is subject to change
without notice.
Agilent Technologiesmakesnowarrantyofanykindwithregard to this
material, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of
merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Agilent
Technologies shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for
incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing,
performance, or use of this material.
2
Contents
1. Understanding iDEN
What is iDEN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
What Does the E4406A VSA Series Transmitter Tester Do? . . . . . . . . . .9
Other Sources of Measurement Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Instrument Updates at www.agilent.com/find/vsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
2. Setting Up the iDEN Mode
iDEN Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
How to Make a Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Changing the Mode Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Changing the Frequency Channel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Installing Optional
Measurement Personalities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Available Personality Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
License Key Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Installing a License Key Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Using the Uninstall Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
3. Making iDEN Measurements
iDEN Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Preparing for Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Initial Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Measure Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Measurement Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Making the Adjacent Channel Power Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Measurement Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Making the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
3
Contents
Changing the Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Troubleshooting Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Making the Bit Error Rate Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Measurement Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Making the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Changing the Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Making the Occupied Bandwidth Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Measurement Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Making the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Changing the Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Troubleshooting Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Making the Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurement . . . . . . . . . . 37
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Measurement Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Making the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Changing the Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Changing the View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Using the Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Troubleshooting Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Making the Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Measurement Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Making the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Changing the Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
4
Contents
Changing the View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
Using the Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
Troubleshooting Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
4. iDEN Specifications
Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
Frequency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56
General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
5. iDEN Programming Commands
SCPI Command Subsystems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
CALCulate Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
Adjacent Channel Power—Limit Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
Bit Error Rate—Frame Count . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
Bit Error Rate—Error Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
Bit Error Rate—Limit Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
Query the Current Measurement Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
Data Query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
Calculate/Compress Trace Data Query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
Calculate Peaks of Trace Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66
CALCulate:MARKers Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68
Occupied Bandwidth—Frequency Band Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
Occupied Bandwidth—Limit Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
CONFigure Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78
DISPlay Subsystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79
Spectrum - Y-Axis Reference Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79
Turn a Trace Display On/Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79
Waveform - Y-Axis Reference Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
FETCh Subsystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
5
Contents
MEASure Group of Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Measure Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Configure Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Fetch Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Read Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACP) Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Bit Error Rate Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Occupied Bandwidth Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
READ Subsystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
SENSe Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Adjacent Channel Power Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Correction for Base Station RF Port External Attenuation . . . . . . 111
Correction for Mobile Station RF Port External Attenuation . . . . . 111
Occupied Bandwidth Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
RF Port Input Attenuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
RF Port Power Range Maximum Total Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Radio Carrier Multiple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Radio Device Under Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Radio Format (Standard) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Spectrum (Frequency-Domain) Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Burst Sync Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Burst Search Threshold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Waveform (Time-Domain) Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
6
1 Understanding iDEN
7
Understanding iDEN
What is iDEN
What is iDEN
Option HN1 adds iDEN (Motorola’s Integrated Digital Enhanced
Network) capability to the Agilent Technologies E4406A. iDEN is a
trademark of the Motorola Company. This chapter introduces you to the
iDEN measurement personality. For instructions on how to install the
option, see “Installing Optional Measurement Personalities” on
page 17.
The iDEN standard combines four communication technologies into a
single network: radio, telephone, messaging, and data communications
capabilities. The system uses TDMA in a QAM modulation format with
multiple-carriers (M-QAM.) The modulated signal consists of four
frequency division multiplexed sub-channels, each carrying a 16-QAM
or 64-QAM signal. The sub-channel approach allows you to use a lower
symbol rate which provides resistance to time dispersion.
Option HN1 adds the following measurements:
• The
• The
• The
• The
ACP key measures adjacent channel power ratio.
BER key measures bit error rate.
OBW key measures occupied power bandwidth.
Spectrum key measures standard spectrum analyzer signals in
the frequency domain.
• The Waveform key measures standard spectrum analyzer signals in
the time domain.
Option HN1 operates the same as other analyzer options. This
documentation describes option specific information. Refer to the
standard instrument manuals for descriptions of other functionality.
8 Chapter1
Understanding iDEN
What Does the E4406A VSA Series Transmitter Tester Do?
What Does the E4406A VSA Series Transmitter
Tester Do?
The E4406A VSA Series Transmitter Tester makes measurements that
conform to the Motorola iDEN standards specifications.
This standards document defines complex multi-part measurements,
like occupied power bandwidth. The E4406A automatically makes
these measurements using the measurement methods and limits
defined in the standard. The detailed results displayed when the
measurements are made, allow you to analyze iDEN system
performance. You may alter the measurement parameters for
specialized analysis.
With Option HN1 installed, you can run measurements on an iDEN
signal. Selecting the iDEN
instrument to measure iDEN signals. For example, selecting iDEN sets
the default adjacent channel bandwidth (for the adjacent channel
power test) to 10 kHz.
Mode key automatically configures the
Base stations can be tested in a number of ways. One of the most
common is to take the signal from the antenna input or from the base
station power amp output. This can be done using a splitter or coupler
and external attenuator.
To measure iDEN signals you must first select the iDEN mode and
choose the mode setup parameters. Some of the modes setup choices
include measuring both inbound and outbound signals in M-16QAM,
M-64QAM, or D-JSMR. Mode settings will be used globally in all the
measurements. You can then select the desired measurement and
change any of the measurement setup parameters that you want
altered from the default settings. Refer to the following chapters for
information on the measurement process.
Chapter 1 9
Understanding iDEN
Other Sources of Measurement Information
Other Sources of Measurement Information
Additional measurement application information is available through
your local Agilent Technologies sales and service office. The following
application notes treat digital communications measurements in much
greater detail than discussed in this measurement guide.
• Application Note 1298
Digital Modulation in Communications Systems - An Introduction
Agilent Technologies part number 5965-7160E
• Application Note 1324
Understanding PDC and NADC Transmitter Measurements for
Base Transceiver Stations and Mobile Stations
Agilent Technologies part number 5968-5537E
• Application Note 1312
Understanding GSM Transmitter Measurements for Base
Transceiver Stations and Mobile Stations
Agilent Technologies part number 5966-2833E
• Application Note 1311
Understanding CDMA Measurements for Base Stations and Their
Components
Agilent Technologies part number 5968-0953E
Instrument Updates at www.agilent.com/find/vsa
This web location can be used to access the latest information about the
transmitter tester.
10 Chapter1
2 Setting Up the iDEN Mode
11
Setting Up the iDEN Mode
iDEN Mode
iDEN Mode
You may want to install a new personality or reinstall a personality
that you had previously. Instructions can be found in “Installing
Optional Measurement Personalities” on page 17.
At the initial power up, the transmitter tester will come up in the Basic
mode, with the Spectrum (Frequency Domain) measurement selected
and the Measure menu displayed.
To access the iDEN measurement personality press the
select the
iDEN softkey.
Mode key and
If you want to set the iDEN mode to a known, factory default state,
press Preset. This will preset the mode setup and all of the
measurements to the factory default parameters. These defaults are
based on iDEN’s M-16QAM, M-64QAM, or D-JSMR specifications.
NOTE Pressing the Preset key does not switch instrument modes.
How to Make a Measurement
Follow the three-step process shown in the table below:
Step Primary Key Setup Keys Related Keys
1. Select mode &
setup mode
2. Select measurement &
setup measurement
3. Select view &
setup view
Mode Mode Setup, Input,
Frequency Channel
Measure Meas Setup Meas Control,
View/Trace Span X Scale,
Amplitude Y Scale
Window
, Zoom
, Next
System
Restart
File
, Save,
Print, Print Setup,
Marker, Search
Changing the Mode Setup
Numerous settings can be changed at the mode level by pressing the
Mode Setup key. This will access the selection menu listed below. These
settings affect only the measurements in the iDEN mode.
Radio
The
Radio key accesses the menu as follows:
QAM format - Selects the modulation format of M-16QAM,
•
M-64QAM, or D-JSMR.
• Device - Sets the test device to inbound (mobile station) or outbound
12 Chapter2
Setting Up the iDEN Mode
iDEN Mode
(base station). The base station must be put in the test mode to
transmit known bit patterns, before testing.
Radio Default Settings
QAM format M16QAM
Device Inbound
Input
Input key accesses the menu as follows: (You can also access this
The
menu from the front-panel
RF Input Range - Allows you to toggle the RF input range between
•
Auto and Man (manual). Auto is not used for spectrum measurements.
If
Auto is chosen, the instrument automatically takes data to
Input key.)
determine the proper attenuator setting, based on the carrier power
level where it is tuned.Once you change the
Atten value with the RPG knob, for example, the RF Input Range key
is automatically set to
Man and enter the expected maximum total power by activating the
Max Total Pwr key. Man is also useful to hold the input attenuation
Man.You may need to set the RF Input Range to
Max Total Pwr or Input
constant for the best relative power accuracy. It is generally
recommended to set this to
Auto.
Max Total Pwr - Allows you to set the maximum mean carrier power
•
from the UUT (Unit Under Test). The range is −200.00 to +50.00
dBm with 0.01 dB resolution. This is the expected maximum value of
the mean carrier power referenced to the output of the UUT. The
Max Total Pwr setting is coupled together with the Input Atten and Ext
Atten settings. Once you change the Max Total Pwr value with the RPG
knob, for example, the RF Input Range key is automatically set to
Man.
Input Atten - Allows you to control the input attenuator setting. The
•
range is 0 to 40 dB with 1 dB resolution. The
Input Atten key reads
out the actual hardware value that is used for the current
measurement. If more than one input attenuator value is used in a
single measurement, the value used at the carrier frequency will be
displayed. The
Total Pwr setting. Once you change the Input Atten value with the RPG
Input Atten setting is coupled together with the Max
knob, for example, the RF Input Range key is automatically set to
Man.
NOTE The Max Total Pwr and Input Atten settings are coupled together, so for a
given measurement, changing the input
changes the
Input Atten setting by x dB, and vice-versa. When you
switch to a different measurement, the
constant, but the
Input Atten may change if the two measurements have
Max Total Pwr setting by x dB
Max Total Pwr setting is kept
different mixer margins. Thus, you can directly set the transmitter
Chapter 2 13
Setting Up the iDEN Mode
iDEN Mode
tester input attenuator, or you can set it indirectly by specifying the
expected maximum power from the UUT.
Input Default Settings
RF input range
Maximum total power
Input attenuation
External attenuation M.S. 0.00 dB
Auto
0 dBm
b
0 dB
a
b
a. Auto is not used for spectrum measurements.
b. In auto mode, the maximum total power and the input
attenuation will increase from the defaults,if the input
power is more than 0 dBm.
Ext Atten - Allows you to enter the external attenuation value for the
•
mobile station. The range is −50.00 to +50.00 dB with 0.01 dB
resolution. This will allow the instrument to display the
measurement results referred to the output of the UUT.
•
IF Align Signal - Allows you to modify the IF alignment signal.
Signal Rate - Changes the rate of the IF alignment signal. You
must enter a divider number from 1 to 12. Each divider number
increment halves the signal frequency. For example, at the
default DAC setting of 1 the signal is set to 234.375 kHz. If the
rate is set to 2 the signal is half that frequency, or 117.188 kHz.
Signal Amptd - Modifies the signal amplitude by entering a DAC
value between 0 - 4095. The amplitude range is approximately 50
dB. Incrementing the DAC value increases the amplitude of the
signal, and will be visible on screen.
Signal Type - Allows you to select a CW, comb, or pulse type signal
as the IF align signal.
Trigger
The
Trigger key allows you: (1) to access the RF Burst (Wideband), Video
(IF Envlp),Ext Front and Ext Rear trigger source selection menu to specify
the triggering conditions for each trigger source, (2) to modify the
default trigger holdoff time using the
auto trigger time and to activate or deactivate the
using the
using the
NOTE The actual trigger source is selected separately for each measurement
Auto Trig key, and (4) to modify the period of the frame timer
Frame Timer key.
Trig Holdoff key, (3) to modify the
Auto Trigger feature
under the Meas Setup key.
14 Chapter2
Setting Up the iDEN Mode
iDEN Mode
• RF Burst (Wideband), Video (IF Envlp), Ext Front and Ext Rear - Pressing
one of these trigger keys will access each triggering condition setup
menu. This menu is used to specify the
Delay, Level and Slope
settings for each trigger source as follows:.
Delay - Allows you to enter numerical values to modify the delay
time. The range is −500.000 to +500.000 ms with 1 ns resolution.
For trigger delay use a positive value, and for pre-trigger use a
negative value.
Level - Allows you to enter a numerical value to adjust the trigger
level depending on the trigger source selected.
—For
RF Burst selection, the RF level range is −200.00 to 0.00 dB
with 0.01 dB resolution, relative to the peak RF signal level.
The realistic range can be down to −20 dB.
—For
Video selection, the video level range is −200.00 to +50.00
dBm with 0.01 dB resolution at the RF input. The realistic
range can be down to around −40 dBm, depending on the noise
level of the signal.
—For
Ext Front or Ext Rear selection, the level range is −5.00 to
+5.00 V with 1 mV resolution.
Slope Pos Neg - Allows you to toggle the trigger slope between Pos
at the positive-going edge and Neg at the negative-going edge of
the burst signal.
Other keys accessed under the Trigger key:
Trig Holdoff - Allows you to set the period of time before the next
•
trigger can occur. The range is 0.000 to 1000 s with 1 µs resolution.
• Auto Trig - Allows you to specify a time for a trigger timeout. The
range is 0.000 to 1000 sec with 1 µs resolution. If no trigger occurs by
the specified time, a trigger is automatically generated.
•
Frame Timer - Allows you to access the Frame Timer menu to manually
control the frame timer:
Period - Allows you to set the period of the frame clock. The range
is 1.000 to 559.0 ms. Finest resolution is 1 ns.
Trigger Default Settings
RF burst:
Delay 0.000 sec
Peak level −6.0 dB
Slope Pos
Chapter 2 15
Setting Up the iDEN Mode
iDEN Mode
Trigger Default Settings
Video:
Delay 0.000 s
Level −20.00 dBm
Slope Pos
Ext Front & Ext Rear:
Delay 0.000 s
Level 2.00 V
Slope Pos
Trigger holdoff 20.00 ms
Auto trigger 200.0 ms, Off
Frame timer period 90.0 ms
Changing the Frequency Channel
After selecting the desired mode setup, you will need to select the
desired center frequency. Press the
following menu:
•
Center Freq - Enter a frequency value that corresponds to the desired
RF channel to be measured.This is the current instrument center
frequency for any measurement function.
When the iDEN mode is selected, the instrument will default to the
following setting.
Frequency Channel Default Settings
Center Frequency 806 MHz
Frequency Channel key to access the
16 Chapter2
Setting Up the iDEN Mode
Installing Optional Measurement Personalities
Installing Optional
Measurement Personalities
Installing a measurement personality is a two step process.
1. The measurement personality firmware must be installed into the
instrument.
2. A license key number must be entered which enables the
measurement personality to run. (Refer to the “License Key
Numbers” section.)
Adding additional measurement personalities requires purchasing a
retrofit kit for the desired option. The retrofit kit includes the
measurement personality firmware, usually supplied on a zip disk. The
license key certificate, included in the kit, contains the license key
number. Every retrofit kit will have installation instructions.
The installation instructions require you to know three pieces of
information about your instrument; the amount of memory installed,
the Host ID, and the instrument serial number.
To find: Key Path:
Instrument
Memory:
__________________
Host ID:
__________________
Instrument
Serial Number:
__________________
Exit Main Firmware key. This key is only for use when you want to update
firmware using a LAN connection. The
System, File System
(the amount of memory in your
instrument will be the sum of the
memory and the Free memory)
System, Show System, Host ID
System, Show System, Serial Number
Exit Main Firmware key halts the
Used
operation of the resident firmware code so you can install an updated
version of firmware using a LAN connection. Instructions for loading
future firmware updates are available at the following URL:
www.agilent.com/find/vsa/
Chapter 2 17
Setting Up the iDEN Mode
Installing Optional Measurement Personalities
Available Personality Options
The option designation consists of three characters, as shown in the
Option column of the table below.
Available Personality Options
GSM with EDGE, measurement
personality
cdmaOne measurement personality BAC
NADC, PDC measurement personalities BAE
iDEN measurement personality HN1
W-CDMA measurement personality BAF
cdma2000 measurement personality B78
a
Option
BAH
a. As of the print date of this measurement guide.
License Key Numbers
The measurement personality you have purchased with your
instrument has been installed and enabled at the factory. With the
purchase of the measurement personality, and with any future
purchase of a new personality, you will receive a unique license key
number. The license key number is a hexadecimal number that is for
your specific measurement personality and instrument serial number.
The license key enables you to install, or reactivate any personality you
have purchased.
Follow these steps to locate the unique license key number for the
measurement personality that has come installed in your instrument:
1. Press
you press the
System, More (1 of 3), More (2 of 3), Install, Choose Option. When
Choose Option key the alpha editor will be activated.
Use the alpha editor to enter the letters (upper-case) and the
front-panel numeric keyboard to enter the numbers (if required) for
the personality option that has been installed in the instrument.
2. Press the
number for your instrument will now appear on the
Done key on the alpha editor menu. The unique license key
License Key
softkey.
18 Chapter2
Setting Up the iDEN Mode
Installing Optional Measurement Personalities
You will want to keep a copy of your license key number in a
secure location. Please enter your license key numbers in the
box provided below for future reference. If you should lose your
license key number, call your nearest Agilent Technologies
service or sales office for assistance.
License Key Numbers for Instrument with Serial # ________
For Option______________ the license key number is _____________________
For Option______________ the license key number is _____________________
For Option______________ the license key number is _____________________
For Option______________ the license key number is _____________________
For Option______________ the license key number is _____________________
For Option______________ the license key number is _____________________
If you purchase an option later, you will receive a certificate which
displays the unique license key number that you will need to install
that option.
NOTE You will need to use a license key number only if you purchase an
additional measurement personality, or if you want to reactivate a
measurement personality that has been deactivated.
Installing a License Key Number
NOTE Follow this procedure to reinstall a license key number which has been
deleted during the uninstall process, or lost due to a memory failure.
Toinstall a license key number for the selected option, use the following
procedure:
1. Press
Pressing the
Use the alpha editor to enter the letters (upper-case) and the
front-panel numeric keyboard to enter the numbers (if required) for
the option designation, then press the
option, you will see your entry in the active function area of the
display.
2. Press
entry of both letters and numbers. Use the alpha editor to enter
letters. Use the front-panel numeric keyboard to enter numbers. You
will see your entry in the active function area of the display. When
you have completed entering the license key number, press the
key.
System, More(1 of 3), More(2 of 3), Install, Choose Option.
Choose Option key will activate the alpha editor menu.
Done key. As you enter the
License Key. Entering the license key number will require
Done
Chapter 2 19
Setting Up the iDEN Mode
Installing Optional Measurement Personalities
3. Press the Install Now key after you have entered the active license
key number and the personality option. When pressed, a message
may appearin the function area of the display which reads,“Insert
disk and power cycle the instrument”. Disregard this
message. Press the
No key only if you wish to cancel the installation
process. If you want to proceed with the installation, press the
key and cycle the instrument power off and then on.
Using the Uninstall Key
The following procedure removes the license key number for the
selected option. This will make the option unavailable for use, and the
message “Application Not Licensed” will appear in the Status/Info
bar at the bottom of the display. Please write down the 12-digit license
key number for the option before proceeding. If that measurement
personality is to be used at a later date you will need the license key
number to reactivate the personality firmware.
NOTE Using the Uninstall key does not remove the personality from the
instrument memory, and does not free memory to be available to install
another option. If you need to free memory to install another option,
refer to the instructions for loading firmware updates located at the
URL: www.agilent.com/find/vsa/
Yes
1. Press
Pressing the
System, More(1 of 3), More(2 of 3), Uninstall, Choose Option.
Choose Option key will activate the alpha editor menu.
Use the alpha editor to enter the letters (upper-case) and the
front-panel numeric keyboard to enter the numbers (if required) for
the option, then press the
Done key. As you enter the option, you will
see your entry in the active function area of the display.
2. Press the Uninstall Now key after you have entered the personality
option. Press the
process. Press the
No key only if you wish to cancel the uninstall
Yes key if you want to continue the uninstall
process.
3. Cyclethe instrument power off and then on to complete the uninstall
process.
20 Chapter2
3 Making iDEN Measurements
21
Making iDEN Measurements
iDEN Measurements
iDEN Measurements
Once you’ve selected the iDEN mode, the following measurements are
available by pressing the
Adjacent Channel Power (ACP)
Bit Error Rate (BER)
Occupied Bandwidth (OBW)
Spectrum (frequency domain) Measurements
Waveform (time domain) Measurements
This chapter includes information on:
•
Meas Control keys in “Measure Control” on page 24
Meas Setup keys to change parameters common to many iDEN
•
measurements in “Measurement Setup” on page 24
• ACP Meas Setup keys in “Making the Adjacent Channel Power
Measurement” on page 27
Measure key.
• BER Meas Setup keys in “Making the Bit Error Rate Measurement”
on page 31
• OBW Meas Setup keys in “Making the Occupied Bandwidth
Measurement” on page 34
• Spectrum Meas Setup keys in “Making the Spectrum (Frequency
Domain) Measurement” on page 37
• Waveform Meas Setup keys in “Making the Waveform (Time Domain)
Measurement” on page 45
These are referred to as one-button measurements. When you press the
key to select the measurement it will become the active measurement,
using settings and a display unique to that measurement. Data
acquisitions will automatically begin provided trigger requirements, if
any, are met.
22 Chapter3
Making iDEN Measurements
Preparing for Measurements
Preparing for Measurements
If you want to set the iDEN mode to a known, factory default state,
press
Preset. This will preset the mode setup and all of the
measurements to the factory default parameters.
NOTE Pressing the Preset key does not change the instrument mode.
To preset only the settings that are specific to the selected
measurement, press
set the measure setup parameters, for the currently selected
measurement only, to the factory defaults.
Initial Setup
Before making a measurement, make sure the mode setup and
frequency/channel parameters are set to the desired settings. Refer to
the sections “Changing the Mode Setup” and “Changing the Frequency
Channel” in the previous chapter.
Meas Setup, More, Restore Meas Defaults. This will
How to Make a Measurement
Follow the three-step process shown in the table below:
Step Primary
Key
1. Select mode &
setup mode
2. Select
measurement &
setup measurement
3. Select view &
setup view
Mode Mode Setup, Input,
Measure Meas Setup Meas Control,
View/Trace Span X Scale,
Setup Keys Related
Frequency Channel
Amplitude Y Scale
Next Window, Zoom
,
Keys
System
Restart
File
, Save,
Print, Print
Setup
,Marker,
Search
Chapter 3 23
Making iDEN Measurements
Preparing for Measurements
Measure Control
The Meas Control front panel menu key controls processes that affect
the running of the current measurement.
•
Measure softkey. Press Meas Control,Measure (not to be confused with
the front panel
between Single and Cont (for continuous) measurement states.
When set to Single, the measurement will continue until it has
reached the specified number of averages set by the average counter.
When set to Continuous, the measurement will run continuously,
and perform averaging according to the current average type (repeat
or exponential). The default setting is continuous.
•
Pause key. Press Meas Control, Pause to pause the current
measurement. Once toggled, the label of the
read
Resume. The Resume key, once pressed, continues the active
measurement from the point at which it was paused.
• Restart key. The Restart front panel key repeats the current
measurement from the beginning, while retaining the current
measurement settings.
Measure key which has a different function) to toggle
Pause key changes to
Measurement Setup
The Meas Setup key accesses features that enable you to adjust
parameters of the current measurement, such as resolution bandwidth.
You will also use the
Source, Offs & Limits, and Advanced measurement setup features.
The following measure setup features can be used with some or all
measurements.
Res BW key. Press Meas Setup, Res BW to change the resolution of a
•
given measurement. Selection of a narrower bandwidth will result in
a longer data acquisition time.
•
% Power key. Press Meas Setup, % Power to choose the percentage of
the total channel power that you want to measure. The bandwidth of
that amount of power will be measured. This selection is only for
occupied bandwidth measurements.
•
Frames key. Press Meas Setup, Frames to choose the number of frames
that you want to measure bit error rate for. This selection is only for
bit error rate measurements.
•
Meas Type key. Press Meas Setup, Meas Type to choose to measure the
total power or the power spectral density. This selection is only for
adjacent channel power measurements.
Meas Setup menu to access the Meas Type, Trig
24 Chapter3
Making iDEN Measurements
Preparing for Measurements
• Limit Test key. Press Meas Setup, Limit Test to turn limit testing on
and off. The limits that you want to test against can be selected.
• Restore Meas Defaults key. To preset only the settings that are
specific to the selected measurement, press
Restore Meas Defaults. This will set the measure setup parameters,
Meas Setup, More,
for the currently selected measurement only, to the factory defaults.
Averaging
Selecting one of the averaging keys in the
Meas Setup menu will allow
you to modify the number, averaging mode, and type of averaging you
use for the currently selected measurement.
•
Avg Number - will allow you to change the number of N averages to
be used when making the measurement.
• Avg Mode Exp Repeat - will allow you to choose either exponential or
repeat averaging. This selection only effects the averaging after the
number of N averages is reached (set using the
Avg Number key).
— Single measurements: Normal (linear) averaging is always
used until the specified number of N averages is reached. When
Measure is set at Single, data acquisitions are stopped when the
number of averages is reached for a single measurement. Thus
Avg Mode has no effect on single measurements.
— Exponential averaging: When
Measure is set at Cont, data
acquisitions will continue indefinitely. After N averages,
exponential averaging is used with a weighting factor of N (the
displayed average count stops at N). Exponential averaging
weights new data more than old data, which allows tracking of
slow-changing signals. The weighting factor N is set using the
Averages, Avg Bursts, or Avg Number key.
— Repeat averaging: When
Measure is set at Cont, data
acquisitions will continue indefinitely. After N averages is
reached, all previous result data is cleared and the average count
is set back to 1. This is equivalent to being in
pressing the
Restart key each time the Single measurement
Measure Single and
finishes.
Chapter 3 25
Making iDEN Measurements
Preparing for Measurements
Trig Source
Changing the selection in the
Trig Source menu alters the trigger source
for the selected measurement only. Not all of the selections are
available for all measurements. Note that the
Video (IF Envlp), Ext Front, and Ext Rear menu keys found in the Trigger
RF Burst (Wideband),
menu enable you to change settings to modify the delay, level, and slope
for each of these trigger sources. Choose one of the following trigger
sources:
•
Free Run (Immediate) - the trigger occurs at the time the data is
requested, completely asynchronous to the RF or IF signal.
• RF Burst (Wideband) - an internal wideband RF burst trigger that has
an automatic level control for burst signals. It triggers on a level
that is relative to the peak of the signal passed by the RF (12 MHz
bandwidth).
•
Video (IF Envlp) - an internal IF envelope trigger. It triggers on an
absolute threshold level of the signal passed by the IF.
• Ext Front - activates the front panel external trigger input (EXT
TRIGGER INPUT). The external trigger must be a signal between −5
and +5 volts.
• Ext Rear - activates the rear panel external trigger input (TRIGGER
IN). The external trigger must be a signal between −5 and +5 volts.
Frame - uses the internal frame clock to generate a trigger signal.
•
The clock parameters are controlled under the
Mode Setup key or the
measurement firmware, not both. See the specific measurement for
details.
•
Line - activates an internal line trigger. Sweep triggers occur at
intervals synchronized to the line frequency.
Rear panel TRIGGER 1 OUT and TRIGGER 2 OUT connectors are coupled
to the selected trigger source. These trigger outputs are always on the
rising edge with a pulse width of at least 1 µs.
26 Chapter3
Making iDEN Measurements
Making the Adjacent Channel Power Measurement
Making the Adjacent Channel Power
Measurement
Purpose
To maintain a quality call by avoiding channel interference, it is quite
important to measure and reduce an adjacent channel leakage power
transmitted from a mobile phone. The characteristics of adjacent
channel leakage power are mainly determined by the transmitter
design, particularly the low-pass filter.
Adjacent channel leakage power is defined by the iDEN standard as the
total power within the bandwidth of 10 kHz, centered at 25 kHz offset
from the carrier frequency.
Measurement Method
This measurement analyzes the total power levels within the defined
bandwidth of 10 kHz at given frequency offsets on both sides of the
carrier frequency using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT).
The total peak power is measured, using a resolution bandwidth
(automatically set) much narrower than the channel bandwidth,
through the entire iDEN bandwidth of 18 kHz. Both the absolute power
levels and the power levels relative to the center power band are
displayed.
The measurement functions, such as averaging, trigger source, limit
test, offsets and limits, need to be set up to make a measurement and
establish pass/fail testing.
Making the Measurement
NOTE The factory default settings provide an iDEN compliant measurement.
For special requirements, you may need to change some of the settings.
Press
return all parameters for the current measurement to their default
settings.
Select the desired center frequency as described in “Changing the
Frequency Channel” on page 16.
Meas Setup, More (1 of 2), Restore Meas Defaults at any time to
Press
measurement.
Tochange any of the measurement parameters from the factory default
values, refer to “Changing the Measurement Setup” on page 28 for this
measurement.
Chapter 3 27
Measure, ACPR to immediately make an adjacent channel power
Making iDEN Measurements
Making the Adjacent Channel Power Measurement
Results
The next figure shows an example result of adjacent channel power
measurements in the bar graph window. The power levels at both sides
of the carrier frequency are displayed in the graphic window and text
window.
Figure 3-1 Adjacent Channel Power Measurement Result - Bar Graph
Changing the Measurement Setup
The next table shows the factory default settings for adjacent channel
power measurements.
28 Chapter3
Making iDEN Measurements
Making the Adjacent Channel Power Measurement
Table 3-1 Adjacent Channel Power Measurement Defaults
Measurement Parameter Factory Default Condition
Average number 20, On
Average mode Exponential
Trigger source RF burst (inbound)
Limit Test On
Reference BW 18 kHz
Offset frequency 25.000 kHz
Offset bandwidth 10.000 kHz
Absolute limit 0.00 dBm
Fail Relative
Relative limit (carrier) −60 dB
Relative limit (PSD) −57.45 dB
Make sure the adjacent channel power measurement is selected under
the
Measure menu. The Meas Setup key accesses the menu which allows
you to modify the average number, average mode and trigger source for
this measurement as described in “Measurement Setup” earlier in this
chapter. However, the trigger source does not include
Video or Line. In
addition, the following parameters for adjacent channel power
measurements can be modified:
•
Limit Test - Allows you to toggle the limit test function between On
and Off. If set to On, Abs Lim and/or Rel Lim need to be specified to
execute pass/fail tests with the logical judgement under the
Fail key.
Pass/fail results are shown in the active display window with the
number of averages. In the text window, a red character F is shown
on the right side of each measurement result, either relative or
absolute, if it exceeds the limits with its logical judgement.
•
Ref BW - Allows you to enter a reference bandwidth ranging from 300
Hz to 20.0000 MHz with the best resolution of 1 Hz. When this
parameter is changed, the integration bandwidth Integ BW in the
summary data window changes to that value.
•
Offs & Limits - Allows you to access the menu to change the following
parameters for pass/fail tests:
Offset Freq - Allows you to store a frequency offset value. For
iDEN the offset for the measurement is specified as 25 kHz. The
offset selection is shown on the key label.
Offset BW - Allows you to select bandwidth of the carrier and
offset channels that you want to measure.
Chapter 3 29
Making iDEN Measurements
Making the Adjacent Channel Power Measurement
Abs Limit - Allows you to enter an absolute limit value ranging
from −200.00 to +50.00 dBm with 0.01 dB finest resolution.
Fail - Allows you to access the following menu to select one of the
logic keys for fail conditions between the measurement results
and the test limits:
AND - Fail is shown if one of the relative ACP measurement
results is larger than
Rel Lim AND the absolute ACP
measurement result is larger than
OR - Fail is shown if one of the relative ACP measurement
results is larger than
Rel Lim OR one of the absolute ACP
measurement results is larger than
Absolute - Fail is shown if one of the absolute ACP
measurement results is larger than
Relative - Failis shown if one of the relative ACP measurement
results is larger than
Rel Lim (Car)- Allows you to enter a limit value, relative to the
Rel Lim.
carrier, ranging from −200.00 to +50.00 dB with 0.01 dB finest
resolution.
Abs Limit.
Abs Limit.
Abs Limit.
Rel Lim (PSD)- Allows you to enter a limit value, relative to the
power spectral density, ranging from −200.00 to +50.00 dB with
0.01 dB finest resolution.
Troubleshooting Hints
This adjacent channel power ratio measurement can reveal degraded or
defective parts in the transmitter section of the UUT. The following
examples are those areas to be checked further.
• Some faults in the DC power supply control of the transmitter power
amplifier, RF power controller of the pre-power amplifier stage, or
I/Q control of the baseband stage
• Some degradation in the gain and output power level of the amplifier
due to the degraded gain control and/or increased distortion
• Some degradation of the amplifier linearity and other performance
characteristics
Power amplifiers are one of the final stage elements of a base or mobile
transmitter and are a critical part of meeting the important power and
spectral efficiency specifications. Since ACP measures the spectral
response of the amplifier to a complex wideband signal, it is a key
measurement linking amplifier linearity and other performance
characteristics to the stringent system specifications.
30 Chapter3
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