Agilent E4406A cdma2000 Measurement Guide

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cdma2000 Measurement Guide

Agilent Technologies E4406A VSA Series

Transmitter Tester

Manufacturing Part Number: E4406-90105

Printed in USA

April 2000

The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.

Agilent Technologiesmakesnowarrantyofanykindwithregard to this material, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and ﬁtness for a particular purpose. Agilent Technologies shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.

1. Understanding cdma2000

What Is the cdma2000 Communication System?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

What Does the E4406A VSA Series Transmitter Tester Do? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Other Sources of Measurement Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Instrument Updates at www.agilent.com/ﬁnd/vsa/. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2. Setting Up the cdma2000 Mode

cdma2000 Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

How to Make a Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Changing the Mode Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Changing the Frequency Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

cdma2000 Measurement Key Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Installing Optional

Measurement Personalities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

Available Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

License Key Numbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

Installing a License Key Number. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Using the Uninstall Key. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

3. Making cdma2000 Measurements

cdma2000 Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Preparing for Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Initial Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Measurement Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

Measurement Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

Making the Channel Power Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Measurement Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Making the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Changing the Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Changing the Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

Troubleshooting Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

Making the Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR) Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Measurement Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Making the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Changing the Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Changing the View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Changing the Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59

Troubleshooting Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60

Making the Power Stat CCDF Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Measurement Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Making the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Changing the Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Changing the View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Changing the Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64

Using the Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Troubleshooting Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

Contents

Making the QPSK EVM Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66

Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66

Measurement Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66

Making the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67

Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67

Changing the Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68

Changing the View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69

Changing the Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70

Using the Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73

Troubleshooting Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73

Making the Modulation Accuracy (Rho) Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74

Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74

Measurement Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74

Making the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75

Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75

Changing the Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76

Changing the View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77

Changing the Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78

Using the Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81

Troubleshooting Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81

Making the Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82

Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82

Measurement Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82

Making the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82

Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83

Changing the Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84

Changing the View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88

Using the Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88

Troubleshooting Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89

Making the Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90

Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90

Measurement Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90

Making the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91

Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91

Changing the Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92

Changing the View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94

Using the Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95

Troubleshooting Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95

1 Understanding cdma2000

Understanding cdma2000

What Is the cdma2000 Communication System?

Code division multiple access 2000 (cdma2000) is one of the wideband air interface technologies for the third generation RF cellular communications systems. This system relies on the Global Positioning System (GPS) for intercell synchronization. Both reverse and forward transmitter power controls are implemented with 1.25 ms intervals. cdma2000 is a direct sequence spread-spectrum digital communications technique that supports wider RF bandwidths from 1.25 to 15 MHz. The main advantages of cdma2000 over other types of communication schemes are:

• greater capacity

• immunity to signal loss and degradation in the presence of high-level broadband interference

• immunity to signal loss and degradation due to multipath, scattering, and fading

• power consumption of mobile stations is strictly minimized by both base station and mobile controls

• supports variable data rates up to 144 kbits/second for mobile (vehicular) data rate,up to 384 kbits/second for portable (pedestrian) data rate, and up to 2 Mbits/second for ﬁxed installations

• provides increased security

cdma2000 uses correlative codes to distinguish one user from another. Frequency division is still used, as is done with Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) and Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), but in a much larger bandwidth such as 1.25 MHz or greater. cdma2000 realizes increased capacity from 1:1 frequency reuse and sectored cells. The capacity limit is soft. That is, capacity can be increased with some degradation of the error rate or voice quality.

In cdma2000, a single user's channel consists of a speciﬁc frequency combined with a unique code. Correlative codes allow each user to operate in the presence of substantial interference. The interference is the sum of all other users on the same cdma2000 frequency, both from within and outside of the home cell, and from delayed versions of these signals. It also includes the usual thermal noise and atmospheric disturbances. Delayed signals caused by multipath are separately received and combined in cdma2000. One of the major differences in access is that any cdma2000 frequency can be used in all sectors of all cells. This is possible because cdma2000 is designed to decode the proper signal in the presence of high interference.

6 Chapter1

Understanding cdma2000

What Is the cdma2000 Communication System?

Also, cdma2000 offers a number of RF structures to accommodate almost any conceivable application. These options include direct spreading to support those applications where clear spectrum is available and multi-carrier arrangements using 1.25 MHz wide channels to allow overlays with TIA/EIA-95-B systems.

cdma2000 is deﬁned in the following Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) and Electronics Industry Alliance (EIA) document:

TIA/EIA/ IS-2000 Mobile Station - Base Station Compatibility Standard

for Dual-Mode Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular System

Chapter 1 7

Understanding cdma2000

What Does the Agilent Technologies E4406A VSA Series Transmitter Tester Do?

This instrument can help determine if a cdma2000 transmitter is working correctly. The E4406A Transmitter Tester automatically makes measurements using the measurement methods and limits deﬁned in the standards (TIA/EIA/IS-2000.2). The detailed results displayed by the measurements allow you to analyze cdma2000 system performance. You may alter the measurement parameters for specialized analysis.

For infrastructure test, the instrument will test base station transmitters in a non-interfering manner by means of a coupler or power splitter.

This instrument makes the following measurements:

• Channel Power

• Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR)

• Power Statistics CCDF

• QPSK EVM

• Modulation Accuracy (Rho)

• Spectrum (Frequency Domain)

• Waveform (Time Domain)

8 Chapter1

Understanding cdma2000

Other Sources of Measurement Information

Additional measurement application information is available through your local Agilent Technologies sales and service ofﬁce. The following application notes treat digital communications measurements in much greater detail than discussed in this measurement guide.

• Application Note 1298 Digital Modulation in Communications Systems - An Introduction

part number 5965-7160E

• Application Note 1311 Understanding CDMA Measurements for Base Stations and Their

Components part number 5968-0953E

• Application Note 1325 Performing cdma2000 Measurements Today

part number 5968-5858E

Instrument Updates at www.agilent.com/ﬁnd/vsa/

This web location can be used to access the latest information about the transmitter tester.

Chapter 1 9

Understanding cdma2000

Other Sources of Measurement Information

10 Chapter1

2 Setting Up the cdma2000 Mode

Setting Up the cdma2000 Mode

cdma2000 Mode

You may want to install a new personality, reinstall a personality that you have previously uninstalled, or uninstall a personality. Instructions for installing and uninstalling personality options are under “Installing

Optional Measurement Personalities” on page 35.

At initial power up, the transmitter tester will come up in the Basic mode, with the Spectrum (frequency domain) measurement selected and the

Measure menu displayed.

To access the cdma2000 measurement personality, press the and select the

cdma2000 key.

If you want to set the cdma2000 mode to a known, factory default state, press Preset. This will preset the mode setup and all of the measurements to the factory default parameters.

NOTE Pressing the Preset key does not switch instrument modes.

How to Make a Measurement

Follow the three-step procedure shown in the table below:

Step Primary Key Setup Key Related Key

1. Select & setup a mode.

2. Select & setup a measurement.

3. Select & setup a view.

Mode Mode Setup, Input,

Frequency Channel

Measure Meas Setup Meas Control,

View/Trace Span X Scale,

Amplitude Y Scale, Display, Next Window, Zoom

System

Restart File, Save,

Print, Print Setup, Marker, Search

Mode key

Step 1. Select & setup a mode as follows, for example:

• Press the

Mode key and select cdma2000. Frequency Channel key and enter the channel frequency to

be measured.

• Press the

Mode Setup key and change the Radio, Input, and Trigger

conditions from those default settings.

Refer to “Changing the Mode Setup” on page 14 and “Changing the

Frequency Channel” on page 20 for further explanation.

12 Chapter2

Setting Up the cdma2000 Mode

Refer to “Mode Setup / Frequency Channel Key Flow (1 of 2)” on page

22 for the key ﬂow diagrams.

Step 2. Select & setup a measurement as follows, for example:

• Press the Measure key to select either Channel Power, ACPR, Power

Stat CCDF, Spectrum (Freq Domain), Waveform (Time Domain), QPSK EVM, or Mod Accuracy (Pilot Only) to make its measurement.

cdma2000 Mode

• Press the

Meas Setup key to change any of the measurement

parameters from the default settings. These parameters such as Span, Resolution Bandwidth, Trigger Source, Average, Limit Test and Limits, are decided according to the measurement selected.

Refer to “Channel Power Measurement Key Flow” on page 23 to

“Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement Key Flow (1 of 2)” on page 33

for the key ﬂow diagrams.

Step 3. Select & setup a view as follows, for example:

• Press the

View/Trace key to select the desired view for the current

measurement.

• Press the

Next Window key to select a window, then press the Zoom

key to expand the window to the full display area.

• Press the

Span X Scale, Amplitude Y Scale, Display, and/or Marker keys

for your desired display. These keys are not alwaysavailable for each view.

Refer to “Channel Power Measurement Key Flow” on page 23 to

“Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement Key Flow (1 of 2)” on page 33

for the key ﬂow diagrams.

Entering a Numeric Value

Three methods are available to enter a numeric value for an active softkey, however, its resolution can be different depending on the method selected and the range, if any. The highest resolutions are described throughout this guide.

•

Numeric keys - Allows you to enter a value with the highest

resolution by pressing the numeric keys. The entry is terminated by pressing the

Enter key or one of the unit softkeys shown.

• RPG knob - Allows you to continuously change the value shown on the softkey with the medium or highest resolution depending on the parameter by rotating this knob.

• Step (Up/Down arrow) keys - Allows you to change the value shown on the softkey with the ﬁxed-step resolution deﬁned to the parameter activated. While the ⇑ (up arrow) key is pressed down, for example, the value increases in multiple steps deﬁned to the parameter.

Chapter 2 13

Setting Up the cdma2000 Mode

cdma2000 Mode

Changing the Mode Setup

Numerous settings can be changed at the mode level by pressing the

Mode Setup key. This will access the menu with the selections listed

below. The factory default settings are shown in tables. These settings affect only the measurements in the cdma2000 mode.

Conﬁguring the Radio Setting

The

Radio key accesses the menu as follows:

Device - Allows you to toggle the test device between BTS (Base

• Transmission Station) and

Spread Rate - Allows you to access the menu to select one of the

• spreading rates as follows:

SR1 - Allows you to set the ﬁnal spreading rate conﬁguration in

terms of 1.2288 Mcps on a single 1.23 MHz bandwidth carrier.

SR3 DS - Allows you to set the direct spread conﬁguration to

transmit symbols on a single carrier which is spread with a

3.6864 Mcps chip rate for SR3.

MS (Mobile Station).

SR3 MC - Allows you to set the multi-carrier conﬁguration to

de-multiplex symbols onto 3 separate 1.25 MHz carriers for SR3.

• Radio Conﬁg - Allows you to access the menu to select a radio conﬁguration according to the device setting, when to

SR1. A radio conﬁguration is a data set that includes a group of

Spread Rate is set

rates that are all related by a power of 2.

RC1 - This radio conﬁguration is the backwards compatible mode

with rate set one (RS1) as deﬁned in TIA/EIA-95-B. This has a maximum data rate of 9600 bps for voice trafﬁc and supports all of the lower fractional rates. This is used when

Device is set to MS

or BTS.

RC2 - This is the backwards compatible mode with rate set two

(RS2) as deﬁned in TIA/EIA-95-B. This has a maximum data rate of 14,400 bps and supports all of the lower fractional rates. Both

RC1 and RC2 use the exact same coding found in TIA/EIA-95-B

and do not use any of the new cdma2000 coding improvements. This is used when

RC3 - This is a cdma2000 speciﬁc conﬁguration based on a data

Device is set to MS or BTS.

rate of 9,600 bps and supports both the lower fractional rates and higher rates up to 153,600 bps. This uses either quarter rate convolutional or turbo encoding. This is used when

MS or BTS.

Device is set to

14 Chapter2

RC4 - This is a cdma2000 speciﬁc conﬁguration based on a data

rate of 9,600 bps and supports both the lower fractional rates and higher rates up to 307,200 bps. This uses either half rate convolutional or turbo encoding. This is used when

MS or BTS. RC5 - This is a cdma2000 speciﬁc conﬁguration based on a data

rate of 14,400 bps and supports data rates up to 230,400 bps. This uses either one-fourth rate convolutional or turbo encoding. This is used when

Device BTS Spread Rate SR1 Radio Conﬁg RC3

Device is set to BTS.

Radio Default Settings

Conﬁguring the Input Setting

Setting Up the cdma2000 Mode

cdma2000 Mode

Device is set to

The

Input key accesses the menu as follows: (You can also access this

menu from the

RF Input Range - Allows you to toggle the RF input range control

• between

Input front-panel key.)

Auto and Man (manual). If Auto is chosen, the instrument

automatically sets the attenuator based on the carrier power level, where it is tuned. Once you change the

Max Total Pwr or Input Atten

value with the RPG knob, for example, the RF Input Range key is automatically set to

Man. If there are multiple carriers present, the

total power might overdrive the front end. In this case you need to set the power by activating the

RF Input Range to Man and enter the expected maximum total

Max Total Pwr key. Man is also useful to hold

the input attenuation constant for the best relative power accuracy. For single carriers it is generally recommended to set this to

Max Total Pwr - Allows you to set the maximum total power level from

• the UUT (Unit Under Test). The range is −200.00 to 100.00 dBm with 0.01 dB resolution. This is the expected maximum value of the mean carrier power referenced to the output of the UUT; it may include multiple carriers. The together with the the

Max Total Pwr value with the RPG knob, for example, the RF Input

Range key is automatically set to Man.

Input Atten and Ext Atten settings. Once you change

Max Total Pwr setting is coupled

Auto.

Chapter 2 15

Setting Up the cdma2000 Mode

cdma2000 Mode

• Input Atten - Allows you to control the internal input attenuator setting. The range is 0 to 40 dB with 1 dB resolution. The

Input Atten

key reads out the actual hardware value that is used for the current measurement. If more than one input attenuator value is used in a single measurement, the value used at the carrier frequency will be displayed. The

Input Atten setting is coupled to the Max Total Pwr

setting. Once you change the Input Atten setting with the RPG knob, for example, the

Ext Atten - Allows you to access the following menu to enter the

• external attenuation values. Either of the coupled together with the

Ext Atten does not switch the RF Input Range key to Man. This will

RF Input Range key is automatically set to Man.

Ext Atten settings is

RF Input Range setting, however, pressing

allow the instrument to display the measurement results referenced to the output of the UUT.

MS - Allows you to set an external attenuation value for MS tests.

The range is −50.00 to +50.00 dB with 0.01 dB resolution.

BTS - Allows you to set an external attenuation value for BTS

tests. The range is −50.00 to +50.00 dB with 0.01 dB resolution.

Input Default Settings

RF Input Range Max Total Pwr Input Atten Ext Atten:

MS BTS

Auto

−15.00 dBm

0.00 dBm

0.00 dB

a. Auto is not used for Spectrum measurements. b. This may differ if the maximum input power is

more than −15.0 dBm, or depending on the previous measurements.

NOTE The Max Total Pwr and the Input Atten settings are coupled together.

When you switch to a different measurement, the is kept constant, but the

Input Atten setting may change if the two

Max Total Pwr setting

measurements have different mixer margins.Thus, you can directly set the transmitter tester input attenuator, or you can set it indirectly by specifying the expected maximum power at the UUT (Max Total Pwr setting).

16 Chapter2

Setting Up the cdma2000 Mode

cdma2000 Mode

Conﬁguring the Trigger Condition

Trigger key allows you: (1) to access the trigger selection menu to

The specify each triggering condition, (2) to modify the default trigger holdoff time using the

Trig Holdoff key, (3) to modify the auto trigger

time and to activate or deactivate the auto trigger feature using the

Auto Trig key, and (4) to modify the period of the frame timer using the Frame Timer key.

NOTE The actual trigger source is selected separately for each measurement

under the Meas Setup key.

•

RF Burst, Video (IF Envlp), Ext Front and Ext Rear - Pressing one of

these trigger keys will access each triggering condition setup menu. This menu is used to specify the

Delay, Level and Slope settings for

each trigger source as follows:

Delay - Allows you to enter a numerical value to modify the

trigger delay time. The range is −100.0 to +500.0 ms with 1 µs resolution. For trigger delay use a positive value, and for pre-trigger use a negative value.

Level - Allows you to enter a numerical value to adjust the trigger

level depending on the trigger source selected.

For

RF Burst selection, the key label reads as Peak Level. The

RF level range is −25.00 to 0.00 dB with 0.01 dB resolution, relative to the peak RF signal level. The realistic range can be down to −20 dB.

For

Video (IF Envlp) selection, the video level range is −200.00

to +50.00 dBm with 0.01 dB resolution at the RF input. The realistic range can be down to around −50 dBm depending on the noise ﬂoor level of the input signal.

For

Ext Front or Ext Rear selection, the level range is −5.00 to

+5.00 V with 1 or 10 mV resolution.

Slope - Allows you to toggle the trigger slope between Pos at the

positive-going edge and

Neg at the negative-going edge of the

burst signal.

There are other keys under the Trigger key as follows:

Trig Holdoff - Allows you to set the period of time before the next

• trigger can occur. The range is 0.000 µs to 500.0 ms with 1 µs resolution.

•

Auto Trig - Allows you to specify a time for a trigger timeout and

toggle the auto trigger function between

On and Off. The range is

1.000 ms to 1.000 ks with 1 µs resolution. If no trigger occurs by the speciﬁed time, a trigger is automatically generated.

Chapter 2 17

Setting Up the cdma2000 Mode

cdma2000 Mode

• Frame Timer - Allows you to access the menu to manually control the frame timer:

Period - Allows you to set the period of the frame clock. The range

is 0.000 ns to 559.0000 ms with 1 ps resolution.

Offset - Allows you to set the offset of the frame clock. The range

is 0.000 to 10.00 s with 100 ns resolution over 1.000 µs range.

Reset Offset Display - Allows you to display without any offset of

the frame clock.

Sync Source - Allows you to access the menu to select one of the

sources to be synchronized with.

Off - Allows you to turn the synchronizing source off for

asynchronous tests.

RF Burst (Wideband) - Allows you to select the RF burst signal

as the synchronizing source.

Ext Front - Allows you to select the external input signal from

the front-panel input port as the synchronizing source.

Ext Rear - Allows you to select the external input signal from

the rear panel input port as the synchronizing source.

18 Chapter2

RF Burst:

Delay Peak Level Slope

Video (IF Envlp):

Delay Level Slope

Ext Front:

Delay Level Slope

Ext Rear:

Delay Level Slope

Setting Up the cdma2000 Mode

cdma2000 Mode

Trigger Default Settings

0.000 µs

−6.00 dB

Pos

0.000 µs

−6.00 dBm Pos

0.000 µs

2.00 V Pos

0.000 µs

2.00 V

Pos Trig Holdoff 0.000 ms Auto Trig 100.0 ms, Off Frame Timer:

Period Offset Sync Source

20.00000 ms

0.000 ms

Off

Chapter 2 19

Setting Up the cdma2000 Mode

cdma2000 Mode

Changing the Frequency Channel

After selecting the desired mode setup, you will need to select the desired center frequency and the center frequency step. The selections made here will apply to all measurements in the mode. Press the

Frequency Channel key to access the following menu:

Center Freq - Allows you to enter a frequency that corresponds to the

• desired RF channel to be measured. This is the current instrument center frequency. The range is 1.000 kHz to 4.32140 GHz with 1 Hz resolution.

•

CF Step - Allows you to enter a center frequency step to shift the

measurement segment, and to toggle the step function between and Man. If set to Auto, the CF Step value automatically changes according to the selection of the standard. The range is 1.000 kHz to

1.00000 GHz with 1 Hz resolution.

Frequency Channel Default Settings

Frequency Channel:

Center Freq CF Step

1.00000 GHz

1.25000 MHz, Auto

Auto

20 Chapter2

Setting Up the cdma2000 Mode

cdma2000 Measurement Key Flow

The key ﬂow diagrams, shown in a hierarchical manner on the following pages, will help grasp the overall functional relationships for the front-panel keys and the softkeys displayed at the extreme right side of the screen. The diagrams are:

“Mode Setup / Frequency Channel Key Flow (1 of 2)” on page 22 “Channel Power Measurement Key Flow” on page 23 “ACPR Measurement Key Flow” on page 24 “Power Statistics CCDF Measurement Key Flow” on page 25 “QPSK EVM Measurement Key Flow (1 of 2)” on page 26 “Modulation Accuracy Measurement Key Flow (1 of 2)” on page 28 “Spectrum (Freq Domain) Measurement Key Flow (1 of 3)” on page

View/Trace

QPSK EVM

Avg Number 10 On|Off

“Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement Key Flow (1 of 2)” on page 33

Use these ﬂow diagrams as follows:

• There are some basic conventions: An oval represents one of the front-panel keys. This box represents one of the softkeys displayed. This represents an explanatory description on its speciﬁc key. This box shows how the softkey default condition is displayed.

Default parameters or values are underlined wherever possible.

• Start from the extreme upper left corner of each measurement diagram to the right direction, and go from the top to the bottom.

• When deﬁning a key from auto with underline to manual, for example, just press that key one time.

• When entering a numeric value of

Frequency, for example, use the

numeric keypad by terminating with the appropriate unit selection from the softkeys displayed.

• When entering a numeric value of numeric keypad by terminating with the

Avg Number, for example, use the

Enter front-panel key.

• Instead of using the numeric keypad to enter a value, it may be easier to use the RPG knob or Up/Down keys depending on the input ﬁeld of a parameter.

Chapter 2 21

Setting Up the cdma2000 Mode

cdma2000 Measurement Key Flow

Figure 2-1 Mode Setup / Frequency Channel Key Flow (1 of 2)

cdma2000Mode

Mode Setup

Radio

Device BTS|MS Spread Rate SR1

SR1 SR3 DS

SR3 MC

Radio Config RC3

RC1 RC2 RC3 RC4 RC5 <RC1 to RC5 available if Device is BTS>

Input

RF Input Range Auto|Man Max Total Pwr -15.00 dBm Input Atten 0.00 dB Ext Atten

MS 0.00 dB BTS 0.00 dB

Trigger

RF Burst

Delay 0.000 us Peak Level -6.00 dB Slope Pos|Neg

Video (IF Envlp)

Delay 0.000 us

Level -6.00 dBm

Slope Pos|Neg

Ext Front

Delay 0.000 us Level 2.00 V Slope Pos|Neg

Ext Rear

Delay 0.000 us Level 2.00 V Slope Pos|Neg

(a)

<cd2_mode.vsd>

22 Chapter2

Setting Up the cdma2000 Mode

cdma2000 Measurement Key Flow

Figure 2-2 Mode Setup / Frequency Channel Key Flow (2 of 2)

(a)

Trig Holdoff 0.000 ms Auto Trig 100.0 ms On|Off

Frame Timer

Period 20.00000 ms Offset 0.000 ms Reset Offset Display Sync Source Off

Off RF Burst (Wideband) Ext Front Ext Rear

Frequency Channel

Center Freq 1.00000 GHz CF Step 1.25000 MHz Auto|Man

Figure 2-3 Channel Power Measurement Key Flow

Measure

Channel Power

Meas Setup

Channel PowerMeasure

Amplitude Y Scale

Avg Number 20 On|Off

Avg ModeExp| Repeat Integ BW 1.23000 MHz Chan Power Span 2.00000 MHz Restore Meas Defaults Advanced

Sweep Time 68.27 us Auto|Man Data Points 512 Auto|Man

Res BW 27.857 kHz

Trig Source Free Run (Immediate)

Free Run (Immediate) Ext Front

Ext Rear

Scale/Div 10.00 dB Ref Value 10.00 dBm Ref Position Top |Ctr|Bot Scale CouplingOn|Off

<cd2_mod2.vsd>

<cd2_chpw.vsd>

Chapter 2 23

Setting Up the cdma2000 Mode

cdma2000 Measurement Key Flow

Figure 2-4 ACPR Measurement Key Flow

Measure

ACPR

Meas Setup

ACPRMeasure

View/Trace

Avg Number 10 On|Off Avg Mode Exp| Repeat Chan Integ BW 1.23000 MHz Ofs & Limits

Offset A

A B C D E

Offset Freq 750.000 kHz On|Off

Ref BW 30.000 kHz Abs Limit 50.00 dBm Fail Relative

AND

Absolute

Relative

Rel Lim (Car) 0.00 dBc

Rel Lim (PSD) 0.00 dB <default for A to E: 0.0 dB>

Meas Type Total Pwr Ref

Total Pwr Ref

PSD Ref Sweep Type FFT|Swp Swp RBW 6.661 kHz Auto|Man Swp Det Avg|Peak

Restore Meas Defaults

Advanced

Swp Acq Time 625.0 us

Bar Graph Total Pwr Ref Spectrum Total Pwr Ref

Amplitude Y Scale

Scale/Div 10.00 dB

Ref Value 10.00 dBm

Ref Position Top |Ctr|Bot

Scale CouplingOn|Off

Display

Ref BW Markers On|Off

<default for BTS & SR1:

A = 750.0 kHz, On B = 1.980 MHz, On C to E = 0.0 Hz, Off>

<cd2_acp.vsd>

24 Chapter2

Setting Up the cdma2000 Mode

cdma2000 Measurement Key Flow

Figure 2-5 Power Statistics CCDF Measurement Key Flow

Measure

Power Stat CCDF

Meas Setup

Power Stat CCDFMeasure

Span X Scale Scale/Div 2.00 dB

Power Stat CCDFMeasure

Display

Power Stat CCDFMeasure

Marker

Meas BW 5.00000 MHz Counts 10.0000 Mpoints Meas Interval 1.000 ms

Trig Source Free Run (Immediate)

Free Run (Immediate)

Video (IF Envlp) RF Burst (Wideband) Ext Front Ext Rear Frame

Restore Meas Defaults

Store Ref Trace Ref Trace On|Off Gaussian Line On|Off

Select 1|2|3|4 Normal Delta Function Off

Band Power Noise Off

Trace Measured

Measured

Gaussian

Reference Off Shape Diamond

Diamond Line

Square

Cross

Marker All Off

<cd2_cdf.vsd>

Chapter 2 25

Setting Up the cdma2000 Mode

cdma2000 Measurement Key Flow

Figure 2-6 QPSK EVM Measurement Key Flow (1 of 2)

Measure

QPSK EVM Meas Setup

QPSK EVMMeasure

View/Trace

Avg Number 10 On|Off

Avg Mode Exp|Repeat Meas Interval 256 chips Trig Source Free Run (Immediate)

Free Run (Immediate) Video (IF Envlp) RF Burst (Wideband) Ext Front Ext Rear

Frame Restore Meas Defaults Advanced

Chip Rate 1.22880 MHz

RF Carrier Single|Multi

I/Q Measured Polar Vector I/Q Measured Polar Constln I/Q Error (Quad View)

Span X Scale

Scale/Div 25.50 chip Ref Value 0.000 chip

Ref Position Left|Ctr|Right

Scale CouplingOn|Off

Amplitude Y Scale

Scale/Div 5.00 pcnt Ref Value 0.00 pcnt Ref Position Top|Ctr|Bot

Scale CouplingOn|Off

Amplitude Y Scale

Scale/Div 0.10 deg

Ref Value 0.00 deg

Ref Position Top|Ctr|Bot

Scale CouplingOn|Off

Amplitude Y Scale

Scale/Div 5.00 pcnt Ref Value 0.00 pcnt Ref Position Top|Ctr|Bot

Scale CouplingOn|Off

<cd2_evm.vsd>

26 Chapter2

Setting Up the cdma2000 Mode

cdma2000 Measurement Key Flow

Figure 2-7 QPSK EVM Measurement Key Flow (2 of 2)

QPSK EVMMeasure

I/Q Points 1280 pointsDisplay

Chip Dots On|Off

QPSK EVMMeasure

Marker

Select 1|2|3|4 Normal Delta

Function Off

Band Power Noise Off

Trace EVM

EVM Phase Error

Mag Error Off Shape Diamond

Diamond

Line

Square

Cross Marker All Off

<cd2_evm2.vsd>

Chapter 2 27

Setting Up the cdma2000 Mode

cdma2000 Measurement Key Flow

Figure 2-8 Modulation Accuracy Measurement Key Flow (1 of 2)

Measure

Mod Accuracy (Pilot Only)

Meas Setup

Mod Accuracy (Pilot Only)Measure

View/Trace

Avg Number 10 On|Off Avg Mode Exp| Repeat Meas Interval 256 chips

Trig Source Free Run (Immediate)

Free Run (Immediate) Video (IF Envlp) RF Burst (Wideband) Ext Front Ext Rear Frame

Spectrum Normal|Invert

Restore Meas Defaults

I/Q Measured Polar Vector

I/Q Measured Polar Constln I/Q Error (Quad View)

Span X Scale

Amplitude Y Scale

Scale/Div 230.3 chip

Ref Value 0.000 chip

Ref Position Left|Ctr|Right Scale CouplingOn|Off

Scale/Div 5.00 pcnt Ref Value 0.00 pcnt Ref Position Top|Ctr|Bot Scale CouplingOn|Off

Scale/Div 0.10 deg Ref Value 0.00 deg Ref Position Top|Ctr|Bot Scale CouplingOn|Off

Scale/Div 5.00 pcnt Ref Value 0.00 pcnt Ref Position Top|Ctr|Bot Scale CouplingOn|Off

<cd2_mdac.vsd>

28 Chapter2

Setting Up the cdma2000 Mode

cdma2000 Measurement Key Flow

Figure 2-9 Modulation Accuracy Measurement Key Flow (2 of 2)

Mod Accuracy (Pilot Only)Measure

I/Q Points 512 pointsDisplay

Chip Dots On|Off

Mod Accuracy (Pilot Only)Measure

Marker

Select 1|2|3|4 Normal Delta

Function Off

Band Power Noise Off

Trace EVM

EVM Phase Error

Mag Error Off Shape Diamond

Diamond Line Square Cross

Marker All Off

<cd2_mda2.vsd>

Chapter 2 29

+ 66 hidden pages

Agilent E4406A cdma2000 Measurement Guide

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

1 Understanding cdma2000

What Is the cdma2000 Communication System?

What Does the Agilent Technologies E4406A VSA Series Transmitter Tester Do?

Other Sources of Measurement Information

2 Setting Up the cdma2000 Mode

cdma2000 Mode

How to Make a Measurement

Changing the Mode Setup

Changing the Frequency Channel

cdma2000 Measurement Key Flow