NADC, PDC Measurement Guide
Agilent Technologies E4406A VSA Series
Transmitter Tester
Manufacturing Part Number: E4406-90059
Printed in USA
April 2000
© Copyright 1999-2000 Agilent Technologies, Inc.
The information contained in this document is subject to change
without notice.
Agilent Technologiesmakesnowarrantyofanykindwithregard to this
material, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of
merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Agilent
Technologies shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for
incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing,
performance, or use of this material.
Contents
1. Understanding NADC
What is the NADC Communications System?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
What does the E4406A do?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Other Sources of Measurement Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Instrument Updates at www.agilent.com/find/vsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
2. Setting Up the NADC Mode
NADC Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
How to Make a Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Changing the Mode Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Changing the Frequency Channel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
NADC Measurement Key Flow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Installing and Uninstalling Optional Measurement Personalities . . . .33
Active License Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
Installing Personality Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Uninstalling Personality Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
3. Making NADC Measurements
NADC Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
Preparing for Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
Initial Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
Measurement Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
Measurement Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Measurement Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Making the Adjacent Channel Power Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
Measurement Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
Making the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
3
Contents
Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Changing the Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Changing the View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Troubleshooting Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Making the Error Vector Magnitude Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Measurement Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Making the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Changing the Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Changing the View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Changing the Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Troubleshooting Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Making the Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurement . . . . . . . . . . 61
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Measurement Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Making the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Changing the Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Changing the View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Using the Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Troubleshooting Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Making the Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Measurement Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Making the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Changing the Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Changing the View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Using the Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
4
Contents
Troubleshooting Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
4. Understanding PDC
What is the PDC Communications System? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80
What does the E4406A do?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
Other Sources of Measurement Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
Instrument Updates at www.agilent.com/find/vsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
5. Setting Up the PDC Mode
PDC Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86
How to Make a Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86
Changing the Mode Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88
Changing the Frequency Channel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
PDC Measurement Key Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94
Installing and Uninstalling Optional Measurement Personalities . . .104
Active License Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104
Installing Personality Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105
Uninstalling Personality Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106
6. Making PDC Measurements
PDC Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108
Preparing for Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109
Initial Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109
Measurement Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109
Measurement Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111
Measurement Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111
Making the Adjacent Channel Power Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115
Measurement Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115
5
Contents
Making the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Changing the Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Changing the View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Troubleshooting Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Making the Error Vector Magnitude Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Measurement Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Making the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Changing the Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Changing the View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Changing the Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Troubleshooting Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Making the Occupied Bandwidth Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Measurement Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Making the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Changing the Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Changing the Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Troubleshooting Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Making the Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurement . . . . . . . . . 135
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Measurement Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Making the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Changing the Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Changing the View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Using the Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
6
Contents
Troubleshooting Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144
Making the Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145
Measurement Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145
Making the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146
Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146
Changing the Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147
Changing the View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149
Using the Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150
Troubleshooting Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151
7
Contents
8
1 Understanding NADC
9
Understanding NADC
What is the NADC Communications System?
What is the NADC Communications System?
The North American Dual-Mode Cellular (NADC) is one of the cellular
communications systems. NADC is also referred to as North American
Digital Cellular, or American Digital Cellular (ADC). Occasionally it is
also referred to as Digital Advanced Mobile Phone Service (D-AMPS) or
NADC-TDMA.
The NADC communications system is defined in the Electronics
Industry Alliance (EIA) and Telecommunication Industry Association
(TIA) standard documents. The following is a list of all relevant and
applicable standard documents:
• TIA/EIA IS-136.1
TDMA Cellular/PCS - Radio Interface - Mobile Station - Base
Station Compatibility - Digital Control Channel
• TIA/EIA IS-136.2
TDMA Cellular/PCS - Radio Interface - Mobile Station - Base
Station Compatibility - Traffic Channels and FSK Control Channel
• TIA/EIA IS-137
TDMA Cellular/PCS - Radio Interface - Minimum Performance
Standards for Mobile Stations
• TIA/EIA IS-138
TDMA Cellular/PCS - Radio Interface - Minimum Performance
Standards for Base Stations
• TIA/EIA-627
800 MHz Cellular System, TDMA Radio Interface, Dual-Mode
Mobile Station - Base Station Compatibility Standard
(ANSI/TIA/EIA-627-96), which replaced IS-54-B
• TIA/EIA-628
800 MHz Cellular System, TDMA Radio Interface, Minimum
Performance Standards for Dual-Mode Mobile Stations
(TIA/EIA-628-96), which replaced IS-55-A
• TIA/EIA-629
800 MHz Cellular System, TDMA Radio Interface, Minimum
Performance Standards for Base Stations Supporting Dual-Mode
Mobile Stations (ANSI/TIA/EIA-629-96), which replaced IS-56-A
Each base station retains the analog control channels and analog traffic
channels of the advanced mobile phone service (AMPS) system. In
addition, a base station can have digital traffic channels. The mobile
stations are dual mode and access the network via the analog control
10 Chapter1
Understanding NADC
What is the NADC Communications System?
channel. They are capable of using either analog or digital traffic
channel. Digital control channel and digital only mobile stations are
also currently being produced.
The digital part of the NADC system employs a combination of FDMA
and time division multiple access (TDMA). The NADC time division
multiple access structure allows up to six users to share a single carrier
frequency. The TDMA frame structure divides time on a carrier into a
stream of frames. Each frame is 40 ms long consisting of 6 timeslots;
thus, one timeslot is 6.667 ms long. A digital traffic channel is defined
by a carrier frequency (or channel number) and a timeslot number.
Each user must transmit data only on his carrier frequency, at a time
defined by a timeslot number. Currently, 2 timeslots per frame are
required for each user because more time is required to transmit voice
using full-rate speech codecs presently available. This allows 3 users
per frequency pair. When half-rate speech codecs are incorporated into
the system, each traffic channel will require just one timeslot per frame
allowing 6 users per frequency pair.
NADC digital mobile stations transmit a burst of data when their
assigned timeslot occurs. This means a mobile station transmits a
bursted amplitude modulation signal, ramping transmission power on
and off. An NADC digital base station transmits continuously,
switching digital modulation on at the appropriate timeslots.
The digital modulation format used in the NADC system is the π/4
differential quadrature phase shift keying (π/4 DQPSK). The π/4
DQPSK modulation causes both phase and amplitude variations on the
RF signal. The quadrature nature of this modulation allows 2 bits to be
transmitted at the same time on orthogonal carriers. These 2 bits make
one NADC symbol. The digital modulation operates at 162 symbols, or
324 bits in each timeslot. The symbol period is 41.16 µs. Since there are
1944 bits in 6 timeslots and 25 frames in one second, the transmission
bit rate is 48,600 bits per second, or 24,300 symbols per second.
The key objectives of the NADC system are to increase the subscriber
capacity, provide more secure voice communications, and be backwards
compatible with the existing AMPS analog cellular system.
Since the system transmits all information in a digital form, it will be
much harder to listen to someone else’s cellular phone conversation.
This is a key benefit for people using cellular phones that convey
confidential information.
Following is a summary of the NADC air interface. Note that the
frequency range is the same as the analog cellular. Since it is a
dual-mode system, NADC will use the same frequency band currently
assigned to the AMPS cellular. The available channels are divided into
analog and digital channels. The channel spacing is 30 kHz each, and
the RX/TX frequency difference is 45 MHz as in the AMPS cellular.
NADC has a RX/TX time spacing of 1.85 ms.
Chapter 1 11
Understanding NADC
What is the NADC Communications System?
Band Uplink Downlink Channel Numbers
825.030 to 848.970 MHz 870.030 to 893.970 MHz 1 to 799
800 MHz
1900 MHz 1850.040 to 1909.920 MHz 1930.080 to 1989.990 MHz 2 to 1998
824.040 to 825.000 MHz 869.040 to 870.000 MHz 991 to 1023
12 Chapter1
Understanding NADC
What does the Agilent Technologies E4406A do?
What does the Agilent Technologies E4406A
do?
This instrument can help determine if an NADC transmitter operates
correctly. When configured for NADC, the instrument can be used to
test an NADC transmitter according to the TIA/EIA standards, 627,
628, 629, IS-136, IS-137, and IS-138. This document defines complex
and multiple-part measurements used to maintain an interference-free
environment. Forexample, the document includes the testing method of
a carrier power. The E4406A Transmitter Tester automatically makes
these measurements based on the TIA/EIA standards. The detailed
measurement result displays allow you to analyze NADC system
performance. You may alter the measuring parameters for your specific
measurement and analysis.
Chapter 1 13
Understanding NADC
Other Sources of Measurement Information
Other Sources of Measurement Information
Additional measurement application information is available through
your local Agilent Technologies sales and service office. The following
application notes explain digital communications measurements in
much greater detail than discussed in this guide.
• Application Note 1298
Digital Modulation in Communications Systems - An Introduction
part number 5965-7160E
• Application Note 1324
Understanding PDC and NADC Transmitter Measurements for
Base Transceiver Stations and Mobile Stations
part number 5968-5537E
Instrument Updates at www.agilent .com/find/vsa
This web location can be used to access the latest information about the
transmitter tester.
14 Chapter1
2 Setting Up the NADC Mode
15
Setting Up the NADC Mode
NADC Mode
NADC Mode
You may want to install a new personality, reinstall a personality that
you have previously uninstalled, or uninstall a personality option.
Instructions can be found in “Installing and Uninstalling Optional
Measurement Personalities” on page 33.
At the initial power up, the transmitter tester will come up in the Basic
mode, with the Spectrum (frequency domain) measurement selected
and the
Measure menu displayed.
To access the NADC measurement personality press the
select
NADC.
Mode key and
If you want to set the NADC mode to a known, factory default state,
press the Preset key. This will preset the mode setup and all of the
NADC measurements to the factory default parameters.
NOTE Pressing the Preset key does not switch instrument modes.
How to Make a Measurement
Follow the three-step procedure shown in the table below:
Step Primary Key Setup Keys Related Keys
1.Select &setup
a mode.
2.Select &setup
a measurement.
3.Select &setup
a view.
Mode Mode Setup, Input,
Frequency Channel
Measure Meas Setup Meas Control,
View/Trace Span X Scale,
Amplitude Y Scale
Display,NextWindow,
Zoom
System
Restart
File, Save,
,
Print, Print Setup,
Marker, Search
Step 1. Select & setup a mode, for example:
• Press the
• Press the
Mode key and select NADC.
Frequency Channel key and enter the channel frequency to
be measured.
• Press the
Input, Trigger and Burst menus from those default settings, if
Mode Setup key to change any of the settings in the Radio,
required.
Refer to “Changing the Mode Setup” on page 18 and “Changing the
Frequency Channel” on page 23 for further explanation.
16 Chapter2
Refer to “Mode Setup / Frequency Channel Key Flow” on page 25 for the
hierarchical details.
Step 2. Select & setup a measurement, for example:
• Press the Measure key and select either ACP, EVM, Spectrum (Freq
Domain), or Waveform (Time Domain) to make its measurement.
Setting Up the NADC Mode
NADC Mode
• Press the
Meas Setup key to change any of the measurement
parameters from the default settings, if required. These parameters
such as Span, Resolution Bandwidth, Trigger Source,Average, Limit
Test and Limits, are decided according to the measurement selected.
Refer to “ACP Measurement Key Flow” on page 26, and to “Waveform
(Time Domain) Measurement Key Flow (1 of 2)” on page 31 for the
hierarchical details.
Step 3. Select & setup a view, for example:
• Press the
View/Trace key and select the desired view for the current
measurement.
• Press the
Next Window key and select a window, then press the Zoom
key to expand the window to the full display area.
• Press the
Span X Scale,Amplitude Y Scale, and/or Marker keys for your
desired display. These keys are not always valid for each
measurement being done. The
measurements.
Refer to “ACP Measurement Key Flow” on page 26, and to “Waveform
(Time Domain) Measurement Key Flow (1 of 2)” on page 31 for the
hierarchical details.
Display key is only valid for EVM
Chapter 2 17
Setting Up the NADC Mode
NADC Mode
Changing the Mode Setup
Numerous settings can be changed at the mode level by pressing the
Mode Setup key. This will access the selection menu listed below. These
settings affect only the measurements in the NADC mode.
Radio
The
Radio key accesses the menu as follows:
Traffic Rate - Allows you to toggle the traffic rate between Full and
•
Half.
Device - Allows you to toggle the test device between BS (Base
•
Station) and
When the NADC mode is selected, the instrument will default to the
following settings.
MS (Mobile Station).
Radio Default Settings
Traffic Rate Full
Device BS
Input
Input key accesses the menu as follows: (You can also access this
The
menu from the
RF Input Range - Allows you to toggle the RF input range function
•
between
domain) measurements. If
Input front-panel key.)
Auto and Man (manual). Auto is not used for Spectrum (freq
Auto is chosen, the instrument
automatically sets the input attenuator based on the carrier power
level, where it is tuned. Once you change the
Atten value with the RPG knob, for example, the RF Input Range key
is automatically set to
Man. If there are multiple carriers present,
Max Total Pwr or Input
the total power might overdrive the front end amplifiers. In this case
you need to set
maximum total power by activating the
RF Input Range to Man and enter the expected
Max Total Pwr key. Man is also
useful to hold the input attenuation constant for the best relative
power accuracy. For single carriers it is generally recommended to
set this to
Max Total Pwr - Allows you to set the maximum total power from the
•
Auto.
UUT (Unit Under Test). The range is −200.00 to +50.00 dBm with
0.01 dB resolution. This is the expected maximum value of the mean
carrier power referenced to the output of the UUT; it may include
multiple carriers. The
the
Input Atten and Ext Atten settings. Once you change the Max Total
Pwr value with the RPG knob, for example, the RF Input Range key is
automatically set to
Max Total Pwr setting is coupled together with
Man.
18 Chapter2
Setting Up the NADC Mode
NADC Mode
• Input Atten - Allows you to control the internal input attenuator
setting. The range is 0 to 40 dB with 1 dB resolution. The
Input Atten
key reads out the actual hardware value that is used for the current
measurement. If more than one input attenuator value is used in a
single measurement, the value used at the carrier frequency will be
displayed. The
Total Pwr setting. Once you change the Input Atten value with the
RPG knob, for example, the
to
Man.
Ext Atten - Allows you to access the following menu to enter the
•
external attenuation values. Either of the
coupled together with the
Ext Atten does not switch the RF Input Range key to Man. This will
Input Atten setting is coupled together with the Max
RF Input Range key is automatically set
Ext Atten settings is
Max Total Pwr setting, however, pressing
allow the instrument to display the measurement results referenced
to the output of the UUT.
MS - Sets an external attenuation value ranging from −50.00 to
+50.00 dB with 0.01 dB resolution for MS. The default setting is
0.00 dB.
BS - Sets an external attenuation value ranging from −50.00 to
+50.00 dB with 0.01 dB resolution for BS. The default setting is
0.00 dB.
NOTE The Max Total Pwr setting is coupled together with the Input Atten and
Ext Atten settings. For a given measurement, changing the input Max
Total Pwr setting by x dB changes the Input Atten setting by x dB, and
vice-versa. However, changing the
the
Ext Atten setting,even though changing the Ext Atten setting by x dB
changes the
different measurement, the
the
Input Atten setting may change if the two measurements have
Max Total Pwr setting by x dB. When you switch to a
Max Total Pwr setting is kept constant, but
Max Total Pwr setting does not change
different mixer margins. Thus, you can directly set the transmitter
tester input attenuator, or you can set it indirectly by specifying the
expected maximum power from the UUT.
Chapter 2 19
Setting Up the NADC Mode
NADC Mode
When the NADC mode is selected, the instrument will default to the
following settings.
Input Default Settings
RF Input Range
Max Total Pwr
Input Atten
Ext Atten:
MS
BS
a
Auto
−15.00 dBm
0.00 dB
0.00 dB
0.00 dB
b
b
a. Auto is not used for Spectrum (freq
domain) measurements.
b. This may differ if the maximum input
power is more than −15 dBm.
Trigger
Trigger key allows you: (1) to access the trigger source selection
The
menu to specify the triggering conditions for each trigger source, (2) to
modify the default trigger holdoff time using the
Trig Holdoff key, (3) to
modify the auto trigger time and to activate or deactivate the auto
trigger feature using the
the frame timer using the
Auto Trig key, and (4) to modify the period of
Frame Timer key.
NOTE The actual trigger source is selected separately for each measurement
under the Meas Setup key.
•
RF Burst, Video (IF Envlp), Ext Front and Ext Rear - Pressing one of
these trigger keys will access each triggering condition setup menu.
This menu is used to specify the
Delay, Level and Slope settings for
each trigger source as follows:
Delay - Allows you to enter a numerical value to modify the
trigger delay time. The range is −500.000 to +500.000 ms with the
best resolution of 1 µs. For trigger delay use a positive value, and
for pre-trigger use a negative value.
Level - Allows you to enter a numerical value to adjust the trigger
level depending on the trigger source selected.
—For
RF Burst selection, the RF level range is −200.00 to 0.00 dB
with 0.01 dB resolution, relative to the peak RF signal level.
The realistic range can be down to −20 dB.
—For
Video (IF Envlp) selection, the video level range is −200.00
to +50.00 dBm with 0.01 dB resolution at the RF input. The
realistic range can be down to around −40 dBm, depending on
20 Chapter2
the noise floor level of the input signal.
Setting Up the NADC Mode
NADC Mode
—For
Ext Front or Ext Rear selection, the level range is −5.00 to
+5.00 V with 1 or 10 mV resolution.
Slope - Allows you to toggle the trigger slope between Pos at the
positive-going edge and
Neg at the negative-going edge of the
burst signal.
Other keys accessed under the Trigger key:
Trig Holdoff - Allows you to set the period of time before the next
•
trigger can occur. The range is 0.000 to 500.0 ms with the best
resolution of 1 µs.
•
Auto Trig - Allows you to specify a time for a trigger timeout. The
range is 0.000 to 1000 sec with the best resolution of 1 µs. If no
trigger occurs by the specified time, a trigger is automatically
generated.
•
Frame Timer - Allows you to access the menu to manually control the
frame timer:
Period - Allows you to set the period of the frame clock. The range
is 1.000000 to 559.0000 ms with the best resolution of 1 ns.
When the NADC mode is selected, the instrument will default to the
following settings.
Trigger Default Settings
RF Burst:
Delay
Peak Level
Slope
Video (IF Envlp):
Delay
Level
Slope
Ext Front & Ext Rear:
Delay
Level
Slope
Trig Holdoff 10.00 ms
Auto Trig 100.0 ms, On
Frame Timer:
Period:
(if set to full rate)
(if set to half rate)
0.000 sec
−10.0 dB
Pos
0.000 sec
−30.00 dBm
Pos
0.000 sec
2.00 V
Pos
20.00000 ms
40.00000 ms
Chapter 2 21
Setting Up the NADC Mode
NADC Mode
Burst
Burst key allows you to access the following menu to set the trigger
The
condition for the ACP and EVM measurements when
Radio is set to MS. This is used in conjunction with Frame Timer.
Delay - Allows you to set the delay time after searching a threshold
•
Device under
level of NADC bursts. The range is −500.0 to +500.0 ms with the best
resolution of 0.1 µs.
•
Search Threshold - Allows you to set the threshold level used in
search for NADC bursts after data is acquired. The range is −200.00
to −0.01 dB with 0.01 dB resolution. The realistic range can be down
to the noise floor level of the input signal.
When the NADC mode is selected, the instrument will default to the
following settings.
Burst Default Settings
Delay 0.000 s
Search Threshold −30.00 dB
22 Chapter2
Setting Up the NADC Mode
NADC Mode
Changing the Frequency Channel
After selecting the desired mode setup, you will need to select the
desired center frequency, burst type and slot. The selections made here
will apply to all measurements in the mode. Press the
Channel key to access the following menu:
Center Freq - Allows you to enter a frequency value that corresponds
•
to the desired RF channel to be measured. This is the current
instrument center frequency for any measurement function.
•
Burst Type - Allows you to choose an NADC burst type from the
following selections only when
to
MS, otherwise this key is unavailable. This is used only when
Device under Radio is previously set
making EVM measurements.
Traffic (TCH) - Sets to the traffic channel burst signal of which
burst length is 324 bits or 162 symbols.
Control (CCH) - Sets to the control channel burst signal of which
burst length is 280 bits or 140 symbols.
Frequency
• Slot (Std) - Allows you to toggle the slot selection function between
Auto and Man (manual), and also to specify the particular timeslot to
be measured when
Man is selected. This is used only when making
EVM measurements.
Auto - In auto, the measurement is made on the first timeslot
found to have any one of the valid sync words, corresponding to
slots 1 to 6. The measurement may be made on various timeslots
if more than one timeslot has a valid sync word.
Man - In manual, the measurement is made only on the specified
timeslot that has a valid sync word. The timeslot range is 1 to 6.
When the NADC mode is selected, the instrument will default to the
following settings.
Frequency Channel Default Settings
Center Freq 1.00000 GHz
Burst Type
Slot (Std) 1, Auto
a
Traffic (TCH)
a. This is used only when Device is MS.
Chapter 2 23
Setting Up the NADC Mode
NADC Measurement Key Flow
NADC Measurement Key Flow
The key flow diagrams, shown in a hierarchical manner on the
following pages, will help the user to grasp the overall functional
relationships for the front-panel keys and the softkeys displayed at the
extreme right side of the screen. The diagrams are:
“Mode Setup / Frequency Channel Key Flow” on page 25,
“ACP Measurement Key Flow” on page 26,
“EVM Measurement Key Flow” on page 27,
“Spectrum (Freq Domain) Measurement Key Flow (1 of 3)” on page
28,
“Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement Key Flow (1 of 2)” on page
31.
Use these flow diagrams as follows:
Meas Setup
EVM
<for EVM>
Avg Number 10 On | Off
• There are some basic conventions:
An oval represents one of the front-panel keys.
This box represents one of the softkeys displayed.
This represents an explanatory description on its specific key.
This box represents one of the default condition softkeys displayed.
Default conditions are shown as much as possible with underlined
parameters or values shown on those softkey labels.
• Start from the extreme upper left corner of each measurement
diagram to the right direction, and go from the top to the bottom.
• When defining a key from auto with underline to manual, for
example, just press that key one time.
• When entering a numeric value of
Frequency, for example, use the
numeric keypad by terminating with the appropriate unit selection
from the softkeys displayed.
• When entering a numeric value of
numeric keypad by terminating with the
Slot (Std), for example, use the
Enter front-panel key.
• Instead of using the numeric keypad to enter a value, it may be
easier to use the RPG knob or Up/Down keys depending on the input
field of a parameter.
24 Chapter2
NADC Measurement Key Flow
m
>
Figure 2-1 Mode Setup / Frequency Channel Key Flow
NADCMode
Mode Setup
Radio
Traffic Rate Full| Half
Device BS | MS
Input
RF Input Range Auto| Man
Max Total Pwr -15.00 dBm
Input Atten 0.00 dB
Ext Atten
MS 0.00 dB
BS 0.00 dB
Trigger
RF Burst
Delay 0.000 s
Peak Level -10.00 dB
Slope Pos| Neg
Video (IF Envlp)
Delay 0.000 s
Level -30.00 dBm
Slope Pos| Neg
Ext Front
Delay 0.000 s
Level 2.00 V
Slope Pos| Neg
Ext Rear
Delay 0.000 s
Level 2.00 V
Slope Pos| Neg
Trig Holdoff 10.00 ms
Auto Trig 100.0 ms On | Off
Frame Timer
Period 20.00000 ms
Burst
Delay 0.000 s
Search Threshold -30.00 dB
Setting Up the NADC Mode
<Auto not for Spectru
Frequency Channel
Chapter 2 25
Center Freq 1.00000 GHz
Burst Type Traffic (TCH)
Traffic (TCH)
Control (CCH)
Slot (Std) 1Auto| Man
<for EVM when Device is MS
<for EVM>
Setting Up the NADC Mode
NADC Measurement Key Flow
Figure 2-2 ACP Measurement Key Flow
Measure
ACP
Meas Setup
ACPMeasure
View/Trace
Avg Number 10 On | Off
Avg Mode Exp | Repeat
Trig Source Free Run (Immediate)
Free Run (Immediate)
RF Burst (Wideband)
Ext Front
Ext Rear
Frame
Limit Test On| Off
Offs & Limits
Offset A
A
B
C
D
E
Offset Freq 30.000 kHz On | Off
Offset Power Integ | Peak
Abs Limit 0.00 dBm
Fail Relative
AND
OR
Absolute
Relative
Rel Limit (Car) -26.00 dB
Restore Meas Defaults
Bar Graph
Spectrum
Amplitude Y Scale
Scale/Div 10.00 dB
Ref Value -30.00 dBm
Ref Position Top| Ctr | Bot
Scale Coupling On | Off
<A: default selection>
<default settings>
<default for D & E>
<default for C>
<default for A & B>
<default settings>
<default settings>
<A: 30.000 kHz On>
<B: 60.000 kHz On>
<C: 90.000 kHz On>
<D: 120.000 kHz Off>
<E: 0.00 Hz Off>
<A, B, D, E: 0.00 dBm>
<C: -13.00 dBm>
<A: -26.00 dB>
<B, C: -45 dB>
<D, E: 0.00 dB>
26 Chapter2
Figure 2-3 EVM Measurement Key Flow
Setting Up the NADC Mode
NADC Measurement Key Flow
Measure
EVM
Meas Setup
EVMMeasure
View/Trace
EVMMeasure
Display
Avg Number 10 On | Off
Avg Mode Exp | Repeat
Trig Source Free Run (Immediate)
Free Run (Immediate)
Video (IF Envlp)
RF Burst (Wideband)
Ext Front
Ext Rear
Frame
Burst Sync None
Sync Word
RF Amptd
None
Limit Test On | Off
Limits
RMS EVM 12.5 Pcnt
Peak EVM 40.0 Pcnt
First 10 EVM (MS only) 25.0 Pcnt
Origin Offset -20.00 dB
Restore Meas Defaults
I/Q Measured Polar Vector
I/Q Measured Polar Constln
I/Q Error (Quad View)
Span X Scale
Scale/Div 16.10 Sym
Ref Value 0.000 Sym
Ref Position Left| Ctr | Right
Scale Coupling On | Off
Amplitude Y Scale
Scale/Div 10.0 Pcnt
Ref Value 0.00 Pcnt
Ref Position Top | Ctr | Bot
Scale Coupling On | Off
Amplitude Y Scale
Scale/Div 2.00 Deg
Ref Value 0.00 Deg
Ref Position Top | Ctr | Bot
Scale Coupling On | Off
Amplitude Y Scale
Scale/Div 10.0 Pcnt
Ref Value 0.00 Pcnt
Ref Position Top | Ctr | Bot
Scale Coupling On | Off
Pts/Symb Displayed 1 | 5
Symbol Dots On| Off
<for BS; 15.6 Sym for MS>
<for EVM>
<for Phase Error>
<for Mag Error>
Chapter 2 27
Setting Up the NADC Mode
NADC Measurement Key Flow
Figure 2-4 Spectrum (Freq Domain) Measurement Key Flow (1 of 3)
Measure
Spectrum (Freq Domain)
Meas Setup
Span 1.00000 MHz
Res BW 20.0000 kHz Auto| Man
Avg Number 25 On | Off
Avg Mode Exp | Repeat
Avg Type Log-Pwr Avg (Video)
Voltage Avg
Maximum
Minimum
Trig Source Free Run (Immediate)
Restore Meas Defaults
Advanced
Pre-FFT Fltr Gaussian |Flat
FFT Size
Pwr Avg (RMS)
Log-Pwr Avg (Video)
Free Run (Immediate)
Video (IF Envlp)
RF Burst (Wideband)
Ext Front
Ext Rear
Frame
Line
Pre-ADC BPF On | Off
Pre-FFT BW 1.55000 MHz Auto| Man
FFT Window Flat Top (High Amptd Acc)
Flat Top (High Amptd Acc)
Uniform
Hanning
Hamming
Gaussian (Alpha 3.5)
Blackman
Blackman-Harris
K-B 70 dB (Kaiser-Bessel)
K-B 90 dB (Kaiser-Bessel)
K-B 110 dB (Kaiser-Bessel)
Length Ctr lAuto| Man
Min Pnts/RBW 1.300000
Window Length 706
FFT Length 4096
(a)
28 Chapter2
Setting Up the NADC Mode
NADC Measurement Key Flow
Figure 2-5 Spectrum (Freq Domain) Measurement Key Flow (2 of 3)
(a)
ADC Range Auto Peak
Auto
Auto Peak
AutoPeakLock
Manual
-6 dB
0 dB
+6 dB
+12 dB
+18 dB
+24 dB
Spectrum (Freq Domain)Measure
View/Trace
Spectrum
Span X Scale
Span 1.00000 MHz
Amplitude Y Scale
Scale/Div 10.00 dB
Ref Value 0.00 dBm
Ref Position Top| Ctr | Bot
Scale Coupling On | Off
I/Q Waveform
Span X Scale
Scale/Div 18.8 us
Ref Value 0.00 s
Ref Position Left| Ctr | Right
Scale Coupling On | Off
Amplitude Y Scale
Scale/Div 60.0 mV
Ref Value 0.00 V
Ref Position Top |Ctr | Bot
Scale Coupling On |Off
Trace Display All
All
Average (or Max & Min)
Current
Chapter 2 29
Setting Up the NADC Mode
NADC Measurement Key Flow
Figure 2-6 Spectrum (Freq Domain) Measurement Key Flow (3 of 3)
Spectrum (Freq Domain)Measure
Marker
Select 1 | 2 | 3 | 4
Normal
Delta
Function Off
Band Power
Noise
Off
Trace Spectrum
Spectrum
Spectrum Avg
I/Q Waveform
Off
Shape Diamond
Diamond
Line
Square
Cross
Marker All Off
30 Chapter2
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