Agilent E4406A W-CDMA Measurement Guide

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W-CDMA Measurement Guide

Agilent Technologies E4406A VSA Series

Transmitter Tester

Manufacturing Part Number: E4406-90088

Printed in USA

April 2000

The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.

Agilent Technologiesmakesnowarrantyofanykindwithregard to this material, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and ﬁtness for a particular purpose. Agilent Technologies shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.

1. Understanding W-CDMA

What Is the W-CDMA Communication System? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

What Does the E4406A VSA Series Transmitter Tester Do? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Other Sources of Measurement Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Instrument Updates at www.agilent.com/ﬁnd/vsa/. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2. Setting Up the W-CDMA Mode

W-CDMA Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

How to Make a Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Changing the Mode Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Changing the Frequency Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

W-CDMA Measurement Key Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Installing Optional

Measurement Personalities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

Available Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

License Key Numbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

Installing a License Key Number. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Using the Uninstall Key. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

3. Making W-CDMA Measurements

W-CDMA Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Preparing for Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Initial Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Measurement Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

Measurement Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

Making the Channel Power Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Measurement Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Making the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Changing the Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Changing the Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

Troubleshooting Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

Making the Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR) Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Measurement Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Making the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Changing the Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Changing the View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Changing the Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58

Troubleshooting Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59

Making the Power Stat CCDF Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Measurement Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Making the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Changing the Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Changing the View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Changing the Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63

Using the Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Troubleshooting Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64

Contents

Making the Code Domain Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

Measurement Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

Making the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67

Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67

Changing the Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68

Changing the View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71

Changing the Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73

Using the Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77

Troubleshooting Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78

Making the QPSK EVM Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79

Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79

Measurement Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79

Making the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80

Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80

Changing the Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81

Changing the View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82

Changing the Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83

Using the Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86

Troubleshooting Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86

Making the Modulation Accuracy (Rho) Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87

Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87

Measurement Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87

Making the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88

Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88

Changing the Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89

Changing the View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90

Changing the Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91

Using the Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94

Troubleshooting Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94

Making the Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95

Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95

Measurement Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95

Making the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95

Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96

Changing the Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97

Changing the View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101

Using the Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101

Troubleshooting Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102

Making the Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103

Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103

Measurement Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103

Making the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104

Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104

Changing the Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105

Changing the View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107

Using the Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108

Troubleshooting Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108

1 Understanding W-CDMA

Understanding W-CDMA

What Is the W-CDMA Communication System?

Wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA) is one of the popular air interface technologies for the third generation RF cellular communications systems. In this system, the cells operate asynchronously, hence it makes the mobile synchronization more complex, but offers the advantage of ﬂexibility in placement of the base stations. Both reverse and forward transmitter power controls are implemented with 0.625 ms intervals. W-CDMA is a direct sequence spread-spectrum digital communications techniquethatsupportswider RF bandwidths, typically from 5 to 20 MHz. The main advantages of W-CDMA over other types of communication schemes are:

• greater capacity

• immunity to signal loss and degradation in the presence of high-level broadband interference

• immunity to signal loss and degradation due to multipath, scattering, and fading

• power consumption of mobile stations is strictly minimized by both base station and mobile controls

• supports variable data rates up to 144 kbits/second for mobile (vehicular) data rate,up to 384 kbits/second for portable (pedestrian) data rate, and up to 2 Mbits/second for ﬁxed installations

• provides increased security

W-CDMA uses correlative codes to distinguish one user from another. Frequency division is still used, as is done with Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) and Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), but in a much larger bandwidth such as 5 MHz or greater. An initial baseband data rate is spread to a transmitted bit rate of 4.096 Mcps, which is also called chip rate or spread data rate. W-CDMA realizes increased capacity from 1:1 frequency reuse and sectored cells. The capacity limit is soft. That is, capacity can be increased with some degradation of the error rate or voice quality.

In W-CDMA, a single user's channel consists of a speciﬁc frequency combined with a unique code. Correlative codes allow each user to operate in the presence of substantial interference. The interference is the sum of all other users on the same W-CDMA frequency, both from within and outside of the home cell, and from delayed versions of these signals. It also includes the usual thermal noise and atmospheric disturbances. Delayed signals caused by multipath are separately received and combined in W-CDMA. One of the major differences in access is that any W-CDMA frequency can be used in all sectors of all cells.This is possible because W-CDMA is designed to decode the proper signal in the presence of high interference.

6 Chapter1

Understanding W-CDMA

What Does the Agilent Technologies E4406A VSA Series Transmitter Tester

Do?

What Does the Agilent Technologies E4406A VSA Series Transmitter Tester Do?

This instrument can help determine if a W-CDMA transmitter is working correctly. When conﬁgured for W-CDMA, the instrument can be used for the testing of a W-CDMA transmitter, according to documents such as ARIB 1.0-1.2, Trial 1998 (the trial W-CDMA system originated in Japan), and 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project). These documents deﬁne complex, multi-part measurements used to maintain an interference-free environment. For example, the documents include measuring the power of a carrier.

The E4406A Transmitter Tester automatically makes these measurements using the measurement methods and limits deﬁned in the documents. The detailed results displayed by the measurements allow you to analyze W-CDMA system performance. You may alter the measurement parameters for specialized analysis.

For infrastructure test, the instrument will test base station transmitters in a non-interfering manner by means of a coupler or power splitter.

This instrument makes the following measurements:

• Channel Power

• Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR)

• Power Statistics CCDF

• Code Domain

• QPSK EVM

• Modulation Accuracy (Rho)

• Spectrum (Frequency Domain)

• Waveform (Time Domain)

Chapter 1 7

Understanding W-CDMA

Other Sources of Measurement Information

Additional measurement application information is available through your local Agilent Technologies sales and service ofﬁce. The following application notes treat digital communications measurements in much greater detail than discussed in this measurement guide.

• Application Note 1298 Digital Modulation in Communications Systems - An Introduction

part number 5965-7160E

• Application Note 1311 Understanding CDMA Measurements for Base Stations and Their

Components part number 5968-0953E

Instrument Updates at www.agilent.com/ﬁnd/vsa/

This web location can be used to access the latest information about the transmitter tester.

8 Chapter1

2 Setting Up the W-CDMA Mode

Setting Up the W-CDMA Mode

W-CDMA Mode

You may want to install a new personality, reinstall a personality that you have previously uninstalled, or uninstall a personality. Instructions for installing and uninstalling personality options are under “Installing

Optional Measurement Personalities” on page 35.

At initial power up, the transmitter tester will come up in the Basic mode, with the Spectrum (frequency domain) measurement selected and the

Measure menu displayed.

To access the W-CDMA measurement personality, press the and select the

W-CDMA key.

If you want to set the W-CDMA mode to a known, factory default state, press Preset. This will preset the mode setup and all of the measurements to the factory default parameters.

NOTE Pressing the Preset key does not switch instrument modes.

How to Make a Measurement

Follow the three-step procedure shown in the table below:

Step Primary Key Setup Key Related Key

1. Select & setup a mode.

2. Select & setup a measurement.

3. Select & setup a view.

Mode Mode Setup, Input,

Frequency Channel

Measure Meas Setup Meas Control,

View/Trace Span X Scale,

Amplitude Y Scale, Display, Next Window, Zoom

System

Restart File, Save,

Print, Print Setup, Marker, Search

Mode key

Step 1. Select & setup a mode as follows, for example:

• Press the

Mode key and select W-CDMA. Frequency Channel key and enter the channel frequency to

be measured.

• Press the

Mode Setup key and change the Radio, Input, and Trigger

conditions from those default settings.

Refer to “Changing the Mode Setup” on page 12 and “Changing the

Frequency Channel” on page 17 for further explanation.

10 Chapter2

Setting Up the W-CDMA Mode

Refer to “Mode Setup / Frequency Channel Key Flow” on page 19 for the key ﬂow diagrams.

Step 2. Select & setup a measurement as follows, for example:

• Press the Measure key to select either Channel Power, ACPR, Power

Stat CCDF, Code Domain, Spectrum (Freq Domain), Waveform (Time Domain), QPSK EVM, or Mod Accuracy (Perch Only) to make its

measurement.

W-CDMA Mode

• Press the

Meas Setup key to change any of the measurement

parameters from the default settings. These parameters such as Span, Resolution Bandwidth, Trigger Source, Average, Limit Test and Limits, are decided according to the measurement selected.

Refer to “Channel Power Measurement Key Flow” on page 20 and to

“Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement Key Flow (1 of 2)” on page 33

for the key ﬂow diagrams.

Step 3. Select & setup a view as follows, for example:

• Press the

View/Trace key to select the desired view for the current

measurement.

• Press the

Next Window key to select a window, then press the Zoom

key to expand the window to the full display area.

• Press the

Span X Scale, Amplitude Y Scale, Display, and/or Marker keys

for your desired display. These keys are not always availablefor each view.

Refer to “Channel Power Measurement Key Flow” on page 20 and to

“Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement Key Flow (1 of 2)” on page 33

for the key ﬂow diagrams.

Entering a Numeric Value

Three methods are available to enter a numeric value for an active softkey, however, its resolution can be different depending on the method selected and the range, if any. The highest resolutions are described throughout this guide.

•

Numeric keys - Allows you to enter a value with the highest

resolution by pressing the numeric keys. The entry is terminated by pressing the

Enter key or one of the unit softkeys shown.

• RPG knob - Allows you to continuously change the value shown on the softkey with the medium or highest resolution deﬁned to the parameter by rotating this knob.

• Step (Up/Down arrow) keys - Allows you to change the value shown on the softkey with the ﬁxed-step resolution deﬁned to the parameter activated. While the ⇑ (up arrow) key is pressed down, for example, the value increases in multiple steps deﬁned to the parameter.

Chapter 2 11

Setting Up the W-CDMA Mode

W-CDMA Mode

Changing the Mode Setup

Numerous settings can be changed at the mode level by pressing the

Mode Setup key. This will access the menu with the selections listed

below. The factory default settings are shown in tables. These settings affect only the measurements in the W-CDMA mode.

Conﬁguring the Radio Setting

The

Radio key accesses the menu as follows:

Device - Allows you to toggle the test device between BTS (Base

• Transmission Station) and

MS-BTS Offset - Allows you to specify the frequency space between

• MS and BTS. The range is −500.000 MHz to 500.000 MHz with 1 kHz resolution.

•

Standard - Allows you to access the menu to select one of the

standards as follows:

ARIB 1.0-1.2 - Allows you to make measurements compliant to the

ARIB 1.0-1.2 document submitted to 3GPP.

MS (Mobile Station).

3GPP - Allows you to make measurements compliant to the

evolving third generation partnership project document.

Trial 1998 - Allows you to make measurements compliant to the

W-CDMA trial system that originated in Japan.

Radio Default Settings

Device BTS MS-BTS Offset 190.000 MHz Standard Trial 1998

Conﬁguring the Input Setting

The

Input key accesses the menu as follows: (You can also access this

menu from the

RF Input Range - Allows you to toggle the RF input range control

• between

Input front-panel key.)

Auto and Man (manual). If Auto is chosen, the instrument

automatically sets the attenuator based on the carrier power level, where it is tuned. Once you change the

Max Total Pwr or Input Atten

value with the RPG knob, for example, the RF Input Range key is automatically set to

Man. If there are multiple carriers present, the

total power might overdrive the front end. In this case you need to set the power by activating the

RF Input Range to Man and enter the expected maximum total

Max Total Pwr key. Man is also useful to hold

the input attenuation constant for the best relative power accuracy. For single carriers it is generally recommended to set this to

Auto.

12 Chapter2

Setting Up the W-CDMA Mode

W-CDMA Mode

• Max TotalPwr - Allows you to set the maximum total power level from the UUT (Unit Under Test). The range is −200.00 to 100.00 dBm with 0.01 dB resolution. This is the expected maximum value of the mean carrier power referenced to the output of the UUT; it may include multiple carriers. The together with the the

Max Total Pwr value with the RPG knob, for example, the RF Input

Range key is automatically set to Man. Input Atten - Allows you to control the internal input attenuator

•

Input Atten and Ext Atten settings. Once you change

setting. The range is 0 to 40 dB with 1 dB resolution. The

Max Total Pwr setting is coupled

Input Atten

key reads out the actual hardware value that is used for the current measurement. If more than one input attenuator value is used in a single measurement, the value used at the carrier frequency will be displayed. The

Input Atten setting is coupled to the Max Total Pwr

setting. Once you change the Input Atten setting with the RPG knob, for example, the

Ext Atten - Allows you to access the following menu to enter the

• external attenuation values. Either of the coupled together with the

Ext Atten does not switch the RF Input Range key to Man. This will

RF Input Range key is automatically set to Man.

Ext Atten settings is

RF Input Range setting, however, pressing

allow the instrument to display the measurement results referenced to the output of the UUT.

MS - Allows you to set an external attenuation value for MS tests.

The range is −50.00 to +50.00 dB with 0.01 dB resolution.

BTS - Allows you to set an external attenuation value for BTS

tests. The range is −50.00 to +50.00 dB with 0.01 dB resolution.

Input Default Settings

RF Input Range Max Total Pwr Input Atten Ext Atten:

MS BTS

Auto

−15.00 dBm

0.00 dB

a. Auto is not used for Spectrum measurements. b. This may differ if the maximum input power is

more than −15.00 dBm, or depending on the previous measurements.

Chapter 2 13

Setting Up the W-CDMA Mode

W-CDMA Mode

NOTE The Max Total Pwr and the Input Atten settings are coupled together.

When you switch to a different measurement, the is kept constant, but the

Input Atten setting may change if the two

Max Total Pwr setting

measurements have different mixer margins.Thus,you can directly set the transmitter tester input attenuator, or you can set it indirectly by specifying the expected maximum power at the UUT (Max Total Pwr setting).

Conﬁguring the Trigger Condition

Trigger key allows you: (1) to access the trigger selection menu to

The specify each triggering condition, (2) to modify the default trigger holdoff time using the

Trig Holdoff key, (3) to modify the auto trigger

time and to activate or deactivate the auto trigger feature using the

Auto Trig key, and (4) to modify the period of the frame timer using the Frame Timer key.

NOTE The actual trigger source is selected separately for each measurement

under the Meas Setup key.

•

RF Burst, Video (IF Envlp), Ext Front and Ext Rear - Pressing one of

these trigger keys will access each triggering condition setup menu. This menu is used to specify the

Delay, Level and Slope settings for

each trigger source as follows:

Delay - Allows you to enter a numerical value to modify the

trigger delay time. The range is −100.0 to +500.0 ms with 1 µs resolution. For trigger delay use a positive value, and for pre-trigger use a negative value.

Level - Allows you to enter a numerical value to adjust the trigger

level depending on the trigger source selected.

For

RF Burst selection, the key label reads as Peak Level. The

RF level range is −25.00 to 0.00 dB with 0.01 dB resolution, relative to the peak RF signal level. The realistic range can be down to −20 dB.

For

Video (IF Envlp) selection, the video level range is −200.00

to +50.00 dBm with 0.01 dB resolution at the RF input. The realistic range can be down to around −50 dBm depending on the noise ﬂoor level of the input signal.

For

Ext Front or Ext Rear selection, the level range is −5.00 to

+5.00 V with 1 or 10 mV resolution.

Slope - Allows you to toggle the trigger slope between Pos at the

positive-going edge and

Neg at the negative-going edge of the

burst signal.

There are other keys under the Trigger key as follows:

14 Chapter2

Setting Up the W-CDMA Mode

W-CDMA Mode

• Trig Holdoff - Allows you to set the period of time before the next trigger can occur. The range is 0.000 µs to 500.0 ms with 1 µs resolution.

•

Auto Trig - Allows you to specify a time for a trigger timeout and

toggle the auto trigger function between

On and Off. The range is

1.000 ms to 1.000 ks with 1 µs resolution. If no trigger occurs by the speciﬁed time, a trigger is automatically generated.

•

Frame Timer - Allows you to access the menu to manually control the

frame timer:

Period - Allows you to set the period of the frame clock. The range

is 0.000 ns to 559.0000 ms with 1 ps resolution.

Offset - Allows you to set the offset of the frame clock. The range

is 0.000 to 10.00 s with 100 ns resolution over 1.000 µs range.

Reset Offset Display - Allows you to display without any offset of

the frame clock.

Sync Source - Allows you to access the menu to select one of the

sources to be synchronized with.

Off - Allows you to turn the synchronizing source off for

asynchronous tests.

RF Burst (Wideband) - Allows you to select the RF burst signal

as the synchronizing source.

Ext Front - Allows you to select the external input signal from

the front-panel input port as the synchronizing source.

Ext Rear - Allows you to select the external input signal from

the rear panel input port as the synchronizing source.

Chapter 2 15

Setting Up the W-CDMA Mode

W-CDMA Mode

Trigger Default Settings

RF Burst:

Delay Peak Level Slope

Video (IF Envlp):

Delay Level Slope

Ext Front:

Delay Level Slope

Ext Rear:

Delay Level Slope

0.000 µs

−6.00 dB Pos

0.000 µs

−6.00 dBm Pos

0.000 µs

2.00 V Pos

0.000 µs

2.00 V

Pos Trig Holdoff 0.000 ms Auto Trig 100.0 ms, On Frame Timer:

Period Offset Sync Source

10.00000 ms

0.000 ms

Off

16 Chapter2

Setting Up the W-CDMA Mode

W-CDMA Mode

Changing the Frequency Channel

After selecting the desired mode setup, you will need to select the desired center frequency and the center frequency step. The selections made here will apply to all measurements in the mode. Press the

Frequency Channel key to access the following menu:

Center Freq - Allows you to enter a frequency that corresponds to the

• desired RF channel to be measured. This is the current instrument center frequency. The range is 1.000 kHz to 4.32140 GHz with 1 Hz resolution.

•

CF Step - Allows you to enter a center frequency step to shift the

measurement segment, and to toggle the step function between and Man. If set to Auto, the CF Step value automatically changes according to the selection of the standard. The range is 1.000 kHz to

1.00000 GHz with 1 Hz resolution.

Frequency Channel Default Settings

Frequency Channel:

Center Freq CF Step

1.00000 GHz

5.00000 MHz, Auto

Auto

Chapter 2 17

Setting Up the W-CDMA Mode

W-CDMA Measurement Key Flow

The key ﬂow diagrams, shown in a hierarchical manner on the following pages, will help grasp the overall functional relationships for the front-panel keys and the softkeys displayed at the extreme right side of the screen. The diagrams are:

“Mode Setup / Frequency Channel Key Flow” on page 19, “Channel Power Measurement Key Flow” on page 20, “ACPR Measurement Key Flow” on page 21, “Power Stat CCDF Measurement Key Flow” on page 22 “Code Domain Measurement Key Flow (1 of 3)” on page 23 “QPSK EVM Measurement Key Flow (1 of 2)” on page 26 “Modulation Accuracy Measurement Key Flow (1 of 2)” on page 28

View/Trace

QPSK EVM

Avg Number 10 On|Off

“Spectrum (Freq Domain) Measurement Key Flow (1 of 3)” on page 30

“Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement Key Flow (1 of 2)” on page 33

Use these ﬂow diagrams as follows:

• There are some basic conventions: An oval represents one of the front-panel keys. This box represents one of the softkeys displayed. This represents an explanatory description on its speciﬁc key. This box shows how the softkey default condition is displayed.

Default parameters or values are underlined wherever possible.

• Start from the extreme upper left corner of each measurement diagram to the right direction, and go from the top to the bottom.

• When deﬁning a key from auto with underline to manual, for example, just press that key one time.

• When entering a numeric value of

Frequency, for example, use the

numeric keypad by terminating with the appropriate unit selection from the softkeys displayed.

• When entering a numeric value of numeric keypad by terminating with the

Avg Number, for example, use the

Enter front-panel key.

• Instead of using the numeric keypad to enter a value, it may be easier to use the RPG knob or Up/Down keys depending on the input ﬁeld of a parameter.

18 Chapter2

Setting Up the W-CDMA Mode

W-CDMA Measurement Key Flow

Figure 2-1 Mode Setup / Frequency Channel Key Flow

W-CDMAMode

Mode Setup

Radio

Device BTS|MS MS-BTS Offset 190.000 MHz Standard Trial 1998

ARIB 1.0-1.2 3GPP Trial 1998

Input

RF Input Range Auto|Man Max Total Pwr -15.00 dBm Input Atten 0.00 dB Ext Atten

MS 0.00 dB BTS 0.00 dB

Trigger

RF Burst

Delay 0.000 us Peak Level -6.00 dB Slope Pos|Neg

Video (IF Envlp)

Delay 0.000 us Level -6.00 dBm Slope Pos|Neg

Ext Front

Delay 0.000 us Level 2.00 V Slope Pos|Neg

Ext Rear

Delay 0.000 us Level 2.00 V Slope Pos|Neg

Trig Holdoff 0.000 ms Auto Trig 100.0 ms On|Off

Frame Timer

Period 10.00000 ms Offset 0.000 ms Reset Offset Display Sync Source

Off RF Burst (Wideband) Ext Front

Ext Rear

Frequency Channel

Center Freq 1.00000 GHz CF Step 5.00000 MHz Auto|Man

<wcd_mode.vsd>

Chapter 2 19

Setting Up the W-CDMA Mode

W-CDMA Measurement Key Flow

Figure 2-2 Channel Power Measurement Key Flow

Measure

Channel Power

Meas Setup

Channel PowerMeasure Amplitude Y Scale

Avg Number 10 On|Off

Avg ModeExp| Repeat Integ BW 5.00000 MHz Chan Power Span 6.00000 MHz

Restore Meas Defaults Advanced

Sweep Time 17.07 us Auto |Man Data Points 512 Auto|Man Res BW 111.429 kHz

Trig Source Free Run (Immediate)

Free Run (Immediate)

Ext Front

Ext Rear

Scale/Div 10.00 dB Ref Value 10.00 dBm Ref Position Top |Ctr|Bot Scale CouplingOn|Off

<wcd_chpj.vsd>

20 Chapter2

Figure 2-3 ACPR Measurement Key Flow

Setting Up the W-CDMA Mode

W-CDMA Measurement Key Flow

Measure

ACPR Meas Setup

ACPRMeasure

View/Trace

Avg Number 10 On|Off

Avg ModeExp| Repeat Chan Integ BW 4.09600 MHz Ofs & Limits

Offset A

A B C

Offset Freq 5.00000 MHz On|Off

Ref BW 4.09600 MHz

Abs Limit 50.00 dBm

Fail Relative

AND

OR Absolute Relative

Rel Lim (Car) 0.00 dBc Rel Lim (PSD) 0.00 dB <default for A to E: 0.0 dB>

Meas Type Total Pwr Ref

Total Pwr Ref

PSD Ref Sweep Type FFT|Swp Swp RBW 41.667 kHz Auto|Man Swp Det Avg|Peak Restore Meas Defaults Advanced

Swp Acq Time 625.0 us

Bar Graph Total Pwr Ref Spectrum Total Pwr Ref

Amplitude Y Scale

Scale/Div 10.00 dB

Ref Value 10.00 dBm Ref Position Top |Ctr|Bot Scale CouplingOn|Off

Display

Ref BW Markers On|Off

<default: A = 5.0 MHz, On

B = 10.0 MHz, On C = 15.0 MHz, Off D = 20.0 MHz, Off E = 25.0 MHz, Off>

<wcd_acpj.vsd>

Chapter 2 21

Setting Up the W-CDMA Mode

W-CDMA Measurement Key Flow

Figure 2-4 Power Stat CCDF Measurement Key Flow

Measure

Power Stat CCDF

Meas Setup

Power Stat CCDFMeasure Span X Scale Scale/Div 2.00 dB

Power Stat CCDFMeasure

Display

Power Stat CCDFMeasure

Marker

Meas BW 5.00000 MHz Counts 10.0000 Mpoints Meas Interval 1.000 ms

Trig Source Free Run (Immediate)

Free Run (Immediate)

Video (IF Envlp)

RF Burst (Wideband) Ext Front Ext Rear Frame

Restore Meas Defaults

Store Ref Trace Ref Trace On|Off Gaussian Line On|Off

Select 1|2|3|4 Normal

Delta Function Off

Band Power Noise Off

Trace Measured

Measured

Gaussian

Reference

Off Shape Diamond

Diamond

Line

Square

Cross

Marker All Off

<wcd_cdfj.vsd>

22 Chapter2

Setting Up the W-CDMA Mode

W-CDMA Measurement Key Flow

Figure 2-5 Code Domain Measurement Key Flow (1 of 3)

Measure

Code Domain

Meas Setup

Code DomainMeasure View/Trace

<for ARIB & Trial 1998 BTS tests> Symbol Rate 16 ksps Code Number 0

Meas Interval 1 slots Meas Offset 0 slots Scramble Code 1

Done

Trig Source Free Run (Immediate)

Free Run (Immediate)

Video (IF Envlp)

RF Burst (Wideband) Ext Front Ext Rear

Frame

Spectrum Normal|Invert

Restore Meas Defaults

Advanced

Power Offset

Alpha 0.220

Chip Rate 4.09600 MHz

Power Graph & Metrics

Span X Scale

Ref Value 0.000 Ref Position Left|Ctr|Right

Amplitude Y Scale

Ref Set Auto|Man PO1 (Pilot) 0.00 dB PO2 (TPC) 0.00 dB PO3 (TFCI) 0.00 dB

Scale/Div 511.0

Expand On|Off

Scale/Div 5.00 dB Ref Value 0.00 dB Ref Position Top |Ctr|Bot Scale CouplingOn|Off

(a)

<wcd_cdp1.vsd>

Chapter 2 23

Setting Up the W-CDMA Mode

W-CDMA Measurement Key Flow

Figure 2-6 Code Domain Measurement Key Flow (2 of 3)

(a)

I/Q Error (Quad View)

Span X Scale

Scale/Div 1.900 symb Ref Value 0.000 symb Ref Position Left|Ctr|Right Scale CouplingOn|Off

Amplitude Y Scale

Scale/Div 5.00 pcnt Ref Value 0.00 pcnt Ref Position Top|Ctr|Bot Scale CouplingOn|Off

Amplitude Y Scale

Scale/Div 5.00 deg Ref Value 0.00 deg Ref Position Top|Ctr |Bot Scale CouplingOn|Off

Amplitude Y Scale

Scale/Div 5.00 pcnt Ref Value 0.00 pcnt Ref Position Top|Ctr |Bot Scale CouplingOn|Off

Code Domain (Quad View)

Span X Scale

Scale/Div 511.0 Ref Value 0.000 Ref Position Left|Ctr|Right Expand On|Off

Amplitude Y Scale

Scale/Div 5.00 dB Ref Value 0.00 dB Ref Position Top |Ctr|Bot Scale CouplingOn|Off

Span X Scale

Scale/Div 11.90 symb Ref Value 0.000 symb Ref Position Left|Ctr|Right Scale CouplingOn|Off

Amplitude Y Scale

Scale/Div 10.00 dB Ref Value 0.00 dB Ref Position Top|Ctr |Bot Scale CouplingOn|Off

<wcd_cdp2.vsd>

24 Chapter2

Setting Up the W-CDMA Mode

W-CDMA Measurement Key Flow

Figure 2-7 Code Domain Measurement Key Flow (3 of 3)

Code DomainMeasure

Marker

<wcd_cdp3.vsd>

Select 1|2|3|4 Normal Delta

Function Off

Band Power Noise Off

Trace Code Domain Power

Code Domain Power

Symbol Power EVM Phase Error Mag Error

Off Shape Diamond

Diamond Line

Square

Cross

Marker All Off

Mkr->Despread <for Symbol Power & EVM>

Chapter 2 25

Setting Up the W-CDMA Mode

W-CDMA Measurement Key Flow

Figure 2-8 QPSK EVM Measurement Key Flow (1 of 2)

Measure

QPSK EVM Meas Setup

QPSK EVMMeasure

View/Trace

Avg Number 10 On|Off

Avg Mode Exp|Repeat Meas Interval 256 chips Trig Source Free Run (Immediate)

Free Run (Immediate) Video (IF Envlp) RF Burst (Wideband) Ext Front Ext Rear

Frame

Restore Meas Defaults

Advanced

Alpha 0.220 Chip Rate 4.09600 MHz

I/Q Measured Polar Vector I/Q Measured Polar Constln I/Q Error (Quad View)

Span X Scale

Scale/Div 25.50 chip Ref Value 0.000 chip Ref Position Left|Ctr|Right

Scale CouplingOn|Off

Amplitude Y Scale

Scale/Div 5.00 pcnt Ref Value 0.00 pcnt Ref Position Top|Ctr|Bot

Scale CouplingOn|Off

Amplitude Y Scale

Scale/Div 5.00 deg Ref Value 0.00 deg Ref Position Top|Ctr |Bot

Scale CouplingOn|Off

Amplitude Y Scale

Scale/Div 5.00 pcnt Ref Value 0.00 pcnt Ref Position Top|Ctr |Bot

Scale CouplingOn|Off

<wcd_evmj.vsd>

26 Chapter2

Setting Up the W-CDMA Mode

W-CDMA Measurement Key Flow

Figure 2-9 QPSK EVM Measurement Key Flow (2 of 2)

QPSK EVMMeasure

I/Q Points 1280 pointsDisplay

Chip Dots On|Off +45 Degree Rotation On|Off

QPSK EVMMeasure

Marker

Select 1|2|3|4 Normal Delta

Function Off

Band Power Noise Off

Trace EVM

EVM

Phase Error

Mag Error Off Shape Diamond

Diamond Line Square Cross

Marker All Off

<wcd_evm2.vsd>

Chapter 2 27

Setting Up the W-CDMA Mode

W-CDMA Measurement Key Flow

Figure 2-10 Modulation Accuracy Measurement Key Flow (1 of 2)

Measure

Mod Accuracy (Perch Only)

Meas Setup

Mod Accuracy (Perch Only)Measure

View/Trace

Avg Number 10 On|Off Avg Mode Exp| Repeat Trig Source Free Run (Immediate)

Free Run (Immediate) Video (IF Envlp) RF Burst (Wideband) Ext Front Ext Rear

Frame

Scramble Code 1

Done Spectrum Normal|Invert Restore Meas Defaults Advanced

Alpha 0.220

Chip Rate 4.09600 MHz

I/Q Measured Polar Vector

I/Q Measured Polar Constln

I/Q Error (Quad View)

Span X Scale

Amplitude Y Scale

Scale/Div 230.3 chip

Ref Value 0.000 chip

Ref Position Left|Ctr|Right

Scale CouplingOn|Off

Scale/Div 5.00 pcnt

Ref Value 0.00 pcnt

Ref Position Top|Ctr|Bot

Scale CouplingOn|Off

Scale/Div 5.00 deg

Ref Value 0.00 deg Ref Position Top|Ctr |Bot

Scale CouplingOn|Off

Scale/Div 5.00 pcnt

Ref Value 0.00 pcnt

Ref Position Top|Ctr |Bot

Scale CouplingOn|Off

<wcd_mdac.vsd>

28 Chapter2

Setting Up the W-CDMA Mode

W-CDMA Measurement Key Flow

Figure 2-11 Modulation Accuracy Measurement Key Flow (2 of 2)

Mod Accuracy (Perch Only)Measure

I/Q Points 512 pointsDisplay

Chip Dots On|Off +45 Degree Rotation On|Off

Mod Accuracy (Perch Only)Measure

Marker

Select 1|2|3|4

Normal

Delta

Function Off

Band Power Noise Off

Trace EVM

EVM Phase Error

Mag Error Off Shape Diamond

Diamond

Line

Square

Cross

Marker All Off

<wcd_mda2.vsd>

Chapter 2 29

Setting Up the W-CDMA Mode

W-CDMA Measurement Key Flow

Figure 2-12 Spectrum (Freq Domain) Measurement Key Flow (1 of 3)

Measure

Spectrum (Freq Domain)

Meas Setup

Span 1.00000 MHz Res BW 20.0000 kHz Auto|Man Average

Trig Source Free Run (Immediate)

Restore Meas Defaults Advanced

Avg Number 25 On|Off

Avg Mode Exp |Repeat

Avg Type Log-Pwr Avg (Video)

Pwr Avg (RMS)

Log-Pwr Avg (Video) Voltage Avg Maximum Minimum

Free Run (Immediate) Video (IF Envlp)

RF Burst (Wideband)

Ext Front

Ext Rear Frame Line

Pre-ADC BPF On|Off Pre-FFT Fltr Gaussian|Flat Pre-FFT BW 1.55000 MHz Auto|Man

FFT Window Flat Top (High Amptd Acc)

Flat Top (High Amptd Acc)

Uniform Hanning Hamming Gaussian (Alpha 3.5) Blackman Blackman-Harris

K-B 70 dB (Kaiser-Bessel)

K-B 90 dB (Kaiser-Bessel)

K-B 110 dB (Kaiser-Bessel)

FFT Size

Length CtrlAuto|Man Min Pnts/RBW 1.300000 Window Length 706

FFT Length 4096

(a)

<wcd_spct.vsd>

30 Chapter2

Setting Up the W-CDMA Mode

W-CDMA Measurement Key Flow

Figure 2-13 Spectrum (Freq Domain) Measurement Key Flow (2 of 3)

(a)

ADC Range Auto Peak

Auto Auto Peak AutoPeakLock Manual

-6 dB 0 dB

+6 dB +12 dB +18 dB +24 dB

Data Packing Auto

Auto Short (16 bit) Medium (24 bit) Long (32 bit)

ADC Dither Auto|On|Off Decimation 0 Auto|Man IF Flatness On |Off

Spectrum (Freq Domain)Measure View/Trace

Spectrum

Span X Scale

Span 1.00000 MHz

Amplitude Y Scale

Scale/Div 10.00 dB Ref Value 0.00 dBm Ref Position Top |Ctr|Bot Scale CouplingOn|Off

I/Q Waveform

Span X Scale

Scale/Div 18.8 us Ref Value 0.00 s Ref Position Left|Ctr|Right Scale CouplingOn|Off

Amplitude Y Scale

Scale/Div 60.0 mV

Ref Value 0.00 V Ref Position Top|Ctr|Bot Scale Coupling On| Off

Trace Display All

All Average (or Max & Min) Current

<wcd_spc2.vsd>

Chapter 2 31

Setting Up the W-CDMA Mode

W-CDMA Measurement Key Flow

Figure 2-14 Spectrum (Freq Domain) Measurement Key Flow (3 of 3)

Spectrum (Freq Domain)Measure

Marker

Select 1|2|3|4 Normal Delta Function Off

Band Power Noise Off

Trace Spectrum

Spectrum

Spectrum Avg

I/Q Waveform Off Shape Diamond

Diamond

Line Square Cross

Marker All Off

<wcd_spc3.vsd>

32 Chapter2

Setting Up the W-CDMA Mode

W-CDMA Measurement Key Flow

Figure 2-15 Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement Key Flow (1 of 2)

Measure

Waveform (Time Domain)

Meas Setup

<wcd_wvf.vsd>

Sweep Time 2.00 ms Res BW 100.000 kHz Average

Avg Number 10 On| Off Avg Mode Exp |Repeat Avg Type Pwr Avg (RMS)

Trig Source Free Run (Immediate)

Free Run (Immediate) Video (IF Envlp) RF Burst (Wideband)

Ext Front

Ext Rear Frame Line

Restore Meas Defaults

Advanced

Pre-ADC BPF On| Off RBW Fltr Gaussian|Flat

ADC Range Auto

Data Packing Auto

Pwr Avg (RMS)

Log-Pwr Avg (Video) Voltage Avg Maximum

Minimum

Auto Auto Peak AutoPeakLock Manual

-6 dB

0 dB +6 dB +12 dB +18 dB +24 dB

Auto Short (16 bit) Medium (24 bit) Long (32 bit)

ADC Dither On|Off Decimation On|Off

Chapter 2 33

Setting Up the W-CDMA Mode

W-CDMA Measurement Key Flow

Figure 2-16 Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement Key Flow (2 of 2)

Waveform (Time Domain)Measure View/Trace

Waveform (Time Domain)Measure

Marker

<wcd_wvf2.vsd>

RF Envelope

Span X Scale

Scale/Div 200.0 us

Ref Value 0.00 s Ref Position Left|Ctr|Right Scale CouplingOn|Off

Amplitude Y Scale

Scale/Div 10.00 dB

Ref Value 0.00 dBm Ref Position Top |Ctr|Bot Scale CouplingOn|Off

I/Q Waveform

Span X Scale

Scale/Div 200.0 us

Ref Value 0.00 s Ref Position Left|Ctr|Right Scale CouplingOn|Off

Amplitude Y Scale

Scale/Div 100.0 mV Ref Value 0.00 V

Ref Position Top|Ctr|Bot Scale CouplingOn|Off

Select 1|2|3|4

Normal

Delta

Function Off

Band Power Noise Off

Trace Envelope

RF Envelope

I/Q Waveform Off Shape Diamond

Diamond

Line

Square

Cross Marker All Off

34 Chapter2

Setting Up the W-CDMA Mode

Installing Optional Measurement Personalities

Installing a measurement personality is a two step process.

1. The measurement personality ﬁrmware must be installed into the instrument.

2. A license key number must be entered which enables the measurement personality to run. (Refer to the “License Key Numbers” section.)

Adding additional measurement personalities requires purchasing a retroﬁt kit for the desired option. The retroﬁt kit includes the measurement personality ﬁrmware, usually supplied on a zip disk. The license key certiﬁcate, included in the kit, contains the license key number. Every retroﬁt kit will have installation instructions.

The installation instructions require you to know three pieces of information about your instrument; the amount of memory installed, the Host ID, and the instrument serial number.

To ﬁnd: Key Path: Instrument

Memory: __________________ Host ID:

__________________ Instrument

Serial Number: __________________

Exit Main Firmware key. This key is only for use when you want to update

ﬁrmware using a LAN connection. The

System, File System

(the amount of memory in your instrument will be the sum of the memory and the Free memory)

System, Show System, Host ID

System, Show System, Serial Number

Exit Main Firmware key halts the

Used

operation of the resident ﬁrmware code so you can install an updated version of ﬁrmware using a LAN connection. Instructions for loading future ﬁrmware updates are available at the following URL:

www.agilent.com/ﬁnd/vsa/

Chapter 2 35

Setting Up the W-CDMA Mode

Installing Optional Measurement Personalities

Available Options

The option designation consists of three characters, as shown in the

Option column of the table below.

Available Personality Options

GSM measurement personality BAH cdmaOne measurement personality BAC NADC, PDC measurement personalities BAE iDEN measurement personality HN1 W-CDMA measurement personality BAF cdma2000 measurement personality B78

Option

a. As of the print date of this measurement guide.

License Key Numbers

The measurement personality you have purchased with your instrument has been installed and enabled at the factory. With the purchase of the measurement personality, and with any future purchase of a new personality, you will receive a unique license key number. The license key number is a hexadecimal number that is for your speciﬁc measurement personality and instrument serial number. The license key enables you to install, or reactivate any personality you have purchased.

Follow these steps to locate the unique license key number for the measurement personality that has come installed in your instrument:

1. Press you press the

System, More (1 of 3), More (2 of 3), Install, Choose Option. When

Choose Option key the alpha editor will be activated.

Use the alpha editor to enter the letters (upper-case) and the front-panel numeric keyboard to enter the numbers (if required) for the personality option that has been installed in the instrument.

2. Press the number for your instrument will now appear on the

Done key on the alpha editor menu. The unique license key

License Key

softkey.

36 Chapter2

Setting Up the W-CDMA Mode

Installing Optional Measurement Personalities

You will want to keep a copy of your license key number in a secure location. Please enter your license key numbers in the box provided below for future reference. If you should lose your license key number, call your nearest Agilent Technologies service or sales ofﬁce for assistance.

License Key Numbers for Instrument with Serial # ________

For Option______________ the license key number is _____________________ For Option______________ the license key number is _____________________ For Option______________ the license key number is _____________________ For Option______________ the license key number is _____________________ For Option______________ the license key number is _____________________ For Option______________ the license key number is _____________________

If you purchase an option later, you will receive a certiﬁcate which displays the unique license key number that you will need to install that option.

NOTE You will need to use a license key number only if you purchase an

additional measurement personality, or if you want to reactivate a measurement personality that has been deactivated.

Installing a License Key Number

NOTE Follow this procedure to reinstall a license key number which has been

deleted during the uninstall process, or lost due to a memory failure. Toinstall a license key number for the selected option, use the following

procedure:

1. Press Pressing the Use the alpha editor to enter the letters (upper-case) and the front-panel numeric keyboard to enter the numbers (if required) for the option designation, then press the option, you will see your entry in the active function area of the display.

2. Press entry of both letters and numbers. Use the alpha editor to enter letters. Use the front-panel numeric keyboard to enter numbers. You will see your entry in the active function area of the display. When you have completed entering the license key number, press the key.

System, More(1 of 3), More(2 of 3), Install, Choose Option.

Choose Option key will activate the alpha editor menu.

Done key. As you enter the

License Key. Entering the license key number will require

Done

Chapter 2 37

Setting Up the W-CDMA Mode

Installing Optional Measurement Personalities

3. Press the Install Now key after you have entered the active license key number and the personality option. When pressed, a message may appearinthefunction area of the display which reads,“Insert disk and power cycle the instrument”. Press the

No key only

if you wish to cancel the installation process. If you want to proceed with the installation, press the

Yes key and cycle the instrument

power off and then on.

NOTE Not all personality installations require an installation disk. If the

personality upgrade kit does not include a disk, disregard the Insert disk portion of the message that may appear in the active function area

when the Install Now key is pressed.

Using the Uninstall Key

The following procedure removes the license key number for the selected option. This will make the option unavailable for use, and the message “Application Not Licensed” will appear in the Status/Info bar at the bottom of the display. Please write down the 12-digit license key number for the option before proceeding. If that measurement personality is to be used at a later date you will need the license key number to reactivate the personality ﬁrmware.

NOTE Using the Uninstall key does not remove the personality from the

instrument memory, and does not free memory to be available to install another option. If you need to free memory to install another option, refer to the instructions for loading ﬁrmware updates located at the URL: www.agilent.com/ﬁnd/vsa/

1. Press Pressing the

System, More(1 of 3), More(2 of 3), Uninstall, Choose Option.

Choose Option key will activate the alpha editor menu.

Use the alpha editor to enter the letters (upper-case) and the front-panel numeric keyboard to enter the numbers (if required) for the option, then press the

Done key. As you enter the option, you will

see your entry in the active function area of the display.

2. Press the Uninstall Now key after you have entered the personality option. Press the process. Press the

No key only if you wish to cancel the uninstall

Yes key if you want to continue the uninstall

process.

3. Cycletheinstrumentpower off and then on to complete the uninstall process.

38 Chapter2

3 Making W-CDMA Measurements

Making W-CDMA Measurements

W-CDMA Measurements

Once in the W-CDMA mode, the following measurements are available by pressing the

• Channel Power on page 46

• ACPR (Adjacent Channel Power Ratio) on page 52

• Power Statistics CCDF (Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function) on page 60

• Code Domain Analysis on page 65

• QPSK EVM on page 79

• Modulation Accuracy (Rho) on page 87

• Spectrum (Frequency Domain) on page 95

• Waveform (Time Domain) on page 103

Measure key:

These are referred to as one-button measurements. When you press the key to select one measurement it will become the active measurement, using settings and a display unique to that measurement. Data acquisitions will automatically begin when trigger requirements, if any, are met.

40 Chapter3

Making W-CDMA Measurements

Preparing for Measurements

If you want to set the W-CDMA mode to a known, factory default state, press

Preset. This will preset the mode setup and all of the

measurements to the factory default parameters. You should often be able to make a measurement using these defaults.

NOTE Pressing the Preset key does not switch instrument modes.

To preset only the parameter settings that are speciﬁc to the selected measurement, press This will reset the measurement setup parameters, for the currently selected measurement only, to the factory defaults.

Initial Setup

Before making a measurement, make sure the mode setup and frequency channel parameters are set to the desired settings. Refer to the sections “Changing the Mode Setup” on page 12 and “Changing the

Frequency Channel” on page 17.

Meas Setup, More (1 of 2), Restore Meas Defaults.

Measurement Selection

The Measure front-panel key accesses the menu to select one of the following measurements:

•

Channel Power - Press this key to make channel power

measurements. This is the in-channel power measurement. The channel power graph is displayed in the graph window and both the absolute channel power and mean power spectral density are shown in the text window.

•

ACPR - Press this key to make adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR)

measurements. This is the out-of-channel measurement. The following displays are available:

Bar graph display to show a histogram of powers within the integration bandwidth

Spectrum display to show a power distribution curve, like a swept-frequency spectrum analyzer, relative to the center frequency power of the carrier signal

•

Power Stat CCDF - Press this key to make power statistics,

Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) measurements. This is helpful to observe the time domain characteristics of a spread spectrum signal that can signiﬁcantly affect the ACPR measurement results for a given UUT.

Chapter 3 41

Making W-CDMA Measurements

Preparing for Measurements

• Code Domain - Press this key to make code domain power (CDP) measurements when

1.0-1.2, and also when Device is set to BTS. The amount of power in

Standard is set to either Trial 1998 or ARIB

each code channel is displayed. The following displays are available:

Power graph and metrics to show the code domain power and the summary data

Quad view for the I/Q errors in graphs for the spread rate selected, and the summary data

Quad view for the code domain power, the selected symbol power vs. symbol rate, and the selected symbol EVM polar vector graphs, and the summary data

•

QPSK EVM - Press this key to make QPSK error vector magnitude

(EVM) measurements. The following displays are available:

Polar vector graph of the I/Q demodulated signal and the summary data

Polar constellation graph of the I/Q demodulated signal and the summary data

Quad view for the I/Q errors in graphs and the summary data

Mod Accuracy (Perch Only) - Press this key to make modulation

• accuracy (rho) measurements when

Standard issetto either Trial 1998

or ARIB 1.0-1.2, and also when Device is set to BTS. The input signal should contain only the Perch channel. This is essentially a code domain power measurement with one active channel. The following displays are available:

Polar vector graph of the I/Q demodulated signal and the summary data

Polar constellation graph of the I/Q demodulated signal and the summary data

Quad view for the I/Q errors in graphs and the summary data

•

Spectrum (Freq Domain) - Press this key to make frequency domain

spectrum measurements. Spectrum and I/Q waveform displays are available.

•

Waveform (Time Domain) - Press this key to make time domain

waveform measurements. RF envelope and I/Q waveform displays are available.

42 Chapter3

Making W-CDMA Measurements

Preparing for Measurements

Measurement Control

The Meas Control front-panel key accesses the menu to control processes that affect the running of the current measurement.

•

Restart - Press this key to repeat the current measurement from the

beginning, while retaining the current measurement settings. This is equivalent to the

Measure - Press this key (not to be confused with the Measure

• front-panel key which has a different function) to toggle the measurement state between to

Single, the measurement will continue until it has reached the

speciﬁed number of averages set by the average counter. When set to

Cont, the measurement will run continuously and execute averaging

according to the current average mode, either repeat or exponential. The default setting is which is defaulted to

Pause - Press this key to pause the current measurement until you

• reactivate the measurement. Once toggled, the label of the changes to read the active measurement from the point at which it was paused.

Restart front-panel key.

Single and Cont (continuous). When set

Cont excepting the code domain measurement

Single.

Pause key

Resume. The Resume key, once pressed, continues

Measurement Setup

The Meas Setup key accesses the features that enable you to adjust parameters of the current measurement, such as span and resolution bandwidth, according to the measurement function. You will also use the

Meas Setup menu to access the Average, Limit Test, Advanced and

other feature menus. The following measure setup features can be used with many or all

measurements:

•

Restore Meas Defaults - Allows you to preset only the settings that are

speciﬁc to the selected measurement by pressing

of 2), Restore Meas Defaults. This will set the measure setup

parameters, for the currently selected measurement only, to the factory defaults.

Averaging

Selecting one of the averaging keys in the

Meas Setup menu will allow

you to modify the average number and averaging mode you use for the currently selected measurement. For spectrum (frequency domain) and waveform (time domain) measurements the

Average key activates the

following menu:

Meas Setup, More (1

•

Avg Number - Allows you to change the number of N averages to be

made.

Chapter 3 43

Making W-CDMA Measurements

Preparing for Measurements

• Avg Mode - Allows you to toggle the averaging mode between Exp (exponential) and Repeat. This selection only effects on the averaging result after the number of N averages is reached. The N is set using the

Avg Number key.

Normal averaging: Normal (linear) averaging is always used until the speciﬁed number of N averages is reached. When the

Measure key under Meas Control is set to Single, data acquisition is

stopped when the number of N averages is reached, thus

Mode has no effect in the single measurement mode.

Avg

Exponential averaging: When

Measure is set to Cont, data

acquisition will continue indeﬁnitely. Exponential averaging is used with a weighting factor of N (the displayed count of averages stops at N). Exponential averaging weights new data more heavily than old data, which allows tracking of slow-changing signals. The weighting factor N is set using the

Repeat averaging: When

Measure is set to Cont, data

Avg Number key.

acquisition will continue indeﬁnitely. After the number of N averages is reached, all previous result data is cleared and the average count displayed is set back to 1. This is equivalent to being in

Measure Single and pressing the Restart key each time the

single measurement ﬁnishes.

• Avg Type - Allows you to access the menu of the following average types only for making spectrum (frequency domain) and waveform (time domain) measurements:

Pwr Avg (RMS) - Executes the true power averaging which is

equivalent to taking the rms of the voltage. This is the most accurate type.

Log-Pwr Avg(Video) - Simulates the traditional spectrum analyzer

type of averaging by calculating the log of the power.

Voltage Avg - Executes the voltage averaging. Maximum - Executes the maximum voltage averaging by

capturing peak data.

Minimum - Executes the minimum voltage averaging.

44 Chapter3

Selecting a Trigger Source

Making W-CDMA Measurements

Preparing for Measurements

Changing the selection in the

Trig Source menu alters the trigger source

for the selected measurement only. Not all of the selections are always available for all measurements. Also, some W-CDMA measurements do not require a trigger. Choose one of the following trigger sources:

NOTE The RF Burst, Video (IF Envlp), Ext Front and Ext Rear keys found under

the

Trigger menu enable you to change the default settings of the delay,

level and slope for each of these trigger sources.

•

Free Run (Immediate) - A trigger occurs at the time the data is

requested, completely asynchronous with the RF or IF signal.

• Video (IF Envlp) - An internal IF envelope trigger that occurs at the absolute threshold level of the IF signal level.

• RF Burst (Wideband) - An internal wideband RF burst trigger that has the automatic level control for burst signals. It triggers at the level that is set relative to the peak RF signal (12 MHz bandwidth) input level.

•

Ext Front - Activates the front-panel external trigger input (EXT TRIGGER INPUT) port. The external signal must be between −5.00

and +5.00 V with 1 or 10 mV resolution.

• Ext Rear - Activates the rear-panel external trigger input (TRIGGER

IN) port. The external signal must be between −5.00 and +5.00 V

with 1 or 10 mV resolution.

• Frame - Uses the internal frame clock to generate a trigger signal. The clock parameters are controlled under the

Mode Setup key or the

measurement ﬁrmware, but not both. See the speciﬁc measurement for details.

•

Line - Sets the trigger to the internal line mode. Sweep triggers occur

at intervals synchronous to the line frequency. This trigger source is available for spectrum (frequency domain) and waveform (time domain) measurements.

Using the Trigger Outputs

The rear panel

TRIGGER 1 OUT and TRIGGER 2 OUT connectors are

coupled to the selected trigger source. These trigger outputs are always on at the rising edge with a pulse width of at least 1 µs.

Chapter 3 45

Making W-CDMA Measurements

Making the Channel Power Measurement

Purpose

Channel power measurement is a common test used in the wireless industry to measure the total transmitted power of a radio within a deﬁned frequency channel. This procedure measures the total power within the deﬁned channel for W-CDMA. This measurement can be used to design, characterize, evaluate, and verify transmitters and components or devices for base stations and mobile stations.

Measurement Method

The channel power measurement reports the total power within the channel bandwidth, 4.096 MHz for the ARIB 1.0-1.2 and Trial 1998 modes or 3.840 MHz for the 3GPP mode. The transmitter tester acquires a number of points representing the input signal in the time domain. It transforms this information into the frequency domain using FFT and then calculates the channel power. The effective resolution bandwidth of the frequency domain trace is proportional to the number of points acquired for FFT. The fastest FFT process is achieved using a number of acquired points that is a power of 2 (for example: 64, 128,

512). Since the measurement is optimized for speed and accuracy, you are

permitted to change only the number of acquired data points in powers of 2, not the actual resolution bandwidth. However, if absolute sweep time is required, sweep time can be changed to the user’s speciﬁed time at the expense of reduced speed. At no time will both sweep time and data points be set to manual because of conﬂicting parameter settings. This ﬂexibility is available through the power measurement.

To improve repeatability, you can increase either the number of averages or the number of data points with longer time record length. The channel power graph is shown in the graph window and the absolute channel power in dBm and the mean power spectral density in dBm/Hz are shown in the text window.

Advanced menu of the channel

46 Chapter3

Making W-CDMA Measurements

Making the Channel Power Measurement

Making the Measurement

NOTE The factory default settings provide a good starting point. For special

requirements, you may need to change some of the settings. Press

Setup, More (1 of 2), Restore Meas Defaults at any time to return all

parameters for the current measurement to their default settings. Select the desired center frequency as described in “Changing the

Frequency Channel” on page 17.

Meas

Press

Measure, Channel Power to immediately make a channel power

measurement. Tochange any of the measurement parameters from the factory default

values, refer to “Changing the Measurement Setup” on page 48 for this measurement.

Results

The next ﬁgure shows an example result of Channel Power measurements. The channel power graph is shown in the graph window. The absolute channel power and its mean power spectral density are shown in the text window.

Figure 3-1 Channel Power Measurement

Chapter 3 47

Making W-CDMA Measurements

Making the Channel Power Measurement

Changing the Measurement Setup

The next table shows the factory default settings for channel power measurements.

Table 3-1 Channel Power Measurement Defaults

Measurement Parameter Factory Default Condition

Meas Setup:

Avg Number 10, On Avg Mode Repeat

Integ BW Chan Power Span

Advanced

Sweep Time Data Points Trig Source Free Run (Immediate)

5.00000 MHz

6.00000 MHz

17.07 µs, Auto 512, Auto

a. The Integ BW setting proportionally changes the

Chan Pwr Span setting up to 10 MHz.

b. These are mutually interlinked to be set to either

Man/Auto or Auto/Man.

NOTE Parameters under the Advanced key seldom need to be changed. Any

changes from the factory default values may result in invalid measurement data.

Make sure the

Measure menu. The Meas Setup key accesses the menu which allows you

Channel Power measurement is selected under the

to modify the average number and average mode for this measurement as described in “Measurement Setup” on page 43.

48 Chapter3

Making W-CDMA Measurements

Making the Channel Power Measurement

The following parameters can be changed according to your measurement requirement:

•

Integ BW - Allows you to specify the integration bandwidth in which

the power is measured. The range is 1.000 kHz to 10.0000 MHz with 1 or 10 Hz resolution. Since

Integ BW is coupled to Chan Pwr Span in

the factory default condition, if you change the integration bandwidth setting, the channel power span setting changes by a proportional amount until a limit value is reached.

•

Chan Power Span - Allows you to set the frequency span for the

channel power measurement. The range is 1.000 kHz to

10.0000 MHz with 1 or 10 Hz resolution. This span is used for the current integration bandwidth setting. Since coupled to

Integ BW in the factory default condition, if you change the

Chan Power Span is

integration bandwidth setting, the channel power span setting changes by a proportional amount, 1.2 times the integration bandwidth, until a limit value is reached. However, the channel power span can be individually set.

In addition, the following parameters for channel power measurements can be modiﬁed by pressing the

Sweep Time - Allows you to toggle the sweep time control between

•

Auto and Man (manual), and also to manually change the sweep time

if set to resolution. If set to

Man. The range is 1.000 µs to 50.00 ms with 1 or 10 µs

Auto, the sweep time derived from the data

Advanced key:

points setting is shown on this key label regardless of the manual entry range.

•

Data Points - Allows you to toggle the data point control between Auto

and Man (manual), and also to manually change the data points if set to

Man. The range is 64 to 65536 with the acceptable entry in powers

of 2 (for example: 64, 128, 512). If set to

Auto, the data point derived

from the sweep time setting is shown on this key label regardless of the manual entry range.

•

Res BW - Shows information on the resolution bandwidth derived

from the sweep time.

• Trig Source - Allows you to change the trigger source from free run (immediate) to the external input signal supplied to either

Ext Front

or Ext Rear port.

Chapter 3 49

Making W-CDMA Measurements

Making the Channel Power Measurement

Changing the Display

The Amplitude Y Scale key accesses the menu to set the desired vertical scale and associated parameters.

•

Scale/Div - Allows you to enter a numeric value to change the vertical

display sensitivity. The range is 0.10 to 20.00 dB with 0.01 dB resolution. The default setting is 10.00 dB, however, since

Coupling is defaulted to On, this value is automatically determined

by the measurement result.

• Ref Value - Allows you to enter a numeric value to change the absolute power value as the display reference. The range is −250.00 to 250.00 dBm with 0.01 dB resolution. The default setting is

10.00 dBm, however, since

Scale Coupling is defaulted to On, this

value is automatically determined by the measurement result.

• Ref Position - Allows you to set the display reference position to either

Scale Coupling - Allows you to toggle the scale coupling function

• between

Top, Ctr (center), or Bot (bottom). The default setting is Top.

On and Off. The default setting is On. This function

automatically determines the scale per division and reference values by the measurement results.

Scale

50 Chapter3

Making W-CDMA Measurements

Making the Channel Power Measurement

Troubleshooting Hints

If an external attenuator is used, be sure to include its attenuation in the measurement of the channel power. Use the

The channel power measurement can reveal degraded or defective parts in the transmitter section of the UUT. The following examples are those areas to be checked further.

• Some faults in the DC power supply control of the transmitter power ampliﬁer, RF power controller of the pre-power ampliﬁer stage, and/or I/Q control of the baseband stage.

• Some degradation in the gain and output power level of the ampliﬁer due to the degraded gain control and/or increased distortion.

• Some degradation of the ampliﬁer linearity and other performance characteristics.

Power ampliﬁers are one of the ﬁnal stage elements of a base or mobile transmitter and are a critical part of meeting the important power and spectral efﬁciency speciﬁcations.Since the channel power measurement measures the spectral response of the ampliﬁer to a complex wideband signal, it is a key measurement linking ampliﬁer linearity and other performance characteristics to the stringent system speciﬁcations.

Ext Atten key.

Chapter 3 51

Making W-CDMA Measurements

Making the Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR) Measurement