Agilent E4400B User Manual

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User’s Guide

Agilent Technologies

ESG Family Signal Generators

Serial Number Prefixes:

(Affix Label Here)

Part No. E4400-90323

Printed in USA

April 2002

Contents

1. Preparing for Use

Installing the Signal Generator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2

Verifying Signal Generator Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-7

See Agilent Technologies ESG Family Internet Page for the Latest Information . . . . . . . .1-10

2. Using Functions

Setting Frequency and Power Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2

Setting Up Internally Generated Amplitude Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-5

Setting Up Internally Generated Frequency Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-7

Creating a Step Sweep and a List Sweep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9

Saving and Recalling an Instrument State. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-12

Enabling Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-13

If You Encounter a Problem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-16

Returning a Signal Generator to Agilent Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-20

Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-21

3. Front and Rear Panel

Front Panel Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2

Display Annotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-8

Rear Panel Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-12

4. Hardkey and Softkey Reference

AM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-2

Ampl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-13

Amplitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-19

Arrow Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-20

Display Contrast Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-21

FM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-22

Freq. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-34

Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-38

Help. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-39

Hold. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-40

Incr Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-41

I/Q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-42

LF Out. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-51

Local . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-63

Mod On/Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-64

Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-65

Numeric Keypad. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-66

Phase Modulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-67

Power Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-80

Preset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-81

Pulse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-82

Recall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-86

Return. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-89

RF On/Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-90

Save. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-91

Sweep/List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-96

Trigger. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-109

Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-111

iii

Contents

5. Memory Structure

Memory Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

File Storage – the Memory Catalog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

6. Safety and Regulatory

Safety Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2

Instrument Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

General Safety Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4

Statement of Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-5

Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6

Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7

Declaration of Conformity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8

Compliance with German Noise Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9

ESG Family Signal Generators

1Preparing for Use

This chapter contains procedures that show you how to install your signal generator and how to perform a functional check to verify signal generator operation. Also, look here for our Internet address for the Agilent Technologies ESG family.

User’s Guide 1-1

Preparing for Use ESG Family Signal Generators Installing the Signal Generator

Installing the Signal Generator

This section contains procedures for properly installing your signal generator:

• checking the shipment

• installing front handles and rack flange kits

• meeting electrical and environmental requirements

• adjusting the display

• selecting the signal generator’s GPIB address

• selecting the programming language

Checking the Shipment

1. Inspect the shipping container for damage. Look for signs of damage such as a dented or torn shipping container, or cushioning

material that shows signs of unusual stress or compacting.

2. Carefully remove the conte nts from t he shippi ng co ntainer a nd verif y th at your order is complete. A power cord and a documentation set are shipped standard with your signal generator. Verify that you have received any options that you ordered.

Installing Front Handles and Rack Mount Flanges

You can attach handles to the front of the signal generator to facilitate transportation of the instrument. Handles are available in a kit which can be ordered when the signal generator is purchased (Option 1CN), or at any time afterward. Assembly instructions are included with the kit. The kit part number is listed in Table 1-1.

You can also rack mount the signal generator. Hardware is available in kits to install rack mount flanges on the signal generator without or with handles. These kits can be ordered when the signal generator is purchased (Options 1CM and 1CP), or at any time afterward. Assembly instructions are included with the kits. The kit part numbers are listed in

Table 1-1.

Table 1-1 Front Handle and Rack Mount Flange Kits

Option Description Part Number

Option 1CN Front Handle Kit 5063-9227 Option 1CM Rack Mount Kit without Handles 5063-9214

1-2

Option 1CP Rack Mount Kit with Handles 5063-9221

User’s Guide

ESG Family Signal Generators Preparing for Use

Installing the Signal Generator

Meeting Electrical and Environmental Requirements

Line Settings

CAUTION This product has an autoranging line voltage input. Be sure that the supply

voltage is within the specified range.

The available AC power source must meet the following requirements:

Voltage:

• 100/115 volts nominal (90-132 volt range)

• 230/240 volts nominal (198-254 volt range) Frequency:

• for 100/115 volts: 50/60/400 Hz nominal

• for 230/240 volts: 50/60 Hz nominal Power:

• 200 watts maximum

WARNING This is a Safety Class 1 Product (provided with a protective earthing

ground incorporated in the power cord). The mains plug shall only be inserted in a socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact. Any interruption of the protective conductor inside or outside of the product is likely to make the product dangerous. Intentional interruption is prohibited.

CAUTION Always use the three-prong AC po wer cord supplied with this prod uct. F ailure

to ensure adequate earth grounding by not using t his cord ma y c ause p roduct damage.

Verify that the power cable is not damaged and that the power source socke t outlet provides a protective earth contact.

Install the instrument so that the detachable power cord is readily identifiable and is easily reached by the operator. The detachable power cord is the instrument disconnecting device. It disconnects the mains circuits from the mains supply before other parts of the instrument. The front panel switch is only a standby switch and is not a LINE switch.

Alternatively, an externally installed switch or circuit breaker (which is readily identifiable and easily reached by the operator) may be used as a disconnecting device.

User’s Guide 1-3

Preparing for Use ESG Family Signal Generators Installing the Signal Generator

Ventilation

CAUTION Ventilation Requirements: When installing the product in a cabinet, the

convection into and out of the product must not be restricted. The ambient temperature (outside the cabinet) must be less than the maximum operating temperature of the product by 4 °C for every 100 watts dissipated in the cabinet. If the total power dissipat ed in t he ca binet is great er than 8 00 w a tts, then forced convection must be used.

Cooling holes are located on the sides and bottom of the instrument cover and the rea r panel of the instrument. Do not allow these holes to be obstructed as they allow air flow through the signal generator.

Environment

This product is designed for use in the following environmental conditions:

• indoor use

• < 15,000 feet (4,572 meters) altitude

• 0 to 55 °C temperature, unless specified differ ently

• maximum relative humidity 80% for temperatures up to 31 °C, decreasing linearly to 50% relative humidity at 40 °C

CAUTION This product is designed for use in INSTALLATION CATEGORY II and

POLLUTION DEGREE 2, per IEC 1010 and 664 respectively.

Proper Usage and Cleaning

The signal generator protects against finger access to hazardous parts within the enclosure, but does not protect against the ingress of water.

WARNING If this product is not used as specified, the protection provided by

the equipment could be impaired. This product must be used in a normal condition only (in which all means for protection are intact).

WARNING To prevent electrical shock, disconnect the signal generator from

mains before cleaning. Use a dry cloth or one slightly dampened with water to clean the external case parts. Do not attempt to clean internally.

1-4

User’s Guide

ESG Family Signal Generators Preparing for Use

Installing the Signal Generator

Adjusting the Display Contrast

You can adjust the contrast of the display by pressing the decrease contrast key or the increase contrast key . These keys are located on the front panel below the display.

Pressing the decrease contrast key and holding it down causes the display background to gradually darken in comparison to the text on the display. The minimum contrast setting is not a completely black display. Some contrast between the background and the text will still be visible.

Pressing the increase contrast key and holding it down causes the display background to gradually brighten in comparison to the text on the display. If the background does not appear to change, it is probably set to the maximum contrast.

Selecting Inverse Video

The normal display mode for the signal generator is dark text on a light background. To change to inverse video (light text on a dark background), press

Invers e Video Off On to On. Inverse video is a persistent state; it is not affected by an

instrument preset or by a power cycle.

Utility > Display and set

Adjusting the Screen Saver

You can increase the life expectancy of the signal generator’s disp lay light by turning on the screen saver. Leaving the display lit for long periods of time or turning the display on and off frequently decreas es the life of the b ulb . W it h the screen sa ver on, the displa y li gh t is turned off after a defined period of time with no input to the front panel. The display light turns on again when any front panel key is pressed or when a remote command is sent.

The screen saver is set to off at the factory. You can turn it on by pressing

Screen Saver Off On. Each time you press Screen Saver Off On the selection toggles between Off

On.

and You can adjust the screen saver mode to turn the light on and off or to turn both the light

and text on and off. Press

Only and Light & Text. Setting the mode to Light Only turns the display light off but leaves the

Utility > Display > Screen Saver Mode. You can toggle between Light

text visible at a low intensity. To prevent the text from burning the display, if you are leaving the display unchanged for long periods of time, set the mode to mode turns the display light and the text off.

The screen saver delay is set to 1 hour at the factory. You can view and change the delay by pressing

Screen Saver Delay in the same menu. The current screen saver delay is displa yed in

the softkey label and also in the active entry area. To change the delay, enter a new value using the numeric keypad and then press

Enter, or rotate the front panel knob. The

acceptable range of delay values is 1 through 12 hours in 1 hour increments.

Utility > Display >

Light & Text. This

The screen saver settings do not change when

Preset is pressed, nor when power to the

instrument is cycled.

User’s Guide 1-5

Preparing for Use ESG Family Signal Generators Installing the Signal Generator

Selecting the Signal Generator’s GPIB Address

The signal generator’s GPIB address is set to 19 at the factory. You can view and change the address by pressing

Utility > GPIB/RS-232 > GPIB Address. The current GPIB address is

displayed in the softkey label and also in the active entry area. To change the address, enter a new value using the numeric keypad and then press

Enter, or rotate the front panel

knob. The acceptable range of addresses is 0 through 30. The GPIB address is a persistent state; it is not affected by an instrument preset or by a

power cycle.

Selecting the Signal Generator’s Programming Language

The default programming language for the signal generator is Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments (SCPI). You can change this language selection by pressing

Utility > GPIB/RS-232 > Remote Language. The Remote Language menu allows you to select

between Agilent 8656/57-compatible language, Agilent 8648-compatible language, and SCPI language. If you have Option UN8, the Remote Language menu allows you to select between Agilent 8656/57-compatible language, Agilent 8657D language (NADC digital modulation capability), Agilent 8657D language (PDC digital modulation capability), and Agilent 8657J (PHS digital modulation capability). Press the softkey for the selection that you desire.

You can also change the language selection by sending the appropriate command over GPIB. Refer to the programming guide for instructions for changing the language over GPIB.

You can set the signal generator to default to a selected language as a persistent state (remains unchanged after an instrument preset or power cycl e). Press

Power On/Preset > Preset Language. The Preset Language menu allow you to select between

Utility >

SCPI, the Agilent 8656/57-compatible programming languages, and Agilent 8648-compatible language. Press the softkey for the selection that you desire .

1-6

User’s Guide

ESG Family Signal Generators Preparing for Use

Verifying Signal Generator Operation

The operator’s chec k is app ropriate as a daily functional check by users, or wh enever the integrity of the signal generator is in question. Use the operator’s check to verify proper operation of the signal generator. The operator’s check does not ensure performance to specifications. To verify specifications, refer to the calibration guide.

Operator’s Check

Perform the following tasks in order:

Power On the Signal Generator and Check for Error Messages

This procedure verifies that the signal generator powers up and that the internal instrument check identifies no errors.

1. Turn power on to the signal generator by pressing the power switch. The green LED will light. Let the instrument warm up for one hour.

2. Cycle the power to the signal generator. The green LED should again be lit and the instrument will perform a check.

3. When the display is lit, check to see if the

4. If the

Utility > Error Info. The first error message in the queue will be shown in the text area of

ERR annunciator is turned on, review the error messages in the queue by pressing

ERR annunciator is turned on.

the display. Refer to the error messages guide for information about the error message. If there is more than one error message (each message will be designated as 1 of n),

press the

5. When you have resolved all of the error messages, press

View Next Error Message softkey until you have seen all of the messages.

Clear Error Queue(s) to delete the

messages. Then restart this procedure at step two.

NOTE For ESG-AP, ESG-DP, and Option 1E5 signal generators, ERROR 514,

Reference Oven Cold

connected to AC line power. The annunciator will both turn on. The

, will occur whenever the signal generator is first

OVEN COLD annunciator and the ERR

OVEN COLD annunciator will automatically

clear after approximately 5 minutes. The error queue cannot be cleared, however, until the OVEN COLD annunciator has turned off.

Verify Maximum Specified Power is Available at the Maximum Frequency

This procedure verifies that there are no unleveled power indications or error messages at the maximum specified frequency and power level.

1. Calibrate the power meter with the power sensor. (Refer to the power meter’s manual

for assistance.)

2. Connect the power sensor to the signal generator’s RF OUTPUT connector as shown in

Figure 1 -1.

User’s Guide 1-7

Preparing for Use ESG Family Signal Generators Verifying Signal Generator Operation

Figure 1-1 Operator’s Check Equipment Setup

3. Preset the signal generator to the factory-defined conditions: a. Press b. Press

Utility > Power On/Preset and toggle Preset until Normal is highlighted. Preset.

4. Set the signal generator to its maximum specified frequency: a. Press

Frequency.

b. Use the numeric keypad to enter the signal generator’s maximum specified

frequency as shown in Table 1-2.

c. Ter mi nate your entry by pressing the

GHz softkey.

5. Set the signal generator to its maximum specified power level: a. Press

Amplitude.

b. Use the numeric keypad to enter the signal generator’s maximum specified power

level as shown in Table 1-2.

c. Ter mi nate your entry by pressing the

6. Toggle the front panel The display

RF ON annunciator will turn on.

RF On/Off key to turn on RF power to the RF OUTPUT connector .

dBm softkey.

7. Verify that the power meter reads the maximum specified output power including the power level accuracy limits.

8. Check to see if the

UNLEVEL or ERR display annunciators have turned on. If these

annunciators are on, refer to the service guide for troubleshooting information.

1-8

User’s Guide

ESG Family Signal Generators Preparing for Use

Verifying Signal Generator Operation

Table 1-2 Frequency and Power Level Limits

Power Level

Accuracy

Limits

0.7 dB

ESG Model

E4400B

Maximum

Specified

Frequency

Maximum

Specified

Power

1 GHz +13 dBm E4430B E4423B E4434B

E4420B

2 GHz +10 dBm

0.7 dB

E4431B E4424B E4435B

E4421B

3 GHz +10 dBm

1.0 dB

E4432B E4425B E4436B

E4422B

4 GHz +7 dBm

1.0 dB

E4433B E4426B E4437B

1. The values provided are confidence levels only; they are not specifications and may vary with installed options.

User’s Guide 1-9

Preparing for Use ESG Family Signal Generators See Agilent Technologies ESG Family Internet Page for the Latest Information

See Agilent Technologies ESG Family Internet P age for the Latest Information

Get the latest news, product and support information, application literature and more. Agilent Te chnologies Internet address for the ESG family is: http://www.agilent.com/find/esg.

1-10

User’s Guide

ESG Family Signal Generators

2Using Functions

This chapter contains procedures that show you how to use some of the major functions of your signal generator including setting frequency and power levels, setting up modulations, creating step and list sweeps, saving and recalling instrument states, and enabling options.

Information is also provided on what you should do if you encounter a problem with your signal generator.

User’s Guide 2-1

Using Functions ESG Family Signal Generators Setting Frequency and Power Levels

Setting Frequency and Power Levels

Using these procedures, you will learn how to:

• set the RF frequency

• set a frequency reference and a frequency offset

• set the RF output power level

• set an amplitude reference and an amplitude of fset

To Set the RF Frequency

1. Turn on power to the signal generator: press the power switch, , so that the green LED is on. The signal generator will perform an internal check.

2. Press the green

Preset key. The signal generator will return to a set of factory-defined

conditions.

NOTE Y ou can change the preset conditions to a user -defined instrument state.

However, for the purpose of these examples, use the factory-defined preset state (the Preset Normal User softkey in the Utility menu must be set to Normal).

3. Observe the frequency area of the display (in the upper left-hand cor ner). It should display the maximum specified frequency of your signal generator.

4. The signal generator is set to output an RF si gnal, however the

On before the RF signal is available at the RF OUTPUT connector. Press RF On/Off.

to Notice that the display annunciator changes from

RF OFF to RF ON. The maximum

RF On/Off key must be set

specified frequency is now being output at the RF OUTPUT connector.

5. Change the frequency to 700 MHz by pressing

Frequency. The current RF frequency is

now displayed in the active entry area of the display. Using the numeric keypad, enter

700 and then press the MHz terminator softkey. The new 700 MHz RF frequency is now

displayed in the frequency area of the display and also in the active entry area.

6. Frequency is still the active function until you press another front panel function key. Change the frequency again by pressing the up arrow key once. Each press of the up arrow key increases the frequency by the increment value last set with the

Incr Set key.

The increment value is displayed in the active entry area. The down arrow works like the up arrow. Practice stepping the frequency up and down

in 1 MHz increments. Use the

Incr Set key to change the increment value to 1 MHz, if

necessary.

7. You can also adjust the RF frequency using the front panel knob. As long as frequency is the active function (the frequency is displayed in the active entry area), the front panel knob will increase and decrease the RF frequency. Use the front panel knob to adjust the frequency back to 700 MHz.

2-2

User’s Guide

ESG Family Signal Generators Using Functions

Setting Frequency and Power Levels

To Set a Frequency Reference and a Frequency Offset

The following procedure se ts the RF outp ut fr equency as a re ference frequency t o which all other frequency parameters are relative. The frequency initially shown on the display will be 0 Hz (the frequency output by the hardware minus the reference fre quency). Although the display changes, the frequency output does not change. Any subsequent frequency changes are shown as incremental or decremental to 0 Hz.

1. Press

Preset to return the signal generator to the factory-defined instrument state.

2. Set the RF frequency to 700 MHz.

3. Turn on frequency reference mode and set the current output frequency (700 MHz) as the reference value. Press

Freq > Freq Ref Set. The frequency displayed is 0 Hz (the

frequency output by the hardware, 700 MHz, minus the reference value, 700 MHz). Notice that the

4. Set the

RF OFF to RF ON. The RF frequency at the RF OUTPUT connector is 700 MHz.

RF On/Off key to On. Notice that the display annunciator has changed from

REF indicator is turned on and the Freq Ref softkey has toggled to On.

5. Increment the output frequency by 1 MHz. Press the up arrow key. The frequency display changes to show 1 MHz (the frequency output by the hardware, 700 MHz + 1 MHz, minus the reference frequency, 700 MHz) and the output frequency changes to 701 MHz.

6. Enter a 1 MHz offset. Press the keypad and pressing the

MHz terminator softkey. The frequency display shows 2 MHz

Freq Offset softkey and enter 1 MHz using the numeric

(the frequency output by the hardware, 701 MHz, minus the reference frequency, 700 MHz, plus the offset, 1 MHz). Notice that the

OFFSET indicator is turned on. The

frequency at the RF OUTPUT connector is still 701 MHz.

To Set the RF Output Power Level

1. Press Preset to return the signal generator to the factory-defined instrument state.

2. Observe the amplitude area o f the displ ay (i n the up per middle of the display). It should display −135 dBm. This is the normal preset RF output power level.

3. The signal generator is set to output an RF si gnal, however the

On before the RF signal is available at the RF OUTPUT connector. Press RF On/Off.

to Notice that the display annunciator changes from

RF OFF to RF ON. The RF signal is

RF On/Off key must be set

now being output at a −135 dBm level at the RF OUTPUT connector.

4. Change the power level to −20 dBm. Press

Amplitude. The current power level is now

displayed in the active entry ar ea of the displa y. Using the numeric keypad and the key, enter

−20 and then press the dBm softkey. The new −20 dBm RF output power is now

displayed in the amplitude area of the display and also in the active entry area.

5. Amplitude is still the active function until you press another front panel function key. You can also change the amplitude using the up and down arrow keys and the front panel knob. Practice changing the amplit ude using these methods al so.

User’s Guide 2-3

Using Functions ESG Family Signal Generators Setting Frequency and Power Levels

To Set an Amplitude Reference and an Amplitude Offset

The following procedure sets the RF output power as an amplitude reference to which all other amplitude parameters are relati ve. The ampli tude initiall y shown on the disp lay will be 0 dB (the power output by the hardware minus the reference power). Although the display changes, the output po wer does not change. Any subsequent power changes are shown as incremental or decremental to 0 dB.

1. Press

Preset to return the signal generator to the factory-defined instrument state.

2. Set the RF output power to −20 dBm.

3. Turn on amplitude reference mode and set the current output power (−20 dBm) as the reference value. Press

Ampl > More (1 of 2) > Ampl Ref Set. The amplitude displayed is 0 dB

(the power output by the hardware, −20 dBm; minus the reference value, −20 dBm). Notice that the

4. Set the

RF OFF to RF ON. The power at the RF OUTPUT connector is

RF On/Off key to On. Notice that the display annunciator has changed from

REF indicator is turned on and the Ampl Ref softkey has toggled to On.

20 dBm.

−

5. Use the up arrow key to increase the output power by 10 dB. The amplitude display changes to show 10 dB (the power output by the hardware, −20 dBm; +10 dBm; minus the referen ce power, −20 dBm) and the output power changes to −10 dBm.

6. Enter a 10 dB offset. Press the

Ampl Offset softkey and enter 10 dB using the numeric

keypad. The amplitude display shows 20 dB (the power output by the hardware,

10 dBm; minus the reference power, −20 dBm; plus the offset, 10 dB). Notice that the

−

OFFS indicator is turned on. The power at the RF OUTPUT connector is still

10 dBm.

−

2-4

User’s Guide

ESG Family Signal Generators Using Functions

Setting Up Internally Generated Amplitude Modulation

Using this procedure, you will learn how to generate an amplitude-modulated signal with the following characteristics:

• carrier frequency set to 1340 kHz

• power level set to 0 dBm

• AM depth set to 90%

• AM rate set to 10 kHz

Setting the Carrier Frequency

1. Preset the signal generator to the factory-defined instrument state.

2. Press the front panel normal preset value for frequency is displayed in the active entr y are a.

3. Enter 1340 kHz using the numeric keypad and pressing the new carrier frequency is shown in the frequency area of the display. You should see

1.340 000 00 MHz.

Frequency key. Frequency becomes the active function and the

kHz terminator softkey. The

Setting the Power Level

1. Press the front panel Amplitude key. Amplitude becomes the active function and the normal preset value for amplitude is displayed in the active entry area.

2. Enter 0 dBm using the numeric keypad and pressing the new power level is shown in the amplitude area of the displa y. You should see

dBm terminator softkey. The

0.00 dBm.

Setting the AM Depth

1. Press the front panel AM key. The first level menu of softkeys is displayed.

2. Press the value for AM depth is displayed in the active entry area.

3. Enter 90% using the numeric keypad and pressing the AM depth is displayed below the line of the softkey.

AM Depth softkey. AM depth becomes the active function and the normal p reset

% terminator softkey. The new

AM Depth softke y. You sho u ld se e 90.0 % in the second

User’s Guide 2-5

Using Functions ESG Family Signal Generators Setting Up Internally Generated Amplitude Modulation

Setting the AM Rate

1. In the same AM menu, press the AM Rate softkey. AM rate becomes the active funct i on and the normal preset value for AM rate is displayed in the active entry area.

2. Enter 10 kHz using the numeric keypad and pressing the new AM rate is displayed below the

AM Rate softkey. You should see 10.0000 kHz in the

kHz terminator softkey. The

second line of the softkey.

Turning On Amplitude Modulation

The signal generator is now c onfigured to ou tput a 0 dBm, amplitude-modulated carrier at 1340 kHz with the AM depth set to 90% and the AM rate set to 10 kHz. The shape of the waveform is a sinewave (notice that sine is the default for the these remaining steps to output the amplitude-modulated signal.

1. In the same AM menu, press the also, that the

AM display annunciator is turned on indicating that you have enabled

AM Off On softkey. AM toggles from Off to On. Notice,

amplitude modulation.

2. Press the front panel changes from

RF OFF to RF ON. The modulated signal is now available at the RF

RF On/Off key to toggle RF on. Notice that the display annunciator

OUTPUT connector.

AM Waveform softkey). Follow

2-6

User’s Guide

ESG Family Signal Generators Using Functions

Setting Up Internally Generated Frequency Modulation

Using this procedure you will configure the signal generator to outp ut a frequency-modulated signal with the following characteristics:

• carrier frequency set to 104.9 MHz

• power level set to 0 dBm

• FM deviation set to 75 kHz

• FM rate set to 10 kHz

Setting the Carrier Frequency

1. Preset the signal generator to the factory-defined instrument state.

2. Press the front panel normal preset value for frequency is displayed in the active entr y are a.

3. Enter 104.9 MHz using the numeric keypad and pressing the The new carrier frequency is shown in the frequency area of the display. You should see

104.900 000 00 MHz.

Frequency key. Frequency becomes the active function and the

MHz terminator softkey.

Setting the Power Level

1. Press the front panel Amplitude key. Amplitude becomes the active function and the normal preset value for amplitude is displayed in the active entry area.

2. Enter 0 dBm using the numeric keypad and pressing the new power level is shown in the amplitude area of the displa y. You should see

dBm terminator softkey. The

0.00 dBm.

Setting the FM Deviation

1. Press the front panel FM/ΦM key. The first level menu of FM softkeys is displayed.

2. Press the preset value for FM deviation is displayed in the active entry are a .

3. Enter 75 kHz using the numeric keypad and pressing the new FM deviation is displayed below the second line of the softkey.

FM Dev softkey. FM deviation becomes the active function and the normal

kHz terminator softkey. The

FM Dev softkey. You should see 75.0000 kHz in the

User’s Guide 2-7

Using Functions ESG Family Signal Generators Setting Up Internally Generated Frequency Modulation

Setting the FM Rate

1. In the same FM menu, press the FM Rate softkey. FM rate becomes the active function and the normal preset value for FM rate is displayed in the active entry area .

2. Enter 10 kHz using the numeric keypad and pressing the new FM rate is displayed below the

FM Rate softkey. You should see 10.0000 kHz in the

kHz terminator softkey. The

second line of the softkey.

Turning On Frequency Modulation

The signal generator is now conf igured to output a 0 dBm, frequency-modulated carrier at

104.9 MHz with the FM deviation set to 75 kHz and the FM rate set to 10 kHz. The shape

of the waveform is a sinewa ve. (Notice that sine is the default for the Press

More (1 of 2 ) to see the softkey.) Follow these remaining steps to output the

frequency-modulated signal.

1. In the same FM menu, press the that the

FM display annunciator is turned on indicating t hat you have enab led frequency

FM Off On softkey. FM toggles from Off to On. Notice,

modulation.

2. Press the front panel changes from

RF OFF to RF ON. The modulated signal is now available at the RF

RF On/Off key to toggle RF on. Notice that the display annunciator

OUTPUT connector.

FM Waveform so ft ke y.

2-8

User’s Guide

ESG Family Signal Generators Using Functions

Creating a Step Sweep and a List Sweep

Using this procedure, you will learn two ways to set up the signal generator to sweep a defined set of points. You will create a step sweep and then you will use these points as the basis for a new list sweep.

In the first procedure, you will create a step sweep with the following ten, equally spaced points:

• frequency range from 525 MHz to 600 MHz

• power level from −20 dBm to 0 dBm

• dwell time 500 ms at each point In the second procedure, you will take the step sweep points and edit several points to

change the sweep information.

Configuring a Step Sweep

1. Preset the signal generator to the factory-defined instrument state.

2. Press the front panel

Sweep Type List Step softkey to Step.

the

3. Press the

Configure Step Sweep softkey. Another menu is d isplayed with softkeys that you

will use to create the sweep points.

4. Change the start frequency of the step sweep. Press the 525 MHz using the numeric keypad and pressing the

5. Change the stop frequency of the step sweep. Press the using the numeric keypad and pressing the

6. Set the power level for the start of the step sweep. Press the

−20 dBm using the numeric keypad and pressing the

7. Set the power level for the end of the step sweep. Press the 0 dBm using the numeric keypad and pressing the

8. Set the number of sweep points. Press the panel knob until the number 8 is displayed.

9. Set the dwell time at each point. Press the the numeric keypad and pressing the

Sweep/List key. The first level of sweep softkeys is displayed . Toggle

Freq Start softkey. Enter

MHz terminator softkey.

Freq Stop softkey . Enter 600 MHz

MHz terminator softkey.

Ampl Start softkey. Enter

dBm terminator softkey.

Ampl Stop softkey. Enter

dBm terminator softkey.

# Points softkey. Enter 8 b y rot a ting the front

Step Dwell softkey, then enter 500 ms using

msec terminator softkey.

User’s Guide 2-9

Using Functions ESG Family Signal Generators Creating a Step Sweep and a List Sweep

Turning On Continuous Step Sweep

1. Press Return to move up one menu level.

2. Press the either the frequency, amplitude, or frequency and amplitude data. Press the

Sweep softkey. Another menu is displayed showing you choices for sweeping

Freq&Ampl

softkey. Selecting this softkey returns you to the previous menu and turns the sweep function on.

3. Press the

SWEEP display annunciator is turned on indicating that the signal generator is

Sweep Repeat Single Cont softkey to toggle from Single to Cont. Notice th a t th e

sweeping.

4. Press the front panel changes from

RF OFF to RF ON. The swept RF signal is now available at the RF

RF On/Off key to toggle RF on. Notice that the display annunciator

OUTPUT connector.

Configuring a List Sweep Using Step Sweep Data

1. Press the Sweep Type List Step softkey to toggle from Step to List.

2. Press the will use to create the sweep points. Notice that the display shows the current list data. (When no list has been previously created, the default is one point set to the signal

generator’s maximum frequency, −135 dBm, with a dwell time of 2 ms.)

3. Press defined in the step sweep are automatically loaded into the list.

Configure List Sweep softkey. Another menu is displayed with softkeys that you

More (1 of 2) > Load List From Step Sweep >Confirm Load From Step Sweep. The points you

Editing List Sweep Points

1. For point 1, change the dwell time to 100 ms. Press the right arrow key twice until the dwell time is highlighted. Press becomes the active function. Enter 100 ms using the numeric keypad and pressing the

msec terminator softkey. Note that the next it em in the table (in this case , the f requency

value for point 2) becomes highlighted after you press the terminator softkey.

2. For point 4, change the frequency to 560 MHz. Using the arrow keys, highlight the frequency. Press the

Edit Item softkey to make the frequency for point 4 the active

function. Enter 560 MHz using the numeric keypad and pressing the softkey.

3. Add a new point between points 7 and 8. Highlight any column in the point 7 row. Press

Insert Row. A copy of the point 7 row is placed between points 7 and 8, creating a new

point 8, and renumbering the successive points.

4. Shift frequency values down one row, beginning at point 8. Highlight the frequency i tem for point 8, then press

Insert Item . Note that the original frequency values for both po ints

8 and 9 shift down one row, creating an entry for point 10 that has only a frequency value (the power and dwell time items do not shift down).

More (2 of 2) > Edit Item . The dwell time for point 1

MHz terminator

2-10

User’s Guide

ESG Family Signal Generators Using Functions

Creating a Step Sweep and a List Sweep

5. The frequency for point 8 is still active. Enter 700 and press the MHz softkey. NOTE An informational ERR annunciator turns on to indicate that the frequency

and power lists are of unequal size. You will correct this problem in the following steps, however the annunciator does not turn of f until you clear the error queue in the Utility menu [Utility > Error Info > Clear Error Queue(s)].

6. The power for point 8 should now be highlighted. Press

Insert Item and change the value

to 1 dBm. Inserting a new power value at point 8 shifts down the original power values for points 8 and 9 by one row.

7. Highlight the dwell time for point 9, then p ress

Insert Item. A duplicate of the highlighted

dwell time is inserted for point 9, shifting the existing value down to complete the entry for point 12.

Turning On List Sweep for a Single Sweep

1. Press Return to move up one menu level.

2. Notice that the You do not need to change it.

3. Press the

SWEEP display annunciator is turned off. The sweep will not occur until it is triggered.

4. Press that the

Single Sweep. The signal generator will sweep the points in your list once. Notice

SWEEP display annunciator is turned on during the sweep.

5. Change the sweep trigger to occur when you press

Trigger Key.

6. Press More (2 of 2) > Single Sweep to arm the sweep. Notice that the ARMED display annunciator has turned on.

Sweep softkey is still set to sweep both frequency and amplitude data.

Sweep Repeat Single Cont softkey to toggle from Cont to Single. Notice that the

Trigger > More (1 of 2) > Sweep Trigger >

7. Press the front panel once and the

User’s Guide 2- 11

SWEEP display annunciator is turned on during the sweep.

T rigger key. The signal generator will sweep the points in your list

Using Functions ESG Family Signal Generators Saving and Recalling an Instrument State

Saving and Recalling an Instrument State

Using this procedure, you will learn how to save instrument settings to a memory register and to recall the settings.

1. Preset the signal generator to the factory-defined instrument state.

2. Set up the signal generator with the following changes: a. Set the frequency to 800 MHz. b. Set the amplitude to 0 dBm. c. Enable amplitude modulation (

AM display annunciator is on).

3. Save this instrument state in the signal generator memory in sequence 1, memory register 01. Press

Save > Select Seq. The sequence number becomes the active function.

The signal generator will display the last sequence that you have used. Set the sequence to 1 using the arrow keys.

Press

Select Reg. The register number in sequence 1 becomes the active function. The

signal generator will either displa y the last register used [acc ompanied by the text:

] or, if no registers are in use, will display register 00 [accompanied by the text:

use) (available)]. Use the arrow keys to select register 01.

4. Press

Save Seq[1] Reg[01]. The current instrument settings including the frequency,

amplitude, and modulation changes you made have been stored in signal generator memory.

5. Preset the signal generator to the factory-defined instrument state.

6. Recall your instrument state. Press the front panel

Recall key. Notice that the Select Seq

softkey shows sequence 1. (This is the last sequence that you have used.) You do not need to change the sequence . Press

RECALL Reg. The register to be recalled in sequence 1

becomes the active function. Press the up arro w key once to select register 1. Notice that your stored instrument settings have been immediately recalled.

(in

2-12

User’s Guide

ESG Family Signal Generators Using Functions

Enabling Options

The ESG Family Signal Gener ators are a highly flexible platform of instruments that you can retrofit after purchase to add many new capabilities. Some new optional features are implemented in hardware that you must install. Some options are implemented in software but require the presence of optional hardware in the instrument. This example shows you how to enable both hardware and software options.

Enabling a Hardware Option

1. When you purchase a new hardware option for your signal generator, the hardware and instructions for installing the hardwa re will be included in a kit that you receive . F ollow the installation instructions to retrofit your signa l generator with the new hardware.

2. Next, on the signal generator press

Utility > Instrument Adjustments > Hardware Options to

access the Hardware Options menu. An example of the signal generator displa y follows:

The display indicates which options are currently enabled for the signal generator. In

this case Option UN3 is enabled, as indicated by the X placed in the “Selected” column.

3. Highlight the new option that you have just installed. (Use the up/down arrow keys or the front panel knob.)

4. Press

Select Item. An X will be placed in the “Selected” column.

Two other selection keys are available in this menu to help you identify the proper options to be enabled. highlighted option.

Deselect Item removes the X from the “Selected” column in the

Deselect All Items removes all occurrence s of the X from the “Sele cte d”

column.

User’s Guide 2- 13

Using Functions ESG Family Signal Generators Enabling Options

5. Press Proceed With Reconfiguration to enable all selected options. After pressing this softkey, press

Confirm Change to verify that you do want to reconfigure the signal

generator with the options that you ha ve selected. If you do not want to c ontinue, press

Return.

CAUTION If you enable an option that does not have the required hardware installed,

the menus for that option will be activated but the option cannot operate, despite what the menus may seem to indicate.

6. Once you have installed optional hardware in your signal generator, perform a download of calibration data from the hardware into non-volatile memory by pressing

Calibrate Selected Items. To confirm that you want to start the calibration, press Start Calibration and Store Results

. The calibration takes several minutes. During the calibration, a message is displayed indicating the calibration is in progress and showing the percent complete. When the calibration is fi nished, the Hardware Options menu is returned.

2-14

User’s Guide

ESG Family Signal Generators Using Functions

Enabling Options

Enabling a Software Option

1. A license key is required to enable each software option. This license key is provided on the license key certificate that you receive when you purchase the software option. Access the Software Options menu by pressing

Options. An example of the signal generator display follows:

Utility > Instrument Adjustments > Software

Verify that the host ID shown on the display matches the host ID on the license key certificate. The host ID is a unique number for every instrument. If the host ID on the license key certificate does not match your instrument, the license key cannot enable the software option.

2. On the display is a list of software options that are already enabled (if any) and the software options that can be enabled. Software options are linked to specific hardware options. Before a soft war e option can be enabled, t he appropr iate hardw are opt ion must be installed. For example, Option UN5, Multi-Channel CDMA, requires that Option UND, Intern al Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator , be installed. If the softw are option that you intend to install is listed in a grey font, the required hardware may not

be installed. (Look for an X in the “Selec ted” column of the appropriat e hardwar e option in the Hardware Options menu.)

3. To enable the software option, highlight the desired op tion using the up/down arrow keys or the front panel knob.

4. Press

Modify License Key. Enter the 12-character license key (from your license key

certificate) using the softkeys and numeric keypad. When you have finished, press the

Enter terminator softkey.

5. Press

Proceed With Reconfiguration > Confirm Change to verify that you do want to

reconfigure the signal generator with the options for which you have provided a license key. The instrument will enable the options and reboot.

User’s Guide 2- 15

Using Functions ESG Family Signal Generators If You Encounter a Problem

If You Encounter a Problem

If the signal generator is not op erating as you ex pected, l ook for help in the f ollowing list of symptoms and possible solutions. If you do not find a solution here, refer to the service guide.

No RF Output?

The front panel RF On/Off key must be set to On before the RF signal is available at the RF OUTPUT connector. Check the annunciator on the display. If it reads

RF On/Off once to toggle the RF output on.

RF Output Power too Low?

If the RF output power seems too low, look for an OFFSET or REF indicator in the amplitude area of the display.

OFFSET tells you that an amplitude offset has been set. An amplitude offset changes the

value shown in the amplitude area of the displ a y but do es not af fect the outp ut power. The amplitude displayed is equal to the curre nt power output b y the signal genera tor hardw are plus the value for the offset. To eliminate the offset, press the numeric keypad and press the

dB terminator softkey.

Ampl > Ampl Offset. Enter 0 using

RF OFF, press

REF tells you that the amplitude reference mode is turned on. When this mode is on, the

displayed amplitude value is not the output power level; rather, it is the current power output by the signal generator hardware minus the reference value set by the softkey. To exit the reference mode, press

Ampl and toggle the Ampl Ref softkey to Off. You

Ampl Ref Set

can then reset the output power to the desired level.

Optional Features are Not Working?

If you enable an option that does not have the required hardware installed, the menus for that option will be activated but the option cannot operate, despite what the menus may seem to indicate. Check to b e sure that t he required hardwar e is physically installe d in the signal generator.

If a software option is disabled but should be enabled, try the following suggestions for resolution:

• Verify that the optional hardware is installed.

• Verify that the hardware option is enabled.

• Verify that the softwa re option is enabled with the correct license key. Refer to your License Key Certificate for the correct license key or, if your option was installed by Agilent Technologies, contact your local service office with the instrument model number, the host ID, and the software option that should be enabled.

2-16

User’s Guide

ESG Family Signal Generators Using Functions

If You Encounter a Problem

No Modulation at the RF Output?

Although you can set up and enable various modulations, the RF carrier is modulated by the enabled modulation only when you have also set annunciator on the display. If it reads modulation on.

MOD OFF, press the Mod On/Off key once to toggle the

Mod On/Off to On. Check the

Can’t Turn Off Sweep Mode?

In the sweep mode menu you can choose to set the sweep to various sweep types or to turn sweep off. Press

Sweep/List > Sweep and choose Off from the sweep mode selections.

Recalled a Register and Sweep List is Missing?

Sweep information is not stored as part of the instrument state in a storage register. Only the current step and list sweep is available to the signal generator and it cannot be stored nor will it survive a factory preset.

All of the Registers Where You Previously Stored Instrument States are Empty?

The save/recall registers are backed-up by a battery when AC power to the signal generator is not connected. The bat tery ma y n eed to be r epla ced. To verify that the battery has failed, turn off line power to the signal generator and unplug it. Then plug in the instrument and cycle power on. If either error messag e −311 or −700 is stored in the error message queue, your battery has failed. Refer to the service guide for battery replacement instructions.

Saved an Instrument State in a Register but the Register is Empty or Contains the Wrong State?

If you have intentionally, or unintentionally, selected a register number that is greater than 99, the signal generator will automati cally select register 99 to save your instrument state. If the register number you intended to use is empty or contains the wrong instrument state, recall regist er 99 as the instrument state ma y be saved there.

The Power Supply has Shut Down?

If the power supply is not working, it requires repair or rep lacement. There is no user-r eplaceable power supply fuse. Refer to the service guide for instructions.

User’s Guide 2- 17

Using Functions ESG Family Signal Generators If You Encounter a Problem

Incorrect List Sweep Dwell Time?

If the signal genera tor does not dwell f or the correct period o f time at eac h sweep list point, first check the sweep list dwell values for accuracy. Press and the sweep list values will be displayed. Edit the dwell values if they are incorrect.

NOTE The effective dwell time at the RF OUTPUT connector is the sum of the va lue

set for the dwell plus pro cessing time , a ttenuator switc hing time , and sett ling time. This additional time ad de d to t he d well is generally a fe w mil li-seconds. The TTL output, however, available at the TRIGGER OUT connector, is asserted high only during the actual dwell time.

Sweep/List > Configure List Sweep

If the list dwell values are correct, check to see if the When

Step is selected, the signal generator will sweep the list points using the dwell time

Dwell Type List Step softkey is set to Step.

set for step sweep rather than the sweep list dwell values. To view the step sweep dwell time, press

Configure Step Sweep and observe the value set for the Step Dwell softkey.

Can’t Turn Off Help Mode?

There are two help modes (single and continuous) available on the signal generator. In single mode (the factory preset conditio n) when you press the

Help key, help text is provided

for your next key press. Now press any key and you will exit the help function and the function of the key you pressed is also executed. When you are in continuous help mode, when you press the

function is also executed (except for the you press the

Instrument Info/Help Mode and toggle the Help Mode Single Cont softkey to Single.

Help key again. To change from continuous to single mode, press Utility >

Help key, help text is provided for your next key press and that key’s

Preset key). You will stay in this help mode until

LF OUTPUT Signal is a Sinewave but the RF OUTPUT Signal is a Pulse Squarewave?

The LF OUTPUT connector will output a signal where the frequency and shape is set by the internal source as it is being used by a modulation. However, if you are generating a pulse squarewave, the LF OUTPUT signal is correctly output as a sinewave. That sinewave is later squared by the modulator to generate the pulse modulation.

2-18

User’s Guide

ESG Family Signal Generators Using Functions

If You Encounter a Problem

Signal Generator is Locked Up?

If your signal generator is locked up, try the following suggestions for resolution:

• Make sure that the signal generator is not in remote mode. (The turned on in the display.) Press

Local to halt remote mode and return to listen mode.

R annunciator will be

• Make certain that the signal generator is not in a local lockout condition.

• Check for a progress bar on the signal generator display which indicates that an operation is in progress.

• Try an instrument preset.

• Try cycling power.

If none of the previous suggestions resolves the problem, you can try the fail-safe recovery sequence. This sequence should only be used as a last resort as it will reset the signal generator but the process will destroy all user files (instrument state, sequence files, data files), calibration data (unsaved I/Q calibrations, DCFM/DCΦM calibrations), and the persistent state. Do not attempt to perform any other front panel or remote operations during the fail-safe sequence.

To run the fail-safe sequence, hold down the hold down the

Preset key until the ESG fail-safe recovery sequence message is displayed.

Preset key while cycling power. Continue to

CAUTION Carefully read the entire message! It may list additional risks with the

procedure beyond what is documented here.

Release the

Preset key and press Yes to continue with the sequence (or No to abort with no

lost files). At the conclusion of the sequence, perform the follo wing step s:

1. Cycle power once again. Cycling power restores all previously installed options. You should expect to see several error messages resulting from calibration files being restored from EEPROM.

2. Perform the DCFM/DCΦM calibration. (Refer to the

DCFM/DCΦM Cal softkey description

in Chapter 4, “Hardkey and Softkey Reference,” in this manual.)

3. For ESG-D and ESG-DP series signal generators only, perform the I/Q calibration. (Refer to the

I/Q Calibration softkey description in Chapter 4, “Hardkey and Softkey

Reference,” of this manual.)

4. Agilent Technologies is interested in the circumstances that caused you to have to initiate this procedure. Please contact us at 1- 800-452-4844. We’d like to help you eliminate any repeat occurrences.

User’s Guide 2- 19

Using Functions ESG Family Signal Generators Returning a Signal Generator to Agilent Technologies

Returning a Signal Generator to Agilent Technologies

If you are returning your signal generator to Agilent Technologies for servicing , please ship the instrument in the original factory packaging materials. If they are not available , use similar packaging to properly protect the instrument.

Include as much information as possible about the problem: record any erro r messages that appeared on the display, and include performance test results or any other specific data on the performance of the signal generator.

Return the instrument to the nearest Agilent Technologies sales or service office. A list of sales and service offices follows on the next page.

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User’s Guide

ESG Family Signal Generators Using Functions

Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Offices

Table 2-1 Contacting Agilent

Online assistance: www.agilent.com/find/assist United States

(tel) 1 800 452 4844

New Zealand

(tel) 0 800 738 378 (fax) (+64) 4 495 8950

Malaysia

(tel) 1-800 828 848 (fax) 1 800 801 664

Taiwan

(tel) 0800-047-866 (fax) (886) 2 25456723

Latin America

(tel) (305) 269 7500 (fax) (305) 269 7599

Japan

(tel) (+81) 426 56 7832 (fax) (+81) 426 56 7840

Philippines

(tel) (632) 8426802 (tel) (PLDT subscriber only): 1 800 16510170 (fax) (632) 8426809 (fax) (PLDT subscriber only): 1 800 16510288

People’s Republi c of China

(tel) (preferred): 800-810-0189 (tel) (alternate): 10800-650-0021 (fax) 10800-650-0121

Canada

(tel) 1 877 894 4414 (fax) (905) 282 6495

Australia

(tel) 1 800 629 485 (fax) (+61) 3 9210 5947

Thailand

(tel) outside Bangkok: (088) 226 008 (tel) within Bangkok: (662) 661 3999 (fax) (66) 1 661 3714

India

(tel) 1-600-11-2929 (fax) 000-800-650-1101

Europe

(tel) (+31) 20 547 2323 (fax) (+31) 20 547 2390

Singapore

(tel) 1 800 375 8100 (fax0 (65) 836 0252

Hong Kong

(tel) 800 930 871 (fax) (852) 2506 9233

User’s Guide 2- 21

Using Functions ESG Family Signal Generators Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Offices

2-22

User’s Guide

ESG Family Signal Generators

3Front and Rear Panel

This chapter contains descriptions of the keys and connectors and other hardware on the front and rear panels. It also describes which information is displayed in the various parts of the display.

User’s Guide 3-1

Front and Rear Panel ESG Family Signal Generators

Front Panel Overview

21. Display

33. SYMBOL SYNC Input Connector

32. DATA CLOCK

31. DA T A I nput Connector

19. Q INPUT Connector

20. I INPUT Connector

23. Softkeys

17. Line Power LED

16. Standby LED

18. Power Switch

24. Knob

25. Amplitude Key

26. Frequency Key

12. Display Contrast Decrease Key

13. Display Contrast Increase Key

14. Local Key

15. Preset Key

34. PULSE IN Connector

27. Save Key

30. Recall Key

28. Menu Keys

4. Trigger Key

3. Help Key

1. EXT 1 INPUT Connecto

2. EXT 2 INPUT Connecto

5. LF OUTPUT Connector

7. RF OUTPUT Connector

8. RF On/Off Key

6. Mod On/Off Key

9. Numeric Keypad

29. Incr Set Key

10. Arrow Keys

22. Hold Key

11. Return Key

3-2

User’s Guide

ESG Family Signal Generators Front and Rear Panel

Front Panel Overview

1. EXT 1 INPUT Connecto r

This female BNC input connector accepts a 1-Vpk signal for FM, ΦM, and AM. For all these modulations, ±1V

produces the indicated deviation or depth. When AC-coupled inputs

are selected for FM, ΦM, or AM, HI/LO annunciators will light if the peak input voltage differs from 1.0 V by more than 3%. The input impedance is 50Ω. The damage levels are 5V

and 10 Vpk. If you configure your signal generator with Option 1EM, this input is

rms

relocated to a rear panel, female BNC connector.

2. EXT 2 INPUT Connecto r

This female BNC input connector accepts a 1-Vpk signal for FM, ΦM, AM, and pulse modulation. With FM, ΦM, or AM, ±1V

produces the indicated deviation or depth . With

pulse modulation, +1 V is on and 0 V is off. When AC-coupled inputs are selected for FM,

M, or AM, HI/LO annunciators will light if the peak input voltage differs from 1.0 V by

more than 3%. The input impedance is 50Ω. The damage levels are 5 V

and 10 Vpk. If

rms

you configure your signal generator with Option 1EM, this input is relocated to a rear panel, female BNC connector.

3. Help Key

Press this hardkey for a short textual description of the function of the front panel hardkeys and softkeys. Press t his key again and you will be r eturned to nor mal instrument operation.

4. Trigger Key

Press this hardkey to begin an event (such as a step or list sweep). This key must first be selected as the method for acti vating a n event by pre ssing the

Trigger Key softkey, located in

the softkey menus associated with the event.

5. LF OUTPUT Connector

This female BNC connector is the output connector for modulation signals generated by the LF (low frequency) source function generator. You can also output signals where the frequency and shape are set by the internal source as it is being used by a modulation. For pulse modulation, however, the internal source is a sinewave that is later squared by the modulator to generate the pulse squarewave.

This output is capable of driving 3.5 V

into a 50Ω load. If you configure your signal

generator with Option 1EM, this input is relocated to a rear panel, female BNC connector.

6. Mod On/Off Key

This hardkey toggles all modulation signals on and off . Although you can set up and enable various modulation states, the RF carrier is not modulated until annunciator is always turned on in the display to indicate whether modulation is turned on or off.

Mod On/Off is set to On. An

User’s Guide 3-3

Front and Rear Panel ESG Family Signal Generators Front Panel Overview

7. RF OUTPUT Connector

This female Type-N connector is the output connector for RF signals. The source impedance is 50Ω. The damage levels are 50 Vdc, 50 W at ≤2 GHz, and 25 W at > 2 GHz maximum. The reverse power protection circuit will trip, however, at nominally 1 watt. If you configure your signal generator with Option 1EM, this output is relocated to a rear panel, female Type-N connector.

8. RF On/Off Key

This hardkey toggles the RF signal on and off at the RF OUTPUT connector. An annunciator is always turned on in the display to indicate whether RF is turned on or off.

9. Numeric Keypad

The numeric keypad consists of the digit keys (0 through 9), a decimal point key, and a backspace key, . The backspace key has dual functions for both backspacing and for changing the sign of a value between positive and negative. Use these keys whenever the active function requires a value input.

10. Arrow Keys

The up and down arrow keys increase or decrease a numeric value. You can also use these keys to scroll through displayed lists to select items. The left and right arrow keys choose the highlighted digit in the active function displa y; that digit can be modified by the up and down arrow keys or the knob. You can also use these keys in a list to select items in a row.

11. Return Key

The Return key canc els the current active fu nction and moves you from your current softkey menu to the softkey menu that precedes it. It will back up through the menus of the current hardkey until you reach the first menu of that key.

12. Display Contrast Decrease Key

Press this key and hold it down to cause the display background to darken in comparison to the text on the display.

13. Display Contrast Increase Key

Press this key and hold it down to c ause the displ a y bac kground to bright en in compar ison to the text on the display.

14. Local Key

Press this key to return the signal generator to local (front panel) control from remote operation.

15. Preset Key

Press this key to set the signal gene rator t o a known sta te (eit her the fact ory- defined state or a user-defined state).

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User’s Guide

ESG Family Signal Generators Front and Rear Panel

Front Panel Overview

16. Standby LED

This yellow LED lights when the instrument is in standby condition. In standby, the power switch is off but the instrument is still connected to the main power circuit by way of the power cord.

17. Line Power LED

This green LED lights when power is cycled on to the signal generator.

18. Power Switch

Press this hardkey to turn power to the signal generator either on (green LED on) or to standby (yellow LED on).

19. Q INPUT Conne ctor

This connector accepts an externally supplied, analog, quadrature-phase component of I/Q modulation. The signal level is = 0.5 V impedance is 50Ω. The damage level is 1 V on ESG-D and ESG-DP Series Signal Generators. If you configure your instrument with Option 1EM, this input is relocated to a rear panel, female BNC connector.

for a calibrated output level. The input

rms

. This female BNC connector is provided only

rms

20. I INPUT Connector

This connector accepts an externally supplied, analog, in-phase component of I/Q modulation. The signal level is = 0.5 V impedance is 50Ω. The damage level is 1 V

for a calibrated output level. The input

rms

. This female BNC connector is provided only

rms

on ESG-D and ESG-DP Series Signal Generators. If you configure your instrument with Option 1EM, this input is relocated to a rear panel, female BNC connector.

21. Display

The LCD display provides information on the current instrument st ate such as modulation status, frequency and amplitude settings, status indicators, and error messages. Softkey labels corresponding to their adjacent keys are located on the right-hand side of the display. For det ails about the display, see “Display Annotation” on page 3-8.

22. Hold Key

Press this hardkey to deactivate the currently active funct ion and blank the softkey menu.

Hold is pressed, the front panel knob, the arrow keys, and the numeric keypad have

Once no effect. To return to normal operation, press a function or menu hardkey.

23. Softkeys

Press a softkey to activate the function indicated by the corresponding label on the displa y.

24. Knob

The knob increases or decreases a numeric value. Any of the values that c an be set through the numeric keypad or the step keys can also be set by the knob.

User’s Guide 3-5

Front and Rear Panel ESG Family Signal Generators Front Panel Overview

25. Amplitude Key

Press this hardkey to activate the power level amplitude function so that you can change the amplitude of the RF output.

26. Frequency Key

Press this hardkey to activate the frequency funct ion so that you can ch ange the frequency of the RF output.

27. Save Key

This hardkey lets you save up to 100 different instrument states in a combination of 100 memory registers and 10 register sequences. The number of states you can save, however, is limited by the size of whatever else is stored in the file system.

28. Menu Keys

These hardkeys provide access to the signal generator’s primary functionality. Press these keys for access to softkey menus where you can configure modulations, step and list sweeps, and various frequency and po we r capabilities.

29. Incr Set Key

Press this hardkey to toggle betw een the current active fu nction and the increment si ze for that function. With increment size selected, you can change the current increment value.

30. Recall Key

This hardkey lets you restore any instrument state that you previously saved in a memo ry register. You can save up to 100 different instrument states in a combination of 100 memory registers and 10 register sequences. The number of states you can save, however, is limited by the size of whatever else is stored in the file system.

31. DATA Input Connector

The TTL/CMOS compatible DAT A connector accepts an externally supplied data input for digital modulation applications. The expected input is a TTL or CMOS signal where a CMOS high is equivalent to a data 1 and a CMOS low is equivalent to a data 0.

The maximum input data rate is 50 Mb/s if the user supplies the data. If the signal generator is supplying any of the data, the maximum rate is 5 Mb/s. The leading edges must be synchronous with the DATA CLOCK rising edges. The data must be valid on the DATA CLOCK falling edges. The damage levels are > +8 and < −4V.

This female BNC connector is provided on in struments with Option UN 8. It is also pre sent but not functional on instruments with Option UND. On instrument s with Option 1EM, this input is relocated to a rear panel SMB connector.

3-6

User’s Guide

ESG Family Signal Generators Front and Rear Panel

Front Panel Overview

32. DATA CLOCK Input Connector

The TTL/CMOS compatible DATA CLOCK connector accepts an externally supplied data-clock input for digit al modulation ap plications . The expe cted input is a TTL or CMOS signal (either bit or symbol) where the rising edge is aligned with the beginning data bit. The CMOS falling edge is used to clock the DATA and SYMBOL SYNC signals.

The maximum clock rate is 50 MHz if the user supplies the data. If the signal generator is supplying any of the data, the maximum rate is 5 MHz. The damage levels are > +8 and < −4V.

This female BNC connector is provided on in struments with Option UN8. It is also pre sent but not functional on instruments with Option UND. On instruments with Option 1EM, this input is relocated to a rear panel SMB connector.

33. SYMBOL SYNC Input Connector

The CMOS compatible SYMBOL SYNC connector accepts the digital-modulation symbol synchronization signal from an external source. This signal synchronizes the serial multi-bit symbol transmission. The expected signal may be continuous or a single, one-bit wide pulse to synchronize the first bit of the first symbol. The CMOS rising edge must be synchronous with the DATA CLOCK rising edges. Th e synchronization signal must be valid on the DATA CLOCK falling edges. The damage levels are > +8 and < −4V.

This female BNC connector is provided on in struments with Option UN8. It is also pre sent but not functional on instruments with Option UND. On instruments with Option 1EM, this input is relocated to a rear panel SMB connector.

34. PULSE IN Connector

This connector accepts an externally supplied TTL-compatible pulse signal. The pulse signal is activated with the input for this connector is ±15 volts. This female BNC connector is provided only on instruments with Option 1E6.

Fast Pulse Off On softkey or via SCPI command. The maximum

User’s Guide 3-7

Front and Rear Panel ESG Family Signal Generators Display Annotation

Display Annotation

7. Annunciators

6. Active Entry Area

5. Text Area

1. Frequency Area

4. Error Message Area

Digital Modulation

Annunciators

2. Amplitude Area

3. Softkey Labels

1. Frequency Area

The current CW frequency setting is shown in this portion of the display. Indicators are also displayed in this area when a frequency offset or multiplier is set or if frequency reference mode is turned on.

2. Amplitude Area

The current output power level setting is shown in this portion of the display. Indicators are also displayed in this area when an amplitude offset is set or if amplitude reference mode is turned on.

3. Softkey Labels

These labels define the function of the corresponding softkeys immediately to the right of the label.

4. Error Message Area

Abbreviated error messages are reported in this space. When multiple error messages occur, only the most recent message remains displayed. All of the reported error messages with details can be viewed by pressing

Utility > Error Info > View Next Error Message.

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User’s Guide

ESG Family Signal Generators Front and Rear Panel

Display Annotation

5. Text Area

This area is used to display status information about the signal generator such as the modulation status, to enter information such as creating sweep lists, and to manage information such as displaying the catalog of files and de leting unwanted files.

6. Active Entry Area

The current active function is shown in this area. For example, if frequency is the active function, the current setting will be displayed in the ac tive entry area and that setting will change as you enter a new value. If the active function has an increment value associated with it, that value is displayed here also.

7. Annunciators

The display annunciators described in the following list show the status of some of the signal generator functions, and indicate any error conditions . An annunciator positi on may be used by more than one annunciator, as with the digital modulation annunciators. This does not cause a problem, because only one of the functions, that shares a location can be active at a time.

This annunciator appears when phase modulation is turned on. A second

annunciator,

FM, will appear in the same position if frequency modulation

is turned on. Frequency modulation and phase modulation cannot be turned on at the same time, so the two annunciators will never conflict.

ALC OFF This annunciator appears when the automatic leveling control (ALC)

circuit is disabled. A second annunciator,

UNLEVEL, will appear in the same

position if the signal generator’s automatic level control is unable to maintain the output level. When the ALC is disabled, the unleveled annunciator has no meaning, so these annunciators will never conflict.

AM This annunciator appears when amplitude modulation is turned on. ARMED This annunciator appears when a sweep has been initiated and the signal

generator is waiting for the sweep trigger event.

ATTEN HOLD This annunciator appears when the att enuator hold function is turned on.

When this function is on, the attenuator is frozen at its current setting.

BERT This annunciator appears whenever the Option UN7, bit error rate test

(BERT), or Option 300, base stati on BERT e xtension, f unct ions are t urned on.

Digital Modulation Annunciators All digital modulation annunciators appear in the same position, but there

is no conflict because only one of these functions can be active at any given time.

ENVLP This annunciator appears if the burst envelope modulation is turned on.

This annunciator is present only on ESG-D and ESG-DP Series Signal Generators.

User’s Guide 3-9

Front and Rear Panel ESG Family Signal Generators Display Annotation

ERR This annunciator appears when an error message is placed in the error

queue. This annunciator will not turn off until you ha ve either viewed all of the error messages or cleared the error queue. You can view and delete error messages using the

EXT1 LO/HI This annunciator toggles between EXT1 LO and EXT1 HI. This annunciator

appears if the AC-coupled signal to the EXT 1 input is less than 0.97 V or greater than 1.03 V

EXT2 LO/HI This annunciator toggles between EXT2 LO and EXT2 HI. This annunciator

appears if the AC-coupled signal to the EXT 2 input is less than 0.97 V or greater than 1.03 V

EXT REF This annunciator appears when an external 1, 2, 5, or 10 MHz frequency

Utility menu.

reference is in use.

FM This annunciator appears when frequency modulation is turned on. A

second annunciator,

, will appear in the same position if phase modulation is turned on. Frequency modulation and phase modulation cannot be turned on at the same time, so the two annunciators will never conflict.

I/Q This annunciator appears when I/Q modulation is turned on. This

annunciator is present only on ESG-D and ESG-DP Series Signal Generators.

L The L annunciator appears when the signal generator is in the listen mod e

and receiving information or commands over the GPIB or RS-232.

MOD OFF This annunciator toggles between MOD OFF and MOD ON and is always

visible in the display. This annunciator indicates whether the modulations that you have enabled are modulating the RF carrier.

OVEN COLD This annunciator appears when the temperature of the internal ovenized

reference oscillator (ESG-AP, ESG-DP, and Option 1E5) has dropped below an acceptable level. When this annunciator is on, frequency accuracy is degraded. This condition should occur only if the signal generator is disconnected from line power. The annunciator is timed, and automatically turns off after a specified period.

PULSE This annunciator appears when pulse modulation is turned on. R The R annunciator appears when the signal generator is in remote GPIB

operation.

RF OFF This annunciator toggles between RF OFF and RF ON and is always visible

in the display. This annunciator indicates whet her the RF signal is pre sent at the RF OU TPUT connector.

S The S annunciator appears when the signal generator has generated a

service request (SRQ) over the GPIB.

SWEEP This annunciator appears when the signal generator is sweeping in list or

step mode.

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User’s Guide

ESG Family Signal Generators Front and Rear Panel

Display Annotation

The T annunciator appears when the signal generator is in the talk mode

and is transmitting information over the GPIB or RS-232.

UNLEVEL This annunciator appears when the signal generator is unable to maintain

the correct output level . The

UNLEVEL annunciator is not necessarily an

indication of instrument failure. Unleveled conditions can occur during normal operation, for example if I/Q modulation is turned on and no I/Q signals are connected. A second annunciator,

ALC OFF, will appear in the

same position when the automatic leveling control circuit is disabled. When the ALC is disabled, the

UNLEVEL annunciator has no meaning, so

these annunciators will never conflict.

UNLOCK This annunciator appears when any of t he signal generator’s phase locked

loops are unable to maintain phase lock. You can determine which loop is unlocked by interrogating the error messages .

User’s Guide 3- 11

Front and Rear Panel ESG Family Signal Generators Rear Panel Overview

Rear Panel Overview

29. 321.4 MHz IN Connector

14. COHERENT CARRIER OUT Connector

12. PATTERN TRIG IN Connector

26. BER DATA IN Connector

27. BER CLK IN Connector

16. EVENT 1 Connector

28. BER GATE IN Connector

18. BASEBAND GEN REF IN Connector

7. DATA OUT Connector

19. I OUT Connector

24. BER NO DATA Connector

25. BER SYNC LOSS Connector

20. Q OUT Connector

3. SYMBOL SYNC OUT Connector

21. BER MEAS END Connector

22. BER TEST OUT Connector

23. BER ERR OUT Connector

1. AC Power

2. GPIB

4. AUXILIARY INTERFACE Connector

5. DATA CLK OUT Connector

6. SWEEP OUT Connector

17. EVENT 2 Connector

8. TRIGGER OUT Connector

9. TRIGGER IN Connector

15. AL T PWR IN Connec-

10. 10 MHz IN Connector

11. 10 MHz OUT Connector

13. BURST GATE IN Connector

3-12

User’s Guide

ESG Family Signal Generators Front and Rear Panel

Rear Panel Overview

1. AC Power Receptacle

The power cord receptacle accepts a three-pronged cable that is shipped with the instrument. The line voltage is connected here.

2. GPIB Connector

The GPIB connector allows communications with compatible devices such as external controllers. It is functionally equivalent to the AUXILIARY INTERFAC E connector.

3. SYMBOL SYNC OUT Connector

The TTL/CMOS compatible SYMBOL SYNC OUT connector outputs a symbol synchronization pulse, one data clock period wide, for use in digital modulation applications. The pulse output is synchronize d with the first symbol i n the internal pat tern generator sequence. The damage level s are > +8 and <−4 V. This female BNC connector is provided only on instruments with Option UND or UN8. If you configure your instrument with Option 1EM , this output is changed from a BNC to an SMB connector. With Option 201 you can select from several different output signals for this connector.

4. AUXILIARY INTERFACE Connector

This male DB-9 connector is an RS-232 serial port that can be used for controlling the signal generator remotely. It is functionally equivalent to the GPIB connector. The following table shows the description of the pinouts.

Pin Number Signal Description Signal Name

1 No Connection 2 Receive Data RECV 3 Transmit Data XMIT 4+5 V 5 Ground, 0 V 6 No Connection 7 Request to Send RTS 8 Clear to Send CTS 9 No Connection

User’s Guide 3- 13

Front and Rear Panel ESG Family Signal Generators Rear Panel Overview

5. DATA CLK OUT Connector

The DATA CLK OUT connector outputs a clock signal for digital modulation data. The output signal level is TTL or CMOS with the rising edge aligned with the beginning of the data bit and the falling edge occurring when the data and symbol synchronization signal are valid. The damage levels are > +8 and <−4 V. This female BNC connector is provided only on instruments with Option UND or UN8. If you configure your instrument with Option 1EM, this output is changed from a BNC to an SMB connector. With Option 201 you can select from several different output signals for this connector.

6. SWEEP OUT Connector

This female BNC connector provides a voltage range of 0 to +10 V. When the signal generator is sweeping, the SWEEP OUT signal ranges from 0 V at the beginning of the sweep to +10 V at the end of the sweep regardless of the sweep width. In CW mode this connector has no output. The output impedance is less than 1Ω and can drive 2 k

Ω.

7. DATA OUT Connector

The DATA OUT connector outputs digital modulation data sourced from an externally supplied signal at the DATA input or from the internal pattern generator. The output signal level is a TTL or CMOS signal where a CMOS high is equivalent to a data 1 and a CMOS low is equivalent to a data 0. This female BNC connector is provided only on instruments with Option UND or UN8. If you configure your instrument with Option 1EM, this output is changed from a BNC to an SMB connector. With Option 201 you can select from several different output signals for this connect or.

8. TRIGGER OUT Connector

This female BNC connector outputs a TTL signal that is asserted high at the start of a dwell sequence, or at the start of waiting for the point trigger in manual sweep mode, and low when the dwell is over, or when the point trigger is received, or once per sweep during an LF sweep. The logic polarity can be reversed.

9. TRIGGER IN Connector

This female BNC connector accepts a TTL signal for triggering operations, such as point-to-point in manual sweep mode or an LF sweep in external sweep mode. Triggering can occur on either the positive or negative edge. The damage level is ≥+10 V or ≤−4V.

10. 10 MHz IN Connector

This female BNC connector accepts a −3.5 to +20 dBm signal from an external timebase reference that is within ±10 ppm (standard timebase) or ±1 ppm (high stability timebase). The nominal input impedance is 50Ω. The signal generator detects when a valid reference signal is present at this connector and automatically switches from intern al to external reference operation.

11. 10 MHz OUT Connector

This female BNC connector provides a nominal signal level of +7 dBm ±2 dB, and an output impedance of 50Ω. The accuracy is determined by the timebase used.

3-14

User’s Guide

ESG Family Signal Generators Front and Rear Panel

Rear Panel Overview

12. PATTERN TRIG IN Connector

This input can accept either a TTL/CMOS low to TTL/CMOS high or TTL/CMOS high to TTL/CMOS low edge trigger. The minimum trigger input pulse width, high or low, is 100 ns. The damage levels are > +8 and <−4 V. This female BNC connector is provided only on instruments with Option UN8 or UND. If you configure your instrument with Option 1EM, this input is changed from a BNC to an SMB connector.

With Option UN8 turned on, the input to the PATTERN TRIG IN connector is used to trigger the internal digital modulation pattern generator to start a single pattern output or to stop and re-synchronize a pattern that is being continuously output. The trigger edge is latched and then sampled by the falling edge of the internal data bit clock to synchronize the trigger with the data bit cloc k timing. The minimum delay from the trigger edge to the first bit of the frame is 1.5 to 2.5 bit clock periods . For more information on pattern

triggering, refer to the “Operation” chapters in the user’s and programming guides. With Option UND turned on, this connector is the source for the external trigger for all of

the ARB waveform generator triggers. With Option 201 this connector is used for system reset trigger input.

13. BURST GATE IN Connector

The BURST GATE IN connector accepts a TTL or CMOS signal for gating burst power in digital modulation applications. The burst gating is used when you are externally supplying data and clock information. The input signal must be synchronized with the external data input that will be output during the burst. The burst power envelope and modulated data are internally delayed and re-synchronized. The input signal must be CMOS high for normal burst RF power or CW RF output power and CMOS low for RF off. The leading edges must be synchronous with the DATA CLOCK rising edges. The signal level must be valid on the DATA CLOCK falling edge. The damage levels are > +8 and <−4 V. This female BNC connector is provided only on instruments with Option UND or UN8. If you configure your instrument with Option 1EM, this output is changed from a BNC to an SMB connector. With Option 201 this connector is used for even second synchronization input.

14. COHERENT CARRIER OUT Connector

This connector outputs RF that is no t modula ted with AM, p ulse , or I/ Q modulation, but is modulated with FM or ΦM. The output power is nominally 0 dBm ±5 dB. The output frequency range is from 249.99900001 MHz to the maximum specified frequency of your signal generator. If the RF output frequency is below this range, the COHERENT CARRIER OUT signal will have the following frequency: Frequency of coherent carrier = (1E9 − Frequency of RF o utp ut) in Hz. The damage levels ar e 20 Vdc and 13 dBm reverse RF power. This SMA connector is present only on ESG-D and ESG-DP Series Signal Generators.

15. ALT PWR IN Connector

This BNC connector accepts a CMOS signal for synchronization of external dat a and alternate power signal timing. Damage levels are > +8 V and < −4 V. This connector is active only with Options UNA or 201. With Option 201 this connector is used for Long Code State Latch strobe input.

User’s Guide 3- 15

Front and Rear Panel ESG Family Signal Generators Rear Panel Overview

16. EVENT 1 Connector

With Option UN8 turned on, this TTL/CMOS compatible connector outputs a pulse that can be used to trigger the start of a data pattern, frame, or timeslot. It is adjustable to within plus or minus one timeslot with one bit of resolution. With Option UN5 turned on (Option UN5 requires Option UND hardware), an eve n second output is generated. A marker is output every two seconds indicating the beginning of each short code sequence for use in synchronizing CDMA analysis instruments.

With Option UND turned on, there is a marker on/off condition associated with each waveform point. A marker (TTL high when positive polar ity is selected; TTL low when negative polarity is selected) is output on the EVENT 1 connector whenever a Marker 1 is turned on in the waveform. (Markers are automatically turned on whenever you set them in a waveform segment. When you combine w aveform segments that cont ain Marker 1 into a sequence, the markers are automaticall y turned off until you toggle them on in either the Edit Selected Waveform Sequence menu or in the Build New Waveform Sequence menu.)

The damage levels for this connector are > +8 V and <−4V. This female BNC connector is provided only on instruments with Option UN8 or UND. If you configure your instrument with Option 1EM, this output is changed from a BNC to an SMB connector. With Option 201 you can select from several different output signals for this connector.

17. EVENT 2 Connector

With Option UN8 turned on, this TTL/CMOS compatible connector outputs a data enable signal for gating external equipment. The output is applicable when the external data is clocked into internally generated time slots. Data is enabled when the signal is low. With Option UN5 turned on (Option UN5 requires Option UND hardwar e), a marker is output on the EVENT 2 connector every 26.67 milliseconds, corresponding to the start of each short code.

With Option UND turned on, there is a marker on/off condition associated with each waveform point. A marker (TTL high when positive polar ity is selected; TTL low when negative polarity is selected) is output on the EVENT 2 connector whenever a Marker 2 is turned on in the waveform. (Markers are automatically turned on whenever you set them in a waveform segment. When you combine w aveform segments that cont ain Marker 2 into a sequence, the markers are automaticall y turned off until you toggle them on in either the Edit Selected Waveform Sequence menu or in the Build New Waveform Sequence menu.)

The damage levels are > +8V and < −4V. This female BNC connector is provided only on instruments with Option UN8 or UND. On instruments with Option 1EM, this output is changed from a BNC to an SMB connector. With Option 201 this connector is used for system reset output.

3-16

User’s Guide

ESG Family Signal Generators Front and Rear Panel

Rear Panel Overview

18. BASEBAND GEN REF IN Connector

With Option UN8 enabled, the BASEBAND GEN REF IN connector accepts a 0 to +20 dBm sinewave or TTL squarewave signal from an external 13 MHz timebase reference. This digital modula tion reference cl ock is used by the internal pattern generator in GSM applications (only the internal digital data gener ator can be lo cked t o this exter nal reference; the RF frequency remains locked to the 10 MHz reference) . The nomina l in put impedance is 50Ω at 13 MHz, AC-coupled.

With Option UND enabled, this connector accepts a TTL or > −10 dBm sinewave external reference at rates from 250 kHz through 20 MHz. The internal clock for the arbitr ary waveform generato r is lock ed to this signal when exte rnal re ference is selected in the ARB setup. The minimum pulse width must be > 10 ns . The da mage levels are > +8V and <−8V.

This female BNC connector is provided only on instruments with Options UND or UN8. On instruments with Option 1EM, this output is changed from a BNC to an SMB connector.

19. I OUT Connector

The I OUT connector outputs the analog, in-phase component of I/Q modulation from the internal baseband generator. The nominal output impedance of this connector is 50Ω, DC-coupled. The damage levels are > +2 V and <−2 V. The DC origin offset is typically < 10 mV. The output signal levels into a 50Ω load are as follows:

• 0.5 V

• 0.69 V

, typical, corresponds to one unit length of the I/Q vector.

(2.84 dB), typical, maximum crest factor for peaks for π/4 DQPSK with

alpha = 0.5.

• 0.71 V

(3.08 dB), typical, maximum crest factor for peaks for π/4 DQPSK with

alpha = 0.35.

• Typically 1 V

maximum (Option UND only).

p-p

This female BNC connector is provided only on instruments with Option UND or UN8. If you configure your instrument with Option 1EM, this output is relocat ed from a BNC to an SMB connector.

User’s Guide 3- 17

Front and Rear Panel ESG Family Signal Generators Rear Panel Overview

20. Q OUT Connector

The Q OUT connector outputs the analog, quadrature-phase component of I/Q modulation from the internal baseband generator. The nominal output impedance of this connector is 50Ω, DC-coupled. The damage levels are > +2 V and <−2 V. The DC origin offset is typically < 10 mV. The output signal levels into a 50Ω load are as follows:

• 0.5 V

• 0.69 V

, typical, corresponds to one unit length of the I/Q vector.

(2.84 dB), typical, maximum crest factor for peaks for π/4 DQPSK with

alpha = 0.5.

• 0.71 V

(3.08 dB), typical, maximum crest factor for peaks for π/4 DQPSK with

alpha = 0.35.

• Typically 1 V

maximum (Option UND only).

p-p

This female BNC connector is provided only on instruments with Option UND or UN8. If you configure your instrument with Option 1EM, this output is relocat ed from a BNC to an SMB connector.

21. BER MEAS END Connector

The BER MEAS END connector outputs a signal that indicates the status of the bit-error-rate (BER) measurements. BER measurements are being executed when the signal is high. The damage levels are > +8 and <−4 V. This female SMB connector is provided only on instruments with Option UN7.

22. BER TEST OUT Connector

The BER TEST OUT connector outputs a signal that indicates the test result of the pass/fail judgement of the bit-error-rate measurements. The result is guaranteed at the falling edge of the signal of the MEAS END connector. The result is pass when the signal is low; the result is fail when the signal is high. The signal is also high when the pass/fail judgement is set to off. The d amage levels are > +8 and <−4 V. This female SMB connector is provided only on instruments with Option UN7.

23. BER ERR OUT Co nnector

The output of the BER ERR OUT connector is normally low. When the maximum data rate mode is set to 2 Mbps, the BER ERR OUT connector outputs pulse signals that indicate errors. One pulse with a width of about 80 ns indicates one error bit. Pulses indicating errors are asynchronous to the BER CLK IN and are only valid during BER measurements (when BER MEAS END is high). The damage levels are > +8 and < −4 V. This female SMB connector is provided only on instruments with Option UN7.

24. BER NO DATA Connector

The BER NO DATA connector outputs a signal that indicates the no data status. The no data status is reported when there has been no clock input for more than 3 seconds or there has been no data change for more than 200 bits. This signal is valid only when the signal of the BER MEAS END connector is high. No data status is detected when the signal is low. The damage levels are > +8 and < −4 V. This female SMB connector is provided only on instruments with Option UN7.

3-18

User’s Guide

ESG Family Signal Generators Front and Rear Panel

Rear Panel Overview

25. BER SYNC LOSS Connector

The BER SYNC LOSS connector outputs a signal that indicates the synchronization loss state. This signal is only valid when the signal of the BER MEAS END connector is high. Synchronization loss state is detected when the signal is low. The damage levels are > +8 and <−4 V. This female SMB connector is provided only on instruments with Option UN7.

26. BER DATA IN Connector

Use this connector to input the data streams for the bit-error-rate measurements. The rising (positive) or falling (negative) edge of the BER CLK IN signal (selected by the softkey or the GPIB command) is used to trigger the reading of the data. The damage levels are > +8 and <−4 V. This connector must be terminated with a TTL-compatible high impedance or 75Ω load. If you configure your instrument with Option 1EM, this input is changed from a BNC to an SMB connector. This female BNC connector is provided only on instruments with Option UN7.

27. BER CLK IN Connector

Use this connector to input the clock signal for the bit-error -rate measurements. The ri sing (positive) or falling (negative) edge of the signal (selected either by softkey or GPIB command) causes data on the BER DATA IN connector to be sampled. The damage levels are > +8 and <−4 V. This connector must be terminated with a TTL-compatible high impedance or 75Ω load. If your instrument is configured with Option 1EM, this input changes from a BNC to an SMB connector. This female BNC connector is provided only on instruments with Option UN7.

28. BER GATE IN Connector

Use this connector to input the clock gate signal for the bit-error-rate measureme n ts. The clock signal to the BER CLK IN connector is valid only when the signal to this connector is a high or low, depending on your softkey selection or GPIB command. The damage levels are > +8 and <−4 V. This connector must be terminated with a TTL-compatible high impedance or 75Ω load. This connector can be enabled or disabled by a softkey or an GPIB command. This female BNC connector is provided only on instruments with Option UN7.

29. 321.4 MHz IN Connect o r

Use this connector to input a downconverted 321.4 MHz GSM signal for base transceiver station (BTS) loopback measurements. This female SMB connector is present only on instruments with Option 300.

User’s Guide 3- 19

Front and Rear Panel ESG Family Signal Generators Rear Panel Overview

3-20

User’s Guide

ESG Family Signal Generators

4Hardkey and Softkey Reference

This chapter describes each front panel hardkey and each softke y associat ed with the hardkey as well as the default value for each key. The chapter is organized alphabetically by front panel hardkey.

User’s Guide 4-1

Hardkey and Softkey Reference ESG Family Signal Generators AM

Pressing the front panel AM key reveals a menu of softkeys. These softkeys are described in this section in alphabetical order.

AM Depth

This softkey sets the amplitude modulation depth, in percent, for the

AM Path 1 and AM Path 2 configurations. To change the value of the AM

depth, press the softkey once. The current value for AM depth is displayed in the active en try area. To enter a new value, rotate the front panel knob until the desired value is displayed, use the up and down arrow keys, or enter the value using the numeric keypad and press the

% terminator softkey. The range of values allowed is 0.1 to 100%. The

minimum increment allowed is 0.1%. Notice that the new value of AM depth applies only to whichever AM path configuration (

AM Path 2) you have currently selected.

Default Value: 0.1% Softkey Location: Or: AM > AM Waveform > Dual-Sine > AM Depth

AM Depth Couple Off On

This softkey toggles the AM depth coupling on and off. AM depth coupling links the AM depth values of AM Path 1 and AM Path 2. When the values are coupled, any change you make to one AM depth value is applied to both AM depth values.

AM Path 1 or

AM > AM Depth

Default Value: Off Softkey Location:

4-2 User’s Guide

AM > AM Depth Couple Off On

ESG Family Signal Generators Hardkey and Softkey Reference

AM Off On

This softkey enables the amplitude modulation for whichever AM path configuration you have selected,

case of a digitally equipped model. Notice, however, that although you can

enable amplitude modulation with this softkey, the RF carrier is modulated by the enabled modulation only when you have also set

On/Off to On. Whenever amplitude modulation is enabled, the AM

annunciator is turned on in the display. There are two paths for AM modulation which can be simultaneously

enabled as long as they use different sources (Int, Ext1, or Ext2). The modulation signals from both paths are summed internally for composite modulation.

Default Value: Off

AM Path 1, A M Path 2, or AM Path WB, in the

Mod

Softkey Location:

AM > AM Off On

AM Path 1 2 WB

NOTE F or the ESG-A and ESG-AP seri es, this softkey is AM Path 1 2. W ideb and

AM is not available on the ESG-A and ESG-AP series.

AM Path 1 and AM Path 2 to define two unique amplitude modulation

Use configurations. For example, select after a normal preset. If

Path 1 2 WB

softkey until the selection toggles to AM Path 1.) Configure the

AM Path 1 is not highlighted, press the AM

modulation characteristics (such as depth, source, rate, and waveform) using the remaining softkeys in the AM menu. Then enable AM by setting

AM Off On to On.

To configure a second amplitude modulation configuration, toggle to

AM Path 2. Define the modulation characteristics for this second

configuration and enable AM by setting The RF carrier is available at the RF OUTPUT connector when you set

RF On/Off to On. Set Mod On/Off to On to modulate the RF carrier with the

modulations that you have enabled.

AM Path 1 and AM Path 2 are summed internally for compo site modulation.

Either path can be switched to any one of the modulation sources: Int, Ext1, or Ext2. All modulation types can be simultaneously enabled, except FM with ΦM, AM with external burst sou rce, and wideband AM with I/Q. AM, FM, and ΦM can sum simultaneous inputs from any two sources (Int, Ext1, and Ext2). Any given source (Int, Ext1, or Ext2) can only be routed to one activated modulation type.

AM Path 1. (AM Path 1 is the default

AM Off On to On.

User’s Guide 4-3

Hardkey and Softkey Reference ESG Family Signal Generators AM

The wideband AM selection (AM Path WB) eliminates the bandwidth limitations of the ALC loop thereby increasing the bandwidth beyond that of the standard amplitude modulation. Typical rates for wideband AM are listed in the technical spec ifications document. When you select

AM Path WB in the AM menu, you must apply your modulating signal to

the I input. The sensitivity is 0.5 V = 100% AM depth. With

AM Path WB

selected, the modulated RF signal will be available at the RF OUTPUT connector when you turn on both

Mod On/Off and RF On/Off.

Default Value: AM Path 1

AM Rate

AM Source

Softkey Location:

AM > AM Path 1 2 WB

Use this softkey to change the internal modulation frequenc y for the

AM Path 1 and AM Path 2 configurations. To change the value, press the

softkey once. The current value for AM rate is displayed in the active entry area. To enter a new value, rotate the front panel knob until the desired value is displayed, use the up and down arrow keys, or enter the value using the numeric keypad and press the

Hz or kHz terminator

softkey. The range of values allowed is 0.1 Hz to 10 kHz. (0.1 Hz to 50 kHz is the range allowed if sinewave is selected as the internal waveform.) The minimum increment a llowed is 0.1 Hz. Notice that the new value of AM rate applies only to whichever AM configuration

AM Path 1 or A M Path 2) you have currently selected.

( Default Value: 400 Hz Softkey Location:

AM > AM Rate

Pressing this softkey reveals a menu of choices for amplitude modulation sources. You can choose internally-generated amplitude modulation or select an externally-applied signal from either the EXT 1 INPUT or EXT 2 INPUT connectors. The internal modulation is always AC-coupled. For the externally-applied signals, you can choose between AC- and DC-coupled modulation. A 1.0 Vpk input is required for calibrated AM depth settings. The

EXT 1 LO/HI and EXT 2 LO/HI

display annunciators will turn on if the peak input voltage diff ers from

1.0 Vpk by more than 3%. (The LO/HI annunciators only function for AC-coupled external inputs .)

The internal and external 1 and 2 sources have multiple uses. You can use them for amplitude, frequency, and phase modulation. Fo r burst modulation, you can only use the external 1 source and you must use the external 2 source for pulse modulation. However, any given source can only be routed to one enable d modulation at a time. If, for example, you were using the external 1 source in a frequency modulation configuration for

4-4 User’s Guide

FM Path 1, and then you configured AM Path 2 to also use

ESG Family Signal Generators Hardkey and Softkey Reference

the external 1 source, the signal generator would turn off FM Path 1 and assign the external 1 source to your

AM Path 2 configuration. Notice that

for these purposes the external 1 AC-coupled source is the same as the external 1 DC-coupled source and the external 2 AC-coupled source is the same as the external 2 DC-coupled source.

Default Value: Internal

AM Start Rate

AM Stop Rate

Softkey Location:

AM > AM Source

Use this softkey to change the starting internal modulation frequency for swept-sine amplitude modulation. To change the value, press the softkey once. The current value for the AM start r ate is displa yed in t he active entry area. To enter a new value, rotate the front panel knob until the desired value is displayed , use the up and down arrow keys , or enter the value using the numeric keypad and press the

Hz or kHz

terminator softkey. The range of values allowed is 0.1 Hz to 50 kHz. The minimum increment allowed is 0.1 Hz.

This softkey is coupled to the and the for

AM Tone 1 Rate softkey in the AM Dual-Sine Menu. Any value set

AM Start Rate is reflected in the AM Rate and AM Tone 1 Rate softkeys.

Conversely, if you change the value for either the

AM Tone 1 Rate softkey, the value for AM Start Rate is changed to match.

AM Rate softkey in the initial AM Menu

AM Rate softkey or the

Default Value: 400.0 Hz Softkey Location:

AM > AM Waveform > Swept-Sine > AM Start Rate

Use this softkey to change the ending internal modulation f requency for swept-sine amplitude modulation. To change the value, press the softkey once. The current value for the AM stop rate is displayed in the active entry area. To enter a new value, rotate the front panel knob until the desired value is displayed , use the up and down arrow keys , or enter the value using the numeric keypad and press the

Hz or kHz

terminator softkey. The range of values allowed is 0.1 Hz to 50 kHz. The minimum increment allowed is 0.1 Hz.

This softkey is coupled to the Menu. Any value set for softkey. Conversely, if you change the value for the softkey, the value for

AM Stop Rate is changed to match.

AM To ne 2 Rate softkey in the AM Dual-Sine

AM Stop Rate is reflected in the AM Tone 2 Rate

AM T one 2 Rate

Default Value: 400.0 Hz Softkey Location:

User’s Guide 4-5

AM >AM Waveform > Swept-Sine > AM Stop Rate

Hardkey and Softkey Reference ESG Family Signal Generators AM

AM Sweep Time

Sets the sweep time for swept-sine amplitude modulation. The signal generator will var y th e AM r ate from the sp ecified star t rate t o the stop rate in the time set with this softkey. Enter the desired sweep time using the up and down arrow keys, the front panel knob, or enter a value using the numeric keypad and press the softkey. The range of values allowed is 1 ms through 65.535 s. The minimum increment allowed is 1 ms.

Default Value: 100.0 msec

sec or msec terminator

Softkey Location:

AM Sweep Trigger

Reveals a menu of choices for triggering swept-sine amplitude modulation. You can choose triggering that occurs immediately, triggering that is supplied by the GPIB, triggering on either the positive or negative edge of a signal supplied to the TRIGGER IN connector, or triggering by the front panel

Default Value: Immediate Softkey Location:

AM Tone 1 Rate

Sets the internal modulation frequency for the AM tone 1. Enter the desired rate using the up and down arr ow keys, the front panel knob , or enter a value using the numeric keypad and press the terminator softkey. The range of values allowed is 0.1 Hz through 50 kHz. The minimum increment allowed is 0.1 Hz.

This softkey is coupled to the and the

AM Tone 1 Rate is reflected in the AM Rate and AM Start Rate softkeys.

for Conversely, if you change the value for either the

AM Start Rate softkey, the value for AM Tone 1 Rate is changed to match.

AM > AM Waveform > Swept-Sine > AM Sweep Time

Trigger key.

AM > AM Waveform > Swept-Sine > AM Sweep Trigger

kHz or Hz

AM Rate softkey in the initial AM Menu

AM Start Rate softkey in the AM Swept-Sine Menu. Any value set

AM Rate softkey or the

Default Value: 400.0 Hz Softkey Location:

4-6 User’s Guide

AM > AM Waveform > Dual-Sine > AM Tone 1 Rate

ESG Family Signal Generators Hardkey and Softkey Reference

AM Tone 2 Ampl Percent Of Peak

For example, if the Tone 2 amplitude is 0%, then there would be no amplitude for T one 2; all of the signal strength would be present in Tone

AM Tone 2 Ampl Percent Of Peak is set to 50%, then Tone 2 and Tone 1

1. If would have equal amplitudes, or half of the amplitude of both tones combined.

Default Value: 50.0% Softkey Location:

AM Tone 2 Ampl Percent Of Peak

AM Tone 2 Rate

Press this softkey to set the internal modulation frequency for the AM tone 2. Enter the desired rate using the up and down arrow keys, the front panel knob, or enter a value using the numeric keypad and press the through 50 kHz. The minimum increment allowed is 0.1 Hz.

This softkey is coupled to the and the for Conversely, if you change the value for either the

AM Stop Rate softkey, the value for AM Tone 2 Rate is changed to match.

Default Value: 400.0 Hz Softkey Location:

AM Waveform

Pressing this softkey reveals a menu of AM waveform choices for your

AM Path 1 and AM Path 2 configurations. Select from sine , triangle , square ,

ramp, noise, dual-sine, and swept-sine waveforms. Notice that your waveform selection applies only to whichever AM path configuration you have currently selected.

AM > AM Waveform > Dual-Sine >

kHz or Hz terminator softkey. The range of values allowed is 0.1 Hz

AM Rate softkey in the initial AM Menu

AM Stop Rate softkey in the AM Swept-Sine Menu. Any value set

AM Tone 2 Rate is reflected in the AM Rate and AM Stop Rate softkeys.

AM Rate softkey or the

AM > AM Waveform > Dual-Sine > AM Tone 2 Rate

Default Value: Sine Softkey Location:

AM > AM Waveform

Bus

This softkey is one of the choices in the AM Sweep Trigger menu. With

Bus selected, you use the GPIB to trigger single sweeps of swept-sine

amplitude modulation. Softkey Location:

User’s Guide 4-7

AM > AM Waveform > Swept-Sine > AM Sweep Trigger > Bus

Hardkey and Softkey Reference ESG Family Signal Generators AM

Dual-Sine

Reveals a menu of choices for setting the dual-sine amplitude modulation parameters. In this menu you can set the AM rates for two separate tones. In addition, you can set the AM depth for

AM Path 2 and also set a ratio of the tone 2 AM depth to the tone 1 AM

depth.

AM Path 1 and

Softkey Location:

Ext

Being one of the choices in the AM Sweep Trigger menu, choosing Ext allows you to trigger swept-sine amplitude modulation using the signal applied to the TRIGGER IN rear panel connector . Set the polari ty of the trigger signal using the

Softkey Location:

Ext 1 AC-Coupled

Inputs an external, AC-coupled, amplitude modulation signal to the EXT 1 INPUT connector. The modulation signal is tested for voltage and a display annunciator will report a high or low condition if the voltage is >±3% of 1 Vpk.

The external 1 input has multiple uses but can be used for only one modulation at a time. If, for example, you were using the external 1 input in a frequency modulation configuration for you configured generator would turn off your external 1 AC-coupled input is the same as the external 1 DC-coupled input.)

AM > AM Waveform > Dual-Sine

Trigger In Polarity Neg Pos softkey.

AM > AM Waveform > Swept-Sine > AM Sweep Trigger > Ext

FM Path 1, and then

AM Path 2 to also use the external 1 input, the signal

FM Path 1 and assign the external 1 input to

AM Path 2 configuration. (For the purpose of this discussion, the

Softkey Location:

AM > AM Source > Ext 1 AC-Coupled

Ext 1 DC-Coupled

Inputs an external, DC-coupled, amplitude modulation signal to the EXT 1 INPUT connector.

AM Path 2 configuration. (For the purpose of this discussion, the

your

AM Path 2 to also use the external 1 input, the signal

FM Path 1 and assign the external 1 input to

external 1 AC-coupled input is the same as the external 1 DC-coupled input.)

Softkey Location:

4-8 User’s Guide

AM > AM Source > Ext 1 DC-Coupled

FM Path 1, and then

ESG Family Signal Generators Hardkey and Softkey Reference

Ext 2 AC-Coupled

This softkey lets you input an external, AC-coupled, amplitude modulation signal to the EXT 2 INPUT connector. The modulation signal is tested for voltage and a display annunciator will report a high or low condition if the voltage is >±3% of 1 Vpk.

The external 2 input has multiple uses, but can be used for only one modulation at a time. If, for example, you were using the external 2 input in a frequency modulation configuration for you configured generator would turn off

AM Path 2 configuration. (For the purpose of this discussion, the

your

AM Path 2 to also use the external 2 input, the signal

FM Path 1 and assign the external 2 input to

external 2 AC-coupled input is the same as the external 2 DC-coupled input.)

FM Path 1, and then

Softkey Location:

Ext 2 DC-Coupled

This softkey lets you input an external, DC-coupled, amplitude modulation signal to the EXT 2 INPUT connector.

The external 2 input has multiple uses but can be used for only one modulation at a time. If, for example, you were using the external 2 input in a frequency modulation configuration for you configured generator would turn off your external 2 AC-coupled input is the same as the external 2 DC-coupled input.)

Softkey Location:

Immediate

This softkey is one of the choices in the AM Sweep Trigger menu. Choosing modulation in a continuous mode. To stop the sweep, choose a different trigger such as

Swept-Sine.

AM > AM Source > Ext 2 AC-Coupled

FM Path 1, and then

AM Path 2 to also use the external 2 input, the signal

FM Path 1 and assign the external 2 input to

AM Path 2 configuration. (For the purpose of this discussion, the

AM > AM Source > Ext 2 DC-Coupled

Immediate immediately triggers swept-sine amplitude

Ext, or set the waveform to something other than

Softkey Location:

Immediate

User’s Guide 4-9

AM >AM Waveform > Swept-Sine > AM Sweep Trigger >

Hardkey and Softkey Reference ESG Family Signal Generators AM

Internal

This softkey lets you connect an internally-generated, calibrated signal to the AM modulator. The default state of the internal waveform generator is a 400 Hz sinewave with 0.1% depth.

The internal source has multiple uses but can be used for only one modulation at a time. If, for example, you were using the internal source in a frequency modulation configuration for you configured generator would turn off

AM Path 2 configuration.

AM Path 2 to also use the internal source, the signal

FM Path 1 and assign the internal source to your

FM Path 1, and the n

Noise

Ramp

Sine

Softkey Location:

AM > AM Source > Internal

This softkey lets you specify noise as the amplitude modulation waveform for the

AM Path 1 and AM Path 2 configurations. Notice that the

selected waveform app lies only to whichever AM p ath configuration you have currently selected.

Softkey Location:

AM > AM Waveform > Noise

This softkey lets you specify ramp as the amplitude modulation waveform for the

AM Path 1 and AM Path 2 configurations. Notice that the

selected waveform app lies only to whichever AM p ath configuration you have currently selected.

Softkey Location:

AM > AM Waveform > Ramp

This softkey lets you specify sine as the amplitude modulation waveform for the

AM Path 1 and AM Path 2 configurations. Notice that the

selected waveform app lies only to whichever AM p ath configuration you have currently selected.

Softkey Location:

AM > AM Waveform > Sine

Square

This softkey lets you specify square as the amplitude modulation waveform for the selected waveform app lies only to whichever AM p ath configuration you have currently selected.

Softkey Location:

4-10 User’s Guide

AM Path 1 and AM Path 2 configurations. Notice that the

AM > AM Waveform > Square

ESG Family Signal Generators Hardkey and Softkey Reference

Swept-Sine

Pressing this softkey reveals a menu of choices for setting the swept-sine amplitude modulation parameters . In this menu you can set the start and stop AM rate and the sweep time. You can set the signal generator to a single, externally- triggered swee p on e ither a negati ve or positive TTL level or you can choose continuous sweep, triggered immediately. In this menu you can also select either a positive or negative polarity for the TRIGGER OUT signal.

Softkey Location:

AM > AM Waveform > Swept-Sine

Triangle

This softkey lets you specify triangle as the amplitude modulation waveform for the

AM Path 1 and AM Path 2 configurations. Notice that the

selected waveform app lies only to whichever AM p ath configuration you have currently selected.

Softkey Location:

AM > AM Waveform > Triangle

Trigger In Polarity Neg Pos

Press this softkey to toggle between a negative TTL level trigger (0 V) and a positive TTL level trigger (+5 V) for externally triggering swept-sine amplitude modulation.

This softkey is coupled to the swept-sine FM, ΦM, and LF Out, and to the trigger selections in the Sweep/List Menu. If you set the

Trigger In Polarity Neg Pos softkey in the AM Swept-Sine Menu to Neg, the Trigger In Polarity Neg Pos softkey is also set to Neg for swep t- sin e F M,

and LF Out. In addition, if the step or list sweep is set to externally trigger, the selection will automatically be set to softkeys will toggle to AM Menu.

Trigger In Polarity Neg Pos so ftkey for

Ext Neg and Ext Pos sweep

Ext Neg. The same

Pos or to Ext Pos if you select Pos in the Swept-Sine

Conversely, if the

Trigger In Slope Neg Pos softkey is toggled in the

swept-sine FM, ΦM, or LF Out menus, it will cause the swept-sine AM softkey to toggle also. This is also true fo r the

Ext Neg and Ext Pos step or

list sweep trigger selections. Default Value: Pos Softkey Location:

T rig ger In Polarity Neg Pos

User’s Guide 4- 11

AM > AM Waveform > Swept-Sine >

Hardkey and Softkey Reference ESG Family Signal Generators AM

Trigger Key

This softkey is one of the choices in the AM Sweep Trigger menu. With

Trigger Key selected, when you press the Trigger front panel key you

immediately trigger a single sweep of swept-sine amplitude modulation.

Trigger key has autorepeat capability. Hold it down and you will

The repeatedly trigger sweeps until you release the key.

Softkey Location:

T r igger Key

AM > AM Waveform > Swept-Sine > AM Sweep Trigger >

Trigger Out Polarity Neg Pos

This softkey toggles the polarity of the TTL signal that is output at the rear panel TRIGGER OUT connector. When set to swept-sine amplitude modulation sweep and low (0 V) when the sweep is concluded. Setting polarity, where a high is 0 V and a low is +5 V.

This softkey is coupled to the swept-sine FM, ΦM, and LF Out menus and the sweep/list menu. When the polarity is toggled for this softkey in any one of these menus , it affects all locations of the softkey.

Default Value: Pos Softkey Location:

T r ig ger Out Polarity Neg Pos

Pos, the output signal is asserted high (+5 V) at the start of the

AM > AM Waveform > Swept-Sine >

Trigger Out Polarity Neg Pos is

Trigger Out Polarity Neg Pos to Neg reverses the

Trigger Out Polarity Neg Pos softkey in the

4-12 User’s Guide

ESG Family Signal Generators Hardkey and Softkey Reference

Ampl

Pressing the front panel Ampl key reveals a menu of softkeys. These softkeys are described in this section in alphabetical order.

ALC BW Normal Narrow

Press this softkey to toggle between ALC normal and narrow bandwidth modes. The bandwidth is automatically set to narrow when external I/Q modulation is turned on, and automatically set to normal when I/Q modulation is turned off. Setting

Narrow limits the bandwidth to 100 Hz which can improve EVM. Narrow

bandwidth mode may, however, also slow the settling time for frequency changes to as much as 40 ms. This softkey is inactive when internal I/Q modulation is turned on.

Default Value: Normal Softkey Location:

ALC BW Normal Narrow to

Ampl > ALC BW Normal Narrow

User’s Guide 4- 13

Hardkey and Softkey Reference ESG Family Signal Generators Ampl

ALC Off On

This softkey toggles the automatic leveling control (ALC) circuit off and on.

The ALC is normally on. The RF output power of the signal generator is constantly monitored and controlled by the ALC circuit. Its purpose is to hold output power at its desired level in spite of drift due to temperature and time.

There are some modulation conditions which the ALC circuit cannot handle properly which lead to output level errors. In these conditions, better power level accuracy can be obtained by turning the ALC off and using power search. (Refer to the documented in this section for more information about power search. ) ALC Off is useful with pulse modulation with a pulse width narrower than 2 µs and with certain external I/Q modulation.

Pulse modulation is accomplished using a modulator which precedes the ALC detector. The ALC must, therefore, measure a pulsed signal, and it is able to do this if the pulse width exceeds 2 µs. For narrowe r pulses, set the

ALC softkey to Off.

Power Search Manual Auto softkey

With external I/Q modulation, the ALC loop acts to hold the signal

generator’s average output power constant, in spite of variations in the

I/Q input power (I

+ Q2). Rapid variations of (I2 + Q2) propagate to the output, while slow variations are removed by the ALC loop, with a high-pass corner of 1 kHz. If you do not want this high-pass filtering, set the

ALC Off On softkey to Off. With ALC off, the I/Q modu lation will be

DC-coupled. Using power search, power level accuracy is preserved if

2Q2

=0.5V

When ALC is off, the

NOTE An alternative to setting the ALC off is to set the ALC bandwidth to

rms

ALC OFF display annunciator will turn on.

narrow. See the ALC BW Normal Narrow softkey in the this section. Default Value: On

Softkey Location:

Ampl > ALC Off On

Alternate Amplitude (Option UNA Only)

Pressing this softkey reveals a menu used to configure the alternate amplitude function. The menu includes softkeys for configuring the alternate amplitude state (on or off), delta, triggering (internal, external, or manual), and subsequent ly, manual triggering between the main and alternate amplitudes. This softkey and its subfunctions are only available with the Alternate Timeslot Power Level Control option.

Softkey Location:

4-14 User’s Guide

Ampl > Alternate Amplitude

ESG Family Signal Generators Hardkey and Softkey Reference

Ampl

Alt Ampl Delta (Option UNA Only)

Press this softkey to set the delta value for the alternate amplitude function. The actual alternate amplitude is equal to the delta value p lus the main RF output amplitude plus the amplitude offset value minus the amplitude reference value.

Default Value: 0.00 dB Softkey Location:

Ampl > Alternate Amplitude > Alt Ampl Delta

Alt Ampl Off On (Option UNA Only)

Toggles t he operating state of t he alternate amp litude function bet ween off and on. The alternat e amp litude mode must be t urned o n in order to switch the RF output power between main and alternate amplitudes.

Default Value: Off Softkey Location:

Ampl > Alternate Amplitude > Alt Ampl Off On

Alt Ampl Trigger (Option UNA Only)

Reveals a menu of choices for the alternate amplitude trigger source. These choices include Int (internal from the baseband generat or), Ext (external source provided at the rear panel TRIGGER IN connector), and Manual (softkey-driven) triggering.

Internal triggering is mainly used during framed-data generation . Each timeslot is allowed to output power with a user-selected main or alternate amplitude . F or i nstruments without base band generators , the Int softkey will be nonfunctional.

For instruments containing baseband generators, internal triggering is automatically selected during framed data transmission with at least one activated timeslot with alternate amplitude , or during non-framed external data generation.

In cases regarding non-framed external data generation, an external trigger to the ALT PWR IN rear panel connector is required. This external trigger input is routed to the data generator for processing.

Default Value: Manual Softkey Location:

User’s Guide 4- 15

Ampl > Alternate Amplitude > Alt Ampl Trigger

Hardkey and Softkey Reference ESG Family Signal Generators Ampl

Ampl Offset

Sets a value for amplitude offset. An amplitude off set changes the value shown in the amplitude area of the display but does not affect the output power. For example, if the current output power is 0 dBm and you enter an amplitude offset of −3 dBm, the output power will remain at 0 dBm but the display will show an amplitude of −3 dBm. This feature lets you simulates the power level at a test point beyond th e RF OUTPUT connector.

An amplitude offset can be entered at any time during normal operation and also when you are operating in amplitude reference mode. To enter an offset, press value using the up and down arrow keys, the front panel knob, or enter a value using the numeric keypad and press the When a non-zero offset has been en tered, the on in the amplitude area of the display.

Default Value: 0.00 dB

Ampl Offset and enter the desired offset

dB terminator softkey.

OFFSET indicator is turned

Softkey Location:

Ampl Ref Set

This softkey sets the current output power as an amplitude reference value. It also causes the position, turning on amplitude reference mode. All amplitude parameters are then set as relative to the reference value.

Default Value: 0.0 dBm Softkey Location:

Ampl Ref Off On

This softkey toggles the amplitude reference mode on and off. When amplitude reference mode is turned on, the amplitude value displayed is equal to the current hardware output power minus the reference value set by the reference value equal to the current output power. If you have not yet set the reference value, the no rmal preset value for amplitud e reference is 0 dBm.) The display. All amplitude parameters will now be set as relative to the reference value.

Ampl > Ampl Offset

Ampl Ref Off On soft key to toggle to the On

Ampl > Ampl Ref Set

Ampl Ref Set softkey. (The Ampl Ref Set softkey sets the

REF indicator is turned on in the amplitude area of the

Amplitude offsets can be used with amplitude reference mode. In this situation, the display will show the amplitude calculated as the current hardware output power minus the reference value plus the amplitude offset.

4-16 User’s Guide

ESG Family Signal Generators Hardkey and Softkey Reference

Ampl

Amplitude reference mode only changes the display; it does not change the RF output power. For example, if you set your RF output power to

20 dBm, set your reference value, and then turn amplitude reference

−

mode on, your display shows your amplitude as 0 dB but your output power remains at −20 dBm.

Default Value: Off Softkey Location:

Atten Hold Off On

This softkey toggles the attenuator hold function on and off. Turn attenuator hold on to freeze the attenuator at its current setting. The

ATTN HOLD display annunciator will turn on. Use this function at any

time you want to guarantee that there will be no power discontinuity normally associated with the attenuator switching during power adjustments. (When the attenuator is held, only a frequency change will change the attenuator setting. There will be no attenuator switching during power adjustments.) With attenuator hold on, the maximum power adjustment range will vary. However, you will have at least +4 dB and at least −13 dB range.

Default Value: Off Softkey Location:

Do Power Search

Press this softkey to execute the power search routine one time. Power search is an internal calibration routine used to achieve cal ibrated output power when the ALC is off. You can execute a power search at any time by pressing this softkey. If you are using external I/Q modulation, the power search routine assumes that the I/Q input level is = 0.5 V

I2Q2+

Ampl > Ampl Ref Off On

Ampl > Atten Hold Off On

rms

Actual output amplitude will scale directly with .

ALC Off On softkey must be set to Off in order to execute the power

The

I2Q2+

search routine. Softkey Location:

Ampl > ALC Off On > Do Power Search

Manual Trigger Main Delta (Option UNA Only)

Press this softkey to toggle the RF output power between main and alternate (delta). When Main is highlighted, the main power is present at the RF output and when Delta is highlighted, the alternate power is present at the RF output.

Default Value: Main Softkey Location:

User’s Guide 4- 17

Ampl > Alternate Amplitude > Manual Trigger Main Delta

Hardkey and Softkey Reference ESG Family Signal Generators

I2Q2+

Ampl

Po wer Search

This softkey accesses a menu from which you can change power search parameters.

Softkey Location:

Ampl > ALC Off On > Power Search

Power Search Manual Auto

This softkey toggles between the auto and manual modes of power search mode. Power search is an internal calibration routine used to achieve calibrated output power when the ALC is off. When you set

Power Search Manual Auto to Auto, power search will execute automatically

with each change to the RF frequency or power, and also with each change to the AM, burst, pulse , or I/Q modulation state . If you are using external I/Q modulation, the power search routine assumes that the I/Q input level is = 0.5 V

Actual output amplitude will scale directly with . When you set

routine is not run until the

ALC Off On softkey must be set to Off in order to engage either power

The search mode.

Default Value: Manual Softkey Location:

Power Search Manual Auto to Manual, the power search

Ampl > ALC Off On > Power Search Manual Auto

rms

I2Q2+

Do Power Search softkey is pressed.

Power Search Reference Fixed Modulated

This softkey toggles between fixed and modulated modes of power search. Power searc h is an internal calibration routine used to achieve calibrated output power when the ALC is off. When you set

Power Search Reference Fixed Modulated to Fixed, power search uses a

0.5 Volt reference. When you set

Modulated, the current I/Q modulation remains active and the reference

is the RMS value of the current I/Q modulation.

ALC Off On softkey must be set to Off in order to engage either power

The search reference.

Default Value: Fixed Softkey Location:

Power Search Reference Fixed Modulated.

Ampl > ALC Off On > Power Search >

Power Search Reference Fixed Modulated to

4-18 User’s Guide

ESG Family Signal Generators Hardkey and Softkey Reference

Amplitude

Press this front panel hardkey to change the RF output power. Amplitude becomes the active function and the current value is shown in the active entry area of the display. To enter a new value for amplitude, rotate the front panel knob until the desired value is displayed, use the up and down arrow keys , or enter th e value using the numeric keypad and press the

uVemf ter minat or softkey. The output power range allowed depends on

your instrument model. Refer to the technical specifications document.

dBm, dBuV, dBuVemf, mV, uV, mVemf, or

The current RF output power level is always shown in the amplitude area of the display except under the following conditions:

• amplitude reference mod e is turned on

• an offset is applied

• a step or list amplitude sweep is in process

• the RF Off On front panel key is off The amplitude area of the display is blanked whenever an amplitude

sweep is selected. Default Value: −135 dBm

User’s Guide 4- 19

Hardkey and Softkey Reference ESG Family Signal Generators Arrow Keys

Arrow Keys

Use the up and down arrow keys to increase and decrease the value of a numeric parameter by the increment value . For example, when frequency is the active function, if the current frequency setting is 1 MHz and the increment value set is 1 kHz, pressing the up and down arrow keys will increase and decrease the 1 MHz frequency in 1 kHz steps.

In addition, you can use the up and down arrow keys to scroll through displayed lists to select items.

The left and right arrow keys choose the highlighted digit in the active entry area, which is modified by the up and down arrow keys. When a digit is highlighted it overrides the increment value used with the up and down arrow keys. This override remains in effect until the

Incr Set

key is pressed, an instrument preset occurs, or power is cycled. For example, if frequency is the active parameter and you press the right arrow key until the 1 kHz position is highlighted, the up and down arrow keys will increase and decrease the frequency in 1 kHz increments no matter where the

Incr Set key has been set.

The arrow keys have autorepeat capability. Hold a key down and its function is continuously executed until you release it.

4-20 User’s Guide

ESG Family Signal Generators Hardkey and Softkey Reference

Display Contrast Keys

You can adjust the contrast of the display by pressing the decrease contrast key or the increase contrast key .

Display contrast is a persistent state; it is not affected by an instrument preset or by a power cycle.

User’s Guide 4- 21

Hardkey and Softkey Reference ESG Family Signal Generators FM

Pressing the front panel FM/ΦM key reveals a menu of softkeys. The softkeys for FM are described in this section in al phabetica l order. F or a description o f th e ΦM softkeys, refer to the “Phase Modulation” section

in this chapter.

Bus

This softkey is one of the choices in the FM Sweep Trigger menu. With

Bus selected, you use the GPIB to trigger single sweeps of swept-sine

frequency modulation. Softkey Location:

Bus

DCFM/DCΦM Cal

Pressing this softkey initiates a DCFM calibration. This calibration eliminates the offset in DC FM so that the carrier frequency remains the same with no modulation applied. External, DC-coupled FM must be active when this calibration is executed.

Softkey Location:

Dual-Sine

Pressing this softkey reveals a menu of choi ces f or setting t he dual- sine frequency modulation parameters. In this menu you can set the FM rates for two separate tones. In addition, you can set the FM deviation

FM Path 1 and FM Path 2 and also set a ratio of t he tone 2 FM deviatio n

for to the tone 1 FM deviation.

FM/ΦM > FM Waveform > Swept-Sine > FM Sweep Trigger >

FM/ΦM > DCFM/DCΦMCal

Softkey Location:

4-22 User’s Guide

FM/ΦM > FM Waveform > Dual-Sine

ESG Family Signal Generators Hardkey and Softkey Reference

Ext

This softkey is one of the choices in the FM Sweep Trigger menu. Choosing using a signal applied to the TRIGGER IN rear panel connector. Set the polarity of the trigger signal using the

Ext allows you to trigger swept-sine frequency modulation

Trigger In Polarity Neg Pos softkey.

Softkey Location:

Ext

Ext 1 AC-Coupled

This softkey lets you input an external, AC-coupled, frequency modulation signal to the EXT 1 INPUT connector. The modulation signal is tested for voltage and a display annunciator will report a high or low condition if the voltage is >±3% of 1 Vpk.

The external 1 input has multiple uses but can be used for only one modulation at a time. If, for example, you were using the external 1 input in an amplitude modulation configuration for you configured generator would turn off your external 1 AC-coupled input is the same as the external 1 DC-coupled source.

Softkey Location:

Ext 1 DC-Coupled

This softkey lets you input an external, DC-coupled, frequency modulation signal to the EXT 1 INPUT connector.

FM/ΦM > FM Waveform > Swept-Sine > FM Sweep Trigger >

AM Path 1, and then

FM Path 2 to also use the external 1 input, the signal

AM Path 1 and assign the external 1 input to

FM Path 2 configuration. For the purposes of this discussion, the

FM/ΦM > FM Source > Ext 1 AC-Coupled

FM Path 2 configuration. For the purposes of this discussion, the

your

FM Path 2 to also use the external 1 input, the signal

AM Path 1 and assign the external 1 input to

AM Path 1, and then

external 1 AC-coupled input is the same as the external 1 DC-coupled source.

Softkey Location:

User’s Guide 4- 23

FM/ΦM > FM Source > Ext 1 DC-Coupled

Hardkey and Softkey Reference ESG Family Signal Generators FM

Ext 2 AC-Coupled

This softkey lets you input an external, AC-coupled, frequency modulation signal to the EXT 2 INPUT connector. The modulation signal is tested for voltage and a display annunciator will report a high or low condition if the voltage is >±3% of 1 Vpk.

The external 2 input has multiple uses but can be used for only one modulation at a time. If, for example, you were using the external 2 input in an amplitude modulation configuration for you configured generator would turn off

FM Path 2 configuration. For the purposes of this discussion, the

your

FM Path 2 to also use the external 2 input, the signal

AM Path 1 and assign the external 2 input to

external 2 AC-coupled input is the same as the external 2 DC-coupled source.

AM Path 1, and then

Softkey Location:

Ext 2 DC-Coupled

This softkey lets you input an external, DC-coupled, frequency modulation signal to the EXT 2 INPUT connector.

Softkey Location:

FM ΦM

This softkey toggles between the menus for FM, normal ΦM, and wideband ΦM. Refer to the “Phase Modulation” section for a discussion

of the differences between normal ΦM, and wideband ΦM.

FM/ΦM > FM Source > Ext 2 AC-Coupled

AM Path 1, and then

FM Path 2 to also use the external 2 input, the signal

AM Path 1 and assign the external 2 input to

FM Path 2 configuration. For the purposes of this discussion, the

FM/ΦM > FM Source > Ext 2 DC-Coupled

Default Value: FM Softkey Location:

4-24 User’s Guide

FM/ΦM hardkey > FM ΦM softkey

ESG Family Signal Generators Hardkey and Softkey Reference

FM Dev

Use this softkey to set the frequenc y modulation deviation for the

FM Path 1 and FM Path 2 configurations. To change the value of the FM

deviation, press the softkey once. The current value for FM deviation is displayed in the active en try area. To enter a new value, rotate the front panel knob until the desired value is displayed, use the up and down arrow keys, or enter the value using the numeric keypad and press the

Hz, kHz, MHz, or GHz terminator softkey. The range of values allowed

depends on the carrier frequency. The maximum peak deviation for a frequency is calculated by multiplying N times 10 MHz. (Table 4-1 lists the values for N and the resulting maximum peak deviations.)

Table 4-1 Maximum Deviation Values for Frequency

Modulation

Carrier Frequency N

250 kHz to ≤ 249.999 MHz 1 10 MHz

> 249.999 MHz to ≤ 500 MHz 0.5 5 MHz

> 500 MHz to ≤ 1 GHz 1 10 MHz

> 1 GHz to ≤ 2 GHz 2 20 MHz

> 2 GHz to 4 GHz 4 40 MHz

Maximum

Peak Deviation

For example , if you ch oose a carrier f requency of 400 MHz, multiply 0.5 by 10 MHz resulting in a 5 MHz maximum peak deviation.

Notice that the new value of FM deviation applies only to whichever FM path configuration you have currently selected. Also, whenever

FM Path 1 is used with FM Path 2, the deviation for FM Path 1 must be

greater than or equal to the deviation for

FM Path 2.

Default Value: 1 kHz Softkey Location:

FM/ΦM > FM Dev

Or: FM/ΦM > FM Waveform > Dual-Sine > FM Dev

FM Dev Couple Off On

Toggles the FM deviation coupling on and off. Turning on FM deviation coupling links the FM deviation values of the values are coupled, any c hange you ma ke to one FM d eviation value is applied to both FM deviation values.

Default Value: Off Softkey Location:

User’s Guide 4- 25

FM/ΦM > FM Dev Couple Off On

FM Path 1 and FM Path 2. When

Hardkey and Softkey Reference ESG Family Signal Generators FM

FM Off On

Toggles the frequency modulation on or off for whichever FM path configuration ( that although you can turn on frequency modulation with this softkey, the RF carrier is modulated by the enabled modulation only when you have also set enabled, the

There are two paths for FM modulation which can be simultaneously enabled as long as they use different sources (Int, Ext1, or Ext2).

FM Path 2 is limited to a maximum rate of 1 MHz. FM Path 2 must be set to

a deviation less than or equal to both paths are summed internally for composite modulation.

Default Value: Off

FM Path 1 or FM Path 2) you have selected. Notice, however

Mod On/Off to On. Whenever frequency modulation is

FM annunciator is turned on in the display.

FM Path 1. The modulation signals from

FM Path 1 2

Softkey Location:

FM/ΦM > FM Off On

Use FM Path 1 and FM Path 2 to define two unique frequency modulation configurations. For example, select after a normal preset. If until the selection toggles to

FM Path 1 is not highlighted, press the softkey

FM Path 1.) Configure the modulation

FM Path 1. (FM Path 1 is the default

characteristics (such as deviation, source, rate, and waveform) using the remaining softkeys in the FM menu. Then enable FM by setting

FM Off On to On.

To configure a second frequency modulation configuration, toggle to

FM Path 2. Define the modulation characteristics for this second

configuration and enable FM by setting

FM Off On to On.

The RF carrier is available at the RF OUTPUT connector when you set

RF On/Off to On. Set Mod On/Off to On to modulate the RF carrier with the

modulations that you have enabled.

FM Path 1 and FM P ath 2 are summed internally for composite modulation.

Default Value: FM Path 1 Softkey Location:

4-26 User’s Guide

FM/ΦM > FM Path 1 2

ESG Family Signal Generators Hardkey and Softkey Reference

FM Rate

Use this softkey to change the internal modulation frequenc y for the

FM Path 1 and FM Path 2 configurations. To change the value, press the

softkey once. The current value for FM rate is displayed in the active entry area. To enter a new value, rotate the front panel knob until the desired value is displayed, use the up and down arrow keys, or enter the value using the numeric keypad and press the softkey. The range of values allowed is 0.1 Hz to 10 kHz. (0.1 Hz to 50 kHz is the range allowed if sinewave is selected as the internal waveform.) The minimum increment allowed is 0.1 Hz. Notice that the new value of FM rate applies only to whichever FM path configuration you have currently selected.

Default Value: 400 Hz

Hz or kHz terminator

FM Source

Softkey Location:

FM/ΦM > FM Rate

Pressing this softkey reveals a menu of choices for frequency modulation sources. You can choose internally-generated frequency modulation or select an externally-applied signal from either the EXT 1 INPUT or EXT 2 INPUT connectors. The internal modulation is always AC-coupled. For the externally-applied signals, you can choose between AC- and DC-coupled modulation. A 1.0 Vpk input is required for calibrated FM deviation settings. The

EXT 2 LO/HI display annunciators will turn on if the peak input voltage

EXT 1 LO/HI and

differs from 1.0 Vpk by more than 3%. (The LO/HI annunciators only function for AC-coupled external inputs.)

The internal and external 1 and 2 sources have multiple uses. You can use them for amplitude, frequency, and phase modulation. Fo r burst modulation, you can only use the external 1 source. You must use the external 2 source for pulse modulation. However, any given source can only be routed to one enabled modulation at a time. If, for example, you were using the external 1 source in a frequency modulation configuration for the external 1 source, the signal generator would turn off assign the external 1 source to your

FM Path 1, and then you configured AM Path 2 to also use

FM Path 1 and

AM Path 2 configuration. Notice that

for these purposes the external 1 AC-coupled source is the same as the external 1 DC-coupled source and the external 2 AC-coupled source is the same as the external 2 DC-coupled source.

Default Value: Internal Softkey Location:

User’s Guide 4- 27

FM/ΦM > FM Source

Hardkey and Softkey Reference ESG Family Signal Generators FM

FM Start Rate

Changes the starting internal modulation frequency for swept-sine frequency modulation. To change the value, press the softkey once. The current value for the FM start rate is displayed in the active entry area. To ent er a new value, rotate the fron t panel knob until the desired value is displayed, use the up and down arrow keys, or enter the value using the numeric keypad and press the range of values allowed is 0.1 Hz to 50 kHz. The minimum increment allowed is 0.1 Hz.

Hz or kHz terminator softkey. The

FM Stop Rate

This softkey is coupled to the and the for

FM Tone 1 Rate softkey in the FM Dual-Sine Menu. Any value set

FM Start Rate is reflected in the FM Rate and FM Tone 1 Rate softkeys.

Conversely, if you change the value for either the

FM Tone 1 Rate softkey, the value for FM Start Rate is changed to match.

FM Rate softkey in the initial FM Menu

FM Rate softkey or the

Default Value: 400.0 Hz Softkey Location:

FM/ΦM > FM Waveform > Swept-Sine > FM Start Rate

Changes the ending internal modulation frequency for swept-sine frequency modulation. The current value for the FM stop rate is displayed in the active en try area. To enter a new value, rotate the front panel knob until the desired value is displayed, use the up and down arrow keys, or enter the value using the numeric keypad and press the

Hz or kHz terminator softkey. The range of values allowed is 0.1 Hz to

50 kHz. The minimum increment allowed is 0.1 Hz. This softkey is coupled to the

Menu. Any value set for softkey. Conversely , if you change the value for the the value for

FM Stop Rate is changed to match.

FM Tone 2 Rate softkey in the FM Dual-Sine

FM Stop Rate is reflected in the FM Tone2 Rate

FM T one 2 Rate softkey,

Default Value: 400.0 Hz Softkey Location:

FM/ΦM > FM Waveform > Swept-Sine > FM Stop Rate

FM Sweep Time

Sets the sweep time for swept-sine frequency modulation. The signal generator will vary the FM rate fr om the speci fied star t ra te to t he stop rate in the time set with this softkey. Enter the desired sweep time using the up and down arrow keys, the front panel knob, or enter a value using the numeric keypad and press the softkey. The range of values allowed is 1 ms through 65.535 s. The minimum increment allowed is 1 ms.

Default Value: 100.0 msec Softkey Location:

4-28 User’s Guide

FM/ΦM > FM Waveform > Swept-Sine > FM Sweep Time

sec or msec terminator

ESG Family Signal Generators Hardkey and Softkey Reference

FM Sweep Trigger

Pressing this softkey reveals a menu of choices for triggering swept-sine frequency modulation. You can choose triggering that occurs immediately, triggering that is supplied via the GPIB bus, tr iggering on either the positive or negative edge of a signal supplied to the TRIGGER IN connector, external triggering, or triggering by the front panel

Default Value: Immediate

Trigger key.

Softkey Location:

FM/ΦM > FM Waveform > Swept-Sine > FM Sweep Trigger

FM To ne 1 Rate

Press this softkey to set the internal modulation frequency for the FM tone 1. Enter the desired rate using the up and down arrow keys, the front panel knob, or enter a value using the numeric keypad and press

kHz or Hz terminator softkey. The range of values allowed is 0.1 Hz

the through 50 kHz. The minimum increment allowed is 0.1 Hz.

This softkey is coupled to the and the for

FM Start Rate softkey in the FM Swept -Sine Menu. Any value set

FM Tone 1 Rate is reflected in the FM Rate and FM Start Rate softkeys.

Conversely, if you change the value for either the

FM Start Rate softkey, the value for FM Tone 1 Rate is changed to match.

Default Value: 400.0 Hz Softkey Location:

FM/ΦM > FM Waveform > Dual-Sine > FM Tone 1 Rate

FM To ne 2 Ampl Percent Of Peak

Press this softkey to set the amplitude of the alternate frequency/rate as a percent of the peak LF analog modulation amplitude. The primary frequency/rate will make up the remaining amplitude. This soft ke y is for use with dual-sine modulation only.

FM Rate softkey in the initial FM Menu

FM Rate softkey or the

For example, if the Tone 2 amplitude is 0%, then there would be no amplitude for T one 2; all of the signal strength would be present in Tone

FM Tone 2 Ampl Percent Of Peak is set to 50%, then Tone 2 and Tone 1

1. If would have equal amplitudes, or half of the amplitude of both tones combined.

Default Value: 50.0% Softkey Location:

FM Tone 2 Ampl Percent Of Peak

User’s Guide 4- 29

FM/ΦM > FM Waveform > Dual-Sine >

Hardkey and Softkey Reference ESG Family Signal Generators FM

FM To ne 2 Rate

Press this softkey to set the internal modulation frequency for the FM tone 2. Enter the desired rate using the up and down arrow keys, the front panel knob, or enter a value using the numeric keypad and press

kHz or Hz terminator softkey. The range of values allowed is 0.1 Hz

the through 50 kHz. The minimum increment allowed is 0.1 Hz.

FM Waveform

Immediate

This softkey is coupled to the Menu. Any value set for softkey. Conversely, if you change the value for the the value for

FM Tone 2 Rate is changed to match.

FM Stop Rate softkey in the FM Swept-Sine

FM Tone 2 Rate is reflected in the FM Stop Rate

FM Stop Rate softkey,

Default Value: 400.0 Hz Softkey Location:

FM/ΦM > FM Waveform > Dual-Sine > FM Tone 2 Rate

Pressing this softkey reveals a menu of FM waveform choices for your

FM Path 1 and FM Path 2 configurations. Select from sine , triangle, square,

ramp, noise, dual-sine, and swept-sine waveforms. Notice that your waveform selection applies only to whichever FM path configuration you have currently selected.

Default Value: Sine Softkey Location:

FM/ΦM > FM Waveform

This softkey is one of the choices in the FM Sweep Trigger menu. Choosing

Immediate immediately triggers swept-sine frequency

modulation in a continuous mode. To stop the sweep, choose a different trigger such as

Swept-Sine.

Ext, or set the waveform to something other than

Softkey Location:

Immediate

FM/ΦM > FM Waveform > Swept-Sine > FM Sweep Trigger >

Internal

This softkey lets you internally generate an AC-coupled, frequency modulation signal.

The internal source has multiple uses but can be used for only one modulation at a time . If, for example you were using t he internal source in an amplitude modulation configuration for configured would turn off

FM Path 2 to also use the internal source, the signal generator

AM Path 1 and assign the internal source to your FM Path 2

configuration. Softkey Location:

4-30 User’s Guide

FM/ΦM > FM Source > Internal

AM Path 1, and then you

ESG Family Signal Generators Hardkey and Softkey Reference

Noise

This softkey lets you specify noise as the frequency modulation waveform for the selected waveform applies only to whic hever FM path configuration you have currently selected.

FM Path 1 and FM Path 2 configurations. Notice that the

Ramp

Sine

Square

Softkey Location:

FM/ΦM > FM Waveform > Noise

This softkey lets you specify ramp as the frequency modulation waveform for the

FM Path 1 and FM Path 2 configurations. Notice that the

selected waveform applies only to whic hever FM path configuration you have currently selected.

Softkey Location:

FM/ΦM > FM Waveform > Ramp

This softkey lets you specify sine as the frequency modulation waveform for the

FM Path 1 and FM Path 2 configurations. Notice that the

selected waveform applies only to whic hever FM path configuration you have currently selected.

Softkey Location:

FM/ΦM > FM Waveform > Sine

This softkey lets you specify square as the frequency modulation waveform for the

FM Path 1 and FM Path 2 configurations. Notice that the

selected waveform applies only to whic hever FM path configuration you have currently selected.

Softkey Location:

FM/ΦM > FM Waveform > Square

Swept-Sine

Pressing this softkey reveals a menu of choices for setting the swept-sine frequency modulation parameters. In this menu you can set the start and stop FM rate and the sweep time. You can set the signal generator to a single, externally- triggered swee p on e ither a negati ve or positive TTL level or you can choose continuous sweep, triggered immediately. In this menu you can also select either a positive or negative polarity for the TRIGGER OUT signal.

Softkey Location:

User’s Guide 4- 31

FM/ΦM > FM Waveform > Swept-Sine

Hardkey and Softkey Reference ESG Family Signal Generators FM

Triangle

This softkey lets you specify triangle as the frequency modulation waveform for the selected waveform applies only to whic hever FM path configuration you have currently selected.

FM Path 1 and FM Path 2 configurations. Notice that the

Softkey Location:

FM/ΦM > FM Waveform > Triangle

Trigger In Polarity Neg Pos

Press this softkey to toggle between a negative TTL level trigger (0 V) and a positive TTL level trigger (+5 V) for externally triggering swept-sine frequency modulation.

This softkey is coupled to the swept-sine AM, ΦM, and LF Out, and to the trigger selections in the Sweep/List Menu. If you set the

Trigger In Polarity Neg Pos softkey in the FM Swept-Sine Menu to Neg, the Trigger In Polarity Neg Pos softkey is also set to Neg for swept-sine AM,

and LF Out. And, in addition, if the step or list sweep trigger is set to

Ext Pos, the trigger selection will automatically be changed to Ext Pos.

The same softkeys will toggle to Swept-Sine FM Menu.

Conversely, if the swept-sine AM, ΦM, or LF Out menus, it will cause the swept-sine FM softkey to toggle also. This is also true fo r the list sweep trigger selections.

Default Value: Pos

Trigger In Slope Neg Pos softkey is toggled in the

Trigger In Polarity Neg Pos so ftkey for

Ext Neg and Ext Pos sweep

Pos or to Ext Pos if you select Pos in the

Ext Neg and Ext Pos step or

Softkey Location:

Trigger In Polarity Neg Pos

FM/ΦM > FM Waveform > Swept-Sine >

Trigger Key

This softkey is one of the choices in the FM Sweep Trigger menu. With

Trigger Key selected, when you press the Trigger front panel key you

immediately trigger a single sweep of swept-sine frequency modulation.

Trigger key has autorepeat capability. Hold it down and you will

The repeatedly trigger sweeps until you release the key.

Softkey Location:

Trigger Key

4-32 User’s Guide

FM/ΦM > FM Waveform > Swept-Sine > FM Sweep Trigger >

ESG Family Signal Generators Hardkey and Softkey Reference

Trigger Out Polarity Neg Pos

This softkey toggles the polarity of the TTL signal that is output at the rear panel TRIGGER OUT connector. When set to

Pos, the output signal is asserted high (+5 V) at the start of the

swept-sine frequency modulation sweep and low (0 V) when the sweep is concluded. Setting

Trigger Out Polarity Neg Pos to Neg reverses the

polarity, where a high is 0 V and a low is +5 V.

Trigger Out Polarity Neg Pos is

This softkey is coupled to the

Trigger Out Polarity Neg Pos softkey in the

swept-sine AM, ΦM, and LF Out menus and the sweep/list menu. When the polarity is toggled for this softkey in any one of these menus , it affects all locations of the softkey.

Default Value: Pos Softkey Location:

Trigger Out Polarity Neg Pos

FM/ΦM > FM Waveform > Swept-Sine >

User’s Guide 4- 33

Hardkey and Softkey Reference ESG Family Signal Generators Freq

Freq

Pressing the front panel Freq key reveals a menu of softkeys. These softkeys are described in this section in alphabetical order.

Adjust Phase

Use this softkey to change the phase of the RF OUTPUT signal. Y o u can change the phase relative to whatever phase the signal generator locked to the last time it changed frequency. F or this reason, the phase adjustment does not survive changes in frequency and must be readjusted. If you first press

Phase Ref Set, the current output phase is

set as a zero reference and any subsequent phase adjustment is displayed as relative to the zero reference. Phase adjustment cannot be used with frequency or phase modulation.

To change the phase , press the sof tkey once . Phase adjustmen t becomes the active function. To enter a new value, rotate the front panel knob until the desired value is displayed , use the up and down arrow keys , or enter the value using the numeric keypad and press the

rad or deg

terminator softkey. The range of values allowed is ±3.141 radians or ±180 degrees.

Default Value: 0 radians Softkey Location:

Freq > Adjust Phase

4-34 User’s Guide

ESG Family Signal Generators Hardkey and Softkey Reference

Freq

Freq Multiplier

You can multiply the frequency shown on the display without changing the frequency output at the RF OUTPUT connector (simulating the frequency at the output of a harmonic multiplier). Press this softkey and enter a value from 1 through 50. Use the up and down arrow keys, the front panel knob, or enter a value using the numeric keypad and press the frequency to 1 MHz. Then press display will now show an output frequency of 3 MHz but the actual output frequency will remain at 1 MHz. For any multipl ier greater than 1, the

Default Value: 1

Enter terminator softkey. For example, set the output

Freq > Freq Multiplier > 3 > Enter. The

MULT indicator is shown in the frequency area of the display.

Freq Offset

Softkey Location:

Freq > Freq Multiplier

Press this softkey to set a value for frequency offset. A frequency offset changes the value shown in the frequency area of the display but does not affect the output frequency. For example, if th e current output frequency is 1 MHz and you enter a frequency offset of 3 MHz, the output frequency will remain at 1 MHz but the display will show a frequency of 4 MHz. This feature lets you simulat e the f requency at the output of a frequency translating device.

A frequency offset can be entered at any time during normal operation and also when you are operating in frequency reference mode . To enter an offset, press

Freq Offset and enter the desired frequency value using

the up and down arrow keys, the front panel knob, or enter a value using the numeric keypad and press the softkey. When an offset has been entered, th e

Hz, kHz, MHz, or GHz terminator

OFFSET indicator is turned

on in the frequency area of the display. Default Value: 0 Hz Softkey Location:

Freq > Freq Offset

User’s Guide 4- 35

Hardkey and Softkey Reference ESG Family Signal Generators Freq

Freq Ref Off On

This softkey toggles the frequency reference mode on and off. When frequency reference mode is t urned on, t he frequency value displayed is equal to the current hardware output frequency minus the reference value set by the reference value equal to the current output frequency. If you have not yet set the reference value, the preset value for frequency reference is 0 Hz.) The display. All frequency parameters will now be set as relative to the reference value.

Frequency offsets can be used with frequency reference mode. In this situation, the display will show the frequency calculat ed as the current hardware output frequency minus the reference value plus the frequency offset.

Frequency reference mode only changes the display; it does not change the RF output frequency. For example, if you set your RF output frequency to 700 MHz, set your reference value, and then turn frequency relative mode on, your display shows your frequency as 0 Hz but your output frequency remains at 700 MHz.

Freq Ref Set softkey. (The Freq Ref Set softkey sets the

REF indicator is turned on in the frequency area of the

Default Value: Off Softkey Location:

Freq > Freq Ref Off On

Freq Ref Set

This softkey sets the current output frequency as a frequency refere nce value. It also causes the position, turning on frequency reference mode. All frequency parameters are then set as relative to the reference value.

Default Value: Off Softkey Location:

Freq > Freq Ref Set

Mode 1 Optimize <10kHz Offset

Press this softkey to set the signal generator to mode 1 which optimizes phase noise at offsets below 10 kHz.

Softkey Location:

Freq > Optimize Φ Noise > Mode 1 Optimize > 10k Offset

Mode 2 Optimize >10kHz Offset

Press this softkey to set the signal generator to mode 2 which optimizes phase noise at offsets above 10 kHz.

Freq Ref Off On softkey to toggle to the On

Softkey Location:

4-36 User’s Guide

Freq > Optimize Φ Noise > Mode 2 Optimize > 10k Offset

ESG Family Signal Generators Hardkey and Softkey Reference

Freq

Optimize Φ Noise

Press this softkey for two choices in optimizing phase noise. You can choose to set the phase-lock loop bandwidth to optimize phase noise for offsets below or above 10 kHz offsets as shown in Figure 4-1. This softkey is present on ESG-A and ESG-D series instruments only.

Figure 4-1 Phase Noise Performance Mode 1 Versus Mode 2

Default Value: Mode 2 Softkey Location:

Freq > Optimize Φ Noise

Phase Ref Set

This softkey sets the current output phase as a zero reference. All phase parameters are then set as relative to the zero reference.

Softkey Location:

Freq > Phase Ref Set

Ref Oscillator Source Auto Off/On

This softkey switches off and on the signal generator’s capability of automatically selecting between the internal refe rence oscillator and an external reference oscillator. When this function is tur ned on, the si gnal generator detects when a valid reference signal is present at the 10 MHz IN connector and automatically switches from internal to external reference operation. Conversely, when this function is turned off, the signal generator uses the internal reference only, even if an external reference is connected.

Default Value: On Softkey Location:

Freq > Ref Oscillator Source Auto Off On

User’s Guide 4- 37

Hardkey and Softkey Reference ESG Family Signal Generators Frequency

Frequency

Press this front panel hardkey to change the RF output frequency. Frequency becomes the active function and the current value i s also shown in the active entry area of the display. To enter a new value for frequency, rotate the front panel knob until the desired value is displayed, use the up and down arrow keys , or enter the value using the numeric keypad and press the The output frequency range allowed depends on your instrument model. Refer to the technical specifications document.

GHz, MHz, kHz, or Hz terminator softkey.

The current RF output frequency is alw ays shown in the frequency area of the display (unless you have altered the display by turning on frequency reference mode or entering an offset or a multiplier). The frequency area of the display is blanked whenever a f requency sweep is selected.

Default Value: Maximum specified output frequency

4-38 User’s Guide

ESG Family Signal Generators Hardkey and Softkey Reference

Help

Press this hardkey for a short description of the function of any front panel hardkey or softkey. When you press the message is displayed:

Press a key for help on that key.

• Press a front panel hardkey or a softkey and a short description of that

key’s function will be displayed. Press another key and you will be returned to normal instrument operation.

Help key can be set to either single or continuous mode. In single

The mode, when you press the

Help key, help text is provided only for the

next key that you press and then you are returned to normal oper ation. In continuous mode, when you press the for the next key that you press and that key’s function is also executed (except for the press the

Preset key). This help mode remains active until you

Help key again.

Help key, the following

Help key, help text is provided

Refer to the description of the

Help Mode Single Cont softkey in the Utility

section for instructions on changing the help mode from single to continuous.

User’s Guide 4- 39

Hardkey and Softkey Reference ESG Family Signal Generators Hold

Hold

Press this front panel hardkey t o de-activate the c urrent active function and blank the softkey menu. Once the arrow keys, and the numeric keypad have no effect.

To return to normal operation, press any front panel hardkey.

Hold is pressed, the fr ont panel kno b ,

4-40 User’s Guide

ESG Family Signal Generators Hardkey and Softkey Reference

Incr Set

Press this front panel hardkey to change the incremental value of the up and down arrow keys for the current active function. For example,

Frequency to make it the active function. The current frequency is

press shown in the active entry area. The incremental value for frequency is set to 1 MHz at the factory. Press the up and down arrow keys for frequency becomes the active function. You can change the value by using three different methods:

Incr Set and the incremental value of

• Use the up and down arrow keys.The arrow keys will change the incremental value in steps equal to the current incr emental value (in this example, these are 1 MHz steps.)

• Use the front panel knob.

• Use the numeric keypad and complete your entry with a terminator softkey.

Press

Incr Set again and the active function toggles, making frequency

the active function again. Incremental values are persistent states; they are not affected by an

instrument preset or by a power cycle.

User’s Guide 4- 41

Hardkey and Softkey Reference ESG Family Signal Generators I/Q

I/Q

This front panel hardkey and its menus are only available on ESG-D and ESG-DP Series Signal Generators. The softkeys in the I/Q menus are described in this section in alphabetical order.

ALC Off On

Press this softkey to Toggle the automatic leveling control (ALC) circ uit off and on.

Power Search Manual Auto softkey

documented in this section for more information about power search. ) ALC off is useful with pulse modulation with a pulse width narrower than 2 µs and with certain external I/Q modulation.

ALC softkey to Off.

With external I/Q modulation, the ALC loop acts to hold the signal

generator’s average output power constant, in spite of variations in the

I/Q input power (I

+Q2). Rapid variations of (I2 + Q2) propagate to the output, while slow variations are removed by the ALC loop, with a high-pass corner of 1 kHz. If you do not want this high-pass filtering,

4-42 User’s Guide

ESG Family Signal Generators Hardkey and Softkey Reference

I/Q

set the ALC Off On softkey to Off. With ALC off, the I/Q modulatio n will be DC-coupled. Using power search, power level accuracy is preserved if

2Q2

=0.5V

rms

. When ALC is off, the Default Value: On Softkey Location:

Burst Envelope Off On

Toggles on and off the burst envelope modulator. The burst envelope modulator is used to burst the RF carrier. When the is set to

Ext1 DC, the shape of the burst output is the same as the shape

of the EXT 1 analog input. The automatically to has burst turned on (Option UN8). Whenever the burst envelope modulator is on, the

Default Value: Off Softkey Location:

Burst Source

Changes the source for burst modulation. If you do not have Option UN8, your only choice is a DC-coupled, analog input using the EXT 1 INPUT connector . Using this selection, the bursted output signal will have the same shape as the analog input. If you have Option UN8, this softkey will automatically toggle to burst for an enabled digital modulation format. In this mode, the internal baseband generator bursts the RF carrier. You can overr ide this automatic selection by selecting as burst is turned on in an enabled digital modulation format, you can toggle between the internal and external burst sources.

ALC OFF display annunciator will turn on.

I/Q > ALC Off On

Burst Source so ftk ey

Burst Envelope Off On softkey is toggled

On when any enabled digital modulation format also

ENVLP annunciator is turned on in the display.

I/Q > Burst Envelop e Off On

Int Burst if you have turned on

Ext1 DC as the Burst Source. As long

Default Value: Ext1 DC Softkey Location:

User’s Guide 4- 43

I/Q > Burst Source

Hardkey and Softkey Reference ESG Family Signal Generators I/Q

Calibration Type User Full

Toggles between an I/Q calibration executed over the full frequency range of the signal generator ( range which you specify (

Stop Frequency softkeys. Once you have chosen either Full or User, and

specified the frequency range, press calibration.

The I/Q calibration type is a persistent state; it is not affected by an instrument preset or by a power cycle.

Full) or an I/Q calibration over a frequency

User) using the Start Frequency and

Execute Cal to start the I/Q

Softkey Location:

Do Power Search

I2Q2+

The search routine.

Softkey Location:

Execute Cal

Press this softkey to begin the I/Q calibration for the frequency range that you have specified. The calibration can be aborted at any time during the procedure by pressing the the calibration, the previous calibration is restored.

I/Q > I/Q Calibration > Calibration Type User Full

2Q2

. Actual output amplitude will scale directly with

rms

ALC Off On softkey must be set to Off in order to execute the power

I/Q > ALC Off On > Do Power Search

Abort Cal softkey. If you do abort

Softkey Location:

I/Q > I/Q Calibration > Execute Cal

Ext1 DC

Press this softkey to change the burst source for modulation to a DC-coupled, analog input using the EXT 1 INPUT connector . Using this selection, the bursted output signal will have the same shape as the analog input. If you do not have Option UN8, this is the only burst source and it cannot be changed. If you have Option UN8, the burst source can also be set to an internal source (r efer to the

Softkey Location:

4-44 User’s Guide

I/Q > Burst Source > Ext1 DC

Int Burst softkey).

Agilent E4400B User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

1Preparing for Use

Installing the Signal Generator

Checking the Shipment

Installing Front Handles and Rack Mount Flanges

Meeting Electrical and Environmental Requirements

Adjusting the Display Contrast

Selecting Inverse Video

Adjusting the Screen Saver

Selecting the Signal Generator’s GPIB Address

Selecting the Signal Generator’s Programming Language

Verifying Signal Generator Operation

Operator’s Check

See Agilent Technologies ESG Family Internet P age for the Latest Information

2Using Functions

Setting Frequency and Power Levels

To Set the RF Frequency

To Set a Frequency Reference and a Frequency Offset

To Set the RF Output Power Level

To Set an Amplitude Reference and an Amplitude Offset

Setting Up Internally Generated Amplitude Modulation

Setting the Carrier Frequency

Setting the Power Level

Setting the AM Depth

Setting the AM Rate

Turning On Amplitude Modulation

Setting Up Internally Generated Frequency Modulation

Setting the Carrier Frequency

Setting the Power Level

Setting the FM Deviation

Setting the FM Rate

Turning On Frequency Modulation

Creating a Step Sweep and a List Sweep

Configuring a Step Sweep

Turning On Continuous Step Sweep

Configuring a List Sweep Using Step Sweep Data

Editing List Sweep Points

Turning On List Sweep for a Single Sweep

Saving and Recalling an Instrument State

Enabling Options

Enabling a Hardware Option

Enabling a Software Option

If You Encounter a Problem

No RF Output?

RF Output Power too Low?

Optional Features are Not Working?

No Modulation at the RF Output?

Can’t Turn Off Sweep Mode?

Recalled a Register and Sweep List is Missing?

All of the Registers Where You Previously Stored Instrument States are Empty?

Saved an Instrument State in a Register but the Register is Empty or Contains the Wrong State?

Incorrect List Sweep Dwell Time?

Can’t Turn Off Help Mode?

LF OUTPUT Signal is a Sinewave but the RF OUTPUT Signal is a Pulse Squarewave?

Signal Generator is Locked Up?

Returning a Signal Generator to Agilent Technologies

Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Offices

3Front and Rear Panel

Front Panel Overview

Display Annotation

Rear Panel Overview

4Hardkey and Softkey Reference

AM Depth

AM Depth Couple Off On

AM Off On

AM Rate

AM Source

AM Start Rate

AM Stop Rate

AM Sweep Time

AM Sweep Trigger

AM Tone 1 Rate

AM Tone 2 Ampl Percent Of Peak

AM Tone 2 Rate

AM Waveform

Dual-Sine

Ext 1 AC-Coupled