Agilent E4351B Operations Guide

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OPERATING GUIDE for

SOLAR ARRAY SIMULATOR

HP MODELS E4350B, E4351B

HP Model E4350B: US37410101 and Above * HP Model E4351B: US37430101 and Above *

* For instruments with higher Serial Numbers, a change page may be included.

HP Part No. 5962-8206 Printed in USA: Microfiche 5962-8207 December, 1997

CERTIFICATION

Hewlett-Packard Company certifies that this product met its published specifications at time of shipment from the factory. Hewlett-Packard further certifies that its calibration measurements are traceable to the United States National Bureau of Standards, to the extent allowed by the Bureau's calibration facility, and to the calibration facilities of other International Standards Organization members.

WARRANTY

This Hewlett-Packard hardware product is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of three years from date of delivery. HP software and firmware products, which are designated by HP for use with a hardware product and when properly installed on that hardware product, are warranted not to fail to execute their programming instructions due to defects in material and workmanship for a period of 90 days from date of delivery. During the warranty period Hewlett-Packard Company will, at its option, either repair or replace products which prove to be defective. HP does not warrant that the operation of the software, firmware, or hardware shall be uninterrupted or error free.

For warranty service, with the exception of warranty options, this product must be returned to a service facility designated by HP. Customer shall prepay shipping charges by (and shall pay all duty and taxes) for products returned to HP for warranty service. Except for products returned to Customer from another country, HP shall pay for return of products to Customer.

Warranty services outside the country of initial purchase are included in HP's product price, only if Customer pays HP international prices (defined as destination local currency price, or U.S. or Geneva Export price).

If HP is unable, within a reasonable time to repair or replace any product to condition as warranted, the Customer shall be entitled to a refund of the purchase price upon return of the product to HP.

LIMITATION OF WARRANTY

The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by the Customer, Customer-supplied software or interfacing, unauthorized modification or misuse, operation outside of the environmental specifications for the product, or improper site preparation and maintenance. NO OTHER WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. HP SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES

THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE THE CUSTOMER'S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES. HP SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT, OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY.

ASSISTANCE

The above statements apply only to the standard product warranty. Warranty options, extended support contracts, product maintenance agreements and customer assistance agreements are also available. Contact your nearest HewlettPackard Sales and Service office for further information on HP's full line of Support Programs.

SAFETY SUMMARY

The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation, service, and repair of this instrument. Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this manual violates safety standards of design, manufacture, and intended use of the instrument. Hewlett-Packard Company assumes no liability for the customer's failure to comply with these requirements.

BEFORE APPLYING POWER.

Verify that the product is set to match the available line voltage and the correct fuse is installed.

GROUND THE INSTRUMENT.

This product is a Safety Class 1 instrument (provided with a protective earth terminal). To minimize shock hazard, the instrument chassis and cabinet must be connected to an electrical ground. The instrument must be connected to the ac power supply mains through a three-conductor power cable, with the third wire firmly connected to an electrical ground (safety ground) at the power outlet. For instruments designed to be hard-wired to the ac power lines (supply mains), connect the protective earth terminal to a protective conductor before any other connection is made. Any interruption of the protective (grounding) conductor or disconnection of the protective earth terminal will cause a potential shock hazard that could result in personal injury. If the instrument is to be energized via an external autotransformer for voltage reduction, be certain that the autotransformer common terminal is connected to the neutral (earthed pole) of the ac power lines (supply mains).

FUSES.

Only fuses with the required rated current, voltage, and specified type (normal blow, time delay, etc.) should be used. Do not use repaired fuses or short circuited fuseholders. To do so could cause a shock or fire hazard.

DO NOT OPERATE IN AN EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERE.

Do not operate the instrument in the presence of flammable gases or fumes.

KEEP AWAY FROM LIVE CIRCUITS.

Operating personnel must not remove instrument covers. Component replacement and internal adjustments must be made by qualified service personnel. Do not replace components with power cable connected. Under certain conditions, dangerous voltages may exist even with the power cable removed. To avoid injuries, always disconnect power, discharge circuits and remove external voltage sources before touching components.

DO NOT SERVICE OR ADJUST ALONE.

Do not attempt internal service or adjustment unless another person, capable of rendering first aid and resuscitation, is present.

DO NOT EXCEED INPUT RATINGS.

This instrument may be equipped with a line filter to reduce electromagnetic interference and must be connected to a properly grounded receptacle to minimize electric shock hazard. Operation at line voltages or frequencies in excess of those stated on the data plate may cause leakage currents in excess of 5.0 mA peak.

SAFETY SYMBOLS.

Instruction manual symbol: the product will be marked with this symbol when it is necessary for the user to refer to the instruction manual (refer to Table of Contents) .

Indicates hazardous voltages. Indicate earth (ground) terminal.

The WARNING sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure, practice, or the like, which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in personal injury. Do not proceed beyond a WARNING sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

The CAUTION sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating procedure, or the like, which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to or destruction of part or all of the product. Do not proceed beyond a CAUTION sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

DO NOT SUBSTITUTE PARTS OR MODIFY INSTRUMENT.

Because of the danger of introducing additional hazards, do not install substitute parts or perform any unauthorized modification to the instrument. Return the instrument to a Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Office for service and repair to ensure that safety features are maintained.

Instruments which appear damaged or defective should be made inoperative and secured against unintended operation until they can be repaired by qualified service personnel.

SAFETY SUMMARY (continued)

GENERAL

Any LEDs used in this product are Class 1 LEDs as per IEC 825-l.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

All instruments are intended for indoor use in an installation category II, pollution degree 2 environment. They are designed to operate at a maximum relative humidity of 95% and at altitudes of up to 2000 meters. Refer to the specifications tables for the ac mains voltage requirements and ambient operating temperature range.

SAFETY SYMBOL DEFINITIONS

Symbol Description Symbol Description

Direct current Terminal for Line conductor on permanently

installed equipment

Alternating current Caution, risk of electric shock

Both direct and alternating current Caution, hot surface

Three-phase alternating current Caution (refer to accompanying documents)

Earth (ground) terminal In position of a bi-stable push control

Protective earth (ground) terminal Out position of a bi-stable push control Frame or chassis terminal On (supply)

Terminal for Neutral conductor on permanently installed equipment Terminal is at earth potential(Used for measurement and control circuits designed to be operated with one terminal at earth potential.)

Herstellerbescheinigung

Diese Information steht im Zusammenhang mit den Anforderungen der Maschinenläminformationsverordnung vom 18 Januar 1991. * Schalldruckpegel Lp <70 dB(A) * Am Arbeitsplatz * Normaler Betrieb * Nach EN 27779 (Typprufung).

Manufacturer's Declaration

This statement is provided to comply with the requirements of the German Sound Emission Directive, from 18 January

1991.

Off (supply)

Standby (supply) Units with this symbol are not completely disconnected from ac mains when this switch is off. To completely disconnect the unit from ac mains, either disconnect the power cord or have a qualified electrician install an external switch.

* Sound Pressure Lp <70 dB(A) *At Operator Position * Normal Operation * According to EN 27779 (Type Test).

DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

according to ISO/IEC Guide 22 and EN 45014

Manufacturer's Name: Hewlett-Packard Company

Manufacturer's Address: 150 Green Pond Road

Rockaway, New Jersey 07866 U.S.A.

declares that the Product

Product Name: Solar Array Simulator

Model Number: HP E4350A, E4350B, E4351B

conforms to the following Product Specifications:

Safety: IEC 1010-1:1990+A1(1992) / EN 61010-1: 1993

EMC: CISPR 11:1990 / EN 55011:1991 - Group 1 Class A

IEC 801-2:1991 / EN 50082-1:1992 - 4 kV CD, 8 kV AD IEC 801-3:1984 / EN 50082-1:1992 - 3 V / m IEC 801-4:1988 / EN 50082-1:1992 - 0.5 kV Signal Lines 1 kV Power Lines

Supplementary Information:

The product herewith complies with the requirements of the Low Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC and the EMC Directive 89/336/EEC and carries the CE-marking accordingly.

New Jersey October 1997 Location Date Bruce Krueger / Quality Manager

European Contact: Your local Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Office or Hewlett-Packard GmbH, Department TRE, Herrenberger Strasse 130, D-71034 Boeblingen (FAX:+49-7031-14-3143)

PRINTING HISTORY

The edition and current revision of this manual are indicated below. Reprints of this manual containing minor corrections and updates may have the same printing date. Revised editions are identified by a new printing date. A revised edition incorporates all new or corrected material since the previous printing date. Changes to the manual occurring between revisions are covered by change sheets shipped with the manual. In some cases, the manual change applies only to specific instruments. Instructions provided on the change sheet will indicate if a particular change applies only to certain instruments.

may be photocopied, reproduced, or translated into another language without the prior consent of Hewlett-Packard Company. The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.

1 General Information

What’s In This Guide?............................................................................................................................13

Safety Considerations .............................................................................................................................13

Options and Accessories .........................................................................................................................13

Operator Replaceable Parts.....................................................................................................................14

Description.............................................................................................................................................14

Key Features...........................................................................................................................................14

Output Characteristic..............................................................................................................................15

Fixed Mode.......................................................................................................................................15

Simulator Mode................................................................................................................................15

Table Mode.......................................................................................................................................17

2 Installation

Inspection...............................................................................................................................................19

Damage............................................................................................................................................19

Packaging Material...........................................................................................................................19

Items Supplied..................................................................................................................................19

Location and Temperature......................................................................................................................19

Bench Operation...............................................................................................................................19

Rack Mounting.................................................................................................................................20

Temperature Performance.................................................................................................................20

AC Line Connection...............................................................................................................................20

AC Voltage Conversion..........................................................................................................................21

3 Turn-on Checkout

Introduction............................................................................................................................................23

Preliminary Checkout.............................................................................................................................23

Power-on Checkout.................................................................................................................................23

Using the Keypad ...................................................................................................................................24

Shifted Keys .....................................................................................................................................24

Backspace Key..................................................................................................................................24

Output Checkout.....................................................................................................................................24

Checking the Voltage Function.........................................................................................................24

Checking the Current Function.........................................................................................................25

Checking the Save and Recall Functions.................................................................................................27

Determining HP-IB Address...................................................................................................................27

In Case of Trouble ..................................................................................................................................27

Line Fuse..........................................................................................................................................27

Error Messages.................................................................................................................................27

Selftest Errors...................................................................................................................................27

Power-On Error Messages ................................................................................................................27

Checksum Errors..............................................................................................................................28

Runtime Error Messages...................................................................................................................28

4 User Connections

Rear Panel Connections..........................................................................................................................29

Wire Selection..................................................................................................................................29

Analog Connector.............................................................................................................................29

Digital Connector .............................................................................................................................30

Load Connections...................................................................................................................................30

Output Isolation................................................................................................................................30

Capacitive Loads ..............................................................................................................................30

Inductive Loads ...............................................................................................................................31

Connecting to an External Voltage Source........................................................................................31

Sense Connections..................................................................................................................................31

Remote Voltage Sensing...................................................................................................................31

CV Regulation..................................................................................................................................32

Overvoltage Protection Considerations..............................................................................................32

Output Rating...................................................................................................................................32

Output Noise.....................................................................................................................................32

Stability............................................................................................................................................32

Over Current Protection Considerations..................................................................................................33

Hardware Overcurrent Circuit...........................................................................................................33

Operating Configurations .......................................................................................................................33

Connecting the Load to One Unit .....................................................................................................33

Connecting Supplies in Parallel........................................................................................................34

Connecting Supplies in Auto-Parallel ...............................................................................................35

Auto-Parallel Programming Cautions ...............................................................................................36

Connecting Supplies in Series...........................................................................................................37

Analog Current Control....................................................................................................................38

Controller Connections...........................................................................................................................38

Stand-Alone Connections .................................................................................................................38

Linked Connections..........................................................................................................................38

5 Front Panel Operation

Introduction............................................................................................................................................41

Key Functions.........................................................................................................................................41

Programming the Output ..................................................................................................................44

Establishing Initial Conditions..........................................................................................................44

Programming Voltage.......................................................................................................................44

Programming Current.......................................................................................................................45

Programming Overvoltage Protection .....................................................................................................45

Setting the OVP Level .......................................................................................................................45

Checking OVP Operation ..................................................................................................................45

Clearing the OVP Condition..............................................................................................................46

Programming Overcurrent Protection .....................................................................................................46

Setting the OCP Protection ................................................................................................................46

Checking OCP Operation ..................................................................................................................46

Clearing the OCP Condition..............................................................................................................46

CV Mode vs. CC Mode...........................................................................................................................47

Unregulated Operation............................................................................................................................47

Saving and Recalling States....................................................................................................................47

Turn-on Conditions ................................................................................................................................47

Setting the HP-IB Address......................................................................................................................48

Types of HP-IB Addresses.................................................................................................................48

Changing the HP-IB Address............................................................................................................48

6. Remote Programming

HP-IB Capabilities of the Power Supply..................................................................................................49

Introduction to SCPI...............................................................................................................................49

Conventions......................................................................................................................................49

Types of SCPI Commands ......................................................................................................................50

Multiple Commands in a Message ....................................................................................................50

Moving Among Subsystems..............................................................................................................51

Value Coupling.................................................................................................................................51

Including Common Commands ........................................................................................................51

SCPI Queries....................................................................................................................................51

Types of SCPI Messages........................................................................................................................51

The Message Unit.............................................................................................................................52

Headers.............................................................................................................................................52

Query Indicator.................................................................................................................................52

Message Unit Separator....................................................................................................................52

Root Specifier...................................................................................................................................52

Message Terminator .........................................................................................................................52

SCPI Data Formats.................................................................................................................................53

Numerical Data ................................................................................................................................53

Suffixes and Multipliers....................................................................................................................53

Character Data..................................................................................................................................53

Examples................................................................................................................................................54

Programming Voltage and Current...................................................................................................54

Programming Protection Circuits......................................................................................................54

Programming Units in Auto-Parallel.................................................................................................54

Changing Outputs by Trigger ...........................................................................................................55

Saving and Recalling States..............................................................................................................55

Writing to the Display ......................................................................................................................56

Programming Status .........................................................................................................................56

Programming the Digital I/O Port.....................................................................................................56

System Considerations............................................................................................................................56

Assigning HP-IB Address in Programs .............................................................................................57

HP 82335A Driver Considerations....................................................................................................57

National Instruments GP-IB Driver Considerations...........................................................................57

HP BASIC Considerations................................................................................................................57

7. Language Dictionary

Introduction............................................................................................................................................61

Parameters........................................................................................................................................61

Related Commands...........................................................................................................................61

Order of Presentation........................................................................................................................61

Common Commands ........................................................................................................................61

Subsystem Commands ......................................................................................................................61

Description of Common Commands .......................................................................................................62

*CLS................................................................................................................................................62

*ESE................................................................................................................................................62

*ESR? ..............................................................................................................................................63

*IDN?...............................................................................................................................................63

*OPC................................................................................................................................................64

*OPC?..............................................................................................................................................64

*OPT?..............................................................................................................................................64

*PSC ................................................................................................................................................65

*RCL................................................................................................................................................65

*RST................................................................................................................................................66

*SAV ...............................................................................................................................................66

*SRE................................................................................................................................................67

*STB? ..............................................................................................................................................67

*TRG ...............................................................................................................................................68

*TST?...............................................................................................................................................68

*WAI ...............................................................................................................................................68

Description of Subsystem Commands .....................................................................................................69

Calibration Commands...........................................................................................................................71

Display Subsystem..................................................................................................................................71

DISP.................................................................................................................................................71

DISP:MODE ....................................................................................................................................71

DISP:TEXT......................................................................................................................................72

Measure Subsystem.................................................................................................................................72

MEAS:CURR?..................................................................................................................................72

MEAS:VOLT?..................................................................................................................................72

Memory Subsystem.................................................................................................................................73

MEM:COPY:TABL..........................................................................................................................73

MEM:DEL:ALL...............................................................................................................................73

MEM:DEL[:NAME].........................................................................................................................73

MEM:TABL:SEL.............................................................................................................................73

MEM:TABL:CURR..........................................................................................................................73

MEM:TABL:VOLT..........................................................................................................................73

MEM:TABL:CURR:POIN?..............................................................................................................74

MEM:TABL:VOLT:POIN?..............................................................................................................74

MEM:TABL:CAT?...........................................................................................................................74

Output Subsystem...................................................................................................................................74

OUTP...............................................................................................................................................74

OUTP:PROT:CLE............................................................................................................................74

OUTP:PROT:DEL............................................................................................................................75

[SOUR:]CURR .................................................................................................................................75

[SOUR:]CURR:TRIG .......................................................................................................................75

[SOUR:]CURR:MODE.....................................................................................................................76

[SOUR:]CURR:PROT.......................................................................................................................76

[SOUR:]CURR:PROT:STAT............................................................................................................76

[SOUR:]CURR:SAS:ISC ..................................................................................................................77

[SOUR:]CURR:SAS:IMP .................................................................................................................77

[SOUR:]CURR:TABL:NAME..........................................................................................................77

[SOUR:]CURR:TABL:OFFS ............................................................................................................77

[SOUR:]DIG:DATA.........................................................................................................................77

[SOUR:]VOLT .................................................................................................................................78

[SOUR:]VOLT:TRIG .......................................................................................................................78

[SOUR:]VOLT:PROT.......................................................................................................................79

[SOUR:]VOLT:SAS:VOC................................................................................................................79

[SOUR:]VOLT:SAS:VMP................................................................................................................79

[SOUR:]VOLT:TABL:OFFS ............................................................................................................80

Status Subsystem ....................................................................................................................................80

STAT:OPER?...................................................................................................................................80

STAT:OPER:COND?.......................................................................................................................80

STAT:OPER:ENAB .........................................................................................................................81

STAT:OPER:PTR/NTR....................................................................................................................81

STAT:PRES .....................................................................................................................................81

STAT:QUES?...................................................................................................................................82

STAT:QUES:COND?.......................................................................................................................82

STAT:QUES:ENAB.........................................................................................................................82

STAT:QUES:PTR/NTR....................................................................................................................83

System Commands .................................................................................................................................83

SYST:ERR?......................................................................................................................................83

SYST:VERS? ...................................................................................................................................84

Trigger Subsystem..................................................................................................................................84

ABOR...............................................................................................................................................84

INIT .................................................................................................................................................84

INIT:CONT......................................................................................................................................84

TRIG................................................................................................................................................85

TRIG:SOUR.....................................................................................................................................85

8. Status Reporting

HP SAS Status Structure.........................................................................................................................87

Operation Status Group ..........................................................................................................................87

Register Functions............................................................................................................................87

Register Commands..........................................................................................................................87

Questionable Status Group......................................................................................................................89

Register Functions............................................................................................................................89

Register Commands..........................................................................................................................89

Standard Event Status Group..................................................................................................................89

Register Functions............................................................................................................................89

Register Commands..........................................................................................................................89

Status Byte Register................................................................................................................................89

The RQS Bit.....................................................................................................................................90

The MSS Bit.....................................................................................................................................90

Determining the Cause of a Service Interrupt....................................................................................90

Service Request Enable Register .............................................................................................................90

Output Queue .........................................................................................................................................90

Initial Conditions at Power-On ...............................................................................................................90

Status Registers ................................................................................................................................90

The PON (Power-On) Bit..................................................................................................................91

Examples................................................................................................................................................91

Servicing an Operation Status Mode Event.......................................................................................91

Adding More Operation Events ........................................................................................................91

Servicing Questionable Status Events................................................................................................91

Monitoring Both Phases of a Status Transition..................................................................................92

SCPI Command Completion...................................................................................................................92

DFI (Discrete Fault Indicator).................................................................................................................92

RI (Remote Inhibit).................................................................................................................................93

Using Device Clear.................................................................................................................................93

A Specifications and Application Information

Specifications and Supplemental Characteristics.....................................................................................95

Output Impedance Graphs ......................................................................................................................99

Simulator Mode................................................................................................................................99

Fixed Mode.....................................................................................................................................101

Peak Power Tracker Application ..........................................................................................................102

Exponential Model Equations......................................................................................................... 103

Series Switching Regulation ................................................................................................................. 104

Shunt Switching Regulation..................................................................................................................104

B Verification and Calibration

Introduction..........................................................................................................................................105

Test Equipment Required......................................................................................................................105

Current Monitoring Resistor........................................................................................................... 105

Verification ..........................................................................................................................................106

General Measurement Techniques ..................................................................................................106

Programming the HP SAS ..............................................................................................................106

Order of Tests.................................................................................................................................106

Turn On Checkout..........................................................................................................................106

Voltage Programming and Readback Accuracy...............................................................................106

Current Programming and Readback Accuracy...............................................................................107

Calibration............................................................................................................................................108

Test Equipment Required................................................................................................................108

General Procedure .......................................................................................................................... 108

Parameters Calibrated.....................................................................................................................108

Front Panel Calibration.........................................................................................................................109

Entering the Calibration Values......................................................................................................109

Saving the Calibration Constants....................................................................................................109

Disabling the Calibration Mode......................................................................................................109

Changing the Calibration Password................................................................................................109

Recovering From Calibration Problems...........................................................................................111

Calibration Error Messages.............................................................................................................111

Calibration over the HP-IB ...................................................................................................................111

Calibration Example.......................................................................................................................111

Calibration Language Dictionary..........................................................................................................112

CAL:CURR....................................................................................................................................112

CAL:CURR:LEV............................................................................................................................ 112

CAL:PASS .....................................................................................................................................112

CAL:SAVE .................................................................................................................................... 112

CAL:STAT..................................................................................................................................... 113

CAL:VOLT....................................................................................................................................113

CAL:VOLT:LEV............................................................................................................................ 113

CAL:VOLT:PROT .........................................................................................................................113

HP-Basic Calibration Program..............................................................................................................114

C Digital Port Functions

Digital Connector .................................................................................................................................117

Fault/Inhibit Operation.........................................................................................................................117

Changing the Port Configuration.......................................................................................................... 119

Digital I/O Operation............................................................................................................................ 119

D Error Messages

Hardware Error Messages.....................................................................................................................121

Calibration Error Messages...................................................................................................................121

System Error Messages.........................................................................................................................121

Index...................................................................................................................................................123

HP Sales and Support Office.........................................................................................................128

General Information

What’s In This Guide?

This guide describes the HP Model E4350B/E4351B Solar Array Simulator (SAS). An overview of the unit is given in this chapter. Installation and user connections are discussed in chapters 2 and 4. Programming from the front panel and over the HP-IB is discussed in chapters 5-7. If you just need to check that the unit is operating properly, read chapter 3.

The edition and current revision of this manual are indicated on the title page. Reprints of this manual containing minor corrections and updates may have the same printing date. Revised editions are identified by a new printing date. A revised edition incorporates all new or corrected material since the previous printing date.

Changes to the manual occurring between revisions are covered by change sheets shipped with the manual. In some cases, the manual change applies only to specific instruments. Instructions provided on the change sheet will indicate if a particular change applies only to certain instruments.

Safety Considerations

The HP Solar Array Simulator is a Safety Class 1 instrument, which means it has a protective earth terminal. That terminal must be connected to earth ground through a power source equipped with a 3-wire ground receptacle. Refer to the Safety Summary page at the beginning of this guide for general safety information. Before installation or operation, check the HP SAS and review this guide for safety warnings and instructions. Safety warnings for specific procedures are located at appropriate places in the guide.

Options and Accessories

Table 1-1 Options

Option Description

100 220 240

909 Rack mount kit with handles (HP 5062-3983) Support rails (E3663A) are required. 910

Input power 100 Vac, nominal Input power 220 Vac, nominal Input power 240 Vac, nominal (for 230 Vac operation, see table A-2 in appendix A) Rack mount kit (HP 5062-3977) Support rails (E3663A) are required. Rack mount kit (HP 5062-3977 & 5062-3974) Support rails (E3663A) are required.

Service manual with extra User’s guides

Table 1-2 Accessories

Accessory Description HP No.

HP-IB cable (all models)

0.5 meters (1.6 ft) 10833D

1.0 meter (3.3 ft) 10833A

2.0 meters (6.6 ft) 10833B

4.0 meters ( 13 .2 ft) 10833C Serial link cable (all models)

2.0 meters (6.6 ft) 5080-2148 Slide mount kit 1494-0059

General Information 13

Operator Replaceable Parts

Table 1-3 Operator Replaceable Parts

Description HP Part No. Description HP Part No.

Cover, dc output 0360-2191 Plug, analog connector 1252-3698 Foot, cabinet 5041-8801 Plug, digital connector 1252-1488 Fuse, power 100 Vac line voltage, 15 A 120 Vac line voltage, 12 A 220/230/240 Vac line voltage, 7 A

2110-0054 2110-0249

21l0-06l4

Screw, output bus bar Screw, terminal cover Screw, carrying strap, M5x0.8x10 mm Standoff, HP-IB

0515-1085 0515-1085 0515-1132 0380-0644

Knob, rotary output control 0370-3238

Description

The HP E4350B/E4351B Solar Array Simulator (SAS) is a dc power source that simulates the output characteristics of a solar array. The HP SAS is primarily a current source with very low output capacitance. It is capable of simulating the I-V curve of a solar array under different conditions such as temperature and age. The I-V curve is programmable over the IEEE-488.2 bus and is automatically generated within the HP SAS. The HP SAS has three operating modes:

Fixed Mode: This is the default mode that occurs when the unit is first powered up. The I-V output has the rectangular characteristics of a standard power supply, but with excellent high speed constant current characteristics and low output capacitance. Fixed mode allows front panel programming and is convenient when, in certain applications, the I-V curve is not needed.

Simulator Mode: An internal algorithm is used to simulate a SAS I-V curve. One can easily approximate the curve through four input parameters: open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current (Isc), current at the approximate maximum power point on the curve (Imp), and voltage at the approximate maximum power point on the curve (Vmp).

Table Mode: The HP SAS provides a table mode for a fast and accurate I-V simulation of solar arrays. In this mode, a table of I-V points, often provided by the solar array manufacturer, specifies the curve. The HP SAS provides up to 60 tables with a total of 33,500 I-V points of storage and a maximum of 4,000 I-V points per table. The tables (I-V curves) are easily stored and recalled. A portion of table storage is allocated in non-volatile memory, with 30 possible tables totaling 3,500 points. These are retained when power is turned off. In table mode, current and voltage offsets can be applied to the selected table to simulate a change in the operating conditions of the solar array.

Key Features

n 480 Watt output n Auto-parallel capability for higher power n Very low output capacitance n Switching recovery time in less than 5 microseconds n Programmable overvoltage and over-current protection which are independent of other circuits n Overtemperature protection n Fan speed control to minimize acoustic noise n Extensive set of programming features n Fast I-V curve change in both table and simulator modes n Up to 60 volatile/non-volatile tables n Self test at power-up or from an IEEE-488.2 command n Serial link to connect up to 16 outputs to one IEEE-488.2 address n Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments (SCPI)

14 General Information

Output Characteristic

IVset

set

IV120V = E4351B

E4351B = 4A

480W MAX

VOLTAGE

TYPICAL FIXED MODE OUTPUT

MAXIMUM CURRENT

60V = E4350B

The HP E4350B/E4351B Solar Array Simulator can be operated in three modes: fixed mode, simulator mode, and table mode. Mode switching on the HP SAS is accomplished over the HP-IB bus via the SCPI CURRent:MODE command. You

cannot switch modes from the front panel.

Note: The HP SAS must be connected to a computer for you to be able to use the SAS functions that are

available in simulator and table modes.

The front panel does not indicate which mode the HP SAS is presently operating in. If you are unsure which mode the unit is presently in, you can query the unit over the HP-IB using the CURRent:MODE? command. If you cycle power to the unit, it will be in Fixed mode.

Fixed Mode

At power turn on, with *RST, or when executing a Device Clear, the operating state of the HP SAS is Fixed mode (see Figure 1-1). In Fixed mode, the output characteristic is similar to that of a standard power supply, except that the output capacitance is <100 nF on the HP E4350B, and <50 nF on the HP E4351B. This low output capacitance is ideal when using the unit as a constant current source. To use the unit as a low-impedance constant voltage source however, you can add an external output capacitor if so desired. The value of the external capacitor should not exceed 2,000 µF.

E4350B = 8A

MAXIMUM

Figure 1-1. Fixed Mode Characteristic

Restrictions

n If the programmed values exceed the maximum current and voltage boundaries by more than 2 or 3 percent, an OUT

OF RANGE error will be indicated.

Simulator Mode

Simulator mode uses an exponential model to approximate the I-V curve (see Figure 1-2). It is programmed in terms of its open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current (Isc), voltage point (Vmp), and current point (Imp) at approximately the peak power point (see page A-9 in appendix A for model equations). Simulator mode operation is achieved by sampling the output voltage, applying a low-pass filter, and continually adjusting the constant current loop by using the filtered voltage as an index into the exponential model.

General Information 15

IVscmpoc

120V 130V = E4351B

E4351B = 4A

480W MAX

VOLTAGE

TYPICAL CURVE

MAXIMUM CURRENT

E4350B = 8A

60V 65V = E4350B

POINTS UNDER DASHED LINE ARE INVALID

MAXIMUM

= 1Ω min (E4351B) .25Ω min (E4350B)

Figure 1-2. Simulator Mode Characteristic

Note that under certain conditions, such as if Imp is significantly less than Isc, the model equation will exhibit a certain degree of inaccuracy in that the actual maximum power point (Pmp) and value may be somewhat different from the expected value of Pmp (Imp x Vmp). Thus the actual Pmp point may not occur at exactly the Imp x Vmp. This can be corrected by entering new values for Imp and Vmp (see Figure A-1 in appendix A).

Also note that the accuracy specifications in simulator mode are relative to the values given in the exponential equations, and not necessarily to the input parameters Imp and Vmp. However, the Isc and Voc values are always accurately given by the exponential equations.

Restrictions:

n Maximum Power ≤ 480 W n Voc ≤ 130 V (E4351B) or 65 V (E4350B) n Isc ≤ 4 A (E4351B) or 8 A (E4350B) n Vmp < Voc n Imp ≤ Isc n ∆V/∆I ≥ .25 Ω for HP E4350B; ≥ 1 Ω for HP E4351B

NOTE: When the unit detects invalid equation parameters, it will generate an error, light the ERR annunciator on

the front panel, and will not use the new parameters. Instead, it will operate with the last valid settings. Therefore, although it may seem that the unit is operating correctly, it will NOT be using the values that you have programmed for simulator mode.

If simulator mode is entered with no parameters specified, E4350B

E4351B

the default values that will be used are: Voc 61.5 V 123 V

Vmp 49.2 V 98.4 V Imp 6.528 A 3.264 A Isc 8.16 A 4.08 A Pmp 321.2 W 321.2 W

16 General Information

Front panel operation:

IVsc

V0E4351B = 4A

480W MAX

.25

min (E4350B)

VOLTAGE

TYPICAL CURVE

MAXIMUM CURRENT

E4350B = 8A

120V 130V = E4351B

60V 65V = E4350B

You can use the front panel when the unit is operating in Simulator mode. To do this, press the Local key whenever the front panel RMT annunciator is on. Be aware however, that any voltage and current values that you enter from the front panel will have no effect on the unit while it is in Simulator mode. These front panel values will take effect as soon as the unit is placed in Fixed mode. Likewise, the OCP function only takes effect in Fixed mode. All other functions such as Local, Error, Output On/Off, Protect are active while the unit is operating in Simulator mode.

Table Mode

In Table mode, the output characteristic is determined by a user-defined table of voltage/current points (see Figure 1-3). Table mode operation is achieved by sampling the output voltage, applying a low-pass filter, and continually adjusting the constant current loop by using the filtered voltage as an index into the stored table of points. Linear interpolation is used to set the current when the filtered voltage does not have an exactly matching table entry. What this means is that the I-V curve is generated by connecting the points in the table by straight lines. The more points that you provide, the more accurate the curve will be when the points are connected.

MAXIMUM

POINTS UNDER DASHED LINE ARE INVALID

= 1Ω min (E4351B)

Figure 1-3. Table Mode Characteristic

Each table can have a maximum of 4,000 output points (3,500 points if it will be stored in non-volatile memory). Each output point is defined by a voltage/current coordinate pair of values that define the location of the point on the curve. The first value is the voltage, the second value is the current. If no point is supplied for V=0, the current associated with the lowest voltage entry point is defined as Isc and the curve will be extended horizontally to the current axis. If no point is supplied for I=0, the slope that was determined by the last two current entry points will be extended to the voltage axis.

Multiple tables can be defined and saved in non-volatile memory (which is limited to 3500 points), or volatile memory (which is limited to 30,000 points). Up to 30 tables can be saved in each memory.

Restrictions

n The number of points in a table can vary from 3 to 4000, but an equal number of voltage and current values must be

sent. Otherwise an error will occur when the table is selected with CURRent:TABLe:NAME. Use MEMory:TABLe:CURRent:POINts? and MEMory:TABLe:VOLTage:POINts? to find the length of an existing table.

n Points must be above dashed line shown in Figure 1-3.

General Information 17

n There is no restriction on the spacing between points in either voltage or current, but the points must be monotonic.

Voltage values must be sent in increasing order of magnitude; current values must be sent in equal or decreasing order of magnitude. For an HP E4350B for example: (1,8) (50,7.8) (55,7.5) (56,7) (57, 6) (58, 4) (59,1).

n Each table point, when combined with the table offset, cannot exceed the unit's maximum voltage, current, or power. n A table cannot be deleted or redefined while it is selected with CURRent:TABLe:NAME. n Maximum Power ≤ 480 W n ∆V/∆I ≥ .25 Ω for HP E4350B; ≥ 1 Ω for HP E4351B

Voc ≤ 65V (HP E4350B); 130V (HP E4351B) Isc ≤ 8A (HP E4350B); 4A (HP E4351B) The Vmp and Imp points are calculated internally and need not be supplied.

NOTE: When the unit detects an invalid voltage/current point, it will generate an error, light the ERR annunciator

on the front panel, and will not use the new parameters. Instead, it will operate with the last valid table settings. Therefore, although it may seem that the unit is operating correctly, it will NOT be using the values that you have programmed for table mode.

Table Offsets:

A new table can be generated by applying a limited voltage or current offset to an existing table. This can be helpful in simulating temperature, angular, rotational, or aging changes. Offset values are non-cumulative, they can be either positive or negative, and can be applied to any table. Each time a voltage or current offset is programmed, a new I-V curve is calculated based on the user-defined table that is presently active and the supplied offset values. Offset values affect the original I-V curve as follows:

Positive Voltage Offsets:

The original curve is shifted to the right (à) along the positive voltage axis, and the first point on the curve is extended horizontally at Isc until it intersects the current axis. Thus, the new Voc equals the original Voc plus the offset value. An error will be generated if the offset causes the maximum allowed Voc or the power limit to be exceeded.

Negative Voltage Offsets:

The original curve is offset to the left (ß) along the positive voltage axis, and terminated at the current axis. The curve points that are not used because they extended beyond the current axis are not deleted; they will be valid once again if the negative voltage offset is reduced or eliminated.

Positive Current Offsets:

The original curve is offset up (á) along the positive current axis, and the last point on the curve will be extended (at the same slope that was present in the original table curve at Voc) until it intersects the voltage axis at a new, slightly higher Voc value. The new Isc equals the original Isc plus the offset value. An error will be generated if the offset causes the maximum allowed Isc, Voc, or the power limit to be exceeded.

Negative Current Offsets:

The original curve is offset down (â) along the positive current axis, and terminated at the voltage axis at a new, lower Voc value. The curve points that are not used because they are extended beyond the voltage axis are not deleted; they will be valid once again if the negative current offset is reduced or eliminated.

Front panel operation:

You can use the front panel when the unit is operating in Table mode. To do this, press the Local key whenever the front panel RMT annunciator is on. Be aware however, that any voltage and current values that you enter from the front panel will have no effect on the unit while it is in Table mode. The front panel values will take effect as soon as the unit is placed in Fixed mode. Likewise, the OCP function only takes effect in Fixed mode. All other functions such as Local, Error, Output On/Off, Protect are active while the unit is operating in Simulator mode.

18 General Information

Installation

Inspection

Damage

When you receive your HP SAS, inspect it for any obvious damage that may have occurred during shipment. If there is damage, notify the shipping carrier and the nearest HP Sales and Support Office immediately. Warranty information is printed in the front of this guide.

Packaging Material

Until you have checked out the HP SAS, save the shipping carton and packing materials in case the HP SAS has to be returned to Hewlett-Packard. If you return the HP SAS for service, attach a tag identifying the model number and the owner. Also include a brief description of the problem.

Items Supplied

In addition to this manual, check that the following items in Table 2-1 are included with your HP SAS

Table 2-1. Items Supplied

Power cord

Your HP SAS was shipped with a power cord for the type of outlet specified for your location. If the appropriate cord was not included, contact your nearest HP Sales and Support Office (see end of this guide) to obtain the correct cord. Caution: The HP SAS cannot use a standard power cord. The power cords supplied by Hewlett-Packard have heavier gauge wire.

Analog connector

Digital connector

Serial cable

Change page

A 7-terminal analog plug (see table 1-3 in chapter 1) that connects to the back of the unit. Analog connections are described in chapter 4.

A 4-terminal digital plug (see table 1-3 in chapter 1) that connects to the back of the unit. Digital connections are described in appendix C - Digital Port Functions

A 2-meter cable (see table 1-2 in chapter 1) that connects to the control bus (next to the HP-IB connector). This cable is used to serially connect multiple supplies as described under Controller Connections in Chapter 4.

If applicable, change sheets may be included with this guide. If there are change sheets, make the indicated corrections in this guide.

Location and Temperature

Bench Operation

The Supplemental Characteristics in appendix A give the dimensions of your HP SAS. The cabinet has plastic feet that are shaped to ensure self-alignment when stacked with other HP System II cabinets. The feet may be removed for rack mounting. Your HP SAS must be installed in a location that allows sufficient space at the sides and rear of the cabinet for adequate air circulation. Minimum clearances are 1 inch (25 mm) along the sides. Do not block the fan exhaust at the rear of the unit.

Installation 19

Rack Mounting

The HP SAS can be mounted in a standard l9-inch rack panel or cabinet. Rack mounting kits are available as Option 908 or 909 (with handles). Installation instructions are included with each rack mounting kit. Support rails are required when rack-mounting the HP SAS (see table 1-1).

Temperature Performance

A variable-speed fan cools the unit by drawing air through the sides and exhausting it out the back. Using HP rack mount or slides will not impede the flow of air. The HP SAS operates without loss of performance within the temperature range of 0 °C to 40 °C and with derated output current from 40 °C to 55 °C (see appendix A).

If the HP SAS is operated at full output current for several hours, the sheet metal immediately under the transformer (near the right front) can get very hot. Do not touch this area of the cabinet. The line cord also can become quite warm. Both of these conditions are normal.

AC Line Connection

Refer to the applicable paragraphs below for information on the ac line. Do not apply power to the HP SAS until directed to do so in Chapter 3.

Check the line Rating label on the rear of your unit and verify that the voltage shown there corresponds to the nominal line voltage of your ac line. If it does not, see AC Line Voltage Conversion for instructions on changing the HP SAS line voltage configuration.

The supplied cord connects to the power receptacle on the rear panel ( -, Figure 2-l).

n You can operate your HP SAS from a nominal 100 V, 120 V, 220 V, 230 V, or 240 V single-phase ac line as

indicated on the rear panel line Rating label ¬.

n See "AC Input Ratings" in table A-l or table A-2 in appendix A for the voltage and frequency range for the HP SAS.

Refer to "Maximum AC Line Current Ratings" for the maximum load current.

n The line fuse is located in a fuseholder on the rear panel

. The rear panel label shows the fuse value used in the

unit. See Operator Replaceable Parts in chapter 1 for replacement fuse information.

20 Installation

Figure 2-1. HP SAS Power Connection

AC Line Voltage Conversion

SHOCK HAZARD. Hazardous voltage can remain inside the unit even after it has been turned off. This procedure should only be done by qualified electronics service personnel.

Line voltage conversion is accomplished by changing wire and jumper positions on the ac input of the main power transformer. Proceed as follows:

1. Turn off the ac power to the unit and disconnect the power cord from the ac line.

2. Remove the four screws that secure the two carrying straps and outer cover.

3. Slightly spread the bottom rear of the cover and pull it back to disengage it from the front panel.

4. Slide the dust cover back far enough to expose the line select jumpers (see figure 2-2).

5. Move the line voltage select jumpers to the positions corresponding to the desired line voltage. To disconnect it from the transformer tab, pull the wire straight up. Moving the wire from side-to-side can damage the tab.

7. Replace the top cover and secure the carrying straps.

8. Change the line fuse (on the rear panel) to the proper value for the new line voltage .

Figure 2-2. HP SAS Line Select Jumpers

Installation 21

Turn-On Checkout

Introduction

Successful tests in this chapter provide a high degree of confidence that the HP SAS is operating properly. For verification tests, see appendix B under Verification. Do not apply ac power to the HP SAS until told to do so.

Note This chapter provides a preliminary introduction to the HP SAS front panel. See chapter 5 - Front Panel

Operation for more details. During this procedure, the HP SAS is operating in Fixed mode.

Preliminary Checkout

1. Make certain that the front panel switch is off.

2. Examine the Line Fuse Rating label on the rear panel.

a. Verify that the line voltage rating agrees with your ac line. If it does not, see chapter 2 under AC Line Voltage

Conversion.

b. Use a screwdriver to remove the line fuse from the fuseholder. Verify that the fuse is as specified on the label.

Replace the fuse.

3. Check that the SENSE switch is set to Local.

4. Make sure that there is no load connected to the output terminals or bus bars.

Power-On Checkout

1. Connect the power cord to the unit.

2. Turn the front panel power switch to ON (1).

3. The HP SAS undergoes a self-test when you turn it on. If the test is normal, the following sequence appears on the

LCD:

a. ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ a brief star-burst pattern which lights all the LCDs, followed by

b. A D D R 5 the HP-IB address (factory default is 5).

4. The display then goes into the meter mode with the Dis annunciator on and all others off. “Meter mode” means that the

VOLTS digits indicate the output voltage and the AMPS digits indicate the output current. These values will be at or near zero.

5. Verify that the HP SAS fan is on by placing your hand near the rear grill to feel the air flow. You may also be able to

hear the fan operating.

6. Press once. The Dis annunciator will go off and the CV annunciator will go on .

Note If the HP SAS detects an error during self-test, the display will show an error message. Go to “In Case of

Trouble” at the end of this chapter.

Turn-On Checkout 23

Using The Keypad

Shifted Keys

Some of the front panel keys perform two functions, one labeled in black and the other in blue. You access the blue function by first pressing the blue key, which is not labeled. When the Shift annunciator is on, you will know you

have access to the key's shifted (blue) function.

Backspace Key

The key is an erase key. If you make a mistake entering a number and have not yet entered it (have not pressed

), you can delete the number by pressing . You may delete as many numbers as you wish by repeatedly

pressing this key.

Output Checkout

Important When the HP SAS is turned on, it asserts the state stored in EEPROM memory location 0. For a new

unit, this is the factory default (*RST) state. The following procedures assume that the factory default state is still in location 0 (see Turn-On Conditions in chapter 5 for details).

Checking the Voltage Function

The tests in Table 3-1 check the basic voltage functions with no load connected to the HP SAS. These test are possible only from the front panel when the unit is operating in Fixed mode. The VOLTS display will show various readings. Ignore the AMPS display.

Table 3-1. Checking the Voltage Functions with Output Terminals Open

Procedure Display Explanation

Either leave the output terminals open or connect them to a voltmeter.

If the Dis annunciator is on, turn it off by pressing

Press key VOLT 0.000

Press

Press 40.00 Enter the voltage. Meter mode displays output voltage. During these

Press several times

Press the same number of times

VOLT 40 Program output to 40 volts.

Default voltage setting. CV annunciator should be on. (If CC annunicator is on, increase the current by pressing one or more

times until CC turns off and CV turns on.)

tests, there may be a small (relative to full output) AMPS reading that will be ignored.

Voltage decreases several millivolts each time you press the key.

Voltage increases several millivolts each time you press the key.

24 Turn-On Checkout

Table 3-1. Checking the Voltage Functions with Output Terminals Open (continued)

Procedure Display Explanation

Rotate the Voltage control first counterclockwise and then clockwise

Press

40.00 Program the output to 40 volts.

Press Display shows default OVP (overvoltage protection) trip voltage for

Press OV 30 Program the OVP to 30 volts, which is less than the output voltage.

Press 0.000 OVP voltage entered is less than the output voltage. This causes the

Control operates similarly to and keys. The control is rate sensitive. Turning it more quickly causes a more rapid change in

voltage.

your unit (see Supplemental Characteristics in appendix A).

OVP circuit to trip. The output drops to zero, CV turns off, and Prot turns on.

Press

Press Return display to meter mode (optional step).

Press 0.000 Program the OVP to 50 volts, which is greater than the output voltage.

Press Prot Clear

( )*

* is the unlabeled blue key.

Checking the Current Function

The tests in Table 3-2 check the basic current functions with a short connected across the HP SAS output. These tests are possible only from the front panel when the unit is operating in Fixed mode. Do not program maximum output currents unless the shorting wire is capable of handling the current (see Supplemental Characteristics in appendix A and table 4-1). The AMPS display will show various readings. Ignore the VOLTS display.

Table 3-2. Checking the Current Functions with Output Terminals Shorted

Action Display Explanation

OV - - - - - Shows that the HP SAS shuts down because the OVP circuit has

tripped.

Note: You cannot clear an OVP trip until you have first removed the cause of the condition.

40.00

The OVP circuit is cleared, restoring the output. Prot turns off and CV turns on.

Turn off the HP SAS and connect a #18 AWG or larger wire across the output (+) and (-) terminals. If you intend to test at full-rated output current, use a wire or wires of sufficient size to carry the maximum current of the unit (see

Supplemental Characteristics in appendix A and table 4-1 in Chapter 4).

Turn on the unit. Set the voltage to its maximum value. This example assumes that you have an 60-volt unit (see Table 7-3 for the value for your specific unit).

Meter mode

Essentially zero outputs with Dis annunciator on.

Turn-On Checkout 25

Table 3-2. Checking the Current Functions with Output Terminals Shorted (continued)

Action Display Explanation

Press VOLT 60.000 Program output to 60 volts.

Press AMPS 1.000 Program output to 1 ampere.

Press AMPS 1. 000

Press several times Current decreases several milliamperes each time you press the

Press the same number of times

Rotate the Current control first counterclockwise and then clockwise

Press You have enabled the overcurrent protection circuit. The circuit

Press AMPS 0.000

Press

Dis annunciator turns off, CC annunciator turns on, and AMPS display shows the programmed current. The output voltage should be close to zero volts.

key.

Current increases several milliamperes each time you press the key.

Control operates similarly to the and keys. The control is rate sensitive. Turning it more quickly

causes a more rapid change in current.

then tripped because of the output short. The CC annunciator turns off and the OCP and Prot annunciators come on. The output current is near zero. Note that the overcurrent protection circuit is disabled in Simulator and in Table modes.

Dis annunciator turns on.

You have disabled the overcurrent protection circuit. The OCP annunciator turns off.

Press

( )*

Press AMPS 1.000

If you have a shorting wire of sufficient capacity, you may continue testing up to the maximum rated current of the HP SAS (see Performance Specifications in appendix A). When finished, go to the next step.

Press AMPS 0.000

Turn off the HP SAS and remove the short from the output terminals.

* is the unlabeled blue key.

You have cleared the overcurrent protection circuit. The Prot annunciator turns off.

Dis turns off and CC turns on. The output current is restored.

Dis turns on and output current drops to zero.

26 Turn-On Checkout

Checking The Save And Recall Functions

The Save and Recall functions are applicable to the HP SAS in Fixed mode only. Note that in Simulator or in Table modes, the Save function is ignored, the recall will return the unit to the Fixed mode and reset the parameters to the *RST values (refer to the discussion of *RCL in chapter 7). The HP SAS has five nonvolatile memory storage locations (0 through 4). Proceed as follows:

n Make certain that the output is on (Dis annunciator is off). n Set the voltage output to 5 by pressing .

n Save this value to location 1 by pressing . n Return the output voltage to 0 by pressing (This step is based on the fact that a newly shipped HP

SAS has the *RST parameters stored in location 0 (see chapter 5 - Front Panel Operation for more information).

n Press and notice that the output voltage returns to the value stored in location 1.

Determining The HP-IB Address

When the HP SAS is turned on, the display shows ADDR n, where n is the HP SAS HP-IB address. Any time you want to see the address, press .

The display will indicate ADDR 5, which is the factory default. If the address has been changed, then a different number will appear (see Setting the HP-IB Address in chapter 5).

In Case Of Trouble

Line Fuse

If your unit appears dead with a blank display and the fan not running, first check your ac line to be certain that voltage is being supplied to the HP SAS. If the power source is normal, the HP SAS line fuse may be defective. If the unit has a defective fuse, replace it only once. If it fails again, investigate the reason for the failure.

The line fuse is located on the rear panel. To change the fuse proceed as follows:

1. Turn off the front panel power switch.

2. Using a screwdriver, remove the fuse from the fuseholder. Replace it with one of the same type (see table 1-3 in chapter l).

3. Turn on the HP SAS and check the operation.

Error Messages

HP SAS failure may occur during power-on selftest or during operation. In either case, the display may show an error message that indicates the reason for the failure.

Selftest Errors

When a selftest error occurs, it prevents all front panel operation. The display may show either a power-on error message or a checksum error message.

Power-On Error Messages

Power-on messages appear as:

En- - - - - Where "n" is a number listed in Table 3-3. If this occurs, turn the power off and then back on to see if the error persists. It is possible to recover from the EE CHKSUM error (see "Checksum Errors"). If any other message persists, the HP SAS requires service.

Turn-On Checkout 27

Table 3-3. Power-On Selftest Errors

Error

No.

El E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7

Display Failed Test Error

FP RAM FP ROM EE CHKSUM PRI XRAM PRI IRAM PRI ROM HPIB

Front Panel RAM E8 Front Panel ROM checksum E9 EEPROM E10 Primary external RAM Ell Primary internal RAM thermistor reading Primary ROM checksum E12 HP-IB R/W to serial poll readback

No.

Display Failed Test

SEC RAM SEC ROM SEC 5V TEMP

DACS

Secondary RAM Secondary ROM checksum Secondary 5 V ADC reading Secondary ambient

Secondary VDAC/IDAC

Checksum Errors.

If the display shows EE CHKSUM, the HP SAS has detected an EEPROM checksum error. A checksum error can occur due to the following conditions:

n Excessive number of write cycles to an EEPROM (see "Supplemental Characteristics"). This condition, which would

appear only after extended use, is not recoverable and requires service.

n Loss of ac input power during a checksum calculation. This condition, which is very unlikely, is recoverable.

You may be able to recover from a checksum error by writing to the EEPROM while the HP SAS is in the calibration mode. To do this, proceed as follows:

1. Enable the calibration mode by pressing .

2. PASWD will appear on the display.

3. Press the number keys corresponding to the password, followed by . The Cal annunciator will go on.

Note On new equipment, the default calibration password corresponds to the model number (such as 4350). See

appendix B under Changing the Calibration Password for more information.

4. Save any operating state (for example, press ).

5. Turn the power off and then back on.

A normal display free of error messages should appear. If not, the HP SAS requires service.

Runtime Error Messages

Under unusual operating conditions, the VOLT or AMPS display may show +OL or -OL. This indicates that either the output voltage or current is beyond the range of the meter readback circuit, or that the value that is programmed is out of range. Table 3-4 shows other error messages that may appear at runtime.

Table 3-4. Runtime Errors

Display Meaning Display Meaning

EE WRITE ERR SBUF FULL

SERIAL DOWN STK OVERFLOW

EEPROM status timeout Message too long for buffer

Failed communication with front panel Front panel stack overflow

UART FRAMING UART OVERRUN UART PARITY

UART byte framing error Overfilled UART receive buffer

UART byte parity error panel

28 Turn-On Checkout

User Connections

Rear Panel Connections

Make application load connections to the output terminals or bus bars, analog connector, and digital connector as shown on the rear-panel drawing for your model HP SAS. Make controller connections (HP-IB and serial link) as shown in Figure 4-12 at the end of this chapter.

Wire Selection

Fire Hazard To satisfy safety requirements, load wires must be large enough not to overheat when carrying the maximum short-circuit current of the HP SAS. If there is more than one load, then any pair of load wires must be capable of safely carrying the full-rated current of the unit.

Table 4-1 lists the characteristics of AWG (American Wire Gauge) copper wire.

Table 4-1. Wire Characteristics

AWG No. Ampacity (in free air) Resistance (at 20 deg. C)

Ω/m Ω/ft

20 8.33 0.0345 0.01054 18 15.4 0.0217 0.00663 16 19.4 0.0137 0.00417 14 31.2 0.0086 0.00262 12 40 0.0054 0.00165

Analog Connector

This connector, which is on the rear panel, is for connecting remote sense leads, external current monitors, and external current programming sources. The connector accepts wires sizes from AWG 22 to AWG 12.

• Insert Wires κ Tighten screws

+IP Differential current programming input (positive).

−IP Differential current programming input (negative).

−SAS Auto-parallel output connection (SAS mode only). Pσ Common output for -IM and -SAS signals.

SAS

+ -

−IM Current monitor output (referenced to Pσ). + S remote sense input (positive).

−S remote sense input (negative).

Figure 4-1. Rear Panel Analog Connector

Note It is good engineering practice to twist or shield all signal wires to and from the analog and digital

connectors. To minimize spurious operation, make sure that all analog wiring except for the + and − sense wires does not exceed 3 meters in length.

User Connections 29

Digital Connector

+240 VDC

634

This connector, which is on the rear panel, is for connecting fault/inhibit, digital I/O, or relay link signals. The connector accepts wires sizes from AWG 22 to AWG 12.

• Insert Wires ‚ Tighten

Load Connections

Pin No.

1 2 3 4

Factory default function is FAULT/INHIBIT.

INH COMMON

Screws

Figure 4-2. Rear Panel Digital Connector

Fault/Inhibit

FLT OUTPUT FLT OUTPUT

INH INPUT

IMI P

SAS

+S-

SENSE

Digital I/O

OUT 0 OUT 1

IN/OUT 2

COMMON

Local

Remote

M4 x 0.7 x 8mm

• Output Safety Cover ‚ + Output Terminal ƒ - Output Terminal „ Chassis ground (Earth) … Output Sense Switch † Analog Connector

Figure 4-3. SAS Rear Panel Output Connections

Output Isolation

The output of the HP SAS has dc isolation from earth ground. Either output terminal may be grounded, or an external voltage source may be connected between either output and ground. However, both output terminals must be kept within ±240 Vdc of ground. An earth ground terminal is provided on the rear panel for convenience, such as grounding wire shields.

The earth ground terminal on the rear panel is a low-noise signal ground for convenience only. It is not designed to function as a safety ground.

Capacitive Loads

In Fixed Mode Operation, the maximum external capacitance that may be added to the output without causing instability is 2,000 µF. This is also the maximum capacitance value that can be safely discharged by the OVP (overvoltage protection) circuit.

30 User Connections

Because of its high output voltage, the HP E4351B generates high currents when discharging the load capacitor under overvoltage conditions. Excessive currents can damage the unit. The peak discharge current is limited by the sum of the external capacitor's ESR (equivalent series resistance) and the series resistance of the external circuit. For the HP E4351B’s external capacitance limit of 2,000 µF, the total resistance must not be less than 56 milliohms. For smaller values of external capacitance,

the total resistance may be derated linearly.

Inductive Loads

When operating in Simulator mode, load inductance should be kept under 200µH. For twisted pair wires or zipcord, figure approximately 0.25µH per foot of load lead wire.

Connecting to an External Voltage Source

The HP SAS’s overvoltage circuit contains a crowbar SCR that effectively shorts the output of the unit whenever OVP trips.

Note If the OVP trips, you must remove any external source of current in order to reset the internal SCR as

part of clearing the OVP circuit (see Clearing the OV Condition in chapter 8).

If an external voltage source such as a battery is connected across the output and the OVP is inadvertently triggered, the HP SAS will continuously sink a large current from the source. This could damage the HP SAS. To avoid this, insert a reverse blocking diode in series with either output of the HP SAS in the direction of normal output current flow. The diode’s voltage rating should be at least 150% of the HP SAS’s output voltage rating. The diode may also require a heat sink.

Sense Connections

Your HP SAS was shipped set up for local sensing. This means that the unit will sense and regulate its output voltage at the output terminals, with the load voltage being somewhat lower due to load lead voltage drop. Where load voltage regulation is critical, remote sensing may be required.

Local sensing is obtained by placing the SENSE switch (see Figure 4-3) in the Local position (button in). The HP SAS is shipped with the switch in this position.

Note If the sense terminals are left unconnected with the sense switch in the Remote position, the voltage at

the output will increase approximately 3 to 5 % over the programmed value. Since the front panel meter measures the output voltage at the sense terminals, the voltage readback will not reflect this increase.

Remote Voltage Sensing

Optional Remote sense connections are illustrated in most of the load diagrams. Remote sensing is accomplished by connecting the remote sense terminals of the HP SAS directly to the load rather than to the output terminals. This allows the unit to automatically compensate for the voltage drop in the load leads as well as to accurately read back the voltage directly across the load.

In Fixed mode, the maximum allowable load lead drop that can be compensated for by remote sensing is 2 V. In Simulator and Table mode, the maximum allowable voltage drop in the load leads is 2 V + (Voc - Vmp).

The HP SAS is shipped with the switch in the Local position. Remote sensing is obtained by placing the SENSE switch (see Figure 4-3) in the Remote position. Connect the positive side of the load to the +S analog connector pin and the

User Connections 31

negative side of the load to the -S analog connector pin (see Figure 4-1). Connect the sense leads carefully so that they do not become open-circuited. If sense leads are left open during operation, the unit will regulate at the output terminals instead of at the load, but with a 3% to 5% increase in voltage at the output terminals. Bundle or tie wrap the load leads to minimize inductance and reduce noise pickup.

CV Regulation

The Fixed mode voltage load regulation specification in appendix A applies at the output terminals of the HP SAS. When remote sensing, this specification must be adjusted by adding 3 mV to the voltage load regulation specification for each 1-volt change in the positive load lead due to a change in load current.

Because the sense leads are also part of the unit's feedback path, keep the resistance of the sense leads low in order to obtain the best performance. The additional load regulation due to resistance in the sense leads is given by the formula:

Regulation in millivolts

= where K = 3 for E4350B; 7 for E4351B

Overvoltage Protection Considerations

The OVP circuit senses the voltage at the output terminals, not at the sense terminals. With remote sensing, the voltage sensed by the OVP circuit will be higher than the voltage being maintained at the load. Therefore, when using remote sensing, you must program the OVP high enough to compensate for the expected voltage drop between the output and the load.

Output Rating

The rated output voltage and current specification in appendix A applies at the output terminals of the HP SAS. With remote sensing, any voltage dropped in the load leads causes the unit to increase the voltage at the output terminals so it can maintain the proper voltage at the load (see Remote Voltage Sensing). If you attempt to operate at the full-rated output at the load, this may force the voltage at the output terminals to exceed the unit's rated output.

This will not damage the unit, but may trip the OVP (overvoltage protection) circuit, which senses the voltage at the output. When operated beyond its rated output, the unit's performance specifications are not guaranteed, although typical performance may be good. If the excessive demand on the unit forces it to lose regulation, the Unr annunciator will indicate that the output is unregulated.

Output Noise

(total load lead drop) * (total sense lead resistance)

Any noise picked up on the sense leads also appears at the output of the HP SAS and may adversely affect the load voltage regulation. Be sure to twist the sense leads to minimize external noise pickup and route them parallel and close to the load leads. In noisy environments, it may be necessary to shield the sense leads. Ground the shield only at the HP SAS. Do not

use the shield as one of the sense conductors.

Stability

In Simulator and Table modes, the unit is stable with constant current, constant resistance, constant voltage, and any capacitive loads. Inductive loads should be kept less than 200µH.

In Fixed mode, the unit is stable if the output capacitance is less than 2000µF.

32 User Connections

Over Current Protection Considerations

-S

+-2

IMIPIP+S-S+-

AB3

The front panel overcurrent protection (OCP) is functional only when the HP SAS is operating in Fixed mode. This is because the normal function of the OCP circuit, when enabled, is to turn the output of the HP SAS off whenever the unit changes from constant voltage operation to constant current operation. Since constant current mode is the normal operating state of both Simulator and Table modes, the OCP key is disabled to prevent the output from turning off. Note that even though OCP is disabled, the OCP annunciator still lights when the OCP key is pushed in Simulator and Table modes.

The OCP protection level is the same as the output current limit setting. When the OCP is enabled in Fixed mode and the operating mode of the unit changes from constant voltage to constant current, the OCP circuit trips and turns the output off in approximately 200 milliseconds. This delay time can be adjusted with the OUTPut:PROTection:DELay command. The PROT annunciator on the front panel display turns on when the OCP condition occurs. When reading the protection message in the front panel display, the reading will be OC.

Clear the OCP condition by pressing Prot Clear on the front panel or by sending an OUTPut:PROTection:CLEar command over the HP-IB. Note that you can program an OUTPut:PROTection:DELay time to prevent nuisance tripping of the OCP circuit when it is enabled.

Hardware Overcurrent Circuit (OC)

The HP SAS has a hardware overcurrent circuit (OC) that protects the unit if the output current exceeds a preset value. Although active in all operating modes, this circuit is primarily provided for the Simulator and Table modes since both of these modes disable the constant-current OCP function. When tripped, the OC circuit shuts off the output and fires the internal SCR in approximately 50 to 100 microseconds.

Note The OC circuit limit can only be programmed over the HP-IB using the CURRent:PROTection command.

You cannot set the OC limit from the front panel, and you cannot program a delay time for this circuit.

When an overcurrent condition occurs in Simulator and Table modes, the PROT annunciator on the front panel display will turn on. The protect message reading on the front panel display will be OV OC. To return the HP SAS to normal operation, first remove the cause of the overcurrent. Then either press Prot Clear on the front panel or send an OUTPut:PROTection:CLEar command over the HP-IB.

Operating Configurations

Connecting the Load to One Unit

Figures 4-4 and 4-5 show how to connect a single HP SAS to one load and to multiple loads.

SAS

• Load Connection ‚ Load ƒ Analog Connector

Set switch for local or optional remote

sensing

Connect for remote sensing (optional)

User Connections 33

Figure 4-4. Single Load Connection

-S

-21

IMIPIP+S-S+-

AB3

-+-

IM IM

P IM S S

+--

-+-+-

-+-

+--

IM IM

P IM S SσIM IM

P IM S S

-S

SAS

• Load Connection ‚ Load ƒ Analog Connector

Set switch for local or optional remote

sensing

Connect for remote sensing (optional)

Figure 4-5. Multiple Load Connection (Remote Sensing Optional)

Connecting Supplies in Parallel

In most cases, units can be connected in straight parallel mode as shown in Figure 4-6 without any master/slave distinction, and without any wiring to the analog connectors. This is possible because of the relatively high output impedance of each unit. All units that are connected in straight parallel mode must be programmed with identical I-V curves or table data. Remote sensing may be employed on all units if desired, but in many cases will have only a minimal effect on performance due to the high output impedance of each unit.

If, for some reason, it is required that the output currents of all paralleled units be accurately matched, then you must use auto-parallel connections as described in the following paragraphs.

+240 VDC MAX

SAS

+240 VDC MAX

SAS

•Analog Connectors (used for optional remote sensing) ‚ Load

Set all units to either local sensing or remote sensing Optional remote sense connections

Figure 4-6. Straight Parallel Connections (Remote Sensing Optional)

34 User Connections

Connecting Supplies in Auto-Parallel

-+-

IM IM

P IM S S

+IP

2AA

3B4

+--

-SAS

-+-+-

-+-

+--

IM IM

P IM S SσIM IM

P IM S S

SLAVE

MASTER

-S

Auto-parallel connections are used only if it is required that the output currents of all paralleled units be accurately matched. Otherwise you can use straight parallel connections as described in the previous paragraphs.

Auto-Parallel Wiring in Simulator and Table Modes

Figure 4-7 illustrates how units can be connected in auto-parallel for increased current output in Simulator and Table modes. If remote sensing is required, connect the remote sense terminals of all the supplies to the load as shown in Figure 4-7.

+240 VDC MAX

SAS

+240 VDC MAX

SAS

•Analog Connectors ‚Slave Units ƒ Master Unit „ Load

Set all units to either local sensing or remote sensing. Optional remote sense connections

Note that because there is already an output impedance associated with the units in Simulator and Table modes, in many cases remote sensing has little effect especially if the load lead resistance is kept low.

Figure 4-7. Auto-Parallel Connection in Simulator Mode (Remote Sensing Optional)

Auto-Parallel Programming in Simulator and Table modes

When operating in Simulator mode, all units must be programmed with identical curves. However the Isc and Imp values sent to the slave units must be set to zero (0). This is because in auto-parallel mode, the master unit controls the output current of the slave units. When operating in Table mode, all units must be programmed with identical table data. However, you must append a value of -999 at the end of the current data and a value of +999 at the end of the voltage data for slave units. This again allows the master unit to control the output current of the slave units. Refer to chapter 6 under Programming Units in Auto-parallel for a programming example.

Auto-Parallel Wiring in Fixed Mode

Figure 4-8 illustrates how units can be connected in auto-parallel for increased current output with current sharing. If remote sensing is required, connect the remote sense terminals of the master unit to the load as shown in Figure 4-8. To avoid output ringing, you can either connect a 2.2 µF or larger capacitor across the load, or you can connect a filter across the current monitoring connections as shown in the figure. This network consists of two 200 ohm resistors in series with the current monitoring lines going to the master unit, and a 68 ohm/0.1µF RC paralleled across + and − IP terminals.

User Connections 35

-+-

IM IM

P IM S S

BA3C5

+--

-+-+-

IM IM

P IM S S

IM IM

P IM S S

Slave

Master

2.2uF

Slave

+240 VDC MAX

SAS

+240 VDC MAX

•Analog Connectors ‚Slave Supplies

(Set the slave output voltage slightly higher than the load lead drop to the master to ensure that the slaves stay in CC mode. Also set the

SAS

® Master Unit (Program only the master.) ¯ Optional components to reduce output ringing. (Select only one of the two methods shown.)

+240 VDC MAX

° Load ± Load connection

SAS

slave currents to zero.)

Set this switch for optional remote sensing Only local sensing permitted Remote sensing connections

Figure 4-8. Auto-Parallel Connection in Fixed Mode (Remote Sensing Optional)

Auto-Parallel Programming in Fixed mode

Program only the first or "master" unit in the series; the current of the "slave" units automatically track the master's current. Set the slave unit’s current limit to zero and its voltage and OVP settings higher than the maximum voltage setting of the master unit. This ensures that the slave supplies will operate in CC mode. Functions such as status, voltage readback, and current readback can still be read back individually for each unit.

Auto-Parallel Programming Cautions

To avoid possible tripping of the crowbar SCR, do not turn power off on auto-parallel units while they are operating in Simulator or Table mode. Reprogram all units to Fixed mode and set the voltage to zero before turning them off.

If a "slave" unit experiences a shutdown condition such as overtemperature or overcurrent, it will not automatically shut down other units unless you have connected and enabled the remote inhibit (RI) and discrete fault indicator (DFI) operation. See appendix C and Questionable Status group in chapter

Also use caution when connecting three or more HP SAS units for auto-parallel operation because of the OVP crowbar circuits. If the OVP circuit of any unit trips, its crowbar circuit will draw current from all of the other units. Depending on the number of units, the additional current may damage the internal SCR of the tripped unit. Use one of the following techniques to avoid problems.

1. Program the OVP of all slave units to the Maximum Level. This minimizes the chance that the slave OVP circuits

will trip. Then program the OVP level of the master unit to the desired protection level (below the maximum level specified in table 7-3).

2. Insert Protection Diodes. If you connect all supplies to the load through a series diode (see Figure 4-9) and a unit’s

crowbar SCR trips, it will not draw current from other supplies. Be certain to increase the programmed voltage level of the slaves by at least 0.7 V to compensate for the voltage drop in the diode.

36 User Connections

3. Remove or disable the HP SAS OVP crowbar SCR. For further information, contact an HP Service Engineer

through your local HP Sales and Support Office.

Figure 4-9. Using Series Diodes with Auto-Parallel Operation

Connecting Supplies in Series

Only connect units in series that have identical voltage and current ratings. Floating voltages must not exceed ±240 Vdc. No output terminal may be more than 240V from chassis ground. When operating in Simulator mode, units must be programmed with identical curves. When operating in Table mode, units must be programmed with identical table data.

Figure 4-10 shows how HP SAS units can be connected in series for higher voltage output. Series connections are straightforward in this case. Program each HP SAS independently. In Fixed mode, program each unit for 50% of the total output voltage. Set the current limit of each unit to the maximum that the load can handle without damage. In Simulator mode, the total Voc that will be provided is the sum of the open circuit voltages programmed for each individual unit.

Each HP SAS has a reverse voltage protection diode across its output. If a reverse voltage is applied, the unit cannot control the current conducted through this diode. To avoid damaging the unit, never connect it in such a way that a reverse voltage can force it to conduct current in excess of the unit's output current rating.

•Analog Connector ‚Load Connection ƒLoad

In Fixed mode, program each unit for 1/2 the load voltage. In SAS mode, the total Voc is the sum of the individual open circuit voltages of each unit.

Figure 4-10. Series Connection (Remote Sensing Optional)

Set switch for local or

(optional) remote sensing

Optional remote

sense connections

User Connections 37

Analog Current Control (applies in Fixed mode only)

+240 VDC MAX

+IP

-IP

+-2

0 – 4V

The setup shown in Figure 4-11 allows an external dc voltage to program the HP SAS output current in Fixed mode. A voltage applied to the differential current programming input programs the output current. Note that depending on the polarity of the external source, the external signal is either added to or subtracted from the front panel current setting. Output current is internally limited to a maximum of ≈112% of the output current rating. If you want to fully control the output current through the analog input, you must first set the front panel current control to zero. A voltage of 0 to 4 volts programs the output current from zero amperes to the rated output current.

For proper operation, the maximum common-mode voltage between either the +IP or -IP inputs and the +OUT terminal should be kept to less than ±18 volts. Note also that the input impedance of the analog input is 20 kΩ. If the output impedance of your programming source is not negligible compared to 20 kΩ, the programmed current will be less than expected.

Wiring Considerations

Be careful of capacitive coupling from the programming inputs to other lines wired to the analog connector. Such coupling can cause output oscillations and noise. You can minimize coupling by bundling the +IP and -IP lines and keeping them separated from other wires. Twisting these lines together is also recommended.

IPIP

+ - -

SAS

+S-

• Analog connector

κ 0 to 4 volt voltage source programs from 0 to the rated output current

Figure 4-11. Analog Current Programming Connections

Controller Connections

Figure 4-12 shows two basic ways of connecting your HP SAS to a controller. They are "linked" and "stand-alone configurations.

Stand-Alone Connections

See Figure 4-12A. Each stand-alone HP SAS has its own HP-IB bus address. Stand-alone units may be connected to the bus in series configuration, star configuration, or a combination of the two. You may connect from 1 to 15 stand-alone units to a controller HP-IB interface.

Linked Connections

See Figure 4-12B. Up to 16 units may be used at a single HP-IB primary bus address by making linked connections.

n The first HP SAS in a linked connection is a "direct unit" connected to the controller via an HP-IB cable. The

direct unit is the only unit connected directly to the bus and has a unique primary bus address.

38 User Connections

n The remaining units are "linked supplies” connected to the direct unit via a serial-link cable. Each linked unit has

a unique secondary HP-IB address and derives its primary address from the direct unit. You may connect from 1 to 15 linked supplies to each direct unit.

Note The HP SAS is shipped from the factory with its HP-IB address set to 5. The HP SAS primary and

secondary addresses can be changed from the front panel as described under Changing the HP Address in chapter 5. For HP SAS HP-IB interface capabilities, see appendix A.

•

From 1 to 15 direct supplies may be connected to 1 controller HP-IB interface.

‚

Tighten connector thumbscrews by hand. Do not use a screwdriver.

Do not stack more than 3 connectors on a HP-IB receptacle.

„

HP-IB cable (see Accessories in Chapter 1)

…

From 1 to 15 linked supplies may be connected to 1 direct unit.

†

Either receptacle (Jl or J2) may be used as an input or an output.

‡

Serial Link Cable (see Accessories in Chapter 1), 2 meters. 1 is supplied. Maximum total length of all HP-IB cables (including controller) not to exceed 20 meters. Use caution with individual lengths over 4 meters. Maximum total length of all serial cables not to exceed 30 meters.

NOTES:

A direct HP SAS is connected to the controller interface and must have a unique primary HP-IB bus address.

The stand-alone configuration uses only direct supplies connected to the controller interface.

The linked configuration uses 1 or more linked units connected to each direct unit. Each linked unit has a unique

secondary HP-IB bus address and derives its primary address from the direct unit.

Figure 4-12. Controller Connections

User Connections 39

Front Panel Operation

VOLTS

AMPS

E4350B

480W 8A

CVCCUnr

Dis

OCP

Prot

Err

Cal

Shift

Rmt

Addr

SRQ

Local

Error

RecallAddressOutput

on/off

ProtectOVVoltage

OCP

Current

VCal

Cal Save

Enter

3210.78

945

Voltage

Current

ICal

Pass

Cal Enable

Cal Disable

Prot Clear

SOLAR ARRAY SIMULATOR

OVCal

Clear Entry

SYSTEMFUNCTIONENTRY2VOLTAGE

CURRENT

Introduction

Note Only in Fixed mode are front panel operations fully functional. The HP SAS can be operated as a

standard dc source in Fixed mode. SAS functions are available when the unit is set to Simulator or Table mode. You cannot switch modes from the front panel. Modes can only be switched over the HP-IB.

This chapter shows you how to operate the unit from front panel. It is assumed that you are familiar with the turn-on checkout procedure in chapter 3. That chapter describes how to perform basic functions from the control panel. Operations that you can perform are:

n Enabling or disabling the HP SAS output. n Saving operating states in nonvolatile memory. n Setting the output voltage and current. n Recalling operating states from nonvolatile memory. n Monitoring the output voltage and current. n Setting the HP SAS HP-IB bus address. n Setting the overvoltage protection trip point. n Displaying error codes created during remote operation. n Enabling the overcurrent protection circuit (OCP). n Enabling local (front panel) operation. n Clearing protection functions. n Calibration (see appendix B).

Key Functions

The front panel is summarized in Figure 5-1 and Table 5-1. Some keys have two functions. For example, the System

key can be used either to recall a stored operating state or to (store) an operating state. The first operation

is shown on the key and the second (shifted) operation is shown in blue above the key. In order to do a shifted operation, first press the solid blue key, which is unlabeled but shown throughout this manual as .

For example, for a recall operation, press the recall key . For a save operation, press the Save key, which is

. When you do this, the Shift annunciator will light to remind you that the

key is now functioning

as the key. In this chapter, such a shifted operation may be shown simply as .

HEWLETT PACKARD

Figure 5-1. Front Panel Controls and Indicators

Front Panel Operation 41

Control or

Indicator

Table 5-1. Front Panel Controls and Indicators (See Figure 5-1)

Function or Indication

• Display

VOLTS AMPS

CV CC Unr Dis OCP Prot

Err Cal

Shift Rmt

Addr SRQ

Voltage knob

Current knob

Shows present output voltage of the HP SAS. Shows present output current of the HP SAS.

Status Annunciators

The HP SAS is in constant-voltage mode. (Applies in Fixed mode only) The HP SAS is in constant-current mode. The HP SAS output is unregulated; the output is neither CV or CC. The HP SAS output is disabled. The Fixed mode overcurrent protection (OCP) function is enabled. (Applies in Fixed mode only.) A protection circuit has caused the HP SAS to shut down. (Press to determine the reason.)

An error has been generated as a result of remote operation. (Press to display the error code). The HP SAS is in calibration mode.

The shift key has been pressed. The HP SAS is in the remote mode (controlled over the HP-IB).

The HP SAS is addressed to listen or talk. The HP SAS is requesting service from the controller.

‚Output Rotary Controls

Rotate clockwise to increase the output voltage or the voltage limit in constant current mode. Use to rapidly set an approximate output value. (Applies in Fixed mode only)

Rotate clockwise to increase the output current or current limit in constant current mode. Use to rapidly set an approximate current value. (Applies in Fixed mode only)

ƒ SYSTEM Keys

When the HP SAS is under remote control, press to enable local operation. This control can be defeated by a lock-out command over the HP-IB

Press to display the HP SAS's HP-IB address. You can change the address with the ENTRY keys

Use to display error codes generated during remote operation. (Select by pressing .)

Use to restore a previously saved HP SAS state. Use ENTRY keys through to specify which location

to recall. Note: Location 0 may contain the HP SAS turn-on state. See "Turn-on operation" in this chapter.

Use to save the HP SAS’s present state to nonvolatile memory. (Select by pressing ENTRY keys to specify the location where you want to store the state. You may use locations through

This unlabeled blue key is the Shift key. Press to access the shifted (alternate) key functions.

.) Use

42 Front Panel Operation

Table 5-1. Front Panel Controls and Indicators (continued)

„ Function Keys

Press to enable or disable the HP SAS output. This key toggles between the two states. The disabled state programs the output to the *RST voltage and current settings.

Note To prevent current overshoots, do not use the Output On Off key when operating in CC mode.

Current overshoots may occur when the output turns on because the unit momentarily goes to constant voltage mode before switching back to constant current mode. As an alternative, program the current to zero instead of using the key.

Press to display the output voltage setting. After pressing , you may use the ENTRY keys to change the value. (Applies in Fixed mode only)

Press to display the output current setting. After pressing , you may use the ENTRY keys to change the value. (Applies in Fixed mode only)

Press to display the OV trip voltage setting. After pressing , you may use the ENTRY keys to change the value.

When the Prot annunciator is on, press to see which protection circuit caused the HP SAS to shut down. Response can be OC (overcurrent protection), OT (overtemperature), OV OC (hardware

overcurrent), or OV (overvoltage). If no protection circuit has tripped, the display shows dashes (- - - -).

Press this key to reset the protection circuit. If the condition that caused the circuit to trip has been removed, the Prot annunciator will go off. (Select by pressing

Press to enable or disable the Fixed mode OCP function. This key toggles between the two states. which are indicated by the OCP annunciator. (Applies in Fixed mode only)

… ENTRY Keys

Press to increment the output voltage in the CV mode, or to increase the voltage setting after you have pressed the key. Press and hold this key for an increasingly rapid change. (Fixed mode only)

Press to decrement the output voltage in the CV mode, or to decrease the voltage setting after you have pressed the key. Press and hold this key for an increasingly rapid change. (Fixed mode only)

Press to increment the output current in the CC mode, or to increase the current setting after you have pressed the key. Press and hold this key for an increasingly rapid change. (Fixed mode only)

Press to decrement the output current in the CC mode, or to decrease the current setting after you have pressed the key. Press and hold this key for an increasingly rapid change. (Fixed mode only)

Press to select numerical values .

Press to enter a minus sign.

Press to delete the last keypad entry. Use this key to remove incorrect digits before they are entered.

Press to delete an entire keypad entry and return to the meter mode. Use this key to exit from a value before it is entered. (Select by pressing .)

Press to enter a value or to accept an existing value and return the display to the meter mode. The remaining shifted keys are for calibration (see appendix B - Calibration).

Front Panel Operation 43

Programming the Output

Important These instructions show how to program a single HP SAS from the front panel. These instructions apply

primarily when the unit is set to operate in Fixed mode. For example, any voltage and current values that you enter from the front panel will have no effect on the unit while it is in Simulator or Table modes but will take effect as soon as the unit is placed in Fixed mode. Likewise, the OCP function only takes effect in Fixed mode. There are also special considerations when you have two or more supplies connected in series or in parallel. See chapter 4 - User Connections and Considerations.

The HP SAS accepts values directly in volts and amperes. Values will be rounded off to the nearest multiple of the output resolution (see “Average Resolution" in appendix A). If you attempt to enter a value not in a valid range, the entry will be ignored and OUT OF RANGE appears on the display.

Figure 1-1 on page 1-3 shows the general response of a typical unit in Fixed mode. Always keep the output voltage and current within the boundaries of its operating line for the specified mode of operation (CV or CC).

Establishing Initial Conditions

Set the HP SAS to its *RST state by pressing . This state was stored in location 0 at the factory. If it has since been changed, you can restore it as directed under “Turn-on Conditions”, later in this chapter. *RST results in the

following operating conditions:

n Zero voltage output. n Minimal current output. n Output disabled (Dis annunciator on). n Overvoltage protection set to its maximum value. n Overcurrent protection off (OCP annunciator off). n Hardware overcurrent protection set to its maximum value. n Protection circuits cleared (Prot annunciator off).

Programming Voltage

To program the output for 45 volts, proceed as follows:

n Press . The display will change from meter mode to indicate VOLTS. n Press . If you discover a mistake before pressing , erase the incorrect value with the backspace key

n The display will return to the meter mode and indicate 00.00 volts. n Press

to enable the output (Dis annunciator turns off). The VOLTS display will indicate 45.0 volts.

Note The HP SAS must be programmed for a minimal current in order to increase the output voltage beyond

zero. If the HP SAS does not respond or the CC annunciator turns on, go to “Programming Current” and set the current to a small value.

n Now raise the voltage by pressing .Note that the voltage increases by a specific increment (depending on

the voltage programming resolution) each time you press the key and increases rapidly as you hold down the key. To lower the voltage, press .

n Try raising and lowering the voltage by rotating the Voltage control clockwise and then counterclockwise. Note how

the output responds as compared to using the Entry keys.

Try to program a voltage greater than the maximum voltage rating for your unit (see Supplemental Characteristics in appendix A). Note that the display shows OUT OF RANGE.

44 Front Panel Operation

Programming Current

You may program the HP SAS current without a load, but must have a load in order to draw output current. These tests assume you have the load connected in accordance with the information in chapter 4 - User Connections and Considerations. If you do not have a load on the HP SAS, you may connect a short across the output terminals as described in chapter 3 - Turn-on Checkout.

The example will program a low current. (You may later increase the output current to the levels you will expect to use.) To program the output current to 1.3 amperes, proceed as follows:

n Disable the output by pressing . The Dis annunciator will turn on. n Program the voltage by pressing . n Press . The display will change from meter mode to indicate AMPS. n Press . If you discover a mistake before pressing erase the incorrect value with the backspace key

n The display will return to the meter mode and indicate up to 0.000. n Press to enable the output. Dis will turn off and the display will indicate VOLTS 50.00 AMPS 1. 300.

n Now increase the current by pressing . Note that the current increases by a specific increment (depending

on the current programming resolution) each time you press the key and increases rapidly as you hold down the key. To decrease the current, press .

n Try increasing and decreasing the current by rotating the Current knob clockwise and counterclockwise. Note how

the output responds as compared to using the Entry keys.

Disable the output by pressing . The Dis annunciator will turn on. Now try to program a current greater than the I

for your unit. Note that the display shows OUT OF RANGE.

MAX

Programming Overvoltage Protection

Overvoltage protection guards the load against voltages that reach a specified value above the programmed output voltage.

Setting the OVP Level

Assuming that you have programmed the HP SAS for 45 volts, you can set the OVP level to 48 volts as follows:

n Press . The display will change from meter mode to indicate OV, followed by the present OVP value. n Press . n The display will return to the meter mode and indicate the output voltage (45.00 volts).

n Press again. The display will now indicate OV 48. 00. n Press to return to the meter mode.

Checking OVP Operation

Assuming the above operating conditions (voltage programmed to 45 V and OVP programmed to 48 V), trip the OVP circuit as follows:

n Gradually increase the output voltage by pressing until the OVP circuit trips. This will cause the output

voltage to drop to zero and the Prot annunciator to go on.

n There now is no HP SAS output due to an overvoltage condition. n To verify this, press and observe that the display indicates OV. This shows that the protection circuit

tripped due to an overvoltage condition.

Front Panel Operation 45

Clearing The OVP Condition

With the OVP tripped, return to the meter mode and try to clear the condition by pressing . Nothing will appear to happen because the OV trip voltage is still below the programmed output voltage. Thus, as soon as the circuit is

cleared, it trips again. You can clear the OV condition by:

n Lowering the output voltage below 48 (the OV setting), or n By raising the OV trip voltage above the output voltage setting.

Try either of these methods. Now when you press , the Prot annunciator will turn off and the output voltage will return to normal.

Programming Overcurrent Protection

When enabled, overcurrent protection removes the HP SAS output whenever it goes into CC operation. This prevents the unit from indefinitely supplying the full programmed current to the load.

Note This constant-current OCP feature is only available in Fixed mode. In Simulator and Tables modes, a

hardware current limit protection circuit turns the unit off when a programmable current limit is reached. This current limit is only programmable over the HPIB using SOUR:CURR:PROT.

Setting The OCP Protection

To activate overcurrent protection, press . The OCP annunciator will light and HP SAS will continue to operate normally until it is forced into CC operation. If that occurs, the OCP circuit trips and the HP SAS output drops to zero.

Checking OCP Operation

The easiest way to check this operation at any specified current is to increase the load current beyond the programmed current value. This will force the HP SAS into the CC mode. When OCP trips, the Prot annunciator will light and the HP SAS output will drop to zero.

There is now no HP SAS output due to an overcurrent condition. To verify this, press and observe that the display indicates OC.

Clearing The OCP Condition

With the OCP tripped, return to the meter mode and try to clear the condition by pressing . Nothing will appear to happen because the reason for the condition has not been removed. Thus, as soon as the circuit is cleared, it trips again.

You can clear the OC condition by:

n Increasing the load resistance to lower the output current below the programmed current value, or n By raising the programmed current to a value above that required by the load.

Clear the fault by either of the above methods. Then clear the OCP circuit by pressing . The Prot annunciator will go off and the HP SAS output will be restored to normal. If desired, you can also restore the output by disabling the

OCP function (press to turn off the OCP annunciator). This restores the output but does not clear any condition that may have caused OCP to trip.

Note Under certain conditions, the OCP circuit may fail to clear because load demand occurs before the HP

SAS has time to build up the required output current capacity. In such cases, disable the output (press

before clearing the OCP circuit). After OCP is cleared, then enable the HP SAS output.

46 Front Panel Operation

CV Mode VS. CC Mode

Once you program a voltage (V depending on the resistance of the load (RL). If the load demands less current than I the voltage maintained at V

If the current increases beyond I current value of I

. As the load resistance is decreased, the voltage decreases to maintain the set current level. In other

SET

words, the output voltage is determined by V

) and a current (I

SET

. The output current will be at some value below I

SET

, the unit will switch to CC mode by varying its output voltage to maintain a constant

SET

), the HP SAS will maintain itself in either CV or CC mode,

SET

, operation will be in CV mode with

SET

as determined by V

SET

* RL.

SET

÷ RL.

Unregulated Operation

If the HP SAS goes into a mode of operation that is neither CV nor CC, the Unr annunciator will light. Some unregulated states occur so briefly that they do not turn on the Unr annunciator, but they may set the UNR status bit during remote operation (see chapter 6 under Programming Status). One condition that can cause a noticeable unregulated state is low ac line voltage. Another condition might be operation with a paralleled unit that has a different voltage setting.

Saving and Recalling Operating States

You can save programming time by storing up to five operating states in nonvolatile memory. The front panel programming parameters that are saved are:

n Output voltage Output current *OVP voltage. n OCP state (on or off) Output state (enabled or disabled).

Note More HP SAS parameters are saved in remote operation. See chapter 7 under *SAV.

As an example, set up the following state:

n Voltage = 4 V Current = 5 A OVP voltage = 4.5 V. n OCP = on (OCP annunciator on) Output = off (Dis annunciator on).

Save the above state to location 1 by pressing . Now set up the following state:

n Voltage = 4.5 V Current = 2.5 A OVP voltage = 5 V. n OCP = off (OCP annunciator off) Output = on (Dis annunciator off).

Save the above state to location 2 by pressing . Restore the first state by pressing

and verify the parameters. Restore the second state by pressing

. Note how the HP SAS is automatically programmed each time.

Turn-On Conditions

Whenever you first apply power to an HP SAS it automatically turns on in a safe reset state, in Fixed mode, with the following parameters:

off 0 minimum*

maximum off

*Minimum is the *RST value specified in Table 7-3.

It is recommended that you leave the turn-on conditions as programmed. However, you may change them if you wish. To do this, proceed as follows:

Front Panel Operation 47

1. Set up the HP SAS to the state you want when it is turned on.

2. Store that state to location 0.

3. Turn off the HP SAS.

4. Hold in the key and turn the HP SAS back on. The display indicates RCL 0 PWR-ON to verify that the HP SAS has

configured its turn-on state to that stored in location 0.

5. From now on the unit will always turn on to the state defined in location 0.

Whenever you wish, you can return the HP SAS to the original factory reset state. To do this, simply hold down the key when you turn on the unit. The display indicates RST POWER-ON to verify that the HP SAS has configured its turn-on

state to the original reset state. From now on it will continue to turn on in that state.

Setting The HP-IB Address

Types of HP-IB Addresses

Figure 4-11 in chapter 4 shows the ways the HP SAS can be connected to the HP-IB bus. You can set up the HP-IB address in one of three ways:

1. As a stand-alone unit (the only unit at the address). It has a primary address in the range of 0 to 30. For example: 5 or

2. As the direct unit in a serial link. It is the only unit connected directly to the HP-IB bus. The primary address is unique

and can be from 0 to 30. It is entered as an integer followed by a decimal separator. The secondary address always is 0, which may be added after the primary address. If the secondary address is omitted, it is assumed to be 0. For example: 5.0 or 7.

3. As a linked unit in serial link. It gets its primary address from the direct unit. It has a unique secondary address that

can be from l to 15. It is entered as an integer preceded by a decimal separator. For example: .l or .12

When you enter a secondary address, leading zeros between the decimal separator and the first digit are ignored. For example, .1, .01, and .001 are accepted as secondary address 1 and displayed as 0.01. Zeros following a digit are not ignored. Thus, .10 and .010 are both accepted as secondary address 10 and displayed as 0. 10.

Changing the HP-IB Address

Use the key and numerical keypad for entering addresses. The HP SAS is shipped with a 5 stand-alone address as the default. The general procedure for setting an address is:

Action Display Shows

Press Current address Press new address keys New address replaces numbers on the display

Press Display returns to meter mode

If you try to enter an invalid number, ADDR ERROR is displayed.

The following examples show how to set addresses:

To set stand-along primary address 6, press . To set direct unit primary address 6, press . To set linked secondary address 1, press . To set linked secondary address 12, press .

Note The HP SAS display will reset (recall the state in location 0) whenever you change between a

stand-alone primary address and a direct primary address, or a direct primary address and a secondary address.

48 Front Panel Operation

Remote Programming

HP-IB Capabilities of the HP SAS

All HP SAS functions except for setting the HP-IB address are programmable over the IEEE 488 bus (also known as the Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus or "HP-IB"). The IEEE 488.1 capabilities of the HP SAS are listed in the Supplemental Characteristics in appendix A. The HP SAS operates from an HP-IB address that is set from the front panel (see System Considerations at the end of this chapter).

Introduction To SCPI

lmportant Learn the basics of HP SAS operation (see chapter 5 - Front Panel Operation) before using SCPI.

SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments) is a programming language for controlling instrument functions over the HP-IB (IEEE 488) instrument bus. SCPI is intended to function with standard HP-IB hardware and conforms to the IEEE Standard Digital Interface for Programmable Instrumentation. SCPI is layered on top of the hardware portion of IEEE 488.2. The same SCPI commands and parameters control the same functions in different classes of instruments. For example, you would use the same DISPlay command to control the HP SAS display state and the display state of a SCPI-compatible multimeter.

Note TMSL (Test and Measurement System Language) was an earlier versions of SCPI. If you have

programmed in this language, then you probably can go directly to chapter 7 - Language Dictionary.

Conventions

The following conventions are used throughout this chapter:

Angle brackets < > Items within angle brackets are parameter abbreviations. For example,

<NR1> indicates a specific form of numerical data.

Vertical bar | Vertical bars separate one of two or more alternative parameters. For

example, 0|OFF indicates that you may enter either "0" or "OFF" for the required parameter.

Square Brackets

Braces { } Braces indicate parameters that may be repeated zero or more times. It is

Boldface font

[ ] Items within square brackets are optional. The representation

[SOURce]:CURRent means that SOURce may be omitted.

used especially for showing arrays. The notation <A>{<,B>} shows that "A" is a required parameter, while "B" may be omitted or may be entered one or more times.

Boldface font is used to emphasize syntax in command definitions. TRIGger:DELay <NRf> shows a command syntax.

Computer font

Computer font is used to show program text within normal text. TRIGger:DELay .5 represents program text.

Remote Programming 49

Types of SCPI Commands

SCPI has two types of commands, common and subsystem.

n Common commands (see table 7-1) generally are not related to specific operation but to controlling overall HP SAS

functions, such as reset, status, and synchronization. All common commands consist of a three-letter mnemonic preceded by an asterisk: *RST *IDN? *SRE 8

n Subsystem commands (see table 7-2) perform specific HP SAS functions. They are organized into an inverted tree

structure with the "root" at the top. The following figure shows a portion of a subsystem command tree, from which you access the commands located along the various paths.

Figure 6-1 shows a portion of the subsystem command tree (you can see the complete tree in table 7-2). Note the location of the ROOT node at the top of the tree. The SCPI interface is at this location when:

n The HP SAS is powered on. n A device clear (DCL) is sent to the HP SAS. n The interface encounters a message terminator. n The interface encounters a root specifier.

Figure 6-1. Partial Command Tree

Multiple Commands in a Message

Multiple SCPI commands can be combined and sent as a single message with one message terminator. There are two important considerations when sending several commands within a single message:

n Use a semicolon to separate commands within a message. n There is an implied header path that affects how commands are interpreted by the HP SAS.

The header path can be thought of as a string that gets inserted before each command within a message. For the first command in a message, the header path is a null string. For each subsequent command the header path is defined as the characters that make up the headers of the previous command in the message up to and including the last colon separator. An example of a message with two commands is:

CURR:LEV 3;PROT:STAT OFF

which shows the use of the semicolon separating the two commands, and also illustrates the header path concept. Note that with the second command, the leading header "CURR" was omitted because after the "CURR:LEV 3" command, the header path was became defined as "CURR" and thus the instrument interpreted the second command as:

CURR:PROT:STAT OFF

In fact, it would have been syntactically incorrect to include the "CURR" explicitly in the second command, since the result after combining it with the header path would be:

CURR:CURR:PROT:STAT OFF

which is incorrect.

50 Remote Programming

Moving Among Subsystems In order to combine commands from different subsystems, you need to be able to restore the active path to the root. You

do this with the root specifier (:). For example, you could clear the output protection and check the status of the Operation Condition register as follows:

OUTPUT:PROTECTION:CLEAR STATUS:OPERATION:CONDITION?

By using the root specifier, you could do the same thing in one message (see figure 6-2):

OUTPUT:PROTECTION:CLEAR;:STATUS:OPERATION:CONDITION?

The following message shows how to combine commands from different subsystems as well as within the same subsystem

(see figure 6-2):

VOLTAGE:LEVEL 60;PROTECTION 65;:CURRENT:LEVEL 4;PROTECTION ON

Note the use of the optional header LEVEL to maintain the correct path within the voltage and current subsystems and the

use of the root specifier to move between subsystems.

Value Coupling Value coupling results when a command directed to send one parameter also changes the value of a second parameter.

There is no direct coupling among any HP SAS SCPI commands. However, be aware that until they are programmed, uninitialized trigger levels will assume their corresponding immediate levels. For example, if a unit is powered up and VOLT:LEV is programmed to 60, then VOLT:LEV:TRIG will also be 60 until you program it to another value. Once you program VOLT:LEV:TRIG to another value, it will remain at that value regardless of how you subsequently reprogram VOLT:LEVEL.

Including Common Commands You can combine common commands with system commands in the same message. Treat the common command as a

message unit by separating it with the message unit separator. Common commands do not affect the active header path; you may insert them anywhere in the message.

VOLT:TRIG 55;INIT;*TRG

OUTP OFF;*RCL 2;OUTP ON SCPI Queries Observe the following precautions with queries:

n Remember to set up the proper number of variables for the returned data. n Set the program to read back all the results of a query before sending another command to the HP SAS. Otherwise, a

Query Interrupted error will occur and the unreturned data will be lost.

Types of SCPI Messages

There are two types of SCPI messages, program and response.

n A program message consists of one or more properly formatted SCPI commands sent from the controller to the HP

SAS. The message, which may be sent at any time, requests the HP SAS to perform some action.

n A response message consists of data in a specific SCPI format sent from the HP SAS to the controller. The HP SAS

sends the message only when commanded by a special program message called a "query."

Remote Programming 51

The following figure illustrates the SCPI message structure:

Figure 6-2. Command Message Structure

The Message Unit The simplest SCPI command is a single message unit consisting of a command header (or keyword) followed by a

message terminator. The message unit may include a parameter after the header. The parameter can be numeric or a string.

ABOR<NL> VOLT 20<NL>

Headers Headers (which are sometimes known as "keywords") are instructions recognized by the programming interface. Headers

may be either in the long form or the short form.

Long Form The header is completely spelled out, such as VOLTAGE STATUS DELAY. Short Form The header has only the first three or four letters, such as VOLT STAT DEL.

Query Indicator Following a header with a question mark turns it into a query (VOLT? VOLT:PROT?). If a query contains a parameter,

place the query indicator at the end of the last header (VOLT:PROT? MAX).

Message Unit Separator When two or more message units are combined into a compound message, separate the units with a semicolon

(STATus:OPERation?;QUEStionable?).

Root Specifier When it precedes the first header of a message unit, the colon becomes a "root specifier". This indicates that the

command path is at the root or top node of the command tree.

Message Terminator A terminator informs SCPI that it has reached the end of a message. Three permitted messages terminators are:

n Newline (<NL>), which is ASCII decimal 10 or hex 0A. n End or identify (<END>) n Both of the above (<NL><END>)

In the examples of this manual, there is an assumed message terminator at the end of each message. If the terminator needs to be shown, it is indicated as <NL> regardless of the actual terminator character.

52 Remote Programming

SCPI Data Formats All data programmed to or returned from the unit is ASCII. The data may be numerical or character string. Numerical Data

Table 2-1. Numerical Data Formats

Symbol Data Form

Talking Formats

<NR1> Digits with an implied decimal point assumed at the right of the least-significant

digit. Examples: 273 0273

Listening Formats

<NRf>

<NRf+>

<Bool>

Suffixes and Multipliers Some SCPI commands let you send engineering units as suffixes to extend numeric parameters. The following table lists

the allowable suffixes and multipliers.

Class Suffix Unit Unit with Multiplier

Current A Ampere MA (milliampere) Amplitude V Volt MV (millivolt) Time S second MS (millisecond)

lE3 K kilo 1E-3 M milli 1E-6 U micro

Character Data For query statements, character strings may be returned in either of the forms shown in table 2-3, depending on the length

of the returned string.

<SRD>

Character Response Data. Permits the return of character strings. Arbitrary ASCII Response Data. Permits the return of undelimited 7-bit ASCII. This data type has

an implied message terminator.

String Response Data. Returns string parameters enclosed in double quotes.

Digits with an explicit decimal point. Example: 273. .0273 Digits with an explicit decimal point and an exponent. Example: 2.73E+2 273.0E-

Extended format that includes <NR1>, <NR2> and <NR3>. Examples: 273 273.

2.73E2 Expanded decimal format that includes <NRf>, MIN and MAX. Examples: 273

273. 2.73E2 MAX. MIN and MAX are the minimum and maximum limit values

that are implicit in the range specification for the parameter. Boolean data. Either form 0 | 1 or OFF | ON may be sent with commands. Queries always return a 0 or 1.

Table 2-2. Suffixes and Multipliers

Common Multipliers

Remote Programming 53

Examples

Most examples given here are generic, without regard to the programming language or type of HP-IB interface. Because SCPI commands are sent as ASCII output strings within the programming language statements, the SCPI syntax is independent of both programming language and interface. The examples are followed by sample program code written for an HP BASIC controlled HP-IB interface.

Programming Voltage and Current

Note The HP SAS responds simultaneously to both digital and analog programming inputs. If it is receiving an

input over the HP-IB and a corresponding input from the front panel (and from the analog programming port), the output will be the algebraic sum of the inputs. (Analog programming applies in Fixed mode only.)

The following statements program both voltage and current and return the actual output from the sense terminals: OUTP OFF Disable the output.

VOLT 55;CURR 2.5 Program the voltage and current. VOLT?;CURR? Read back the programmed levels. OUTP ON Enable the output. MEAS:VOLT?;MEAS:CURR? Read back the outputs from the sense terminals.

Programming Protection Circuits This example programs the voltage and current, programs an overvoltage protection value, and turns on the overcurrent

protection. It then reads back all the programmed values. Note the required use of the optional LEVel header in this example (see "Moving Among Subsystems" for more information).

VOLT:LEV 55;PROT 60 Program the voltage and overvoltage protection. CURR:LEV 3;PROT:STAT ON Program the current and overcurrent protection. VOLT:LEV?;PROT?;:CURR:LEV?;PROT:STAT? Read back the programmed values.

Programming Units in Auto-Parallel

Refer to “Auto-Parallel Programming Cautions” in chapter 4 before using HP SAS units in auto-parallel mode.

The following examples illustrate how to program a master unit and a slave unit that are connected in auto-parallel mode. The master unit is at address 705; the slave unit is at address 706. Refer to chapter 4 for connection information. Refer to chapter 7 for details about specific programming commands. The first example illustrates auto-parallel operation in Simulator mode.

1000 ! 2 Units in auto-parallel - Simulator Mode 1010 OUTPUT 705;”*RST” Resets the master unit. 1020 OUTPUT 706;”*RST” Resets the slave unit. 1030 OUTPUT 705;”CURR:SAS:ISC 4;IMP 3;:VOLT:SAS:VOC 60;VMP 40” Program curve data for master unit 1040 OUTPUT 706;”CURR:SAS:ISC 0;IMP 0;:VOLT:SAS:VOC 60;VMP 40” Program curve data for slave unit 1050 OUTPUT 705;”CURR:MODE:SAS” Selects simulator mode for master unit. 1060 OUTPUT 706;”CURR:MODE:SAS” Selects simulator mode for slave unit 1070 OUTPUT 705;”OUTP:STAT ON” Enables the output for master unit. 1080 OUTPUT 706;”OUTP:STAT ON” Enables the output for slave unit.

54 Remote Programming

The following example illustrates auto-parallel operation in Table mode.

shipped, this location contains the factory defaults (see *RST in chapter 7).

1000 ! 2 Units in auto-parallel - Table Mode 1010 OUTPUT 705;”*RST” Resets the master unit. 1020 OUTPUT 706;”*RST” Resets the slave unit. 1030 OUTPUT 705;”MEM:TABL:SEL TABLE1” Selects a table for entering data for master unit 1040 OUTPUT 705;”MEM:TABL:VOLT 0, 5, 10, 50, 55, 60” Enter voltage data for master unit 1050 OUTPUT 705;”MEM:TABL:CURR 4, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.5, 0” Enter current data for master unit 1060 OUTPUT 705;”CURR:TABL:NAME TABLE1” Activates the table for master unit 1070 OUTPUT 706;”MEM:TABL:SEL TABLE1” Selects a table for entering data for slave unit 1080 OUTPUT 706;”MEM:TABL:VOLT 0, 5, 10, 50, 55, 60, 999” Enter voltage data for slave unit 1090 OUTPUT 706;”MEM:TABL:CURR 4, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.5, 0, -999” Enter current data for slave unit 1060 OUTPUT 706;”CURR:TABL:NAME TABLE1” Activates the table for slave unit 1100 OUTPUT 705;”CURR:MODE:TABL;:OUTP:STAT ON” Enables the output for master unit. 1110 OUTPUT 706;”CURR:MODE:TABL;:OUTP:STAT ON” Enables the output for slave unit.

Changing Outputs by Trigger (applies in Fixed mode only) If you do not program pending triggered levels, they default to the programmed (immediate) output levels. The following

statements shows some basic trigger commands.

OUTP OFF Disable the output. VOLT:LEV:IMM 55;TRIG 60 Program the voltage to 55V and the triggered level to 60 V. CURR:LEV:IMM 2.5;TRIG 3 Program the current to 2.5 A and the triggered level to 3 A. VOLT:LEV:IMM?;TRIG?;:CURR:LEV:IMM?;TRIG? Check all the programmed values.

OUTP ON Enable the output. MEAS:VOLT?;CURR? Read back the immediate levels from the sense terminals. INIT;TRIG Arm the trigger circuit and send a single trigger. INIT;*TRG Same as above, except using a common command. MEAS:VOLT?;CURR? Read back the triggered levels from the sense terminals.

If you need to send two or more triggers, program the trigger circuit for continuous arming. OUTP OFF Disable the output.

VOLT:LEV:IMM 6O;TRIG 55 Program the voltage to 60 V and the triggered level to 55 V. INIT:CONT ON Program the trigger circuit for continuous arming. OUTP ON Enable the output to 60 V. TRIG Trigger the output voltage to 55 V. VOLT:TRIG 60;:TRIG Set the pending trigger level to 60 V and send a single trigger. INIT:CONT OFF Remove the continuous trigger arming.

Saving and Recalling States You can remotely save and recall operating states. See *SAV and *RCL in chapter 7 for more information.

Note: When you turn the HP SAS on, it automatically retrieves the state stored in location 0. When a unit is

OUTP OFF;VOLT:LEV 6.5;PROT 6.8 Program a desired operating state. CURR:LEV 335;PROT:STAT ON *SAV 2 Save this state to location 2. *RCL 2 (Later) recall this same state.

Remote Programming 55

Writing to the Display You can include messages to the front panel LCD in your programs. The description of DISP:TEXT in chapter 7 shows

the number and types of permitted display characters. In order to write to the display, you must first change it to text mode as shown in the following example:

DIS:MODE TEXT Switch display to text mode. RECALLED 2 Write “Recalled 2” to the display. DIS:MODE NORM Return display to its normal mode.

Programming Status You can use status programming to make your program react to events within the HP SAS. Chapter 8 - Status Reporting

explains the functions and bit configurations of all status registers. Refer to figure 8-1 in that chapter while examining the examples given here. Usually you will want the HP SAS to generate interrupts (assert SRQ) upon particular events. For this you must selectively enable the appropriate status register bits. The following examples allow the unit to assert SRQ under selected conditions.

STAT:OPER:ENAB 1280;PTR 1280;*SRE 128 Assert SRQ when the unit switches between CV and CC modes. STAT:OPER:ENAB 1;PTR 1;NTR 1;*SRE 128 Assert SRQ when the unit enters or leaves calibration mode. STAT:QUES 3;PTR 3;*SRE 128 Assert SRQ when the unit goes into overvoltage or overcurrent. STAT:OPER:ENAB 1280;PTR 1280; :STAT:QUES 3;PTR 3;*SRE 136

The following example illustrates how you can exercise program control without interrupts by reading specific registers. STAT:OPER:1280;EVEN? Enable only the CV and CC events and read their status.

STAT:OPER:ENAB 1313;PTR 1313;EVEN? Enable all conditions of the Operation Status register and read any

events.

STAT:OPER:ENAB?;EVENT?; :STAT:QUES:ENAB?;EVEN?;:*ESE?;*ESR?

Note The last query string can be handled without difficulty. However, should you request too many queries, the

system may return a "Query DEADLOCKED” error (-430). In that case, break the long string into smaller parts.

Programming the Digital I/O Port Digital control ports 1 and 2 are TTL outputs that can be programmed either high or low. Control port 3 can be

programmed to be either a TTL input or a TTL output. Send a decimal parameter that translates into the desired straight binary code for these ports. (See DIG:DATA[:VAL] in chapter 7 for the port bit configurations.)

DIG:DATA 3 Set ports 1 and 2 high and make 3 another output port. DIG:DATA 7 Set ports 1 and 2 high and make 3 an input port. DIG:DATA? Read back the present port configuration.

System Considerations The remainder of this chapter addresses some system issues concerning programming. These are addressing and the use

of the following types of HP-IB system interfaces:

1. HP Vectra PC controller with HP 82335A HP-IB Interface Command Library.

2. IBM PC controller with National Instruments GPIB-PCII Interface/Handler.

3. HP controller with HP BASIC Language System.

Read which events are active and which events are enabled in the

Operation, Questionable, and Standard Event status registers.

Assert SRQ under any event occurring in the operation or questionable registers.

The example program at the end of this chapter is intended to show how some of the same HP SAS functions can be programmed for the HP BASIC interface.

56 Remote Programming

Assigning the HP-IB Address In Programs

The HP SAS address cannot be set remotely; it must be set from the front panel. Once the address is set, you can assign it inside programs. Refer to chapter 5 under “Setting the HP-IB Address” for more information. The following example assumes that the HP-IB select code is 7, the primary address is 6, and that the HP SAS address will be assigned to the variable @PS.

1000 !Stand-alone address. The unit will respond if it is set to 6 1010 PS=706 !Statement for HP82335A Interface 1010 ASSIGN @PS TO 706 ! Statement for HP BASIC Interface 1020 !Direct address. The unit will respond if it is set to 6. or 6.0 1030 PS-70600 ! Statement for HP82335A Interface 1030 ASSIGN @PS TO 70600 ! Statement for HP BASIC Interface 1040 !Linked address 1. The unit responds if it is set to address .1 and is serially connected to a unit at direct address

6.0 1050 PS=706.01 !HP82335A Interface 1090 ASSIGN @PS TO 706.01 !HP BASIC Interface

For systems using the National Instruments DOS driver, the address is specified in the software configuration program (IBCONFIG.EXE) and assigned a symbolic name. The address then is referenced only by this name within the application program (see the National Instruments GP-IB documentation).

HP 82335A Driver Considerations

For GW-BASIC programming, the HP-IB library is implemented as a series of subroutine calls. To access these subroutines, your application program must include the header file SETUP.BAS, which is part of the DOS driver software.

SETUP.BAS starts at program line 5 and can run up to line 999. Your application programs must begin at line 1000. SETUP.BAS has built-in error checking routines that provide a method to check for HP-IB errors during program execution. You can use the error-trapping code in these routines or write your own code using the same variables as used by SETUP.BAS. If there is no error-handling code in your program, undetected errors can cause unpredictable results.

National Instruments GP-IB Driver Considerations

Your program must include the National Instruments header file DECL.BAS. This contains the initialization code for the interface. Prior to running any applications programs, you must set up the interface with the configuration program (IBCONF.EXE).

Your application program will not include the unit’s symbolic name and HP-IB address. These must be specified during configuration (when you run IBCONF.EXE). Note that the primary address range is from 0 to 30 but any secondary address must be specified in the address range of 96 to 126. The HP SAS expects a message termination on EOI or line feed, so set EOI w/last byte of Write. It is also recommended that you set Disable Auto Serial Polling.

All function calls return the status word IBSTA%, which contains a bit (ERR) that is set if the call results in an error. When ERR is set, an appropriate code is placed in variable IBERR%. Be sure to check IBSTA% after every function call. If it is not equal to zero, branch to an error handler that reads IBERR% to extract the specific error. If there is no errorhandling code in your program, undetected errors can cause unpredictable results.

HP BASIC Considerations

The HP BASIC Programming Language provides access to HP-IB functions at the operating system level. This makes it unnecessary to have the header files required in front of DOS applications programs. Also, you do not have to be concerned about controller "hangups" as long as your program includes a timeout statement. Because the HP SAS can be programmed to generate SRQ on errors, your program can use an SRQ service routine for decoding detected errors. The detectable errors are listed in appendix D.

Remote Programming 57

SAMPLE PROGRAM FOR HP SAS USING THE HP BASIC PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

10!RE-STORE"SAS_DEMO" 20 ! 30 ! This example program demonstrates how to: 40 ! 1) use the HP SAS in Fixed Mode 50 ! 2) use the HP SAS in Simulator Mode 60 ! 3) use the HP SAS in Table Mode 70 ! This program assumes the HP SAS is at HP-IB address 5 80 !====================================================== 90 ! Resetting the HP SAS 100 !====================================================== 110 CLEAR 705 120 OUTPUT 705;"*RST;*CLS" 130 ! 140 ! Turn on the output with 5V and 1A current limit 150 Display_msg("FIXED MODE") 160 OUTPUT 705;"VOLT 5;:CURR 1" 170 Output_on 180 ! 190 ! Set up and trigger a voltage change 200 OUTPUT 705;"VOLT:TRIG 6" ! set trigger output level 210 OUTPUT 705;"INIT" ! *** initiate trigger system *** 220 WAIT 2 230 OUTPUT 705;"TRIG" 240 WAIT 2 250 ! 260 Output_off 270 ! 280 ! Output a Simulator curve 290 Display_msg("SAS MODE") 300 OUTPUT 705;"CURR:SAS:ISC 4;IMP 3;:VOLT:SAS:VMP 40;VOC 55" 310 OUTPUT 705;"CURR:MODE SAS" ! put in Simulator mode 320 Output_on 330 WAIT 2 340 ! change the current curve to an auto-parallel "Slave" curve 350 OUTPUT 705;"CURR:SAS:ISC 0;IMP 0" 360 WAIT 2 370 Output_off 380 ! 390 ! Table mode 400 Display_msg("TABLE MODE") 410 ! 420 OUTPUT 705;"MEM:TABL:SEL T1" ! create table T1 430 ! Download data points for table T1 440 OUTPUT 705;"MEM:TABL:VOLT 0, 5, 10, 40, 45, 50" 450 OUTPUT 705;"MEM:TABL:CURR 4, 3.8, 3.6, 3, 1, 0" 460 ! 470 OUTPUT 705;"CURR:TABL:NAME T1" ! activate table T1 480 OUTPUT 705;"CURR:MODE TABLE" ! put in Table mode 490 Output_on 500 WAIT 2 510 ! change voltage offset 520 OUTPUT 705;"VOLT:TABL:OFFS -2.25" 530 WAIT 2 540 ! change current offset 550 OUTPUT 705;"CURR:TABL:OFFS -0.5" 560 WAIT 2

Figure 6-3. Programming HP SAS Functions

58 Remote Programming

570 ! delete table T1 580 Display_msg("DELETING T1") 590 Output_off 600 OUTPUT 705;"CURR:MODE FIX" ! exit Table mode 610 OUTPUT 705;"CURR:TABL:NAME " ! de-activate active table (T1) 620 ! space required after :NAME 630 OUTPUT 705;"MEM:TABL:SEL " ! de-select working table (T1) 640 ! space required after :SEL 650 OUTPUT 705;"MEM:DEL T1" ! delete table T1 660 END 670 ! 680 SUB Display_msg(Msg$) 690 OUTPUT 705;"DISP:TEXT '"&Msg$&"'" 700 OUTPUT 705;"DISP:MODE TEXT" 710 WAIT 2 720 OUTPUT 705;"DISP:MODE NORM" 730 SUBEND 740 ! 750 SUB Output_on 760 OUTPUT 705;"OUTP 1" 770 SUBEND 780 ! 790 SUB Output_off 800 OUTPUT 705;"OUTP 0" 810 SUBEND 820 !

Figure 6-3. Programming HP SAS Functions (continued)

Remote Programming 59

Language Dictionary

Introduction

This section gives the syntax and parameters for all the IEEE 488.2 SCPI commands and the Common commands used by the HP SAS. It is assumed that you are familiar with the material in chapter 6 - Remote Programming. That chapter explains the terms, symbols, and syntactical structures used here and gives an introduction to programming. You should also be familiar with chapter 5 - Front Panel Operation in order to understand how the HP SAS functions.

The programming examples are simple applications of SCPI commands. Since SCPI syntax remains the same for all programming languages, the examples are generic.

Syntax definitions use the long form, but only short form headers (or "keywords") appear in the examples. If you have any concern that the meaning of a header in your program listing will not be obvious at some later time, then use the long form to help make your program self-documenting.

Parameters

Most commands require a parameter and all queries will return a parameter. The range for a parameter may vary according to the model of HP SAS. Parameters for all models are listed in Table 7-3.

Related Commands

Where appropriate, related commands or queries are included. These are listed either because they are directly related by function or because reading about them will clarify or enhance your understanding of the original command or query.

Order of Presentation

The dictionary is organized as follows:

l IEEE 488.2 common commands, in alphabetical order. l Subsystem commands.

Common Commands Common commands begin with an * and consist of three letters (command) or three letters and a ? (query). Common

commands are defined by the IEEE 488.2 standard to perform some common interface functions. The HP SAS responds to the 13 required common commands that control status reporting, synchronization, and internal operations. The HP SAS also responds to five optional common commands controlling triggers, power-on conditions, and stored operating parameters.

Subsystem Commands Subsystem commands are specific to HP SAS functions. They can be a single command or a group of commands. The

groups are comprised of commands that extend one or more levels below the root. The description of subsystem commands follows the listing of the common commands.

Language Dictionary 61

Description Of Common Commands

Table 7-1 shows the common commands and queries. These commands are listed alphabetically in the dictionary. If a

command has a corresponding query that simply returns the data or status specified by the command, then both command and query are included under the explanation for the command. If a query does not have a corresponding command or is functionally different from the command, then the query is listed separately. The description of each common command or query specifies any status registers affected. In order to make use of this information, you must refer to "Chapter 4 Status Reporting", which explains how to read specific register bits and use the information that they return.

Table 7-1 Common Commands

Command Parameters Command Parameters Command Parameters

*CLS

(None)

*OPC? *ESE <NRf> *PSC *ESE? *ESR? *IDN? *OPC

(None) (None) (None) (None)

*PSC?

*RCL <NRf> *TRG

*RST

*SAV <NRf> *WAI

(None) <bool> (None)

(None)

*SRE <NRf> *SRE? *STB?

(None) (None) (None)

*TST?

(None) (None)

*CLS Meaning and Type

Clear Status Device Status Description

This command causes the following actions (see "Chapter 4 - Status Reporting" for descriptions of all registers):

l Clears the Standard Event Status, Operation Status Event, Questionable Status Event, and Status Byte registers. l Clears the Error Queue. l If *CLS immediately follows a program message terminator (<NL>), then the output queue and the MAV bit are

also cleared.

Command Syntax *CLS Parameters (None) Query Syntax (None)

*ESE Meaning and Type

Event Status Enable Device Status Description

This command programs the Standard Event Status Enable register bits. The programming determines which events of

the Standard Event Status Event register (see *ESR?) are allowed to set the ESB (Event Summary Bit) of the Status Byte register. A "1" in the bit position enables the corresponding event. All of the enabled events of the Standard Event Status Event register are logically ORed to cause the Event Summary Bit (ESB) of the Status Byte register to be set. See chapter 4 - "Status Reporting" for descriptions of all three registers.

Bit Configuration of Standard Event Status Enable Register Bit Position Bit Name Bit Weight

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

PON 0 CME EXE DDE QYE 0 OPC

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

CME = Command error; DDE = Device-dependent error; EXE = Execution error;

OPC = Operation complete; PON Power-on; QYE = Query error.

62 Language Dictionary

If PSC is programmed to 0, the *ESE register bits are stored in nonvolatile memory. The

maximum number of write cycles and may cause the memory to fail.

Command Syntax *ESE <NRf> Parameters 0 to 255 Power On Value (See *PSC) Suffix (None) Example *ESE 129 Query Syntax *ESE? Returned Parameters <NR1> (Register value) Related Commands *ESR? *PSC *STB?

*ESR? Meaning and Type

Event Status Register Device Status Description

This query reads the Standard Event Status Event register. Reading the register clears it. The bit configuration of this

register is the same as the Standard Event Status Enable register (*ESE). See "Chapter 4 - Status Reporting" for a detailed explanation of this register.

Query Syntax *ESR? Parameters (None) Returned Parameters <NR1> (Register binary value) Related Commands *CLS *ESE *ESE? *OPC

*IDN? Identification Query

Meaning and Type Identification System Interface

Description This query requests the HP SAS to identify itself. It returns a string composed of four fields separated by commas.

Query Syntax *IDN? Returned Parameters <AARD> Field Information Hewlett-Packard Manufacturer EnnnnB 6-character model number USnnnnnnnn 10-character serial number or 0 <R>.xx.xx Revision levels of firmware Example HEWLETT-PACKARD,E4350B,0,A.00.01 Related Commands (None)

nonvolatile memory has a finite maximum number of write cycles (see Supplemental Characteristics in appendix A). Programs that repeatedly write to nonvolatile memory can eventually exceed the

Language Dictionary 63

*OPC Meaning and Type

Operation Complete Device Status Description

This command causes the interface to set the OPC bit (bit 0) of the Standard Event Status register when the HP SAS has

completed all pending operations. (See *ESE for the bit configuration of the Standard Event Status register.) Pending operations are complete when:

l All commands sent before *OPC have been executed. This includes overlapped commands. Most commands are

sequential and are completed before the next command is executed. Overlapped commands are executed in parallel with other commands. Commands that affect output voltage, current or state, relays, and trigger actions are overlapped with subsequent commands sent to the HP SAS.

l Any change in the output level caused by previous commands has been completed. l All triggers are completed.

*OPC does not prevent processing of subsequent commands but Bit 0 will not be set until all pending operations are completed.

Command Syntax *OPC Parameters (None) Query Syntax (None) Related Commands *OPC? *ESE

*OPC? Meaning and Type

Operation Complete Device Status Description

This query causes the interface to place an ASCII "1" in the Output Queue when all pending operations are completed.

Pending operations are as defined for the *OPC command. Unlike *OPC, *OPC? prevents processing of all subsequent commands. *OPC? is intended to be used at the end of a command line so that the application program can then monitor the bus for data until it receives the "1" from the power module Output Queue.

Do not follow *OPC? with *TRG or HP-IB bus triggers. Since triggers sent after *OPC? will not execute, this will prevent the unit from accepting further commands. If this occurs, the only programmable way to restore operation is by sending the HP SAS a HP-IB DCL (Device Clear).

Query Syntax *OPC? Returned Parameters <NR1> A 1is placed in the Output Queue when the operation is

complete

Related Commands *OPC *TRIG *WAI *OPT? Meaning and Type

Option Identification Query Description

This query identifies any installed options. Options are identified by a number. 0 indicates no options are installed. Query Syntax *OPT?

Returned Parameters <AARD> (multiple options separated by commas)

64 Language Dictionary

*PSC Meaning and Type

Power-on Status Clear Device Initialization Description

This command controls the automatic clearing at power turn-on of the Service Request Enable register and the Standard

Event Status Enable register. The setting of the *PSC command is stored in non-volatile memory. If the command parameter = 1, then the above registers are cleared at power turn-on. If the command parameter = 0, then

the above registers are not cleared at power turn-on but are programmed to their last state prior to power turn on. This is the most common application for *PSC and enables the power module to generate an SRQ (Service Request) at power on.

*PSC writes to nonvolatile memory. If *PSC is programmed to 0, then the *ESE and *SRE

cause the

Command Syntax *PSC <bool> Parameters 0 | 1 | OFF | ON Example *PSC 0 *PSC 1 Query Syntax *PSC? Returned Parameters <NR1> 0 | 1 Related Commands *ESE *SRE

*RCL Meaning and Type

Recall Device State

Description This command restores the HP SAS to a state that was previously stored in memory with a *SAV command to the

specified location. The following states are recalled:

CURR[:LEV][:IMM] DIG:DATA[:VAL] VOLT[:LEV][:IMM] CURR:PROT:STAT OUTP[:STAT] VOLT:PROT[:LEV] CURR:PROT[:LEV] OUTP:PROT:DEL

Sending *RCL also does the following:

l Forces an ABORt command before resetting any parameters (this cancels any uncompleted trigger actions). l Disables the calibration function by setting CAL:STATe to OFF. l Sets display functions as follows:

l Sets INIT:CONT to OFF. l Sets TRIG:SOUR to BUS. l Resets the HP SAS to FIXed mode (CURR:MODE:FIX)

commands also write to nonvolatile memory. The nonvolatile memory has a finite maximum number of write cycles (see Supplemental Characteristics in appendix A). Programs that repeatedly write to nonvolatile memory can eventually exceed the maximum number of write cycles and may

memory to fail.

Recalling a previously stored state may place hazardous voltage at the HP SAS output.

[:WIND][:STATe] to ON. [:WIND]:MODE to NORMal. [:WIND]:TEXT to ' '.

Language Dictionary 65

At power turn-on, the HP SAS normally is returned to the factory defined turn-on state (see *RST). However, it also may turn on to the state stored in location 0 (see chapter 5 under Turn-On Condition).

Command Syntax *RCL <NRf> Parameters 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 Example *RCL 3 Query Syntax (None) Related Commands *PSC *RST *SAV

*RST Meaning and Type

Reset Device State Description

This command resets the HP SAS to a factory-defined state as defined below. *RST also forces an ABORt command. If

Simulator or Table mode had previously been programmed, the operation of the unit returns to Fixed mode. Simulator mode settings revert to the factory default values, and no tables are selected.

Command State CAL:STAT OFF DISP[:WIND]:MODE NORM CURR[:LEV][:IMM] * DISP[:WIND]:TEXT CURR[:LEV]:TRIG * INIT:CONT OFF CURR:MODE FIXed OUTP[:STAT] OFF CURR:PROT MAX OUTP:PROT:DEL * CURR:PROT[:LEV] * TRIG:SOUR BUS CURR:PROT:STAT OFF VOLT[:LEV][:IMM] * CURR:SAS:ISC IMAX VOLT[:LEV][:TRIG] * CURR:SAS:IMP 0.8 X IMAX VOLT:PROT[:LEV] * CURR:TABL:OFFS 0 VOLT:SAS:VOC VMAX DIG:DATA 0 VOLT:SAS:VMP 0.8 X VMAX DISP[:WIND]:STAT ON VOLT:TABL:OFFS 0

Command Syntax *RST Parameters (None) Query Syntax (None) Related Commands *PSC *SAV

*SAV Meaning and Type

SAVE Device State Description

This command only applies in Fixed operating mode. It saves the present state of the HP SAS to the specified location in

non-volatile memory. Up to four states can be stored. Under certain conditions (see Turn-On Conditions in chapter 5), location 0 may hold the device state that is automatically recalled at power turn-on. Simulator and Table mode states cannot be saved by this command. The following HP SAS parameters are stored by *SAV:

* Model-dependent value. See Table 7-3.

CURR[:LEV][:IMM] OUTP[:STAT] OUTP:REL:POL CURR:PROT:STAT OUTP:PROT:DEL VOLT[:LEV][:IMM] DIG:DATA[:VAL] OUTP:REL[:STAT] VOLT:PROT[:LEV]

66 Language Dictionary

The HP SAS uses nonvolatile memory for recording register states. Programs that repeatedly use

*SAV for recalling states cause frequent write cycles to the memory and can eventually exceed the maximum number of write cycles and may cause the memory to fail (see Supplemental

Characteristics in appendix A).

Command Syntax *SAV <NRf> Parameters 0|1|2|3 Example SAV 3 Query Syntax (None) Related Commands *RCL *RST

*SRE Meaning and Type

Service Request Enable Device Interface Description

This command sets the condition of the Service Request Enable Register. This register determines which bits from the

Status Byte Register (see *STB for its bit configuration) are allowed to set the Master Status Summary (MSS) bit and the Request for Service (RQS) summary bit. A 1 in any Service Request Enable Register bit position enables the corresponding Status Byte Register bit and all such enabled bits then are logically ORed to cause Bit 6 of the Status Byte Register to be set. See "Chapter 4 - Status Reporting" for more details concerning this process.

When the controller conducts a serial poll in response to SRQ, the RQS bit is cleared, but the MSS bit is not. When *SRE is cleared (by programming it with 0), the HP SAS cannot generate an SRQ to the controller.

If PSC is programmed to 0, the *SRE register bits are stored in nonvolatile memory. The

Command Syntax *SRE <NRf> Parameters 0-to 255 Default Value (See *PSC) Example *SRE 20 Query Syntax *SRE? Returned Parameters <NR1> (Register binary value) Related Commands *ESE *ESR *PSC

*STB? Meaning and Type

Status Byte Device Status Description

This query reads the Status Byte register, which contains the status summary bits and the Output Queue MAV bit.

Reading the Status Byte register does not clear it. The input summary bits are cleared when the appropriate event registers are read (see "Chapter 4 - Status Reporting" for more information). The MAV bit is cleared at power on or by *CLS.

A serial poll also returns the value of the Status Byte register, except that bit 6 returns a Request for Service (RQS) instead of a Master Status Summary (MSS). A serial poll clears RQS, but not MSS. When MSS is set, it indicates that the HP SAS has one or more reasons for requesting service.

nonvolatile memory has a finite maximum number of write cycles (see Supplemental Characteristics in appendix A). Programs that repeatedly write to nonvolatile memory can eventually exceed the maximum number of write cycles and may cause the memory to fail.

Language Dictionary 67

Bit Configuration of Status Byte Register Bit Position Condition

Bit Weight

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

OPER

MSS

ESB MAV QUES

(RQS)

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

ESB = Event status byte summary; MAV = Message available; MSS = Master status summary; OPER = Operation status summary; QUES = Questionable status summary; RQS = Request for service.

Also represents RQS. 2These bits are always zero.

Query Syntax *STB? Returned Parameters <NR1> (Register binary value)

*TRG Meaning and Type

Trigger Device Trigger Description

This command generates a trigger when the trigger subsystem has BUS selected as its source. The command has the

same effect as the Group Execute Trigger (<GET>) command.

Command Syntax *TRG Parameters (None) Query Syntax (None) Related Commands ABOR CURR:TRIG INIT TRIG VOLT:TRIG <GET>

*TST? Meaning and Type

Test Device Test Description

This query causes the HP SAS to do a self-test and report any errors (see "Selftest Error Messages" in "Chapter 3 - Turn-

On Checkout").

Query Syntax *TST? Returned Parameters <NR1> 0 Indicates HP SAS passed self-test. Nonzero indicates an error code.

*WAI Meaning and Type

Wait to Continue Device Status Description

This command instructs the HP SAS not to process any further commands until all pending operations are completed.

"Pending operations" are as defined under the *OPC command. *WAI can be aborted only by sending the HP SAS an HP-IB DCL (Device Clear) command.

Command Syntax *WAI Parameters (None) Query Syntax (None) Related Commands *OPC *OPC?

68 Language Dictionary

Description Of Subsystem Commands

Table 7-2 is a tree diagram of the subsystem commands. Commands followed by a question mark (?) take only the query

form. Except as noted in the syntax descriptions, all other commands take both the command and query form. The commands are listed in alphabetical order and the commands within each subsystem are grouped alphabetically under the subsystem.

This summary lists all HP SAS subsystem commands in alphabetical order, followed by all common commands in alphabetical order. See Table 7-3 for the command parameters accepted by each HP SAS model.

Table 7-2. Subsystem Commands Syntax

ABORt Resets the trigger system to the Idle state

CALibrate See Appendix B

DISPlay [:WINDow] [:STATe] <bool> Enable/disable front panel display (0,1,OFF,ON) :MODE <mode> Set display mode (NORM | TEXT) :TEXT [:DATA] <string> Sets the text that is displayed

INITiate [:IMMediate] Initiates the output trigger system :CONTinuous, <bool> Sets continuous initialization (0,1,OFF,ON)

MEASure :CURRent [:DC]? Returns dc current :VOLTage [:DC]? Returns dc voltage

MEMory :COPy :TABLe <name> Copy selected table to non-volatile memory with new name. :DELete :ALL | DELete <name> Delete all user-defined tables [:NAME} <name> Delete specified user-defined table :TABLe :CATalog? Returns names of all user-defined tables :CURRent [:MAGNitude] <NRf+> Appends current points to selected table :POINts? Returns number of current points in selected table :SELect [<name>] Selects a table for subsequent table commands :VOLTage [:MAGNitude] <NRf+> Appends voltage points to selected table :POINts? Returns number of voltage points in selected table

OUTPut [:STATe] <bool> Enables/disables the dc source output :PROTection :CLEar Reset latched protection :DELay <NRf+> Delay after programming/before protection (0 to 32,767)

Language Dictionary 69

Table 7-2. Subsystem Commands Syntax (continued)

[SOURce:] CURRent [:LEVel] [:IMMediate][:AMPLitude]<NRf+> Sets the output current level :TRIGgered [:AMPLitude] <NRf+> Sets the triggered output current level :MODE <mode> Sets the operating mode (FIX | SAS | TABL) :PROTection [:LEVel] <NRf+> Sets over-current protection level in Simulator and Table modes :STATe <bool> Enable/Disable Fixed mode current limit protection

(0,1,OFF,ON). :SASimulator :ISC <NRf+> Sets the short-circuit current in simulator mode :IMP <NRf+> Sets the maximum-power current in simulator mode :TABLe :NAME [<name>] Selects a table for use when the operating mode is Table :OFFSet <NRf+> Sets the offset current when the operating mode is Table DIGital :DATA [:VALue] <NRf+> Sets and reads the digital control port VOLTage [:LEVel] [:IMMediate][:AMPLitude] <NRf+> Sets the dc voltage level :TRIGgered [:AMPLitude] <NRf+> Sets the triggered voltage level :PROTection [:LEVel] <n> Sets the overvoltage protection threshold :SASimulator :VOC <NRf+> Sets the open-circuit voltage in simulator mode :VMP <NRf+> Sets the maximum-power voltage in simulator mode :TABLe :OFFSet <NRf+> Sets the offset voltage when the operating mode is Table STATus :OPERation [:EVENt]? Returns the value of the event register :CONDition? Returns the value of the condition register :ENABle <NRf> Enables specific bits in the Event register :NTRansition<NRf> Sets the Negative transition filter :PTRansition<NRf> Sets the Positive transition filter :PRESet Presets all enable and transition registers to power-on :QUEStionable [:EVENt]? Returns the value of the event register :CONDition? Returns the value of the condition register :ENABle <NRf Enables specific bits in the Event register :NTRansition<NRf> Sets the Negative transition filter :PTRansition<NRf> Sets the Positive transition filter

SYSTem :ERRor? Returns the error number and error string :VERSion? Returns the SCPI version number

TRIGger [:IMMediate] Triggers the measurement immediately :SOURce <source> Sets the trigger source (BUS)

Table 7-3 list the programming parameters for each of the models in Fixed mode

70 Language Dictionary

Table 7-3. HP SAS Programming Parameters (in Fixed Mode)

Parameter HP E4350B HP E4351B

CURR[:LEV] MAX and CURR[:LEV]:TRIG MAX CURR:PROT[:LEV]: MAX (Programming range is 0 to MAX) *RST Current Value *RST Current Protect Value OUTP:PROT:DEL *RST Value VOLT[:LEV] MAX and VOLT[:LEV]:TRIG MAX (Programming range is 0 to MAX) *RST Voltage Value VOLT:PROT MAX (Programming range is 0 to MAX) *RST OVP value

Calibration Commands See appendix B.

Display Subsystem This subsystem controls the state and output of the alphanumeric portion of the display. DISP Enables or disables the display. When disabled, the display characters are blank. The annunciators are not affected by

this command.

Command Syntax DISPlay[:WINDow][:STATe] <bool> Parameters 0 | 1 | OFF | ON *RST Value ON Examples DISP ON DISPLAY:STATE ON Query Syntax DISPlay[:WINDow][STATe]? Returned Parameters <NR1> 0 or 1 Related Commands DISP:MODE DISP:TEXT *RST

DISP:MODE Switches the display between its normal metering mode and a mode in which it displays text sent by the user.

Command Syntax DISPlay[:WINDow]:MODE <CRD> Parameters NORMal | TEXT *RST Value NORM Examples DISP:MODE NORM DISPLAY:MODE NORMAL Query Syntax DISPlay[:WINDow]:MODE? Returned Parameters <CRD> NORMAL or TEXT Related Commands DISP DISP:TEXT *RST

8.16 A 4.08 A

8.16 A 4.08 A 10 A 5 A

0.096 A 0.048 A MAX for both models

0 to 32.767 s (MAX) both models

200 ms both models

61.50 V 123.0 V

0 V for both models

73.0 V 140.0 V

Language Dictionary 71

DISP:TEXT Sends character strings to the display when the display mode is TEXT. The LCD display has the following character set:

LCD Character Set uppercase letters digits punctuation blank space

A display is capable of showing up to 12 characters. However, the three punctuation characters do not count toward the

12- character limit when they are preceded by an alphanumeric character. When punctuation characters are included, then the maximum number of characters (alphanumeric + punctuation) that can be displayed is 15. If it exceeds the display capacity, a message will be truncated to fit and no error message will be generated. If any character in the message is not a member of the above character set, the character will be displayed as a starburst (all 16 segments of the character are lit).

Note IEEE Standard Digital Interface for Programmable Instrumentation requires that a string be enclosed in

either single (‘) or double (") quotes.

Command Syntax DISPlay[:WINDow]:TEXT [:DATA] <STR> Parameters (See LCD character set) *RST Value ‘ ‘ Examples DISP:TEXT "DEFAULT_MODE" Query Syntax DISPlay[:WINDow]:TEXT? Returned Parameters <STR> (Last programmed text string) Related Commands DISP DISP:MODE *RST

Measure Subsystem Measurement commands measure the output voltage and current.

MEAS:CURR? MEAS:VOLT?

These queries return the voltage and current measured at the HP SAS's sense terminals. Query Syntax MEASure:CURRent[:DC]?

MEASure:VOLTage[:DC]? Parameters (None) Default Suffix A for MEAS:CURR? V for MEAS:VOLT? Examples MEAS:CURR? MEAS:VOLT? MEASURE:VOLTAGE:DC? MV Returned Parameters <NR3>

A through Z (Case-sensitive entry) 0 through 9 _ | “ $ < > + - / = ? . : ,

72 Language Dictionary

Memory Subsystem This subsystem manages the instrument’s data table memory.

MEM:COPY:TABL This command copies the table that was selected with MEM:TABL:SEL to non-volatile memory. You can use the same

name or a different name. Names cannot be longer than 12 alphanumeric characters and must start with an alpha character. A maximum of 30 tables can be stored in non-volatile memory. Non-volatile memory has only 3,500 table points available to be shared among all tables. Tables larger than 3,500 points cannot be copied.

Command Syntax MEMory:COPY:TABLe <STR> Parameters a valid table name Examples MEM:COPY:TABL curve1

MEM:DEL:ALL MEM:DEL[:NAME]

These commands delete all, or the specified user-defined table in both volatile and non-volatile memory. Note that

MEM:DEL:ALL does not delete any tables if a table has been activated with the SOURe:CURRent:TABLe command.

Command Syntax MEMory:DELete:ALL MEMory:DELete[:NAME] <STR> Parameters a valid table name Examples MEM:DEL:ALL MEM:DEL:NAME curve1

MEM:TABL:SEL

This command creates a new table to be programmed with a list of voltage and current points. Table names cannot be longer than 12 alphanumeric characters and must start with an alpha character. This command is also used to select an existing table in volatile memory to be copied into non-volatile memory using MEM:COPY:TABL. If you send this command without specifying a table name, it will de-select any selected table.

Command Syntax MEMory:TABLe:SELect [<name>] Parameters a valid table name Examples MEM:TABL:SEL MEM:TABL:SEL curve1

MEM:TABL:CURR MEM:TABL:VOLT

These commands program a list of current or voltage points for a new table. A table must have at least 3 points. A maximum of 100 comma-separated points may be entered each time the commands are used. Repeatedly sending this command will append additional points to the end of the table, up to a maximum of 4000 points. A maximum of 30 tables can be stored in volatile memory. Volatile memory has 30,000 table points available to be shared among all tables.

If you are programming a slave unit that is paralleled to a master unit, you must send the same values to the slave unit . However, you must append a -999 to the end of the current string and a +999 to the end of the voltage string. These values configure the unit as a slave.

Command Syntax MEMory:TABLe:CURRent [:MAGNitude] <Nrf> MEMory:TABLe:VOLTage [:MAGNitude] <Nrf> Parameters 0 to maximum current or voltage rating (current values must be entered in equal or in descending order; voltage values must be entered in ascending order) Default Value 0 Examples MEM:TABL:CURR 7.8,7.7,7.5, 7,6.5,5.5,4,3,2,1 MEM:TABL:CURR 7.8,7.7,7.5, 7,6.5,5.5,4,3,2,1, -999 (paralleled slave unit ) MEM:TABL:VOLT 5,35,45,50,52,54,56,57,58,59 MEM:TABL:VOLT 5,35,45,50,52,54,56,57,58,59, +999 (paralleled slave unit)

Language Dictionary 73

MEM:TABL:CURR:POIN? MEM:TABL:VOLT:POIN?

These commands return the number of current or voltage points in the active table.

Query Syntax MEMory:TABLe:CURRent[:MAGnitude]:POINts? MEMory:TABLe:VOLTage[:MAGnitude]:POINts? Returned Parameters <NRI> (number of points) Examples MEM:TABL:CURR:POIN? MEM:TABL:VOLT:POIN? Related Commands MEM:TABL:VOLT MEM:TABL:CURR

MEM:TABL:CAT?

This command returns the names of all user-defined table.

Query Syntax MEMory:TABLe:CATalog? Returned Parameters <STR> (all table names separated by commas)

Examples MEM:TABL:CAT?

“Table1”, “Table2”,”Table3”,” “ (“ “ = end of list)

Output Subsystem Output commands control the HP SAS's voltage and current outputs and an optional output relay.

Source commands program the actual voltage, current, and protection functions.

OUTP This command enables or disables the HP SAS output. The state of a disabled output is a condition of zero output voltage

and a model-dependent minimum source current (see Table 7-3). The query form returns the output state.

Command Syntax OUTPut[:STATe] <bool> Parameters 0 | OFF | 1 | ON *RST Value 0 Examples OUTP 1 OUTPUT:STATE ON Query Syntax OUTPut(:STATe]? Returned Parameters <NR1> 0 or 1 Related Commands *RST *RCL *SAV

OUTP:PROT:CLE This command clears any OV (overvoltage), OC (overcurrent ), OT (overtemperature), or RI (remote inhibit) protection

features. After this command, the output is restored to the state it was in before the protection feature occurred.

Command Syntax OUTPut:PROTection:CLEar Parameters (None) Query Syntax (None) Examples OUTP:PROT:CLE OUTPUT:PROTECTION:CLEAR

74 Language Dictionary

OUTP:PROT:DEL This command only applies in Fixed mode. It sets the time in seconds between the programming of an output change

that produces a CV, CC, or UNREG condition and the recording of that condition by the Status Operation Condition register. The delay prevents the momentary changes in HP SAS status that can occur during reprogramming from being registered as events by the status subsystem. Since the delay applies to CC status, it also delays the OCP (Fixed mode overcurrent protection) feature. The OVP (overvoltage protection) and the OC (overcurrent level) is not affected by this delay.

Command Syntax OUTPut:PROTection:DELay <NRf> Parameters 0 to 32,767 | MIN | MAX Units seconds *RST Value 0 Examples OUTPUT:PROTECTION:DELAY 75E-1 Query Syntax OUTPut:PROTection:DELay? OUTPut:PROTection:DELay? MIN OUTPut:PROTection:DELay? MAX Returned Parameters <NR3> OUTP:PROT:DEL? returns value of programmed delay.

OUTP:PROT:DEL? MIN and OUTP:PROT:DEL? MAX return the minimum and maximum programmable delays.

Related Commands *RST *RCL *SAV CURR:PROT:STAT

[SOUR:]CURR [SOUR:]CURR:TRIG

These commands only apply in Fixed mode. They set the immediate current level or the pending triggered current level

of the HP SAS. The immediate level is the current programmed for the output terminals. The pending triggered level is a stored current value that is transferred to the output terminals when a trigger occurs. A pending triggered level is unaffected by subsequent CURR commands and remains in effect until the trigger subsystem receives a trigger or an ABORt command is given. If there is no pending CURR:TRIG level, then the query form returns the CURR level. In order for CURR:TRIG to be executed, the trigger subsystem must be initiated (see INITiate).

Command Syntax [SOURce]:CURRent[:LEVel] [:IMMediate][:AMPLitude] <NRf+>

[SOURce][:CURRent[:LEVel]:TRIGgered [:AMPLitude] <NRf+>

Parameters Table 7-3 Default Suffix A *RST Value Table 7-3 Examples CURR 200 MA CURRENT:LEVEL 200 MA CURR:TRIG 20 CURRENT:LEVEL:TRIGGERED 20 Query Syntax [SOURce]:CURRent[:LEVel] [:IMMediate][:AMPLitude]?

[SOURce]:CURRent[:LEVel] [:IMMediate][:AMPLitude]? MAX [SOURce]:CURRent[:LEVel] [:IMMediate][:AMPLitude]? MIN [SOURce]:CURRent[:LEVel]:TRIGgered [:AMPLitude]? [SOURce]:CURRent[:LEVel]:TRIGgered [:AMPLitude]? MAX [SOURce]:CURRent[:LEVel]:TRIGgered [:AMPLitude]? MIN

Returned Parameters <NR3> CURR? and CURR:TRIG? return presently programmed immediate and

triggered levels. If not triggered level is programmed, both returned values are the same.

CURR? MAX and CURR? MIN return the maximum and minimum programmable

immediate current levels.

CURR:TRIG? MAX and CURR:TRIG? MIN return the maximum and minimum

programmable triggered current levels.

Related Commands For CURR *SAV *RCL *RST For CURR:TRIG ABOR CURR *RST

Language Dictionary 75

[SOUR:]CURRent:MODE

This command selects the operating mode of the HP SAS. The choices are:

FIXed

SASimulator

TABLe

Command Syntax [SOURce]:CURRent:MODE <mode> Parameter FIXed | SASimulator | TABLe *RST Value FIXed Examples CURR:MODE TABL Query Syntax CURR:MODE? Returned Parameters <CRD>

[SOUR:]CURR:PROT

In Fixed mode, the output is a fixed rectangular I-V characteristic. The output capacitance is <100 nF on

the HP E4350B and <50 nF on the HP E4351B, which optimizes the unit as a constant current source. To use the unit as a low-impedance constant voltage source, you can add an external output capacitor if desired, the value of which should not exceed 2,000 µF. Fixed mode is the power-on default mode. Simulator mode uses an exponential model to approximate the I-V curve. It is programmed in terms of its open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current (Isc), voltage point (Vmp), and current point (Imp) at approximately the peak power point All of these parameters are set using separate SCPI commands (see chapter 1 for more information about Simulator mode). Table mode sets the output characteristics by a user-defined table of voltage/current points. A curve is generated by connecting the points by straight lines. Therefore, the more points that are provided, the more the connected points will resemble a curve.

Maximum number of tables: 30 volatile and 30 nonvolatile Maximum table size (per table) 4,000 points Maximum non-volatile table points available for all tables 3,500 points Maximum volatile table points available for all tables 30,000 points

Tables are programmed using the MEMory commands as previously discussed.

This command sets an overcurrent protection level. This is a hardware protection function similar to overvoltage protection. Although always active, its primary use is in Simulator and Table modes, which do not have the constantcurrent OCP protection that is available in Fixed mode. When activated, both front panel OV and OC annunciators are lit. Note that the OUT:PROT:DEL command does not apply to this hardware overcurrent protection function.

Command Syntax [SOURce:]CURRent:PROTection[:LEVel] <level> Parameters 0 to MAX *RST Value Imax * 1.1 Examples CURR:PROT 5 Query Syntax [SOURce]:CURRent:PROTection[:LEVel]? Returned Parameters <NRI> Related Commands OUTP:PROT:CLE *RST

[SOUR:]CURR:PROT:STAT This command is active in Fixed mode only. It enables or disables the HP SAS overcurrent protection (OCP) function.

If the overcurrent protection function is enabled and the HP SAS goes into constant-current operating mode, then the output is disabled and the Questionable Condition status register OC bit is set (see chapter 8 for more information). An overcurrent condition can be cleared with the OUTP:PROT:CLE command after the cause of the condition is removed.

Command Syntax [SOURce]:CURRent:PROTection:STATe <bool> Parameters 0 | 1 | OFF | ON *RST Value OFF Examples CURR:PROT:STAT 0 CURRENT:PROTECTION:STATE OFF CURR:PROT:STAT 1 CURRENT:PROTECTION:STATE ON Query Syntax [SOURce]:CURRent:PROTection:STATe? Returned Parameters <NRI> 0 or 1 Related Commands OUTP:PROT:CLE OUTP:PROT:DEL *RST

76 Language Dictionary

[SOUR:]CURR:SAS:ISC

This command sets the short-circuit current for the Simulator mode. If you are programming a slave unit that is paralleled to a master unit, you must set Isc and Imp to zero (0). This configures the unit to act as a slave.

Command Syntax [SOURce]:CURRent:SASimulator:ISC <NRf> Parameter for ISC 0 to 8A for HP E4350B (0 configures the unit as a slave) 0 to 4A for HP E4351B (0 configures the unit as a slave) *RST Value Imax Examples CURR:SAS:ISC 5 CURR:SAS:ISC 5;IMP 4;:VOLT:SAS:VOC 60;VMP 50 CURR:SAS:ISC 0;IMP 0;:VOLT:SAS:VOC 60;VMP 50 (auto paralleled slave) Query Syntax CURR:SAS:ISC? Returned Parameters <NRI>

[SOUR:]CURR:SAS:IMP

This command sets the current at the peak power point of the Simulator mode. If you are programming a slave unit that is paralleled to a master unit, you must set Imp and Isc to zero (0). This configures the unit to act as a slave.

Command Syntax [SOURce]:CURRent:SASimulator:IMP <NRf> Parameter for IMP ≤ ISC (0 configures the unit as a slave) *RST Value 0.8 X 8.16A for HP E4350B

0.8 X 4.08A for HP E4351B Examples CURR:SAS:IMP 4 CURR:SAS:ISC 5;IMP 4;:VOLT:SAS:VOC 60;VMP 50 CURR:SAS:ISC 0;IMP 0;:VOLT:SAS:VOC 60;VMP 50 (auto paralleled slave) Query Syntax CURR:SAS:IMP? Returned Parameters <NRI>

[SOUR:]CURR:TABL:NAME

This command activates a user-defined table when the unit is operating in Table mode. If the unit is not in Table mode, the specified table becomes the active table when Table mode is invoked. If you send this command with a space as the table name, it de-selects the active table. This allows the MEMory:DELete:ALL command to delete all tables in memory.

Command Syntax [SOURce]:CURRent:TABLe:NAME <name> Parameter a valid table name or a space Examples CURR:TABL:NAME curve1 Query Syntax CURR:TABL:NAME? Returned Parameters <CRD>

[SOUR:]CURR:TABL:OFFS

This command adds a current offset when operating in Table mode.

Command Syntax [SOURce]:CURRent:TABLe:OFFSet <NRf> Parameter 0 to Imax *RST Value 0 Examples CURR:TABL:OFFSet 4 Query Syntax CURR:TABL:OFFS? Returned Parameters <NRI>

[SOUR:]DIG:DATA This command sets and reads the HP SAS digital control port when that port is configured for Digital I/O operation.

Configuring of the port is done via an internal jumper (see Appendix D). The port has three signal pins and a digital ground pin. Pins 1 and 2 are output pins controlled by bits 0 and 1. Pin 3 is controlled by bit 3 and can be programmed to serve either as an input or an output. Pin 4 is the digital ground.

Language Dictionary 77

Bit position 2 normally serves as an output. To change it to an input, it must first be programmed high. The

DIG:DATA? query returns the last programmed value in bits 0 and 1 and the value read at pin 3 in bit 2. The bits are turned on and off in straight binary code as follows:

Digital I/O Port Programming Chart

Bit

Configuration

Value

0 1 2 1 2 3 4

Pin Configuration

Bit

Configuration

Value

0 1 2 1 2 3 4

Pin Configuration

0 0 0 0 Lo Lo Output Gnd 4 0 0 1 Lo Lo Input Gnd 1 1 0 0 Hi Lo Output Gnd 5 1 0 1 Hi Lo Input Gnd 2 0 1 0 Lo Hi Output Gnd 6 0 1 1 Lo Hi Input Gnd 3 1 1 0 Hi Hi Output Gnd 7 1 1 1 Hi Hi Input Gn 1Pins 1 and 2 are always outputs

Command Syntax [SOURce]:DlGital:DATA[:VALuel <NRf> Parameters 0 to 7 *RST Value 0 Examples DIG:DATA 7 DIGITAL:DATA:VALUE 7 Query Syntax [SOURce]:DlGital:DATA? Returned Parameters <NRI> Values from 0 to 7 Related Commands *RST *RCL *SAV

[SOUR:]VOLT [SOUR:]VOLT:TRIG

These commands set the immediate voltage level or the pending triggered voltage level of the HP SAS. The immediate level is the voltage programmed for the output terminals. The pending triggered level is a stored voltage value that is transferred to the output terminals when a trigger occurs. A pending triggered level is unaffected by subsequent VOLT commands and remains in effect until the trigger subsystem receives a trigger or an ABORt command is given. If there is no pending VOLT:TRIG level, then the query form returns the VOLT level. In order for VOLT:TRIG to be executed, the trigger subsystem must be initiated (see INITiate).

Command Syntax [SOURce]:VOLTage[:LEVel][:IMMediate][AMPLitude] <NRf+>

[SOURce][:VOLTage[:LEVel]:TRIGgered[:AMPLitude]

<NRf+>

Parameters Table 7-3

Default Suffix V

*RST Value Table 7-3

Examples VOLT 200 MA VOLTAGE:LEVEL 200 MA

VOLTAGE:LEVEL:IMMEDIATE:AMPLITUDE 2.5 VOLT:TRIG 20 VOLTAGE:LEVEL:TRIGGERED 20

Query Syntax [SOURce]:VOLTage[:LEVel][:IMMediate][:AMPLitude]?

[SOURce]:VOLTage[:LEVel][:IMMediate][:AMPLitude]? MAX [SOURce]:VOLTage[:LEVel][:IMMediate][:AMPLitude]? MIN [SOURce]:VOLTage[:LEVel]:TRIGgered[:AMPLitude]? [SOURce]:VOLTage[:LEVel]:TRIGgered[:AMPLitude]? MAX [SOURce]:VOLTage[:LEVel]:TRIGgered[:AMPLitude]? MIN

Returned Parameters <NR3> VOLT? and VOLT:TRIG? return presently programmed

immediate and triggered levels. If not triggered level is

programmed, both returned values are the same.

VOLT? MAX and VOLT? MIN return the maximum and minimum programmable immediate voltage levels. VOLT:TRIG? MAX and VOLT:TRIG? MIN return the maximum and minimum programmable triggered voltage levels.

Related Commands For VOLT *SAV *RCL *RST

For VOLT:TRIG ABOR VOLT *RST

78 Language Dictionary

[SOUR:]VOLT:PROT

This command sets the overvoltage protection (OVP) level of the HP SAS. If the output voltage exceeds the OVP level, then the HP SAS output is disabled and the Questionable Condition status register OV bit is set (see chapter 8 for more information). An overvoltage condition can be cleared with the OUTP:PROT:CLE command after the condition that caused the OVP trip is removed. The OVP always trips with zero delay and is unaffected by the OUTP:PROT:DEL command.

Command Syntax [SOURce]:VOLTage:PROTection[:LEVel] <NRf+>

Parameters Table 7-3

Default Suffix V

*RST Value MAX

Examples VOLT:PROT 21.5 VOLT:PROT:LEV MAX

VOLTAGE:PROTECTION:LEVEL 145E-1

Query Syntax [SOURce]:VOLTage:PROTection[:LEVel]?

[SOURce]:VOLTage:PROTection [:LEVel]? MIN [SOURce]:VOLTage:PROTection [:LEVel]? MAX

Returned Parameters <NR3> VOLT:PROT? returns presently programmed OVP level.

VOLT:PROT? MAX and VOLT:PROT? MIN return the

maximum and minimum programmable OVP levels.

Related Commands OUTP:PROT:CLE *RST *SAV *RCL

[SOUR:]VOLT:SAS:VOC

This command sets the open circuit voltage in Simulator mode. If you are programming a slave unit that is paralleled to a master unit, you must set the same Voc value to the master and the slave unit.

Command Syntax [SOURce]:VOLTage:SASimulator:VOC <NRf> Parameters 0 to 65V for HP E4350B 0 to 130V for HP E4351B *RST Value Vmax Examples VOLT:SAS:VOC 60 Query Syntax [SOURce]:VOLTage:SASimulator:VOC? Returned Parameters <NRI> Related Commands VOLT:SAS:VMP

[SOUR:]VOLT:SAS:VMP

This command sets the voltage at the peak power point in Simulator mode. If you are programming a slave unit that is paralleled to a master unit, you must set the same Vmp value to the master and the slave unit.

Command Syntax [SOURce]:VOLTage:SASimulator:VMP <NRf> Parameters ≤ VOC *RST Value 0.8 X 61.5V for HP E4350B

0.8 X 123V for HP E4351B Examples VOLT:SAS:VMP 50 Query Syntax [SOURce]:VOLTage:SASimulator:VMP? Returned Parameters <NRI> Related Commands VOLT:SAS:VOC

Language Dictionary 79

[SOUR:]VOLT:TABL:OFFS

This command adds a voltage offset when operating in table mode.

Command Syntax [SOURce]:VOLTage:TABLe:OFFSet <NRf> Parameter 0 to VMAX *RST Value 0 Examples VOLT:TABL:OFFSet 4 Query Syntax VOLT:TABL:OFFS? Returned Parameters <NRI>

Status Subsystem

This subsystem programs the HP SAS status registers. The HP SAS has three groups of status registers; Operation, Questionable, and Standard Event. The Standard Event group is programmed with Common commands as described in

"Chapter 4 - Status Reporting". The Operation and Questionable status groups each consist of the Condition, Enable, and Event registers and the NTR and PTR filters. See chapter 4 for more information about these registers.

Status Operation Registers

Bit Configuration of Operation Registers Bit Position 15-12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Bit Name NU NU CC NU CV NU NU WTG NU NU NU NU CAL Bit Weight 2048 1024 512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 CAL = Interface is computing new calibration constants; CC = The power module is in constant current mode. CV = The power module is in constant voltage mode; NU = (Not used); WTG = Interface is waiting for a trigger.

STAT:OPER? This query returns the value of the Operation Event register. The Event register is a read-only register which holds

(latches) all events that are passed by the Operation NTR and/or PTR filter. Reading the Operation Event register clears it.

Query Syntax STATus:OPERtion[:EVENt]? Parameters (None) Returned Parameters <NR1> (Register Value) Examples STAT:OPER? STATUS:OPERATIOBAL:EVENT? Related Commands *CLS STAT:OPER:NTR STAT:OPER:PTR

STAT:OPER:COND? This query returns the value of the Operation Condition register. That is a read-only register which holds the real-time

(unlatched) operational status of the HP SAS.

Query Syntax STATus:OPERation:CONDition? Parameters (None) Examples STAT:OPER:COND? STATUS:OPERATION:CONDITION? Returned Parameters <NR1> (Register value) Related Commands (None)

80 Language Dictionary

STAT:OPER:ENAB This command and its query set and read the value of the Operational Enable register. This register is a mask for

enabling specific bits from the Operation Event register to set the operation summary bit (OPER) of the Status Byte register. This bit (bit 7) is the logical OR of all the Operational Event register bits that are enabled by the Status Operation Enable register.

Command Syntax STATus:OPERation:ENABle <NRf> Parameters 0 to 32,767 Suffix (None) Default Value 0 Examples STAT:OPER:ENAB 1312 STAT:OPER:ENAB 1 Query Syntax STATus:OPERation:ENABle? Returned Parameters <NR1> (Register value) Related Commands STAT:OPER:EVEN

STAT:OPER NTR/PTR Commands These commands set or read the value of the Operation NTR (Negative-Transition) and PTR (Positive-Transition)

registers. These registers serve as polarity filters between the Operation Enable and Operation Event registers to cause the following actions: l When a bit in the Operation NTR register is set to 1, then a 1-to-0 transition of the corresponding bit in the

Operation Condition register causes that bit in the Operation Event register to be set.

l When a bit of the Operation PTR register is set to 1, then a 0-to-1 transition of the corresponding bit in the

Operation Condition register causes that bit in the Operation Event register to be set.

l If the same bits in both NTR and PTR registers are set to 1, then any transition of that bit at the Operation

Condition register sets the corresponding bit in the Operation Event register.

l If the same bits in both NTR and PTR registers are set to 0, then no transition of that bit at the Operation

Condition register can set the corresponding bit in the Operation Event register.

Note Setting a bit in the value of the PTR or NTR filter can of itself generate positive or negative events in the

corresponding Operation Event register.

Command Syntax STATus:OPERtion:NTRansition <NRf> STATus:OPERtion:PTRansition <NRf> Parameters 0 to 32767 Suffix (None) Default Value 0 Examples STAT:OPER:NTR 32 STAT:OPER:PTR 1312 Query Syntax STAT:OPER:NTR? STAT:OPER:PTR? Returned Parameters <NR1> (Register value) Related Commands STAT:OPER:ENAB

STAT:PRES This command sets all defined bits in the Status Subsystem PTR registers and clears all bits in the subsystem NTR and

Enable registers. STAT:OPER:PTR is set to 1313 and STAT:QUES:PTR is set to 1555.

Command Syntax STATus:PRESet Parameters (None) Examples STAT:PRES STATUS:PRESET Query Syntax (None) Related Commands (None)

Language Dictionary 81

Status Questionable Registers

Bit Configuration of Questionable Registers Bit Position 15-11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Condition NU UNR RI NU NU NU NU OT NU NU OC OV Bit Weight 1024 512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 NU = (Not used); OC = Overcurrent protection circuit (OCP) or hardware overcurrent level (OC) has tripped. OT = Overtemperature status condition exists; OV = Overvoltage protection circuit has tripped. RI = Remote inhibit is active; UNR = HP SAS output is unregulated. Note: See chapter 8 for more information about these registers.

STAT:QUES? This query returns the value of the Questionable Event register. The Event register is a read-only register which holds

(latches) all events that are passed by the Questionable NTR and/or PTR filter. Reading the Questionable Event register clears it.

Query Syntax STATus:QUEStionable[:EVENt]? Parameters (None) Returned Parameters <NR1> (Register Value) Examples STAT:QUES? STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:EVENT? Related Commands *CLS STAT:QUES:ENAB STAT:QUES:NTR STAT:QUES:PTR

STAT:QUES:COND? This query returns the value of the Questionable Condition register. That is a read-only register which holds the real-time

(unlatched) questionable status of the HP SAS.

Query Syntax STATus:QUEStionable:CONDition? Parameters (None) Examples STAT:QUES:COND? STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:CONDITION? Returned Parameters <NR1> (Register value) Related Commands (None)

STAT:QUES:ENAB This command and its query set and read the value of the Questionable Enable register. This register is a mask for

enabling specific bits from the Questionable Event register to set the questionable summary bit (QUES) of the Status Byte register. This bit (bit 3) is the logical OR of all the Questionable Event register bits that are enabled by the Questionable Status Enable register.

Command Syntax STATus:QUEStionable:ENABle <NRf> Parameters 0 to 32767 Suffix (None) Default Value 0 Examples STAT:QUES:ENAB 20 STAT:QUES:ENAB 16 Query Syntax STATus:QUEStionable:ENABle? Returned Parameters <NR1> (Register value) Related Commands STAT:QUES?

82 Language Dictionary

STAT:QUES NTR/PTR Commands These commands allow you to set or read the value of the Questionable NTR (Negative-Transition) and PTR (Positive-

Transition) registers. These registers serve as polarity filters between the Questionable Enable and Questionable Event registers to cause the following actions: l When a bit in the Questionable NTR register is set to 1, then a 1-to-0 transition of the corresponding bit in the

Questionable Condition register causes that bit in the Questionable Event register to be set.

l When a bit of the Questionable PTR register is set to 1, then a 0-to-1 transition of the corresponding bit in the

Questionable Condition register causes that bit in the Questionable Event register to be set.

l If the same bits in both NTR and PTR registers are set to 1, then any transition of that bit at the Questionable

Condition register sets the corresponding bit in the Questionable Event register.

l If the same bits in both NTR and PTR registers are set to 0, then no transition of that bit at the Questionable

Condition register can set the corresponding bit in the Questionable Event register.

Note Setting a bit in the value of the PTR or NTR filter can of itself generate positive or negative events in the

corresponding Questionable Event register.

Command Syntax STATus:QUEStionable:NTRansition <NRf> STATus:QUEStionable:PTRansition <NRf> Parameters 0 to 32767 Suffix (None) Default Value 0 Examples STAT:QUES:NTR 16 STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:PTR 512 Query Syntax STAT:QUES:NTR? STAT:QUES:PTR? Returned Parameters <NR1> (Register value) Related Commands STAT:QUES:ENAB

System Commands

System commands read back system errors and the SCPI version number.

SYST:ERR? This query returns the next error number followed by its corresponding error message string from the remote

programming error queue. The queue is a FIFO (first-in, first-out) buffer that stores errors as they occur. As it is read, each error is removed from the queue. When all errors have been read, the query returns 0, NO ERROR. If more errors are accumulated than the queue can hold, the last error in the queue will be -350, TOO MANY ERRORS (see appendix C for error codes).

You can use the HP SAS front panel key to read errors from the queue. Errors generated at the front panel are not put into the queue but appear immediately on the display.

Query Syntax SYSTem:ERRor? Parameters (None) Returned Parameters <NRI>,<SRD> Examples SYST:ERR? SYSTEM:ERROR? Related Commands (None)

Language Dictionary 83

SYST:VERS?

This query returns the SCPI version number to which the HP SAS complies. The returned value is of the form YYYY.V, where YYYY represents the year and V is the revision number for that year.

Query Syntax SYSTem:VERSion?

Parameters (none)

Returned Parameters <NR2>

Examples SYST:VERS? SYSTEM:VERSION?

Related Commands (None)

Trigger Subsystem

The commands in this subsystem only apply in Fixed mode. This subsystem controls the output triggering of the HP SAS. Trigger commands control the remote triggering of the HP SAS. Initiate commands initialize the trigger system.

ABOR This command cancels any trigger actions presently in process. Pending trigger levels are reset equal to their

corresponding immediate values. ABOR also resets the WTG bit in the Operation Condition Status register (see chapter 4). If INIT:CONT ON has been programmed, the trigger subsystem initiates itself immediately after ABORt, thereby setting WTG. ABOR is executed at power turn on and upon execution of *RCL or RST.

Command Syntax ABORt Parameters (None) Examples ABOR Related Commands INIT *RST *TRG TRIG

INIT

This command enables the trigger system. With triggering enabled, a BUS trigger causes the output to change to its triggered level. If triggering is not enabled, all triggers are ignored.

Command Syntax INITiate[:IMMediate] Parameters For INIT[:IMM] (None) Examples INIT INITIATE:IMMEDIATE Related Commands ABOR <GET> *RST TRIG *TRG

INIT:CONT

This command controls the output trigger system. The trigger system can be set as follows:

1 or ON 0 or OFF

Command Syntax INITiate:CONTinuous <bool> Parameters 0|1|OFF|ON *RST Value OFF Examples INIT:CONT 1 INITIATE:CONTINUOUS 1 Query Syntax INIT:CONT? Returned Parameters <NR1> 0|1 Related Commands ABOR <GET> *RST TRIG *TRG

continuously initiates the output trigger system. Eliminates the use of INIT for each trigger. turns off continuous triggering. In this state, the output trigger system must be initiated prior to each trigger using the INIT command.

84 Language Dictionary

TRIG

When the trigger subsystem is enabled, TRIG generates a trigger signal. The trigger will then:

1. Initiate a pending level change as specified by CURR[:LEV]:TRIG or VOLT[:LEV]:TRIG.

2. Clear the WTG bit in the Status Operation Condition register.

3. If INIT:CONT has been given, the trigger subsystem is immediately re-enabled for subsequent triggers. As soon as

it is cleared, the WTG bit is again set to 1.

Command Syntax TRIGger[:IMMediate]

Parameters (None)

Examples TRIG TRIGGER:IMMEDIATE

Related Commands ABOR CURR:TRIG INIT *TRG VOLT:TRIG

TRIG:SOUR

This command selects the trigger source. Since the HP SAS has no other trigger source than the HP-IB bus, this command need not be used. It is included in the command set to provide programming compatibility with other instruments (such as the HP Electronic Load family) that may have more than one trigger source.

Command Syntax TRIGer:SOURce <CRD>

Parameters BUS

*RST Value BUS

Examples TRIG:SOUR BUS TRIGGER:SOURCE BUS

Query Syntax TRIGger:SOURce?

Returned Parameters BUS

Related Commands *RST *TRG TRIG[:IMM]

Language Dictionary 85

Status Reporting

HP SAS Status Structure

Figure 8-1 shows the status register structure of the HP SAS. The Standard Event, Status Byte, and Service Request Enable registers and the Output Queue perform standard HP-IB functions as defined in the IEEE 488.2 Standard Digital Interface for Programmable Instrumentation. The Operation Status and Questionable Status registers implement status functions specific to the HP SAS. Table 8-2 and Figure 8-1 show the bit configuration of each status register.

Operation Status Group

The Operation Status registers record signals that occur during normal operation. The group consists of the following registers:

n A Condition register that holds real-time status of the circuits being monitored. It is a read-only register. n A PTR/NTR (positive transition/negative transition) Filter that functions as described under

STAT:OPER:NTR|PTR COMMANDS in chapter 7 - Language Dictionary. This is a read/write register.

n An Event register that latches any condition that is passed through the PTR or NTR filters. Reading the Event

n An Enable register that functions as described under STAT:OPER:ENAB in chapter 7 - Language Dictionary. This

is a read/write register.

The outputs of the Operation Status group are logically-ORed into the OPER(ation) summary bit (7) of the Status Byte register.

Register Commands Commands that access this group are derived from the STAT:OPER commands described in chapter 7 - Language

Dictionary and summarized in Table 8-1.

Table 8-1. Status Operation Commands Register Command Query Cleared By Condition (None)

PTR Filter NTR Filter Event (None) Enable

STAT:OPER:PTR <NRf> STAT:OPER:NTR <NRf>

STAT:OPER:ENAB <NRf>

STAT:OPER:COND? STAT:OPER:PTR? STAT:OPER:NTR? STAT:OPER:EVEN? Reading or *CLS STAT:OPER:ENAB?

Cannot be cleared Programming 0 Programming 0 or

STAT:PRES

Programming 0

Status Reporting 87

Table 8-2. Bit Configurations of Status Registers

Bit Signal Meaning Bit Signal Meaning 0 CAL The interface is computing new 5 WTG The interface is waiting for a trigger. 2 QYE Query error.

8 CV The power module is in constant 10 CC The power module is in constant 4 EXE Execution error.

current mode. 5 CME Command error. 7 PON Power on.

0 OV The power module overvoltage 1 OC The power module overcurrent 4 OT The power module has an 9 RI The power module remote inhibit 10 UNR The power module output is

Operation Status Group

0 OPC Operation complete.

calibration constants.

3 DDE Device-dependent error.

voltage mode.

Questionable Status Group

3 QUES Questionable status summary bit.

protection circuit has tripped.

4 MAV Message Available summary bit.

protection circuit has tripped.

5 ESB Event Status summary bit.

overtemperature condition.

6 MSS

state is active.

7 OPER Operation status summary bit.

unregulated.

RQS

Standard Event Status Group

Status Byte and Service Request

Enable Registers

Master Status summary bit. Request Service bit.

88 Status Reporting

Figure 8-1. HP SAS Status Model

Questionable Status Group Register Functions

The Questionable Status registers record signals that indicate abnormal operation of the HP SAS. As shown in Figure 8-

1, the group consists of the same type of registers as the Status Operation group. The outputs of the Questionable Status group are logically-ORed into the QUES(tionable) summary bit (3) of the Status Byte register.

Register Commands Programming for this group is derived from the STAT:QUES commands described in chapter 7 - Language Dictionary

and summarized in Table 8-3.

Table 8-3. Status :Questionable Commands

Standard Event Status Group Register Functions

This group consists of an Event register and an Enable register that are programmed by common commands. The

Standard Event Status Event register latches events relating to interface communication status (see Figure 8-1). It is a read-only register that is cleared when read.

Read query *ESR? Cleared by *CLS *ESR?

The Standard Event Status Enable register functions similarly to the enable registers of the Operation and Questionable

status groups. The outputs of the Standard Event Status Group are logically-ORed into the RSB summary bit (5) of the Status Byte register.

Register Commands The common *ESE command programs specific bits in the Standard Event Status Enable register. Because the HP SAS

implements *PSC, the register is cleared at power on if *PSC = 1. *ESR? reads the Standard Event Status Event register and reading the register clears it.

Programmed by *ESE <NRf> Read query *ESE? Cleared by *ESE 0

STATUS BYTE REGISTER This register summarizes the information from all other status groups as defined in the "IEEE 488.2 Standard Digital

Interface for Programmable Instrumentation" standard. The bit configuration is shown in Figure 8-1 and Table 8-2. The register can be read either by a serial poll or by *STB?. Both methods return the same data, except for bit 6. Sending *STB? returns MSS in bit 6, while polling the register returns RQS in bit 6.

STAT:QUES:PTR <NRf> STAT:QUES:PTR? STAT:QUES:NTR <NRf> STAT:QUES:NTR? Programming 0 or STAT:PRES

STAT:QUES:ENAB <NRf> STAT:QUES:ENAB?

STAT:QUES:COND?

STAT:QUES:EVEN? Reading or *CLS

Cannot be cleared Programming 0

Programming 0

Status Reporting 89

The RQS Bit Whenever the HP SAS requests service, it sets the SRQ interrupt line true and latches RQS into bit 6 of the Status Byte

register. When the controller services the interrupt, RQS is cleared inside the register and returned in bit position 6 of the response. The remaining bits of the Status Byte register are not disturbed.

The MSS Bit This is a real-time (unlatched) summary of all Status Byte register bits that are enabled by the Service Request Enable

register. MSS is set whenever the HP SAS has at least one reason (and possibly more) for requesting service. Sending *STB? reads the MSS in bit position 6 of the response. No bits of the Status Byte register are cleared by reading it.

Determining the Cause of a Service Interrupt You can determine the reason for an SRQ by the following actions:

n Use a serial poll or the *STB? query to determine which summary bits are active. n Read the corresponding Event register for each summary bit to determine which events caused the summary bit to be

set. When an Event register is read, it is cleared. This also clears the corresponding summary bit.

n The interrupt will recur until the specific condition that caused each event is removed. If this is not possible, the

event may be disabled by programming the corresponding bit of the status group Enable register or NTR|PTR filter. A faster way to prevent the interrupt is to disable the service request by programming the appropriate bit of the Service Request Enable register.

Service Request Enable Register

This register is a mask that determines which bits from the Status Byte register will be ORed to generate a service request (SRQ). The register is programmed with the *SRE common command. When the register is cleared, no service requests can be generated to the controller.

Output Queue

The Output Queue is a first-in, first-out (FIFO) data register that stores HP SAS-to-controller messages until the controller reads them. Whenever the queue holds one or more bytes, it sets the MAV bit (4) of the Status Byte register. If too many unread error messages are accumulated in the queue, a system error message is generated (see appendix D). The Output Queue is cleared at power on and by *CLS.

Initial Conditions At Power On

Status Registers

When the HP SAS is turned on, a sequence of commands initializes the status registers. For the factory-default *RST power-on state, Table 8-4 shows the register states and corresponding power-on commands.

Table 8-4. Default Power On Register States

Operation PTR; Questionable PTR All bits = 1 Operation NTR; Questionable NTR All bits = 0 Operation Event; Questionable Event All bits = 0 Operation Enable; Questionable Enable All bits = 0 Standard Event Status Enable All bits = 0 Status Byte All bits = 0 Status Request Enable All bits = 0 Output Queue Cleared

If PSC=1. If PSC = 0, the last previous state before turn on is recalled. The value of PSC is stored in nonvolatile memory.

STAT:PRE STAT:PRE *CLS STAT:PRE *ESE 0 *CLS *SRE 0 *CLS

90 Status Reporting

The PON (Power-On) Bit

The PON bit in the Standard Event register is set whenever the HP SAS is turned on. The most common use for PON is to generate an SRQ at power on following an unexpected loss of power. To do this, bit 7 of the Standard Event Enable register must be set so that a power-on event registers in the ESB (Standard Event Summary Bit). Also, bit 5 of the Service Request Enable register must be set to permit an SRQ to be generated. The commands to accomplish these two conditions are:

*ESE 128 *SRE 32

If *PSC is programmed to 0, the contents of the Standard Event Enable and Service Request Enable registers are saved in nonvolatile memory and recalled at power on. This allows a PON event to generate SRQ at power on. Programming *PSC to 1 prevents these registers from being saved and they are cleared at power on. This prevents a PON event from generating SRQ at power on.

Examples

Note These examples are generic SCPI commands. See chapter 6 - Remote Programming for information

about encoding the commands as language strings.

Servicing an Operation Status Mode Event

This example assumes you want a service request generated whenever the HP SAS switches to the CC (constant current) mode. From Figure 8-1, note that the required path is for a condition at bit 10 (CC) of the Operation Status register to set bit 6 (RQS) of the Status Byte register. The required register programming is shown in Table 8-5.

Table 8-5. Generating RQS from the CC Event

Operation PTR

Operation Enable

Service Request Enable

Operation Condition

All bits of the PTR registers bits are set to 1 at power on or in response to STAT:PRES.

STAT:OPER:PTR 1024

STAT:OPER:ENAB 1024

*SRE 128

STAT:OPER:EVEN?

Allows a positive transition at the CC input (bit 10) to be latched into the Operation Status Event register.

Allows the latched CC event to be summed into the OPER summary bit.

Enables the OPER summary bit from the Status Byte register to generate RQS.

When you service the request, read the event register to determine that bit 10 (CC) is set and to clear the register for the next event.

Adding More Operation Events

To add the CV (constant voltage) event to this example, it is only necessary to add the decimal values for bit 8 (value 256) to the programming commands of the Operation Status group. The commands to do this are:

STAT:OPER:PTR 1280;ENAB 1280

It is not necessary to change any other registers, since the programming for the operation summary bit (OPER) path has already been done.

Servicing Questionable Status Events

To add OC (overcurrent) and OT (overtemperature) events to this example, program Questionable Status group bits 1 and 4.

STAT:QUES:PTR 18;ENAB 18

Next, you must program the Service Request Enable register to recognize both the questionable (QUES) and the operational (OPER) summary bits.

Status Reporting 91

*SRE 136

Now when there is a service request, read back both the operational and the questionable event registers.

STAT:OPER:EVEN?;QUES:EVEN?

Monitoring Both Phases of a Status Transition

You can monitor a status signal for both its positive and negative transitions. For example, to generate RQS when the HP SAS either enters the CC (constant current) condition or leaves that condition, program the Operational Status PTR/NTR filter as follows:

STAT:OPER:PTR 1024;NTR 1024 STAT:OPER:ENAB 1024;*SRE 128

The PTR filter will cause the OPER summary bit to set RQS when CC occurs. When the controller subsequently reads the event register (STAT: OPER: EVEN?), the register is cleared. When CC subsequently goes false, the NTR filter causes the OPER summary bit to again set RQS.

SCPI Command Completion

SCPI commands sent to the HP SAS are processed either sequentially or in parallel. Sequential commands finish execution before a subsequent command begins. Parallel commands allow other commands to begin executing while the parallel command is still executing. Commands that affect trigger actions are among the parallel commands.

The *WAI, *OPC, and *OPC? common commands provide different ways of indicating when all transmitted commands, including any parallel ones, have completed their operations. The syntax and parameters for these commands are described in chapter 7. Some practical considerations for using these commands are as follows:

*WAI

*OPC?

*OPC

This prevents the HP SAS from processing subsequent commands until all pending operations are completed.

This places a 1 in the Output Queue when all pending operations have completed. Because it requires your program to read the returned value before executing the next program statement, *OPC? can be used to cause the controller to wait for commands to complete before proceeding with its program.

This sets the OPC status bit when all pending operations have completed. Since your program can read this status bit on an interrupt basis, *OPC allows subsequent commands to be executed.

Note The trigger subsystem must be in the Idle state in order for the status OPC bit to be true. Therefore, as

far as triggers are concerned, OPC is false whenever the trigger subsystem is in the Initiated state.

DFI (Discrete Fault Indicator)

Whenever a fault is detected in the HP SAS, it is capable of generating a FLT signal at the digital port (see appendix C Digital Port Functions). The source for the DFI signal can be any Questionable, Operation, or Standard Event status event (see Figure 8-1).

92 Status Reporting

RI (Remote Inhibit)

Whenever a remote inhibit signal is received at the digital port (see appendix C - Digital Port Functions), the HP SAS will receive an RI event at the Questionable Status register. By programming the status subsystem, you may use RI to generate a service request (SRQ) to the controller and/or to create a DFI output at the digital port. By using RI/DFI in this way, you can chain the power supplies to create a serial shutdown in response to the INH input.

To enable the OV, OC, OT, and the RI conditions to generate an FLT signal, program the Questionable Status register as follows:

STAT:QUES:ENAB 531

Using Device Clear

You can send a device clear at any time to abort a SCPI command that may be hanging up the HP-IB interface. The status registers, the error queue, and all configuration states are left unchanged when a device clear message is received. Device clear performs the following actions:

n The input and output buffers of the dc source are cleared. n The dc source is prepared to accept a new command string.

The following statement shows how to send a device clear over the HP-IB interface using HP BASIC:

CLEAR 705 IEEE-488 Device Clear

The following statement shows how to send a device clear over the HP-IB interface using the HP-IB command library for C or QuickBASIC:

IOCLEAR (705)

Status Reporting 93

Specifications and Application Information

Specifications and Supplemental Characteristics

Performance specifications are warranted over a temperature range of 0 to 40°C unless specified otherwise. Unless otherwise noted, specifications apply to Fixed, Simulator, and Table modes. Supplemental Characteristics are not warranted but are descriptions of performance determined either by design or type testing.

Table A-1. Performance Specifications for HP E4350B/E4351B SAS

Parameter HP E4350B HP E4351B

Simulator/Table Mode Output Ratings

Maximum Power: 480 W 480 W

Maximum Open Circuit Voltage: 65 V 130 V

Maximum Short Circuit Current: 8 A 4 A

Minimum Impedance (∆V/∆I)

Fixed Mode Output Ratings

Voltage: 0 - 60 V 0 - 120 V

Current: 0 - 8 A 0 - 4 A

Current Derating Factor

(from 40°C to 55°C)

Output Voltage Ripple & Noise

(from 20 Hz to 20 MHz with a resistive load, outputs ungrounded, or either output grounded)

Simulator/Table mode: 16 mV rms

Fixed mode (constant voltage): 12 mV rms

Output Current Ripple & Noise

(from 20 Hz to 20 MHz with a resistive load, outputs ungrounded, or either output grounded)

Simulator/Table mode: 4 mA rms

Fixed mode (constant current): 2.4 mA rms

Programming Accuracy

(@ 22°C ±5°C)

2,3

Fixed ModeVoltage: 0.075% +10mV 0.075% +20 mV

Current: 0.2% +20 mA 0.2% +10 mA

Readback Accuracy

(from front panel or over HP-IB with respect to actual output @ 22 ±5 °C)

Voltage: 0.08% +42mV 0.08% +84mV

+Current: 0.20% +28mA 0.20% +14mA

−Current:

Fixed Mode Load Regulation

(change in output voltage or current for any load change within ratings)

Constant voltage: 2 mV 2 mV

Constant current: 1 mA 1 mA

Fixed Mode Line Regulation

(change in output voltage or current for any line voltage change within ratings)

There is no maximum impedance restriction. Therefore, Imp can be less than or equal to Isc.

In Simulator mode, the output current is related to the readback output voltage by an internal algorithm. In Table mode, the output

current is related to the readback output voltage by interpolation between points that are entered by the user.

The unit may go out of specification when subjected to RF fields of 3 volts/meter in the frequency range of 26 Mhz to 1 GHz.

Constant voltage: 2 mV 2 mV

Constant current: 1 mA 1 mA

0.25Ω 1Ω

0.1 A/°C 0.05 A/°C

24 mV rms

125 mV p-p

195 mV p-p

12 mV rms

95 mV p-p

4 mA rms

32 mA p-p

2.4 mA rms

18 mA p-p

0.35% +48mA 0.35% +24mA

Specifications and Application Information 95

Table A-2. Supplemental Characteristics for HP E4350B/E4351B SAS

Parameter HP E4350B HP E4351B

Output Programming Range

(maximum programmable values)

Programming Resolution

(average values)

Programming Accuracy

Fixed Mode Analog Current Programming

Output Current Settling Time

(output recovery to within 1.5 A of an operating point on the I-V curve (V < 90% of VMP) after switching from a short circit to a fixed load)

Drift/Temperature Stability

(change in output over 8 hours under constant load, line, and ambient, following a 30-minute warmup)

Temperature Coefficients

(output change per °C)

Output Capacitance

Maximum Capacitive Load

(for stable operation)

Modulation Accuracy

(for peak power tracker application)

Simulator/Table Voltage 0 - 65 V 0 - 130 V

Fixed mode Voltage: 0 - 61.5 V 0 - 123 V

Current: 0 - 8.16 A 0 - 4.08 A

Overvoltage Protection: 0 - 73 V 0 - 140 V

Overcurrent Limit: 0 - 10 A 0 - 5 A

Voltage: 18 mV 36 mV

Current: 2.5 mA 1.25 mA

Overvoltage Protection: 325 mV 600 mV

Overcurrent Limit: 45 mA 23 mA

Overvoltage Protection: 0.65 V 1.2 V

Overcurrent Limit: 0.5% +200 mA 0.5% +100 mA

Current Monitor:

2.5% +120mA 1.5% +60mA

(referenced to P common)

Analog Programming: 2.5% +5mA 1.5% +2.5mA

+Ip to −Ip Differential Input:

0 to −4 V 0 to −4 V

(0 to full scale)

Max. common mode voltage:

±18 V ±18 V

(referenced to +OUT)

Nominal Input Impedance:

20 kΩ 20 kΩ

< 5 µs < 5 µs

Voltage: 0.04% +1 mV 0.04% +2 mV

Current: 0.1% +0.8 mA 0.1% +0.4 mA

Voltage:

Current:

0.01% +250 µV 0.01% +500 µV

0.025% +200 µA

0.025% +100

< 100 nF < 50 nF

Simulator/Table mode: No Restriction No Restriction

Fixed mode:

2000 µF 2000 µF

see figure A-1 see figure A-1

µA

96 Specifications and Application Information

Table A-2. Supplemental Characteristics for HP E4350B/E4351B SAS (continued)

Parameter Both Models

AC Line Voltage Ratings

(selectable via internal switching

- see Appendix B)

100, 120, 220, 240 Vac: -13%, +6 %

230 Vac1:

-10%, +10%

Frequency Range: 47-63 Hz

Maximum Input Power

1380 VA; 1100 W

(120 W with no load)

Maximum AC Line Current Ratings

in 100 Vac range: 12 A rms (15 A fuse) in 120 Vac range: 10 A rms (12 A fuse) in 220 Vac range: 5.7 A rms (7 A fuse) in 230 Vac range: 5.3 A rms (7 A fuse) in 240 Vac range: 5.3 A rms (7 A fuse)

Output Terminal Isolation

(maximum, from chassis ground)

±240 Vdc

Maximum Reverse Diode Current

(with fan running) a continuous reverse diode current equal

to the output current rating of the unit

Load Lead Drop with Remote Sensing

Simulator/Table mode: up to 2 volts + (Voc - Vmp)

Fixed mode: up to 2 volts total

Current Sinking Capability

Simulator/Table mode: 350 mA

Fixed mode: 420 mA

Command Processing Time

(Average time for output voltage to change after receipt of digital data when the unit is connected directly to the HP-IB Bus)

20 ms

Voltage Programming Rise/Fall Time

(time for output to change from 90% to 10% or 10% to 90% of its total excursion)

< 8 ms

Voltage Programming Settling Time

(time for output change to settle within 0.1% of the rating of the unit; either 60mV or 120 mV)

< 25 ms

Monotonicity

Output is monotonic over entire rated

voltage, current, temperature range

Auto-Parallel Configuration

Up to three identical models

Non-volatile Savable States

Memory Locations: 5 (0 through 4)

Memory Write Cycles: 40,000 typical

Prestored state location 0

Unit wiring for 230 Vac ± 10% is identical to 240 Vac -13% + 6%.

Specifications and Application Information 97

Table A-2. Supplemental Characteristics for HP E4350B/E4351B SAS (continued)

INH/FLT Characteristics

Maximum ratings:

16.5 Vdc between terminals 1 & 2; 3 & 4; and from 1 or 2 to chassis ground

FLT Terminals (1 & 2):

Low-level output current = 1.25 mA max.

Low-level output voltage = 0.5 V max.

INH Terminals (3 & 4):

Low-level input voltage = 0.8 V max.

High-level input voltage = 2 V min.

Low-level input current = 1 mA

Pulse width = 100 µs min. Time delay = 4 ms typical

Digital I/O Characteristics

Maximum ratings:

Digital OUT Port 0,1,2

(open collector)

same as INH/FLT Characteristics

Output leakage @ 16V = 0.1 mA (ports 0,1)

= 12.5 mA (port 2)

Output leakage @ 5V = 0.1 mA (ports 0,1)

= 0.25 mA (port 2)

Low-level output sink current @ 0.5 V = 4 mA

Low-level output sink current @ 1 V = 50 mA

Digital IN Port 2: (internal

pull-up)

Low-level input current @ 0.4 V = 1.25 mA

High-level input current @ 5 V = 0.25 mA

Low-level input voltage = 0.8 V max.

High level input voltage = 2.0 V min.

HP-IB Interface Capabilities

Languages:

Interface:

AH1, C0, DC1, DT1, E1, LE4, PP0, RL1, SH1,SR1,

SCPI

TE6

Serial Link Capabilities

(multiple supplies sharing one HP-IB primary address)

Max number of units:

Max number of linked

units:

16 15

30 m (100 ft)

Max total chain length:

Calibration Interval

(recommended) 1 year

(from date the unit is put into service)

Regulatory Compliance

Listing pending:

Certified to:

Conforms to:

Complies with:

UL 3111-1

CSA 22.2 No. 1010.1

IEC 1010-1

EMC directive 89/336

EEC (ISM Group1 Class B)

Dimensions

(see figure 3-1) Height:

Width:

Depth (with safety cover):

132.6 mm (5.22 in.)

425.5 mm (16.75 in.)

497.8 mm (19.6 in.)

Weight

Net 25 kg (54 lbs.)

Shipping 28 kg (61 lbs.)

98 Specifications and Application Information

Output Impedance Graphs

Test Point #1

Test Point #2

Test Point #3

5040302010

10 0-10

-20

-30

5.00

Simulator Mode

The following six output impedance graphs were generated at three points on both HP SAS models while operating in simulator mode with the reference settings indicated below. The reference curve shows the location of the three sample points on which the output impedance graphs are based.

HP E4350B

Voc Vmp Imp Isc Pmp

65V 60V

7.5A 8A 450W

HP E4350B Test Point #1

Voltage: 64.4 V Current: 1 A dc Resistance: 0.62 Ω

HP E4351B

130V 120V

3.75A 4A 450W

Impedance

in ohms

1.125

1.000

0.875

0.750

0.625

0.500

Iout

Reference Curve

8/4

6/3

4/2

2/1

10/

20/

30/

Vout

40/

50/

60/ 120

65/ 130

100

Phase in degrees

HP E4350B Test Point #2

Voltage: 60 V Current: 7.5 A dc Resistance: 4.3 Ω

Impedance

in ohms

Frequency in Hertz

Phase in degrees

6.25

3.75

2.50

1.25

Frequency in Hertz

Specifications and Application Information 99

HP E4350B

-135

-180

320

5040302010

3.0

2.5

-30

Test Point #3

Voltage: 40.75 V Current: 7.9 A dc Resistance: 200 Ω

HP E4351B Test Point #1

Voltage: 128.8 V Current: 0.5 A dc Resistance: 2.48 Ω

Impedance

in ohms

Impedance

in ohms

160 80 40

5.0

4.5

4.0

3.5

Frequency in Hertz

-45

-90

Phase in degrees

HP E4351B Test Point #2

Voltage: 120 V Current: 3.75 A dc Resistance: 17.2 Ω

Impedance

in ohms

15 10 5

Frequency in Hertz

-10

-20

Phase in degrees

100 Specifications and Application Information

Agilent E4351B Operations Guide

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

CERTIFICATION

SAFETY SUMMARY

DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

Table Of Contents

General Information

Safety Considerations

Options and Accessories

Operator Replaceable Parts

Description

Key Features

Output Characteristic

Installation

Inspection

Location and Temperature

AC Line Connection

Turn-On Checkout

Introduction

Preliminary Checkout

Power-On Checkout

Using The Keypad

Checking The Save And Recall Functions

In Case Of Trouble

User Connections

Rear Panel Connections

Load Connections

Sense Connections

Over Current Protection Considerations

Operating Configurations

Controller Connections

Front Panel Operation

Introduction

Key Functions

CV Mode VS. CC Mode

Unregulated Operation

Turn-On Conditions

Setting The HP-IB Address

Remote Programming

Introduction To SCPI

Types of SCPI Commands

Types of SCPI Messages

SCPI Data Formats All data programmed to or returned from the unit is ASCII. The data may be numerical or character string. Numerical Data

Examples

System Considerations The remainder of this chapter addresses some system issues concerning programming. These are addressing and the use

Language Dictionary

Introduction

Description Of Common Commands

Description Of Subsystem Commands

Calibration Commands See appendix B.

Display Subsystem This subsystem controls the state and output of the alphanumeric portion of the display. DISP Enables or disables the display. When disabled, the display characters are blank. The annunciators are not affected by

Measure Subsystem Measurement commands measure the output voltage and current.

Memory Subsystem This subsystem manages the instrument’s data table memory.

Output Subsystem Output commands control the HP SAS's voltage and current outputs and an optional output relay.

Status Subsystem

System Commands

Trigger Subsystem

Status Reporting

HP SAS Status Structure

Operation Status Group

Questionable Status Group Register Functions

Standard Event Status Group Register Functions

STATUS BYTE REGISTER This register summarizes the information from all other status groups as defined in the "IEEE 488.2 Standard Digital

Service Request Enable Register

Output Queue

Examples

SCPI Command Completion

DFI (Discrete Fault Indicator)

RI (Remote Inhibit)

Using Device Clear

Specifications and Application Information

Specifications and Supplemental Characteristics

Output Impedance Graphs