Agilent E3632A Specifications Sheet

Service Guide
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Convenient bench-top features
• Dual range
• Easy-to-use knob control settings
• Highly visible vacuum-fluorescent display meters
• Hghl accuracy and high resolution
• Remote voltage sensing
• Overvoltage and overcurrent protection
• Output on/off
• Excellent load and line regulation and low ripple and noise
• Operating states storage
• Portable, ruggedized case with non-skid feet
Flexible system features
• GPIB (IEEE-488) and RS-232 interfaces are standard
• SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments) compatibility
• I/O setup easily done from front-panel
• Software calibration, no internal adjustments required
Agilent E3632A DC Power Supply

The Front Panel at a Glance

1 15V/7A range selection key 2 30V/4A range selection key 3 Overvoltage protection key 4 Overcurrent protection key 5 Display limit key 6 Recall operating state key 7 Store operating state/Local key
2
8 Error/Calibrate key 9 I/O Configuration/Secure key
10 Output On/Off key 11 Control knob 12 Resolution selection keys 13 Voltage/current adjust selection key
1 15V/7A range selection key Selects the 15V/7A range and allows the full rated output
to 15V7A.
2 30V/4A range selection key Selects the 30V/4A range and allows the full rated output
to 30V/4A.
3 Overvoltage protection key Enables or disables the overvoltage protection function,
sets trip voltage level, and clears the overvoltage condition.
4 Overcurrent protection key Enables or disables the overcurrent protection function,
sets trip current level, and clears the overcurrent condition.
5 Display limit key Shows voltage and current limit values on the display and allows
knob adjustment for setting limit values.
6 Recall operating state key Reca l ls a p revio usly stored operati ng st ate fr om lo cation
"1", "2", or "3".
1
7 Store operating state / Local key
Stores an operating state in location "1", "2", or
"3" / or returns the power supply to local mode from remote interface mode.
2
8 Error / Calibrate key
Displays error codes generated during operations, self-test and calibration / or enables calibration mode (the power supply must be unsecured before performing calibration).
3
9 I/O Configuration / Secure key
Configures the power supply for remote interfaces
/ or secure or unsecure the power supply for calibration.
10 Output On/Off key Enables or disables the power supply outputs. This key toggles
between on and off.
11 Control knob Increases or decreases the value of the blinking digit by turning
clockwise or counter clockwise.
12 Resolution selection keys Move the blinking digit to the right or left.
13 Voltage/current adjust selection key Selects the knob control function for voltage
or current adjustment.
1
The key can be used as the "Local" key when the power supply is in the remote
interface mode.
2
You can enable the "calibration mode" by holding down this key when you turn on
the power supply.
3
You can use it as the "Secure" or "Unsecure" key when the power supply is in the
calibration mode.
3

Front-Panel Voltage and Current Limit Settings

You can set the voltage and current limit values from the front panel using the following method.
Use the voltage/current adjust selection key, the resolution selection keys, and the control knob to change the voltage and current limit value.
1 Select the desired range using the range selection keys after turning on the power
supply.
2 Press the key to show the limit values on the display.
3 Move the
and change the blinking digit value to the desired vltage limit by turning the control knob. If the display limit times out, press the key again.
4 Set the knob to current control mode using the voltage/current adjust selection key.
5 Move the blinking digit to the appropriate position using the resolution selection keys
and change the blinking digit value to the desired current limit by turning the control knob.
6 Press the key to enable the output. After about 5 seconds, the
display will go to the output monitor mode automatically to display the voltage and current at the output or the display will go to the monitor mode immediately by pressing the
Display Limit
blinking digit to the appropriate position using the resolution selection keys
Display Limit
Output On/Off
Output On/Off
key again.
Note
All front panel keys and controls can be disabled with remote interface commands. The Agilent E3632A must be in "Local" mode for the front panel keys and controls to function.
4

Display Annunciators

Adrs Power supply is addressed to listen or talk over a remote interface. Rmt Power supply is in remote interface mode. 15V Shows the 15V/7A range is selected. 30V Shows the 30V/4A range is selected. OVP The overvoltage protection function is enabled when the annunciator
turns on or the overvoltage protection circuit has caused the power supply to shutdown when the annunciator blinks.
OCP The overcurrent protection function is enabled when the annunciator
turns on or the overcurrent protection circuit has caused the power supply to shutdown when the annunciator blinks.
CAL The power supply is in calibration mode. Limit The display shows the limit values of voltage and current. ERROR Hardware or remote interf ace command errors are detected a nd the error
OFF The output of the power supply is disabled (See
Unreg The output of the power supply is unregulated (output is neither CV
CV The power supply is in constant voltage mode. CC The power supply is in constant current mode.
bit has not been cleared.
information
nor CC).
).
page 52 for more
To review the display annunciators, hold down key as you
Display Limit
turn on the power supply.
5

The Rear Panel at a Glance

1 Power-line voltage setting 2 Power-line fuse-holder assembly 3 AC inlet
Use the front-panel key to:
• Select the GPIB or RS-232 interface (see chapter 3).
• Set the GPIB bus address (see chapter 3).
• Set the RS-232 baud rate and parity (see chapter 3).
I/O Config
4 Power-line module 5 GPIB (IEEE-488) interface connector 6 RS-232 interface connector
6

In This Book

Specifications Chapter 1 lists the power supply’s specifications and describes how to interpret these specifications.
Quick Start
familiar with the front-panel features.
Calibration Procedures Chapter 3 provides performance verification and calibration procedures.
Theory of Operation Chapter 4 describes block and circuit level theory related to the operation of the power supply.
Service Chapter 5 provides guidelines for returning your power supply to Agilent Technologies for servicing, or for servicing it yourself.
Replaceable Parts Chapter 6 contains a detailed parts list of the power supply.
Backdating Chapter 7 describes the difference between this manual and older issues of this manual.
Schematics Chapter 8 contains the power supply's schematics, disassembly drawings, and component locator drawings.
If you have questions relating to the operation of the power supply, call 1-800-452-4844 in the United States, or contact your nearest Agilent Technologies Sales Office.
If your Agilent E3632A fails within three years of purchase, Agilent will repair or replace it free of charge. Call 1-800-258-5165 ("Express Exchange") in the United States, or contact your nearest Agilent Technologies Sales Office.
Chapter 2 prepares the power supply for use and helps you get
7
8

Contents

Chapter 1 Specifications
Performance Specifications 15 Supplemental Characteristics 17
Chapter 2 Quick Start
To Prepare the Power Supply for Use 23 To Check the Rated Voltages of the Power Supply 25 To Check the Rated Currents of the Power Supply 26 To Use the Power Supply in Constant Voltage Mode 28 To Use the Power Supply in Constant Current Mode 30 To Store and Recall the Instrument State 32 To Program Overvoltage Protection 34
Setting the OVP Level and Enable the OVP Circuit 34 Checking OVP Operation 35 Clearing the Overvoltage Condition 35
To Program Overcurrent Protection 37
Setting the OCP Level and Enable the OCP Circuit 37 Checking OCP Operation 38 Clearing the Overcurrent Condition 38
To Rack Mount the Power Supply 39
Contents
Chapter 3 Calibration Procedures
Agilent Technologies Calibration Services 43 Calibration Interval 43 Automating Calibration Procedures 44 Recommended Test Equipment 44 Test Considerations 45 Performance Verification Tests 46
Self-Test 46 Performance Verification Tests 46
Measurement Techniques 47
Setup for Most Tests 47 Electronic Load 48 Current-Monitoring Resistor 48 Programming 48
9
Contents
Contents
Chapter 3 Calibration Procedures (continued)
Constant Voltage (CV) Verifications 49
Constant Voltage Test Setup 49 Voltage Programming and Readback Accuracy 49 CV Load Regulation 50 CV Line Regulation 50 Normal Mode Voltage Noise (CV Ripple and Noise) 51 Load Transient Response Time 52
Constant Current (CC) Verifications 53
Constant Current Test Setup 53 Current Programming and Readback Accuracy 53 CC Load Regulation 54 CC Line Regulation 55 Normal Mode Current Noise (CC Ripple and Noise) 55 Common Mode Current Noise 56
Performance Test Record for Agilent Technologies E3632A 57
CV Performance Test Record 57 CC Performance Test Record 57
Calibration Security Code 58
To Unsecure the Power Supply for Calibration 59
To Unsecure the Power Supply Without the Security Code 60 Calibration Count 61 Calibration Message 61 General Calibration/Adjustment Procedure 62
Voltage and OVP Calibration 63
Current and OCP Calibration 65 Aborting a Calibration in Progress 68 Calibration Record for Agilent Technologies E3632A 69 Error Messages 70 Calibration Program 72
10
Chapter 4 Theory of Operation
Block Diagram Overview 79 AC Input and Bias Supplies 81 Floating Logic 82 D-to-A Converter 84 A-to-D Converter 85 Power Mesh and Control 86 Earth-Referenced Logic 88 Front Panel 88
Contents
Chapter 5 Service
Operating Checklist 91 Types of Service Available 92 Repacking for Shipment 93 Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Precautions 94 Surface Mount Repair 94 To Replace the Power-Line Fuse 94 To Disconnect the Output Using an External Relay 95 Troubleshooting Hints 96 Self-Test Procedures 98
Chapter 6 Replaceable Parts
Replaceable Parts 102
To Order Replaceable Parts 102
Backdating and Part Changes 102 E3632-60002 Main PC Assembly 103 E3632-60004 Front-Panel Display PC Assembly 111 E3632-60005 Front Frame Assembly 112 E3632A Power Supply Assembly 112 Manufacturer’s List 113
Contents
Chapter 7 Backdating
Chapter 8
Mechanical Disassembly 103 Component Locator 120 Power Circuit and Protection Circuit Schematic 121 Bias Supply Schematic 122 ADC and DAC System Schematic 123 Floating Logic Schematic 124 Earth-Referenced Logic Schematic 125 Display and Keyboard Schematic 126
11
Contents
Contents
12
1
1
Specifications

Specifications

The
performance
are warranted in the temperature range of 0 to 40°C with a resistive load.
Supplemental
performance determined either by design or testing. Chapter 3 "Calibration Procedures" contains procedures for verifying the performance specifications.
specifications are listed in the following pages. Specifications
characteristics, which are not warranted but are descriptions of
14
Chapter 1 Specifications

Performance Specifications

Performance Specifications
Output Ratings (@ 0°C - 40°C)
Low range 0 to +15 V/0 to 7 A High range 0 to +30 V/0 to 4 A
[1]
Programming Accuracy
Voltage 0.05% + 10 mV Current 0.2% + 10 mA
12 months (@ 25°C ± 5°C), ±(% of output + offset)
1
Readback Accuracy
to actual output @ 25°C ± 5°C), ±(% of output + offset)
Voltage 0.05% + 5 mV Current 0.15 % + 5 mA
Ripple and Noise (with outputs ungrounded, or with either output terminal grounded, 20 Hz to 20 MHz)
Normal mode voltage <0.35 mV rms and 2 mV p-p Current <2 mA rms Common mode current <1.5 mA rms
Load Regulation, ±(% of output + offset)
Change in output voltage or current for any load change within ratings with remote sensing connected.
Voltage <0.01% + 2 mV Current <0.01% + 250 mA
Line Regulation, ±(% of output + offset)
Change in output voltage and current for any line change within ratings
Voltage <0.01% + 2 mV Current <0.01% + 250 mA
[1]
12 months (over GPIB and RS-232 or front panel with respect
[1]
Accuracy specifications are after an 1-hour warm-up with no load and calibration at
25°C
15
Chapter 1 Specifications
Performance Specifications
Programming Resolution
Voltage 1 mV Current 0.5 mA
Readback Resolution
Voltage 0.5 mV Current 0.1 mA
Front Panel Resolution
Voltage 1 mV Current 1 mA
Transient Response Time
Less than 50 msec for output recover to within 15 mV following a change in output current from full load to half load or vice versa
Command Processing Time
Average time for output voltage to begin to change after receipt of digital data when the power supply is connected directly to the GPIB or RS-232 is less than 100 msec.
OVP and OCP Accuracy, (% of output + offset)
OVP 0.5% + 0.5 V OCP 0.5% + 0.5 A
Activation time occurs.
OVP <1.5 msec when the trip voltage is equal or greater than 3 V
OCP <10 msec
: Average time for output to start to drop after OVP or OCP condition
<10 msec when the trip voltage is less than 3 V
16
Chapter 1 Specifications

Supplemental Characteristics

Supplemental Characteristics
Output Programming Range (maximum programmable values)
Low range 0 to 15.45 V/0 to 7.21 A High range 0 to 30.9 V/0 to 4.12 A OVP 1 V to 32 V OCP 0 A 7.5 A
Remote Sensing Capability
Voltage drop Up to 1 V per each lead Load regulation Add 5 mV to spec for each 1-volt change in the + output lead
due to load current changes.
Load voltage Subtract voltage drop in load leads from specified output
voltage atiing.
Temperature Coefficient, ±(% of output + offset)
Maximum change in output/readback per °C after a 30-minute warm-up
Voltage 0.01% + 3 mV Current 0.02% + 3 mA
1
Stability, ±(% of output + offset)
Following a 1 hour warm-up, change in output over 8 hours under constant load, line, and ambient temperature
Voltage 0.02% + 1 mV Current 0.1% + 1 mA
Voltage Programming Speed
Maximum time required for output voltage to settle within 1% of its total excursion (for resistive load). Excludes command processing time.
Full load
Up 50 msec 20 msec Down 45 msec 400 msec
No load
17
Chapter 1 Specifications
Supplemental Characteristics
Output Terminal Isolation (maximum, from chassis ground)
±60 Vdc when connecting shorting conductors without insulation to the (+) output to the (+) sense and the (-) output and the (-) sense terminals.
±240 Vdc when connecting insulated shorting conductors to the (+) output to the (+) sense and the (-) output and the (-) sene terminals.
AC Input Ratings (selectable via rear panel selector)
std 115 Vac ± 10%, 47 to 63 Hz opt 0E3 230 Vac ± 10%, 47 to 63 Hz opt 0E9 100 Vac ± 10%, 47 to 63 Hz
Maximum Input Power
500 VA with full load
Cooling
Fan cooled
Operating Temperature
0 to 40°C for full rated output. At higher temperatures, the output current is derated linearly to 50% at 55°C maximum temperature.
Output Voltage Overshoot
During turn-on or turn-off of ac power, output plus overshoot will not exceed 1 V if the output control is set to less than 1 V. If the output control is set to 1 V or higher, there is no overshoot.
Programming Language
SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments)
State Storage Memory
Three (3) user-configurable stored states
Recommended Calibration Interval
1 year
18
Chapter 1 Specifications
Supplemental Characteristics
Dimensions
213 mmW x 133 mmH x 348 mmD (8.4 x 5.2 x 13.7 in)
*See below for detailed information.
Weight
Net 9.5 kg (21 lb) Shipping 12 kg (26 lb)
*
1
Figure 1-1. Dimensions of Agilent E3632A Power Supply
19
Chapter 1 Specifications
Supplemental Characteristics
20
2
2
Quick Start

Quick Start

One of the first things you will want to do with your power supply is to become acquainted with its front panel. Written procedures in this chapter prepare the power supply for use and familiarize you with most front-panel operations.
• The power supply is shipped from the factory configured in the front-panel operation mode. At power-on, the power supply is automatically set to operate in the front-panel operation mode. When in this mode, the front­panel keys can be used. When the power supply is in remote operation mode, you can return to front-panel operation mode at any time by pressing the
Local
key if you did not previously send the front-panel lockout command. A change between front-panel and remote operation modes will not result in a change in the output parameters.
• The power supply has two output ranges of 15V/7A or 30V/4A. This feature allows more voltage at a lower current or more current at a lower voltage. The desired output range is selected from the front panel or over the remote interfaces. The range.
• When you press the key (the display of the power supply goes to the limit mode and the present limit values will be displayed. In this mode, you can also observe the change of the limit values when adjusting the knob. If you press the key again or let the display time-out after several seconds, the power supply will return the display to the meter mode (the In this mode, the actual output voltage and current will be displayed.
• The outputs of the power supply can be enabled or disabled from the front panel using the key. When the output is off, the annunciator turns on and the output is disabled.
• The display provides the present operating status of the power supply with annunciators and also informs the user of error codes. For example, the power supply is operating in CV mode in the 15V/7A range and controlled from the front panel, then the however, the power supply is remotely controlled, the also turn on, and when the power supply is being addressed over GPIB interface, the page 6 for more information.
15V or 30V annunciator indicates the presently selected
Display Limit
Output On/Off
CV and +15V annunciators will turn on. If,
Adrs annunciator will turn on. see “Display Annunciators”, on
Limit annunciator blinks), the
Display Limit
Limit annunciator turns off).
OFF
Rmt annunciator will
22
Chapter 2 Quick Start

To Prepare the Power Supply for Use

To Prepare the Power Supply for Use
The following steps help you verify that the power supply is ready for use.
Power
Check the list of supplied items.
1
Verify that you have received the following items with your power supply. If anything is missing, contact your nearest Agilent Technologies Sales Office.
One appropriate power cord for your location.
One User's Guide.
This Service Guide.
Certificate of Calibration.
Verify that the correct power-line voltage setting is selected and that
2
the correct power-line fuse is installed.
The line voltage is set to 100, 115 or 230 Vac from the factory according to the input power option selected when you ordered the power supply. Change the voltage setting if it is not correct for your location (see the next page for detailed information). For 100 or 115 Vac operation, the correct fuse is 4 AT (Agilent part number 2110-0996) and for 230 Vac operation, the correct fuse is
2.5 AT (Agilent part number 2110-0999).
Connect the power cord and turn on the power supply.
3
A power-on self-test occurs automatically when you turn on the power supply. The front-panel display will light up while the power supply performs its power-on self- test. After performing the self-test, the power supply will go into the power-on / reset state; all outputs are disabled (the on); the 15V/7A rage is selected (the + selected for voltage control. Notice that the turn on.
15V annunciator turns on); the knob is
OVP and OCP annunciators also
OFF annunciator turns
2
Output On/Off
Enable the outputs.
4
Press the key to enable the outputs. The turns off and the can be adjusted by turning the knob. Notice that the display is in the meter mode. "Meter mode" means that the display shows the actual output voltage and current.
Output On/Off
15V, OVP, OCP a nd CV annunc iato rs are li t. The blinking digit
OFF annunciator
23
Chapter 2 Quick Start
To Prepare the Power Supply for Use
1 Remove the power cord. Rem ove
the fuse-holder assembly with a flat­blade screwdriver from the rear
3 Rotate the power-line voltage
selector until the correct voltage appears.
2 Install the corect line fuse. Remove
the power-line voltage selector from the power-line module.
100 or 115 Vac, 4 AT fuse 230 Vac, 2.5 AT fuse
4 Replace the power-line voltage
selector and the fuse-holder assembly in the rear panel.
100, 115 or 230 Vac
Install the correct fuse and verify that the correct line voltage appears in the window.
24
Chapter 2 Quick Start

To Check the Rated Voltages of the Power Supply

To Check the Rated Voltages of the Power Supply
The following procedures check to ensure that the power supply develops its rated voltage outputs with no load and properly responds to operation from the front panel.
For each step, use the keys shown on the left margins.
2
Power
Output On/Off
Turn on the power supply.
1
The power supply will go into the power-on / reset state; the output is disabled
OFF annunciator turns on); the 15V/7A range is selected (the +15V
(the annunciator turns on); and the knob is selected for voltage control.
Enable the outputs.
2
OFF annunciator turns off and the 15V, OVP, O CP and CV annunciators are
The lit. The blinking digit can be adjusted by turning the knob. Notice that the display is in the meter mode. "Meter mode" means that the display shows the actual output voltage and current.
Check that the front-panel voltmeter properly responds to knob
3
control.
Turn the knob clockwise or counter clockwise to check that the voltmeter responds to knob control and the ammeter indicates nearly zero.
Ensure that the voltage can be adjusted from zero to the maximum
4
rated value.
Adjust the knob until the voltmeter indicates 0 volts and then adjust the knob until the voltmeter indicates 15.0 volts.
1
1
You can use the resolution selection keys to move the blinking digit to the right or
left when setting the voltage.
25
Chapter 2 Quick Start

To Check the Rated Currents of the Power Supply

To Check the Rated Currents of the Power Supply
The following procedures check to ensure that the power supply develops its rated current outputs with a short and properly responds to operation from the front panel.
For each step, use the keys shown on the left margin.
Power
Output On/Off
Display Limit
Volt/Curr
Turn on the power supply.
1
The power supply will go into the power-on / reset state; the output is disabled
OFF annunciator turns on); the 15V/7A range is selected (the 15V
(the annunciator turns on); and the knob is selected for voltage control.
Connect a short across (+) and (-) output terminals with an insulated
2
test lead.
Enable the outputs.
3
OFF annunciator turns off and the 15V, OVP and OCP annunciator turns
The on. The
CV or CC annunciator is lit depending on the resistance of the test lead.
The blinking di g it can be adju sted by tu r ning the kno b. N otice th at t he displ ay is in the meter mode. "Meter mode" means that the display shows the actual output voltage and current.
Adjust the voltage limit value to 1.0 volt.
4
Set the display to the limit mode (the the voltage limit to 1.0 volt to assure CC operation. The
Lmt annunciator will be blinking). Adjust
CC annunciator will
light.
Check that the front-panel ammeter properly responds to knob control.
5
Set the knob to the current control, and turn the knob clockwise or counter clockwise when the display is in the meter mode (the
Lmt annunciator is off).
Check that the ammeter responds to knob control and the voltmeter indicates nearly zero (actually, the voltmeter will show the voltage drop caused by the test lead).
26
Chapter 2 Quick Start
To Check the Rated Currents of the Power Supply
Ensure that the current can be adjusted from zero to the maximum
6
rated value.
Adjust the knob until the ammeter indicates 0 amps and then until the ammeter indicates 7.0 amps.
Note If an error has been detected during the output checkout procedures, the ERROR
annunciator will turn on. See "Error Messages" for more information, starting on page 121 in chapter 5 of the User's Guide.
1
2
1
You can use the resolution selection keys to move the blinking digit to the
right or left when setting the current.
27
Chapter 2 Quick Start

To Use the Power Supply in Constant Voltage Mode

To Use the Power Supply in Constant Voltage Mode
To set up the power supply for constant voltage (CV) operation, proceed as follows.
For each step, use the keys shown on the left margin.
Connect a load to the desired output terminals.
1
With power-off, connect a load to the desired output terminals.
Power
Display Limit
Volt/Curr
Turn on the power supply.
2
The power supply will go into the power-on / reset state; output is disabled (the
OFF annunciator turns on); the 15V/7A range is selected (the 15V annunciator
turns on); and the knob is selected for voltage control.
To operate the power supply in the 30V/4A range, press the key before
30V,4A
proceeding to the next step. The 30V annunciator turns on.
Set the display for the limit mode.
3
Notice that the
Limit annunciator blinks, indicating that the display is in the
limit mode. When the disp lay is in the limit mode, you can see the voltage and current limit values of the power supply.
In constant voltage mode, the voltage values between meter mode and limit mode are the same, but the current values are not. Moreover if the display is in the meter mode, you cannot see the change of current limit value when adjusting the knob. We recommend that you should set the display to "limit" mode to see the change of current limit value in constant voltage mode whenever adjusting the knob.
Adjust the knob for the desired current limit.
4
1
Check that the Lmt annunciator still blinks. Set the knob for current control. The second digit of ammeter will be blinking. The blinking digit can be changed using the resolution selection keys and the blinking digit can be adjusted by turning the knob. Adjust the knob to the desired current limit.
1
You can use the resolution selection keys to move the blinking digit to the right or
left when setting current.
28
Chapter 2 Quick Start
To Use the Power Supply in Constant Voltage Mode
Volt/Curr
Adjust the knob for the desired output voltage.
5
1
Check that the Limit annunciator still blinks. Set the knob for voltage control. The second digit of the voltmeter will be blinking. Change the blinking digit using the resolution selection keys and adjust the knob to the desired output voltage.
Display Limit
Return to the meter mode.
6
Press the key or let the display time-out after several seconds to return to the meter mode. Notice that the
Display Limit
Limit annunciator turns off and
the display shows "OUTPUT OFF" message.
Output On/Off
Enable the outputs
7
OFF annunciator turns off and the 15V or 30V, OVP, OCP, and CV
The annunciators are lit. Notice that the display is in the meter mode. In the meter mode, the display shows the actual output voltage and current.
Verify that the power supply is in the constant voltage mode.
8
If you operate the power supply in the constant voltage (CV) mode, verify that
CV annunciator is lit. If the CC annunciator is lit, choose a higher current limit.
Note During actual CV operation, if a load change causes the current limit to be exceeded,
the power supply will automatically crossover to constant current mode at the preset current limit and the output voltage will drop proportionately.
2
1
You can use the resolution selection keys to move the blinking digit to the right or
left when setting voltage.
29
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