Agilent E3614A Operations Guide

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SAFETY SUMMARY

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The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation, service, and repair of this instrument.
Failure to compl
manufacture, and intended use of the instrument. Hewlett-Packard Compan

with these requirements.

compl

BEFORE APPLYING POWER.

Verif

that the product is set to match the available line voltage

and that the correct fuse is installed.

GROUND THE INSTRUMENT.

This product is a Safet
tective earth terminal). To minimize shock hazard, the instrument
chassis and cabinet must be connected to an electrical
The instrument must be connected to the ac power suppl
throu

h a three-conductor power cable, with the third wire firml
connected to an electrical ground(safety ground) at the power
outlet. An
disconnection of the protective earth terminal will cause a poten­tial shock hazard that could result in personal injur
ment is to be ener
volta

e reduction, be certain that the autotransformer common
terminal is connected to the neutral(earthed pole) of the ac power
lines (suppl

DO NOT OPERATE IN AN EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERE.

Do not operate the instrument in the presence of flammable

ases or fumes.

KEEP AWAY FROM LIVE CIRCUITS.

Operatin
nent replacement and internal adjustments must be made b
qualified service personnel. Do not replace components with
power cable connected. Under certain conditions, dan
a

es may exist even with the power cable removed. To avoid inju­ries, alwa
external volta

DO NOT SERVICE OR ADJUST ALONE.

Do not attempt internal service or adjustment unless another per­son, capable of renderin

with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this manual violates safety standards of design,

assumes no liability for the customer's failure to

SAFETY SYMBOLS

Instruction manual s
be marked with this s
sar

for the user to refer to the instruction

manual.

Indicate earth(

The WARNING si
calls attention to a procedure, practice,
or the like, which, if not correctl
adhered to, could result inpersonal injur
not proceed be
the indicated conditions are full
and met.

The CAUTION si
attention to an operatin
like, which, if not correctl
adhered to, could result in dama
destruction of part or all of the product. Do
not proceed be
indicated conditions are full
met.

The NOTE si
mation. It calls attention to a procedure, prac­tice, condition or the like, which is essential to

hlight.

hi

er of introducing additional hazards, do not

round) terminal.

Class I instrument (provided with a pro-

round.

mains

interruption of the protective(grounding) conductor or

. If the instru-

ized via an external autotransformer for

mains).

personnel must not remove instrument covers. Compo-

erous volt-

s disconnect power, discharge circuits and remove

e sources before touching components.

first aid and resuscitation, is present.

!

or

DO NOT SUBSTITUTE PARTS OR MODIFY INSTRUMENT.

Because of the dan
install substitute parts or perform an
to the instrument. Return the instrument to a Hewlett-Packard
Sales and Service Office for service and repair to ensure that
safet

features are maintained.

mbol; the product will

mbol when it is neces-

n denotes a hazard. It

performed or

ond a WARNING sign until

n denotes a hazard. It calls

procedure, or the

performed or

ond CAUTION sign until the

understood and

n denotes important infor-

unauthorized modification

. Do

understood

e to or

Instruments that appear damaged or defective should be made inoperative and secured against unintended
operation until the

can be repaired by qualified service personnel.

1-2

Table of Contents

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SAFETY SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2

GENERAL INFORMATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-4

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

SAFETY REQUIREMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-4

INSTRUMENT AND MANUAL IDENTIFICATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-4

OPTIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-4

ACCESSORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-4

DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

SPECIFICATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-5

INSTALLATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-6

INITIAL INSPECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-6

Mechanical Check. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-6

Electrical Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-6

INSTALLATION DATA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-6

Location and Coolin
Outline Dia
Rack Mountin

INPUT POWER REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-6

Line Volta

Power Cord. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-7

ram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-6

e Option Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-6

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-6

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-6

OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7

TURN-ON CHECKOUT PROCEDURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-7

OPERATING MODES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-8

LOCAL OPERATING MODE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-8

Constant Volta

Constant Current Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-8

Overvolta

CONNECTING LOADS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-8

OPERATION BEYOND RATED OUTPUT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-8

REMOTE OPERATING MODES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-9

Remote Volta

Remote Analo

e Operaton. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-8

e Protection (OVP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-8

e Sensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-9

Voltage Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-9

MULTIPLE-SUPPLY OPERATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-10

NORMAL PARALLEL OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-10

AUTO-PARALLEL OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-10

NORMAL SERIES OPERATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-11

AUTO-SERIES OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12

AUTO-TRACKING OPERATON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-13

LOAD CONSIDERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-14

PULSE LOADING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-14

REVERSE CURRENT LOADING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-14

OUTPUT CAPACITANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14

REVERSE VOLTAGE LOADING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-14

BATTERY CHARGING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-14

1-3

GENERAL INFORMATION

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INTRODUCTION

This manual describes all models in the HP E361xA 60W
Bench Power Suppl
information in this manual applies to all models.

SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

This product is a Safety Class I instrument, which means
that it is provided with a protective earth
This terminal must be connected to an ac source that has a
3-wire

round receptacle. Review the instrument rear panel
and this manual for safet
operatin
at the be
safet
the appropriate places in this manual.

This power suppl
safety and EMC(Electromagnetic Compatibility) require­ments:

IEC 348: Safet
Apparatus
IEC 1010-1/EN 61010: Safet
Equipment for Measurement, Control, and Laborator
CSA C22.2 No.231: Safet
Electronic Measurin
UL 1244: Electrical and Electronic Measurin
Equipment.
EMC Directive 89/336/EEC: Council Directive entitled
Approximation of the Laws of the Member States relatin
Electroma

EN 55011(1991) Group 1, Class B/CISPR 11: Limits and
Methods of Radio Interference Characteristics of
Industrial, Scientific, and Medical(ISM) Radio-Frequenc

Equipment
EN 50082-1(1991) /

IEC 801-2(1991):Electrostatic Dischar
IEC 801-3(1984):Radiated Electroma

Requirements

IEC 801-4(1988):Electrical Fast Transient/Burst

Requirements

the instrument. Refer to the Safety Summary page

inning of this manual for a summary of general

information. Specific safety information is located at

netic Compatibilit

INSTRUMENT AND MANUAL IDENTIFICA TION

A serial number identifies your power supply. The serial
number encodes the countr
latest si
number. As an illustration, a serial number be
KR306 denotes a power suppl
4=1994, etc), 6th week manufacture in Korea(KR). The
remainin
number assi

nificant design change, and a unique sequential

digits of the serial number are a unique, five-digit

family and unless stated otherwise, the

round terminal.

markings and instructions before

is designed to comply with the followin

Requirements for Electronic Measuring

Requirements for Electrical

Use

Requirements for Electrical and

and Test Equipment

and Testing

to

e Requirements

netic Field

of manufacture, the date of the

inning with

built in 1993 (3=1 993,

ned sequentially.

OPTIONS

Options OE3 and OE9 determine which line voltage is
selected at the factor
Vac ± 10%. For information about chan

, see paragraph "INPUT POWER REQUIREMENTS",

settin
pa

e 1-6.

OE3: Input power, 230 Vac ± 10%, 47-63 Hz
OE9: Input power, 100 Vac ± 10%, 47-63 Hz
910: One additional manual

. The standard unit is configured for 115

the line voltage

ACCESSORY

The accessory listed below may be ordered from your local
Hewlett-Packard Sales Office either with the power suppl
separatel
address.)

HP Part No. Description

5063-9240 Rack Kit for mountin

The rack mount kit is needed for rack mountin
in the HP E361xA power suppl
molded feet.

. (Refer to the list at the rear of the manual for

one or two 3 1/2" high

suppl

in a standard 19" rack

of all models

because these supplies have

or

DESCRIPTION

This power supply is suitable for either bench or rack
mounted operation. It is a compact, well-re

e/Constant Current supply that will furnish full rated

Volta
output volta
continuousl
put can be adjusted both locall
remotel
(See para
The models in this famil
with volta
in Table 1.

The front panel VOLTAGE control can be used to establish
the volta
rent source and the CURRENT control can be used to estab­lish the output current limit when the suppl
constant volta
over from constant volta
vice versa if the output current or volta
set limits.

The front panel includes an autoran
ran
Two 3 1/2 di
the output volta

s for each model are shown in the Specifications and

in
Operatin

e at the maximum rated output current or can be

adjusted throughout the output range. The out-

from the front panel and

changing the settings of the rear panel switches

raph "REMOTE OPERATING MODES", page 1-9).

offer up to 60 watts of output power,

e up to 60 volts and current up to 6 amps as shown

e limit when the supply is used as a constant cur-

e source. The supply will automatically cross

e to constant current operation and

e) digital voltmeter and a single-range digital ammeter.

it voltage and current displays accurately show

e and current respectively. The output rat-

Characteristics Table.

ulated, Constant

is used as a

e exceeds these pre-

(E3614A single-

If the serial number on
on the title pa
CHANGES sheet is supplied with this manual to explain
the difference between
described b
tain information for correctin

this manual. The change sheet may also con-

our supply differs from that shown

e of this manual, a yellow MANUAL

our instrument and the instrument

errors in the manual.

The OVP/CC SET switch is used to check the OVP trip volt­a

e and current control set value. When pressing this switch,
the volta
rent displa

1-4

e display indicates the OVP trip voltage and the cur-

indicates the current control set value.

The power suppl
nals. Either the positive or ne

has both front and rear output termi-

ative output terminal ma

be

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rounded or the power supply can be operated float-

in

at up to a maximum of 240 Volts off ground. Total out-

put volta

LINE FUSE

Line Volta
100/115 Vac 2.0 AT 2110-0702
230 Vac 1.0 AT 2110-0457

e to ground must not exceed 240 Vdc.

e Fuse HP Part No.

Table 1. Specifications and Operating Characteristics

SPECIFICATIONS

Detailed specifications for the power supply are given in Table

1. All specifications are at front terminals with a resistive load,
and local sensin
teristics provide useful, but non-warranted information in the
form of the nominal performance.

unless otherwise stated. Operating charac-

*AC INPUT

An internal switch permits operation from 100, 115, or 230 Vac
lines.

100 Vac ± 10%, 47-63 Hz, 163 VA, 125 W
115 Vac ± 10%, 47-63 Hz, 163 VA, 125 W
230 Vac ± 10%, 47-63 Hz, 163 VA, 125 W

DC OUTPUT

Voltage and current can be programmed via front panel control or
remote analo

E3614A:
E3615A:
E3616A:
E3617A:

control over the following ranges;
0 - 8 V, 0 - 6 A
0 - 20 V, 0 - 3 A
0 - 35 V, 0 - 1.7 A
0 - 60 V, 0 - 1 A

*OUTPUT TERMINALS

The output terminals are provided on the front and rear panel.

are isolated from the chassis and either the positive or neg-

The
ative terminal ma

be connected to the ground terminal.

LOAD REGULATION

Constant Voltage - Less than 0.01% plus 2 mV for a full load to no
load chan
Constant Current
maximum chan

e in output current.

- Less than 0.01% plus 250 µA for a zero to

e in output voltage.

LINE REGULATION

Constant Voltage - Less than 0.01% plus 2 mV for any line volt-

e change within the input rating.

a
Constant Current

e change within the input rating.

a

- Less than 0.01% plus 250 µA for any line volt-

PARD (Ripple and Noise)

Constant Voltage: Less than 200 µV rms and 1 mV p-p

Constant Current:

(20 Hz-20 MHz).
E3614A: Less than 5 mA rms
E3615A:
E3616A:
E3617A:

Less than 2 mA rms
Less than 500 µA rms
Less than 500 µA rms

OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE

0 to 40oC for full rated output. Maximum current is derated 1%

ree C at 40oC-55oC.

per de

*TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT

Maximum change in output per oC after a 30-minute warm-up.
Constant Volta
Constant Current:

e: Less than 0.02% plus 500 µV.

E3614A: Less than 0.02% plus 3 mA
E3615A:
E3616A:
E3617A:

Less than 0.02% plus 1.5 mA
Less than 0.02% plus 1 mA
Less than 0.02% plus 0.5 mA

*STABILITY (OUTPUT DRIFT)

Maximum change in output for an 8 hours following a 30 minute
warm-up under constant line, load and ambient temperature.
Constant Volta
Constant Current:

e: Less than 0.1% plus 5 mV

Less than 0.1% plus 10 mA

LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE TIME

Less than 50 µsec for output recovery to within 15 mV following a
chan

e in output current from full load to half load, or vice versa.

METER ACCURACY:

B±(0.5% of output + 2 counts)Bat

o

C

± 5

o

C

25

METER (PROGRAMMING) RESOLUTION

Voltage: E3614A 10 mV

Current:

E3615A
E3616A
E3617A
E3614A 10 mA
E3615A
E3616A
E3617A

10 mV (0 to 20 V), 100 mV (above 20 V)
10 mV (0 to 20 V), 100 mV (above 20 V)
10 mV (0 to 20 V), 100 mV (above 20 V)

10 mA
1 mA
1 mA

*OVERLOAD PROTECTION

A continuously acting constant current circuit protects the power
suppl

for all overloads including a direct short placed across the
terminals in constant volta
cuit limits the output volta
ation.

e operation. The constant voltage cir-

e in the constant current mode of oper-

*OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION

Trip voltage adjustable via front panel control.

Range: 2.5-10 V 2.5-23 V 2.5-39 V 5-65 V
Mar

E3614A

in: Minimum setting above output voltage to avoid

false trippin

E3615A E3616A E3617A

: 4% of output + 2 V for all models

*REMOTE ANALOG VOLTAGE PROGRAMMING (25 ± 5oC)

Remotely varied voltage from 0 to 10 V provides zero to maxi­mum rated output volta

Volta

e: Linearity 0.5% Current: Linearity 0.5%
The pro
to ±40 V.

ramming inputs are protected against input voltages up

e or current.

REMOTE SENSING

Meets load-regulation specification when correcting for load-lead
drops of up to 0.5 V per lead with sense wire resistance of less
than 0.5 ohms per sense lead and lead len
meters.

ths of less than 5

1-5

Table 1. Specifications and Operating Characteristics (Cont’d)

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*REMOTE PROGRAMMING SPEED

Maximum time required for output voltage to change from initial
value to within a tolerance band (0.1%) of the newl
value followin
input voltage.

Up: E3614A:

Down:

the onset of a step change in the programmin

Full load No load

3 msec 2 msec
E3615A:
E3616A:
E3617A:
E3614A:
E3615A:
E3616A:
E3617A:

9 msec 6 msec
85 msec 85 msec

200 msec 200 msec

7 msec 1.6 sec

13 msec 2.2 sec
65 msec 1.8 sec

200 msec 3.2 sec

programmed

INSTALLATION

INITIAL INSPECTION

Before shipment, this instrument was inspected and found to be
free of mechanical and electrical defects. As soon as the instru­ment is unpacked, inspect for an
occurred in transit. Save all packin
is completed. If dama
carrier. The Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service office should be
notified.

e is found, a claim should be filed with the

Mechanical Check

This check should confirm that there are no broken knobs or connec­tors, that the cabinet and panel surfaces are free of dents and
scratches, and that the meter is not scratched or cracked.

damage that may have

materials until the inspection

DC ISOLATION

± 240 Vdc maximum between either output terminal and earth

round including the output voltage.

*COOLING:

*WEIGHT:

* Operatin

instructions.

Convection cooling is employed.

12.1 lbs/5.5 Kg net, 14.9 lbs/6.75 Kg shipping.

Characteristics

Electrical Check

The instrument should be checked against its electrical specifi-

cations. Para

tains a brief checkout procedure and "PERFORMANCE TEST" in
section SERVICE INFORMATION includes an instrument perfor­mance check to verif

raph "TURN-ON CHECKOUT PROCEDURE" con-

proper instrument operation.

INST ALLATION DATA

The instrument is shipped ready for bench operation. It is neces­sar

only to connect the instrument to a source of power and it is

for operation.

read

Location and Coolin

This instrument is air cooled. Sufficient space should be allowed so
that a free flow of coolin
instrument when it is in operation. It should be used in an area where
the ambient temperature does not exceed 40
derated 1% per

o

C at 40oC-55oC.

Outline Diagram

Figure 1 is a outline diagram showing the dimensions of the
instrument.

Rack Mountin

This instrument may be rack mounted in a standard 19-inch rack
panel either b
ACCESSORY, pa
ries. Each rack-mountin

itself or alongside a similar unit. Please see

air can reach the sides and rear of the

o

C. Maximum current is

e 1-4, for available rack mounting accesso-

kit includes complete installation

Figure 1. Outline Diagram

INPUT POWER REQUIREMENTS

This power supply may be operated from nominal 100, 115, or
230 Vac 47-63 Hertz power source. A label on the rear panel
shows the nominal input volta
necessar
volta

ou can convert the supply to another nominal input

e by following the instructions below

Line Voltage Option Conversion

Line voltage conversion is accomplished by adjusting two compo­nents: the line select switch and the rear panel fuse F1. To con­vert the suppl
as follows:

a. Disconnect power cord.
b. Turn off the suppl

cover upwards after takin
b

inserting a flat-blade screwdriver into the gap on the lower

rear portion of the cover.

c. Set two sections of the line volta

board for the desired line volta

d. Check the ratin

holder and replace with the correct fuse if necessar
and 115 V operation, use a normal blow 2 A fuse and for 230
V use a time dela

1-6

from one line voltage option to another, proceed

and remove the top cover by lifting the

of the fuse F1 installed in the rear panel fuse

1 A fuse.

e set for the unit at the factory. If

it off from both sides of the chassis

e selector switch on the PC

e (see Figure 2).

. For 100

e. Replace the cover and mark the suppl

y

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label indicatin

the correct line voltage and fuse that is in

clearly with a tag or

use.

Figure 2. Line Voltage Selector (set for 115 Vac)

Power Cord

To protect operating personnel, the instrument should be

rounded. This instrument is equipped with a three conductor
power cord. The third conductor is the
when the power cord is plu
the suppl

The power suppl
outlet used at
included, contact

is grounded.

was shipped with a power cord for the type of

our location. If the appropriate cord was not

our nearest HP Sales Office to obtain the cor-

ed into an appropriate receptacle,

rect cord.

round conductor and

4. DISPLAY OVP/CC SET Switch: Pressin
the VOLTS displa
shutdown (trip volta
current control set value. Settin

s or remote voltage programmed settings.

5.

settin

OVP Ad

ust Screwdriver Control:

to show voltage setting for overvoltage

e) and the AMPS display to show the

values are either front panel

PLAY OVP/CC SET switch, rotatin
with a small, flat-blade screwdriver increases the settin
overvolta

6. VOLTS Displa
OVP shutdown settin

AMPS Displa

7.
output-current settin

8. CV LED Indicator: Output volta
This means the power suppl
volta

e shutdown.

e mode.

: Di

ital display of actual output voltage, or

.

:

Di

ital display of actual output current, or

.

e is regulated when lighted.

is operating in the constant

9. CC LED Indicator: Output current is re
This means the power suppl

is operating in the constant cur-

this switch causes

While pressin

the DIS-

the control clock-wise

ulated when lighted.

for

rent mode.

10. OVP LED Indicator: Output is shutdown b
of an overvolta
volta

e and turning the power off, then on, resets the power

.

suppl

e when lighted. Removing the cause of over-

the occurrence

TURN-ON CHECKOUT PROCEDURE

The following checkout procedure describes the use of the front
panel controls and indicators illustrated in Fi
that the suppl

is operational:

ure 3 and ensures

OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

INTRODUCTION

This section explains the operating controls and indicators and
provides information on man
instrument. The front panel controls and indicators are illustrated
in Fi

ure 3.

Figure 3. Front-Panel Controls and Indicators

LINE Switch:

1.

VOLTAGE Control:

2.
a

e.

CURRENT Control:

3.

Pressing this switch turns the supply on, or off.

rent.

operating modes possible with your

Clockwise rotation increases output volt-

Clockwise rotation increases output cur-

MASTER

M/S 1 M/S 2

SLAVE

LOCAL

CV CC SENSE

REMOTE

_

+

OUT+S-S

+

CV CC

+

__

VREF

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5

Figure 4. Switch Settings of Rear-Panel Control for Turn-

On Checkout

a. Disconnect power cord.
b. Check that the rear-panel switch settin

s are as shown in Fig-

ure 4.

c. Check that the rear panel label indicates that the suppl

to match

our input line voltage (If not, refer to "Line Voltage

is set

Option Conversion".).

d. Check that the fuse on the rear panel is correct for

volta

e.

our line

e. Connect the power cord and push the LINE switch to ON.
f. While pressin

OVP/CC SET switch, verify that the OVP
shutdown is set above 8.0, 20.0, 35.0, or 60.0 Vdc for
E3614A, E3615A, E3616A, or E3617A respectivel

. If not,

turn up OVP Adjust with a small flat-blade screwdriver.

. Turn VOLTAGE control fully counter clockwise to ensure that

the output of VOLTS displa
clockwise to ensure that output volta
mum output volta

h. While pressin

trol full

counter clockwise and then fully clockwise to ensure

e.

OVP/CC SET switch, turn the CURRENT con-

decreases to 0 Vdc, then fully

e increases to the maxi-

1-7

that the current limit value can be set from zero to maximum

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rated value.

OPERATING MODES

The setting of the rear panel switch determines the operatin
modes of the power supply. The local operating mode is set so
the power suppl
terminals (local sensin
trols (local pro

e sensing and remote programming of output voltage and

volta
current usin

LOCAL OPERA TING MODE

The power supply is shipped from the factory configured in the
local operatin
settin

s of the rear panel, as shown in Figure 4. The power sup-

provides constant voltage(CV) or constant current(CC) output.

pl

Constant Voltage Operaton

To set up a power supply for constant voltage operation, proceed
as follows:

senses the output voltage directly at the output

) for operation using the front panel con-

ramming). Other operating modes are: remote

external voltages.

mode. Local operating mode requires the switch

False OVP shutdowns ma
too close to the suppl
down volta
a

e to avoid false shutdowns from load-induced transients.

Ad

down volta

a. With the VOLTAGE control full

b. While depressin

c. Follow the procedure for CC or CV operaton to set the out-

Resettin

turning power off. Wait one or more seconds, and turn power on
a

ain. If OVP shutdown continue to occur, check the connections

to the load and sense terminals, and check the OVP limit settin

e 4% of output +2.0 V or more above the output volt-

usting OVP.

the power suppl

the OVP Adjust control to the desired OVP shutdown usin
a small, flat-blade screwdriver.

put volta

Follow this procedure to adjust the OVP shut-

e.

e and current

OVP. If OVP shutdown occurs, reset the suppl

occur if you set the OVP shutdown

's operating voltage. Set the OVP shut-

counter clockwise, turn on

.

DISPLAY OVP/CC SET switch, adjust

..

a. Turn on the power suppl

trol for desired output volta

b. While depressin

turn CURRENT control for the desired current limit.
c. With power off connect the load to the output terminals.
d. Turn on the power suppl

actual operation, if a load change causes the current

Durin

limit to be exceeded, the power suppl

cross over to constant current mode and the output voltage

will drop proportionatel

and adjust 10-turn VOLTAGE con-

e (output terminals open).

DISPLAY OVP/CC SET switch, adjust 10-

. Verify that CV LED is lighted.

will automaticall

.

Constant Current Operation

To set up a power supply for constant current operation, proceed
as follows:

a. Turn on power suppl
b. While depressin

CURRENT control for the desired output current.
c. Turn up the VOLTAGE control to the desired volta
d. With power off connect the load to the output terminal.
e. Turn on power suppl

(If CV LED is li

settin

that is greater than the current setting multiplied by the
load resistance in ohms is required for CC operation.) Durin
actual operation, if a load chan
be exceeded, the power suppl
to constant volta
output current will drop proportionatel

.

DISPLAY OVP/CC SET switch, adjust

e limit.

and then verify that CC LED is lighted.

hted, choose a higher voltage limit. A voltage

e causes the voltage limit to

will automatically cross over

e operation at the preset voltage limit and

.

Overvoltage Protection (OVP)

Adjustable overvoltage protection guards your load against over-

e. When the voltage at the output terminals increases (or is

volta
increased b
set b
ables the output causin
zero. Durin

an external source) to the OVP shutdown voltage as

the OVP ADJUST control, the supply's OVP circuit dis-

the output voltage and current to drop to

OVP shutdown the OVP LED lights.

Strong electrostatic discharge to power supply can make
OVP trip and eventuall
effectivel

protect output loads from the hazardous ESD

crowbar the output, which can

current.

CONNECTING LOADS

The output of the supply is isolated from earth ground. Either out­put terminal ma
240 volts off
exceed 240 Vdc.

Each load should be connected to the power suppl
usin

separate pairs of connecting wires. This will minimize mutual

effects between loads and will retain full advantage of the

couplin
low output impedance of the power suppl
wires should be as short as possible and twisted or shielded to
reduce noise pick-up. (If a shield is used, connect one end to the
power suppl
ted.)

If load considerations require that the output power distribution
terminals be remotel
power suppl
distribution terminals via a pair of twisted or shielded wires and
each load separatel
nals. For this case, remote sensin

raph "Remote Voltage Sensing").

be grounded or the output can be floated up to

round. Total output voltage to ground must not

output terminals

. Each pair of connectin

round terminal and leave the other end unconnec-

located from the power supply, then the

output terminals should be connected to the remote

connected to the remote distribution termi-

should be used (See para-

OPERA TION BEYOND RATED OUTPUT

The output controls can adjust the voltage or current to values up
to 5% over the rated output. Althou
in the 5% overran

uaranteed to meet all of its performance specifications in this

ion.

re

e region without being damaged, it can not be

h the supply can be operated

1-8

REMOTE OPERA TING MODES

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Remote operating modes discussed below are remote voltage
sensin

and remote voltage programming. Y ou can set up the unit
for remote operatin
panel switch and connectin
nals to the load or the external volta

2

to 1.5 mm
pl

can be connected to the rear panel terminals by sim-

push fitting. Thinner wires or conductors are inserted into the

connection space after depressin

Turn off the supply while making changes to rear panel
switch settin
of damage to the load and OVP shutdown from unin­tended output.

Remote Voltage Sensing

Remote voltage sensing is used to maintain good regulation at
the load and reduce the de
occur due to the volta

and the load. By connecting the supply for remote voltage

suppl

, voltage is sensed at the load rather than at the supply's

sensin
output terminals. This will allow the suppl
pensate for the volta
tion.

When the suppl
senses the volta
terminals.

modes by changing the settings of the rear

the leads from the rear panel termi-

e. Solid conductors of 0.75

the orange opening lever.

s or connections. This avoids the possibilit

radation of regulation that would

e drop in the leads between the power

to automatically com-

e drop in the load leads and improve regula-

is connected for remote sensing, the OVP circuit

e at the sense leads and not the main output

Output Noise.

appear at the suppl

ulation. Twist the sense leads to minimize the pickup of exter-

re

An

noise picked up on the sense leads will

's output voltage and may degrade CV load

nal noise and run them parallel and close to the load leads. In
nois

environments, it may be necessary to shield the sense
leads. Ground the shield at the power suppl
the shield as one of the sensin

Stability.

When the suppl

conductors.

is connected for remote sensing, it is

end only. Do not use

possible for the impedance of the load wires and the capacitance
of the load to form a filter, which will become part of the suppl
CV feedback loop. The extra phase shift created b

rade the supply's stability and can result in poor transient

de
response performance or loop stabilit

. In extreme cases, it can

this filter can

cause oscillations. Keep the leads as short as possible and twist
the leads of the load to eliminate the load lead inductance and
keep the load capacitance as small as possible.The load leads
should be of the lar
the volta

e drop in each lead to 0.5 volts.

The sense leads are part of the suppl

est diameter practical, heavy enough to limit

's programming feedback
control loop. Accidental open-connections of sense or load leads
durin

remote sensing operation have various unwanted effects.

Provide secure, permanent connections-especiall

for the sense

leads.

_

MASTER

LOCAL

_

+

_

+

+

's

Remote voltage sensing compensates for a voltage drop of
up to 0.5 V in each load, and there ma

be up to a 0.1 V
drop between the output terminal and the internal sensin
resistor, at which point the OVP circuit is connected. There­fore, the volta
much as 1.1 V more than the volta
load. It ma
when usin

CV Re

ulation.

adds directl

e sensed by the OVP circuit could be as

e being regulated at the

be necessary to re-adjust the OVP trip voltage

remote sensing.

Notice that an

voltage drop in the sense leads

to the CV load regulation. In order to maintain the
specified performance, keep the sense lead resistance to 0.5
ohms per lead or less.

Remote Sensin

chan

settings of the rear panel switch and connecting the

Connections.

Remote sensin

requires

load leads from + and - output terminals to the load and connect­in

the sense leads from the +S and -S terminals to the load as

shown in Fi

ure 5.

Observe polarity when connecting the sensing leads to
the load.

SLAVE

CV CC SENSE

REMOTE

+

nqcf

_

OUT

+S

-S

pqvg\BvB B BB B

CV CC

VREF

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5

M/S 1 M/S 2

Figure 5. Remote Voltage Sensin

Remote Analog Voltage Programming

Remote analog voltage programming permits control of the regu­lated output volta
a

e. The programming (external) voltage should not exceed 10
volts. The stabilit
the stabilit
disabled durin

The supply includes clamp circuits to prevent it from
suppl
or current when the remote pro

reater than 10 Vdc. Do not intentionally operate the sup-

e or current by means of a remotely varied volt-

of the programming voltages directly affects

of the output. The voltage control on the front panel is

remote analog programming.

more than about 120% of rated output voltage

ramming voltage is

1-9

ply above 100% rated output. Limit your programming

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volta

e to 10 Vdc.

Remote Programming Connections. Remote programmin
requires changing settings of the switch and connecting external
volta

es to + and - terminals of "CV" or "CC" on the rear panel.

noise picked up on the programming leads will appear on the

An

's output and may degrade regulation. To reduce noise

suppl
pick-up, use a twisted or shielded pair of wires for pro
with the shield

rounded at one end only. Do not use the shield as

ramming,

a conductor.
Notice that it is possible to operate a power suppl

neousl

in the remote sensing and the remote analog program-

modes.

min

Remote Pro

rear panel switch settin
volta

ramming voltage produces a change in output voltage (volt-

pro

ain) as follows: E3614A: 0.8 Vdc, E3615A: 2 Vdc, E3616A:

a

ramming, Constant Voltage. Figure 6 shows the

s and terminal connections for remote-

e control of output voltage. A 1 Vdc change in the remote

simulta-

3.5 Vdc, E3617A: 6 Vdc

_

MASTER

M/S 1 M/S 2

SLAVE

NOTE:
See the supplementar

ramming voltage source.

isolated pro

LOCAL

CV CC SENSE

REMOTE

Manual, if you are not using

_

+

OUT

+S

_

+

+

CV CC

VREF

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5

-S

MULTIPLE-SUPPLY OPERATION

Normal parallel and auto-parallel operation provides increased out­put current while normal series and auto-series provides increased
output volta

e of more than one supply. You can set up the unit for multiple-

a
suppl
and connectin

Solid conductors of 0.75 to 1.5 mm
panel terminals b
are inserted into the connection space after depressin
openin

NORMAL P ARALLEL OPERATION

Two or more power supplies being capable of CV/CC automatic
cross over operation can be connected in parallel to obtain a total
output current
The total output current is the sum of the output currents of the
individual power supplies. The output of each power suppl
be set separatel
pl

should be set to the desired output voltage; the other power

suppl

with the higher output voltage setting will deliver its constant

pl
current output, and drop its output volta
put of the other suppl
stant volta
output current which is necessar

ure 8 shows the rear panel switch settings and terminal con-

Fi
nections for normal parallel operation of two supplies.

POWER SUPPLY

e. Auto-tracking provides single control of output volt-

operation by changing the settings of the rear panel switch

the leads from the rear panel terminals to the load.

2

can be connected to the rear

simply push fitting. Thinner wires or conductors

the orange

lever.

reater than that available from one power supply.

. The output voltage controls of one power sup-

should be set for a slightly higher output voltage. The sup-

e until it equals the out-

, and the other supply will remain in con-

e operation and only deliver that fraction of its rated

to fulfill the total load demand.

MASTER

LOCAL

_

+

__

+

+

can

Figure 6. Remote Voltage Programming, Constant

Volta

e

Remote Programming, Constant Current. Figure 7 shows the

rear panel switch settin

e control of output current. A 1 Vdc change in the remote

volta

ramming voltage produces a change in output current (cur-

pro
rent

ain) as follows: E3614A: 0.6 Adc, E3615A: 0.3 Adc,

s and terminal connections for remote-

E3616A: 0.17 Adc, E3617A: 0.1 Adc

_

MASTER

M/S 1 M/S 2

SLAVE

NOTE:
See the supplementar

ramming voltage source.

isolated pro

LOCAL

CV CC SENSE

REMOTE

Manual, if you are not using

_

+

OUT

+S

_

+

+

CV CC

VREF

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5

-S

Figure 7. Remote Voltage Programming, Constant

Current

Remote Programming Speed. See the table of Specifications,

e 1-5.

pa

SLAVE

MASTER

SLAVE

CV CC SENSE

REMOTE

LOCAL

CV CC SENSE

REMOTE

OUT

+S -S

LOAD

_

+

OUT

+S

VREF

CV CC

+

-S

CV CC

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5

_

_

+

VREF

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5

M/S 1 M/S 2

POWER SUPPLY

M/S 1 M/S 2

Figure 8. Normal Parallel Operation of Two Supplies

AUTO-PARALLEL OPERATION

Auto-parallel operation permits equal current sharing under all load
conditions, and allows complete control of output current from one
master suppl
units are called slaves. Normall
model number should be connected for auto-parallel operation,
since the supplies must have the same volta
rent monitorin
each slave is approximatel
ure 10 show the rear panel switch settin
for auto-parallel operation of two supplies and three supplies.

. The control unit is called the master; the controlled

, only supplies having the same

e drop across the cur-

resistor at full current rating. The output current of

equal to the master's. Figure 9 and Fig-

s and terminal connections

1-10

Settin

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Voltage and Current. Turn the slave unit's CURRENT

control full
desired output volta
in a completel
stant volta

clockwise. Adjust the master unit's controls to set the

e and current. The master supply operates

normal fashion and may be set up for either con-

e or constant current operation as required. Verify that

the slave is in CV operation.

ramming according to the remote-programming instructions.

MASTER POWER SUPPLY

MASTER

LOCAL

_

+

__

+

+

For auto-parallel operation of two supplies, the combined output
volta

e is the same as the master unit's voltage setting, and the

combined output current is two times the master unit's current. In

eneral, for two supplies, the auto-parallel output current(Io) is

Io = Im + Is = 2Im

where Im = master unit's output current

Is = slave unit's output current

Proportional currents from auto-paralleled units require
equal load-lead volta
the load usin

separate pairs of wire with length chosen
to provide equal volta
not feasible, connect each suppl
terminals usin
connect the distribution terminals to the load with a sin

e drops. Connect each supply to

e drops from pair to pair. If this is

to a pair of distribution

equal- voltage-drop wire pairs, and then

le

pair of leads.

MASTER POWER SUPPLY

MASTER

SLAVE

MASTER

SLAVE

CV CC SENSE

CV CC SENSE

M/S 1 M/S 2

SLAVE POWER SUPPLY

M/S 1 M/S 2

LOCAL

REMOTE

LOCAL

REMOTE

_

+

OUT

+S

+S

-S

LOAD

_

+

OUT

-S

+

CV CC

_

+

CV CC

+

+

__

VREF

_

VREF

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5

Figure 9. Auto-Parallel Operation of Two Supplies

M/S 1 M /S 2

CV CC SENSE

SLAVE

SLAVE POWER SUPPLY

MASTER

M/S 1 M /S 2

CV CC SENSE

SLAVE

SLAVE POWER SUPPLY

MASTER

M/S 1 M /S 2

CV CC SENSE

SLAVE

REMOTE

LOCAL

REMOTE

LOCAL

REMOTE

OUT

+S

_

+

OUT

+S -S

_

+

OUT

+S

-S

CV CC

LOAD

+

+

CV CC VREF A1 A2 A3 A4 A5

+

+

-S

CV CC

VREF

__

__

VREF

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5

Figure 10. Auto-Parallel Operation of Three Supplies

NORMAL SERIES OPERA TION

Series operation of two or more power supplies can be accom­plished up to the output isolation ratin
obtain a hi

her voltage than that available from a single supply.
Series connected supplies can be operated with one load across
both supplies or with a separate load for each suppl
power supplies have a reverse polarit
the output terminals so that if operated in series with other sup­plies, dama
suppl

e will not occur if the load is short-circuited or if one

is turned on separately from its series partners. When this
connection is used, the output volta
of the individual supplies. Each of the individual supplies must be
adjusted in order to obtain the total output volta
shows the rear panel switch settin
normal series operation of two supplies.

POWER SUPPLY

MASTER

LOCAL

+

of any one supply to

. These

diode connected across

e is the sum of the voltages

e. Figure 11

s and terminal connections for

_

__

+

+

Overvoltage Protection. Adjust the desired OVP shutdown limit

the master unit's OVP Adjust control. Set the slave units'

usin
OVP limits above the master's. When a master-unit shuts down,
the master pro
slave unit shuts down, it shuts onl
rent is

rams the slave units to zero voltage output. If a

itself down. If the required cur-

reat enough, the master will switch from CV to CC opera-

tion.

Remote Sensin

connect remote-sense leads onl
the remote-sensin

Remote Analo

auto-parallel operation, set up onl

. To remote sense with auto-parallel operation,

to the master unit according to

instructions.

Voltage Programming. To remote program with

the master unit for remote pro-

M/S 1 M/S 2

POWER SUPPLY

M/S 1 M/S 2

SLAVE

MASTER

SLAVE

CV CC SENSE

REMOTE

LOCAL

CV CC SENSE

REMOTE

OUT

+S -S

LOAD

_

+

OUT

+S

VREF

CV CC

+

-S

CV CC

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5

_

_

+

VREF

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5

Figure 11. Normal Series Operation of Two Supplies

1-11

AUTO-SERIES OPERATION

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(S2)

Auto-series operation permits equal or proportional voltage
sharin

, and allows control of output voltage from one master
unit. The volta
the front panel VOLTAGE control on the master and volta
divider resistor. The master unit must be the most positive sup­pl

of the series. The output CURRENT controls of all series
units are operative and the current limit is equal to the lowest
settin

. If any output CURRENT controls are set too low, auto­matic cross over to constant current operation will occur and the
output volta
panel switch settin
operation of two supplies and three supplies. This mode can

ive ±voltage tracking operation of two supplies with two

also
separate loads.

e of the slaves is determined by the setting of

e will drop. Figure 12 and Figure 13 show the rear

s and terminal connections for Auto-series

above the master unit's current settin

to avoid having the slave

switch to CC operation.
When in CC operation the combined output current is the same

e

as the master unit's current settin
combined output volta
slave unit's output volta

Overvolta

e Protection.

e is the sum of the master unit's and the

es.

Set the OVP shutdown volta
unit so that it shuts down at a volta
durin

auto-series operation. When a master unit shuts down, it pro-

, and when in CV operation the

e in each

e higher than its output voltage

rams any slave units to zero output. When a slave unit shuts down,

it shuts down onl

itself (and any slaves below it in the stack). The
master (and all slaves above the shut-down slave) continues to sup­pl

output voltage.

Mixed model numbers ma

be employed in auto-series combi-

nation without restriction, provided that each slave is specified as

capable of auto-series operation. If the master supply is set

bein
up for constant current operation, then the master-slave combina­tion will act as a composite constant current source.

T otal output voltage to ground must not exceed 240 Vdc.

Determining Resistors.

multiple) of the master unit's volta
the slave unit. Notice that the percenta

e contributed by each supply is independent of the magnitude

a
of the total volta

External resistors control the fraction (or

e setting that is supplied from

e of the total output volt-

e. For two units in auto-series the ratio of R1 to

R2 is

(R1+R2)/R1 = (Vo/Vm)
R2/R1 = (Vs/Vm)

Where Vo = auto-series volta

Vm = master unit's output volta
Vs = slave unit's output volta

For example, usin

the E3617A as a slave unit and putting R2=50

e = Vs + Vm

e

e

kΩ (1/4 watt), then from the above equations,

R1 = R2(Vm/Vs) = 50(Vm/Vs) kΩ

In order to maintain the temperature coefficient and stabilit
mance of the suppl

, choose stable, low noise resistors.

perfor-

MASTER POWER SUPPLY

MASTER

SLAVE

MASTER

SLAVE

CV CC SENSE

CV CC SENSE

M/S 1 M/S 2

SLAVE POWER SUPPLY

M/S 1 M/S 2

LOCAL

REMOTE

LOCAL

REMOTE

_

+

OUT

+S -S

LOAD

_

+

OUT

+S

-S

+

CV CC

_

+

CV CC

+

+

__

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5

VREF

R1 R2

_

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5

VREF

Figure 12. Auto-Series Operation of Two Supplies

MASTER POWER SUPPLY

MASTER

M/S 1 M/S 2

SLAVE

SLAVE POWER SUPPLY(S1)

MASTER

LOCAL

CV CC SENSE

REMOTE

LOCAL

LOAD

_

+

OUT

+S

-S

_

+

+

CV CC

+

+

+

__

VREF

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5

R1 R2

__

M/S 1 M/S 2

It is recommended to connect a 0.1 µF capacitor in paral­lel with R2 in two supplies operation or R2 and R4 in

CV CC SENSE

SLAVE

SLAVE POWER SUPPLY(S2)

MASTER

REMOTE

LOCAL

OUT

+S

-S

_

+

CV CC

+

+

VREF

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5

R3 R4

__

three supplies operation to ensure the stable operation.

Setting Voltage and Current.

set the desired output volta
of the slave unit is disabled. Turnin
master unit will result in a continuous variation of the output of the
series combination, with the contribution of the master's output

e to that of the slave's voltage always remaining in the ratio

volta
of the external resistors. Set the CURRENT control of slave unit

Use the master unit's controls to

e and current. The VOLTAGE control

the voltage control of the

M/S 1 M/S 2

CV CC SENSE

SLAVE

Vo=Vm(1+

ure 13. Auto-Series Operation of Three Supplies

Fi

REMOTE

R2

R4

R2

)

+

R1

R1

R3

OUT

+S

Where Vo = Auto-Series volta

-S

CV CC

Vm = master unit's output volta
Vs1 = slave(S1) unit's output volta
Vs2 = slave

unit's output voltage

VREF

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5

e = Vm + Vs1 + Vs2

e

e

1-12

Remote Sensin

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g

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y

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y

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g

g

g

g

g

g

g

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g

y

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y

y

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g

. To remote sense with auto-series operation,
set SENSE switch of the master unit and set SENSE switch of the
slave unit to remote.

Remote Analo

Voltage Programming. To remote analog pro-

ram with auto-series operation, connect program (external) volt-

es to the "CV" or "CC"" terminal of the master unit and set "CV"

a
or "CC" switch of the master unit to remote.

AUTO-TRACKING OPERATON

Auto-tracking operation of power supplies is similar to auto-series
operation except that the master and slave supplies have the
same output polarit
This operation is useful where simultaneous turn-up, turn-down or
proportional control of all power supplies is required.

Fi

ure 14 and Figure 15 show two and three supplies connected
in auto-trackin
to

ether as a common or ground point. For two units in auto-

a fraction R2/(R1+R2) of the output of the master suppl

trackin
is provided as one of the inputs to the comparison amplifier of the
slave suppl

in an auto-tracking operation must be the positive supply hav-

pl
in

the largest output voltage. Turn-up and turn-down of the

, thus controlling the slave's output. The master sup-

power supplies are controlled b
maintain the temperature coefficient and stabilit
the power suppl
noise, low temperature.

with respect to a common bus or ground.

with their negative output terminals connected

the master supply. In order to

specifications of

, the external resistor should be stable, low

Remote Analo

Programming. To simultaneously remote pro-

ram both units' output voltages, set up only the master unit for

remote volta

instructions. To vary the fraction of the output voltage contri-

min
bution b
in two units operation. To independentl
unit's output current settin
output current accordin

e programming according to the remote program-

the slave unit, connect a variable resistor in place of R2

remote program each

, set up each unit for remote control of

to the instructions under "Remote Pro-

ramming, Constant Current" paragraph.

MASTER POWER SUPPLY

MASTER

SLAVE

MASTER

SLAVE

CV CC SENSE

CV CC SENSE

M/S 1 M/S 2

SLAVE POWER SUPPLY

M/S 1 M/S 2

LOCAL

REMOTE

LOCAL

REMOTE

_

+

OUT

+S -S

LOAD

LOAD

_

+

OUT

+S

-S

+

CV CC

_

+

CV CC

+

+

__

VREF

_

VREF

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5

R1 R2

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5

Figure 14. Auto-Tracking Operation of Two Supplies

Determinin

the master unit's volta
two units in auto-trackin

Resistors. External resistors control the fraction of

e that is supplied from the slave unit. For

the ratio R1 and R2 is

R2/(R1+R2 = (Vs/Vm)
Where Vm = master output volta

Vs = slave output volta

e

e

It is recommended to connect a 0.1 µF capacitor in paral­lel with R2 in two supplies operation or R2 and R4 in
three supplies operation to ensure the stable operation.

Setting Voltage and Current. Use the master unit's VOLTAGE con­trol to set the output volta
CV operation, the master's output volta
volta

e setting, and the slave's output voltage for two units operation

e from both units. When the master is in

e(Vm) is the same as its

is Vm(R2/(R1+R2)). The VOLTAGE control of the slave unit is dis­abled. Set the CURRENT controls of master and slave units above
the required currents to assure CV operation of master and slave
units.

Overvolta

unit so that it shuts down at a volta
a

e during auto-tracking operation. When a master unit shuts
down, it pro
unit shuts down, it shuts down onl

Remote Sensin

e Protection. Set the OVP shutdown voltage in each

e higher than its output volt-

rams any slave units to zero output. When a slave

itself.

. To include remote sensing with auto-trackin
operation independently, set up each unit for remote sensin
according to the remote-sensing instructions under previous

raph.

para

MASTER POWER SUPPLY

MASTER

M/S 1 M/S 2

SLAVE

SLAVE POWER SUPPLY(S1)

MASTER

M/S 1 M/S 2

SLAVE

SLAVE POWER SUPPLY(S2)

MASTER

M/S 1 M/S 2

SLAVE

Vs1 =

R1+

Vs2 =

R3+

Fi

ure 15. Auto-Tracking Operation of Three Supplies

CV CC SENSE

CV CC SENSE

CV CC SENSE

R2

Vm

R2

R4

Vs1

R4

LOCAL

REMOTE

LOCAL

REMOTE

LOCAL

REMOTE

Where

_

+

OUT

+S

+S

+S

-S

LOAD

LOAD

_

+

OUT

-S

LOAD

_

+

OUT

-S

Vm = masters unit's output volta
Vs1 = slave(S1) unit's output volta
Vs2 = slave(S2) unit's output volta

+

CV CC

+

CV CC

+

CV CC

+

+

+

__

VREF

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5

R1 R2

__

VREF

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5

R3 R4

__

VREF

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5

e

e
e

1-13

LOAD CONSIDERATIONS

y

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g cy

y

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g cy

y

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y

y

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g

y

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This section provides information on operating your supply with
various t

PULSE LOADING

The power supply will automatically cross over from constant­volta
(over the preset limit) in the output current. Althou
limit ma
currents (as occur in pulse loadin
rent limit and cause cross over to occur. If this cross over limitin
is not desired, set the preset limit for the peak requirement and
not the avera

REVERSE CURRENT LOADING

An active load connected to the power supply may actuall
deliver a reverse current to the power supply during a portion of
its operatin
pump current into the suppl
ble dama
these effects, it is necessar
load resistor so that the power supply delivers current through the
entire operatin

pes of loads connected to its output.

e to constant current operation in response to an increase

h the preset

be set higher than the average output current, high peak

) may exceed the preset cur-

e.

cle. An external source can not be allowed to

without loss of regulation and possi-

e to the output capacitor of the power supply. To avoid

to preload the supply with a dumm

cle of the load devices.

a. The output impedance of the power suppl

increasin

b. The recover

resistance chan

c. A lar

load occurs when the load resistance is reduced rapidl

frequency.

time of the output voltage is longer for load

es.

e surge current causing a high power dissipation in the

decreases with

.

REVERSE VOL TAGE LOADING

A diode is connected across the output terminals with reverse

. This diode protects the output electrolytic capacitors and

polarit
the series re
a

e applied across the output terminals. For example, in series
operation of two supplies, if the AC is removed from one suppl
the diode prevents dama
would otherwise result from a reverse polarit

Since series re
a

e, another diode is connected across the series transistor. This
diode protects the series re
operation if one suppl
before the other.

ulator transistors from the effects of a reverse volt-

e to the unenergized supply which

voltage.

ulator transistors cannot withstand reverse volt-

ulators in parallel or auto-parallel

of the parallel combination is turned on

BA TTER Y CHARGING

The power supply's OVP circuit contains a crowbar SCR, which
effectivel
an external volta
output, and OVP inadvertentl
sink a large current from the source; possibly damaging the supply.
To avoid this a diode must be connected in series with the output as
shown in Fi

shorts the output of the supply whenever the OVP trips. If

e source such as a battery is connected across the

triggered, the SCR will continuousl

ure 17.

,

Figure 16. Reverse Current Loading Solution

Figure 17. Recommended Protection Circuit for

Batter

OUTPUT CAP ACITANCE

An internal capacitor, connected across the output terminals of
the power suppl
duration durin
added externall
decrease the safet
hi

h-current pulse may damage load components before the

e output current is large enough to cause the current limit-

avera

circuit to operate.

in

The effect of the output capacitor durin
tion are as follows:

, helps to supply high-current pulses of short

constant voltage operation. Any capacitance

will improve the pulse current capability, but will

provided by the current limiting circuit. A

constant current opera-

1-14

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Voltage and Current Programming of the E3614A/15A/16A/
17A with a Voltage and Current Source

Remote analog voltage programming permits control of the regulated output voltage
or current by means of a remotely varied voltage or current. The stability of the
programming voltages directly affects the stability of the output. The voltage control
or current control on the front panel are disabled during analog programming.

NOTE The CV(-) terminal on the rear panel is internally connected to the plus output

terminal. In following connections, it is recommended to use Figure 2, Figure 4, or
Figure 6 if the negative terminal of the “Programming Voltage” is not floted from

its circuits.

Constant Voltage Mode

The programming voltage is not isolated from the power supply output. The power
supply may be programmed with a voltage that is common to either the plus output,
or the minus output.

Programming Voltage Common to the Plus output

Figure 1

Set the CV switch down on the rear panel, and all others up.
V

= 1/A x V

in

V

out

= A x V

out

in

Where V

is the power supply output voltage.

out

V

is the programming voltage.

in

A is the gain factor and the values of each model are as below.

Model A 1/A

E3614A 0.8 1.25
E3515A 2.0 0.5
E3616A 3.5 0.29
E3617A 6.0 0.17

1-10-1

Programming Voltage Common to the Minus Output

Figure 2

Set the CV switch down on the rear panel, and all others up.
V

= 1/A x V

in

V

out

= A x V

out

in

Where V

is the power supply output voltage.

out

V

is the programming voltage.

in

A is the gain factor and the values of each model are as below.

Model A 1/A

E3614A 0.44 2.25
E3515A 0.67 1.5
E3616A 0.78 1.29
E3617A 0.86 1.17

Alternative Voltage Programming Using Resistors

Programming Voltage Common to the Plus Output

Figure 3

The M/S2 switch must be in the down position. For best results, place a 0.1µF capacitor in
parallel with R2.

V

= (R1/R2) x V

in

V

= (R2/R1) x V

out

Where V

R1 and R2 should be in the 1KΩ to 100KΩ range.

out

in

is the power supply output voltage.

out

V

is the programming voltage.

in

1-10-2

Programming Voltage Common to the Minus Output

Figure 4

The output will always be the same or less than the programming voltage.
The M/S2 switch must be in the down position. For best results, place a 0.1µF capacitor

in parallel with R2.
V

= (R1R2) / R2 x V

in

V

= R2 / R1+R2) x V

out

Where V

out

in

is the power supply output voltage.

out

V

is the programming voltage.

in

R1 and R2 should be in the 1KΩ to 100KΩ range.

1-10-3

Constant Current Mode

The E3614A/15A/16A/17A may be programmed for constant current with an analog
voltage or current. Constant current with analog voltage programming can only be
achieved with a voltage source that is common with the positive output terminal.

Constant Current with Voltage Programming

Figure 5

Set the CC switch down the rear panel, and all others up.
V

= 1/A x I

in

I

= A x V

out

out

in

Where I

is the power supply output current.

out

V

is the programming voltage.

in

A is the transconductance in Amp/Volt and the values of each
model are as below.

Model A (A/V) 1/A (V/A)

E3614A 0.6 1.67
E3515A 0.3 3.33
E3616A 0.17 6.0
E3617A 0.1 10

Constant Current with Current Programming

When using current to program the power supply, the source must have a
dynamic range of 10 volts when the programming source is common to the plus
output and 10 volts plus the maximum output voltage expected when the
programming source is common to the minus output of the power supply.

The load to the power supply must be stable for the constant current
output to be accurate. Current transient response is not specified,
and depends on the change of the output voltage of the power supply.

1-10-4

Figure 6

Set the CC switch down, and all others up.
I

= 1/A x I

in

I

out

= A x V

out
in

Where I

is the power supply output current in amps.

out

I

is the programming current in µamps.

in

A is the gain.

Model A (A/µA) 1/A (µV/A)

E3614A 0.055 18
E3515A 0.0278 35.9
E3616A 0.0158 63.4
E3617A 0.00928 108

Programming currents can be increased by adding a resistor across the CC+ and CC-. A
10 volts drop across R1 represents full scale current of the power supply. When a 1 kohm
resistor is added across R1, the programming currents are as follows with the
programming current in mA.

Model A (A/mV) 1/A (mA/A)

E3614A 0.594 1.69 1.7
E3515A 0.297 3.37 3.45
E3616A 0.168 5.95 6.28
E3617A 0.0989 1.01 11.2

Parallel resistor required for a

1 amp/mamp value of A (kohm)

Current Monitoring

Current of the power supply can be monitored across the internal current monitoring
resistor. One side of the resistor is at the +output and A3; the other side of the resistor
is at A1. The table below shows the resistor value and conversion factors. To obtain
the current divide the measured voltage by the resistor value or multiply the amps/V
times the voltage measured.

Model

E3614A 0.1 10
E3515A 0.2 5
E3616A 0.6 1.67
E3617A 0.89 1.12

Resistor

value (

Ω)

1-10-5

amps/V

Voltage and Current Programming of the
E3614A/15A/16A/17A with Resistors

Remote programming with resistors permits control of the regulated output or current
by means of a remotely varied resistor. The sum of the resistance of external
programming resistors (R1 + R2) should be more than 40 kohm. T o have more pr ecise
output voltage, use a variable resistor mor e than 40 kohm. The voltage control on the
front panel is disabled during remote resistor programming.

NOTE Do not operate the power supply simultaneously in the remote analog voltage

programming and in the remote resistor programming.

Remote Resistor Programming Connections

Remote resistor programming requires changing the setting of the switches and

connecting external resistors between “+” and “`-” terminals of “CV” and “VREF”
terminal or “+” and “-” terminals of “CC” and “VREF” terminal. Any noise picked up
on the programming leads will appear on the power supply's output and may degrade
regulation. To reduce noise pickup, use a twisted or shielded pair of wires for
programming, with the shield grounded at one end only.

Remote Resistor Programming, Constant Voltage

Figure 7

Set the CV switch down on the rear panel, and all others up.
V

= A x [V

out

Where V

x {R/(R + R2 + 100)}]

REF

is the power supply output voltage.

out

A is the gain factor and the values of each model are as below.
V

is between 10.11 V and 11.40 V.

REF

R = (92800 x R1)/(92800 + R1)
R1 + R2 > 40 kohm

Model A

E3614A 0.8
E3515A 2.0
E3616A 3.5
E3617A 6.0

1-10-6

Remote Resistor Programming, Constant Current

Figure 8

Set the CC switch down on the rear panel, and all others up.
I

= A x [V

out

Where I

x {R/(R + R2 + 100)}]

REF

is the power supply output current.

out

A is the gain factor and the values of each model are as below.
V

is between 10.11 V and 11.40 V.

REF

R = (92800 x R1)/(92800 + R1)
R1 + R2>> 40 kohm

Model A

E3614A 0.6
E3515A 0.3
E3616A 0.17
E3617A 0.1

1-10-7

Manual Update

In order to maintain a consistent appearance across all Hewlett-Packard products, the colors on the
following rack mounting kits have been changed. Refer to this update when ordering replacement
parts. This update also provide information to correct manual errors or changes.

Manual Identification

This update is used with the Operating and Service Guide of the

and E3617A Lab Bench DC Power Supplies

Manual Part Number: 5959-5310. Manual Print Date: August 1999 (Edition 7).

For Instruments with Serial Numbers >KR71802489 for E3614A

>KR71804835 for E3615A
>KR71802033 for E3616A
>KR71802075 for E3617A

Make the following changes to the Table 1, Specifications and Operating Characteristics on page 1-5.

1. Meter Accuracy Specification at the Table 1, change as follows:
From: ± 0.5 % of full scale + 2 counts at 25 °C ± 5 °C
To: ± (0.5 % of output + 2 counts) at 25 °C ± 5 °C

2. Remote Analog Voltage Programming (25 ± 5 °C) paragraph at the Table 1, change as follows:
From: Voltage:
To: Voltage:

Accuracy 0.5% Current: Accuracy 0.5%
Linearity 0.5% Current: Linearity 0.5%

.

HP E3614A, E3615A, E3616A,

Rack Mounting Kits

The part numbers for the new rack mounting kits for the E3614A, E3615A, E3616A, and E3617A are
listed below.

¨

To rack mount a single instrument, order:

Adapter Kit : 5063-9240

¨

To rack mount two instruments side by side, order:

Lock-Link Kit : 5061-9694
Flange Kit : 5063-9212

¨

To rack mount one or two instruments in a sliding support shelf, order:

Shelf : 5063-9255
Slide Kit : 1494-0015
(for a single instrument, also order filler panel 5002-3999)

Ó

Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company 1999

Printed in Korea August 1999 E0899

*E3614-90093*

E3614-90093

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