Agilent 8473C Service Manual

Agilent 8473B/C Crystal
Detector

Operating and Service
Manual

Agilent Part Number: 08473-90003
Printed in USA
Print Date: J une 2001
Supersedes: May 1990

Notice

The information contained in this document is subject to change
without notice.

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to this material, including, but not limited to, the implied
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or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the
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Agilent Technologies.

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R
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in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS

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Agilent Te chnologies, Inc.
1400 Fountaingrove Parkway
Santa Rosa, CA 95403-1799, U.S.A.

© Copyright 1990, 2001 Agilent Technologies, Inc.

ii Agilent 8473B/C Operating and Service Manual

In This Manual…

Overview, page 1

•

• Specifications, page 2

• Installation, page 4

• Storage and Shipment, page 5

• Operation, page 6

Operator’s Checks, page 8

• Performance Tests, page 9

Adjustments, page 10

• Service, page 11

“Replaceable Parts” on page 11

Agilent 8473B/C Operating and Service Manual iii

Warranty

Custom systems are warranted by contractual agreement between
Agilent Technologies and the customer.

Certification Agilent Technologies, Inc., certifies that this product met its

published specifications at the time of shipment from the factory.
Agilent Technologies further certifies that its calibration
measurements are traceable to th e United St ates Nat ional In stitute
of Standards and Technology (NIST, formerly NBS), to the extent

allowed by the Institute’ s cali bration facili ty, and to the calibration
facilities of other Interna tional Standards Organization member s.

Warranty This Agilent Tec hnologies system product is warranted against

defects in materials and workmanship for a period corresponding
to the individual warranty periods of its compon ent products.
Instruments are warranted for a period of one year. During the
warranty period, Agilent Technologies will, at its option, either
repair or replace products that prove to be defective.

Warranty service for products installed by Agilent Technologies
and certain other products designated b y Agilent T echnologies will

be performed at Buyer’s facility at no charge within Agilent
Technologies service travel areas. Outside Agilent Technologies
service travel areas, w arranty service will be per formed at Buyer’ s
facility only upon Agilent Technologies’ prior agreement and
Buyer shall pay Agilent Technologies’ round trip travel expenses.
In all other areas, products must be returned to a service facility
designated by Agilent Technologies.

For products returned to Agilent Technologies for warranty
service, Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to Agilent
Tec hnologies and Agilent T echnologies shall pay shipping charges
to return the product to Buyer. However, Buyer shall pay all
shipping charges, duties, and taxes for products returned to
Agilent Technologies from another country.

Agilent Technologies warrants that its software and firmware
designated by Agilent Technologies for use with an instrument
will execute its programming instructions when properly installed
on that instrument. Agilent Technologies does not warra nt that
the operation of the instrument, or software, or firmware will be
uninterrupted or error free.

iv Agilent 8473B/C Operating and Service Manual

LIMITATION OF WARRANTY. The foregoing warranty shall
not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate
maintenance by Buyer, Buyer-supplied software or interfacing ,
unauthorized modification or misuse, operation outside of the
environmental specifications for the product, or improper site
preparation or maintenance.

NO OTHER WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED.
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR MERCHANTABILITY AND
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES. THE REMEDIES PROVIDED

HEREIN ARE BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES.
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR
ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER BASED ON
CONTRACT, TORT, OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY.

YEAR 2000. Agilent Technologies warrants that each Agilent
Tec hnologies hardware, software, and f irmware product on Agilent
Technologies’ Corporate Price List (dated July 1, 1998 or later)
delivered under the product’s contract of sale will be able to
accurately process date data (including, but not limited to,
calculating, comparing, and sequencing) from, into, and between
the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, and the years 1999 and
2000, including leap year calculations, when used in accordance
with the product documentation provided that all other products
(that is, hardware, software, firmware) used in combination with
such Agilent Technologies product(s) properly exchange date data
with it. If the agreement requires that specific Agilent
Technologies products must perform as a system in accordance
with the foregoing warranty, then that warranty will apply to
those Agilent Technologies products as a system, and Customer
retains sole responsibility to ensure the year 2000 readiness of its
information technology and business environment. The duration
of this warranty extends through January 31, 2001.

The remedies available under this warranty will be defined in,
and subject to, the terms and limitations of the warranties
contained in the contract of sale. To the extent permitted by local
law, this warranty applies only to branded Agilent Technologies
products and not to products manufacture by others that may be
sold or distributed by Agilent Technologies. Nothing in this
warranty will be construed to limit any rights or remedies
provided elsewhere in the contract of sale with res pect to matters
other than year 2000 compliance.

Agilent 8473B/C Operating and Service Manual v

Assistance Product maintenance agreements and other customer assistance

agreements are available for Agilent Technologies products.
For assistance, call your local Agilent Technologies Sales and

Service Office (refer to “Service and Support” on page vii).

vi Agilent 8473B/C Operating and Service Manual

Service and Support

By internet, phone, or fax, get assistanc e wit h al l your test and measure m ent
needs.

Online assistance: www.agilent.com/find/assist
United States

(tel) 1 800 452 4844

New Zealand

(tel) 0 800 738 378
(fax) ([phone]

Latin America

(tel) [phone]
(fax) [phone]

Japan

(tel) ([phone]
(fax) ([phone]

Canada

(tel) 1 877 894 4414
(fax) [phone]

Australia

(tel) 1 800 629 485
(fax) ([phone]

Asia Call Center Numbers

Country Phone Number Fax Number

Singapore 1-800-375-8100 (65) 836-0252
Malaysia 1-800-828-848 1-800-801664
Philippines (632) 8426802

1-800-16510170 (PLDT Subscriber
Only)

Thailand [phone] (outside Bangkok)

[phone] (within Bangkok)

Hong Kong 800-930-871 (852) 2506 9233

(632) 8426809
1-800-16510288 (PLDT
Subscriber Only)

(66) 1-661-3714

Europe

(tel) ([phone]
(fax) ([phone]

Taiwan 0800-047-866 (886) 2 25456723

People’s Republic of
China

India 1-600-11-2929 000-800-650-1101

800-810-0189 (preferred)
10800-650-0021

10800-650-0121

Agilent 8473B/C Operating and Service Manual vii

Safety and Regulatory Information

Review this product and related documentation to famili arize
yourself with safety markings and instructions before you operate
the instr u m e nt. This pr oduct has be en design e d and teste d in
accordance with international standards.

WARNING The WARNING notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention

to a procedure, practice, or the like, that, if not correctly
performed or adhered to, could result in personal injury.
Do not proceed beyond a WARNING notice until the
indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

CAUTION The CAUTION notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an

operating procedure, practice, or the like, which, if not correctly
performed or adhered to, could result in damage to the product or
loss of important data. Do not pro cee d beyond a CAUT I ON notice
until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

Instrument
Markings

When you see this symbol on your instrument, you should refer to the

instrument’s instruction manual for important information.

!

This symbol indicates hazardous voltages.

The laser radiation symbol is marked on products that have a laser output.

This symbol indicates that the instrument requires alternating current (ac) input.

The CE mark is a registered trademark of the European Community. If it is
accompanied by a year, it indicates the year the design was proven.

The C-Tick mark is a registered trademark of the Australian Spectrum Agency.

The CSA mark is a registered trademark of the Canadian Standards
Association.

viii Agilent 8473B/C Operating and Service Manual

1SM1-A This text indicates that the instrument is an Industrial Scientific and Medical

Group 1 Class A product (CISPER 11, Clause 4).
This symbol indicates that the power line switch is ON.

This symbol indicates that the power line switch is OFF or in STANDBY
position.

Safety Earth
Ground

Before Applying
Power

This is a Safety Class I product (provided with a protective
earthing terminal). An uninterruptible safety earth ground must
be provided from the main power source to the product input
wiring terminals, power cord, or supplied power cord set.
Whenever it is likely that the protection has been impaired, the
product must be made inoperative and secured against any
unintended operation.

Verify that the product is configured to match the available main
power source as described in the input power configuration
instructions in this manual. If this product is to be powered by
autotransformer, make sure the common terminal is connected to
the neutral (grounded) side of the ac power supply.

Agilent 8473B/C Operating and Service Manual ix

Overview

This manual contains operating instructions for the Agilent
Technologies 8473B and 8473C Crystal Detectors. Included in the
manual is the information required to install and test the crystal
detector.

Description The Agilent 8473B and 8473C crystal detector is a 50W (nominal)

device designed for measurement use in coaxial systems. The
detector converts RF power levels applied to the 50
connector into proportional values of dc voltage . The RF input
connector is a male APC 3.5 type connector (SMA compatible). The
detector module uses a Low Barrier Schottky diode and thin film
matching circuit that yield high sensitivity and broadband
performance. The detector measures relative power up to 200mW
and has a BNC female connector for the output jack which allows
the detected output to be connecte d to a SWR meter. The output
voltage polarity is negative, unless Option 003 is selected. The
frequency range is 10 MHz to 18 GHz for the 8473B, and 10 MHz
to 26.5 GHz for the 8473C. Complete spec ifications for the crystal
detectors are available in Table 1.

W input

Options The crystal detector is available with the following options (see

Table 1 for further descriptions):

Option 001:

Matched pair of detectors.

Option 002:

Square law load.

Option 003:

Positiv e polarity output.

Agilent 8473B/C Operating and Service Manual 1

Specifications

Specifications

Instrument specifications are listed in Table 1. These
specifications are the performance standards, or limits against
which the instrument may be tested.

NOTE RF may leak through the output connector, especially below 1

GHz. It can be reduced, if objectionable, with a suitable low-pass
filter.

Table 1 Specifications

8473B 8473C

Frequency range (GHz) 0.01 to 18 0.01 to 26.5
Frequency response

1, 2, 3

±0.2 dB over any octave to 8 GHz

0.01 to 12 .4 GHz: ±0.3 dB

0.01 to 18 GHz: ±0.6 dB

±0.2 dB over any octave to 8 GHz

0.01 to 12 .4 GHz: ±0.3 dB

0.01 to 20 GHz: ±0.6 dB
20 to 26.5 GHz: ±1.5 dB

from a −3.3 dB linear slope.

Maximum Operating input power 200 mW, peak or average 200 mW, peak or average
Maximum short term input power 1 watt (typical) peak or average for <1 minute 1 watt (typical) peak or average for <1 minute

1, 2

1, 4

18 to 26.5 GHz: >0.18 mV/ µW

0.01 to 4 GHz: 1.2
4 GHz to 18 GHz: 1.5

2

1 to 2 KΩ (typically 1.3 KΩ)
shunted by 20 to 60 pF (typically 30 pF)

replacement modules)

output, 400 kHz bandwidth

0.01 to 4 GHz: 1.2
4 to 18 GHz: 1.5
18 to 26.5 GHz: 2.2

1 to 2 KΩ (typically 1.3 KΩ)
shunted by 20 to 60 pF (typically 30 pF)

Supplied (refer to Table 2 on page 12 for
replacement modules)

<50 µV p-p with CW applied to produce 100 mV
output, 400 kHz bandwidt

Sensitivity

Low level <−20 dBm >0.5 mV/ µW 0.01 to 18 GHz: >0.5 mV/ µW

High level <0.35 mW produces 100 mV output <−0.35 mW produces 100 mV output up to 18 GHz

SWR

Input impedance 50Ω (nominal) 50Ω (nomin al)
Output impedance

Output polarity Negative (refer to options for positive polarity units) Negative (refer to options for positive polarity units)

Detector element Supplied (refer to Table2 on page12 for

Bias Not required Not required
Noise <50 µV p-p with CW applied to produce 100 mV

2 Agilent 8473B/C Operating and Service Manual

Options

Specifications

Table 1 Specifications

8473B 8473C

001
Frequency response

characteristics (exclusive of basic
sensitivity) track within values listed
to the right.

002
By choosing Option 002, the

deviation from ideal square law
response will be ±0.5 dB, although
the sensitivity specification is
decreased by a factor of 4.

003 Positive polarity output Positive polarity output

Environmental

Operating Temperature −20° C to +85° C −20° C to +85° C
Humidity <95% relative <95% relative
Vibration 20 G from 80 to 2,000 Hz 20 G from 80 to 2,000 Hz
Shock 100 G for 11 ms 100 G for 11 ms
Altitude 4,570 m (15, 000 ft.) 4,570 m (15, 000 ft.)

General

Matched detector pair

0.01 to 12.4 GHz: ±0.2 dB

0.01 to 18 GHz: ±0.3 dB

Square law load Square law load

Matched detector pair

0.01 to 12.4 GHz: ±0.2 dB

0.01 to 18 GHz: ±0.3 dB

0.01 to 26.5 GHz: ±0.5 dB

Weight Net 14 g (0.5 oz) Net 14 g (0.5 oz)
Dimensions 48 mm long, 10 mm diameter (1.9 in. long, 0.38 in.

diameter)

1. Specifications given for +25° C unless otherwise noted.

2. Measurement made at −20 dBm.

3. See Figure 1 on page 7.

4. Sensitivity decreases with increasing temperature, typically:

0.5 dB from −20° C to +25° C; 0.5 dB from +25° C to +40° C;
1 dB from +40° C to +55° C; 1.25 dB from +55° C to +75° C;
1 dB from +75° C to +85° C.

48 mm long, 10 mm diameter (1.9 in. long, 0.38 in.
diameter)

Agilent 8473B/C Operating and Service Manual 3

Installation

Installation

Initial Inspection Inspect the shipping container for damage. If the shipping

container or cushioning material is damaged, it should be kept
until the contents of the shipment have been checked for
completeness and the instrument has been checked mechanically
and electrically.

The procedures for checking electrical performances are given
under “Perf orm ance Tests” on pag e 9. If the contents are

incomplete, if there is mechanical damage or defect , or if the
instrument does not pass the electrical performance test, notify
the nearest Agilent office (refer to “Service and Support” on

page vii). If the shipping container is damaged, or the cushioning

material shows signs of stress, notify the carrier as well as the
Agilent office. Keep the shipping materials for the carrier’s
inspection. At Agilent’s opt ion, the office will arrange for rep air or
replacement without waiting for claim settlement.

Mating Connectors

The mating output connector used with the crys tal detector must
be a male BNC connector. The mating RF input connector must be
a female APC 3.5 (SMA compatible) connector.

4 Agilent 8473B/C Operating and Service Manual

Storage and Shipment

Storage and Shipment

Environment The instrument should be stored in a clean, dry environment. The

following environmental limitations apply to both storage and
shipment:

a. Temperature: -54× C to +85× C

b. Humidity: <95% relative
c. Altitude: <7,620 metres (25,000 fe et)
d. Shock: 100 G for 11 ms
e. Vibration: 20 G from 80 to 2,000 Hz

Original Packaging

Containers and materials identical to those used in factory
packaging are available through Agilent offices. If the instrument
is being returned to Agilent for servicing, attach a tag indicating
the type of service required, return address, model number, and
serial number. Also, mark the container FRAGILE to assure
careful handling. In any correspond ence, refer to the instrument
by model number and serial number.

Agilent 8473B/C Operating and Service Manual 5

Operation

Operation

CAUTION Static discharge can damage the detector module. A 100 pF

capacitor (1.2 m [4 ft.] of c oax cable) char ged to 14 volts sto res 10
joules, the maximum pulse rating of the de tector module . Conne ct
cables to test equipment and d ischarge the center c onductor before
connecting to the detector.

CAUTION DO NOT NEEDLESSL Y HANDLE DETECTOR MODULE USED

IN CRYSTAL DETECTOR. Static electricity which builds up on a
person, especially on a cold dry day, must never be allowed to
discharge through the crystal detector. Avoid exposed leads to or
from the crystal detector, since these are often touched accidently.

Operating Information

The crystal detector can be used as a demodulator to obtain a
pulse envelope which can then be observed on an oscilloscope. It
can also be used as a general purpose detector.

When using the detecto r with an oscill oscope , and the w aves hapes
to be observed have rise times of less than 5 ms, the coaxial cable
connecting oscilloscope and detector should be as short as po ssible
and shunted with a resistor. Ideally, this resistor should be 50W to
terminate the coaxial cable properly. However, with 50W
resistance, the output video pulse may be too small to drive some
oscilloscopes. Therefor e, the cable should be shunted with the
smallest value of resistance that will obtain suitable deflection on
the oscilloscope; typically the value will lie between 50W and 2
KW. The larger the resistance the more degration of rise tim e.

-8

The power applied to the detector can be either modulated or
continuous wave (CW). If modulated at a 1,000 Hz rate, an SWR
meter can be used as an indicator. For CW detection, a dc
milliammeter or millivoltmeter can be used as the indicator.

6 Agilent 8473B/C Operating and Service Manual

Operation

Frequency Response

The thin film input matching circuit was optimized for flat
frequency response, and low SWR which yields improved
performance in leveling loops and power monitoring applications.

Figure 1 shows the typical frequency response of the crystal

detector.

Figure 1 Typical Fre quency Response of 8473B or 8473C Detector

Figure 2 Peak Power Measurement

Agilent 8473B/C Operating and Service Manual 7

Operation

Operator’s Checks

Peak Power Measurement

The arrangement of equipment for peak power measurement is
shown in Figure 2. The procedure involves calibration of an
oscilloscope which, in turn, is used to calibrate a CW generator.
The output of the calibrated CW generator is measured with a
power meter; the peak power of a pulse is ther eby measured. The
procedure is as follows:

1. Connect equipment as shown in Figure 2, step 1. Observe
pulse on a dc-coupled oscilloscope. Using a marking pencil,
mark on the graticule the base-to-peak amplitude of the pulse
envelope.

2. Replace the pulse source with a CW generator. While
observing the oscilloscope trace, adjust amplitude of CW
generator output to make detector output equal to that of the
pulse generator, as indicated by markings on graticule (step 1).

3. Leave CW generator at setting obtained in step 2. Disconnect
detector from CW generator. Connect output of CW generator
to power meter. Measure adjusted levels (set in step 2) of CW
generator output. The peak power of the pulse envelope
observed in step 1 is equal to the output power of the CW
generator.

8 Agilent 8473B/C Operating and Service Manual

Performance Tests

Perf ormance Tests

The following paragraphs suggest methods to use for testing
detector specifications. For these tests refer to the manuals of the
equipment involved for operating instructions.

Frequency Response Test

NOTE Multiple mismatch errors caused by attenuator SWR, power

1. Using signal sources covering 10 MHz to 26.5 GHz with a 10
dB isolating attenuator and a power meter, connect power
sensor to attenuator. Adjust RF power level to -20 dBm input
to power sensor .

2. Without changing RF power level of signal source, disconnect
power sensor.

3. Connect detector to attenuator. Measure dc voltage output
from detector output fro m detector and record measuremen t.

4. Change frequency of signal source and repeat steps 1 through

3.

5. Since the detector follows a square-law response at this power

level, it’s output is proportional to power (P
Total variation of detector readings should meet specificatio ns
(see Table 1 on page 2) for all frequencies of intere st ac ross the
band.

sensor SWR, and detector SWR should be taken into account, as
well as the accuracy of the indicator used to measure the detector
output.

a 10 log Vo).

dB

High Level Sensitivity Test

1. Use a signal source at some convenient frequency between 10
MHz and 18 GHz and a dc voltmeter or oscilloscope as the
indicator. Connect the detector to signal source and adjust RF
power level for a 100 mV detected output from detector.

2. Disconnect detector from signal source and measure RF output
level. The RF output level should be £0.35 mW.

Agilent 8473B/C Operating and Service Manual 9

Performance Tests

Low Level Sensitivity Test

NOTE Multiple mismatch errors caused by attenutator SWR, power

1. Use a signal source covering 10 MHz to 18 GHz for the 8473B
or 10 MHz to 26.5 GHz for the 8473C, a 10 dB attenuator, and
a power meter. Connect attenuator to signal source and power
sensor to attenuator. Adjust RF power level for -20 dBm output
from attenuator. Verify the ambient temperature.

2. Disconnect power sensor from attenuator and connect detector.
Measure the dc voltage output from detector. The output
should be >5.0 mV up to 186 GHz for t he 8473B/C and >1. 8 mV
from 18 to 26.5 GHz for the 8473C at 25× C. Between 20× C

and 30× C with -20 dBm input power and a high impedance
video load the sensitivity slope is typically -0.04 dB/× C.

sensor SWR, and detector SWR should be taken into account, as
well as accuracy of the indicator used to measure detector output.

Match Test (SWR) To verify the detector SWR specifications, use any system whose

measurement accuracies for SWR (residual SWR) are known.

Adjustments

The detector has no internal adjustments.

10 Agilent 8473B/C Operating and Service Manual

Service

Service

The succeeding paragraphs give instructions for repair of the
crystal detector. Additional maintenance information can be
obtained from the local Agilent office. Part numbers for
replaceable parts are given in Table 2 on page 12.

Replaceable Parts

To ord er a replaceable part, address order or inquiry to the
nearest Agilent office (refer to “Service and Support” on page vii).

Include the following information for each part: model number,
Agilent part number, and description.

Diode Module Replacement

CAUTION The special diode module (see Figure 3 on page 13) contained in

The diode module assembly includes the sealed diode and thin
film matching circuit. All other internal parts are to be retained
for re-use in the detector. The detector is operational after the
diode module has been replaced since replacement assemblies are
pre-tested.

the detector can be damaged in handling, removal, or installation
if certain precautions are not taken. The handling precautions
which follow should be read before performance of any operation
with the diode module when it is out of either the housing or the
module shipping container.

a. Before installing diode module into housing , touc h exposed

metal on housing with your hand to discharge static
electricity. Then insert module into housing.

b. When handing diode to anot her person, touch hands fir st to

ensure there is no difference in static electricity potential
between you.

c. Ohmmeters should not be used to measure forward and

back resistance since it is easy to damage these diodes . The
difficulty arises because of the ohmmeter’s open-circuit
voltages and short currents.

Agilent 8473B/C Operating and Service Manual 11

Service

Replacing Diode Module

CAUTION The diode module can be damaged in handling or installation if

precautions are not taken. Before installing the di ode module into
the connector housing, touch the exp ose d metal of the connector
housing with your hands to discharge static electricity.

Table 2 Replaceable Parts

Description Part Number
8473B and 8473C Assemblies

BNC Connector Cap
Output Pin
RF Connector Housing
RF Washer (2)
Diode Module

Replacement Diode Module Assemblies

Single Diode Negative Polarity
Single Diode Positive Polarity (Option 003)
Matched Pair Diodes Negative Polarity (Option 001)

1

1250-1514
08473-60001
08473-60002
33330-20006
Below

1

8473B

08473-80001
08473-80003
08473-80002

8473C

08473-80004
08473-80006
08473-80005

1. Refer to Table 1 on page2 for description of options.

NOTE Parts mentioned in the following procedure are identified in

Figure 3 on page 13.

1. Remove the RF connector housing from BNC connector cap
using 5/16 inch wrench and plastic jaw pliers. Protect crystal
detector body with heavy paper or tape.

2. Remove the diode module RF washer and output pin assembly.

CAUTION Do not rotate module while inserting or removing; damage may

result.

CAUTION When inserting diode module (large pin end) into center

conductor, exercise some restraint, do not force. The fingers of the
center conductor or the diode module might be damaged if the
module is not centered.

12 Agilent 8473B/C Operating and Service Manual

3. Install the RF washer and diode module as shown in Figure 3.
Insert the larger diameter pin into the center conductor
contacts of the RF connector housing. Do not rotate the
module.

4. Place the other RF washer on the diode module as shown.

5. Install the output pin assembly on the diode module as shown.

6. Carefully place BNC connector cap over the diode module and
tighten firmly into place.

CAUTION Do not exceed 0.8 NÞm (7 inch-lbs) torque.

Service

Figure 3 Model 8473B or 8473C Crystal Detector Assembly

Agilent 8473B/C Operating and Service Manual 13