Agilent 83480A User's Guide

User's Guide

HP

83480A

Analyzer

,

HP 54750A Oscilloscope

HP Part No. 83480-90027

Printed in USA September 1997

Hewlett-Packard Company

Lightwave Operations

1400 Fountaingrove Parkway

Santa Rosa, CA

95403-1799, USA

(707) 577-1400

Notice.

without

to

The information contained in this document is subject to change

notice

material,

this

merchantability

for

liable

be

not

connection

damages

in

material.

Restricted

Government

the

of

252.227-7013

Commercial

other

Regulatory

Rights

Computer

agencies

Information.

is

in

for

information.

Hewlett-P

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including

and tness

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with

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to

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agencies

Software

The

limited

herein

no

to

or

makes

not

particular

a

furnishing,

duplication,

,

set

as

and Computer

subparagraphs

and

,

Restricted

matter

front

warranty

implied

the

,

purpose

for

.

incidental

performance

disclosure

or

forth in

subparagraph

Software

(c) (1)

this

clause

book

Rights

of

kind

any

of

warranties

Hewlett-P

consequential

or

use

or

,

by

clause

and

FAR

at

contains

regard

with

of

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U

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

Copyright Hewlett-P

ackard Company 1997

written permission is prohibited, except as allowed under the copyright laws.

CAUTION

Safety Symbols

The following safety symbols are used throughout this manual. Familiarize

yourself with each of the symbols and its meaning before operating this

instrument.

The

caution

sign denotes a hazard to the instrument. It calls attention to a

procedure which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in

damage to or destruction of the instrument. Do not proceed beyond a

caution

sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

the

necessary

is

a

life-threatening

.

are

Do

manual

refer

a

correctly

proceed

not

understood

fully

symbol.

instructions

the

to

performed

product

The

in

denotes

warning

G

N

I

N

R

A

W

The

procedure

injury

in

indicated

Instruction

Manual

sign

which,

of

loss

or

conditions

instruction

The

user

the

for

if

life

not

to

hazard.

or

beyond

and

marked

is

manual.

the

met.

It

adhered

a

warning

this symbol

with

, could

to

sign until

when

result

it

attention to

calls

L

,

year

a

y

CE

ISM 1-A

accompanied

CE

The

it's when

is

mark

the design

registered

a

was proven).

trademark

Community

European

the

of

(if

This is a symbol of an Industrial Scientic and Medical Group 1 Class A product.

b

The CSA mark is a registered trademark of the Canadian Standards Association.

j

The line power on symbol.



The line power o symbol.

iii

General Safety Considerations

WARNING

IN

RN

WA

N

I

N

R

A

W

N

I

N

R

A

W

N

I

N

AR

W

Before this instrument is switched on

, make sure it has been properly

grounded through the protective conductor of the ac power cable to a

socket outlet provided with protective earth contact.

Any interruption of the protective (grounding) conductor, inside or

outside the instrument, or disconnection of the protective earth terminal

can result in personal injury.

of

a

in

only

materials

or

cause

the

only

the

by

normal

with

by

is

G

There

personal injury

are

.Be

points

many

Any adjustments

protective covers

instrument

trained

this

G

If

equipment

condition

continued

or

G

F

same

with

service

instrument

could

which

(in

and

type

personnel.

protection

ratings

in

extremely careful.

or service

not

is

impaired.

be

all

procedures that

as

used

This

means

for

against

nA/nV). The

(type

removed should

specied,

protection

re hazard,

instrument

the

which

instrument

use of

can,

require operation

performed

be

protection

the

used

be

must

intact)

are

replace

other

only

line

fuses

provided

.

fuse

contacted,

if

prohibited.

remain

may

its

that

power

supply

internal

connected

power cord

G

The

5 seconds

for

is

disconnecting

after

to

the

capacitors

from

plug

live

.

CAUTION

Before this instrument is switched on,

make sure its primary power circuitry

has been adapted to the voltage of the ac power source.

Failure to set the ac power input to the correct voltage could cause damage to

instrument

the

is

This

Safety

a

when

Class

ac

the

Product

1

power

cable

(provided with

plugged

is

incorporated in the power cord). The mains plug shall only be

socket outlet provided with

the protective conductor inside or

the instrument dangerous

a protective earth contact. Any interruption of

outside of the instrument is likely to make

. Intentional interruption is

in.

protective

a

earthing

prohibited.

ground

inserted in a

iv

CAUTION

Always use the three-prong ac power cord supplied with this instrument.

Failure to ensure adequate earth grounding by not using this cord may cause

instrument damage.

CAUTION

N

O

I

T

U

A

C

This instrument is designed for use in INSTALLATION CATEGORY II and

POLLUTION DEGREE 2 per IEC 1010 and 664 respectively.

Ventilation requirements: When installing the instrument in a cabinet,

the convection into and out of the instrument must not be restricted. The

ambient temperature (outside the cabinet) must be less than the maximum

operating temperature of the instrument by 4C for every 100 watts

dissipated in

greater than

circuits

input

The

damage

of

applying

static

connecting

conductors

outer

and

connectors

input

instrument

the

electrical

The

54750A

HP

the cabinet.

800 watts

misuse

to

due

discharges

coaxial

any

without rst

is properly

ports of

very sensitive

,are

the

If

,then

damaged

be

can

not

is

to

cable

the

of

earth-grounded

plug-in modules

total

forced

covered

front-panel

the

to

together

touching

electrostatic

to

power

convection

electrostatic

by

under

connectors

.

the

to

used

,

dissipated

must

warranty

connectors

input

momentarily

,

touching

void

A

of

frame

prevent

the

with

discharge

the

in

used.

be

discharge

Therefore

.

instrument.

the

buildup

83480A

HP

.

cabinet

(ESD).

.

short

the

of

is

Repair

avoid

,

Before

center

the

front-panel

Be

charge

static

and

sure

NOTE

This instrument has been designed and tested in accordance with IEC Publication 1010.1, and has been

supplied in a safe condition. The instruction documentation contains information and warnings which

must be followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to maintain the instrument in a safe

condition.

.

v

NOTE

Clean the cabinet using a damp cloth only.

vi

X-Ray Radiation Notice

vii

Declaration of Conformity

viii

Additional Information

The following table lists additional performance information for the EMC

product specications listed in the

EMC Product Specication Performance Code

IEC 801-2:1991 /EN 50082-1 (1992): 4kV CD,8kVAD PASS - Temporary degradation, self-recoverable.

Declaration of Conformity

.

IEC 801-3:1984 /EN 50082-1 (1992); 3 V/m, (1 kHz 80%

AM, 27-1000 MHz)

IEC 801-4:1988 /EN 50082-1 (1992): 0.5 kV Sig Lines, 1kV

Power Lines

PASS - Temporary degradation, self-recoverable.

PASS - Normal operation, no eect.

ix

Typeface Conventions

WARNING

N

O

I

T

U

A

C

4

Front-Panel Key

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Softkey

Screen Text

This symbol will appear along with bold print to highlight a warning.

symbol

This

5

This represents a key physically located on the instrument.

This indicates a \softkey," a key whose label is determined

by the rmware of the instrument.

This indicates text displayed on the instrument's screen.

required.

is

will

appear

when

special

care

x

Certication

Hewlett-Packard Company certies that this product met its published

specications at the time of shipment from the factory.Hewlett-Packard

further certies that its calibration measurements are traceable to the United

States National Institute of Standards and Technology, to the extent allowed

by the Institute's calibration facility, and to the calibration facilities of other

International Standards Organization members.

xi

Warranty

This Hewlett-Packard instrument product is warranted against defects in

material and workmanship for a period of one year from date of shipment.

During the warranty period, Hewlett-Packard Company will, at its option,

either repair or replace products which prove to be defective.

For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a service

facility designated by Hewlett-Packard. Buyer shall prepay shipping charges

to Hewlett-Packard and Hewlett-Packard shall pay shipping charges to return

duties

product

the

and taxes

.

Buyer

to

for products

However

,

returned to

Buyer

shall

Hewlett-Packard

pay

shipping

all

from

charges

another

,

country

.

,

Hewlett-Packard

Hewlett-P

instructions

does

rmware

Limit

The

or

ackard

when

warrant

not

be

will

of

tion

a

foregoing

inadequate

interfacing,

environmental

maintenance

or

NO

OTHER

W

warrants that

for use

with an

properly installed

the

that

uninterrupted

arranty

W

warranty

maintenance

unauthorized

specications

.

ARRANTY

its software

instrument

operation

error-free

or

not

shall

Buyer

by

modication

for

EXPRESSED

IS

on that

the

of

to

apply

Buyer-supplied

,

or

product,

the

OR

and rmware

execute

will

instrument.

instrument,

.

operation

,

improper

or

resulting

defects

misuse

IMPLIED

designated

programming

its

Hewlett-P

software

or

software

site

HEWLETT-P

.

by

ackard

or

,

improper

from

or

outside

preparation

A

of

CKARD

SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF

MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

Exclusive Remedies

THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER'S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE

ANY

HEWLETT-P

REMEDIES

DIRECT

AMA

D

.

INDIRECT

,

GES

WHETHER

LEGAL THEORY

,

.

CKARD

A

SPECIAL,

ASED

B

SHALL

INCIDENT

CONTRACT

ON

BE LIABLE

NOT

OR CONSEQUENTIAL

AL,

TORT

,

FOR

OTHER

ANY

OR

,

the

xii

Assistance

Product maintenance agreements and other customer assistance agreements

are available for Hewlett-Packard products.

For any assistance, contact your nearest Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service

Oce.

When an instrument is returned to a Hewlett-Packard service oce for

servicing, it must be adequately packaged and have a complete description of

the failure symptoms attached.

nature

the

failure

about

(such

and

,

as

error

When describing

problem. Include

of the

instrument

messages)

failure

along

the failure

copies of

settings,

the

with

, please

additional failure

data related

instrument

be as

being

specic

instrument

to

returned.

possible

as

information

time

as

any

in

.

the

service

instrument

before

Please

Any

This

quickly

The

were

Hewlett-P

ON

TI

AU

C

Instrument

original

do

notify

special

will

as

original

not

materials.

adequately

not

arrangements

the

help

possible

shipping

retained,

ackard

oce

damage

HP

.

service

the

oce

for

service

containers

identical

packaging

.

result

can

Never use

cushion the

the

oce

from

styrene pellets

instrument or

returning

instrument

repair

should

be

materials

using

your

can

return

and

If

used.

are

packaging

as packaging

prevent it

discussed

be

your

the

available

materials

original

from

for

this

at

instrument

materials

through

other

material.

shifting

than

They

the carton. They may also cause instrument damage by generating static

electricity.

xiii

Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Oces

U.S. FIELD OPERATIONS

Headquarters

Hewlett-Packard Company

19320 Pruneridge Avenue

Cupertino, CA 95014 U.S.A.

(800) 752-0900

Colorado

Hewlett-Packard Company

24 Inverness Place, East

Englewood, CO 80112

649-5000

(303)

Jersey

New

y

Compan

ackard

Hewlett-P

Road

ond

P

Green

150

07866

NJ

,

y

Rockawa

586-5400

(201)

Headquarters

S.A.

ackard

Hewlett-P

vril

Nant-d'A

Me

yrin

du

2/Geneva

150, Route

1217

Switzerland

780.8111

22)

(41

Britain

Great

Hewlett-Packard Ltd.

Eskdale Road, Winnersh Triangle

Wokingham, Berkshire RG11 5DZ

California, Northern

Hewlett-Packard Company

301 East Evelyn

Mountain View, CA 94041

(415) 694-2000

Georgia

Hewlett-Packard Company

2000 South Park Place

Atlanta, GA 30339

955-1500

(404)

exas

T

Compan

ackard

Hewlett-P

Road

Campbell

East

930

75081

Richardson,

(214)

EUROPEAN

TX

231-6101

FIELD

OPERA

France

ackard

Hewlett-P

Canada

Du

venue

1A

Courtaboeuf

Zone

F-91947

D'Activite

De

Cedex

Ulis

es

L

France

60

82

69

1)

(33

y

TIONS

California, Southern

Hewlett-Packard Company

1421 South Manhatten Ave.

Fullerton, CA 92631

(714) 999-6700

Illinois

Hewlett-Packard Company

5201 Tollview Drive

Rolling Meadows, IL 60008

342-2000

(708)

Germany

GmbH

ackard

Hewlett-P

Bad

y

Strasse

Homburg

16-0

Hewlett-Packard

61352

German

6172)

(+49

xiv

Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Oces (continued)

INTERCON FIELD OPERATIONS

Headquarters

Hewlett-Packard Company

3495 Deer Creek Rd.

Palo Alto, California 94304-1316

(415) 857-5027

China

China Hewlett-Packard Company

Road

Huan X1

Bei San

38

Shu

u

Y

Shuang

District

Hai Dian

China

Beijing,

256-6888

1)

(86

aiwan

T

aiwan

T

ackard

Hewlett-P

Building

H-P

Floor,

8th

Road

North

Hsing

Fu

337

aiwan

T

aipei,

T

712-0404

2)

(886

Australia

Hewlett-Packard Australia Ltd.

31-41 Joseph Street

Blackburn, Victoria 3130

(61 3) 895-2895

Japan

Yokogawa-Hewlett-Packard Ltd.

, Sagamihara

Yabe

1-27-15

Japan

Kanagawa

(81 427)

229,

59-1311

Canada

Hewlett-Packard Ltd.

17500 South Service Road

Trans-Canada Highway

Kirkland, Quebec H9J 2X8

Canada

(514) 697-4232

Singapore

Hewlett-Packard Singapore Ltd.

. Ltd.

Pte

87

Box

.

.O

Alexandra

P

Singapore 9115

271-9444

(65)

xv

Electrostatic Discharge Information

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage or destroy electronic components.

All work on electronic assemblies should be performed at a static-safe work

station. Figure 0-1 shows an example of a static-safe work station using two

types of ESD protection:



Conductive table-mat and wrist-strap combination.



Conductive oor-mat and heel-strap combination.

protection.

ESD

of

signicant

provide

together

used

when

,

types

Both

only the

Of the

two,

ESD protection

ensure user

o

T

isolation

of

static-safe

G

N

I

N

R

A

W

These

working

from ground.

accessories

techniques

circuitry

on

table-mat and

when used

safety,

the

.

a

for

with

static-safe

,

alone.

static-safe

Refer to

voltage

a

T

a

wrist-strap

accessories

for

0-1

able

station

work

potential

combination

level

provide

must

information

should

greater

not

than

provides

least

at

ordering

on

used

be

volts

500

adequate

M

1

when

.

xvi

Figure

0-1.

Example

a

of

static-safe

work

station.

xvii

Reducing ESD Damage

The following suggestions may help reduce ESD damage that occurs during

testing and servicing operations.



Personnel should be grounded with a resistor-isolated wrist strap before

removing any assembly from the unit.



Be sure all instruments are properly earth-grounded to prevent a buildup of

static charge.

Table 0-1 lists static-safe accessories that can be obtained from

Hewlett-Packard using the HP part numbers shown.

Table 0-1. Static-Safe Accessories

HP Part

Number

wire

includes:

(The

.

9300-0797 Set

9300-0980 Wrist-strap

9300-1383 Wrist-strap

post-type

9300-1169 ESD

heel-strap

static control

3M

wrist-strap

1.5

cord

black,

color

,

connection.

(reusable

and

m

wrist-strap

ft)

(5

stainless

to

6

mat 0.6

steel,

months).

12

Description

2

m

are

cord

without

1.2

not

cord,

(2

m

included.

has

ft

2

four

ft)

4

must be

They

adjustable

and

4.6

links

(15

cm

ordered

and a

ground

ft)

separately

mm

7

.)

xviii

Lightwave Connector Care

CAUTION

Introduction

Improper connector care, cleaning, or use of mismatched cable connectors

can invalidate the published specications and damage connectors. Clean all

cables before applying to any connector. Repair of damaged connectors due to

improper use is not covered under warranty.

Lightwave cable interfaces can be damaged by improper cleaning and

connection procedures. Dirty or damaged lightwave interfaces can result in

nonrepeatable

practices

best

Lightwave

connectors

connections

receivers

sources

or

Fiber

and

,

components

cables

optic

dierent environments

in

combinations

of

cables

do not

or

to

may

.

jackets,

,

inaccurate

clean,

care

are

used

be

patch

,

used

are

and

well

work

measurements

connect, and

,

for

to

used

cables

join

to

terminals

,

panels

dierent

at

There

.

indexes

together

connect

between

wavelengths

are

refraction.

of

Cables

.

chapter

This

.

inspect lightwave

ends

ber

two

optical

other

many

and

in

,

variety

a

should

of

general,

In

match

will suggest

together

ports

types

single

core/cladding

,

sizes

each

on

or

dierent

other

some

connectors.

These

.

laser

devices

of

,

systems

multimode

types

and

,

the

system.

However

provide

to

another

to

regardless

,

direct

a

When

.

of

and

these

cable

the

low-loss

connectors

type

optical

are

the

,

signal

used

connectors

transition from

measurement system,

in a

have only

one function:

one ber

end

repeatability becomes an important factor.

Lightwave connectors dier from electrical or microwave system

connectors.

In a ber optic system, light is transmitted through an extremely

small ber core. Because ber cores are often 62.5 microns (0.0625 mm) or

less in diameter, and dust particles range from tenths of a micron to several

microns

core

ber

diameter,

in

can degrade

dust

the

two cores meet). Therefore

minute

very

and

performance

contamination

connector

the

of

, the connector must be precisely aligned and the

on

interface

(where

the

of

end

the

connector interface free of trapped foreign material.

Connector (or insertion) loss is one important performance characteristic

.

of a lightwave connector

Typical values are less than 1 dB of loss

sometimes as little as 0.1 dB of loss with high performance connectors

,and

.

xix

Return loss

is another important factor. It is a measure of reection. The less

reection the better, (the larger the return loss, the smaller the reection).

The best physically contacting connectors have return losses better than

50 dB, although 30 to 40 dB is more common.

Causes of connector loss and reections

include core misalignment,

dierences in the numerical aperture of two bers, spacing and air gaps,

reections caused by damaged, worn, or loose ber ends, and the improper

use and removal of index matching compounds.

Achieving the best possible connection,

where the ber end faces are ush

(no air gap) and properly aligned, depends on two things:

connector

of

type

the

1.

connection

the

If

using the

2.

lossy

is

be

dierence

not

less

proper

reective

or

smooth

accurate

in

cleaning

,

the

or

F

.

optical

and

will

light

connection

reason,

this

or

measurement

connecting

make

not

is

lightwave

systems

a

repeatable

not

techniques

smooth

connections

.

transition.

measurement

,

can

the

If

make

transition

will

data

critical

a

is

xx

Cleaning and handling

Proper cleaning and handling of lightwave connectors is imperative for

achieving accurate and repeatable measurements with your Hewlett-Packard

lightwave equipment. Lightwave interfaces should be cleaned before each

measurement using the techniques described in this handbook. Information

on protecting and storing your connectors/cables and tips on how to properly

mate connectors are also included in this section.

Denition of terms

To avoid confusion, the following denitions are used in this handbook.

Connector Houses the ber end, most open at the end of a lightwave

cable or on the front panel of an instrument or accessory.

dapter

A

Does

not

contain

optical

ber

optical

two

mate

to

Used

.

connectors.

Handling

Always

should

ends

cleaning

or

Always

are

they

handle

never

solutions

keep

not

lightwave connectors

allowed to

be

tools

and

cable

.

(See

and

\Storage

connectors

use

in

.

touch

ends

.")

and cable

anything

covered

ends

except

with

other

protective

a

mating

cap

surfaces

when

Fiber

.

care

great

with

Cleaning

clean

to

cleaning

Two

non-lensed

lightwave

processes

lightwave

adapters

are

connectors

.

provided.

The

.

rst

The

second

process

describes

how

to

clean

CAUTION

Hewlett-Packard strongly recommends index matching compounds NOT

be applied to their instruments and accessories. Some compounds, such as

gels, may be dicult to remove and can contain damaging particulates.If

you think the use of such compounds is necessary, refer to the compound

manufacturer for information on application and cleaning procedures.

xxi

Cleaning non-lensed

lightwave connectors

Equipment

The following is a list of the items that should be used to clean non-lensed

lightwave connectors.

CAUTION

Isopropyl alcohol

Cotton swabs

Foam swabs

Compressed air

::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: ::

:::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: :

HP part number 8500-5344

HP part number 8520-0023

HP part number 9300-1223

HP part number 8500-5262

Hewlett-Packard recommends you do not use any type of foam swab to clean

optical ber cable ends.Foam swabs can leave lmy deposits on ber ends

that can degrade performance. However, foamisrequired to clean inside bulk

head

connectors

.

Process

of the

parts

other

swabs

Some

particles

be

can

across

displace

and

amount

done

particles

and

,

when

by

the

compressed

clean

wiping or

of

application

applying

end

ber

smaller

mild

of

alcohol

the

several

than

one

Before

cleaning

connector

Then

.

air

scrubbing

cotton

a

.

alone

This

alcohol

to

times

Use

.

alcohol

use

the

of

will

swab

technique

ber

the

isopropyl

to

end

ber

remove

not

moving

and

can

end,

alcohol,

clean

can

help

clean

the

help

them.

back

it

remove

the

clean

ber

remove

This

and

ferrules

cotton

end.

forth

or

micron.

clean

the

Allow

compressed

end after

ber

the

across

the

connector

. Compressed

air

end.

ber

dry (about

to

air lessens

the alcohol

Visually inspect

a minute)

evaporates.

the ber

dry

or

the chance

It should

end for

immediately

it

of deposits

blown

be

stray

with

remaining

horizontally

cotton

bers

on

As

.

soon as the connector is dry, the connection should be made.

CAUTION

Inverting the compressed air canister while spraying will produce residue on

the sprayed surface. Refer to instructions provided on the compressed air

canister.

xxii

Cleaning lightwave

adapters

Equipment

All of the items listed above for cleaning connectors may be used to clean

lightwave adapters. In addition, small foam swabs may be used along

with isopropyl alcohol and compressed air to clean the inside of lightwave

connector adapters.

NOTE

As noted in a previous caution statement, the foam swabs can leave lmy deposits. These deposits

are very thin however, and the risk of other contamination buildup on the inside of adapters greatly

outweighs the

risk of

contamination

of

adapters.

of

inside

the

cleaning

from

left

deposits

swab

foam

Process

connector

the

Clean

with

clean

adapter

the

swab

foam

a

compressed

by

Allow

.

air

applying

the

.

isopropyl

adapter

to

alcohol

dry

air

inside

the

to

it

dry

or

,

of

immediately

with

Storage

Making connections

Hewlett-P

of

All

or

shutter

caps

instrument. Also

cable ends

from damage

ackard's

caps

dust

of

,all

lightwave

the

on

cables

the

contamination.

or

instruments

adapters

shipped

are

that

These

are

shipped

that

have

dust

come

covers

caps

with

and

either

to

protective

laser

the

protect

covers should be kept on the equipment except when in use.

Proper connection technique requires attention to connector compatibility,

insertion technique and torque requirements. Connectors must be the same

the

.

the

ber

connector

Attempting

connection

type

to

from

order

in

connect

functioning

ensure mechanical

to

incompatible

properly

connector

even cause

and

optical

and

types may

compatibility

prevent

damage

to

surfaces. A visual inspection of the mechanical interfaces may not be

enough because some connector types have the same mechanical interface

but have dierent optical ber interfaces (for example

angled-contact or

manufacturer's data sheet

straight-contact ber interfaces). Refer to the

to conrm connector type compatibility before

, angled-no-contact,

connecting.

xxiii

the

CAUTION

When you insert the ferrule into an adapter, make sure the ber end does

not touch the outside of the mating adapter. This ensures you will not rub

the ber end against any undesirable surface. Many connectors have a keyed

slot provided for optimum measurement repeatability that also helps to align

and seat the two connectors. After the ferrule is properly seated inside the

other connector, use one hand to keep it straight, rotate it to align the key,

and tighten it with the other hand.

Most connectors using springs to push ber ends together exert one to two

pounds of force. Over-tightening or under-tightening these connectors can

result in misalignment and nonrepeatable measurements. Always nger

tighten the connector in a consistent manner. Refer to the manufacturer's

sheet

data

OPTION

Use

.

care

pull

not

minimum

any

for

INSTRUMENTS:

3XX

an

only

bare

the

radius

bend

torque

recommendations

appropriate

of

out

ber

.

T

ber

its

avoid

o

jacket,

cleaver

.

damage

tool

crush

handle

,

for

kink

it,

the

cutting

it,

or

pigtail

ber

the

bend

ber

it

Do

.

past

with

its

Summary

making

When

following

the

measurements:

Conrm



Use



Be



Use



eep

K



connector

extreme

the

sure

cleaning

the

connectors

xxiv

measurements

precautions

type

handling

in

care

connector

interfaces

methods

cable

and

with lightwave

to

help

will

compatibility

lightwave

all

are

described

covered

ends

insure

.

clean

this

in

instruments

reliable

good,

cables

before

handbook.

not

when

connectors

and

making

use

in

accessories

or

repeatable

,

any

.

,

.

connections

.

Inspection

performance

Optical

testing

Visual inspection

Although it is not necessary, visual inspection of ber ends can be helpful.

Contamination and/or imperfections on the cable endface can be detected as

well as cracks or chips in the ber itself.

Several ber inspection scopes are on the market, but any microscope with

an enlargement range of 100X to 200X can be used. It is helpful to devise

some method to hold the ber in place while viewing in this range.

Inspect the entire endface for contamination, raised metal, or dents in the

metal, as well as any other imperfections. Inspect the ber core for cracks

and chips.

Visible

imperfections

performance of

from contacting).

bers

the

assurance

that

touching

not

the lightwave

Consistent optical

your lightwave

the

connection (unless

measurements

connection is

performing

the imperfections

are

properly

.

the

keep

best

the

aect

not

may

core

ber

Introduction

good

a

,

you

cables

and

you

are

may

or

return

will

know

to

wish

accessories

upon

loss

to

able

be

tell

Consistent

indication

insertion

the

your cables

test

you

the

and

future if

receipt,

in

measurements

you have

that

loss and/or

and accessories

retain the

any degradation

your

with

connections

good

return

loss

measured data

has

lightwave

.

your

of

insertion

for

comparison,

for

occurred.

equipment

However

lightwave

loss

If

.

Insertion

loss

Insertion loss can be tested using a number of dierent test equipment

congurations. Some of these are:



an HP 8702B or HP 8703A lightwave component analyzer system with a

lightwave source and receivers

power

a

analyzer

sensor

an



an



HP 83420

HP 8153A

lightwave

with

set

test

multimeter

an

with

HP

a

8510

source

network

and

module

Many other possibilities exist. The basic requirements are an appropriate

lightwave source and a compatible lightwave receiver

. Refer to the manuals

provided with your lightwave test equipment for information on how to

perform an insertion loss test.

xxv

Typical insertion loss for cables is less than 1 dB, and can be as little as

0.1 dB.For actual specications on your particular cable or accessory, refer to

the manufacturer.

Return loss

Return loss can be tested using a number of dierent test equipment

congurations. Some of these are:



an HP 8703A lightwave component analyzer



an HP 8702B lightwave component analyzer with the appropriate source,

receiver and lightwave coupler

8504B

HP

an



an HP



Many

lightwave

Refer

8153A

other

the

to

source

coupler

information

Typical

return

specications

precision

lightwave

possibilities

compatible

a

,

.

how

loss

provided

to

for

your

manuals

on

reectometer

multimeter

exist.

perform

mode

single

particular

and

basic

The

lightwave

your

with

return

a

units

or

cable

81534A

HP

requirements

and

receiver

,

lightwave

loss test.

is better

accessory

than

, refer

return

are

a

test

40

loss

appropriate

an

compatible

equipment

or

F

.

dB

manufacturer

the

to

module

for

actual

.

xxvi

In This Book

This manual provides information about the HP 83480A-series digital

communications analyzers and the HP 54750A-series digitizing oscilloscopes.

Part 1

Introduction

2

Part

Communications

Digital

Analyzer

Part

Digitizing

Functions

3

Oscilloscope

Functions

Part 4

System Functions

Chapter 1 gives you a brief overview of the instrument and describes

the menu and key conventions and the front and rear panels

of the instrument.

Chapter 2 describes the front panel keys and functions.

Chapter

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

the

lists

an

gives

the

gives

describes

and

base

describes

time-interval

make

describes

specications

overview

eye

the

trigger

the

how

of

mask

,

test,

mask

menus

automatic

use

to

increase

to

measurements

acquisition,

the

characteristics

and

calibration

the

and eyeline

measure

.

waveform

built-in automatic

the

measurement

channel

of the

options

measurement tutorials

channel setup

,

eye

measurement

accuracy and

.

dene

,

setup

instrument.

.

time

,

process

.

measurements.

how to

measure

,

FFT, histogram, math, time base and trigger menus.

Chapter 11 describes the disk, display, limit test, marker, setup, setup

print, utility and waveform menus.

Chapter

12 provides

Chapter 13

a

instrument's

list

display

messages

of

.

that

appear

may

describes basic instrument architecture

the

on

.

xxvii

Contents

1. The Instrument at a Glance

Ordering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Menu and Key Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The FrontPanel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4

Autoscale

5

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Entry devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. .

anel

P

Displa

N

unction

F

Key

ts .

.

eys

K

Key

y

.

Key

.

2.

Indicator ligh

Rear

The

General

Clear

The

N

NN

Fine

Help

cal

Lo

Run

Stop/Single

Purpose

N

1-5

1-7

1-9

1-10

1-11

1-13

1-14

.

1-15

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

2-3

2-4

.

2-5

.

2-6

.

2-7

.

2-8

.

Characteristics

Specications

3.

Horizon

rigger

T

Standard

tal

sp

and

system

ecications

instrumen

.

electrical

2.5

t,

.

GHz

.

and

.

mo

.

optical

.

de

.

hannels

c

.

. .

.

Option 100, 12 GHz mode . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Option 100, 12 GHz/Gate mode . . . . . . . . . . .

General specications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4. Calibration Overview

.

Mainframe

Plug-in

ew,

Sk

Calibration

dule

Mo

es,

prob

Calibration

Probe Calibration

O/E

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

con

erters

v

.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3-3

.

. .

3-4

.

. .

.

3-4

3-5

3-6

4-3

.

. .

.

4-5

.

4-6

.

. . .

4-7

Contents-1

5. Eye, Mask and Eyeline Mode Measurement Tutorials

Making Eye Diagram Measurements . . . . . . . . . .

Setting up the system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Positioning the waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Making the measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Measuring extinction ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10

Measuring eye height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Measuring crossing % . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Measuring eye width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Measuring jitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Measuring duty cycle distortion . . . . . . . . . . .

Measuring Q-factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. .

.

w

.

v

a

.

eform

.

. .

.

t

.

. .

.

ts

.

83480A

(HP

.

. .

.

. .

.

installation

.

Option 001

.

. .

.

. .

Measuring

esting

T

Setting

ositioning

P

Making

Standard

Making

only)

eline

Ey

Noise

Error

Equipmen

Error

time

rise

fall time

Mask

a

to

system

the

up

the

measuremen

the

Mask

Measuremen

eline

Ey

.

traces

reduction

trace

.

capture

conguration/program

t

capture

. .

.

. .

5-3

5-4

5-5

5-9

5-13

5-14

5-15

5-16

5-17

5-19

.

5-21

5-23

.

5-25

5-27

.

5-28

.

5-31

.

5-32

.

5-37

.

5-38

.

5-40

.

5-42

.

5-43

.

5-48

6. The Digital Communications Analysis Menus

Mask Test Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

Measure Ey

Contents-2

Scale Mask

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

Mask Align

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

Align Mode

N

Run...

N

Fail

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

Extinction ratio...

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Eye height

NNNN

Crossing %

N

NN

N

NN

N

NN

N

action...

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

. .

.

N

NN

N

e Men

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

NN

N

u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NNN

. . . . . . . . . . .

. .

NNNNNNNN

.

. . . . . . . .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

. . . . . .

. . . . . . . .

6-3

6-19

6-21

6-22

6-23

6-25

.

6-30

6-32

6-35

6-36

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Eye width

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Jitter

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Duty cycle distortion...

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Q-factor

Channel Setup Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Time Base Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Units

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Bit Rate

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Scale

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Position

N

NN

N

Reference

N

NN

N

base

Time

N

Window

rigger

T

Men

rigger

T

N

Sweep

N

Source

N

NN

N

External

N

NN

N

Level

N

Slope

N

NN

N

Hysteresis

N

NN

N

Trig Bandwidth

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

..... ..... ...... ...... . 6-39

. . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

N

NN

N

. .

NN

N

windowing...

N

NN

N

.

u

Basics

N

.

N

. .

.

N

NN

N

Scale

N

.

N

.

N

NN

N

NN

N

. .

N

NN

N

NN

N

Position

.

N

.

. .

N

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. .

NN

N

.

NN

N

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

N

NN

.

. .

.

. .

.

6-38

6-40

6-41

6-43

6-44

6-45

6-46

.

6-47

.

6-48

.

6-49

6-50

.

6-50

.

6-51

.

6-52

.

6-52

.

6-52

6-53

.

6-53

7. Waveform Measurements

HowtoMakeWaveform Measurements . . . . . . . . .

The Waveform Measurement Pro cess . . . . . . . . .

.

. .

min

.

. .

record

data

max from

and

ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

the

. . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . .

.

collection

Data

histogram

Building

Calculating

Calculating top and base .

Locating crossing poin

Calculating thresholds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Determining rising and falling edges

Standard

Voltage and power measurements . . . . . . . . . .

a

Waveform Denitions

7-3

7-4

7-5

.

. .

.

7-6

.

. .

.

7-7

.

7-8

7-9

7-10

7-11

7-14

Contents-3

Timing denitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

User-dened 1time .... ...... ..... ... 7-19

Some important measurement considerations . . . . .

8. Making Automatic Measurements

Period and frequency measurements . . . . . . . . .

Pulse width measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rise time, fall time, preshoot, and overshoot

measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

FrontPanel Measure Section . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

1time

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

+width

NN

N

0

N

Duty

N

Fall

N

NN

Frequency

N

Overshoot

N

Period

N

Preshoot

N

Rise

N

Vamp

N

Vbase

N

Vpp

NNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Vrms

NNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Vtop

General Meas Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Tmax

NNNNNNNNNNNN

NN

Tmin

N

Vavg

N

Vlower

NNNNNNNN

Vmiddle

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Vupper

Avg P

N

NN

width

N

NN

N

Cycle

NN

N

Time

N

NN

N

NN

N

NN

N

Time

N

NN

N

NN

N

.

N

NN

N

NN

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

ower Men

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

N

.

N

.

N

NN

N

.

N

.

N

.

N

NN

N

.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. .

.

. .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

u . . . . . . . . . . . .

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. . . . . .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. . . . .

7-17

7-20

8-3

8-4

8-5

8-6

.

8-6

.

8-6

.

8-7

.

8-7

.

8-8

.

8-8

.

8-8

.

8-9

.

8-9

.

8-9

8-10

8-11

8-12

.

8-12

8-13

8-14

Contents-4

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Avg Power

Freq Domain Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-15

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

FFT freq

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

FFT mag

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

FFT 1freq

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

FFT 1mag

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Source

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Peak number

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Pk threshold

Histogram

N



1

6



N

NN

2





6

N

NN

N



3

6



N

NN

N

hits

N

mean

N

median

N

NN

N

peak

N

NN

N

pk-pk

N

dev

std

NN

N

NN

N

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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.

. .

.

u

Men

. .

.

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.

. .

.

N

. .

.

N

.

N

NN

.

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8-14

8-15

8-16

8-17

8-18

8-19

.

8-19

.

8-19

8-20

.

8-20

.

8-20

.

8-21

.

8-21

.

8-21

.

8-22

Time-Interval

ccuracy

Increasing

9.

Measurement

Increasing MeasurementAccuracy . . . . . . . . . . .

Measuring time intervals . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Automatic measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Channel-to-channel measurements . . . . . . . . . .

Statistics

Jitter

Time-Interval Measuremen

dc errors

Vertical quan

Summary of dc errors

Dynamic response errors

Rise time resp onse .

Measurement

.

eraging

Av

and

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

tization .

A

.

ts . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .

and

.

. .

.

. .

.

. . .

. . . . .

. . .

Contents-5

9-3

9-4

9-5

.

9-8

.

9-9

9-13

9-14

9-15

10. General Purpose Oscilloscope Menus

Acquisition Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

Averaging

NNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Best

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Record length...

Channel Setup Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dene Measure Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Thresholds...

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Top-base

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Standard

N

FFT Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

NNNNNNNN

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Other FFT measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defined

User

N

NN

N

Define

NN

N

Start

N

Edge Number

N

NN

N

Threshold

Edge

N

NN

N

Color

NN

N

Signal

N

NN

N

window

Eye

N

NN

N

Complete

Meas

N

Statistics

N

NN

Off

.

N

NN

N

mean, stddev

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

min, max

Display

Source

N

NN

N

Window

N

NN

N

Scaling

FFT

Magnify

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Y-Scale

Y-Offset

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

N

1time

N

NN

Edge

N

NN

N

grade...

N

type

N

NN

N

. .

N

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

N

.

N

NN

NNNN

. .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NNNN

.

NN

N

.

N

NN

N

or

Stop

N

. .

N

NN

N

NN

N

.

N

NN

N

and

1

NN

N

.

N

.

. .

N

NN

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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.

N

NN

N

.

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. .

.

N

.

N

.

N

NN

N

Edge

.

N

NN

N

window

Eye

.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. .

.

N

.

N

.

. .

.

. .

.

N

NN

N

2

.

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.

10-3

10-4

10-5

10-6

10-7

10-8

10-9

10-11

10-12

10-13

.

10-14

.

10-14

.

10-15

.

10-15

.

10-16

.

10-16

.

10-17

.

10-18

.

10-18

.

10-19

.

10-20

10-21

10-22

10-23

.

10-24

.

10-25

.

10-26

10-27

10-28

Contents-6

FFT basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Frequency measurements ............... 10-31

Frequency accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Amplitude measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Computation of dBm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Computation of dBV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

dc value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Aliasing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Presetting FFT parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Histogram Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Histograms in the instrument.. . . . . . . . . . .

NNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Mode

NN

Axis

N

Histogram

N

Histogram

N

Run

Math

N

Function

N

Define Function

N

NN

N

Display

Time

N

Units

NN

N

Bit

N

Scale

N

Position

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Reference

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Time base windowing

Trigger Men

Trigger basics .

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

Sweep

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

N

.

N

NN

N

NN

N

NN

N

Until

u

Men

N

NN

N

NN

N

Base Men

N

. .

N

rate

N

NN

.

N

NN

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Main

N

NN

N

Window

N

NN

N

Window

NNNNNNNNNNNNN

Window Position

. . . . . . . . .

. .

.

NN

N

Window

N

Scale

N

NN

.

N

.

N

.

u

.

N

. .

.

N

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

N

.

NN

N

NN

N

Scale

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

. . . .

u.

N

NN

.

N

.

. .

.

N

NNNNNNNNN

. . . . . . .

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N

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10-28

10-31

10-32

10-33

10-34

10-35

10-36

10-37

10-40

10-41

10-43

10-45

10-46

10-47

10-51

10-53

10-54

10-55

10-56

10-57

10-58

10-59

10-60

Contents-7

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Source

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

External Scale

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Level

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Slope

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Hysteresis

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Trig Bandwidth

11. The General Function Menus

Disk Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

directory

N

NN

load

NN

N

store

N

delete

N

format

N

NN

N

Type

N

NN

N

Format

N

Mask

N

From File

N

NN

memory

To

Displa

Limit T

y

N

NN

Persistence

N

NN

Color grade...

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

draw waveform

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Graticule

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Label

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Delete...

N

NN

N

Color

NNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Test

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

NNNN

Measurement

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

NNNNNNNNN

N

Fail When

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

Upper Limit

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.................. 10-62

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

N

NN

N

NN

N

Formats

N

Men

N

est Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

. .

.

. .

.

N

NN

N

.

N

NN

N

NN

N

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

N

,

To File

NN

N

.

u

N

NN

.

N

NN

N

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. .

.

NNNNNN

. . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NNNNNNNNNNN

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

. .

.

N

NN

N

,

. .

.

. .

N

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

. .

.

N

or

File Name

.

. .

.

N

NN

N

.

. .

.

N

.

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.

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10-61

10-62

10-63

11-3

11-4

11-6

.

11-8

.

11-10

.

11-10

.

11-11

.

11-14

.

11-21

.

11-22

.

11-23

.

11-24

.

11-25

.

11-27

11-31

11-34

11-37

.

11-38

.

11-42

11-44

11-45

11-47

Contents-8

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Lower Limit

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Run Until

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Fail Action

Marker Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NNNNNNNNNNN

off

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

manual

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

waveform

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

measurement

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

histogram

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

TDR/TDT

Setup Men

NN

N

Setup

N

Save

N

Recall

N

Default

Setup

N

NN

N

Print

N

Destination

N

Data

TIFF

Utilit

N

HP-IB

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

System config...

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Calibrate...

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Self-test...

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Firmware

N

Service...

eform

v

a

W

N

NN

N

waveform

NNNNNNNNNN

N

Pixel

u

N

NN

memory

N

NN

N

.

N

NN

N

t

Prin

N

format

N

NN

N

.

and

Men

y

NN

N

Setup...

N

NN

N

NN

N

Men

N

NN

N

NNNNNN

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

..... ..... ...... ..... 11-48

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

. .

.

N

NN

N

.

N

NN

N

setup

u

Men

N

NN

N

NN

N

.

les on

GIF

.

u

N

NN

N

NN

N

support...

N

.

u

. . . .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

Computer

tosh

. .

.

Macin

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

the Apple

. .

.

N

.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

. .

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.

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.

11-47

11-50

11-56

11-57

11-59

11-61

11-62

11-64

11-65

11-66

11-70

11-72

11-74

11-76

11-77

11-78

11-79

11-80

11-85

11-88

11-89

11-90

11-93

11-94

11-97

Contents-9

12. Messages

Instrument Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Messages you may see on your instrument . . . . . .

13. How the Instrument Works

Basics of Sequential Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . .

System Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The ma jor plug-in module hardware comp onents . . .

The ma jor mainframe hardware components . . . . .

Probe selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

System bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probe types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

and

GHz

. .

Enhanced

MHz

mo

de

mo

de

mo

Option 100

(

de

mo

Trigger

. .

.

Option

(

. .

Modes

.

. .

only

100

.

)

only

. .

.

)

Summary

Standard

DC-2.5

DC-100

2-12

GHz/Gate

12

Index

12-2

13-3

13-8

13-9

13-10

13-12

13-17

13-18

13-21

. .

.

13-22

.

13-22

.

13-22

.

13-23

.

13-25

.

Contents-10

Figures

0-1. Example of a static-safe work station. ........... xvii

1-1. The instrument front panel. ............... 1-9

1-2. The instrument display. ................. 1-11

1-3. The instrument rear panel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15

2-1.TheHelpmenu........ ...... ...... .. 2-5

5-1. Setting up your measurement system. . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

5-2. Position of data waveform. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5

5-3. Extinction ratio measurement. .............. 5-11

.

5-4. Eye

5-5. Crossing

5-6. Eye

5-7.

5-8.

5-9.

5-10.

5-11.

5-12.

5-13.

5-14.

5-15.

5-16.

5-17.

5-18.

5-19.

5-20. Mask violation and the sequence leading to the violation. .. 5-42

5-21. Front panel connection for eyeline mode. .. ..... .. 5-43

5-22. Rear panel connection for eyeline mode...... ..... 5-44

5-23. Display after initial mask alignment. . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-49

5-24. Display

5-25.

6-1.

6-2. Dening a polygon.

6-3. Rescaling a polygon. . . . . . . . . .

6-4. Mask with a 15% margin.

6-5. Extinction ratio measurement.

6-6. Eye height measurement.

6-7. Crossing % measurement. ................ 6-37

height measurement.

percentage measurement.

width measurement.

measurement. .

Jitter

cycle distortion

Duty

Q-factor

Rise

all

F

Setting

osition

P

Eye

Mask

Conventional

Similar

Conventional

Low

Error

Legal

measurement.

time

measurement.

time

the

up

data

of

mask.

a

with

20%

a

with

eye

diagram

eye

power

signal

after time base position adjustment. .... .... 5-49

capture

trace

illegal

and

measurement. .

measurement.

waveform.

.

margin

diagram

in

diagram

viewed

example

polygon

.......

..

.

..

.

set.

display

eyeline

of

with

construction.

.

mode

low

a

eyeline

..

.

........

...

....

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

power

signal.

mode

.

..

.

...... ..... .

...... ....

...... .....

...... ..... .

.

averaging.

using

.

........

.

..

.

. 5-39

.

. 5-50

.

5-13

5-14

5-15

5-16

5-17

5-20

5-21

5-23

5-27

5-28

5-32

5-35

5-38

5-40

5-41

6-12

6-15

6-16

6-17

6-33

6-35

Contents-11

Contents

6-8. Eye width measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-38

6-9. Jitter measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-39

6-10. Duty cycle distortion measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-40

6-11. Measuring Q-factor. ........ ...... ..... 6-42

7-1. Pulse parameters the instrument measures. .. ...... 7-3

7-2. The instrument uses this process for waveform measurement. 7-5

7-3. Some measurements are made from the histogram. . . . . . 7-6

7-4. The middle 20 percent of the waveform is ignored. . . . . . 7-8

7-5. Calculating the 10, 50, and 90 percent thresholds. ..... 7-10

7-6. Thresholds are used to determine edges........... 7-11

7-7. The system ignores incomplete transitions when dening

edges......................... 7-12

. 7-13

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

to

.

..

.

. 7-19

.

. 10-20

7-8.

7-9.

7-10.

9-1.

9-2.

9-3.

9-4.

9-5.

9-6.

9-7.

9-8.

9-9.

10-1.

10-2.

aveform

W

Waveform

may

ou

Y

Erroneous

of

Eect

aster

of

transitions

Edges

F

Measure

the

pulse

in

error

of

Narrow

Errors

Error

Eect

Standard

period

is

denitions

rise

1time

time

dc

polarity

dene

vertical

opposite

decrease

intervals

time

applied

height

pulse

width

pulse

10%{90%

in

capacitance

probe

measurement

deviations

measured

used

.

at

make

to

.

measurements

measurement

errors

on

reinforce

eect

fastest-changing

at

instrument.

the

to

measurement.

level is

10%

at

time

rise

.

thresholds

Gaussian

a

of

the

.

middle

voltage

.

due

threshold.

measurements

.

jitter

to

accuracy

.

errors

dc

errors

oset

dc

of

part

.

..

.

..

.

approximately equal

.

..

.

distribution.

.

of transition.

.

..

.

10-3. Sine wave in the frequency domain. . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-29

10-4. An FFT display...................... 10-30

10-5. An example of the histogram display. ........ ... 10-38

11-1. The Directory display. .... ...... ...... .. 11-4

11-2. Dots only. .. ...... ...... ...... ... 11-28

Connected

11-3.

Screen

11-4.

Screen

11-5.

11-6. Screen

11-7. A functional

11-8. Setup Print screen.

11-9. The System Conguration display

11-10. A typical Cal Status display

dots

graph. .

one

using

mode

grid

in

graph. .

one

using

mode

frame

in

in frame mode using two graphs

view of the limit test.

...... ..... ...... .

.

. .

............

.............

.

...... ...... ..

.

.. . . . . .. . . .

11-31

11-32

11-33

11-43

11-71

11-80

11-86

11-29

.

..

.

..

.

11-11. A typical Firmware support screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-89

7-15

9-8

9-10

9-11

9-12

9-16

9-17

9-18

9-19

10-8

Contents-12

Contents

11-12. Storing a waveform. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-94

11-13. Saving to pixel memory. .. ...... ..... .... 11-97

13-1. The sampling circuit. .. ...... ...... .... 13-3

13-2. Sequential sampling process. ............... 13-5

13-3. Acquisition with record length = 64. ........... 13-6

13-4. Acquisition with record length = 2250. .......... 13-7

13-5. Hardware block diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-8

13-6. The probe is a part of the circuit under test. . . . . . . . . 13-12

13-7. Simplied equivalent circuit of DUT and probe.. . . . . . . 13-13

13-8. Reduced amplitude and dc oset caused by probe loading. . . 13-14

13-9. Eects of probe capacitance. ...... ...... ... 13-15

13-10. Resistive divider probe. ................. 13-18

13-20

.

..

.

probe

ctive

13-11.

13-12.

13-13.

13-14.

13-15.

13-16.

13-17.

13-18.

13-19.

13-20.

A

Viewing a

mode

GHz

12

GHz/Gate

12

Gating

2.5

12

10

Result

application.

GHz

trigger

GHz

Gb/s

of

10

the

Gb/s

10

jitter

mode

trigger

digital

triggering

Gb/s

eye

with

jitter

signal

on

signal

on

diagram

eye

diagram

eye

pattern

diagram

.

the

mV

200

300

with

.

pulsed

with

pulsed

with

without

with

speed

low

generator

12

using

sine

p-p

mV

.

2

10

gating. .

a 1ms

gating pulse

..

.

GHz

wave

sine

.

GHz

gating

..

trigger

wave

.

RF

pulse

generator

.

input.

.

content.

.

13-24

.

13-26

.

13-27

.

13-28

.

13-29

.

13-29

.

13-30

.

13-31

.

from

13-32

.

Contents-13

Tables

0-1. Static-Safe Accessories.................. xviii

9-1. Rise-Time Measurement Errors .. ...... ...... 9-15

11-1. Partial listing of the Text Verbose Format for a Normal

Waveform...................... 11-16

11-2. Partial Example of the Text Y Values Format .... .... 11-20

11-3. Default Setups .. ...... ..... ...... .. 11-67

Contents-14

1

The

Instrument

Glance

at

a

The Instrument at a Glance

What you'll nd in this chapter

This chapter provides you with a brief overview of how the instrument functions, descriptions of the

front and rear panels, and a description of the key conventions used in this manual. The following

topics are discussed:

options and accessories

menu and key conventions

displa

y

panel

menus

on

screen

front

the

displa

the

indicator

devices

entry

that

ys

ke

panel

y

lights

do

and rear

not

Understanding

front-panel

the

using

information

the

interface

on

instrument.

the

Information

instrument.

the

operate

you

help

will

chapter

this

in

with

supplied

Guide

Start

Quick

User's

the

in

is

1-2

The HP 83480A-series digital communications analyzer and HP 54750A-series

digitizing oscilloscopes are powerful and versatile instruments designed

for use in research, development, production and evaluation testing in the

telecommunication, data communication, RF/microwave and signal integrity

areas. Data acquisition and measurement analysis are performed in parallel,

enabling the instrument to achieve outstanding measurement throughput.

The instrument provides fast, repeatable communications waveform

performance analysis with automated pulse and eye diagram statistical

user-dened

both

to

measurements.

and industry

executed. The

dual-channel

instrument

The

measure

analog

Optical or

standard eye

instrument is

electrical

or optical

provides

digital

and

electrical conformance

diagram masks

a modular

or pulse

platform which

measurement modules

necessary

the

with

you

instrument

The

circuits

.

tests

templates

accepts

.

capabilities

provides:

are

to

up

test

eciently

two

to

and

Optical



Optical



750

1000

1200

Integrated



and

input

nm

to

electrical

wavelength:

nm

860

to

1600

to

nm

1600

average

measurement

83480A,

(HP

HP

(

for

nm

83480A

HP

(

for

optical

power

channels

with

83480A

with

,

meter

an

,

(HP

HP

with

an

83480A

(HP

83487A

HP

an

83485A

HP

83480A,

only)

83486A

)

with

any

module)

with

50

vertical

GHz

bandwidth

Calibrated



to

Up



TDR/TDT measurements

83480A,

(HP

scale

watts

(HP 54750A only, or HP 83480A with HP 54755A

optical

any

option)

This function available with rmware revision A.02.00 and above.

)

optical

module)

1-3

The Instrument at a Glance



Standard masks and templates,

Optical Masks Electrical Masks

STM0/OC1 STS1 Eye

STM1/OC3 STS1 Pulse

OC12 STS3 Eye

OC24 STS3 Pulse 0

STM16/OC48 STS3 Pulse 1

FC133 DS1

FC266 DS1C

FC531 DS2

FC1063 DS3

FDDI PDH

100BASE-FX

ETHERNET

GIGABIT

template

and

utomatic

A



Statistical



FFT



mask

waveform

analysis

(HP 83480A only)

scaling,

positioning,

including:

2.048 Mb

8.448

PDH

Mb

34.4

PDH

Mb

139

PDH

Mb

139

PDH

testing

and

Mb

0

1

1-4

Ordering Information

Supplied accessories

Optional accessories



Power cord for country of destination



HP 83480A, 54750A User's Guide



One year warranty

Option 001

HP 83480A only.

HP Eyeline Mode software. Loads

downloadable eyeline analysis program directly to the

internal disk drive. Enables Eyeline Mode operation with

70843A) error

generator.

GHz

12

on

further

to

,

with

Option

100

908

909

71603B

HP

an

analyzer

or

Provides

gating

signal

capabilities

Rackmount

,HP

71604B pattern

HP

triggering

direct

can

.

without

kit,

for

kit,

71612A (HP

used

be

handles

instruments

54710-68705

Option 0B

Option 0B1

Option

0B0

UK6

W

Service

A

Deletes

Measured

guide

dditional

the

documentation

user

of

set

user documentation

performance

data

HP 10086A ECL terminator

HP 11898A extender module

HP 54006A 6 GHz divider probe

HP 54008A

HP 54118A

54753A

HP

22

500

TDR

MHz

plug-in

to

GHz

18

module

trigger

line

delay

ns

HP 54754A TDR plug-in module

HP 54755A TDR rmware kit

HP 83480K communications rmware kit

HP 83482A 40 GHz optical/electrical plug-in module

HP 83483A, 54751A electrical plug-in module

HP 83485A optical/electrical plug-in module

HP

signals

extend

54710-68704

p/n

handles

performance

external

An

.

triggering

the

p/n

HP

,

1-5

The Instrument at a Glance

Ordering Information

HP 83485C high speed optical/electrical plug-in module

HP 83486A 1300-1500 nm multimode optical/electrical plug-in module

HP 83487A 850 nm multimode optical/electrical plug-in module

Blank, one (1) slot ller plug-in, HP part number 54700-68702 or

HP 54700B

Connection devices

SMA (f-f) adapter, HP part number 1250-1158

APC 3.5 (f-f) adapter, HP part number 1250-1749

1-6

Menu and Key Conventions

The keys labeled Trigger, Disk, and Run are all examples of front-panel keys.

Pressing some front-panel keys accesses menus of functions that are displayed

along the right side of the display screen. These menus are called softkey

menus.

Softkey menus list functions other than those accessed directly by the

front-panel keys.To activate a function on the softkey menu, press the

unlabeled key immediately next to the annotation on the screen. The

unlabeled

Additional

keys

functions are

front-panel keys

shifted

the

front-panel

indicated

shifted

front-panel

function,

the desired

to

label,

key

label,

key

function,

by

this

for

key

the

key)

the

to

press the

function.

manual

example

pressed

front-panel

example

for

be

will

annotation

listed in

blue type

functions are

blue front-panel

front-panel

4

,

Timebase

N

,

Scale

which

and

4

shown

N

Shift

the

N

as

N

.

key

5

Local

4

Shift

5

menu

display

the

on

above

called shifted

Shift

indicated

are

keys

Softkeys

.

softkeys

The

selected.

is

key)

blue

(

function

4

,

5

Lo

cal

5

and

key

are

displayed

followed

(above

.

called

are

the

by

some

T

.

front-panel

box

a

by

below

functions

and

indicated

depend

Shifted functions

the

by

the

4

Stop/Single

softkeys

o

around

shading

.

the

of

activate

the

on

are

shaded

5

a

key

on

softkey

A

function

with

on

or

o.

On is

function

the

turn

o

T

on,

softkey

the

press

so

the softkey's

turn

to

used

be

can

label

its

in

O

and

On

highlighted. To turn the function o, press the softkey so O is highlighted.

An On or O softkey function will be indicated throughout this manual as:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Test

On.

1-7

The Instrument at a Glance

Menu and Key Conventions

A softkey such as

functions. In this case you could choose Triggered by pressing the softkey

until Triggered is highlighted, or choose Freerun by pressing the softkey until

Freerun is highlighted. A choices softkey will be indicated throughout this

manual as:

When some softkeys, such as

measurement will be made and the result will be provided. Some softkeys,

such as

value, use the general purpose knob located below the front-panel Measure

section.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Offset

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Sweep Triggered Freerun

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Sweep Triggered Freerun

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Eye Height

require the entry of a numeric value.To enter or change the

oers you a choice of

Triggered.

, are pressed the rst time,a

1-8

The Front Panel

The front panel of the instrument includes a display area and several

functional areas, including:

Control

Measure

Setup

Storage

System

utoscale

A

Figure

utoscale key are described in this chapter

The display area

on the other functional areas

and A

panel.

instrument

The

1-1.

are included later in this manual.

front

. Information

1-9

The Instrument at a Glance

The Front Panel

4

Autoscale

5

The Autoscale key causes the instrument to quickly analyze the signal. Then,

it sets up the vertical, horizontal, and trigger to best display that signal.

Autoscale can nd:

Repetitive signals with:

frequency

duty cycle

amplitude

trigger

utoscale

A

searches

83480A

HP

input,

If

and

instrument

the

\freerun"

utoscale

A

the

If

function

utoscale

A

the

4

5

,

Shift

amplitude

looks

trigger

a

for

Option

instrument

the

condition.

return

to

key

NN

N

Undo Autoscale

for

key

.

NN

signals

100

in

is

the

o

T

N

NN

N



50 Hz

>

1%

mV p-p



10

83480A, 83485A

HP

mV

20

>

all

on

the

on

signal

no

If

only:

the

in

is

GHz

12

the

pressed

unintentionally

instrument

utoscale

A

an

undo

NN

N

or 120

channels

external

trigger

GHz

2.5

trigger

the

to

Wp-p



)

even if

,

trigger

signal

trigger

mode

,

settings

function

(optical

is

it

,

use

that

press:

they are

inputs

detected

mode

sweep

will

Undo

the

existed

signals

turned

.

at the

sweep

, the

continuously

A

prior

only

o.

external

utoscale

to

the

on

also

It

stop

will

pressing

in

.

To quickly rescale the vertical axis,

4

5

Channel

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Channel Autoscale

(only on

1-10

without

altering the timebase, press:

HP 83480A, 83483A, 83485A

)

The Instrument at a Glance

The Front Panel

Display

The instrument has a high-resolution, color display. The display is divided

into several areas as shown in Figure 1-2.

Figure 1-2. The instrument display.

1-11

The Instrument at a Glance

The Front Panel

Status area

Graticule area

Time Base area

Channel

Settings

Measurement

area

and

Results

The Status area displays prompts, messages, error messages, warnings,and

the number of averages when averaging is turned on.

The Graticule area is also referred to as the waveform viewing area. This is

where all the waveform data and markers are displayed on the screen.

The Time Base area lists the time base scale setting, reference location,

and position setting. The reference location is indicated by an arrow.In

Figure 1-2, the time base settings are:

Scale

Reference

osition

P

Channel

Settings

automatic

an

settings

display

o

T

4

Shift

a

When

Figure

In

::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: :::

the

of

location

:

::

:

Settings

displayed

are

measurement,

:

and

:

::

:

Measurement

when

only

results

the

::

:

::

Results

measurements

the

are displayed

:

set

:

share

:

to the

:

left

::

:

area.

same

the

When

o.

are

place

in

.

the

N

5

Clr

channel

1-2

N

Meas

,

Channel

N

NN

N

number

channel

the

Settings,

is

press:

displayed,

settings

are:

indicates

it

the

channel

graticule

:

Channel

the

of

turned

is

5.0 ns/div

20

:

making

channel

on.

area

ns

Marker Results and

Statistics Results area

Scale

Oset

1, on

::

:

::

:

::

:::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::010 mV

Channel

Channel 2, on

Scale

:::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::

Oset

Channels

::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::

4, o

and

3

Marker Results and Statistics Results share the same area.

are displayed

when the measurement

only when the manual and waveform markers are turned o, or

marker readout is turned o.

1-12

mV/div

75

:

::

60 mV/div

Statistics Results

0mV

The Instrument at a Glance

The Front Panel

Histogram, Limit Test

and Mask Test

Softkey menu area

Memory bar

The entire area below the timebase area is used by the Histogram, Limit Test

and Mask Test features while in their respective menus.

Softkey menus are displayed in this area. The menu that is displayed

depends on which key is pressed. The

Guide

contains an explanation of how the softkeys operate.

HP 83480A, 54750A Quick Start

The memory bar represents the entire waveform record. The highlighted part

of the memory bar represents the portion of the waveform record currently

on the display. When possible, the acquisition hardware is set up so all of the

waveform record is displayed on the screen. When the acquisition is stopped

the waveform

and

indicates

Entry

entry

The

knob

the

arrow

the

keypad

the

is magnied

which portion

devices

are:

keys

of the

the

with

waveform

time

is

base

viewed.

controls

,

the

memory

bar

numeric

change

devices

entry

the

use

can

ou

Y

to

the

settings

of some

softkeys, such as trigger level, or to select an item from a list of choices.

When using the entry devices to scroll through a list of choices, you may

notice the background color of each item change as you scroll through the

list. Occasionally, a particular feature may not be available. In this case, the

list.

background

color

of

that

feature

will

not

change

as

you

scroll

through

the

1-13

The Instrument at a Glance

The Front Panel

Indicator lights

There are three indicator lights near the top-left corner of the instrument.

These lights give you a quick indication of the acquisition status of the

instrument.

Armed

riggered

T

Freerun

When the armed light is on, it indicates the trigger circuit is armed and

waiting for a valid trigger event to occur. A valid trigger event occurs when a

signal meets the triggering conditions specied in the trigger menu.

trigger

the triggered

When

event.

sampled.

is

trace

triggered

The

,

this

do

turns

light

trigger

what

know

required

Typically

Freerun

time

Every

enough

When

completed.

light

by

o,

the

in

the

your

trigger

move

you

the

trigger

application.

simply

level

automatically

light is

instrument

the

be

can

the

know

other

thresholds

level

provides

on, it

points

used

trigger

is

that

direction

is set

indicates

accepts

have

help

to

level

one

to

are

the

trigger

a

sampled

been

determine

either

in

trigger

the

of

determine

you

and

halfway between

soon

trigger

a

as

instrument

event,

ll

to

trigger

the

direction.

thresholds

other

the

set

can

two

the

as

accepted

one data

record

the

When

.

threshold.

trigger

thresholds

trigger

a

point is

length, a

thresholds

triggered

the

Move

Y

level

.

armed.

is

ou

as

.

o

T

now

is

It

used to view the input signal when no valid triggers are available.

HP 83480A Option 100 only:

When in the 12 GHz mode, the triggered and

freerun lights are illuminated at all times to reect the operation of the 12

GHz trigger.

1-14

The Rear Panel

Figure

1-3.

instrument

The

rear

panel.

1-15

The Instrument at a Glance

The Rear Panel

Line Input

Line On/O

Fuse

The Line Input is the input for the line power source. Make sure the

line-power source outlet has a protective ground contact.

The Line switch turns the instrument on and o. After applying power, allow

the temperature of the instrument to stabilize for best measurement results.

NOTE

The instrument continues to draw power when it is plugged into the ac power source, even if the line

power switch is o.

.

plate

part

metal

fuse

number

be

can

2110-0054

2110-0249

2110-0342

power

The

Depending

replaced

operation:

100V

operation:

120V

operation:

240V

input fuse

the

on

one

with

located

is

voltage of

following

of the

F15A,

F12A,

250V

F8A,

the

250V

behind

line

values:

:

a

power

::

:

::

:

::

:

small

:

::

the

,

:

removable

line-power

HP

:

HP

:

HP

:

Select

Line

CAUTION

HP-IB

Select

.

the

source

voltage

being

The

either

Line Select

or 230

115 V

switch adapts

whichever

V,

instrument

the

most

closely

the

to

matches

power

supplied to the Line Input. To change Line Select, remove the black plastic

insert, rotate clockwise 180, and reinsert it.

Before switching on this instrument, make sure that the line voltage selector

switch is set to the voltage of the power supply and the correct fuse is

installed. Assure the supply voltage is in the specied range.

the

The

HP-IB

connector

allows

an external

computer

communicate

to

with

instrument.

1-16

The Instrument at a Glance

Parallel

Printer Port

High Speed Data Port

Degauss

+15 V, 150 mA output

Gate

rigger

T

100

Opt

Memory

Protect

The Parallel Printer Port allows the instrument to communicate with remote

printers or plotters.

Not used.

Activates a CRT screen degaussing.

The +15 V, 150 mA output provides power for external modules, such as the

HP 54118A 18 GHz trigger.

compatible

TTL

This

Cal

protected

cal

system

mode (

protected

\2-12 GHz

Frame

Best

orces

F

programming

power-up

boot

orces

F

ROM

at

ROM

input

Option 100

Up

being

perform

Not

In

loaded

(approximately

Leave

allows

only

position

overwritten;

used.

down

in

gating

)"

from

of

Chapter

in

prevents

mainframe

position,

up

the

disk

the

minutes).

7

position (factory

for

13

timebase

switch

to

calibration.

operating

disk

the

in

additional

calibration

position

down

system

drive

use only).

information.

from

to

be

will

power-up

at

Refer to

.

trigger

GHKz

12

the

programming

1-17

The Instrument at a Glance

2

General

Purpose

Keys

General Purpose Keys

What you'll nd in this chapter

The front panel includes the following functions:

the Clear Displaykey

the Fine function

the Help key

the Local key

y

ke

Run

the

y

Stop/Single

the

ke

This

chapter

describes

each

functions.

these

of

The

alphabetically

listed

are

y

.

2-2

The Clear Display Key

The Clear Display key erases all channel and function waveform data from

the graticule area, and resets all associated measurements and measurement

statistics.

When the

stopped

the

When

running

instrument is

instrument

instrument is

If the

until the

data

new

instrument

If the

is

acquisition and

stopped, the

trigger circuit

displayed

is

running,

is

measurements

all

rearmed

is

measurements

and

new

display

the

and

waveform

recalculated.

are

remains

instrument

recalculated.

are

data

cleared

displayed

is

waveform

of

triggered.

is

on

the

data

Then,

2-3

llllllllllllllllllll

The

Fine Function

The Fine function increases the resolution of the knob used to adjust the

channel scale, oset, and time base scale.For example, on most plug-ins the

knob changes the channel scale in a 1-2-5 sequence, such as 10 mV,20mV,

and 50 mV.

When the Fine function is selected, the knob changes the channel scale in

smaller increments, such as 10.0 mV,10.1mV, 10.2 mV.

To put the instrument in the Fine mode, press:

N

4

5

Fine

Shift

.

mode

Fine

the

exit

Fine

to

the

mode

word

is

FINE

active

at

the

top-right

corner

of

graticule

the

.

Repeat

screen

The

when

area

the

process

displays

the

2-4

The Help Key

The Help key assists you in nding the key sequence used to execute a

particular feature. When Help is pressed, a three-column index is displayed

on the screen.

The left column lists the features of the instrument.

The middle column lists the hardkeys.

The right column lists the softkeys.

Use either

the knob

or arrow

keys

Figure 2-1. The Help menu.

signal

a

move

to

scale

,

menu

Help

the

in

right

the

and

,

key

listed under dierent names

, vertical

or vertical scale

example

or

F

vertical

Channel

the

Features may be

also looked for scale

the same key sequence to follow

scroll

to

vertically on

middle column

The

list.

column

instructs you

.

through

the

display

,

to

.For example

features

of

list

up

look

instructs

the

press

, you could have

.

Channel

to

you

Scale

. Each of these titles give you

press

key

.

2-5

The Local Key

To access the Local function, press:

4

Shift54Local

5

The Local function returns control of the instrument to the front panel. This

is the only key that is active when the instrument is under remote control.

The exception occurs when the controller sends a Local Lockout command.

The Local Lockout command disables the Local function key.

2-6

The Run Key

The Run key causes the instrument to resume acquiring data. If the

instrument is stopped, it starts acquiring data on the next trigger event. If

the instrument is already in the Run mode, it continues to acquire data on

successive trigger events.

If pressing the Run key does not cause waveform data to display on the

screen, try the following:



Press the Autoscale key.

Make

sure a



that channel

sure the

Make



Check



for

valid

the

Set



,

trigger

up

set

trigger

the

Trigger

which

front

the

signal is

is turned

oset does

setup

signal.

Sweep

may

panel

connected to

on.

not

conditions

mode

you

allow

properly

have

Freerun.

to

see

to

.

one

the

make

to

enough

the

of

trace

Freerun

channels

clipped

the

sure

the

of

the

and

display

the

o

trigger conditions

instrument

the

forces

so that

signal

display

.

you

for

are

to

can

2-7

The Stop/Single Key

Pressing the Stop/Single key causes the instrument to stop acquiring data.

The status area of the screen displays the message:

Acquisition is stopped.

Each subsequent press of the Stop/Single key rearms the trigger circuit. A

complete acquisition cycle is performed, any measurements are recalculated,

and the status area of the screen displays the message:

complete.

Acquisition

is

channels are

of the

If all

instrument will

turned o

not acquire

or

any data.

if

trigger

a

event

found,

not

is

the

2-8

3

Specications

Characteristics

and

Specications and Characteristics

What you'll nd in this chapter

This chapter lists specications and characteristics for the HP 83480A digital communications analyzer

and the HP 54750A digitizing oscilloscope. Specications apply over the temperature range +15C

to +35C (unless otherwise noted) after the instrument's temperature has been stabilized after 60

minutes of continuous operation.

Specications

described

Characteristics

warrants

service

HP

Characteristics

Cycle

instrument

periodic

specications

instrument.

Calibration

HP

specications,

an

at

Additional

modules.

provide

facility

warranted

nonwarranted

useful,

printed

are

specications

recalibrations

24

every

characteristics

and

performance

italics

in

the

over

necessary

are

months.

are

.

information

.

recommended

W

.

included

the

about

calibration interval.

e recommend

the user's

in

functions

the

that

guides for

performance

and

T

83480A

HP

the

maintain

o

individual

calibrated

be

the

of

plug-in

3-2

Horizontal system

Scale factor

Delay

interval

Time

interval resolution

Time

display

Time

accuracy

resolution

Full scale is ten divisions.

Minimum

Maximum

::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::

:::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: :::::::

Time oset relative to trigger.

::

:

Minimum

Maximum

ps

8



(screen

451

:

::

of

0.1%

6

diameter)/(record

points

horizontally

:

reading

1000

:

(dual

:

::

screen

marker

length)

:

or

:

diameters

62.5

::

:

10

or

measurement)

whichever

,

fs

:

::

whichever

,

s

is

:

larger

:

10 ps/div

1 s/div

:

smaller

is

22

ns

3-3

bandwidth

rigger

T

Sensitivity

width

Pulse

Trigger specications

electrical and optical channels

Standard instrument, 2.5 GHz mode

2.5 GHz

0

dc

mV

200

40

200

mV

ps

p-p

>

200

at 100

mV

MHz, increasing

linearly

to

p-p

at

2.5

GHz.

Bandwidth

Maximum

Jitter

limit

trigger

signal

Trigger

enabled.

Vdc

2

6

ps

2.5



3-4

bandwidth

ac peak

+

5E-5

+

rms

reduced

to

(+16 dBm)

delay

2

approximately

2.5

setting

(at

100

GHz

MHz

with

200

bandwidth

source).

mV

limit

Specications and Characteristics

Trigger specications

electrical and optical channels

Option 100, 12 GHz mode

For more information on Option 100 triggering, refer to Chapter 13, \How the

Instrument Works" located in this book.

Trigger bandwidth

Sensitivity

signal

Maximum

trigger

Jitter

bandwidth

Trigger

Sensitivity

Trigger gating levels

characteristic

(

)

2.0 GHz012 GHz

(1 GHz to 15 GHz typical)

200 mV p-p from 2.0 GHz to 12 GHz (sine wave input)

dBm)

(+16

peak

ac

+

Vdc

2

6

ns

100

than

less

delay

time

with

rms

ps

2

<

Option

more information

or

F

Instrument

GHz

2.0

100,

12

0

W

12 GHz/Gate

on Option

located

orks"

(typical)

GHz

in

this

mode

100

book.

triggering,

refer

Chapter

to

300 mV p-p from 2.0 GHz to 12 GHz (sine wave input) (typical)

Standard TTL:

:

::

:

::

:

::

:

::

:

Disable

Enable

Maximum allowable range

:

::

:

::

:

::

:

::

:

:::::: ::::::

::::: ::::::: ::::::: ::::::

\How

13,

:

::

:

::

:

0.0V|5.0V

:

<

>

the

0.8V

2.0V

3-5

General specications

Use

Temperature

Humidity

Altitude

Vibration

Indoor

Operating

Non-operating

T

O

N

test

This

Operating

Non-operating

Operating

Non-operating

:::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: :

:::::: :::::: ::::::: :::::040C to +70C(040F to +158F)

E

::

:

95%

:

::

:

period.

humidity

up

:

requires

warm-up

hour

one

a

to

:

up

:

::

:

::

:

15C to +35C(59Fto+95F)

(non-condensing)

:

::

:

::

humidity

up

:

up

:

4,600 meters

to

15,300

to

relative

90%

to

:

::

:

Operating

Random vibration 50500 Hz, 10 minutes per axis,0.3g

Non-operating

Random vibration 50500 Hz, 10 minutes per axis,2.41g

search,

minute

5

500

to

5

resonant

Hz

swept

dwell

at

sine

4

octave/minute

1

,

resonances

per

sweep rate

.

axis

at

+35

+65

meters

rms

; Resonant

rms

,



(+95

C



(+149

C

(15,000 ft)

(50,000

0.75g,



F)



F)

ft)

3-6

Specications and Characteristics

Power Requirements

Weight (approximate)

Dimensions

Voltage

Power

Net

Shipping

H2W2D 238.2 mm2433.6 mm2637.38 mm

:::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: ::::

::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: :::::::

::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: ::::

::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: :::::::

(9.378 in217.071 in225.094 in)

90 to 132 or 198 to 264 Vac, 48-66 Hz

1200 VA; 650 W

24.5 kg (54 lb)

31.8 kg (70 lb)

3-7

Specications and Characteristics

4

Calibration

Overview

Calibration Overview

What you'll nd in this chapter

This chapter briey explains the calibration of the instrument. It is intended to give you, or the

calibration laboratory personnel, an understanding of the various calibration levels available, and how

they were intended to be used.

4-2

Mainframe Calibration

Mainframe calibration improves timebase accuracy. The calibration factors are

stored in the instrument's nonvolatile RAM.

NOTE

Mainframe calibration should be done on a periodic basis (at least annually), or if the temperature

since the last mainframe calibration has changed more than65C and measurements of the highest

accuracy

The procedures

HP

are required.

83480A,

and equipment

Service

54750A

needed

Guide

to

perform

mainframe

a

calibration

are

optional

the

in

included

.

the

1. T

temperature

the

see

o

change

since

screen, press:

4

5

y

Utilit

N

NN

N

Calibrate

Cal

temperature

The

status

on

change

displayed

is

as

,

N

NN

N

NN

N

Current Frame Temperature 1:_C

2. To initiate a mainframe calibration, press:

4

5

Utility

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

NN

Calibrate

N

NN

N

NN

N

NN

N

NN

N

Calibrate

frame

calibration

last

on

the

Cal

status

4-3

Calibration Overview

Mainframe Calibration

NOTE

There is a switch on the back panel of the instrument that allows the mainframe calibration to be

enabled or disabled. The rear panel includes a drawing showing each switches function and protected

position.

this switch.

To prevent access to the mainframe calibration switch, place a sticker over the access hole to

Refer to the optional

calibration, and the position of the rear-panel memory protect switches.

HP 83480A, 54750A Service Guide

for more details about the mainframe

4-4

Plug-in Module Calibration

The Plug-in calibration allows the instrument to establish the calibration

factors for a specic plug-in when the plug-in is installed in the mainframe.

The plug-in calibration factors are valid only for the mainframe in which it

was calibrated and the slot in which it was calibrated.

Plug-in calibrations should be done annually or if the plug-in has been

repaired, reprogrammed, or if the monitored instrument temperature has

changed more than65C, or the plug-in has been moved to a dierent

slot.

mainframe

osee

1. T

screen,

or

the temperature

press:

4

5

y

Utilit

N

NN

N

change since

N

the

calibration

last

on

status

Cal

the

Calibrate

N

NN

N

NN

N

Cal

status

on

2.

T

o initiate

4

5

y

Utilit

N

a

N

plug-in

N

NN

N

calibration,

N

press:

Calibrate

N

Calibrate

additional

No

Reference

equipment

signals

plug-in

both

are

required

is

generated

perform

to

and

routed

plug-in

a

internally

calibration.

the

for

,

NN

N

NN

N

NN

and electrical channels. A user O/E cal is available with optical channels

for non-factory calibrated wavelengths or for improving measurement

accuracy. An optical signal of known power and wavelength is required.

(A coax cable is required for the electrical channel. Refer to the plug-in

module user's guide for more information.)

optical

4-5

Calibration Overview

Plug-in Module Calibration

Skew,probes, O/E converters

Electrical channels have calibration procedures for:



adjusting timebase skew, for matching propagation delay between channels,

probes, cables, and so forth



using external probes

Optical channels have calibration procedures for:



adjusting timebase skew



monitoring



performing

the

to

Refer

calibrations

and adjusting

a user-dened

plug-in

module

.

internal osets

O/E responsivity

for

user's

guide

adjustment

more information

on these

4-6

Probe Calibration

Probe calibration allows the instrument to establish the gain and oset of

specic probes that are connected to a channel of the instrument, and then

apply those factors to the calibration of that channel.

1. To perform a probe calibration, press:

4

5

Channel

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Calibrate

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

probes

the

like

factors

Probe

the instrument

54701A,

HP

that

for

can identify

the instrument

channel,

even if

through the

probe power

automatically adjusts

a probe

calibration

the

not

is

Calibrate

active

or

F

connector

vertical

,

scale

performed.

passive

or

F

vertical

you

If

2.

enter

4

probes

scale

not

do

attenuation

the

5

Channel

N

NN

N

external

N

factors

perform

N

NN

non-identied

or

only

a

factor

N

NN

N

scale

N

a

if

probe

calibration

pressing:

by

the

,

probes

calibration

but

instrument

performed.

is

to

want

use

adjusts

a

the

passive

probe

Attenuation

network,

calibrate

calibration

probe

the

use

can

ou

Y

to

any

including probes

or cable assemblies. The instrument calibrates the voltage at the tip of the

probe or the cable input.

If the probe being calibrated has an attenuation factor that allows the

instrument to adjust the gain (in hardware) to produce even steps in the

20,

have

divide

or

like 3.75,

vertical

standard

100.

by

factors

scale

attenuation

probe

the

If

, the

factors

being

instrument

as

, such

calibrated

will

divide

has

do

by

an

Typically

.

so

10,

unusual

probes

,

divide

by

attenuation,

the instrument may have to adjust the vertical scale factors to an unusual

number, such as 3.75 V/div

.

,

4-7

Calibration Overview

5

Eye

Mask

,

and

Eyeline

Mode Measurement

Tutorials

Eye, Mask and Eyeline Mode Measure-

ment Tutorials

What you'll nd in this chapter

This chapter consists of the following three tutorial sections:

Eye Diagram Measurements These measurements are used to characterize the eye.They are:

Extinction ratio, Eye height, Crossing %, Eye width, Jitter, Duty

cycle distortion, Q-factor, Rise time,andFall time.

Mask Measurements

Measurements

Eyeline

information

more

or

F

measured

made

masks.

with

.

the

standard

of

number

a

this

in

then

and

description of

a

communications

Chapter

to

against

tutorial.

a margin

and

The

measurement is

the HP

usage when

analyzer

in

later

6

e

ye

this

is

Eyeline

used with

.

manual.

measured

be

y

ma

ye

The e

section

,

in

and

is used

place

includes

installation

its

digital

refer

One example

mask

the

This

software

83480-series

HP

mask measurements,

or

ye

e

on

5-2

Making Eye Diagram Measurements

The instrument has the ability to automatically characterize an NRZ eye

pattern or digital data on a digital bus. Measurements are based upon a

statistical analysis of the waveform, and require a statistical database.This

database is established automatically when the instrument is in color graded

display mode (see the

4

Display

5

key in the menus section of this manual, for

more information). Color grade mode must be activated whenever an eye

measurement is made.

completing

After

measurements of

83480A

height

percentage

width

jitter

cycle

ratio

distortion

Extinction

HP

Eye

Crossing

Eye

Duty

Q-factor

83480A

HP

time

Rise

time

all

F

tutorial,

this

your transmitter's

54750A

HP

or

only

54750A

HP

or

only

will

you

data waveform.

with

able

be

optional

make

to

83480K

the

upgrade

following

.

eye

5-3

Eye, Mask and Eyeline Mode Measurement Tutorials

Making Eye Diagram Measurements

Setting up the system

Set up the measurement system according to Figure 5-1.For this

particular set of measurements, we are testing a laser source, using an

HP 83485A plug-in module with an integrated optical to electrical converter.

Measurements are also available when measuring electrical signals.

5-4

Figure

5-1.

Setting

up

your

measurement

system.

Eye, Mask and Eyeline Mode Measurement Tutorials

Making Eye Diagram Measurements

Positioning the waveform

To make Eye Diagram measurements, the data waveform must be properly

positioned on the instrument display. The measurement algorithm needs at

least two full crossing points on screen to be able to make the measurements.

You should also have about four divisions of vertical scale. Refer to

Figure 5-2.

accomplish

o

T

.

base

this

Figure 5-2. Position of data waveform.

the trigger

set

to

need

you

vertical

,

scale

,

and

the

time

5-5

Eye, Mask and Eyeline Mode Measurement Tutorials

Making Eye Diagram Measurements

Setting the trigger

1. To set the trigger, press:

4

5

Trigger

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

Source

Select the plug-in module where you have input the trigger signal.

2. To set the trigger level, press:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

level

Adjust the knob so the trigger level is in the middle of its range. See the

following note.

E

T

O

N

high and

module

0.5

0

Chapter

the

V

.

The

6

If

in

the trigger

trigger

this

the

ypically

T

clock

the

of

varies between

more

on

information

to activate

For

trigger

or

0

either

1

level

volts

the

on

of

signal

and

rising

triggering,

instrument

the

connected

volts,

0

falling

or

refer

the

to

edge

to

set

is

the

trigger

of

the

to

trigger

level

the

rigger

T

value

a

port

would

trigger

menu

midwa

on

signal.

the

set

be

section

between

y

plug-in

to

of

low

can

manual.

levels

signal

be

set

5-6

Eye, Mask and Eyeline Mode Measurement Tutorials

Making Eye Diagram Measurements

Adjusting the vertical

scale

base

time

Selecting

the

3. To adjust the vertical scale, press:

4

5

Channel

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

Display

(on the front-panel of the plug-in module)

on

4. To perform an optical transmitter compliance measurement, activate the

lter to set the channel bandwidth by pressing:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Bandwidth/wavelength...

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Filter

on

NNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Done

press:

5.

o

T

adjust

N

NN

the vertical

N

scale,

Scale

keys

arrow

Selecting

o

T

6.

djust

A

located

select

4

Time

N

NN

N

Units

the

N

Channel

the

5

base

N

bit

scale

to

N

time

period

for

the

N

NN

N

autoscale

base

a

knob

N

,

HP

(

four

.

NN

N

press:

83480A

division

N

will

only

display,

data

generally

)

give

by using

you

the

same

results

.

select

Select

7.

2.48832

the

bit

rate

of

your

transmitter

.

example

this

or

F

GHz STM16/OC48.

NN

N

NN

N

Bit rate(HP 83480A only)::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

,

2.48832 GHz

Use the arrow keys to select the desired rate.

8. Scale the waveform to show two complete crossings (refer to Figure 5-2)

by pressing:

N

NN

N

Scale

arrow

display with

the

djust

A

center the waveform on the instrument display

o

9. T

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

NNNNNNNNN

the

keys

,

the

keypad,

or

, press:

.

knob

the

Position

Adjust the display with

the arrow keys

, the keypad, or the knob

.

5-7

Eye, Mask and Eyeline Mode Measurement Tutorials

Making Eye Diagram Measurements

NOTE

For HP 83480A only:

The instrument has the capability to set its horizontal scale in time units, as is typical with

conventional oscilloscopes, or in a scale corresponding to bit periods. By selecting bit period and

entering the bit rate, the time base can then be set to show a specic number of bits. For instance,if

a transmitter is operating at 2.48832 Gbit/sec, select the STM16/OC48 setting for the bit period. To

display two complete eyes of the pattern, the scale is then set to two bits. If the position of the bit

pattern needs to be oset by one half bit, the current position value is adjusted by one half bit. This

format.

time

a

in

directly

working

than

intuitive

more

is

5-8

Eye, Mask and Eyeline Mode Measurement Tutorials

Making Eye Diagram Measurements

Making the measurement

Four active eye measurements may be simultaneously displayed at the bottom

left side of the instrument display. Previously setup measurements remain

active as new measurements are added to the bottom of the list. As these

new measurements are made, the list scrolls up. If a fth measurement is

added, the rst measurement is deactivated and the measurement is scrolled

o the display.

To access the eye measurements described at the beginning of this section,

press:

N

NN

N

NN

4

5

Meas Eye

Shift

softkeys

E

T

O

turned

be

automatically

the

E

OT

of

eye

measurements

on the

on.

from the

measurement.

column

A

Measure

\

N

Eye parametric

than directly

must

will

measurement

activating

N

Only one channel at

the color grade database

side

right

the

on

displayed.

is

",

from

made

are

make

o

active

When

on the

turn

choices above

channel.

selecting

T

measurement

a

color grade

the numeric

mode

a time should be active to make e

.

of

histogram

measurements,

these

from

it

if

,

keypad,

instrument's

color

N

NN

N

Eye

turn

screen, titled

database

y

displa

grade

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menu,

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on

color

instrument

the

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grade

,

mode

rather

a

prior

instrument's

the

analysis

N

the

already

not

is

the

of

N

Meas

user

the

N

activated.

must

ye measurements and other measurements on

to

5-9

Eye, Mask and Eyeline Mode Measurement Tutorials

Making Eye Diagram Measurements

Measuring extinction ratio

For HP 83480A only

Extinction ratio is the ratio of the most prevalent high logic level to the

most prevalent low logic level over one bit interval. As the logic low level

approaches 0 volts or watts, the extinction ratio can become very high. Any

residual oset signals within the instrument can become signicant if their

magnitude approaches the logic 0 level. A more accurate measurement of

extinction ration would be:

cent

per

atio

xtinction

E

Because

extinction

o

turn

to

the

After

of

Some

therefore

o,

instrument's

the

extinction

mean

the

nominally

of this

the

r

relationship

measurement

ratio

laser

the

calibration

will

data

laser

the

,

display

measurement

ratio

level

high

middle

the

that

so

performed,

is

measured

be

should

over

20%

part

,

the

windowed

a

of



P

100

=

the

of

do

to

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instrument's

data

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turned

be

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be

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is

.

eye

the

P

0

k

dar

P

k

dar

P

base

top

0

procedure

dark calibration.

a

internal oset

database

the

for

acquired

allowed to

on,

have

to

measurement

the

using

the

portion

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

performing

for

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will begin

while the

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valid

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eye

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can

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database

window

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instructed

measured.

be

acquire

to

still

is

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and

,

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.

database

as

is

.

Marker lines

information

more

or

F

Measure menu

on

in Chapter

dening

10 of

your

this

measurements

manual.

,

Dene

the

to

refer

The marker lines delineate the measurement boundaries. The X markers

dene the measurement window. Only data taken inside this window is

used to determine the measurement results. The Y markers dene vertical

boundaries of the measurement.

window

The

the

extinction

center

20%

measurement

ratio

the

of

eye

All data

.

made

is

points

rst determining

by

measurement

that

in

a

window

used to determine the logic level 1 and 0.

5-10

in

are

Eye, Mask and Eyeline Mode Measurement Tutorials

Making Eye Diagram Measurements

ratio

softkey menus

not

if

,

menus

NN

N

Continue

level

1.

Select

activate

2.

Select

displayed

a.

N

NN

Ext.

the

NN

N

Dark

on the

the

o

Turn

establishes

Figure

N

NN

N

ratio...

grade

color

N

NN

from

Cal

screen.

laser

basis

a

N

and

,

for

5-3.

N

from

database

the

select

the

Extinction

the

softkey

oset

extinction ratio measurement may be made.

NOTE

calibration

dark

The

b. Turn on the laser

requires

let it stabilize

,

, and select

the

with

level,

signal

the

that

CONTROL group on the instrument's front display

measurement.

.

currently

follow

and

,

N

NN

from

instrument,

the

of

laser o,

4

Clear displa

Press

active

the

on

be

N

NN

Continue

.

instructions

the

softkey

screen.

5

y

.

N

menu.

so that

from the

N

to

a true

This

5-11

Eye, Mask and Eyeline Mode Measurement Tutorials

Making Eye Diagram Measurements

3. Select the format that you wish your measurement to be displayed by

pressing the

4.

Select

displayed on the lower left corner of the instrument display.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Enter

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

format

from the softkey menus and your measurement will be

softkey to cycle among

ratio, decibel,

and%.

5-12

Eye, Mask and Eyeline Mode Measurement Tutorials

Making Eye Diagram Measurements

Measuring eye height

Eye height is a measurement of the vertical opening of the eye. The

measurement database is analyzed to determine the mean and standard

deviation of the high level and low level. Eye height is dened as:

Ey e height=(V

top

03

top

)0(

V

base

+3



base

)

These measurements are made over the middle 20% of the eye by default.

The measurement window can be changed by use of the

measurement.

height

Eye

5-4.

Figure

4

Dene meas

5

menu.

1.

Select

N

Eye

height

from

the

softkey

menu

on

instrument

the

N

NN

N

NN

N

NN

N

and the measurement will be displayed in the lower left corner of the

instrument display

.

display,

5-13

Eye, Mask and Eyeline Mode Measurement Tutorials

Making Eye Diagram Measurements

Measuring crossing %

Crossing percentage is a relative measurement of the amplitude of the

crossing points of the eye. The mean crossing point is located rst on the

horizontal axis and then on the vertical axis. This is then used with the mean

high and low levels as follows:

C rossing per cent

=100



V

0

cross

V

0

top

V

base



base

These measurements are made over the middle 20% of the eye by default.

4

the

of

use

measurement

The

window

can

changed

be

by

Dene

meas

menu.

5

Figure 5-5. Crossing percentage measurement.

Select

NNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Crossing %

from the softkey menu on the instrument display

1.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

The measurement will be displayed in the lower left corner of the

instrument display.

5-14

.

Eye, Mask and Eyeline Mode Measurement Tutorials

Making Eye Diagram Measurements

Measuring eye width

Eye width is a measurement of the horizontal opening of the eye. The

mean crossing points T

cross1,Tcross2

, and horizontal standard deviation are

determined. The Eye width is determined as:

Ey e width=(T

1.

Select

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Eye width

measurement

display

.

cross

03

2

cross

)0(

T

cross

1

+3



cross

)

Figure 5-6. Eye width measurement.

from the softkey menu on the instrument display.The

instrument

the

be displayed

will

in

the

lower

left

corner

of

5-15

Eye, Mask and Eyeline Mode Measurement Tutorials

Making Eye Diagram Measurements

Measuring jitter

Jitter of the eye is determined by computing the standard deviation of the

horizontal (time) histogram of the crossing point. RMS jitter is 1 standard

deviation, while peak-to-peak jitter is 6 standard deviations (63 standard

deviations).

J itter RM S

=1

J itter p0p=6

Figure 5-7. Jitter measurement.



crossing

1.

2. Select the format that you wish your measurement to be displayed, by

3.

N

Select

Jitter...

selecting either

N

Select

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Enter

the

from

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Format

from

RMS or and

the softkey menus

softkey menu

on

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Format

p-p.

, and your measurement will be

instrument

the

displayed on the lower left corner of the instrument display

display

.

N

NN

N

NN

N

5-16

Agilent 83480A User's Guide

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual