Agilent 8169A User Manual

User's Guide

HP 8169A Polarization Controller

SERIAL NUMBERS

This guide applies to all instruments.

ABCDE

HP Part No. 08169-91011

Printed in the Federal Republic of Germany

First Edition

E0396

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c

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First Edition : 1st September 1994 : 08169-91011 : E0994

: 1st March 1996 : 08169-91011 : E0396

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Safety Summary

The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases

of operation, service, and repair of this instrument. Failure to comply with

these precautions or with specic warnings elsewhere in this manual violates

safety standards of design, manufacture

, and intended use of the instrument.

Hewlett-Packard Company assumes no liability for the customer's failure to

comply with these requirements.

General

This is a Safety Class 1 instrument (provided with terminal for

protective earthing) and has been manufactured and tested according to

international safety standards.

Operation - Before applying power

Comply with the installation section.

Additionally, the following shall be observed:

Do not remove instrument covers when operating.

Before the instrument is switched on, all protective earth terminals

, extension

cords, auto-transformers and devices connected to it should be connected to a

protective earth via a ground socket. Any interruption of the protective earth

grounding will cause a potential shock hazard that could result in serious

personal injury.

Whenever it is likely that the protection has been impaired, the instrument

must be made inoperative and be secured against any unintended operation.

Make sure that only fuses with the required rated current and of the specied

type (normal blow, time delay, etc.) are used for replacement. The use of

repaired fuses and the short-circuiting of fuseholders must be avoided.

Adjustments described in the manual are performed with power supplied to

the instrument while protective covers are removed. Be aware that energy at

many points may, if contacted, result in personal injury.

Any adjustments, maintenance, and repair of the opened instrument under

voltage should be avoided as much as possible, and when unavoidable, should

be carried out only by a skilled person who is aware of the hazard involved.

Do not attempt internal service or adjustment unless another person, capable

of rendering rst aid and resuscitation is present. Do not replace components

with power cable connected.

Do not operate the instrument in the presence of ammable gases or fumes.

Operation of any electrical instrument in such an enviroment constitutes a

denite safety hazard.

Do not install substitute parts or perform any unauthorized modication to

the instrument.

Be aware that capacitors inside the instrument may still be charged even if

the instrument has been disconnected from its source of supply.

iv

Safety Symbols

The apparatus will be marked with this symbol when it is

necessary for the user to refer to the instruction manual in

order to protect the apparatus against damage.

Caution, risk of electric shock.

Frame or chassis terminal.

Protective conductor terminal.

Hazardous laser radiation.

Warning

Caution

The WARNING sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to

a procedure, practice or the like, which, if not correctly

performed or adhered to, could result in injury or loss of

life. Do not proceed beyond a WARNING sign until the

indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

The CAUTION sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to

an operating procedure, practice or the like, which, if not

correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to

or destruction of part or all of the equipment. Do not proceed

beyond a CAUTION sign until the indicated conditions are fully

understood and met.

v

Contents

1. Getting Started

The Basic Operating Principle ................. 1-1

Using the Polarization Controller for Polarization Analysis ... 1-2

Editing ............................ 1-3

Editing Using the Entry Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

Editing Using the Modify Keys and Knob ........... 1-3

Resetting Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

2. Setting a State of Polarization

Setting up the Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Setting the Position of the Polarizing Filter .......... 2-1

Setting the State of Polarization ................ 2-3

Positioning the/4 and/2 Retarder Plates .......... 2-4

Using the Circle Mode .................... 2-4

Example: Setting the Optimum Transmission SoP .. .... 2-4

Set the Polarizing Filter ................. 2-5

Setting the Worst Case Transmission SoP ........ . 2-6

Setting the Optimum Transmission SoP .. ........ 2-7

3. Scanning the Poincare Sphere

Setting up the Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

Setting Up and Executing a Scan ................ 3-1

Example: Measuring the Response to a \Depolarized" Signal .. 3-2

Set the Polarizing Filter ........ ........ .. 3-3

Setting Up the Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

Running the Scan .... ........ ..... .... 3-4

Example: Measuring a Polarization Dependent Loss ...... 3-5

Set the Polarizing Filter ........ ........ .. 3-6

Setting Up the Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

Running the Scan .... ........ ..... .... 3-7

Analyzing the Results .... ........ ...... . 3-7

2-1

Contents-1

4. Other Front Panel Functions

Setting the HP-IB Address ...... ........ ..... 4-1

Storing or Recalling Instrument Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

Storing a Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

Recalling a Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

Resetting the Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

5. Programming the Polarization Controller

HP-IB Interface ........................ 5-1

Setting the HP-IB Address ...... ........ ..... 5-3

Returning the Instrument to Local Control ........... 5-3

How the Polarization Controller Receives and Transmits Messages 5-3

How the Input Queue Works ................. 5-3

Clearing the Input Queue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

The Output Queue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

The Error Queue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

Some Notes about Programming and Syntax Diagram Conventions 5-4

Short Form and Long Form.................. 5-5

Command and Query Syntax ................. 5-5

6. Remote Commands

Command Summary ......................

The Common Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Common Status Information .. ........ ...... . 6-5

SRQ, The Service Request .... ........ ..... 6-6

*CLS .... ........ ...... ........ .. 6-7

*ESE ............................ 6-7

*ESE? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8

*ESR? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8

*IDN? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9

*OPC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10

*OPC? ........ ........ ..... ..... 6-10

*RCL ............................ 6-10

*RST .... ........ ...... ........ .. 6-11

*SAV ............................ 6-11

*SRE .... ........ ...... ........ .. 6-12

*SRE? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12

*STB? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13

*TST? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13

*WAI ...... ........ ...... ........ 6-14

Switching On and O the Instrument Display ...... .... 6-15

6-2

6-5

Contents-2

:DISPlay:ENABle ...................... 6-15

:DISPlay:ENABle? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-15

Positioning the Polarizing Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16

[:INPut]:POSition:POLarizer ...... ........ ... 6-16

[:INPut]:POSition:POLarizer? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16

Setting the State of Polarization ................ 6-17

[:INPut]:CIRCle:EPSilonb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17

[:INPut]:CIRCle:EPSilonb? ................. 6-17

[:INPut]:CIRCle:THETap ................... 6-18

[:INPut]:CIRCle:THETap?.................. 6-18

[:INPut]:POSition:HALF ................... 6-19

[:INPut]:POSition:HALF? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19

[:INPut]:POSition:QUARter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19

[:INPut]:POSition:QUARter? ................ 6-20

Scanning the Sphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21

[:INPut]:PSPHere:RATE ........ ........ ... 6-21

[:INPut]:PSPHere:RATE?.................. 6-21

:INITiate[:IMMediate] .................... 6-21

:ABORt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21

STATus Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-23

Setting Up the STATus Registers .. ........ ..... 6-24

:STATus:PRESet ...................... 6-24

:STATus:OPERation:NTRansition .... ...... ....

:STATus:OPERation:NTRansition? . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-25

6-25

:STATus:OPERation:PTRansition .............. 6-25

:STATus:OPERation:PTRansition? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-25

:STATus:OPERation:ENABle .. ...... ........ 6-25

:STATus:OPERation:ENABle? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-26

:STATus:QUEStionable:NTRansition . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-27

:STATus:QUEStionable:NTRansition? ........... 6-27

:STATus:QUEStionable:PTRansition ........ ..... 6-27

:STATus:QUEStionable:PTRansition? .... ...... . 6-27

:STATus:QUEStionable:ENABle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-27

:STATus:QUEStionable:ENABle? .... ...... ... 6-28

Checking the Status .. ........ ...... ..... 6-29

:STATus:OPERation:CONDition? .............. 6-29

:STATus:OPERation[:EVENt]? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-29

:STATus:QUEStionable:CONDition? ............. 6-30

:STATus:QUEStionable[:EVENt]? .............. 6-30

SYSTem Commands ...... ........ ...... .. 6-31

:SYSTem:ERRor? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-31

Contents-3

:SYSTem:VERSion? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-31

7. Programming Examples

Example 1 - Checking Communication ............. 7-2

Example 2 - Status Registers and Queues ............ 7-3

Example 3 - Finding the Optimum Transmission SoP . . . . . . . 7-7

Example 4 - Finding the Polarization Dependence ........ 7-11

A. Installation

Safety Considerations ..................... A-1

Initial Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

AC Line Power Supply Requirements .............. A-2

Line Power Cable ...................... A-2

Replacing the Fuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-4

Replacing the Battery .................... A-5

Operating and Storage Environment .............. A-5

Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6

Humidity .......................... A-6

Altitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6

Installation Category and Pollution Degree .......... A-6

Instrument Positioning and Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6

Switching on the Polarization Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7

Optical Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Trigger Input and Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

HP-IB Interface ........................ A-8

Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-9

HP-IB Logic Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-9

Claims and Repackaging .................... A-10

Return Shipments to HP ................... A-10

A-7

A-8

B. Accessories

Instrument and Options .. ........ ...... .... B-1

HP-IB Cables and Adapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1

Connector Interfaces and Other Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . B-2

Option 021, Straight Contact Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2

Option 022, Angled Contact Connector ............ B-3

Contents-4

C. Specications

Specications ......................... C-1

Other Specications ...................... C-3

Declaration of Conformity ................... C-4

D. Performance Test

Insertion Loss Variation with Rotation of/4 and/2 Plates .. . D-2

Insertion Loss versus Wavelength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-5

Extinction Ratio of Polarizer .................. D-10

E. Cleaning Procedures

Cleaning Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-1

Cleaning Fiber/Front-Panel Connectors .... ....... .. E-2

Cleaning Connector Interfaces .. ........ ..... .. E-2

Cleaning Connector Bushings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-3

Cleaning Detector Windows .................. E-3

Cleaning Lens Adapters ...... ........ ...... E-3

Cleaning Detector Lens Interfaces ........ ....... E-4

F. Error Messages

Display Messages ...... ........ ...... ... F-1

HP-IB Messages ........................

Command Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Execution Errors ......................

Device-Specic Errors ...... ........ ...... F-6

Query Errors ........................ F-7

F-2

F-2

F-5

Index

Contents-5

Figures

6-1. Common Status Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6

6-2. The Status Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-24

A-1. Line Power Cables - Plug Identication ............ A-2

A-2. Rear Panel Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-4

A-3. Releasing the Fuse Holder .... ...... ........ A-4

A-4. The Fuse Holder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A-5. Correct Positioning of the Polarization Controller ....... A-7

A-6. HP-IB Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

B-1. Straight Contact Connector Conguration . . . . . . . . . . .

B-2. Angled Contact Connector Conguration ...........

D-1. Test Setup for Measuring the Insertion Loss .......... D-2

D-2. Test Setup for Measuring the Reference Power . . . . . . . . . D-7

D-3. Test Setup for Measuring the Extinction Ratio . . . . . . . . . D-10

Tables

5-1. HP-IB Capabilities .. ........ ...... ...... 5-2

6-1. Common Command Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2

6-2. Command List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

6-3. Reset State (Default Setting) ................. 6-11

A-1. Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6

D-1. Equipment used: ...... ...... ....... ... D-1

A-5

A-9

B-2

B-3

Contents-6

1

Getting Started

This chapter describes the basic operating principle, and the basic operating of

the polarization controller.

The Basic Operating Principle

The HP 8169A Polarization Controller transforms polarization relative to a built

in linear polarizer.

This means that the optical input is passed through a linear polarizer (P

extract a single linear polarization.

ol), to

1

Block Diagram and Polarization States (non-polarized!linear polarized)

You should position this plate to get the maximum from the incoming signal

(attach a power meter to the output, and set the angle).

The/4 and the/2 plates are then positioned to control the relative state of

polarization of this signal.

Getting Started 1-1

1

Block Diagram and Polarization States (linear polarized!elliptically

polarized)

You can either set the position of the plates directly, or use the circle application

to set the 2

In addition, using the sphere application, you can vary the angles of the/4 and

the/2 plates continuously. By varying the plate positions slowly, and sampling

the response of your Device Under Test, you can nd the maximum and

minimum power levels, and thus make polarization dependent measurements.

By varying the plate positions quickly, and averaging over all the states of

polarization, you can measure the response of your DUT to a \depolarized"

signal.

"Band 2

Pangles that dene the position on the Poincare Sphere.

Using the Polarization Controller for Polarization Analysis

It is also possible to use the polarization controller to analyze the polarization

of a signal. To do this you attach your incoming signal to the/2 connector, and

attach your power meter to the Pol connector.

Block Diagram for Polarization Analysis

1-2 Getting Started

You analyze the signal by varying the/4 and/2 plates and the polorizer lter,

and examining how this aects the power. It is beyond the scope of this manual

to explain this topic in detail.

Editing

You can edit a parameter by using

the Entry keys,

the Cursor/Vernier keys,or

the Modify knob.

Editing Using the Entry Keys

1. Make sure the correct parameter is selected (the label of the selected

parameter is displayed inverse).

1

2. Type in the new value.

5

3. Press

4

Enter

.

If you mistype the number, you can move the cursor left and right using the

5

5

Cursor keys (

and

4

(

If you want to abort editing, without changing the parameter, press

If the parameter changes back to its old value when you press

).

4

)

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

Cancel

4

5

, then the

Enter

new value would be out of the range allowed for that parameter.

Editing Using the Modify Keys and Knob

1. Make sure the correct parameter is selected (the label of the selected

parameter is displayed inverse).

2. Press any of the Cursor/Vernier keys, to activate editing.

5

5

3. Use the Cursor keys (

and

4

(

4. Change the value using the Vernier keys (

) to move to the rst digit you want to edit.

4

)

5

5

and

4

*

).

4

+

OR

Change the value using the Modify knob.

Getting Started 1-3

.

1

5. Repeat steps list item 3 to list item 4 as often as necessary.

6. Press

4

Enter

5

.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

If you want to abort editing, without changing the parameter, press

Cancel

.

If you cannot change a digit with the Vernier keys or the Modify knob, this

means that the new value would be out of the range allowed for the parameter.

Resetting Parameters

To reset any parameter

1. Make sure the correct parameter is selected (the label of the selected

parameter is displayed inverse).

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

2.

To reset

N

Press

Default

Pol,/4,/2,2

.

5

, AND2

"

B

simultaneously, press

P

4

Home

.

1-4 Getting Started

Setting a State of Polarization

This chapter describes the two ways of setting a State of Polarization,

By positioning the polarizing lter, the/2, and the/4 plates.

By positioning the polarizing lter, and then specifying the desired position on

the Poincare sphere.

Setting up the Hardware

2

2

Note

Typically, you will connect the polarization controller directly after your source,

and before your device under test (DUT). Before connecting to the rest of your

measurement setup, you should set the position of the polarizing lter.

Setting the Position of the Polarizing Filter

The polarizing lter should be set to maximize the signal. This means aligning

the polarizing lter with the greatest linear polarization of the source. (Light

from laser sources is elliptically polarized).

When you are setting up your hardware, it is absolutely vital

that the bers are xed, and remain unmoved for the whole

of the measurement. Moving the bers changes the state of

polarization.

Setting a State of Polarization 2-1

2

Power as a function of the angle of linear polarization for laser light

1. Connect the output of the polarization controller to a power meter.

Setup for maximizing the test signal

2. With all the instruments turned on, press

4

Home

5

on the polarization

controller. This resets the positions of all the plates.

3.

Select the polarization lter.You may need to press

4

Pos

5

and/or

NNNNNNNNNNN

Pol

if the

lter is not already selected.

4. Move the lter to nd the maximum signal through the polarization

controller. One way of doing this is

a. Press the right Cursor key twice to select the units digit.

b. Watching the power meter, and using the Modify knob, adjust the angle of

the polarization lter, until you are in the area of one of the maxima.

c. Select the tenths digit.

d. Watching the power meter, and using the Modify knob, adjust the angle of

the polarization lter, until you nd the maximum.

e. Select the hundredths digit, and adjust the angle of the polarization lter

if necessary to get the absolute maximum.

2-2 Setting a State of Polarization

5. Disconnect the power meter, and connect to your DUT, and the rest of your

measurement setup, making sure to move the bers as little as possible.

Setting the State of Polarization

The state of polarization of a signal can be described by a position on the

Poincare sphere. This position is can be expressed in spherical coordinates by

two angles, called

"Band

P.

2

Pis the optical angle about the 'equator' of the sphere (that is,2

angle of 'longitude').

"Bis half the angle of elevation from the equatorial plane (that is,2

angle of 'latitude').

The coordinates for describing the state of polarization

The state of polarization is always relative to the output from the polarizing

lter.



P

"

is the

is the

B

There are two ways of setting the state of polarization,

by specifying the position of the/4 and/2 retarder plates,or

by specifying

"Band

P, the coordinates on the Poincare sphere.

Setting a State of Polarization 2-3

2

Positioning the/4 and/2 Retarder Plates

You can set the state of polarization by positioning the/4, and/2 plates.

5

1. Select a retarder plate

with the plates.

Press

NNNNNNNNNNN

/4or

NNNNNNNNNNN

/2if the plate you want is not already selected.

.You may need to press

rst to get the display

4

Pos

2. Move the plate to the position you want. (See \Editing" in Chapter 1 if you

need information on changing the angles).

Using the Circle Mode

You can set the state of polarization by specifying the coordinates on the

Poincare sphere. See \Setting the State of Polarization" for an explanation.

5

1. Select an angle.You may need to press

angles.

Press

NNNNNNNNNN

2

"Bor

NNNNNNNNNN

2

Pif the angle you want is not already selected.

rst to get the display with the

4

Circle

2. Change the angle to the value you want. (See \Editing" in Chapter 1 if you

need information on changing the angles).

Example: Setting the Optimum Transmission SoP

To nd the state of polarization which gives optimum transmission for a linear

device under test (DUT), the steps are

i. Set the polarizing lter.

ii. Find the state of polarization for worst case transmission (this is easier to

nd, because the resolution allows greater accuracy at lower power).

iii. Set the state of polarization for optimum transmission.

For this example, you will need, apart from the polarization controller, a laser

source, and a power meter (in the description below, an HP 8153A Multimeter

with a laser module and a sensor module are used). We will use the length of

ber connecting the instruments as our linear DUT.

1. With both instruments switched o, connect the laser source to the

polarization controller.

2. Connect the polarization controller to the power meter.

2-4 Setting a State of Polarization

Setup for setting the position of the polarizing lter.

3. Switch on both instruments, and enable the laser source.

4. Set the channel with the sensor module to the wavelength of the source,

and select the default averaging speed (200ms).

2

Note

Under normal circumstances you should leave the instruments

to warmup. (The multimeter needs around 20 minutes to

warmup.) Warming up is necessary for accuracy of the sensor,

and the output power of the source.

Set the Polarizing Filter.

5

5. Press

6. Press

on the polarization controller.

4

Home

5

.

4

Pos

7. Set the angle of the polarizing lter for maximum throughput.

a. Type in10and press

b. Press

4)5

twice to select the tens digit.

4

Enter

5

.

c. Using the Modify knob, increase the angle slowly until the power read on

the multimeter increases and then starts to decrease.

5

d. Press

once to select the units digit.

4

)

e. Using the Modify knob, decrease the angle slowly until the power read

on the multimeter starts to decrease.

f. Press

4)5

twice to select the hundredths digit.

Setting a State of Polarization 2-5

2

g. Using the Modify knob

the multimeter starts to decrease

maximum power.

, increase the angle slowly until the power on

. Return to the angle that gave the

Setting the Worst Case Transmission SoP.

for the worst case transmission, because we can nd this more accurately (the

resolution of the power meter stays the same, but the full scale value is lower,

therefore we can be more accurate).

We also use the fact that the relationship between power of the signal

transmitted through the DUT and polarization on the surface of the sphere

can be expressed as concentric circles about the worst case (or optimum), and

that for a linear DUT the worst case and optimum are on opposite sides of the

sphere.

Power contours about the worst case on the poincare sphere

This means that we nd the worst case position by moving around the sphere

along the equator rst (that is nding the angle of longitude of the worst case)

and then the overall worst case by moving around this line of longitude.

We set the state of polarization

2-6 Setting a State of Polarization

Power contours with a search path to the worst case transmission state of

polarization

2

8.

Press

4

Circle

5

, and

NNNNNNN

P, to select

.



P

9. Search for the line of longitude with the minimum power (use a similar

method as for the position of the polarizing lter; rst changing the tens

,

then the units, then the hundredths).

Press

NNNNNNN

"B, to select

"B.

10.

11. Search for the angle of latitude with the minimum power.

Setting the Optimum Transmission SoP.

12. Read the value for

"Bfrom the display.

13. Add 180to this value.

14. Type in the new value, and press

4

Enter

5

.

The state of polarization is now set to the value for the current setup that gives

the greatest power through the ber. This is possible here because the ber

behaves linearly.For non-linear components the polarizations for worst case and

optimum transmission will not be on opposite sides of the sphere, and the angle

between them is a characteristic of the component.

Setting a State of Polarization 2-7

3

Scanning the Poincare Sphere

This chapter describes how you can use your polarization controller to measure

polarization dependence, and how you can generate quasi-depolarized signals.

Setting up the Hardware

Note

Typically, you will connect the polarization controller directly after your source,

and before your device under test (DUT). Before connecting to the rest of your

measurement setup, you should set the position of the polarizing lter (this is

described in \Setting the Position of the Polarizing Filter" in Chapter 2).

Setting Up and Executing a Scan

When you are setting up your hardware, it is absolutely vital

that the bers are xed, and remain unmoved for the whole

of the measurement. Moving the bers changes the state of

polarization.

3

The sphere application changes the state of polarization over time,by

rotating the/2 and/4 plates. The rotations can be done slowly, to give a

quasi-randomly polarized signal, which you can use, with suitable data logging

to measure polarization dependence. The rotations can be done quickly,to

give a quasi-depolarized signal, which you can use, with suitable measurement

averaging time to measure depolarized response.

1. Press

4

Sphere

5

to select the application.

Scanning the Poincare Sphere 3-1

The

Pol

Note

when you press

lter angle shown here is the same as the one shown

4

5

. If you have already set this value, there is

Pos

no need to change it.

2. Set the speed at which theplates rotate:

3

Set

SpeedtoFast

and the averaging time of your power meter to longer

than 1s to get measure the response to depolarized signal.

If it is not already selected:

a. Move the Modify knob.

b.

Select

c.

Press

Set

SpeedtoSlow

Fast

using the Modify knob,

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

4

5

,or

Enter

Select

and the averaging time of your power meter as short as

4

+

.

5

,or

NNNNN

#

possible, and use logging to measure polarization dependence.

If it is not already selected:

a. Move the Modify knob.

N

b.

Select

c.

Press

3.

When everything is setup, press

Slow

using the Modify knob,

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

4

5

,or

Enter

Select

.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Exec

4

*

to start the scan.

5

,or

NNNN

"

During the scan, values for the angle of/4 and/2 are shown on the display.

These values are samples. Theplates rotate continuously.

Example: Measuring the Response to a \Depolarized" Signal

To measure the response to a \depolarized" signal for a device under test (DUT),

the steps are

i. Set the polarizing lter.

ii. Set the scanning speed to

Fast

.

iii. Set the averaging time of the power meter.

iv. Start the scan, and measure the value.

For this example, you will need, apart from the polarization controller, a laser

source, and a power meter (in the description below, an HP 8153A Multimeter

3-2 Scanning the Poincare Sphere

with a laser module and a sensor module are used). A roll of ber will act as a

suitable DUT.

1. With both instruments switched o, connect the laser source to the

polarization controller.

2. Connect the polarization controller to the power meter.

Setup for setting the position of the polarizing lter.

3. Switch on both instruments, and enable the laser source.

3

Note

Under normal circumstances you should leave the instruments

to warmup. (The multimeter needs around 20 minutes to

warmup.) Warming up is necessary for accuracy of the sensor,

and the output power of the source.

4. Set the channel with the sensor module to the wavelength of the source,

and select the default averaging speed (200ms) [Press

hold

4

5

Param

to resetT].

4

Param

5

to selectT,

Set the Polarizing Filter

5

5. Press

6. Press

4

4

on the polarization controller.

Home

5

.

Pos

7. Set the angle of the polarizing lter for maximum throughput.

5

a. Type in10and press

b. Press

4)5

twice to select the tens digit.

4

Enter

.

c. Using the Modify knob, increase the angle slowly until the power read on

the multimeter increases and then starts to decrease.

Scanning the Poincare Sphere 3-3

5

d. Press

once to select the units digit.

4

)

e. Using the Modify knob, decrease the angle slowly until the power read

on the multimeter starts to decrease.

f. Press

3

g. Using the Modify knob, increase the angle slowly until the power on

4)5

twice to select the hundredths digit.

the multimeter starts to decrease. Return to the angle that gave the

maximum power.

8. Connect the DUT into the setup, disturbing the setup as little as possible.

Setup with the DUT

Setting Up the Instruments

9. Run the sphere application with a fast scan.

a. Press

b. Make sure that

4

Sphere

5

.

Speed

is set to

Fast

.

If it is not, then

i. Move the Modify knob to start the parameter selection.

N

ii.

iii.

Select

Press

Fast

using the Modify knob,

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Select

.

4+5

,or

NNNN

#

.

10. Set the averaging time on the power meter to 1s [Press

press

4*5

to increaseTto1s].

Running the Scan

Press

N

Exec

on the polarization controller.

11.

NNNNNNNNNNNNN

3-4 Scanning the Poincare Sphere

4

Param

5

to selectT,

There is a slight delay while the application is initialized, and then the values of



/4 and/2 on the display begin to change.

12. When the application is running, read the value for the response of the DUT

to a depolarised signal from the display for the power sensor.

Example: Measuring a Polarization Dependent Loss

To measure the sensitivity to polarization, apply a quasi-random polarization to

the (DUT), the steps are

i. Set the polarizing lter.

ii. Set the scanning speed to

iii. Set the power meter to record.

iv. Start the scan, and record the readings for dierent polarization states.

v. Analyze the results.

For this example, you will need, apart from the polarization controller, a laser

source, and a power meter (in the description below, an HP 8153A Multimeter

with a laser module and a sensor module are used). A roll of ber will act as a

suitable DUT.

1. With both instruments switched o, connect the laser source to the

polarization controller.

2. Connect the polarization controller to the power meter.

Slow

.

3

Setup for setting the position of the polarizing lter.

3. Switch on both instruments, and enable the laser source.

Scanning the Poincare Sphere 3-5

Note

Under normal circumstances you should leave the instruments

to warmup. (The multimeter needs around 20 minutes to

warmup.) Warming up is necessary for accuracy of the sensor,

and the output power of the source.

3

4. Set the channel with the sensor module to the wavelength of the source,

and select the default averaging speed (200ms) [Press

hold

4

5

to resetT].

Param

4

Param

5

to selectT,

Set the Polarizing Filter

5. Press

6. Press

4

5

on the polarization controller.

Home

4

5

.

Pos

7. Set the angle of the polarizing lter for maximum throughput.

5

a. Type in10and press

5

b. Press

twice to select the tens digit.

4

)

4

Enter

.

c. Using the Modify knob, increase the angle slowly until the power read on

the multimeter increases and then starts to decrease.

d. Press

4)5

once to select the units digit.

e. Using the Modify knob, decrease the angle slowly until the power read

on the multimeter starts to decrease.

f. Press

4)5

twice to select the hundredths digit.

g. Using the Modify knob, increase the angle slowly until the power on

the multimeter starts to decrease. Return to the angle that gave the

maximum power.

8. Connect the DUT into the setup, disturbing the setup as little as possible.

3-6 Scanning the Poincare Sphere

Setup with the DUT

Setting Up the Instruments

9. Run the sphere application with a slow scan.

5

a. Press

4

Sphere

.

3

b. Make sure that

Speed

is set to

Slow

.

If it is not, then

i. Move the Modify knob to start the parameter selection.

ii.

iii.

Select

Press

Slow

using the Modify knob,

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Select

.

4

10. Set the averaging time on the power meter to 20ms [Press

5

and

to set it to 20ms].

4

+

11. Set up a Stability measurement over 20 seconds [Press

select

STABILTY

AUTODUMPtoOFF

. Press

]

4

Edit

5

to select

T TOTAL

NNNNN

"

5

,or

*

, and set it to

.

5

to selectT,

Param

5

, and

00:00:20

4

Record

5

to

, set

4

Menu

4

Running the Scan

Press

NNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Exec

on the polarization controller.

12.

There is a slight delay while the application is initialized, and then the values of



/4 and/2 on the display begin to change.

13. When the scan is running, start the recording [Press

4

Exec

5

].

Analyzing the Results

Scanning the Poincare Sphere 3-7

14. When the recording is nished look at the results and nd the dierence

between the highest and lowest [Press

then

4

5

twice to get

Next

This is the Polarization Dependent Loss for the DUT.

3

DIFF

].

4

More

5

to get

SHOW

, press

4

Edit

5

, and

3-8 Scanning the Poincare Sphere

4

Other Front Panel Functions

This chapter covers setting the HP-IB address for the polarization controller, and

storing and recalling instrument settings.

Setting the HP-IB Address

4

You can see or edit the HP-IB address of the instrument by pressing

4

Syst

5

.

The default HP-IB address is 24.

Storing or Recalling Instrument Settings

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Press

4

Syst

5

and them

STO/RCL

to see the actual, current setting of the

instrument, the default setting for the instrument, and the 9 stored settings for

the instrument.

View the various settings by using

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

Previous

and

NNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

Next

.

Storing a Setting

To store the actual instrument setting,

1. Find one of the nine numbered settings, which you can overwrite using

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Previous

2.

Press

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Store

and

.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Next

.

Other Front Panel Functions 4-1

Recalling a Setting

To recall a setting and make it the actual instrument setting,

1.

Find the setting you want to restore, using

Press

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Recall

.

2.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Previous

and

NNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Next

.

Resetting the Instrument

Resetting the instrument returns all the parameters to their default values (the

polarization lter and both wavelength plates are reset to 0.00and the speed

4

for the sphere application is set to

Fast

.

To reset the instrument, you can either

1.

Find the actual setting, using

Press

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Default

.

2.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Previous

and

NNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Next

.

or

1. Find the default setting, using

Press

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Recall

.

2.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Previous

and

NNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Next

.

4-2 Other Front Panel Functions

5

Programming the Polarization Controller

This chapter gives general information on how to control the polarization

controller remotely. Descriptions for the actual commands for the polarization

controller are given in the following chapters. The information in these chapters

is specic to the polarization controller.

HP-IB Interface

The interface used by the polarization controller is the HP-IB (Hewlett-P

ackard

Interface Bus).

This is the interface used for communication between a controller and an

external device, such as the polarization controller. The HP-IB conforms to IEEE

standard 488-1978, ANSII standard MC 1.1 and IEC recommendation 625-1.

The information in these chapters assumes that you are already familiar with

programming over the HP-IB. If you are not familiar with the HP-IB, then refer

to the following books:

Hewlett-Packard Company.

Bus

, 1987.

The International Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.

Tutorial Description of Hewlett-Packard Interface

IEEE

Standard 488.1-1987, IEEE Standard Digital Interface for Programmable

Instrumentation

The International Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.

. New York, NY, 1987

IEEE

Standard 488.2-1987, IEEE Standard Codes,Formats, Protocols and Common

Commands For Use with ANSI/IEEE Std 488.1-1987

. New York, NY, 1987

5

Remote Operation 5-1

To obtain a copy of either of these last two documents, write to:

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

345 East 47th Street

New York, NY 10017

USA.

In addition, the commands not from the IEEE-488.2 standard, are dened

according to the Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments (SCPI).

For an introduction to SCPI, and SCPI programming techniques, refer to the

following documents:

Hewlett-Packard Press (Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc).

Beginners Guide to SCPI

The SCPI Consortium.

. Barry Eppler. 1991.

Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments

A

.

Published periodically by various publishers.To obtain a copy of this manual,

contact your Hewlett-Packard representative.

The polarization controller interfaces to the HP-IB as dened by the IEEE

5

Standards 488.1 and 488.2. The table shows the interface functional subset that

the polarization controller implements.

Table 5-1. HP-IB Capabilities

Mnemonic Function

SH1 Complete source handshake capability

AH1 Complete acceptor handshake capability

T6 Basic talker; serial poll; unaddressed to talk if addressed to listen

L4 Basic listener; unaddressed to listen if addressed to talk; no listen only

SR1 Complete service request capability

RL1 Complete remote/local capability

PP0 No parallel poll capability

DC1 Device clear capability

DT0 No device trigger capability

C0 No controller capability

5-2 Remote Operation

Setting the HP-IB Address

You can only set the HP-IB address from the front panel. See \Setting the HP-IB

Address" in Chapter 4.

The default HP-IB address is 24.

Returning the Instrument to Local Control

If the instrument has been operated in remote the only key you can use is

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

Local

. The

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

Local

key returns the instrument to local control.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

Local

does

not operate if local lockout has been enabled.

How the Polarization Controller Receives and

Transmits Messages

The polarization controller exchanges messages using an input and an output

queue. Error messages are kept in a separate error queue.

How the Input Queue Works

The input queue is a FIFO queue (rst-in rst-out). Incoming bytes are stored in

the input queue as follows:

1. Receiving a byte:

a. Clears the output queue.

b. Clears Bit 7 (MSB).

2. No modication is made inside strings or binary blocks. Outside strings and

binary blocks, the following modications are made:

5

a. Lower-case characters are converted to upper-case.

b. The characters 0016to 0916and 0B16to 1F16are converted to spaces

(2016).

c. Two or more blanks are truncated to one.

Remote Operation 5-3

3. An EOI (End Or Identify) sent with any character is put into the input queue

as the character followed by a line feed (LF,0A

). If EOI is sent with a LF,

16

only one LF is put into the input queue.

4. The parser starts if the LF character is received or if the input queue is full.

Clearing the Input Queue

Switching the power o, or sending a Device Interface Clear signal, causes

commands that are in the input queue, but have not been executed to be lost.

The Output Queue

The output queue contains responses to query messages. The polarization

controller transmits any data from the output queue when a controller

addresses the instrument as a talker.

Each response message ends with a LF (0A16), with EOI=TRUE. If no query is

5

received, or if the query has an error, the output queue remains empty.

The Message Available bit (MAV, bit 4) is set in the Status Byte register

whenever there is data in the output queue.

The Error Queue

The error queue is a FIFO queue (rst-in rst-out). That is, the rst error read is

the oldest error to have occurred.

If too many errors are put into the queue, the message '-350<Queue

Overow>' is placed as the last message in the queue.

Some Notes about Programming and Syntax Diagram

Conventions

A program message is a message containing commands or queries that you send

to the polarization controller. The following are a few points about program

messages:

You can use either upper-case or lower-case characters.

You can send several commands in a single message. Each command must be

separated from the next one by a semicolon (;).

5-4 Remote Operation

You end a program message with a line feed (LF) character, or any character

sent with End-Or-Identify (EOI).

Short Form and Long Form

The instrument accepts messages in short or long forms

message

:DISP:ENAB ON

:DISPLAY:ENABLE ON

.

is in long form, the short form of this message is

.For example, the

In this manual the messages are written in a combination of upper and lower

case. Upper case characters are used for the short form of the message

example, the above command would be written

:DISPlay:ENABle

.For

.

The rst colon can be left out for the rst command or query in your message.

That is, the example given above could also be sent as

DISP:ENAB ON

.

Command and Query Syntax

All characters not between angled brackets must be sent exactly as shown.

The characters between angled brackets (<...>) show the kind of data that

you send, or that you get in a response.You do not type the angled brackets in

the actual message. Descriptions of these items follow the syntax description.

The most common of these are:

string is ascii data. A string is contained between a " at the start and the

end, or a ' at the start and the end.

value is numeric data in integer (12), decimal (34.5) or exponential format

(67.8E-9).

wsp is a white space.

5

Other kinds of data are described as required.

The characters between square brackets ([ . . . ]) show optional information that

you can include with the message.

The bar (j) shows an either-or choice of data, for example,ajbmeans eitheraor

b

, but not both simultaneously.

Extra spaces are ignored; they can be inserted to improve readability.

Remote Operation 5-5

Remote Commands

This chapter gives a list of the remote commands, for use with the HP-IB.

In the remote command descriptions the parts given in upper-case characters

must be given. The parts in lower-case characters can also be given, but they

are optional.

6

6

Remote Commands 6-1

Command Summary

Table 6-1. Common Command Summary

Command Parameter/Response Min Max Function

*CLS

*ESE

*ESE?

*ESR?

*IDN?

*OPC

*OPC?

*RCL

*RST

*SAV

*SRE

*SRE?

*STB?

6

*TST?

*WAI

<

value

<

value

<

value

<

string

<

value

<

location

<

location

<

value

<

value

<

value

<

value

Clear Status Command

>

>

>

>

0 255 Standard Event Status Enable Command

0 255 Standard Event Status Enable Query

0 255 Standard Event Status Register Query

Identication Query

Operation Complete Command

>

>

0 9 Recall Instrument Setting

Operation Complete Query

Reset Command

>

>

>

>

>

1 9 Save Instrument Setting

0 255 Service Request Enable Command

0 255 Service Request Enable Query

0 255 Read Status Byte Query

0 65535 Self Test Query

Wait Command

6-2 Remote Commands

Table 6-2. Command List

Command Parameter

:ABORt

:DISPlay

:ENABle OFFj0jONj1

:ENABle? 0j1

:INITiate

[

[

:INPut

:IMMediate

]

]

:CIRCle

:EPSilonb

:EPSilonb?

:THETap

:THETap?

:POSition

:HALF

:HALF?

:POLarizer

:POLarizer?

:QUARter

:QUARter?

:PSPHere

:RATE 0j1 0 1 1

:RATE? 0j1

:STATus

:OPERation

:CONDition?

:ENABle

:ENABle?

[

:EVENt]?

:NTRansition

:NTRansition?<value

:PTRansition

:PTRansition?<value

:PRESet

Response

<

value

>

<

value

>

<

value

>

<

value

>

<

value

>

<

value

>

<

value

>

<

value

>

<

value

>

<

value

>

<

value

>

<

value

>

<

value

>

<

value

>

<

value

>

>

<

value

>

>

Unit

MINimum MAXimum DEFault

y

-720.00 720.00 0.00

y

y

-2160.00 2160.00 0.00

y

y

-360.00 360.00 0.00

y

y

-360.00 360.00 0.00

y

y

-360.00 360.00 0.00

y

0 65535 0

0 65535 0

0 65535 0

6

Remote Commands 6-3

Table 6-2. Command List (continued)

Command Parameter

Unit

MINimum MAXimum DEFault

Response

:STATus

:QUEStionable

:CONDition?

:ENABle

:ENABle?

[

:EVENt]?

:NTRansition

:NTRansition?<value

:PTRansition

:PTRansition?<value

<

value

<

value

<

value

<

value

<

value

<

value

>

>

0 65535 0

>

>

>

0 65535 0

>

>

0 65535 0

>

:SYSTem

:ERRor?

:VERSion?

y

No unit is specied, but

<

value

>

[always returns 1994.0]

all values are in degrees.

6

6-4 Remote Commands

The Common Commands

The IEEE 488.2 standard has a list of reserved commands

commands. These are the commands that start with an asterisk. Some of these

commands must be implemented by any instrument using the standard, others

are optional. This section describes the implemented commands

Common Status Information

There are four registers for the common status information. Two of these are

status-registers and two are enable-registers. These registers conform to the

IEEE Standard 488.2-1987

under \*ESE", \*ESR?", \*SRE", and \*STB?".

The following gure shows how the registers are organized.

Status Register

.You can nd further descriptions of these registers

, called common

.

6

Remote Commands 6-5

6

Figure 6-1. Common Status Registers

*

The questionable and operation status trees are described in \STATus

Commands".

Note

SRQ, The Service Request

A service request (SRQ) occurs when a bit in the Status Byte register goes from

0!1

The Request Service (RQS) bit is set to1at the same time that the SRQ is

caused. This bit can only be reset by reading it by a serial poll. The RQS bit is

6-6 Remote Commands

AND the corresponding bit in the Service Request Enable Mask is set.

Unused bits in any of the registers return 0 when you read

them.

not aected by the condition that caused the SRQ. The serial poll command

transfers the value of the Status Byte register to a variable.

*CLS

Syntax

Denition

Example

*ESE

Syntax

Denition

*CLS

The *CLS command clears the following:

Standard event status register (ESR)

Status byte register (STB)

The Error Queue

After the

*CLS

command the instrument is left waiting for the

next command. The instrument setting is unaltered by the

command, though

If the

*CLS

command occurs directly after a program message

*OPC/*OPC?

actions are canceled.

terminator, the output queue and MAV, bit 4, in the status byte

register are cleared, and if condition bits 2-0 of the status byte

register are zero, MSS, bit 6 of the status byte register is also

zero.

OUTPUT 724;"*CLS"

*ESE<wsp><value

>

0value255

The

*ESE

command sets bits in the standard event status enable

register (ESE) that enable the corresponding bits in the standard

event status register (ESR).

6

The register is cleared:

At power-on

By sending a value of zero

The register is not changed by the

*RST

and

*CLS

commands.

Remote Commands 6-7

*ESE?

The Event Status Enable Register

BIT MNEMONIC BIT VALUE

7 Power On 128

6 User Request 64

5 Command Error 32

4 Execution Error 16

3 Device dependent Error 8

2 Query Error 4

1 Request Control 2

0 Operation Complete 1

The standard event status enable query returns the contents of

the standard event status enable register.

Example

6

*ESR?

Syntax

Denition

OUTPUT 724;"*ESE 21"

OUTPUT 724;"*ESE?"

ENTER 724; A$

*ESR?

The standard event status register query returns the contents of

the standard event status register. The register is cleared after

being read.

0contents255

6-8 Remote Commands

The Standard Event Status Register

BITS MNEMONICS BIT VALUE

7 Power On 128

6 User Request 64

4 Execution Error 16

3 Device Dependent Error 8

2 Query Error 4

1 Request Control 2

0 Operation Control 1

Example

*IDN?

Syntax

Denition

Example

OUTPUT 724;"*ESR?"

ENTER 724; A$

*IDN?

The identication query commands the instrument to identify

itself over the interface.

Response:

HEWLETT-PACKARD, HP8169A, mmmmmmmmmm, n.nn

HEWLETT-PACKARD

HP8169A

mmmmmmmmmm

: manufacturer

: instrument model number

: serial number

n.nn

: rmware revision level

DIM A$ [100]

OUTPUT 724;"*IDN?"

ENTER 724; A$

6

Remote Commands 6-9

*OPC

Syntax

Denition

*OPC

The instrument parses and executes all program message units

in the input queue and sets the operation complete bit in the

standard event status register (ESR). This command can be used

to avoid lling the input queue before the previous commands

have nished executing.

Example

OUTPUT 724;"*CLS;*ESE 1;*SRE 32"

OUTPUT 724;"*OPC"

*OPC?

This query causes all the program messages in the input queue

to be parsed and executed. Once it has completed it places an

ASCII '1' in the output queue. There is a short delay between

interpreting the command and putting the '1' in the queue.

Example

OUTPUT 724;"*CLS;*ESE 1;*SRE 32"

OUTPUT 724;"*OPC?"

ENTER 724;A$

6

*RCL

Syntax

*RCL<wsp

><

location

>

0location9

Denition

An instrument setting from the internal RAM is made the actual

instrument setting (this does not include HP-IB address or

parser).

You recall user settings from locations 1-9. See \*SAV". Location

0 contains the default setting, which is the same as that

obtained by

Example

OUTPUT 724;"*RCL 3"

6-10 Remote Commands

*RST

.

*RST

Syntax

Denition

*RST

The reset setting (default setting) stored in ROM is made the

actual setting.

Instrument state: the instrument is placed in the idle state

awaiting a command.

The following are not changed:

HP-IB (interface) state

Instrument interface address

Output queue

Service request enable register (SRE)

Standard event status enable register (ESE)

The commands and parameters of the reset state are listed in

the following table.

Table 6-3. Reset State (Default Setting)

Parameter Reset Value

Pol 0.00



/4 0.00



/2 0.00







Speed Fast

6

Example

*SAV

Syntax

Denition

Example

OUTPUT 724;"*RST"

*SAV<wsp

><

location

>

1location9

The instrument setting is stored in RAM. You can store settings

in locations 1-9. The scope of the saved setting is identical with

the scope of the standard setting described in \*RST".

OUTPUT 724;"*SAV 3"

Remote Commands 6-11

*SRE

Syntax

*SRE<wsp

><

value

>

0value255

Denition

The service request enable command sets bits in the service

request enable register that enable the corresponding status

byte register bits.

The register is cleared:

At power-on

By sending a value of zero.

The register is not changed by the

*RST

and

*CLS

commands.

The Service Request Enable Register

BITS MNEMONICS BIT VALUE

7 Operation Status 128

6 Request Status 64

5 Event Status Byte 32

6

4 Message Available 16

3 Questionable Status 8

2 Not used 0

Note

Bit 6 cannot be masked.

*SRE?

The service request enable query returns the contents of the

service request enable register.

Example

6-12 Remote Commands

1 Not used 0

0 Not used 0

OUTPUT 724;"*SRE 48"

*STB?

OUTPUT 724;"*SRE?"

ENTER 724; A$

Syntax

Denition

Example

*STB?

The read status byte query returns the contents of the status

byte register.

0contents255

The Status Byte Register

BITS MNEMONICS BIT VALUE

7 Operation Status 128

6 Request Service 64

5 Event Status Byte 32

4 Message Available 16

3 Questionable Status 8

2 Not used 0

1 Not used 0

0 Not used 0

OUTPUT 724;"*STB?"

ENTER 724; A$

6

*TST?

Syntax

Denition

*TST?

The self-test query commands the instrument to perform a

self-test and place the results of the test in the output queue.

Returned value: 0value65535. This value is the sum of

the results for the individual tests

Remote Commands 6-13

The Self Test Results

BITS MNEMONICS BIT VALUE

14 Motor 3 16384

13 Motor 2 8192

12 Motor 1 4096

10 Counter 3 1024

9 Counter 2 512

8 Counter 1 256

5 DSP Timeout 32

4 DSP Communications 16

3 Calibration Data 8

1 Battery RAM 2

0 Calibration Data Checksum 1

So 16 would mean that the DSP (Digital Signal Processor)

Communications had failed, 18 would mean that the DSP

Communications had failed, and so had the Battery RAM. A

6

value of zero shows no errors.

No further commands are allowed while the test is running.

The instrument is returned to the setting that was active at the

time the self-test query was processed.

The self-test does not require operator interaction beyond

sending the

Example

*WAI

Syntax

Denition

*WAI

The wait-to-continue command prevents the instrument from

executing any further commands, all pending operations are

completed.

Example

OUTPUT 724;"*WAI"

6-14 Remote Commands

*TST?

query.

OUTPUT 724;"*TST?"

ENTER 724; A$

Switching On and O the Instrument Display

These are the commands for enabling or disabling the display on the instrument.

:DISPlay:ENABle

Syntax

Description

:DISPlay:ENABle?

Syntax

Description

Example

:DISPlay:ENABle<wsp>OFFjONj0j1

This command enables or disables the front panel display.

Set the state to

toONor1to switch the display on. The default is for the

display to be on.

:DISPlay:ENABle?

The query returns the current state of the display.

A returned value of0shows that the display is o. A returned

value of1shows that the display is on.

OFFor0

OUTPUT 724;":DISP:ENAB ON"

OUTPUT 724;":DISP:ENAB?"

ENTER 724;A$

to switch the display o, set the state

6

Remote Commands 6-15

Positioning the Polarizing Filter

These are the commands that deal with the position of the polarizing lter

.

[:INPut]:POSition:POLarizer

Syntax

[

:INPut]:POSition:POLarizer<wsp

<

value>j

MINimumjMAXimumjDEFault

>

where value is a oating point number between -360.00 and

360.00.

Description

This command sets the position of the polarizing lter. The

parameter may be either

a number, in mechanical degrees (do not give a unit; the

number will be rounded to the nearest 0.05),

MINimum

MAXimum

DEFault

(-360.00),

(360.00), or



).

(0.00

[:INPut]:POSition:POLarizer?

6

Syntax

Description

[

:INPut]:POSition:POLarizer?

This query gets the position of the polarizing lter in mechanical

degrees (without a unit).

Example

OUTPUT 724;"POS:POL 127"

6-16 Remote Commands

OUTPUT 724;"POS:POL?"

ENTER 724;A$

Setting the State of Polarization

These are the commands that deal with positioning the



/4 and/2 retarder

plates, and setting the state of polarization by specifying the coordinates on the

Poincare sphere.

[:INPut]:CIRCle:EPSilonb

Syntax

[

:INPut]:CIRCle:EPSilonb<wsp

<

value>j

MINimumjMAXimumjDEFault

>

where value is a oating point number between -720.00 and

720.00.

Description

This command sets the 2

"Bposition on of the Poincare sphere.

The parameter may be either

a number, in optical degrees (do not give a unit; the number

will be rounded to the nearest 0.05),





), or

),

"B.

Note

MINimum

MAXimum

DEFault

(-720.00

(720.00

(0.00).

The value you specify with this command is for 2

6

[:INPut]:CIRCle:EPSilonb?

Syntax

Description

[

:INPut]:CIRCle:EPSilonb?

This query gets the 2

optical degrees (without a unit).

Note

The value returned by this query is for 2

"Bposition on the Poincare sphere in

.

"

B

Remote Commands 6-17

[:INPut]:CIRCle:THETap

Syntax

[

:INPut]:CIRCle:THETap<wsp

<

value>j

MINimumjMAXimumjDEFault

>

where value is a oating point number between -2160.00 and

2160.00.

Description

This command sets the position of the 2

Pposition on the

Poincare sphere. The parameter may be either

a number, in optical degrees (do not give a unit; the number

will be rounded to the nearest 0.05),



),



), or



).

.



P

Note

MINimum

MAXimum

DEFault

(-2160.00

(2160.00

(0.00

The value you specify with this command is for 2

[:INPut]:CIRCle:THETap?

6

Syntax

Description

[

:INPut]:CIRCle:THETap?

This query gets the position of the 2

Pposition on the Poincare

sphere in optical degrees (without a unit).

Note

The value returned by this query is for 2

Example

6-18 Remote Commands

P.

OUTPUT 724;":CIRC:EPS 128"

OUTPUT 724;":CIRC:THET 270"

OUTPUT 724;":CIRC:EPS?"

ENTER 724;E$

OUTPUT 724;":CIRC:THET?"

ENTER 724;T$

[:INPut]:POSition:HALF

Syntax

[

:INPut]:POSition:HALF<wsp

<

value>j

MINimumjMAXimumjDEFault

where value is a oating point number between -360.00 and

360.00.

Description

This command sets the position of the/2 retarder plate. The

parameter may be either

a number, in mechanical degrees (do not give a unit; the

number will be rounded to the nearest 0.05),

MINimum

MAXimum

DEFault

(-360.00

(360.00



(0.00

[:INPut]:POSition:HALF?

Syntax

Description

[

:INPut]:POSition:HALF?

This query gets the position of the/2 retarder plate in

mechanical degrees (without a unit).

[:INPut]:POSition:QUARter

Syntax

[

:INPut]:POSition:QUARter<wsp

<

value>j

MINimumjMAXimumjDEFault

where value is a oating point number between -360.00 and

360.00.

).





), or

>

),

6

>

Description

This command sets the position of the/4 retarder plate. The

parameter may be either

a number, in mechanical degrees (do not give a unit; the

number will be rounded to the nearest 0.05),

MINimum

MAXimum

DEFault

(-360.00),

(360.00), or

(0.00).

Remote Commands 6-19

[:INPut]:POSition:QUARter?

Syntax

Description

Example

6

[

:INPut]:POSition:QUARter?

This query gets the position of the/4 retarder plate in

mechanical degrees (without a unit).

OUTPUT 724;":POS:QUAR 64"

OUTPUT 724;":POS:HALF 99.5"

OUTPUT 724;":POS:QUAR?"

ENTER 724;Q$

OUTPUT 724;":POS:HALF?"

ENTER 724;H$

6-20 Remote Commands

Scanning the Sphere

These are the commands for varying the state of polarization automatically over

time.

[:INPut]:PSPHere:RATE

Syntax

Description

[

:INPut]:PSPHere:RATE<wsp>0j1

This command sets the speed at which the the state of

polarization is changed.

0

set the speed to slow (for polarization dependent

measurements), or

1

sets the speed to fast (for quasi-depolarized signals).

[:INPut]:PSPHere:RATE?

Syntax

Description

[

:INPut]:PSPHere:RATE?

This query gets the the speed at which the the state of

polarization is set to change.

0

if the speed is set to slow.

1

if the speed is set to fast, or

:INITiate[:IMMediate]

Syntax

Description

:INITiate[:IMMediate

This command starts the application.

:ABORt

6

]

Syntax

Description

Example

:ABORt

This command aborts an application that is running.

OUTPUT 724;":PSPH:RATE 1"

OUTPUT 724;":INIT"

.

.

.

OUTPUT 724;":PSPH:RATE?"

ENTER 724;R$

.

.

.

Remote Commands 6-21

OUTPUT 724;":ABOR"

6

6-22 Remote Commands

STATus Commands

There are two `nodes' in the status circuitry

The OPERation node shows things that can happen during normal operation.

The QUEStionable node shows error conditions

Each node of the status circuitry has ve registers:

A condition register (CONDition), which contains the current status. This

register is updated continuously. It is not changed by having its contents read.

The event register (EVENt), which contains the output from the transition

registers. The contents of this register are cleared when it is read.

A positive transition register (PTRansition), which, when enabled, puts a 1

into the event register, when the corresponding bit in the condition register

goes from 0 to 1.

The power-on condition for this register is for all the bits to be enabled.

A negative transition register (NTRansition), which, when enabled, puts a 1

into the event register, when the corresponding bit in the condition register

goes from 1 to 0.

The power-on condition for this register is for all the bits to be disabled.

The enable register (ENABle), which enables changes in the event register to

aect the Status Byte.

The status registers for the polarization controller are organized as shown:

.

.

6

Remote Commands 6-23

Figure 6-2. The Status Registers

6

Setting Up the STATus Registers

These are the commands for setting up the registers.

:STATus:PRESet

Syntax

Description

Example

6-24 Remote Commands

:STATus:PRESet

This command presets all the enable registers and transition

lters for both the OPERation and QUEStionable nodes.

All the bits in the ENABle registers are set to 0

All the bits in the PTRansition registers are set to 1

All the bits in the NTRansition registers are set to 0

OUTPUT 724;":STAT:PRES"

Only two bits of the OPERation node are used:

Bit 1 to show that the instrument is settling (that is that the polarizer and the



/4 and/2 plates have not reached position.

Bit 8 shows that an application is running.

:STATus:OPERation:NTRansition

Syntax

Description

:STATus:OPERation:NTRansition<wsp

This command sets the bits in the NTRansition register. Setting

a bit in this register enables a negative transition (1!0) in the

corresponding bit in the CONDition register to set the bit in the

EVENt register.

:STATus:OPERation:NTRansition?.

Syntax

Description

:STATus:OPERation:NTRansition?

This query returns the current contents of the

OPERation:NTRansition register.

:STATus:OPERation:PTRansition

Syntax

Description

:STATus:OPERation:PTRansition<wsp

This command sets the bits in the PTRansition register

a bit in this register enables a positive transition (0

corresponding bit in the CONDition register to set the bit in the

EVENt register.

:STATus:OPERation:PTRansition?.

Syntax

Description

:STATus:OPERation:PTRansition?

This query returns the current contents of the

OPERation:PTRansition register.

><

><

value

value

>

>

. Setting

!

1) in the

6

:STATus:OPERation:ENABle

Syntax

Description

:STATus:OPERation:ENABle<wsp

This command sets the bits in the ENABle register that

enable the contents of the EVENt register to aect the Status

Byte (STB). Setting a bit in this register to 1 enables the

corresponding bit in the EVENt register to aect bit 7 of the

Status Byte.

><

value

>

Remote Commands 6-25

:STATus:OPERation:ENABle?.

Syntax

Description

Example

6

:STATus:OPERation:ENABle?

This query returns the current contents of the

OPERation:ENABle register.

OUTPUT 724;":STAT:OPER:NTR 2"

OUTPUT 724;":STAT:OPER:PTR 256"

OUTPUT 724;":STAT:OPER:ENAB 258"

OUTPUT 724;":STAT:OPER:NTR?"

ENTER 724;N$

OUTPUT 724;":STAT:OPER:PTR?"

ENTER 724;P$

OUTPUT 724;":STAT:OPER:ENAB?"

ENTER 724;E$

6-26 Remote Commands

Only one bit of the QUEStionable node is used:

Bit 8 shows that there is an error in the calibration data.

:STATus:QUEStionable:NTRansition

Syntax

Description

:STATus:QUEStionable:NTRansition<wsp

This command sets the bits in the NTRansition register. Setting

a bit in this register enables a negative transition (1!0) in the

corresponding bit in the CONDition register to set the bit in the

EVENt register.

:STATus:QUEStionable:NTRansition?.

Syntax

Description

:STATus:QUEStionable:NTRansition?

This query returns the current contents of the

QUEStionable:NTRansition register.

:STATus:QUEStionable:PTRansition

Syntax

Description

:STATus:QUEStionable:PTRansition<wsp

This command sets the bits in the PTRansition register. Setting

a bit in this register enables a positive transition (0!1) in the

corresponding bit in the CONDition register to set the bit in the

EVENt register.

:STATus:QUEStionable:PTRansition?.

Syntax

Description

:STATus:QUEStionable:PTRansition?

This query returns the current contents of the

QUEStionable:PTRansition register.

><

><

value

value

>

>

6

:STATus:QUEStionable:ENABle

Syntax

Description

:STATus:QUEStionable:ENABle<wsp

This command sets the bits in the ENABle register that

enable the contents of the EVENt register to aect the Status

Byte (STB). Setting a bit in this register to 1 enables the

corresponding bit in the EVENt register to aect bit 3 of the

Status Byte.

><

value

>

Remote Commands 6-27

:STATus:QUEStionable:ENABle?.

Syntax

Description

Example

6

:STATus:QUEStionable:ENABle?

This query returns the current contents of the

QUEStionable:ENABle register.

OUTPUT 724;":STAT:QUES:NTR 256"

OUTPUT 724;":STAT:QUES:PTR 256"

OUTPUT 724;":STAT:QUES:ENAB 256"

OUTPUT 724;":STAT:QUES:NTR?"

ENTER 724;N$''

OUTPUT 724;":STAT:QUES:PTR?"

ENTER 724;P$''

OUTPUT 724;":STAT:QUES:ENAB?"

ENTER 724;E$

6-28 Remote Commands

Checking the Status

These commands are for checking the status of the instrument, as reported in

the OPERational and QUEStionable ST

ATus registers.

Note

See also \The Common Commands" for the standard IEEE 488.2

status registers.

:STATus:OPERation:CONDition?

Syntax

Description

:STATus:OPERation:CONDition?

This query reads the contents of the OPERation:CONDition

register. Only two bits of the condition register are used:

BITS MNEMONICS BIT VALUE

Example

OUTPUT 724;":STAT:OPER:COND?"

ENTER 724;A$

:STATus:OPERation[:EVENt]?

Syntax

Description

:STATus:OPERation[:EVENt]?

This query reads the contents of the OPERation:EVENt register.

Only two bits of the event register are used (whether these

bits contain information depends on the transition register

conguration):

8 Settling 256

1 Application 2

6

Example

BITS MNEMONICS BIT VALUE

8 Settling 256

1 Application 2

OUTPUT 724;":STAT:OPER?"

ENTER 724;A$

Remote Commands 6-29

:STATus:QUEStionable:CONDition?

Syntax

Description

Example

:STATus:QUEStionable[:EVENt]?

Syntax

Description

6

Example

:STATus:QUEStionable:CONDition?

This query reads the contents of the QUEStionable:CONDition

register. Only one bit of the condition register is used:

BITS MNEMONICS BIT VALUE

8 Calibration Data 256

OUTPUT 724;":STAT:QUES:COND?"

ENTER 724;A$

:STATus:QUEStionable[:EVENt]?

This query reads the contents of the QUEStionable:EVENt

register. Only one bit of the event register is used (whether

these bits contain information depends on the transition register

conguration):

BITS MNEMONICS BIT VALUE

8 Calibration Data 256

OUTPUT 724;":STAT:QUES?"

ENTER 724;A$

6-30 Remote Commands

SYSTem Commands

:SYSTem:ERRor?

Syntax

Description

:SYSTem:ERRor?

This query returns the next error from the error queue (see

\The Error Queue" in Chapter 5). Each error has the error code

and a short description of the error, separated by a comma, for

example

-32768 and +32767. Negative error numbers are dened by the

SCPI standard. Positive error numbers are device dependent.

The errors are listed in Appendix F

Example

OUTPUT 724;":SYST:ERR?"

ENTER 724;A$

:SYSTem:VERSion?

Syntax

Description

:SYSTem:VERSion?

This query returns the version of the SCPI command set being

used in the format

the version. For this instrument, the value returned is always

1994.0

Example

OUTPUT 724;":SYST:VERS?"

ENTER 724;A$

0, "No error"

yyyy.v

. Error codes are numbers in the range

, where

yyyy

is the year, andvis

6

Remote Commands 6-31

Programming Examples

This chapter gives some programming examples. The language used for the

programming is BASIC 5.1 Language System used on HP 9000 Series 200/300

computers.

These programming examples do not cover the full command set for the

instrument. They are intended only as an introduction to the method of

programming the instrument. The programming examples use the HP-IB

.

7

Programming Examples 7-1

7

Example 1 - Checking Communication

Function

This program sends a query

, and displays the reply.

Listing

10 !-------------------------------

20 !

30 ! HP 8169A Programming Example 1

40 !

50 ! A Simple Communications Check

60 !

70 !-------------------------------

80 !

90 ! Definitions and initialization

100 !

110 Pol=724

This statement sets the address of the polarization controller. The rst 7 is to access the HP-IB card in

the controller, the 24 is it's HP-IB address

120 DIM String$[50]

130 !

150 PRINT TABXY(5,10);"Programming Example 1, Simple Communications"

160 !

170 ! Send an IDN query and get the Identification

180 !

190 OUTPUT Pol;"*IDN?"

7

200 ENTER Pol;String$

210 PRINT TABXY(10,12);"Identification : ";String$

220 !

230 END

7-2 Programming Examples

Example 2 - Status Registers and Queues

Example 2 - Status Registers and Queues

Function

This program sends a commands and queries typed in by the user. The contents

of the status byte and the standard event status register are displayed. These

registers are updated for each new command, and each time a Service ReQuest

(SRQ) occurs. The number of the most recent error, and the most recent

contents of the output queue is also displayed.

Listing

10 !--------------------------------------------------

20 !

30 ! HP 8169A Programming Example 2

40 !

50 ! Status Structure, and a useful self learning tool

60 !

70 !--------------------------------------------------

80 !

90 ! Declarations and initializations

100 !

110 INTEGER Value,Bit,Quot,Xpos,Ypos

120 DIM Inp$[100]

130 DIM A$[300]

140 Pol=724

150 ON INTR 7 GOSUB Pmm_srq

160 !

170 ! Mask the registers

180 !

190 OUTPUT Pol;"*SRE 248;*ESE 255"

The *SRE 248 command enables bits 7 (Operation Status Summary), 5 (ESB), 4 (MAV), and 3

(Questionable Status Summary) in the status byte (bit 6 (SRQ) cannot be disabled in this register).

The *ESE 255 command enables all of the bits in the Event Status Register.

200 !

210 ! Set up the screen

220 !

230 CLEAR SCREEN

240 PRINT TABXY(40,3);"Status Byte"

250 PRINT TABXY(4,1);" OPS SRQ ESB MAV QUE"

260 PRINT TABXY(4,2);" +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+"

270 PRINT TABXY(4,3);" : : : : : : : : :"

280 PRINT TABXY(4,4);" +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+"

290 PRINT TABXY(4,5);" ^"

7

Programming Examples 7-3

Example 2 - Status Registers and Queues

300 PRINT TABXY(4,6);" :"

310 PRINT TABXY(4,7);" +-------------------------------+"

320 PRINT TABXY(4,8);" : OR :"

330 PRINT TABXY(4,9);" +-------------------------------+"

340 PRINT TABXY(4,10);" ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^"

350 PRINT TABXY(4,11);" +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+"

360 PRINT TABXY(4,12);" : : : : : : : : :"

370 PRINT TABXY(4,13);" +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+"

380 PRINT TABXY(4,14);" PON URQ CME EXE DDE QYE RQC OPC"

390 PRINT TABXY(40,12);"Standard Event Status Register"

400 PRINT TABXY(4,16);"Last Command :"

410 PRINT TABXY(4,17);"Last Error :"

420 PRINT TABXY(4,18);"Output Queue :"

430 !

440 ! Start the program loop and enable the interrupt for the errors

450 !

460 Ende=0

470 GOSUB Pmm_srq

480 ENABLE INTR 7;2

490 !

500 ! The Central Loop

510 !

520 REPEAT

530 INPUT "Command ? ",Inp$

540 GOSUB Pmm_srq

550 OUTPUT Pol;Inp$

560 PRINT TABXY(21,16);" "

570 PRINT TABXY(21,16);Inp$

580 WAIT 1.0

590 UNTIL Ende=1

600 GOTO 1380

7

610 !

620 !--------------------------------------------------------------------

630 Pmm_srq: ! Interrupt Handling Subroutine to display the status, and the

640 ! error and output queues

650 !--------------------------------------------------------------------

660 !

670 ! Get the value for the Status Byte

680 !

690 Value=SPOLL(Pol)

700 !

710 ! Initialize and start the display of the registers

720 !

730 PRINT TABXY(21,17);" "

740 PRINT TABXY(21,18);" "

750 Ypos=3

7-4 Programming Examples

Example 2 - Status Registers and Queues

760 FOR Z=0 TO 1

770 Bit=128

780 Xpos=7

790 !

800 ! Do it for each bit

810 !

820 REPEAT

830 Quot=Value DIV Bit

840 !

850 ! If the bit is set then display 1

860 !

870 IF Quot>0 THEN

880 PRINT TABXY(Xpos,Ypos);"1"

890 Value=Value-Bit

900 !

910 ! If MAV is set, then get and display the output queue contents

920 !

930 IF Z=0 THEN

940 IF Bit=16 THEN

950 ENTER Pol;A$

960 PRINT TABXY(21,18);A$

970 END IF

980 END IF

990 !

1000 ! If the bit is not set, then display 0

1010 !

1020 ELSE

1030 PRINT TABXY(Xpos,Ypos);"0"

1040 END IF

1050 !

1060 ! Set up for the next iteration

1070 !

1080 Bit=Bit DIV 2

1090 Xpos=Xpos+4

1100 UNTIL Bit=0

1110 !

1120 ! Now that the status byte is displayed, get the Standard Events

1130 ! Status Register

1140 !

1150 OUTPUT Pol;"*ESR?"

1160 ENTER Pol;Value

1170 !

1180 ! Set up to display the ESR

1190 !

1200 Ypos=12

1210 NEXT Z

7

Programming Examples 7-5

Example 2 - Status Registers and Queues

1220 !

1230 ! Read and display any messages in the error queue

1240 !

1250 REPEAT

1260 OUTPUT Pol;"SYSTEM:ERROR?"

1270 ENTER Pol;Value,A$

The SYSTEM:ERROR? query gets the number of the last error in the error queue.

1280 IF Value<>0 THEN PRINT TABXY(21,17);Value,A$

1290 UNTIL Value=0

1300 !

1310 ! Clear the Status structure and reenable the interrupt before returning

1320 !

1330 OUTPUT Pol;"*CLS"

1340 ENABLE INTR 7

1350 !

1360 RETURN

1370 !

1380 END

7

7-6 Programming Examples

Example 3 - Finding the Optimum Transmission SoP

Example 3 - Finding the Optimum Transmission SoP

Function

This program performs the same sequence as the example session given in

chapter 2. That is, to nd the state of polarization for optimum transmission for

a linear device under test (DUT).

Requirements

For this example, you will need, apart from the polarization controller, a laser

source, and a power meter (in the description below, an HP 8153A Multimeter

with a laser module and a sensor module are used). We will use the length of

ber connecting the instruments as our linear DUT.

Setting Up the Equipment

1. With both instruments switched o, connect the laser source to the

polarization controller.

2. Connect the polarization controller to the power meter.

Setup for setting the position of the polarizing lter.

3. Switch on both instruments, and enable the laser source.

4. Set the channel with the sensor module to the wavelength of the source, and

select the default averaging speed (200ms).

Programming Examples 7-7

7

Example 3 - Finding the Optimum Transmission SoP

Note

Under normal circumstances you should leave the instruments

to warmup. (The multimeter needs around 20 minutes to

warmup.) Warming up is necessary for accuracy of the sensor,

and the output power of the source.

Listing

10 !------------------------------------------

20 !

30 ! Programming Example 3

40 !

50 ! Finding the Optimum Transmission Polarization

60 !

70 !------------------------------------------

80 !

90 ! Definitions and Initializations

100 !

110 Pol=724

120 Mm=722

130 !

140 OUTPUT Mm;"*rst;*cls"

150 OUTPUT Pol;"*rst;*cls"

160 !

170 ! Setup the instruments, with the output of the source connected

180 ! to the input of the sensor and wait for the ENTER key to be

190 ! pressed before continuing

200 !

210 CLEAR SCREEN

220 True=1

230 False=0

240 !

7

250 ! Set the Wavelength and the averaging time for the sensor

260 !

270 OUTPUT Mm;"sour:pow:wave?"

280 ENTER Mm;Wl

290 OUTPUT Mm;"sens2:pow:wave ";Wl

300 OUTPUT Mm;"sens2:pow:atime 200ms"

310 !

320 ! Switch on the source

330 !

340 OUTPUT Mm;"sour:pow:state on"

350 !

360 ! Find the position of the polarizing filter, that allows the maximum

370 ! power through

380 !

390 Angle=0

7-8 Programming Examples

Example 3 - Finding the Optimum Transmission SoP

400 Inc=10

410 Maxward=False

420 OUTPUT Mm;"read2:power?"

430 ENTER Mm;Maxpow

440 REPEAT

450 Angle=Angle+Inc

460 OUTPUT Pol;"pos:pol ";Angle

470 OUTPUT Mm;"read2:power?"

480 ENTER Mm;Newpow

490 IF Newpow<Maxpow THEN

500 IF Maxward=True THEN

510 Inc=-Inc/2

520 ELSE

530 Inc=-Inc

540 Maxward=True

550 END IF

560 ELSE

570 Maxpow=Newpow

580 Maxward=True

590 END IF

600 UNTIL ABS(Inc)<.05

610 !

620 ! Now search for the worst-case polarization when changing thetap

630 !

640 Angle=0

650 Inc=10

660 Minward=False

670 Minpow=Maxpow

680 REPEAT

690 Angle=Angle+Inc

700 OUTPUT Pol;"circle:thetap ";Angle

710 OUTPUT Mm;"read2:power?"

720 ENTER Mm;Newpow

730 IF Newpow>Minpow THEN

740 IF Minward=True THEN

750 Inc=-Inc/2

760 ELSE

770 Inc=-Inc

780 Minward=True

790 END IF

800 ELSE

810 Minpow=Newpow

820 Minward=True

830 END IF

840 UNTIL ABS(Inc)<.05

850 !

860 ! Now search for the overall worst-case polarization by changing epsilonb

870 !

880 Angle=0

7

Programming Examples 7-9

Example 3 - Finding the Optimum Transmission SoP

890 Inc=10

900 Minward=False

910 REPEAT

920 Angle=Angle+Inc

930 OUTPUT Pol;"circle:epsilonb ";Angle

940 OUTPUT Mm;"read2:power?"

950 ENTER Mm;Newpow

960 IF Newpow>Minpow THEN

970 IF Minward=True THEN

980 Inc=-Inc/2

990 ELSE

1000 Inc=-Inc

1010 Minward=True

1020 END IF

1030 ELSE

1040 Minpow=Newpow

1050 Minward=True

1060 END IF

1070 UNTIL ABS(Inc)<.05

1080 !

1090 ! Now set the optimum by moving to the opposite side of the

1100 ! sphere

1110 !

1120 OUTPUT Pol;"circle:epsilonb ";Angle+180

1130 !

1140 ! And finish . . .

1150 !

1160 OUTPUT Mm;"sour:pow:state off"

1170 END

7

7-10 Programming Examples

Example 4 - Finding the P

Example 4 - Finding the Polarization Dependence

Function

This program does the same thing as the example session given in chapter 3.

That is, to measure the sensitivity to polarization, by applying a quasi-random

polarization to the (DUT).

Requirements

For this example, you will need, apart from the polarization controller, a laser

source, and a power meter (in the description below, an HP 8153A Multimeter

with a laser module and a sensor module are used). A roll of ber will act as a

suitable DUT.`

Setting Up the Equipment

1. With both instruments switched o, connect the laser source to the

polarization controller.

2. Connect the polarization controller to the power meter.

olarization Dependence

Setup for setting the position of the polarizing lter.

3. Switch on both instruments, and enable the laser source.

Note

Under normal circumstances you should leave the instruments

to warmup. (The multimeter needs around 20 minutes to

warmup.) Warming up is necessary for accuracy of the sensor,

and the output power of the source.

Programming Examples 7-11

7

Example 4 - Finding the P

olarization Dependence

4. Set the channel with the sensor module to the wavelength of the source,

and select the default averaging speed (200ms) [Press

4

5

to resetT].

Param

4

Param

5

to selectT, hold

When prompted by the program, you should connect the DUT into the setup,

disturbing the setup as little as possible.

Listing

10 !------------------------------------------

20 !

30 ! Programming Example 4

40 !

50 ! Finding the Polarization Dependence

60 !

70 !------------------------------------------

80 !

90 ! Definitions and Initializations

100 !

110 Pol=724

120 Mm=722

130 !

140 OUTPUT Mm;"*rst;*cls"

150 OUTPUT Pol;"*rst;*cls"

160 !

170 ! Setup the instruments, with the output of the source connected

180 ! to the input of the sensor and wait for the ENTER key to be

190 ! pressed before continuing

200 !

210 CLEAR SCREEN

220 True=1

230 False=0

7

240 !

250 ! Set the Wavelength and the averaging time for the sensor

260 !

270 OUTPUT Mm;"sour:pow:wave?"

280 ENTER Mm;Wl

290 OUTPUT Mm;"sens2:pow:wave ";Wl

300 OUTPUT Mm;"sens2:pow:atime 200ms"

310 !

320 ! Switch on the source

330 !

340 OUTPUT Mm;"sour:pow:state on"

350 !

360 ! Find the position of the polarizing filter, that allows the maximum

370 ! power through

380 !

390 Angle=0

7-12 Programming Examples

Example 4 - Finding the P

olarization Dependence

400 Inc=10

410 Maxward=False

420 OUTPUT Mm;"read2:power?"

430 ENTER Mm;Maxpow

440 REPEAT

450 Angle=Angle+Inc

460 OUTPUT Pol;"pos:pol ";Angle

470 OUTPUT Mm;"read2:power?"

480 ENTER Mm;Newpow

490 IF Newpow<Maxpow THEN

500 IF Maxward=True THEN

510 Inc=-Inc/2

520 ELSE

530 Inc=-Inc

540 Maxward=True

550 END IF

560 ELSE

570 Maxpow=Newpow

580 Maxward=True

590 END IF

600 UNTIL ABS(Inc)<.05

610 !

620 ! Time to insert the DUT

630 !

640 PRINT TABXY(10,9);"Hit ENTER when you have inserted the DUT!"

650 INPUT Dummy

660 !

670 ! Set up the instruments for slow scanning of the sphere, and at fast

680 ! measurement time to sample the power

690 !

700 OUTPUT Pol;"psphere:rate 0"

710 OUTPUT Mm;"sens2:pow:atime 20ms"

720 OUTPUT Mm;"sens2:pow:unit dbm"

730 ! Set values that have to change for maximum and minimum

740 Minpow=100

750 Maxpow=-100

760 !

770 ! Start the scanning

780 !

790 OUTPUT Pol;"init"

800 !

810 ! Sample enough values to be sure of catching the maximum and minimum

820 !

830 FOR Reading=1 TO 500

840 OUTPUT Mm;"read2:pow?"

850 ENTER Mm;Power

860 IF Power<Minpow THEN Minpow=Power

870 IF Power>Maxpow THEN Maxpow=Power

890 NEXT Reading

7

Programming Examples 7-13

Example 4 - Finding the P

900 !

910 ! Calculate (and display) the difference

920 !

930 PRINT TABXY(10,12);"Polarization Dependence",Maxpow-Minpow;"dB"

940 !

950 ! Tidy up and leave

960 !

970 OUTPUT Pol;"abort"

980 OUTPUT Mm;"sour:pow:state off"

990 END

olarization Dependence

7

7-14 Programming Examples

A

Installation

This appendix provides installation instructions for the polarization controller.

It also includes information about initial inspection and damage claims,

preparation for use, packaging, storage, and shipment.

Safety Considerations

The polarization controller is a Class 1 instrument (that is, an instrument with

an exposed metal chassis directly connected to earth via the power supply

cable). The symbol used to show a protective earth terminal in the instrument is

.

Before operation, review the instrument and manual for safety markings and

instructions.You must follow these to ensure safe operation and to maintain the

instrument in safe condition.

Initial Inspection

Inspect the shipping container for damage. If there is damage to the container

or cushioning, keep them until you have checked the contents of the shipment

for completeness and veried the instrument both mechanically and electrically.

The Appendix D gives a procedure for checking the operation of the instrument.

If the contents are incomplete, mechanical damage or defect is apparent,

or if an instrument does not pass the operator's checks, notify the nearest

Hewlett-Packard oce.

Installation A-1

A

Warning

AC Line Power Supply Requirements

The HP 8169A can operate from any single-phase AC power source that supplies

between 100V and 240V610%, at a frequency in the range from 50 to 60Hz.

The maximum power consumption is 45VA with all options installed.

Line Power Cable

According to international safety standards, this instrument has a three-wire

power cable. When connected to an appropriate AC power receptacle, this cable

earths the instrument cabinet. The type of power cable shipped with each

instrument depends on the country of destination. Refer to Figure A

part numbers of the power cables available.

To avoid hazardous electrical shock, do not perform

electrical tests when there are signs of shipping damage to

any portion of the outer enclosure (covers, panels, etc.).

-1 for the

A

Warning

A-2 Installation

Figure A-1. Line Power Cables - Plug Identication

To avoid the possibility of injury or death, you must

observe the following precautions before switching on the

instrument.

If this instrument is to be energized via an

autotransformer for voltage reduction, ensure that the

Common terminal connects to the earth pole of the power

source.

Insert the power cable plug only into a socket outlet

provided with a protective earth contact. Do not negate

this protective action by the using an extension cord

without a protective conductor.

Before switching on the instrument, the protective

earth terminal of the instrument must be connected to a

protective conductor.You can do this by using the power

cord supplied with the instrument.

Do not interrupt the protective earth connection

intentionally.

The following work should be carried out by a qualied electrician. All local

electrical codes must be strictly observed. If the plug on the cable does not t

the power outlet, or if the cable is to be attached to a terminal block, cut the

cable at the plug end and rewire it.

The color coding used in the cable depends on the cable supplied. If you are

connecting a new plug, it should meet the local safety requirements and include

the following features:

Adequate load-carrying capacity (see table of specications).

Ground connection.

Cable clamp.

Warning

To avoid the possibility of injury or death, please note that

the HP 8169A does not have a oating earth.

Warning

The HP 8169A is not designed for outdoor use.To prevent

potential re or shock hazard, do not expose the instrument

to rain or other excessive moisture.

The AC power requirements are summarized on the rear panel of the

instrument.

Installation A-3

A

Figure A-2. Rear Panel Markings

Replacing the Fuse

There is one fuse in this instrument. This is a T1A/250V (time-lag) (HP Part No.

2110-0007). The fuse holder is at the rear of the instrument, beside the line

power connector.To replace the fuse,

1. Release the fuse holder: use the blade of a at-headed screwdriver to

depress the catch at the side of the holder and then pull the holder out a

little.

A

Figure A-3. Releasing the Fuse Holder

2. Pull the fuse holder out of the instrument.

A-4 Installation

Figure A-4. The Fuse Holder

3. Check and replace the fuse as necessary making sure that the fuse is always

in the top position of the fuse holder, and the bridge is in the bottom.

4. Place the fuse holder back in the instrument, and push it until the catch

clicks back into place.

Replacing the Battery

This instrument contains a lithium battery. Replacing the battery should be

carried out only by a qualied electrician or by HP service personnel.

There is a danger of explosion if the battery is incorrectly replaced. Replace

only with the same or an equivalent type (HP part number 1420-0394). Discard

used batteries according to local regulations.

Operating and Storage Environment

The following summarizes the HP 8169A operating environment ranges. In order

for the polarization controller to meet specications, the operating environment

must be within these limits.

A

Warning

The HP 8169A is not designed for outdoor use.To prevent

potential re or shock hazard, do not expose the instrument

to rain or other excessive moisture.

Installation A-5

Temperature

Protect the instrument from temperature extremes and changes in temperature

that may cause condensation within it.

The storage and operating temperature for the HP 8169A is given in the table

below.

Table A-1. Temperature

Operating Range Storage Range

Specied 0Cto55C -40Cto70C

Humidity

The operating humidity for the HP 8169A is 15% to 95% from 0Cto40C.

Altitude

The HP 8169A may operate at up to 10,000 feet.

Installation Category and Pollution Degree

The HP 8169A has Installation Category II and Pollution Degree 2 according to

IEC 664.

A

Instrument Positioning and Cooling

Mount or position the instrument upright and horizontally so that air can

circulate around it freely. When operating the polarization controller, choose a

location that provides at least 75mm (3inches) of clearance at the rear, and at

least 25mm (1inch) of clearance at each side.Failure to provide adequate air

clearance may result in excessive internal temperature, reducing instrument

reliability.

A-6 Installation

Figure A-5. Correct Positioning of the Polarization Controller

Switching on the Polarization Controller

When you switch on the polarization controller it goes through self test. This is

the same as the self test described in \*TST?" in Chapter 6.

Optical Output

Caution

The polarization controller is supplied with either a straight

contact connector (Option 021) or an angled contact connector

(Option 022). Make sure that you only use the correct cables

with your chosen output. See \Connector Interfaces and Other

Accessories" in Appendix B for further details on connector

interfaces and accessories.

A

Installation A-7

Trigger Input and Output

The Trigger Input should be a standard TTL level signal. That is

True = Low = digital ground or 0Vdc to 0.4Vdc

False = High = open or 2.5Vdc to 5Vdc

Caution

The Trigger Output is a standard TTL level signal.

Caution

HP-IB Interface

You can connect your HP-IB interface into a star network, a linear network, or a

combination star and linear network. The limitations imposed on this network

are as follows:

A maximum of610V can be applied as an external voltage to

the Trigger Input BNC connector.

A maximum of between 0V and +5V can be applied as an

external voltage to the Trigger Output BNC connector.

,

A

The total cable length cannot exceed 20 meters

The maximum cable length per device is 2 meters

No more than 15 devices may be interconnected on one bus.

A-8 Installation

Connector

The following gure shows the connector and pin assignments.

Connector Part Number: 1251-0293

Figure A-6. HP-IB Connector

Caution

Caution

HP-IB Logic Levels

The polarization controller HP-IB lines use standard TTL logic, as follows:

True = Low = digital ground or 0Vdc to 0.4Vdc

False = High = open or 2.5Vdc to 5Vdc

All HP-IB lines have LOW assertion states. High states are held at 3.0Vdc by

pull-ups within the instrument. When a line functions as an input, it requires

HP products delivered now are equipped with connectors

having ISO metric- threaded lock screws and stud mounts (ISO

M3.520.6) that are black in color. Earlier connectors may have

lock screws and stud mounts with imperial-threaded lock screws

and stud mounts (6-32 UNC) that have a shiny nickel nish.

It is recommended that you do not stack more than three

connectors, one on top of the other.

Hand-tighten the connector lock screws. Do not use a

screwdriver.

Installation A-9

A

approximately 3.2mA to pull it low through a closure to digital ground. When

a line functions as an output, it can sink up to 48mA in the low state and

approximately 0.6mA in the high state.

Note

The HP-IB line screens are not isolated from ground.

Claims and Repackaging

If physical damage is evident or if the instrument does not meet specication

when received, notify the carrier and the nearest Hewlett-Packard Service

Oce. The Sales/Service Oce will arrange for repair or replacement of the

unit without waiting for settlement of the claim against the carrier.

Return Shipments to HP

If the instrument is to be shipped to a Hewlett-P

ackard Sales/Service Oce,

attach a tag showing owner, return address, model number and full serial

number and the type of service required.

The original shipping carton and packing material may be reusable, but

the Hewlett-Packard Sales/Service Oce will provide information and

recommendation on materials to be used if the original packing is no longer

available or reusable. General instructions for repacking are as follows:

A

1. Wrap instrument in heavy paper or plastic.

2. Use strong shipping container. A double wall carton made of 350-pound test

material is adequate.

3. Use enough shock absorbing material (3 to 4 inch layer) around all sides

of the instrument to provide a rm cushion and prevent movement inside

container. Protect control panel with cardboard.

4. Seal shipping container securely.

5. Mark shipping container FRAGILE to encourage careful handling.

6. In any correspondence, refer to instrument by model number and serial

number.

A-10 Installation

Accessories

Instrument and Options

Mainframe

Description Model No.

Polarization Controller HP 8169A

Pig-tailed ber ports Option 020

Straight, contact connectors Option 021

Angled, contact connectors Option 022

(Additional) Operating and Option 0B2

Programming Manual

HP-IB Cables and Adapters

B

The HP-IB connector is compatible with the connectors on the following cables

and adapters.

HP-IB Cable, 10833A, 1 m (3.3 ft.)

HP-IB Cable, 10833B, 2 m (6.6 ft.)

HP-IB Cable, 10833C, 4 m (13.2 ft.)

HP-IB Cable, 10833D, 0.5 m (1.6 ft.)

HP-IB Adapter, 10834A, 2.3 cm extender.

Accessories B-1

B

Connector Interfaces and Other Accessories

The polarization controller is supplied with one of three connector interface

options.

Option 021, Straight Contact Connector

If you want to use straight connectors (such as FC/PC, Diamond HMS-10, DIN,

Biconic, SC, ST, or D4) to connect to the instrument, you must

1. attach your connector interface (see the list of connector interfaces below) to

the interface adapter,

2. then connect your cable.

Figure B-1. Straight Contact Connector Conguration

Connector Interface

Description Model No.

Biconic HP 81000WI

D4 HP 81000GI

Diamond HMS-10/HP HP 81000AI

DIN 47256 HP 81000SI

FC/PC HP 81000FI

SC HP 81000KI

ST HP 81000VI

B

B-2 Accessories

Option 022, Angled Contact Connector

If you want to use angled contact connectors (such as FC/APC, Diamond

HRL-10, DIN, or SC/APC) to connect to the instrument, you must

1. attach your connector interface (see the list of connector interfaces below) to

the interface adapter,

2. then connect your cable.

Figure B-2. Angled Contact Connector Conguration

Connector Interface

Description Model No.

Diamond HRL-10 (DIN) HP 81000SI

FC/APC HP 81000FI

SC/APC HP 81000KI

B

Accessories B-3