Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter,
Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System, &
Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System
User’s Guide
S1
Notices
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consen t fro m Agil ent Tec hnolog ies Deu ts chland GmbH
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copywright laws.
Copyright 1999 - 2001 by:
Agilent Technologies Deutschland GmbH
Herrenberger Str. 130
71034 Böblingen
Germany
Subject Matter
The material in this document is subject to change
without notice.
Agilent Technologies makes n o warran ty of an y kind
with regar d to this pri nted mate rial, inc luding, but not
limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability
and fitness for a particular purpose.
Agilent Technologies shall not be liable for errors
contained herein or for incidental or consequential
damages in connection with the furnishing,
performance, or use of this material.
Printing History
New editions are complete revisions of the guide
reflecting alterations in the functionality of the
instrument. Updates are occasionally made to the guide
betwee n editions. The date on the t itle page changes
when an updated guide is published. To find out the
current revision of the guide, or to purchase an updated
guide, contact your Agilent Technologies representative.
Control Serial Number: First Edition applies directly to
all instruments.
Warranty
This Agilent Technologies instrument product is
warrante d against d efects i n mate rial and workman ship
for a period of one year from date of shipment. During
the warranty period, Agilent will, at its option, either
repair or replace products that prove to be defective.
For warranty service or repair, this product must be
returned to a service facility designated by Agilent.
Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to Agilent and
Agilent shall pay shipping charges to return the product
to Bu yer. How ever, Buyer shall pay all sh ipping charges ,
duties, and taxes for products returned to Agilent from
another country.
Agilent warrants that its software and firmware
designated by Agilent for use with an instrument will
execute its programming instructions when properly
installed on that instrument. Agilent does not warrant
that the operation of the instrument, software, or
firm ware wil l be un interrupt ed or er ror free .
Exclusive Remedies
The remedies provided herein are Buyer’s sole and
exclusive remedie s. Agilent Technologi es shall no t be
liable for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or
consequenti al damages whether based on contra ct, tor t,
or any other legal theory.
Assistance
Product maintenance agreemen ts and other customer
assistance agreements are available for Agilent
Technologies products. For any assistance contact your
nearest Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Office.
Certification
Agilent Technologies Inc. certifies that this product met
its published specifications at the time of shipment from
the factory.
Agilent Technologies further certifies that its calibration
measurements are traceable to the United States
National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST
(formerly the United States National Bureau of
Sta ndard s, NBS) to the ex tent allo wed by the Insti tutes’s
calibration facility, and to the calibration facilities of
other International Standards Organization members.
ISO 9001 Certification
Produced to ISO 9001 international quality system
standard as part of our objective of continually
increasin g customer s atisfaction through impr oved
process c ontrol.
Third Edition:
08164-90B13
Third Edition:
08164-90B13: October 2001
Second Edition:
08164 -90B12: Septemb er 2001
First Edition:
08164-90B11: August 2001
Limitation of Warranty
The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects
resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by
Buyer, Buyer-supplied software or interfacing,
unauthorized modification or misuse, operation outside
of the environmental specifications for the product, or
improper site preparation or maintenance.
No other warranty i s expresse d or impli ed. Agilent
Technologies specifically disclaims the implied
warranties of Merchantability and Fitness for a
Particular Purpose.
2 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition
Safety Considerations
The following general safety precautions must be observed during all
phases of operation, service, and repair of this instrument. Failure to
comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in
this manual violates safety standards of design, manufacture, and
intended use of the instrument. Agilent Technologies Inc. assumes no
liability for the customer’s failure to comply with these requirements.
General This is a Safety Class 1 instrument (provided with a
protective earth terminal) and has been manufactured and tested
according to international safety standards.
Before operation, you should review the instrument and manual for
safety markings and instructions. You must follow these to ensure safe
operation and to maintain the instrument in safe condition.
Some Agilent 8164B circuits and some Agilent 8166B circuits are
powered whenever the instrument is connected to the AC power
source. To disconnect from the line power, disconnect the power cord
either at the rear power inlet or at the AC line power source
(receptacle). One of these must always be accessible. If the instrument
is in a cabinet, it must be disconnected from the line power by the
system’s line power switch.
WARNING To avoid hazardous electrical shock, do not perform electrical tests
when there are signs of shipping damage to any portion of the outer
enclosure (covers, panels, and so on).
Line Power Requirements
The Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter System complies with
overvoltage category II and can operate from the single-phase AC
power source that supplies between 100 V and 240 V at a frequency in
the range 50 to 60 Hz.The maximum power consumption is 120 VA
with all options installed.
The Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System complies with
overvoltage category II and can operate from any single-phase AC
power source that supplies between 100 V and 240 V at a frequency in
the range from 50 to 60 Hz. The maximum power consumption is 270
VA with all options installed.
The Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System complies with
overvoltage category II and can operate from any single-phase AC
power source that supplies between 100 V and 240 V at a frequency in
the range from 50 to 60 Hz. The maximum power consumption is 450
VA with all options installed.
Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition 3
Line Power Cable
In accordance with international safety standards, the instrument has
a three-wire power cable. When connected to an appropriate AC
power receptacle, this cable earths the instrument cabinet. The type of
power cable shipped with each instrument depends on the country of
destination. Please refer to “Accessories” on page 285 for the part
numbers of available power cables.
WARNING To avoid the possibility of injury or death, you must observe the
following precautions before switching on the instrument.
If this instrument is to be energized via an autotransformer for voltage
reduction, ensure that the Common terminal connects to the earth
pole of the power source.
• Insert the power cable plug only into a socket outlet provided with a
protective earth contact. Do not negate this protective action by the
using an extension cord without a protective conductor.
• Before switching on the instrument, the protective earth terminal of
the instrument must be connected to a protective conductor. You
can do this by using the power cord supplied with the instrument.
• Do not interrupt the protective earth connection intentionally.
The following work must be carried out by a qualified electrician. All
local electrical codes must be strictly observed. If the plug on the cable
does not fit the power outlet, or if the cable is to be attached to a
terminal block, cut the cable at the plug end and rewire it.
The color coding used in the cable depends on the cable supplied. If
you are connecting a new plug, it should meet the local safety
requirements and include the following features:
• Adequate load-carrying capacity (see table of specifications).
• Ground connection.
• Cable clamp.
Operating Environment
WARNING The Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter, Agilent 8164A/B
Lightwave Measurement System, and Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave
Multichannel System are not designed for outdoor use. To prevent
potential fire or shock hazard, do not expose the instrument to rain or
other excessive moisture.
4 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition
Input/Output Signals
CAUTION There are two input BNC connectors: the Remote Interlock Connector
and the Trigger Input, see page 262. These are TTL inputs. A maximum
of 5 V can be applied as an external voltage to either of these input
connectors.
There is one output BNC connector: the Trigger Output, see page 262.
This is a TTL output. Do not apply an external voltage to this
connector.
Additional Safety Requirements
Operation - Before applying power Comply with the installation
section. Additionally, the following shall be observed:
• Do not remove instrument covers when operating.
• Before the instrument is switched on, all protective earth terminals,
extension cords, auto-transformers and devices connected to it
should be connected to a protective earth via a ground socket. Any
interruption of the protective earth grounding will cause a potential
shock hazard that could result in serious personal injury.
• Whenever it is likely that the protection has been impaired, the
instrument must be made inoperative and be secured against any
unintended operation.
• There is no user-replaceable fuse in this instrument. The use of
repaired fuses and the short-circuiting of fuseholders must be
avoided.
• Adjustments described in the manual are performed with power
supplied to the instrument while protective covers are removed. Be
aware that energy at many points may, if contacted, result in
personal injury.
• Any adjustments, maintenance, and repair of the opened
instrument under voltage should be avoided as much as possible,
and when unavoidable, should be carried out only by a skilled
person who is aware of the hazard involved. Do not attempt internal
service or adjustment unless another person, capable of rendering
first aid and resuscitation is present. Do not replace components
with power cable connected.
• Do not operate the instrument in the presence of flammable gases
or fumes. Operation of any electrical instrument in such an
environment constitutes a definite safety hazard.
Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition 5
• Do not install substitute parts or perform any unauthorized
modification to the instrument.
• Be aware that capacitors inside the instrument may still be charged
even if the instrument has been disconnected from its source of
supply.
•You MUST return instruments with malfunctioning laser boxes to an
Agilent Technologies Sales/Service Center for repair and
calibration.
Safety Symbols
The apparatus will be marked with this symbol when it is necessary
for the user to refer to the instruction manual in order to protect the
apparatus against damage.
Caution, risk of electric shock.
Frame or chassis terminal.
Protective conductor terminal.
Hazardous laser radiation.
Magnetic fields may interfere with a pacemaker.
WARNING The WARNING sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure,
practice or the like, which, if not correctly performed or adhered to,
could result in injury or loss of life. Do not proceed beyond a
WARNING sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and
met.
CAUTION The CAUTION sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating
procedure, practice or the like, which, if not correctly performed or
adhered to, could result in damage to or destruction of part or all of
the equipment. Do not proceed beyond a CAUTION sign until the
indicated conditions are fully understood and met.
6 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition
Laser Safety Information
Initial Safety Information for Laser Source Modules
Table 1 Standard Laser Source Modules Laser Safety Information
Agilent 81650A Agilent 81651A Agilent 81652A Agilent 81654A
Laser type FP-Laser
InGaAsP
Wavelength (±15nm) 1310 nm 1550 nm 1550/1625 nm 1310/1550 nm
Max. CW output power* <1 mW <1 mW <1 mW <1 mW
Beam waist diameter 9 µm9 µm9 µm9 µm
Numerical aperture 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Laser Class according to
IEC 60825-1 (1998)- International
Max. permissible CW output power - IEC** 8.9 mW 10 mW 10 mW 8.9 mW/10 mW
Laser Class according to
FDA 21 CFR 1040.10 (1995) - USA
Max. permissible CW output power - FDA** 2 mW 8.1 mW 8.1 mW 2 mW/8.1 mW
* Max. CW output power is defined as the highest possible optical power that the laser source can produce at its output con-
nector.
** Max. permissible CW output power is the highest optical power that is permitted within the appropriate laser class.
1111
IIII
FP-Laser
InGaAsP
FP-Laser
InGaAsP
FP-Laser
InGaAsP
Table 2 High Power Laser Source Modules Laser Safety Information
Agilent 81655A Agilent 81656A Agilent 81657A
Laser Type FP-Laser
InGaAsP
Wavelength (±15nm) 1310 nm 1550 nm 1310/1550 nm
Max. CW output power* <28 mW <28 mW <28 mW
Beam waist diameter 9 µm9 µm9 µm
Numerical aperture 0.1 0.1 0.1
Laser Class according to
IEC 60825-1 (1998)- International
Max. permissible CW output power - IEC** 28.5 mW 50 mW 28.5 mW/50 mW
Laser Class according to
FDA 21 CFR 1040.10 (1995) - USA
Max. permissible CW output power - FDA** 500 mW 500 mW 500 mW
* Max. CW output power is defined as the highest possible optical power that the laser source can produce at its output connector.
** Max. permissible CW output power is the highest optical power that is permitted within the appropriate laser class.
3A 3A 3A
IIIb IIIb IIIb
FP-Laser
InGaAsP
FP-Laser
InGaAsP
Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition 7
Table 3 DFB Laser Source Modules Laser Safety Information
Agilent 81661A Agilent 81662A Agilent 81663A
Laser Type CW DFB Laser
customer supplied
Wavelength range 1500 - 1650 nm
see display
Max. CW output power* <15 mW or <28 mW
depending on
customer-supplied
laser diode
Beam waist diameter 9 µm9 µm9 µm
Numerical aperture 0.1 0.1 0.1
Laser Class according to
IEC 60825-1 (1998)- International
Max. permissible CW output power - IEC** 50 mW 50 mW 50 mW
Laser Class according to
FDA 21 CFR 1040.10 (1995) - USA
Max. permissible CW output power - FDA** 500 mW 500 mW 500 mW
* Max. CW output power is defined as the highest possible optical power that the laser source can produce at its output connector.
** Max. permissible CW output power is the highest optical power that is permitted within the appropriate laser class.
3A 3A 3A
IIIb IIIb IIIb
CW DFB Laser
with built-in isolator
1500 - 1650 nm
see display
<15 mW <28 mW
CW DFB Laser
with built-in isolator
1500 - 1650 nm
see display
Initial Safety Information for Tunable Laser Modules
Table 4 Tunable Laser Modules Laser Safety Information
Agilent 81480A Agilent 81680A Agilent 81682A Agilent 81640A Agilent 81642A Agilent 81689A
Laser Type FP-Laser
InGaAsP
Wavelength range 1370-1480 nm 1400-1670 nm 1400-1670 nm 1400-1670 nm 1400-1670 nm 1400-1670 nm
Max. CW output power* <15 mW <15 mW <15 mW <15 mW <15 mW <15 mW
Beam waist diameter 9 µm9 µm9 µm9 µm9 µm9 µm
Numerical aperture 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Laser Class according to
IEC 60825-1 (1998)- International
Max. permissible CW output
power - IEC**
Laser Class according to
FDA 21 CFR 1040.10 (1995) - USA
Max. permissible CW output
power - FDA**
* Max. CW output power is defined as the highest possible optical power that the laser source can produce at its output connector.
** Max. permissible CW output power is the highest optical power that is permitted within the appropriate laser class.
3A 3A 3A 3A 3A 3A
50 mW 50 mW 50 mW 50 mW 50 mW 50 mW
IIIb IIIb IIIb IIIb IIIb IIIb
500 mW 500 mW 500 mW 500 mW 500 mW 500 mW
FP-Laser
InGaAsP
FP-Laser
InGaAsP
FP-Laser
InGaAsP
FP-Laser
InGaAsP
FP-Laser
InGaAsP
8 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition
Laser Safety Labels - 28 mW Max. CW Output Power
Figure 1 USA Safety Labels (81655A, 81656A, 81657A, 81663A)
Figure 2 Non-USA Safety Labels (81655A, 81656A, 81657A, 81663A)
Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition 9
Depending on the customer-supplied laser diode, these labels will be
applied to the Agilent 81661A DFB Laser Source module before
shipment, if not, the labels described below in“Laser Safety Labels - 15
mW Max. CW Output Power” on page 10 will be applied.
A sheet of laser safety labels is included with the laser module. You
MUST stick the labels in the local language onto the outside of the
instrument, in a position where they are clearly visible to anyone
using the instrument.
Laser Safety Labels - 15 mW Max. CW Output Power
These laser safety warning labels are fixed on the outside of the
Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System before shipment.
Figure 3 USA Safety Labels (81662A, 81640A, 81642A, 81680A, 81682A, 81689A)
10 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition
These laser safety warning labels are fixed on the outside of the Agilent 8164A/B
Lightwave Measurement System before shipment.
Figure 4 Non-USA Safety Labels (81662A, 81640A, 81642A, 81680A, 81682A, 81689A)
Depending on the customer-supplied laser diode, these labels will be
applied to the Agilent 81661A DFB Laser Source module before
shipment, if not, the labels described above in“Laser Safety Labels - 28
mW Max. CW Output Power” on page 9 will be applied.
A sheet of laser safety labels is included with the laser module. You
MUST stick the labels in the local language onto the outside of the
instrument, in a position where they are clearly visible to anyone
using the instrument.
Further Safety Information
WARNING Please pay attention to the following laser safety warnings:
• Under no circumstances look into the end of an optical cable
attached to the optical output when the device is operational. The
laser radiation can seriously damage your eyesight.
• Do not en abl e the laser wh en th ere is no fiber at tached t o th e op tic al
output connector.
• The laser is enabled by pressing the gray button close to the optical
output connector on the front panel of the module. The laser is on
when the green LED on the front panel of the instrument is lit.
• The use of optical instruments with this product will increase eye
hazard.
• The laser module has a built-in safety circuitry which will disable
the optical output in the case of a fault condition.
Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition 11
WARNING Refer Servicing only to qualified and authorized personnel.
12 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition
The Structure of this Manual
This manual is divided into 3 sections:
• Getting Started
This section gives an introduction to the instrument and aims to
make the instrument familiar to you:
– “Getting Started” on page 35 and
– “Additional Information” on page 61.
• How to Use Modules and Applications
This section gives information on how to control modules from the
front panel:
– “Power Measurement” on page 79,
– “Laser Sources” on page 105,
– “Tunable Lasers” on page 115,
– “Return Loss Measurement” on page 147,
– “Setting Attenuation and/or Power Levels” on page 179, and
– “Applications” on page 201.
• Additional Information
This section gives the following supporting information of a nonoperational nature:
– “Installation and Maintenance” on page 259,
– “Accessories” on page 285,
– “Specifications and Regulations Compliance” on page 301,
– “Performance Tests” on page 323,
– “Error Messages” on page 353
– “Cleaning Instructions” on page 387, and
– “Firmware Upgrades” on page 409.
Conventions used in this Manual
• Hardkeys are indicated by italics, for example, Config, or Channel.
• Softkeys are indicated by normal text enclosed in square brackets,
for example, [Zoom] or [Cancel].
• Parameters are indicated by italics enclosed by square brackets, for
example, [Range Mode], or [MinMax Mode].
Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition 13
• Menu items are indicated by italics enclosed in brackets, for
example, <MinMax>, or <Continuous>.
Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Offices
Any adjustment, maintenance, or repair of this product must be
performed by qualified personnel. Contact your customer engineer
thr ough your local Agilent Technologies Service Center. You can find a
list of local service representatives on the Web at:
http://www.agilent-tech.com/services/English/index.html
If you do not have access to the Internet, one of these centers can
direct you to your nearest representative:
United States: Test and Measurement Call Center
(800) 452-4844 (Toll free in US)
Canada: (877) 894-4414
Europe: (31 20) 547 2323
Japan: Measurement Assistance Center
(81) 426 56 7832
(81) 426 56 7840 (FAX)
Latin America: (305) 269 7500
(305) 269 7599(FAX)
Australia/
New Zealand:
Asia-Pacific: (852) 3197 7777
1 800 629 485 (Australia)
0800 738 378 (New Zealand)
(852) 2506 9284 (FAX)
14 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition
Tabl e o f Con ten t s
Tab l e o f C o nt e nt s
Safety Considerations 3
Line Power Requirements 3
Line Power Cable 4
Operating Environment 4
Input/Output Signals 5
Additional Safety Requirements 5
Safety Symbols 6
Laser Safety Information 7
Initial Safety Information for Laser Source Modules 7
Initial Safety Information for Tunable Laser Modules 8
Laser Safety Labels - 28 mW Max. CW Output Power 9
Laser Safety Labels - 15 mW Max. CW Output Power 10
Further Safety Information 11
The Structure of this Manual 13
Conventions used in this Manual 13
Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Offices 14
Getting Started 35
Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter 37
Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System 38
Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System 39
A Description of the User Interface 40
Password 41
If You F o r g et Yo u r P a s sw o r d 41
User Interface Features 41
Introducing Softkeys 41
Introducing Hardkeys 42
Special Module States 42
Slot and Channel Numbers 42
How to Navigate/Modify the Display 43
Overview Screen 43
How to Use the Cursor Key 45
How to Use the Numerical Keypad 45
How to Use the Modify Knob 46
How to Change Channel 46
How to Access the Details Screen 47
How to Access the Menu 49
Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition 15
Table of Cont en t s
Additional Information 61
How to Change the System Configuration 51
How to Get Help 52
How to Access Applications 53
How to Change the Value of a Parameter 54
How to Select a Parameter 54
How to Accept the New Value of a Parameter 55
How to Make a Big Change to a Continuous Parameter 55
How to Make a Small Change to a Continuous Parameter 55
How to Change a Discrete Parameter 57
How to Set All Parameters to Their Default Values 57
If You Make a Mistake 58
If the Parameter Changes to Different Value 58
A Sample Session 58
How to Measure the Power of a Modulated Signal 58
Using the System Utilities 63
How to Set the Backlight 64
To Set the Backlight 64
How to Set the Date & Time 65
How to Lock/Unlock the High-Power Laser Sources 66
How to Set the Trigger Configuration 67
How to Configure Startup Applications 68
How to Configure your Foot Pedal 69
How to Set the GPIB Address 70
How to Set the Speed of the Serial Interface 70
How to Update a Module 71
How to Select the Printer Type 72
How to Change the Password 73
If You Forget Your Password 74
How to Get Information About Modules 74
How to Get Information About the Mainframe 75
How to Connect an External Monitor 77
How to Connect a Printer 78
16 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition
Tab l e o f C o nt e nt s
Power Measurement 79
How to Measure Power 81
The Power Value 81
How to Set the Number of Digits 81
How to Set the Power Unit 82
What are the Power Units ? 82
How to Set the Calibration Offset 83
How to Set the Reference Level 84
How to Input a Reference Level 84
How to Set the Reference Value to the Current Power Value 84
How to Reference Another Power Measurement Channel 85
How to Set the Wavelength 86
How to Remove Electrical Offsets 87
How to Choose the Range Mode 90
How to Set the Range 91
Upper Power Limit and Resolution 95
How to Set the Averaging Time 96
How to Choose the MinMax Mode 97
How to Turn Off MinMax Mode 99
How to Hold the Screen 100
How to Use Triggers 100
How to Trigger Power Measurements 100
How to Use Output Triggering 102
Dual Power Meters - Master and Slave Channels 103
Laser Sources 105
How to Use Laser Source Modules 107
The Laser Wavelength Value 107
Dual-Wavelength Laser Source Modules 107
How to Enable/Disable Laser Output 108
How to Set Attenuation 109
How to Modulate the Optical Output 110
How to Change Modulation Source 110
How to Disable Modulation 110
How to Use the Internal Modulation 110
How to Set the Frequency of a Modulated Signal 110
How to Set the Modulation Mode 110
How to Increase Linewidth 111
How to Modulate Dual-Wavelength Laser Source Modules 111
Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition 17
Table of Cont en t s
Tunable Lasers 115
How to Use Triggers 112
How to Use Output Triggering 112
What is a Tunable Laser ? 117
How to Set the Power 117
How to Set the Output Power of a CW Signal 118
How to Set Output Power 118
How to Set the Optical Output 118
How to Set the Optical Output 120
How to Enable the Optical Output 120
How to Set Power and Attenuation 120
What is Excessive Power ? 122
How to Set the Laser to the Dark Position 122
The Analog Output 123
How to Set the BNC Output Line Mode as an Analog Output 124
How to Set the Wavelength 124
Wavelength Range 124
How to Set the Wavelength Directly 125
How to Set a Relative Wavelength 125
How to Change the Output Wavelength 126
How to Set the Base Wavelength 126
How to Change the Frequency Offset 127
How to Perform a Wavelength Sweep 127
What is a Wavelength Sweep ? 127
How to Set the Wavelength Sweep 127
The Sweep Parameters 127
How to Set the Repeat Mode 128
How to Set the Maximum Power for the Sweep Range 129
How to Perform a Sweep 129
How to Execute a Stepped Sweep 129
How to Execute a Continuous Sweep 131
How to Perform a Manual Sweep 132
How to Modulate a Signal 134
How to Use the Internal Modulation 134
How to Set the Output Power of a Modulated Signal 134
How to Set the Frequency of a Modulated Signal 134
How to Set the Modulation Mode 135
How to Use External Modulation 135
External Digital Modulation 135
18 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition
Tab l e o f C o nt e nt s
External Analog Modulation 136
Wavelength Locking 137
External Digital Modulation using Input Trigger Connector 138
How to Increase Linewidth 139
How to Set the Output Power of a Modulated Signal 139
How to Configure the Modulation Output 139
How to Set the BNC Output Line Mode as a Modulation Output 140
How to Set the Modulation Output Mode 140
How to Use Triggers 140
How to Use Input Triggering 140
How to Use Output Triggering 142
How to Use Auxiliary Functions 143
Automatic Realignment 143
How to Perform a Wavelength Zero 144
Return Loss Measurement 147
Getting Started With Return Loss 149
What is Return Loss? 149
What is Insertion Loss? 149
Equipment required 150
How to Choose a Light Source 150
Return Loss Modules 152
Calibration Measurements 153
Return Loss Measurement 154
Setup 155
Calibrating the Return Loss Module 157
Calibration using the Agilent 81000BR Reference Reflector 158
Reflectance Calibration 158
Termination Calibration 160
Calibration using the Agilent 81610CC Reference Cable 161
Reflectance Calibration 161
Front Panel Delta Calibration 162
Termination Calibration using the Measurement Patchcord 165
How to Measure Return Loss 166
How to Measure Return Loss and Insertion Loss 166
Viewing the Calibration Values 167
A Background to Return Loss Measurement 171
Measuring the Reflected Power from a Component with Known
Reflection Factor 171
Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition 19
Table of Cont en t s
Setting Attenuation and/or Power Levels 179
Measuring the Power Transmitted Through the Reflection
Reference 172
Measuring the Power when there are No Reflections 172
Measuring the Power Transmitted Through the Measurement
Patchcord 173
Measuring the Reflections from the DUT 173
Measuring the Power Transmitted Through the DUT 174
Calculating the Return Loss of the DUT 174
Calculating the Front Panel Delta 176
Calculating the Insertion Loss of the DUT 178
Agilent 8156xA Variable Optical Attenuator modules 181
How to Use a Variable Optical Attenuator module 182
The User Interface 182
How to Control the Shutter 184
How to Set Attenuation 185
How to Apply an Attenuation Offset 186
How to Set a Power Level 188
Calibrating Test Setups that use an 81560A/61A Attenuator module
188
Calibrating Test Setups that use an 81566A/67A Attenuator module
190
How to Compensate for Wavelength Depenencies 193
How to Apply a λ Offset Table 193
Editing the λ Offset Table 193
How to Construct a λ Offset Table 195
During a test that utilizes the λ Offset Table 196
How to Use the Power Control Feature 197
Attenuator Menu Options 198
Attenuator Status Indicators 199
20 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition
Tab l e o f C o nt e nt s
Applications 201
Working with Application Graphs 203
How to Set Markers 204
How to Zoom In 204
How to Zoom Out 205
To Switch the Grid On/Off 205
How to Use Legends 205
How to Identify Curves 205
How to Change the Legend Label 206
How to Select the Samples Display 207
How to Read Curve Values 209
How to Lock Markers to the Curve 210
How to Unlock Markers from the Curve 211
How to Lock/Unlock Markers to Samples 211
The Logging Application 213
How to Set Up a Logging Function 214
Selecting/Deselecting Power Meters 216
Setting Power Meter Parameters 216
Setting Logging Parameter 218
Running a Logging Application 219
Analysing a Logging Application 220
Setting Analysis Parameters 222
Viewing the Statistics for a Power Meter Channel 223
On-Screen Messages 223
The Stability Application 225
How to Set Up a Stability Function 226
Selecting/Deselecting Power Meters 227
Setting Power Meter Parameters 228
Setting Stability Parameter 229
Running a Stability Application 230
Analysing a Stability Application 231
Setting Analysis Parameters 233
Viewing the Statistics for a Power Meter Channel 234
On-Screen Messages 234
The PACT Application 236
What is the PACT ? 236
How to Set Up PACT 236
Selecting a Tunable Laser Module 237
Selecting/Deselecting Power Meters 237
Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition 21
Table of Cont en t s
Setting Sweep Parameters 238
How to Measure the Reference 240
How to Perform a Loss Measurement 242
Analysing a PACT Measurement 246
On-Screen Messages 248
The Pmax Curve 248
What is the Pmax Curve ? 248
How to View the Pmax Curve 249
The Return Loss Application 250
Starting the Application 250
Measuring Return Loss 250
Measuring Return Loss and Insertion Loss 251
On-Screen Messages 251
Configuration 251
User Interface 252
Zero all 252
Edit 252
Cal 252
Show Cal 253
Measure 253
Menu 253
Recording Measurement Results 253
Printing Application Measurement Results 253
Saving Application Measurement Results to Diskette 256
Installation and Maintenance 259
Safety Considerations 261
Initial Inspection 261
AC Line Power Supply Requirements 262
Line Power Requirements 262
Line Power Cable 262
Changing the Battery 265
Changing the Fuse 266
Operating and Storage Environment 266
Temperature 266
Humidity 267
Altitude 267
Pollution Protection 267
22 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition
Tab l e o f C o nt e nt s
Storage and Shipment 267
Instrument Cooling 267
Operating Position 268
Storage Position 269
Carrying the Instrument 270
Using Modules 271
How to Fit and Remove Modules 271
How to Remove a Front-Loadable Module 271
How to Fit a Front-Loadable Module 272
How to Remove a Back-Loadable Module 273
How to Fit a Back-Loadable Module 274
Adding a Connector Interface 276
Protecting Empty Module Slots 276
Fitting Blind Panels for Front-Loadable Module Slots 276
Fitting a Filler Module for Back-Loadable Module Slots 277
Input and Output Connectors 277
The Remote Interlock (RIL) connector 279
GPIB Interface 280
Cables and Adapters 280
Connector 280
GPIB Logic Levels 281
Serial Interface 281
Parallel Port, PCMCIA Slot, Keyboard connector and 24V
DC Output
283
Claims and Repackaging 283
Return Shipments to Agilent Technologies 283
Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Offices 284
Accessories 285
Instrument and Options - Agilent 8163A/B 287
Modules 287
Instrument and Options - Agilent 8164A/B 290
Modules 290
Agilent 81645A Filler Module 293
Options 293
Option 003 - Agilent 81682A, Agilent 81642A 293
Option 021 - Agilent 81689A 293
Option 022 - Agilent 81689A 293
Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition 23
Table of Cont en t s
Specifications and Regulations Compliance 301
Option 071 - All Tunable Laser Source Modules 293
Option 072 - All Tunable Laser Source Modules 293
HP 8153A Lightwave Multimeter Modules 294
Instrument and Options - Agilent 8166A/B 296
Modules 296
GPIB Cables and Adapters 298
Agilent 8163A Specifications 303
Agilent 8163B Specifications 304
Agilent 8164A Specifications 305
Agilent 8164B Specifications 306
Agilent 8166A Specifications 307
Agilent 8166B Specifications 308
Declarations of Conformity 309
Agilent 8163A Lightwave Multimeter 309
Agilent 8163B Lightwave Multimeter 311
Agilent 8164A Lightwave Measurement System 313
Agilent 8164B Lightwave Measurement System 315
Agilent 8166A Lightwave Multichannel System 317
Agilent 8166B Lightwave Multichannel System 319
Regulations Information 321
Safety Canada 321
EMC Canada 321
EMC Australia/New Zealand 321
Performance Tests 323
Equipment Required 325
Test Record 326
Test Failure 326
Instruments Specifications 326
Performance Test Instructions 327
Display/Key Functional Test 327
Testing H a r d k ey s 3 2 8
Testing the Softkeys and the Cursor Key 328
Testing the Softkeys and the Enter Key 328
Testing the the Modify Knob 329
24 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition
Tab l e o f C o nt e nt s
Te s t in g th e Nu m be r K e y s 3 2 9
Module Interaction Test 330
Test of the Tunable Laser Module Channel (Slot 0) 331
GPIB Interface Test (Optional) 331
Tes t Rec o rd 333
Agilent 8163A Lightwave Multimeter Performance Test 333
Agilent 8163B Lightwave Multimeter Performance Test 335
Agilent 8164A Lightwave Measurement System Performance Test 337
Agilent 8164B Lightwave Measurement System Performance Test 341
Agilent 8166A Lightwave Multichannel System Performance Test 345
Agilent 8166B Lightwave Multichannel System Performance Test 349
Error Messages 353
SYST:ERR? 354
Screen Status Messages 356
Mainframes 357
8163A 358
8163B 358
8164A 358
8164B 359
8166A 359
8166B 360
Errors appearing on pop-up menus 361
Error on Module 361
Error 363
Tunable Laser Sources 364
Initialization Tests 364
Selftests 368
Return Loss Meters 372
Powermeters and Interface Modules with Optical Head 376
Fixed Laser Sources (Fabry Perot) 381
DFB Laser Sources 384
Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition 25
Table of Cont en t s
Cleaning Instructions 387
Safety Precautions 389
Why is it important to clean optical devices ? 389
What do I need for proper cleaning? 390
Standard Cleaning Equipment 390
Dust and shutter caps 390
Isopropyl alcohol 391
Cotton swabs 391
Soft tissues 392
Pipe cleaner 392
Compressed air 392
Additional Cleaning Equipment 393
Microscope with a magnification range about 50X up to 300X 393
Ultrasonic bath 393
Warm water and liquid soap 394
Premoistened cleaning wipes 394
Polymer film 394
Infrared Sensor Card 394
Preserving Connectors 395
Cleaning Instrument Housings 395
Which Cleaning Procedure should I use ? 396
How to clean connectors 396
How to clean connector adapters 397
How to clean connector interfaces 398
How to clean bare fiber adapters 399
How to clean lenses 400
How to clean instruments with a fixed connector interface
400
How to clean instruments with an optical glass plate 401
How to clean instruments with a physical contact interface
401
How to clean instruments with a recessed lens interface
402
How to clean optical devices which are sensitive to
mechanical stress and pressure
403
How to clean metal filters or attenuator gratings 404
26 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition
Tab l e o f C o nt e nt s
Additional Cleaning Information
405
How to clean bare fiber ends 405
How to clean large area lenses and mirrors 405
Other Cleaning Hints 407
Firmware Upgrades 409
Firmware Upgrade Process 411
READ THIS SECTION BEFORE UPGRADING FIRMWARE 411
How to Get a Firmware Upgrade 412
Receive a Support Disk with New Modules 412
Download Firmware Upgrade from the Internet 412
How to Upgrade Firmware 413
How to Upgrade Firmware from the Internet 413
How to Upgrade Firmware from CD-ROM 414
Agilent 8163A Firmware Upgrade Procedure 414
Agilent 8163B Firmware Upgrade Procedure 415
Agilent 8164A Firmware Upgrade Procedure 416
Agilent 8164B Firmware Upgrade Procedure 417
Agilent 8166A Firmware Upgrade Procedure 418
Agilent 8166B Firmware Upgrade Procedure 419
Agilent Module Firmware Upgrade Procedure 420
Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition 27
Table of Cont en t s
28 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition
List of Figures
Figure 1 USA Safety Labels (81655A, 81656A, 81657A, 81663A) . . . . . . 9
Figure 2 Non-USA Safety Labels (81655A, 81656A, 81657A, 81663A) . . . . . 9
Figure 3 USA Safety Labels (81662A, 81640A, 81642A, 81680A, 81682A, 81689A) . . 10
Figure 4 Non-USA Safety Labels (81662A, 81640A, 81642A, 81680A, 81682A, 81689A) 11
Figure 5 The Agilent 8163B Lightwave Multimeter Mainframe . . . . . . 37
Figure 6 The Agilent 8164B Lightwave Measurement System Mainframe . . . . 38
Figure 7 The Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System Mainframe . . . 39
Figure 8 The Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System User Interface . . 40
Figure 9 The Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter User Interface . . . . . 41
Figure 10 The Agilent 8163B’s Overview Screen . . . . . . . . . . 43
Figure 11 The Agilent 8164A/B’s Overview Screen . . . . . . . . . . 44
Figure 12 The Agilent 8166A Overview Screen . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Figure 13 The Cursor Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Figure 14 The Modify Knob. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Figure 15 The Agilent 8163B’s Details Screen for a Power Sensor Channel . . . . 47
Figure 16 The Agilent 8164A/B’s Details Screen for a Tunable Laser Channel . . . 48
Figure 17 The Agilent 8166A Details Screen for a Power Sensor Channel . . . . 48
Figure 18 The Agilent 8163B/6B Menu for a Power Sensor Channel . . . . . 49
Figure 19 The Agilent 8164A/B Menu for a Power Sensor Channel . . . . . . 50
Figure 20 The Agilent 8163B System Configuration Menu . . . . . . . . 51
Figure 21 The Agilent 8164A/B System Configuration Menu . . . . . . . 51
Figure 22 The Agilent 8164A/B Help Screen . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Figure 23 The Agilent 8164A/B Help Index . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Figure 24 The Applications Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Figure 25 The First Digit Before the Decimal Point is Highlighted First . . . . . 56
Figure 26 Averaging Time Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Figure 27 Connecting the Instrument for the Sample Session . . . . . . . 59
Figure 28 The Agilent 8163B/6B Configuration Menu . . . . . . . . . 63
Figure 29 The Agilent 8164A/B System Configuration Menu . . . . . . . 63
Figure 30 Entering a Backlight Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Figure 31 Editing the Date and the Time . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Figure 32 Unlocking the Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Figure 33 Changing the Triggering Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Figure 34 Enabling/Disabling the Foot Pedal . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Figure 35 Entering a GPIB Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Figure 36 Selecting a Baudrate for the Serial Interface . . . . . . . . . 71
Figure 37 Module Update mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Figure 38 Selecting a Printer Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Figure 39 Slots with Installed Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Figure 40 Viewing Information About a Module . . . . . . . . . . 75
Figure 41 Viewing Information About the Mainframe . . . . . . . . . 76
Figure 42 Rear Panel of the Agilent 8164B Lightwave Measurement System . . . 77
Figure 43 The Number of Digits Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Figure 44 Selecting the Power Unit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Figure 45 Referencing Another Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Figure 46 Module Channels that are Settling . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Figure 47 Zeroing Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
List of Figures
Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition 29
List of Figures
Figure 48 Zeroing Fails, if the Power Meter Receives Input Light. . . . . . . 90
Figure 49 Auto-Range Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Figure 50 Manual Range Mode - Within Range . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Figure 51 Out of Range - Power Greater Than Upper Power Limit. . . . . . . 93
Figure 52 Out of Range - Power Less Than Resolution . . . . . . . . . 94
Figure 53 Range Value Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Figure 54 Measurements with Tavg £ 1 second . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Figure 55 The Window and Refresh Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Figure 56 MinMax Mode Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Figure 57 Power Module Channel is Held - Overview Screen . . . . . . . 100
Figure 58 Input Trigger Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Figure 59 Output Trigger Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Figure 60 Menu of Parameters for a Fixed Wavelength Laser Source . . . . . 107
Figure 61 Dual-Wavelength Laser Source Outputs Both Wavelengths . . . . 108
Figure 62 The Power Sensor Details Screen . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Figure 63 The Modulated Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Figure 64 Output Trigger Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Figure 65 Setting High Power parameters . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Figure 66 Setting Low SSE parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Figure 67 Setting Attenuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Figure 68 Excessive Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Figure 69 Output Power and the Analog Output in <Manual Att.> Mode . . . . 123
Figure 70 Specified and Permitted Wavelength Range . . . . . . . . 125
Figure 71 Setting a Relative Wavelength . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Figure 72 The Parameters for a Stepped Wavelength Sweep . . . . . . . 128
Figure 73 Repeat Modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Figure 74 Executing a Stepped Sweep . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Figure 75 Pausing a Stepped Sweep . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Figure 76 Performing a Manual Sweep . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Figure 77 The Modulated Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Figure 78 External Digital Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Figure 79 External Analog Modulation and Output Power . . . . . . . 137
Figure 80 Wavelength Locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Figure 81 Input Trigger Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Figure 82 Output Trigger Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Figure 83 Realign Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Figure 84 l Zeroing Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Figure 85 Measuring Return Loss and Insertion Loss . . . . . . . . 150
Figure 86 The Contents of the Agilent 81610A Return Loss module . . . . . 152
Figure 87 The Contents of the Agilent 81611A and Agilent 81612A Return Loss modules 152
Figure 88 The Contents of the Agilent 81613A and Agilent 81614A Return Loss modules 153
Figure 89 Return Loss Measurement Setup - External Source used . . . . . 155
Figure 90 Return Loss Measurement Setup - Internal Source used . . . . . 155
Figure 91 Agilent 8161x Details Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Figure 92 Reflectance Calibration - External Source . . . . . . . . . 158
Figure 93 Reflection Calibration - Internal Source . . . . . . . . . 158
Figure 94 Measuring the Reflection Reference . . . . . . . . . . 159
Figure 95 Termination Calibration - External source . . . . . . . . . 160
Figure 96 Termination Calibration - Internal Source . . . . . . . . . 160
Figure 97 Measuring the Return Loss of the Reference Cable - External Source . . 161
Figure 98 Measuring the Return Loss of the Reference Cable - Internal Source . . 161
Figure 99 Power Transmitted through the Reference Cable - External Source . . . 162
30 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition
List of Figures
Figure 100 Power Transmitted through the Reference Cable - Internal Source . . . 163
Figure 101 Power Transmitted through the Measurement Patchcord - External Source . 163
Figure 102 Power Transmitted through the Measurement Patchcord - Internal Source . 164
Figure 103 Measuring the Termination Parameter - External Source . . . . . . 165
Figure 104 Measuring the Termination Parameter - Internal Source . . . . . . 165
Figure 105 Measuring the Return Loss of the DUT (in this example: a Connector Pair) . 166
Figure 106 Measuring the Power Transmitted through the DUT (a Connector Pair) . . 166
Figure 107 The Calibration Parameters Screens - Return Loss Diode . . . . . . 168
Figure 108 The Calibration Parameters Screens - Monitor Diode . . . . . . . 169
Figure 109 The Calibration Parameters Screens - User Data . . . . . . . . 170
Figure 110 Measuring the Power from a Component with a Known Reflection Factor . 171
Figure 111 Measuring the Power transmitted through the Reflection Reference . . . 172
Figure 112 Measuring the Power with the Connector Terminated . . . . . . 172
Figure 113 Measuring the Power transmitted through the Measurement Patchcord . . 173
Figure 114 Measuring the Reflections from the Device Under Test . . . . . . 173
Figure 115 Measuring the Power transmitted through the Device Under Test . . . 174
Figure 116 Generalization of a Return Loss Measurement . . . . . . . . 177
Figure 117 81566A/67A Attenuator module power control loop . . . . . . . 181
Figure 118 81560A/61A Attenuator module, 8164A/B User Interface Overview . . . 182
Figure 119 81560A/61A Attenuator module, 8164A/B User Interface Details . . . 183
Figure 120 Attenuation factor set to 4.000 dB . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Figure 121 81560A/61A - Attenuation factor applied with no offset . . . . . . 187
Figure 122 81560A/61A Attenuation Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Figure 123 81560A/61A Calibration using Pref . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Figure 124 81566A/67A Setting P
after calibration using [PM->Off] . . . . . 192
SET
Figure 125 The λ Offset Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Figure 126 Extrapolation and Interpolation of Offset Values . . . . . . . . 196
Figure 127 81560A/61A Attenuator Menu Options . . . . . . . . . . 198
Figure 128 81566A/67A Attenuator Menu Options . . . . . . . . . . 198
Figure 129 The Application Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Figure 130 The Graph Legend Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Figure 131 Samples Display - <Line> . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Figure 132 Samples Display - <Samples> . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Figure 133 Samples Display - <Samples & Line> . . . . . . . . . . 209
Figure 134 The Lock to Curve Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Figure 135 Lock to Samples On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Figure 136 Lock to Samples Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Figure 137 Example Logging Application . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Figure 138 The Application Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Figure 139 The Agilent 8164A/B Logging Setup Screen . . . . . . . . . 215
Figure 140 The Agilent 8163B Logging Modules Setup Screen . . . . . . . 215
Figure 141 The Agilent 8163B Logging Parameter Setup Screen . . . . . . . 217
Figure 142 The Logging Measurement Screen - Measurement Running . . . . . 219
Figure 143 The Logging Measurement Screen - Measurement Completed . . . . 220
Figure 144 The Agilent 8164A/B Logging Analysis Screen . . . . . . . . 221
Figure 145 The Agilent 8163B Logging Analysis Screen - First Screen . . . . . 221
Figure 146 The Agilent 8163B Logging Analysis Screen - Second Screen . . . . 223
Figure 147 Example Stability Application . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Figure 148 The Agilent 8164A/B Stability Setup Screen . . . . . . . . . 226
Figure 149 The Agilent 8163B Stability Module Setup Screen . . . . . . . 227
Figure 150 The Agilent 8163B Stability Parameter Setup Screen . . . . . . . 228
Figure 151 The Stability Measurement Screen - Measurement Running . . . . . 230
Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition 31
List of Figures
Figure 152 The Stability Measurement Screen - Measurement Completed. . . . 231
Figure 153 The Agilent 8164A/B Stability Analysis Screen . . . . . . . 232
Figure 154 The Agilent 8163B Stability Analysis Screenn - First Screen . . . . 232
Figure 155 The Agilent 8163A/B Stability Analysis Screen - Second Screen . . . 234
Figure 156 The PACT Setup Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Figure 157 PACT Reference Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
Figure 158 Connection Prompt Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Figure 159 PACT Reference Measurement Finished Box . . . . . . . . 242
Figure 160 PACT Measurement Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Figure 161 Low Dynamic Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Figure 162 High Dynamic Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Figure 163 The PACT Measurement Screen - Measurement Completed . . . . 246
Figure 164 The PACT Analysis Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Figure 165 The Pmax Curve Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Figure 166 Main Screen of the Return Loss Application . . . . . . . . 252
Figure 167 The Printing in Progress Screen . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Figure 168 Printed Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Figure 169 The File Name Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Figure 170 Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter System Power Key . . . . 262
Figure 171 Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System Power Key . . . . 263
Figure 172 Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System Power Key . . . . 263
Figure 173 AC Power Requirement Markings - Agilent 8163A/B . . . . . . 265
Figure 174 AC Power Requirement Markings - Agilent 8164A/B . . . . . . 265
Figure 175 AC Power Requirement Markings - Agilent 8166A/B . . . . . . 265
Figure 176 Correct Operating Position of the 8163A/B . . . . . . . . 268
Figure 177 Correct Operating Position of the Agilent 8164A/B . . . . . . 268
Figure 178 Correct Operating Position of the Agilent 8166A/B . . . . . . 269
Figure 179 Storing the Agilent 8164A/B on its Back Legs.. . . . . . . . 270
Figure 180 Carry the Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System using this Strap 270
Figure 181 How to Remove a Front-Loadable Module . . . . . . . . . 272
Figure 182 How to Insert a Front-Loadable Module . . . . . . . . . 272
Figure 183 Back Panel of Agilent 8164B Lightwave Measurement System. . . . 273
Figure 184 Side View of a Back-Loadable Module . . . . . . . . . . 273
Figure 185 Removing a Back-Loadable Module from the Agilent 8164A/B . . . . 274
Figure 186 Fitting a Back-Loadable Module . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Figure 187 Adding a Connector Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
Figure 188 Fitting a Blind Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Figure 189 Rear Panel of the Agilent 8163B Lightwave Multimeter System . . . 278
Figure 190 Rear Panel of the Agilent 8164B Lightwave Measurement System . . . 278
Figure 191 Rear Panel of the Agilent 8166B Lightwave Multichannel System . . . 279
Figure 192 GPIB Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
Figure 193 Mainframe Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
Figure 194 Firmware Upgrade Flowchart . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
32 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition
List of Tables
List of Tables
Table 1 Standard Laser Source Modules Laser Safety Information . . . . . 7
Table 2 High Power Laser Source Modules Laser Safety Information . . . . . 7
Table 3 DFB Laser Source Modules Laser Safety Information . . . . . . . 8
Table 4 Tunable Laser Modules Laser Safety Information . . . . . . . . 8
Table 5 Upper Power Limits and Resolution for Various Power Ranges . . . . 95
Table 6 Parameters that can only be set using the master channel . . . . . 103
Table 7 High Return-Loss Patchcords . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Table 8 The Agilent 8156xA Variable Optical Attenuator family . . . . . . 181
Table 9 Attenuator Status Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Table 10 Logging Application On-Screen Messages . . . . . . . . . 224
Table 11 Stability Application On-Screen Messages . . . . . . . . . 235
Table 12 PACT Application On-Screen Messages . . . . . . . . . . 248
Table 13 Return Loss Application On-Screen Messages . . . . . . . . 251
Table 14 Specified Temperature Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Table 15 Equipment Required for Performance Tests . . . . . . . . . 325
Table 16 Reference Wavelength and Power Settings . . . . . . . . . 331
Table 17 Cleaning Instructions for Modules . . . . . . . . . . . 388
Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition 33
List of Tables
34 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition
Getting Started
Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition 35
Getting Started
This chapter introduces the features of the Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave
Multimeter, the Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System, and
the Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System. Here you will
find a quick description of the instrument, how to use the user
interface and how to perform a simple sample session
The central element of the instrument is the Agilent 8163A/B
Lightwave Multimeter, the Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement
System, and the Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System
mainframes. You customize the instrument using plug-in modules and
changeable fiber-connector interfaces. You can use this instrument as
a tunable laser source and also to take associated measurements.
36 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition
Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter Getting Started
Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave
Multimeter
Figure 5 The Agilent 8163B Lightwave Multimeter Mainframe
The Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter is a high-performance
optical multimeter for the characterization and evaluation of optical
components.
It’s modular format makes it flexible enough to meet changing needs
when measuring optical power, power loss, or return loss for single or
multi-mode components.
The Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter mainframe has two slim
module slots. The system can host up to two front-loadable modules, of
any combination of the following types:
• the Agilent 81689A Tunable Laser,
• Power Sensors, both dual and single,
• Return Loss Modules
• Fast Power Sensor Modules
• fixed wavelength Laser Sources, and
• Interface Modules for Optical Heads.
The front-loadable module slots also support all modules designed for
the HP 8153A Lightwave Multimeter.
Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition 37
Getting Started Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System
Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave
Measurement System
Figure 6 The Agilent 8164B Lightwave Measurement System Mainframe
The Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System mainframe has
one large and four slim module slots.
The system can host:
1 one back-loadable Tunable Laser module
2 and up to four front-loadable modules, of any combination of the
following types:
• Agilent 81689A Tunable Laser,
• Power Sensors, both dual and single,
• Return Loss Modules,
• Fast Power Sensor Modules
• fixed wavelength Laser Sources, and
• Interface Modules for Optical Heads.
The front-loadable module slots also support all modules designed for
the HP 8153A Lightwave Multimeter.
38 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition
Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System Getting Started
Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave
Multichannel System
Figure 7 The Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System Mainframe
The Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System has 17 slim
module slots.
The system can host up to seventeen front-loadable modules, of any
combination of the following types:
• Agilent 81689A Tunable Laser,
• Power Sensors, both dual and single,
• Return Loss Modules,
• Fast Power Sensor Modules,
• fixed wavelength Laser Sources, and
• Interface Modules for Optical Heads.
The front-loadable module slots do not support any modules designed
for the HP 8153A Lightwave Multimeter, that is, modules with part
numbers less than 81600.
Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition 39
Getting Started A Description of the User Interface
A Description of the User Interface
Figure 8 and Figure 9 show the user interface of the Agilent 8164A/B
and the Agilent 8163A/B/6A, respectively, and the names used in this
manual to describe the groups of keys.
Power Key
Display
Hardkeys
Cursor Key
Softkeys
Enter
Key
Channel
Key
Numerical Keypad
Modify
Knob
Figure 8 The Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System User Interface
The Agilent 8163A/B and the Agilent 8166A/B do not provide the
following two features of the Agilent 8164A/B’s user interface:
•the Modify Knob, and
• the Numerical Keypad.
40 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition
A Description of the User Interface Getting Started
Display
Softkeys
Cursor Key
Hardkeys
Figure 9 The Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter User Interface
Enter
Key
Power Key
Channel
Key
Password
When you use this instrument with high-power Laser Source modules
or Tunable Laser modules, you must enter the password to unlock the
instrument.
NOTE The default password is 1234.
If You Forget Your Password
If you forget your password, contact your nearest Agilent Technologies
Sales/Service Office. Find contact details by accessing
http://www.agilent.com/ on the internet.
User Interface Features
Introducing Softkeys
A softkey is a key whose function changes depending on the keys that
you have pressed before. The function of the softkey is shown on the
display to the left of the softkey.
Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition 41
Getting Started A Description of the User Interface
Introducing Hardkeys
A hardkey is a key that always has the same function.
Special Module States
Besides parameter or measurement values, you may also see some
texts instead.
<empty> The slot is empty.
<unknown> The installed module is not supported by the firmware
revision.
Slot and Channel Numbers
Each module is identified by a slot number and a channel number.
You can use slot and channel numbers:
• to identify each channel in the overview screen with a number at
the side of the screen,
• to identify each channel in the Details screen with a tab at the top of
the screen,
• to identify the channel when referencing the power measured by
another channel, see “How to Reference Another Power
Measurement Channel” on page 85,
• to identify the channel when using an application, see
“Applications” on page 201, and
• to identify a channel when using a GPIB command, see the
Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter, Agilent 8164A/B
Lightwave Measurement System, & Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave
Multichannel System Programming Guide for more information on
GPIB commands.
The slot number represents the module’s position in the mainframe.
Front-loadable modules are numbered:
• from one to two from left to right for the Agilent 8163A/B,
• from one to four from left to right for the Agilent 8164A/B, and
• from one to seventeen from left to right for the Agilent 8166A/B.
These numbers are displayed on the front panel beside each module
slot. The Agilent 8164A/B slot for back-loadable modules is numbered
zero.
NOTE Modules with two channels, for example, the Agilent 81635A Dual Power
Sensor, use the channel number to distinguish between these channels.
42 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition
A Description of the User Interface Getting Started
The channel number of single channel modules is always one.
How to Navigate/Modify the Display
Overview Screen
Figure 10 shows the overview screen for the Agilent 8163B Lightwave
Multimeter, this screen is shown immediately after start-up. It shows
the most important parameters of all installed modules.
Figure 10 The Agilent 8163B’s Overview Screen
NOTE The display of the Agilent 8163A and the Agilent 8166A is black and
white only.
Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition 43
Getting Started A Description of the User Interface
Figure 11 shows the overview screen for the Agilent 8164A/B
Lightwave Measurement System, this screen is shown immediately
after start-up. It shows the most important parameters of all installed
modules
Figure 11 The Agilent 8164A/B’s Overview Screen
44 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition
A Description of the User Interface Getting Started
Figure 12 shows the overview screen for the Agilent 8166A Lightwave
Multichannel System, this screen is shown immediately after start-up.
It shows the module slots that are occupied.
Figure 12 The Agilent 8166A Overview Screen
How to Use the Cursor Key
Figure 13 The Cursor Key
You can move the highlighted marker between parameters using the
[Cursor] hardkey.
When editing a parameter, see “How to Change the Value of a
Parameter” on page 54, the up and down cursor keys can be used to
increment and decrement the value of a digit and the left and right
cursor keys can be used to move the highlighted digit left and right.
How to Use the Numerical Keypad
NOTE The Numerical Keypad is only available if you use the
Agilent 8164A/B.
Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition 45
Getting Started A Description of the User Interface
You can use the Numerical Keypad to change the value of a parameter.
See “How to Change the Value of a Parameter” on page 54.
How to Use the Modify Knob
NOTE The Modify Knob is only available if you use the Agilent 8164A/B.
Figure 14 The Modify Knob
You can use the Modify Knob to navigate around the display. When
you turn the Modify Knob through one click, one action is performed.
Turning the Modify Knob clockwise moves the highlighted marker
right and then down. Turning the Modify Knob anti-clockwise moves
the highlighted marker left and then up.
You can use the Modify Knob to change the value of a parameter. See
“How to Change the Value of a Parameter” on page 54.
How to Change Channel
You can navigate between module channels by pressing the Channel
hardkey. You can use this key when either the overview screen or the
details screen is displayed.
46 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition
A Description of the User Interface Getting Started
How to Access the Details Screen
You can access the parameters of a module that are not shown on the
overview screen by pressing Channel to select the channel and
pressing the [Details] softkey. You should see the Details screen as
shown in Figure 15, Figure 16, or Figure 17.
Figure 15 The Agilent 8163B’s Details Screen for a Power Sensor Channel
Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition 47
Getting Started A Description of the User Interface
Figure 16 The Agilent 8164A/B’s Details Screen for a Tunable Laser Channel
Figure 17 The Agilent 8166A Details Screen for a Power Sensor Channel
If more than 3 modules are inserted in the Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave
Multichannel System, the user interface cannot display each channel
number in the details screen. The arrow indicates that undisplayed
channels can be accessed by pressing the Channel hardkey.
48 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition
A Description of the User Interface Getting Started
To return to the overview screen press the [Overview] softkey.
How to Access the Menu
Press the [Menu] softkey to access all the parameters and functions
that appl y to a module. Figure 18 and Figure 19 show the type of menu
you should see for a Power Sensor channel.
Figure 18 The Agilent 8163B/6B Menu for a Power Sensor Channel
Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition 49
Getting Started A Description of the User Interface
Figure 19 The Agilent 8164A/B Menu for a Power Sensor Channel
50 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition
A Description of the User Interface Getting Started
How to Change the System Configuration
Press the Config hardkey to access all the system configuration
parameters that can be changed. Figure 20 and Figure 21 show the
menu you should see. See “Additional Information” on page 61 for
more details.
Figure 20 The Agilent 8163B System Configuration Menu
Figure 21 The Agilent 8164A/B System Configuration Menu
Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition 51
Getting Started A Description of the User Interface
How to Get Help
Press the Help hardkey any time you need more information. The
instrument displays online documentation for the currently selected
parameter.
Figure 22 The Agilent 8164A/B Help Screen
Press the [Index] softkey to access the Index of help topics.
Figure 23 The Agilent 8164A/B Help Index
52 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition
A Description of the User Interface Getting Started
Press the [Back] softkey to return to the last Help topic you accessed.
You can scroll through the text using the up and down cursor keys.
The scroll bar displays the current position in the text.
Cross-references within the text allow you to access relevant topics.
Cross-references are underlined. If a cross-reference is highlighted, it
is selected. Use the left or right cursor keys to move to another crossreference. If you press the "Enter" hardkey or the [OK] softkey, you
will jump to the chosen cross-reference.
Press the [Print] softkey to print the current help page. See “How to
Connect a Printer” on page 78 for more information on printing.
Press the [Close] softkey to leave the online documentation and
resume your task.
How to Access Applications
You can access these applications for the Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave
Multimeter or Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System by
pressing the Appl hardkey, the Applications Menu appears, as shown
in Figure 24. See “Applications” on page 201 for further details.
Figure 24 The Applications Menu
NOTE These applications are not available for the Agilent 8166A/B
Lightwave Multichannel System.
Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition 53
Getting Started How to Change the Value of a Parameter
The Return Loss Application is only available for the Agilent 8163B
Lightwave Multimeter.
NOTE After you exit from the application, any modules selected by these
applications will automatically be preset, all parameters will be set to
their default values for the selected modules.
How to Change the Value of a Parameter
What follows is a description of the various ways of changing the value
of parameters. Examples in which particular parameter values are
changed are given with the parameter descriptions.
Parameters can be either:
• continuous, you may choose any value within a given range, or
• discrete, you may choose a value from a menu.
How to Select a Parameter
You can select the parameter from the following screens:
• from the Details screen, after pressing the [Details] softkey,
• from the Menu screen, after pressing the [Menu] softkey, or,
• for the Agilent 8163A/B and Agilent 8164A/B, from the Overview
screen.
To start editing a parameter, you move to it and:
•press the Enter hardkey,
• press the [Edit] softkey,
• press the Modify Knob (if you are using the Agilent 8164A/B), or,
• for numerical parameters only, type a digit on the numerical keypad
(if you are using the Agilent 8164A/B).
54 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition
How to Change the Value of a Parameter Getting Started
How to Accept the New Value of a Parameter
When you have changed the value of a parameter, to accept this
change:
•press the Enter hardkey,
• press the [OK] softkey,
• or, press the Modify Knob (if you are using the Agilent 8164A/B).
These keys all perform the same purpose. All references to pressing
Enter throughout this User’s Guide, refer to one of these three actions.
How to Make a Big Change to a Continuous Parameter
If you are changing the value of a parameter completely, type in the
value on the numerical keypad (if you are using the Agilent 8164A/B),
and press Enter.
To change the output power from 100 µW to 755 µW:
1 Press the [Menu] softkey.
2 Move to Power, using the cursor key, and press Enter.
3 Type 755.000 on the numerical keypad and press Enter.
How to Make a Small Change to a Continuous Parameter
For small changes to a parameter use the up and down cursor keys,
the numerical keypad (if you are using the Agilent 8164A/B), or the
modify knob (if you are using the Agilent 8164A/B).
Move to the parameter and then:
Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition 55
Getting Started How to Change the Value of a Parameter
1 Press [Edit]. The first digit before the decimal point will be
highlighted first, as shown in Figure 25.
Figure 25 The First Digit Before the Decimal Point is Highlighted First
2 If you want to select another digit to edit, use the left or right cursor
key.
3 Enter the new value for the digit by using the num erical keypad, the
up and down cursors or turning the modify knob.
4 Repeat steps 2 and 3 to continue editing the value.
5 When you have finished editing the value, press Enter. The edited
value becomes the new value of the parameter.
To change the wavelength from 1540.000 nm to 1525.000 nm:
1 Move to the wavelength parameter for a Tunable Laser module and
press [Edit]. The most significant digit is highlighted.
2 Press the left cursor once to highlight the digit four.
3 Press the down cursor twice to change the value of the digit to two.
4 Press the right cursor once to move the cursor one digit right.
5 Press the up cursor five times to change the value of the digit to five.
Press Enter to end the editing.
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How to Change the Value of a Parameter Getting Started
How to Change a Discrete Parameter
For discrete parameters, you may choose a particular values within a
given range.
For a Power Sensor module:
1 Move to the Power Sensor channel and press the [Details] softkey.
2 Move to the [AvgTime] parameter and press Enter.
3 Move to 1 s, by using the cursor key, and press Enter.
or
1 Move to the Power Sensor channel and press the [Menu] softkey.
2 Move to the <Averaging Time> parameter and press Enter. You see
the screen in Figure 26.
3 Move to <1 s>, by using the cursor key, and press Enter.
Figure 26 Averaging Time Menu
How to Set All Parameters to Their Default Values
Press Preset to set all parameters to their default values.
Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition 57
Getting Started A Sample Session
If You Make a Mistake
If you make a mistake while you are editing a parameter, you can
cancel the editing, and retain the previous value for the parameter by
pressing the [Cancel] softkey.
If the Parameter Changes to Different Value
If you press Enter or the [OK] softkey and the parameter changes to a
different value, then you tried to enter a value outside the calibrated
range. The new value is the nearest valid value to the value you
entered.
A Sample Session
This sample session shows you how to measure the power of a
modulated signal at a single wavelength.
The sample session is written for the Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave
Multimeter or Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System, the
Agilent 81689A Tunable Laser module, and the Agilent 81632A Power
Sensor. To perform the sample session as described here, you also
need a patchcord (if you are using the 81000AI Connector interface,
then a Diamond HMS-10/Agilent/HRL to Diamond HMS-10/Agilent
patchcord, Agilent 81109AC).
How to Measure the Power of a Modulated Signal
We want to measure the power of a 1540 nm signal, modulated by a
100 kHz square wave, at 500 µW.
1 Make sure that all your connectors, and connector interfaces are
clean.
2 Make sure that the Optical Output of the Laser Source is not active.
3 Connect the output of the Laser Source to the input of the Power
Sensor module, as shown in Figure 27. You must connect the correct
fiber end connector for your Tunable Laser module:
a For straight contact connectors, use a straight contact fiber end
connector with a black sleeve.
58 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition
A Sample Session Getting Started
b For angled contact connectors with a green sign beside the Tunable
Laser module’s optical output connector, use an angled contact fiber
end connector with a green sleeve.
B
B
Power
Sensor
TLS
B
Figure 27 Connecting the Instrument for the Sample Session
4 Make sure the instrument is powered up.
5 How to set the wavelength for the Power Sensor module:
a Move to the wavelength parameter, [λ], for the Power Sensor module
and press Enter.
b Enter 1540.000 and press Enter.
6 How to set the averaging time for the Power Sensor module:
a Move to the measurement averaging time, [Ta v g], and press Enter.
b Move to <1s>, using the cursor key, and press Enter.
7 For the Power Sensor module, make sure that Watts are the selected
Power Unit and that the instrument is in automatic ranging mode.
To change these settings:
a Move to the power parameter, [P], and press the
[Power Unit] softkey.
bMove to <W>, using the cursor key, and press Enter.
c Move to the [Range Mode] parameter and press Enter.
Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition 59
Getting Started A Sample Session
d Move to <Auto>, using the cursor key, and press Enter.
8 How to set the wavelength for the Tunable Laser module:
a Move to the wavelength parameter, [λ], for the Tunable Laser module
and press Enter.
b Enter 1540.000 and press Enter.
9 How to set the modulated power for the Tunable Laser module:
a If power is not displayed in Watts, move to the [P] parameter and press
the [Power Unit] softkey.
b Move to <W>, using the cursor key, and press Enter.
c Move to the [P] parameter and press Enter.
d Enter 500.000.
e Change units to µW, if necessary, using the [Unit+] or [Unit−] softkey.
f Press Enter.
10 How to set the modulation frequency for the Tunable Laser module:
a Select the [Frequency] parameter and press Enter.
b Enter 100.000 and press Enter.
11 For the Tunable Laser module, press the button beside the Optical
Output. The green LED should switch on to indicate that the laser is
now active.
You should notice that the power reading is approximately half the
value set on the Tunable Laser module. This is because the output is
modulated by a square wave with a 50% duty cycle.
60 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition
Additional Information
Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition 61
Additional Information
This chapter describes the system functions of the Agilent 8163A/B
Lightwave Multimeter, the Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement
System, and the Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System.
Here you will find out how to set the configuration settings and how to
connect an external monitor.
62 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition
Using the System Utilities Additional Information
Using the System Utilities
Press the Config hardkey to access configuration information for your
mainframe. You see the screens in Figure 28 and Figure 29.
Figure 28 The Agilent 8163B/6B Configuration Menu
Figure 29 The Agilent 8164A/B System Configuration Menu
Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition 63
Additional Information Using the System Utilities
You can move to any of the menu items by using the cursor key or the
Modify knob. Select an item by pressing Enter or the [OK] softkey.
How to Set the Backlight
The Backlight and menu option allows you to change the appearance
of the screen.
NOTE The Backlight menu option is supported by the Agilent 8163A/B and
Agilent 8166A/B but not by the Agilent 8164A/B.
To Set the Backlight
To change the backlight level of the Agilent 8163A/B/..6A/B’s screen:
1 Press the Config hardkey.
2 Move to the <Backlight> menu option and press Enter. You see a
box displaying the current setting.
Figure 30 Entering a Backlight Value
3 Enter an integer value between zero and one hundred in this box
and press Enter.
NOTE The Contrast can also be set for the Agilent 8163A and the 8166A
models, but only these models, as follows:
64 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition
Using the System Utilities Additional Information
1 Press the Config hardkey.
2 Move to the <Contrast> menu option and press Enter. You see a box
displaying the current setting
3 Enter an integer value between zero and one hundred in this box
and press Enter.
How to Set the Date & Time
The instrument uses the date and time when:
• you print out data from an application,
• you save data to diskette from an application, and
•you send the
your instrument’s Programming Guide for more details.
To set the date and time:
1 Press the Config hardkey.
2 Move to the <Date & Time> menu option and press Enter. You see a
box, similar to Figure 31, displaying the current date and time
settings.
:SYSTem:DATE?
or
:SYSTem:TIME?
GPIB commands, see
Figure 31 Editing the Date and the Time
3 Use the cursor key to move to the Date field. Press the [Edit]
softkey. The day of the month is highlighted.
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Additional Information Using the System Utilities
4 Use the left and right cursor keys to move to the day, month or year.
Edit the day, month or year using the cursor key. Press Enter.
5 Perform steps 3 to 4 again if the date is not fully correct.
6 Use the cursor key to move to the Time field. Press the [Edit]
softkey. The hour of the day is highlighted. The 24-hour clock is
used.
7 Use the left and right cursor keys to move to the hour, minute, or
second. Edit the hour, minute, or second using the cursor key. Press
[OK].
8 Perform steps 6 to 7 again if the date is not fully correct.
9 When the time and date are both correct, press [Close] to return to
the configuration menu.
How to Lock/Unlock the High-Power Laser Sources
To unlock high-power laser sources (including Tunable Laser
modules):
1 Press the Config hardkey.
2 Move to the <Unlock> menu option and press Enter. You see a box
requesting you to enter the password.
Figure 32 Unlocking the Instrument
66 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition
Using the System Utilities Additional Information
3 Enter the password, using the softkeys or the numerical keypad.
Press Enter and the instrument unlocks.
NOTE The default password is 1234.
To lock the instrument, perform the steps above, but in step 2 move to
the <Lock> menu option in place of the <Unlock> menu option.
How to Set the Trigger Configuration
The trigger level at the external trigger connectors is by default active
high, this means when a trigger rises above the high TTL level (rising
edge), a trigger is accepted.
You can select three mod es of triggering from the trigger configuration
menu:
•<None>, which you should choose if you do not want to use
triggering.
•<Default>, which you should choose if you want to enable the
trigger connectors.
•<Pass Through>, which you should choose if you want an input
trigger to automatically generate an output trigger. This allows you
to trigger another instrument almost simultaneously.
•<Feedback>, which you should choose if you want an output trigger
to automatically generate an input trigger. For example, using this
mode, you could trigger each step of a wavelength sweep with just
one externally generated input trigger.
To change the triggering mode:
1 Press the Config hardkey.
Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition 67
Additional Information Using the System Utilities
2 Move to the <Trigger> menu option and press Enter. You see a box
displaying the available triggering modes.
Figure 33 Changing the Triggering Mode
NOTE: Only valid for the 8163B
and 8164B
3 Move to your chosen triggering mode and press Enter.
How to Configure Startup Applications
Several Applications on the 8163B and 8164B can be configured to
start up when the system is switched on.
To configure startup applications:
1 Press the Config hardkey.
2 Move to the <Startup Applications> menu option and press Enter.
3 Select the application you want to start up when the system is
switched on.
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Using the System Utilities Additional Information
How to Configure your Foot Pedal
You can use a Agilent 81610FP Foot Pedal (Part Number 81610-68709)
to generate triggers. This accessory is similar to a mouse, you press the
Foot Pedal and a trigger is generated. You can attach the Foot Pedal to
the Input Trigger BNC Connector, see “Input and Output Connectors”
on page 277.
To configure your Foot Pedal:
1 Press the Config hardkey.
2 Move to the <Foot pedal support> menu option and press Enter.
You see a box displaying <On> and <Off>.
Figure 34 Enabling/Disabling the Foot Pedal
3 Move to <On> to enable the Agilent 81610FP Foot Pedal or move to
<Off> to disable the Agilent 81610FP Foot Pedal.
4 Press Enter.
NOTE: Valid for 8163A, 8164A,
and 8166A only.
NOTE The Trigger configuration must not be set to “disabled”.
Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition 69
This functionality requires FPGA version 1.5 or higher. The FPGA
version number and date is displayed after you boot up the
instrument.
Additional Information Using the System Utilities
How to Set the GPIB Address
NOTE The default GPIB address is 20.
To set the GPIB address:
1 Press the Config hardkey.
2 Move to the <GPIB Address> menu option and press Enter. You see
a box displaying the current GPIB address.
Figure 35 Entering a GPIB Address
3 Enter an integer value between 0 and 30 into this box and press
Enter. The address is set to this value.
NOTE Avoid using 21as the GPIB address because this number is often the
controller’s default GPIB address.
How to Set the Speed of the Serial Interface
NOTE The default Baudrate of the serial interface is 38400 bps.
To set the Baudrate of the instrument’s serial interface:
1 Press the Config hardkey.
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Using the System Utilities Additional Information
2 Move to the <Serial Interface> menu option and press Enter. You
see a box displaying all the available line speeds in bps.
Figure 36 Selecting a Baudrate for the Serial Interface
3 Move to the Baudrate required and press Enter.
NOTE The Baudrate set for the serial interface of the instrument should
match that set for the PC serial interface connected to it.
The PC serial interface should be configured to match the instrument’s
fixed parameters. Refer to “Serial Interface” on page 281
How to Update a Module
For information about instrument and module firmware upgrade
procedures refer to “Firmware Upgrades” on page 409
To set the mainframe in Module Update mode:
NOTE Module Update mode is necessary only when updating a module via
the serial interface.
1 Press the Config hardkey.
2 Move to the <Module Update> menu option and press Enter. You see
a box that displays Module Update mode as on.
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Additional Information Using the System Utilities
3 Press [OK] to start the Module Firmware Download process.
Figure 37 Module Update mode
NOTE Reboot the mainframe to restore normal operation.
How to Select the Printer Type
You can use a printer connected to the parallel port on the rear panel
of your mainframe, see “Input and Output Connectors” on page 277
for a diagram of your mainframe’s rear panel.
You can print out any of the following information:
• a help screen, see “How to Get Help” on page 52,
• data from an application, see “Printing Application Measurement
Results” on page 253.
To select a printer type:
1 Press the Config hardkey.
2 Move to the <Printer Type> menu option and press Enter. You see a
box, as shown in Figure 38, displaying the following printer types:
–<HP PCL>, you can use any printer that uses the Hewlett-Packard
Printer Control Language Level 3 or higher, and
72 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition
Using the System Utilities Additional Information
–<EPSON 8 pin>, you can use any printer that is compliant with
Epson 8 pin printers.
Figure 38 Selecting a Printer Type
3 Move to your printer type and press Enter. You return to the
configuration menu.
How to Change the Password
The password is used for unlocking the instrument. To change the
password:
1 Press the Config hardkey.
2 Move to the <Change Password> menu option and press Enter. You
see a box requesting you to enter the password.
3 Enter the current password, using the softkeys or the numerical
keypad and press Enter. You see a box requesting you to enter the
new password.
4 Enter your new password. It should be 4 digits long. Press Enter.
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Additional Information Using the System Utilities
If You Forget Your Password
If you forget your password, contact your nearest Agilent Technologies
Sales/Service Office. Find contact details by accessing
http://www.agilent.com/ on the internet.
How to Get Information About Modules
To get information about modules:
1 Press the Config hardkey.
2 Move to the <About Modules> menu option and press Enter. You see
a box displaying the slots which have installed modules, see Figure
39.
Figure 39 Slots with Installed Modules
3 Move to the module using the cursor key for which you require
information. Press Enter.
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Using the System Utilities Additional Information
4 The part number, serial number, and firmware revision of the
chosen module are displayed, as shown in Figure 40.
Figure 40 Viewing Information About a Module
5 Press [Close] to return to the menu in Figure 39.
6 Perform steps 3 to 5 to view information about other module slots
or press [Close] to return to the configuration menu.
NOTE • The Agilent 81640A/42A/80A/82A/89A Tunable Laser modules will
always return HEWLETT-PACKARD as the manufacturer.
• All other Agilent 8163A/B Series modules return Agilent
Technologies as the manufacturer.
• The HP 8153A Series modules will always return HEWLETT-
PACKARD as the manufacturer.
See “How to Get Information About the Mainframe” on page 75 for
information on mainframe identity strings.
How to Get Information About the Mainframe
To get information about the mainframe:
1 Press the Config hardkey.
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2 Move to the <About Mainframe> menu option and press Enter. You
see a box displaying information about your mainframe, see Figure
41. The manufacturer, part number, serial number, and firmware
revision of the mainframe are listed.
Figure 41 Viewing Information About the Mainframe
3 Press [Close] to return to the configuration menu.
The Agilent 8163A, Agilent 8164A, and Agilent 8166A will always
return HEWLETT-PACKARD as the manufacturer. This will not be
affected by the transition of these instruments to Agilent Technologies.
This will allow programs that use this string to continue functioning.
NOTE The Agilent 8163B, Agilent 8164B, and Agilent 8166B will always
return Agilent Technologies as the manufacturer.
See “How to Get Information About Modules” on page 74 for
information on module identity strings.
76 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition
How to Connect an External Monitor Additional Information
How to Connect an External Monitor
You can connect a standard VGA monitor to the Agilent 8164A/B
Lightwave Measurement System and the Agilent 8166B Lightwave
Multichannel System. This is a useful feature for making presentations
or for training courses.
NOTE You cannot connect a monitor to the Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave
Multimeter or Agilent .8166A Lightwave Multichannel system.
Figure 42 Rear Panel of the Agilent 8164B Lightwave Measurement System
• Place your monitor on a flat sturdy surface.
• Before you make any connections make sure the Lightwave
Measurement System and monitor are turned off.
• Connect the power cable to the video input on the back of your
monitor. Tighten the thumbscrews on the plug.
• Connect the video cable (it has a 15-pin plug) to the video outlet on
the back of the Lightwave Measurement System. Tighten the
thumbscrews on the plug.
• Connect the power cord to the display.
• Plug the power cord into the power outlet.
NOTE Refer to the user’s guide that came with your monitor, if necessary, to
locate your monitor’s output and input ports.
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Additional Information How to Connect a Printer
How to Connect a Printer
You can use a printer connected to the parallel port on the rear panel
of your mainframe, see “Input and Output Connectors” on page 277
for a diagram of your mainframe’s rear panel.
You can use either of the following printer types:
•<HP PCL>, a printer that uses the Hewlett-Packard Printer Control
Language, or
•<EPSON 8 pin>, a printer that is compliant with Epson 8 pin
printers.
To set up the printer, perform the following steps:
1 Set up your printer as described in your printer’s User’s Guide.
2 Connect a parallel cable between your printer’s parallel connector
to the parallel port on the rear panel of your mainframe, see “Input
and Output Connectors” on page 277 for a diagram of your
mainframe’s rear panel.
3 To select a printer type, see “How to Select the Printer Type” on
page 72.
You can then print out any of the following information:
• a help screen, see “How to Get Help” on page 52,
• data from an application, see “Printing Application Measurement
Results” on page 253.
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Power Measurement
Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B User’s Guide, Third Edition 79
Power Measurement
This chapter describes how to use the Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave
Multimeter, the Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System, and
the Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System to measure
optical power using a Power Meter, that is:
• a Power Sensor module or
• an Optical Head in conjunction with an Optical Head Interface module.
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How to Measure Power Power Measurement
How to Measure Power
The Power Value
The <P> parameter displays the power m easurement value. In MinMax
mode, this parameter changes to <
minimum and maximum power, see “How to Choose the MinMax
Mode” on page 97.
How to Set the Number of Digits
You can set the maximum number of digits that are used in power
measurement. This is the maximum number of digits after the decimal
point.
To change the number of digits to two:
∆P>, the difference between
1 Move to the Power Meter channel and press the [Menu] softkey.
2 Move to <Number of Digits> option and press Enter. You will see
the screen in Figure 43.
Figure 43 The Number of Digits Menu
3 Move to 2 and press Enter.
4 Press the [Close] softkey to exit the menu.
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Power Measurement How to Measure Power
How to Set the Power Unit
Pressing the Power Unit softkey allows you to select either W, dB, or
dBm as the units in which power is displayed. The Power Unit softkey
is visible when you move to the [P] or [Ref ] parameters. Alternatively
the Power Unit can be changed by using the Power Meter menu.
What are the Power Units ?
Watts (W) are the SI unit for power measurement.
You can also measure power in dB or dBm. Values displayed in these
units are derived from measurement in Watts.
By selecting dBm, the following calculation is made:
Where,
P
dBm
10
P
------------ ------------- -----log=
110
input
3–
W()
W()×
P
dBm
P
input
is the power value displayed in dBm, and
is the input signal level in Watts.
Power, in units of dBm, is measured relative to 1 mW, it is an absolute
power measurement.
By selecting dB, the following calculation is made:
P
W()
10
---------- ------------- --log=
input
P
ref
W()
P
dB
Where,
P
dB
P
input
P
ref
is the power value displayed in dB,
is the input signal level in Watts, and
is the chosen reference power value in Watts.
Power, in units of dB, is measured relative to a particular reference
power value. For information on selecting this reference value, see
“How to Input a Reference Level” on page 84.
To set the power unit to dBm:
1 Move to the [P] parameter and press the [Power Unit] softkey. You
will see the menu in Figure 44.
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How to Measure Power Power Measurement
Figure 44 Selecting the Power Unit
2 Move to <dBm>, by using the cursor key, and press Enter.
How to Set the Calibration Offset
This is a calibration offset that you can enter to compensate for
external optical circuitry, for example, the Agilent 81022FF
Integrating Sphere or a 3 dB coupler. The calibration offset, [Cal], is
automatically subtracted from the input signal.
P
measured
Where,
P
P
CAL is the calibration offset in decibels (dB).
To set the calibration offset to 40.000 dB:
1 Move to the Power Meter channel and press the [Details] softkey.
2 Move to the [Cal] parameter and press Enter.
3 Enter 40.000 and press Enter.
(dBm) = P
measured
input
input
is the adjusted value of the signal read in dBm,
is the input signal level in dBm, and
(dBm) − CAL(dB)
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Power Measurement How to Measure Power
How to Set the Reference Level
How to Input a Reference Level
dB results are shown relative to a reference level. The [Ref] parameter
sets the reference level. Setting, or changing, the reference only affects
results that are displayed in dB.
The reference level is displayed in units of dBm or Watts. Depending
on which is selected the following equations are used to calculate the
power level in dB:
P
or
Where,
You can choose the units for the reference using the Power Unit
softkey. If you choose dB, the power value changes to dB and the
displayed reference level changes to dBm.
To set the reference level to 10 mW:
1 Move to the Power Meter channel and press the [Details] softkey.
2 Move to the [Ref] parameter and press the [Power Unit] softkey.
3 Move to <W> and press Enter twice.
4 Change the units to mW using the [Unit+] and [Unit−] softkeys.
(dB) = P
display
P
display
P
measured
REF is the reference level.
measured
is the displayed relative power,
is the absolute power level (see “How to Set the
Calibration Offset” on page 83), and
(dBm) − REF(dBm)
P
display
dB() 10
P
measured
------------ ------------- ---------log=
REF W()
W()
5 Enter 10.000 and press Enter.
How to Set the Reference Value to the Current Power
Value
In addition to entering a new reference value, you can change the
reference value to the currently displayed power value by pressing the
[Dsp->Ref] softkey.
Pressing the [Dsp->Ref] softkey takes the input power level and stores
it as the reference. Setting the reference only affects results displayed
in dB.
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How to Measure Power Power Measurement
When you press the [Dsp->Ref] softkey, the absolute power level, the
power value in dBm or Watts, is stored as the reference, that is:
REF = P
measured
Where,
REF is the reference, and
P
measured
is the absolute power level (see “How to Set the
Calibration Offset” on page 83).
The [Dsp->Ref] softkey is displayed if you move to a power
measurement channel.
How to Reference Another Power Measurement Channel
You can use the reference mode, [Ref Mode], to reference another
Power Meter’s current power level. If you choose this mode, the
reference of the channel continuously updates to the current power
value measured by the other channel.
The following equations describe how the power in dB is calculated if
you reference another channel:
P
display
or
Where:
(dB) = P
measuredA
P
display
(dBm) − P
dB() 10
measuredB
P
measuredA
---------- ------------ ------------- --log REF dB()–=
P
measuredB
(dBm) − REF(dB)
W()
W()
P
P
is the displayed relative power,
display
measuredA
is the absolute power level (see “How to Set the
Calibration Offset” on page 83) measured by the current
Power Meter, and
P
measuredB
is the absolute power level (see “How to Set the
Calibration Offset” on page 83) measured by the Power
Meter you choose to reference, and
REF is the reference level in decibels (dB).
NOTE You can only set the reference level, REF, in decibels (dB) when you
reference Power Meter’s current power level. This reference level is
stored in separate memory than the absolute reference level.
To reference another channel:
1 Move to the Power Meter channel and press the [Details] softkey.
2 Move to the [Ref Mode] parameter and press Enter.
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Power Measurement How to Measure Power
3 Move to the channel number you want to reference, using the cursor
key, and press Enter. For example, in Figure 45, you could choose
3.1 (for channel 3.1). Refer to “Slot and Channel Numbers” on
page 42 for information on channel numbers.
Figure 45 Referencing Another Channel
To return to setting a constant reference level:
1 Move to the Power Meter channel and press the [Details] softkey.
2 Move to the [Ref Mode] parameter and press Enter.
3 Move to the <Value> menu option and press Enter.
How to Set the Wavelength
This is the wavelength value. The responsivity of the Power Meter
varies with wavelength. For accurate power measurement, you need to
input the wavelength of the optical input. To set the wavelength to
1545.000 nm:
1 Move to the Power Meter channel and press the [Details] softkey.
2 Move to the [λ] parameter and press Enter.
3 Enter 1545.000 and press Enter.
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How to Measure Power Power Measurement
How to Remove Electrical Offsets
Optical Power Meters measure optical power by converting optical
power to electrical power, and then measuring electrical power. An
electrical offset is electrical power that is always present, even if there
no optical power is input. If electrical offsets are not removed, they
affect the accuracy of power measurement.
Performing a zero sets the zero power level to the average electrical
offset level for the current environmental conditions.
NOTE The environmental conditions and the temperature of the instrument
affect electrical offset. For the best results you must:
• Allow the instrument time to acclimatize (around 24 hours).
• Allow the instrument time to warm up (around 20 minutes).
• Make sure that the optical input is not receiving any light. If you are
using multi-mode fiber-optic cable, you must disconnect the cable
and cover the input to the Power Meter to perform a zero.
It is good practice to perform a zero before making any important
measurements.
To remove electrical offsets:
1 Make sure the optical input is not receiving any light. If the
instrument has just been switched on, wait until SETTLING is not
displayed for the module channel.
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Power Measurement How to Measure Power
2 Move to the Power Meter channel and press the [Menu] softkey.
Figure 46 Module Channels that are Settling
3 Move to the <Zero> option to zero the current power measurement
channel or the <Zero All> option to zero all power measurement
channels. You will see the screen shown in Figure 47, this appears
for around 30 seconds while zeroing is performed.
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How to Measure Power Power Measurement
Figure 47 Zeroing Screen
NOTE If you see the screen shown in Figure 48, the zeroing operation has
failed because the Power Meter received light. The most common
reason for zeroing to fail is if:
• a source is connected to the Power Meter’s input connector,
• the fiber connected to the Power Meter’s input connector is
collecting light, or
• the Power Meter receives ambient light because the input connector
is uncovered.
Press Enter and start again at step 1.
4 When the zeroing operation finishes, press the [Close] softkey to
close the menu.
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Power Measurement How to Measure Power
Figure 48 Zeroing Fails, if the Power Meter Receives Input Light.
How to Choose the Range Mode
NOTE For a Dual Power Sensor, you cannot set the range mode of the slave
channel, channel 2, directly. By default, the range mode of the slave
channel, channel 2, is the same as that for the master channel,
channel 1. See Table 6 on page 103 for more details.
You can choose either of two ranging modes from the Range mode
menu:
•<Auto>, the auto-ranging mode, ensures that the result has a
displayed value between 9% and 100% of full scale. The default state
is for automatic ranging to be enabled.
•<Manual>, which allows you to set a user-defined range.
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How to Measure Power Power Measurement
How to Set the Range
If you choose <Auto> from the Range mode menu, this parameter can
not be set. The Range parameter, [Range], is displayed in light grey
text, see Figure 49, in automatic ranging mode and displays the
automatically-determined range.
Figure 49 Auto-Range Mode
If you choose <Manual> from the Range mode menu, you must choose
a range setting from the Range menu.
To choose a range setting, follow the following steps:
1 Setup the instrument.
2 Move to the Power Meter channel and press the [Details] softkey.
3 Move to the [P] parameter and press the [Power Unit] softkey. You
will see the menu in Figure 44.
4 Move to <dBm>, by using the cursor key, and press Enter.
5 Move to the [Range Mode] parameter and press Enter.
6 Move to <Auto>, by using the cursor key, and press Enter.
7 Perform a set of measurements.
8 Note the highest [Range] that the instrument automatically set
during this set of measurements.
9 Move to the Power Meter channel and press the [Details] softkey.
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Power Measurement How to Measure Power
10 Move to the [Range Mode] parameter and press Enter.
11 Move to <Manual>, by using the cursor key, and press Enter.
12 Move to the [Range] parameter and press Enter.
13 Enter the range value determined in Step 8, by using the cursor key,
and press Enter.
Figure 50 Manual Range Mode - Within Range
If the measured power is more than 3dBm greater than the range
setting, it is impossible for power to be displayed. The power value,
+1.--- dBm, as shown in Figure 51, is shown. This means that the
measured power is greater than the Upper Power Limit. You must
decrease the [Range] value.
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How to Measure Power Power Measurement
See Table 5 on page 95 for more details.
Figure 51 Out of Range - Power Greater Than Upper Power Limit
If the measured power is more than 40 dBm less than the range
setting, it is impossible for power to be displayed. The power value, -
1.--- dBm, as shown in Figure 52, is shown. This means that the
measured power is greater than the resolution at this [Range] value.
You must increase the [Range] value.
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Power Measurement How to Measure Power
See Table 5 on page 95 for more details.
Figure 52 Out of Range - Power Less Than Resolution
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How to Measure Power Power Measurement
Figure 53 shows the possible range values you can choose. These
values range from 10 dBm (upper power limit of 13 dBm) to −70 dBm
(upper power limit of
−67 dBm) in 10 dBm increments.
Figure 53 Range Value Menu
Upper Power Limit and Resolution
Table 5 shows the upper power limit and measurent resolution at
various power ranges. As can be seen the resolution decreases as the
chosen [Range] decreases. The resolution is always 40 dBm less than
the chosen [Range] value. The Upper Power Limit is always 3 dBm
greater than the chosen [Range] value.
Table 5 Upper Power Limits and Resolution for Various Power Ranges
[RANGE] Upper Power Limit Resolution
10 dBm 19.999 mW 13.000 dBm 0.001 mW −30.000 dBm
0 dBm 1.9999 mW 3.000 dBm 0.1 µW −40.000 dBm
−10 dBm 199.99 µW −7.000 dBm 0.01 µW −50.000 dBm
−20 dBm 19.999 µW −17.000 dBm 0.001 µW −60.000 dBm
−30 dBm 1.9999 µW −27.000 dBm 0.1 nw −70.000 dBm
−40 dBm 199.99 nW −37.000 dBm 0.01 nw −80.000 dBm
−50 dBm 19.999 nW −47.000 dBm 0.001 nw −90.000 dBm
−60 dBm 1.9999 nW −57.000 dBm 0.1 pW −100.000 dBm
−70 dBm 199.99 pW −67.000 dBm 0.01 pW −110.000 dBm
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Power Measurement How to Measure Power
How to Set the Averaging Time
NOTE For a Dual Power Sensor, you cannot set the averaging time of the
slave channel, channel 2, directly. By default, the averaging time of the
slave channel, channel 2, is the same value as that for the master
channel, channel 1. See Table 6 on page 103 for more details.
This is the length of time over which a signal is averaged. Longer
av era ging tim es in crease the accuracy and impr ove the n ois e rejection.
Longer averaging times also decrease sensitivity.
For averaging times of 1 second or less, a new measurement is shown
at the end of each averaging time. This is drawn in Figure 54. A new
measurement is shown on the display at each x.
T
avg
xxxxxxxx
Figure 54 Measurements with Tavg ≤ 1 second
With modules designed for the HP 8153A Lightwave Multimeter, for
averaging times of more than 1 second, the displayed power is given by
the formula:
T
P
newPold
æö
1
----------- -------–
èø
Where,
P
P
new
old
is the new displayed result,
is the previously displayed result,
Sample is the value read by the hardware,
T
avg
T
sample
is the averaging time, as set by the user, and
is the time the hardware takes to make a reading.
If the measurement condition change (for example, a range change in
automatic ranging), P
is reset and the averaging starts again. This is
old
why the display update seems faster in automatic ranging.
To set the averaging time to 1 second:
1 Move to the Power Meter channel and press the [Details] softkey.
2 Move to the [AvgTime] parameter and press Enter.
sample
T
avg
Sample
+=
T
sample
æö
----------- -------
èø
T
avg
3 Move to <1s>, by using the cursor key, and press Enter.
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How to Measure Power Power Measurement
How to Choose the MinMax Mode
NOTE For a Dual Power Sensor, you cannot set the MinMax Mode of the
slave channel, channel 2, directly. By default, the MinMax Mode of the
slave channel, channel 2, is the same as that for the master channel,
channel 1. See Table 6 on page 103 for more details.
MinMax mode measures the incoming power and displays the
minimum value measured, [Pmin], and the maximum value measured,
[Pmax]. The difference between these values,
of P, the power value. This mode is intended principally for
polar ization depende nt measureme nts, but can b e use d for othe r types
of measurement.
You can choose three modes of operation from the MinMax mode
menu:
•<Continuous> mode, which compares each new measured value
with the maximum and minimum values so far, and replaces them
as necessary.
This mode is useful for measuring the Polarization Dependent Loss
(PDL) of a component. Run the application while sweeping the
polarization of the source applied to the component.
∆P, is displayed in place
•<Window> mode, which compares each new measured value with
the maximum and minimum values of each of the previous N
samples. When a new measurement is taken it is added to a buffer
containing the previous N samples and the oldest measurement is
deleted.
•<Refresh> mode, which adds each new measurement to a buffer.
The minimum and maximum values, in this buffer, are displayed.
After N samples are added to the buffer, the buffer resets and a new
buffer is created.
You can use Window and Refresh modes, for example, when you are
searching for or setting the position of minimum PDL.
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Power Measurement How to Measure Power
Window
Mode
Refresh
Mode
Figure 55 The Window and Refresh Modes
N Samples
Time for display to update
N Samples
Time for display to update
To choose the <Refresh> MinMax mode:
1 Move to the Power Meter channel and press the [Details] softkey.
2 Move to the [MinMax Mode] parameter and press Enter.
The length of the lines
displayed represents the
size of the buffer at the
time of update
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How to Measure Power Power Measurement
3 Move to <Refresh>, by using the cursor key, and press Enter. The
screen in Figure 56 appears.
Figure 56 MinMax Mode Screen
4 Press Menu, move to <Data Points> and press Enter.
5 Enter 100 and press Enter.
How to Turn Off MinMax Mode
To turn off MinMax mode, and return to continuous power
measurement:
1 Move to the Power Meter channel and press the [Details] softkey.
2 Move to the [MinMax Mode] parameter and press Enter.
3 Move to <Off>, by using the cursor key, and press Enter.
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Power Measurement How to Measure Power
How to Hold the Screen
Pressing the [Hold/Cnt] softkey allows you to hold the screen so that
no new measurements are displayed. Hold is displayed as shown in
Figure 57.
Figure 57 Power Module Channel is Held - Overview Screen
By pressing the [Hold/Cnt] softkey a second time the screen will
display new measurements continuously.
How to Use Triggers
Agilent 8163A/B Series Power Meter modules allow you trigger the
instrument to perform tasks and to output trigger signals to external
measurement instruments.
NOTE For a Dual Power Sensor, you cannot set the any trigger parameters of
the slave channel, channel 2, directly. By default, all the trigger
parameters for the slave channel, channel 2, are the same as for the
master channel, channel 1. See Table 6 on page 103 for more details.
How to Trigger Power Measurements
You can configure Agilent 8163A/B Series Power Meter modules to
perform certain tasks when you apply a trigger to the Input Trigger
Connector.
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