Agilent 34410A User’s Guide

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Agilent 34410A/11A 6 ½ Digit Multimeter

(includes the L4411A 1U DMM)

User’s Guide

Agilent Technologies

Notices

No p art o f this manual may be rep roduc ed in any form or by any means (including electronic storage and retrieval or translation into a foreign language) without prior agreement and written consent from Agilent Technologies, Inc. as governed by United States and international copyright laws.

Manual Part Number

34410-90001

Edition

Fourth Edition. February 2007

Printed in Malaysia

Agilent Technologies, Inc. 3501 Stevens Creek Blvd. Santa Clara, CA 95052 USA

Microsoft® and Windows® are U.S. registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

Software Revision

This guide is valid for the firmware that was installed in the instrument at the time of manufacture. However, upgrading the firmware may add or change product features. For the latest firmware and documentation, go to the product page at:

www.agilent.com/find/34410A

www.agilent.com/find/34411A

www.agilent.com/find/L4411A

Warranty

The material contained in this document is provided “as is,” and is subject to being changed, without notice, in future editions. Further, to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, Agilent disclaims all warranties, either express or implied, with regard to this manual and any information contained herein, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Agilent shall not be liable for errors or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, use, or performance of this document or of any information contained herein. Should Agilent and the user have a separate written agreement with warranty terms covering the material in this document that conflict with these terms, the warranty terms in the separate agreement shall control.

Technology Licenses

The hardware and/or software described in this document are furnished under a license and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license.

Restricted Rights Legend

U.S. Government Restricted Rights. Software and technical data rights granted to the federal government include only those rights customarily provided to end user customers. Agilent provides this customary commercial license in Software and technical data pursuant to FAR 12.211 (Technical Data) and 12.212 (Computer Software) and, for the Department of Defense, DFARS

252.227-7015 (Technical Data - Commercial Items) and DFARS 227.7202-3 (Rights in Commercial Computer Software or Computer Software Documentation).

Safety Notices

CAUTION

A CAUTION notice denotes a haz- ard. It calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to the product or loss of important data. Do not proceed beyond a CAUTION notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

WARNING

A WARNING notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in personal injury or death. Do not proceed beyond a WARNING notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

2 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

Safety Information

Do not defeat power cord safety ground feature. Plug in to a grounded (earthed) outlet.

Do not use product in any manner not specified by the manufacturer.

Do not install substitute parts or perform any unauthorized modification to the product. Return the product to an Agilent Technologi es Sales and S ervice Office for service and repair to ensure that safety features are maintained.

Safety Symbols

Earth Ground

Chassis Ground

Risk of electric shock

Refer to manual for additional safety information

CAT II (300V) IEC Measurement Category II.

Inputs may be connected to mains (up to 300 VAC) under Category II overv oltage conditions.

WARNING

Main Power and Test Input Disconnect: Unplug instrument from wall outlet, remove power cord, and remove all probes from all terminals before servicing. Only qualified, service-trained personnel should remove the cover from the instrument.

WARNING

Line and Current Protection Fuses: For continued protection against fire, replace the line fuse and the current-protection fuse only with fuses of the specified type and rating.

WARNING

Front/Rear Switch: Do not change the position of the Front/Rear switch on the front panel while signals are present on either the front or rear set of terminals. The switch is not intended as an active multiplexer. Switching while high voltages or currents are present may cause instrument damage and lead to the risk of electric shock.

WARNING

IEC Measurement Category II. The HI and LO input terminals may be connected to mains in IEC Category II installations for line voltages up to 300 VAC. To avoid the danger of electric shock, do not connect the inputs to mains for line voltages above 300 VAC. See "IEC Measurement Category II Overvoltage Protection" on the following page for further information.

WARNING

Protection Limits: To avoid instrument damage and the risk of electric shock, do not exceed any of the Protection Limits defined in the following section.

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 3

Protection Limits

The A gilent 3441 0A/11A and L4411A D igital Multimeters provide protection circuitry to prevent damage to the instrument and to protect against the danger of electric shock, provided the Protection Limits are not exceeded. To ensure safe operation of the instrument, do not exceed the Protection Limits shown on the front and rear panel, and defined below:

Note: The front-panel terminals are shown above. The rear-panel terminals are identical. The Front/Rear switch selects the terminal set to be used. Do not operate this

switch while signals are present on the front or rear terminals. The current-protec-

tion fuse is on the rear panel.

Input Terminal Protection Limits

Protection Limits are defined for the input terminals:

Main Input (HI and LO) Terminals. The HI and LO input terminals are used for voltage, resistance, capacitance, and diode test measurements. Two Protection Limits are defined for these terminals:

HI to LO Protection Limit. The Protection Limit from HI to LO ("A" in the figure at left) is 1000 VDC or 750 VAC, which is also the maximum voltage measurement. This limit can also be expressed as 1000 Vpk maximum.

LO to Ground Protection Limit. The LO input terminal can safely "float" a maximum of 500 Vpk relative to ground. T his is Protection Limit "B" in the figure.

As is implied by the above limits, the Protection Limit for the HI input terminal is a maximum of 1500 Vpk relative to ground.

Current Input Terminal. The current input ("I") terminal has a Protection Limit of 3A (rms) maximum current flowing from the LO input terminal. This is Protection Limit "C" in the figure. Note that the current input terminal will be at approximately the same voltage as the LO terminal.

Note: The current-protection circuitry includes a fuse on the rear panel. To maintain protection, replace this fuse only with a fuse of the specified type and rating.

Sense Terminal Protection Limits

The HI and LO sense terminals are used only for four-wire resistance and temperature measurements (" tion Limit is 200 Vpk for all of the terminal pairings ("D" in the figure):

LO sense to LO input.

HI sense to LO input.

HI sense to LO sense.

Ω 4W"). The Protec-

Note: The 200 Vpk limit on the sense terminals is the Protection Limit. Operational voltages in resistance measurements are much lower — less than 10 V in normal operation.

IEC Measurement Category II Overvoltage Protection

To protect against the danger of electric shock, the A gi lent 34410A/11A and L4411A Digital Multimeters provide overvoltage protection for line-voltage mains connections meeting both of the following conditions:

The HI and LO input terminals are connected to the mains under Measurement Category II conditions, defined below,

and

The mains are limited to a maximum line voltage of 300 VAC.

IEC Measurement Category II includes electrical devices connected to mains at an outlet on a branch circuit. Such devices include most small appliances, test equipment, and other devices that plug into a branch outlet or socket. The 34410A/11A and L4411A may be used to make measurements with the HI and LO inputs connected to mains in such devices, or to the branch outlet itself (up to 300 VAC). However, the 34410A/11A and L4411A may not be used with its HI and LO inputs connected to mains in permanently installed electrical devices such as the main circuit-breaker panel, sub-panel disconnect boxes, or permanently wired motors. Such devices and circuits are subject to overvoltages that may exceed the protection limits of the 34410A/11A and L4411A.

Note: Voltages above 300 VAC may be measured only in circuits that are isolated from mains. However, transient overvoltages are also present on circuits that are isolated from mains. The Agilent 34410A /11A and L4411A are designed to safely withstand occasional transient overvoltages up to 2500 Vpk. Do not use this equipment to measure circuits wh ere transient overvoltages could exceed this level.

4 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

Additional Notices

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive 2002/96/EC

This product complies with the WEEE Directive (2002/96/EC) marking requirement. The affixed product label (see below) indicates that you must not discard this electrical/electronic product in domestic household waste.

Product Category: With reference to the equipment types in the WEEE directive Annex 1, this product is classified as a "Monitoring and Control instrumentation" product.

Do not dispose in domestic household waste.

To return unwanted products, contact your local Agilent office, or see www.agilent.com/environment/product for more information.

Agilent 34138A Test Lead Set

The Agilent 34410A/11A is provided with an Agilent 34138A Test Lead Set, described below.

Test L e a d Ra t i n g s

Test Leads - 1000V, 15A

Fine Tip Probe Attachments - 300V, 3A

Mini Grabber Attachment - 300V, 3A

SMT Grabber Attachments - 300V, 3A

Operation

The Fine Tip, Mini Grabber, and SMT Grabber attachments plug onto the probe end of the Test Leads.

Maintenance

If any portion of the Test Lead Set is worn or damaged, do not use. Replace with a new Agilent 34138A Test Lead Set.

WARNING

If the Test Lead Set is used in a manner not specified by Agilent Technologies, the protection provided by the Test Lead Set may be impaired. Also, do not use a damaged or worn Test Lead Set. Instrument damage or personal injury may result.

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 5

DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

According to EN ISO/IEC 17050-1:2004

Manufacturer’s Name: Manufacturer’s Address:

Agilent Technologies, Incorporated 900 South Taft Ave Loveland, CO 80537 USA

Declares under sole responsibility that the product as originally delivered

Product Name: Model Number: Product Options:

6 ½ Digit Multimeter 34410A, 34411A, L4411A This declaration covers all options of the above product(s)

complies with the essential requirements of the following applicable European Directives, and carries the CE marking accordingly:

Low Voltage Directive (73/23/EEC, amended by 93/68/EEC) EMC Directive (89/336/EEC, amended by 93/68/EEC)

and conforms with the following product standards:

EMC

IEC 61326:2002 / EN 61326:1997+A1:1998 +A2:2000+A3:2003

CISPR 11:1990 / EN 55011:1990 Class A Group 1 IEC 61000-4-2:1995 / EN 61000-4-2:1995 4 kV/4 kV contact/air IEC 61000-4-3:1995 / EN 61000-4-3/1995 3 V/m, 80-1000 MHz IEC 61000-4-4:1995 / EN 61000-4-4:1995 0.5 kV signal lines, 1 kV power lines IEC 61000-4-5:1995 / EN 61000-4-5:1995 0.5 kV line-line, 1 kV line-ground IEC 61000-4-6:1996 / EN 61000-4-6:1996 3 V, 0.15-80 MHz IEC 61000-4-11:1994 / EN 61000-4-11:1994 1 cycle, >95%

Canada: ICES-001:2004 Australia/New Zealand: AS/NZS CISPR 11:2002

Safety

Standard Limit

Reference Standards

The product was tested in a typical configuration with Agilent Technologies test systems.

IEC 61010-1:2001 / EN 61010-1:2001

168520

Canada: CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 61010-1-04, USA: ANSI/UL 61010-1:2005

Supplementary Information:

This DoC applies to above-listed products placed on the EU market after:

17 January 2007

Date

For further information, please contact your local Agilent Technologies sales office, agent or distributor, or Agilent Technologies Deutschland GmbH, Herrenberger Straße 130, D 71034 Böblingen, Germany.

David L. Kepler

Quality Manager

6 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A at a Glance

The Agilent 34410A, 34411A, and L4411A multimeters provide 6½-digit, high-performance dc and ac measurements.

• Voltage and Current Measurements. DC and AC

• Resistance Measurements. 2-wire and 4-wire.

•Continuity and Diode Testing.

• Frequency and Period Measurements.

• Capacitance Measurements.

• Temperature Measurements. Thermistor and RTD.

• Auto and Manual Ranging.

• Math Features. Null, dB, dBm, limits, and statistics.

• Data Logging. Into non-volatile instrument memory.

• Instrument State Storage. User-defined named states.

• GPIB (IEEE-488), USB, and LAN. Three standard remote interfaces. LXI Class C Compliant.

• Web I n t e r fa ce. Direct web browser access to instrument.

• SCPI Compatibility. For easy instrument programming.

• Voltmeter Complete and External Trigger Signals. Synchronize with other instruments in your test system.

(true-rms).

Note: This manual covers operation of the Agilent 34410A, 34411A, and L4411A 6½ Digit Multimeters. The features described in this manual, except where otherwise noted, apply to each of the multimeters.

Key Differences:

Model 34410A Model 34411A/L4411A

• Up to 10,000 readings per second. • Up to 50,000 readings per second.

• Reading memory (buffer) up

to 50,000 readings.

• Reading memory (buffer) up to 1 million readings.

• Pretriggering, internal level triggering,

and digitizer specifications.

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 7

The Front Panel at a Glance (34410A/11A)

1 On/Off Switch 8 Exit Key (Auto Range) 2 Measurement Function Keys 9 Shift Key (Local) 3 Configuration Key 10 Menu Navigation Keypad (Range) 4 Second Display Key (Reset) 11 Front/Rear Switch 5 Null Key (Math Functions) 12 HI and LO Sense Terminals (4-wire measurements) 6 Data Logger Key (Utility) 13 HI and LO Input Terminals (all functions except current) 7 Trigger Key (Auto Trig) 14 Current Input Terminal (ac and dc current)

WARNING

Front/Rear Switch: Do not change the position of the Front/Rear switch on the front panel while signals are present on either the front or rear set of terminals. This switch is not intended as an active multiplexer. Switching while high voltages or currents are present may cause instrument damage and lead to the risk of electric shock.

8 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

The Rear Panel at a Glance (34410A/11A)

1 Current Input Fuse (front and rear) 2 HI and LO Sense Terminals (4-wire resistance and temperature) 3 HI and LO Input Terminals (voltage, resistance, and other functions) 4 Current Input Terminal (ac current and dc current only) 5 External Trigger Input (BNC) 6 Voltmeter Complete Output (BNC) 7 LAN Interface Connector 8 USB Interface Connector 9 GPIB Interface Connector 10 Chassis Ground 11 Power-Line Voltage Setting 12 Power-Line Fuse-Holder Assembly

WARNING

For protection from electrical shock, the power cord ground must not be defeated. For continued protection from fire, replace fuses only with fuses of the specified type and rating.

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 9

The Display at a Glance (34410A/11A)

Alphanumeric Displays:

1 Primary display line 2 Secondary display line

Annunciators: Annunciators:

(measurement in progress) 12 Shift (shift key just pressed)

4 Hi-Z (high input impedance, Vdc only) 13 Math (dB or dBm function enabled) 5 OComp (offset compensation) 14 Stats (statistics functions enabled) 6 ManRng (manual ranging) 15 Limits (limit-test function enabled) 7 Trig (wait-for-trigger state) 16 Rear (rear-panel terminals active) 8 Hold (reading hold) 17 4W (four-wire ohms or temperature) 9 Remote (remote interface operation) 18 (continuity test function enabled) 10 Error (error in queue) 19 (diode-check function enabled) 11 Null (null function enabled)

The following key refers to the primary front-panel display.

For further information, see Chapter 2, “Features and Functions”.

10 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

In This Guide…

1Quick Start

In this chapter you prepare the multimeter for use and become familiar with the most common front-panel operations.

2 Features and Functions

In this chapter you will find a detailed description of the multimeter’s capabilities and operation. This chapter presents both front-panel and remote interface operation of the instrument.

Note. Refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference help system for a detailed description of the SCPI commands.

3Remote Interface

This chapter describes how to connect the multimeter using a remote interface.

4 Measurement Tutorial

This chapter discusses measurement techniques and considerations to help you reduce sources of error and obtain the best accuracy from your instrument.

5 Specifications

This chapter lists the 34410A/11A/L4411A multimeter specifications and describes how to interpret these specifications.

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 11

12 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A 6½ Digit Multimeter User’s Guide

1 Quick Start

This chapter gives you a quick overview of the 34410A/11A multimeter’s front panel and basic features. The examples will help you become familiar with your meter, its measuring functions, and basic operation.

Basic Multimeter Operations 20

Preparing the Multimeter for Use 20 Using the Front Panel (34410A/11A) 21

Front-Panel Keys 21 Front-Panel Display Shortcuts 22

Making Basic Measurements (34410A/11A) 23

To M ea s ur e D C Vo l ta ge 24 To Measure AC Voltage 24 To Measure DC Current 25 To Measure AC Current 25 To Make a 2-Wire Resistance Measurement 26 To Make a 4-wire Resistance Measurement 26 To Measure Frequency 27 To M ea s ur e P er i od 27 To Measure Capacitance 28 To Make a 2-Wire Temperature Measurement 29 To Make a 4-Wire Temperature Measurement 29 To Te st C on ti nu i ty 30 To Check Diodes 30

Other Basics of Operation 31

If the Multimeter Does Not Turn On 31 To Replace the Power-Line Fuse (34410A/11A) 32 To Ad j us t t h e Ca r r ying H andl e 33

To Rack Mount the Multimeter (34410A/11A) 34

Agilent Technologies

1Quick Start

Basic Multimeter Operations

This section introduces the basics of the 34410A/11A multimeter, and how to use it.

NOTE

For basic information unique to the L4411A, refer to the L4411A Getting Started Guide (p/n L4411-90001).

Preparing the Multimeter for Use

To verify that your 34410A or 34411A multimeter is ready for use:

1 Check the list of supplied items.

Verify that you have received the following items with your multimeter. If anything is missing, contact your nearest Agilent Sales Office.

• Test Lead Set.

• Power Cord.

• USB 2.0 Cable.

• Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Product Reference CD–ROM.

• Agilent Automation Ready (IO Libraries) CD–ROM.

• Certificate of Calibration.

The product documentation, including the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help and the product manuals, are included on

the Product Reference CD–ROM. Printed (hardcopy) manuals are optional, and included only if you ordered them.

2 Connect the power cord and turn on the multimeter.

The front–panel display will light up while the multimeter performs its power–on self–test. The multimeter powers up in the dc voltage function with autoranging enabled (unless a previous user has configured power–up using a non–default stored state (see “Multimeter State Storage” on page 48).

20 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

Using the Front Panel (34410A/11A)

This section introduces the 34410A/11A multimeter front panel.

Front-Panel Keys

The front panel provides keys to select various functions and operations. Pressing a measurement function key (e.g. ) selects that function. Press

to enter the configuration menu for the selected measurement function.

Most keys have a shifted function printed in blue above the key. To perform a shifted function, press , and then press the key that has the desired label above it.

To view and select menu items, use the menu navigation keypad (for example the or keys). The current (or default) selection is displayed in FULL BRIGHTNESS. All other choices are displayed in HALF BRIGHTNESS. The selections on each menu level scroll, but do not wrap. Arrow annunciators on the second display line indicate additional selections to the left or right. To accept a selection, press .

To set numeric parameters, use or to select a digit, and or to increase or decrease that digit.

Quick Start 1

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 21

1Quick Start

Front-Panel Display Shortcuts

Direct front panel shortcuts are provided for three commonly used display functions: ranging, digit masking, and integration time.

Ranging. The multimeter’s manual range can be set directly from the

navigation keypad.

To manually change the current multimeter range, press or . The

ManRng annunciator will light, and the selected range (e.g. 100mV RANGE) will

be briefly displayed on the second line.

Digit Masking. The navigation keypad provides a shortcut to mask (change

the number of digits displayed) the reading on the main display, easing readability.

To enable digit masking during any measurement function, press or

. DIGIT MASK will be displayed, along with a list of choices (3.5, 4.5, 5.5,

6.5 and AUTO) on the second display line. Press or to scroll through and select one of these settings, and then press

Integration Time (Bandwidth, Gate Time). Four measurement functions allow

you to select the multimeter’s integration time: dc voltage, dc current, resistance, and temperature. The ac voltage and current measurements allow you to select the ac signal filter (bandwidth). The frequency/period function allows you to select gate time. The navigation keypad provides a shortcut for quickly changing these settings.

• If the multimeter is configured to take the measurement using an integration time in NPLCs, pressing or during front panel measurement operations will increase or decrease the integration time setting.

• If either the ac voltage or ac current measurement function is selected, pressing or during front panel measurement operations will increase or decrease the bandwidth setting.

• If the frequency/period measurement function is selected, pressing or

during front panel measurement operations will increase or decrease

the gate time setting.

22 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

Making Basic Measurements (34410A/11A)

This section introduces the many types of measurements that you can make with your 34410A/11A multimeter, and how to make connections for each measurement. Most basic measurements can be taken using the factory default settings. A more complete description of all multimeter functions, measurement parameter configuration and remote interface operation is provided in Chapter 2.

For each measurement, connect the test leads as shown. The test lead connections are the same for the front or rear set of terminals.

Before making test lead connections, use the Front/Rear button on the front panel to select either the front or rear set of terminals. The Rear annunciator lights if the rear terminals are selected.

WARNING

Do not press the Front/Rear button while signals are present on either the front or rear set of terminals. Switching while high voltages or currents are present can cause instrument damage, and may increase the risk of electric shock.

Quick Start 1

NOTE

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 23

For basic measurement connection information unique to the L4411A, refer to the L4411A Getting Started Guide (p/n L4411-90001).

1Quick Start

To Measure DC Voltage

Press to select the dc voltage function.

• Ranges: 100 mV, 1 V, 10 V, 100 V, 1000 V

• Configurable parameters: INTEGRATION, RANGE, INPUT Z (input impedance),

AUTO ZERO, NULL, and NULL VALUE

Connect test leads as shown:

DC Voltage

To M ea su r e A C Vo lt ag e

Press to select the ac voltage function.

• Ranges: 100 mV, 1 V, 10 V, 100 V, 750 V

• AC Technique: true–RMS, ac–coupled

• Configurable parameters: AC FILTER, RANGE, NULL and NULL VALUE

Connect test leads as shown:

AC Voltage

24 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

Quick Start 1

To Measure DC Current

Press to select the dc current function.

• Ranges: 100 mA, 1 mA, 10 mA, 100 mA, 1 A, 3 A

• Configurable parameters: INTEGRATION, RANGE, AUTO ZERO, NULL, and NULL VALUE

Connect test leads as shown:

DC Current

To Measure AC Current

Press to select the ac current function.

• Ranges: 100 mA, 1 mA, 10 mA, 100 mA, 1 A, 3 A

• AC Technique: true–RMS, ac–coupled

• Configurable parameters: AC FILTER, RANGE, NULL and NULL VALUE

Connect test leads as shown:

AC Current

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 25

1Quick Start

To Make a 2-Wire Resistance Measurement

Press to select the 2-wire resistance function.

• Ranges: 100 W, 1 kW, 10 kW, 100 kW, 1 MW, 10 MW, 100 MW, 1 GW

• Configurable parameters: INTEGRATION, RANGE, OFFSET COMP, AUTO ZERO, NULL,

and NULL VALUE

Connect test leads as shown:

Resistance

To null–out the test lead resistance:

1 Connect one end of the test leads at the meter, and short the probe ends

together.

2 Press null.

3 Connect the probe ends to the test circuit, and measure the corrected

resistance value.

To Make a 4-wire Resistance Measurement

Press to select the 4-wire resistance function.

• Ranges: 100 W, 1 kW, 10 kW, 100 kW, 1 MW, 10 MW, 100 MW, 1 GW

• Configurable parameters: INTEGRATION, RANGE, OFFSET COMP, NULL, and NULL

VALUE

Connect test leads as shown:

Resistance

All 4-wire resistance measurements are made with auto-zero on.

26 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

Quick Start 1

To Measure Frequency

Press to select the frequency function.

• Measurement band: 3 Hz to 300 kHz

• Input signal range: 100 mVAC to 750 VAC

• Technique: reciprocal counting

• Configurable parameters: GATE TIME, RANGE, AC FILTER, NULL and NULL VALUE

Connect test leads as shown:

AC Signal

To M ea su r e P e ri o d

Press to select the frequency function. Then press and select PERIOD from the menu.

• Measurement band: 0.33 s to 3.3 ms

• Input signal range: 100 mVAC to 750 VAC

• Technique: reciprocal counting

• Configurable parameters: GATE TIME, RANGE, AC FILTER, NULL and NULL VALUE

Connect test leads as shown:

AC Signal

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 27

1Quick Start

To M ea su r e C ap a ci ta nc e

Press to select the capacitance function.

• Ranges: 1 nF, 10 nF, 100 nF, 1 mF, 1 0 mF

• Configurable parameters: RANGE, NULL, and NULL VALUE

Connect test leads as shown:

Capacitance

To null–out the test lead capacitance:

1 Disconnect the + lead’s probe end from the test circuit, and leave open.

2 Press null.

3 Reconnect the + lead’s probe end to the test circuit, and measure the

corrected capacitance value.

28 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

Quick Start 1

To Make a 2-Wire Temperature Measurement

Press to select the temperature function. Then press and select RTD-2W or THERMISTOR-2W from the menu.

• Probe types: 2.2 kW, 5 kW, 10 kW thermistors; 0.00385%/ºC RTD

• Configurable parameters: PROBE TYPE, THERMISTOR or RTD value, AUTO ZERO, OFFSET

COMP (RTD probes only), INTEGRATION, UNITS, NULL, and NULL VALUE

Connect test leads as shown:

Thermistor or RTD

To Make a 4-Wire Temperature Measurement

Press to select the temperature function. Then press and select RTD-4W or THERMISTOR-4W from the menu.

• Probe types: 2.2 kW, 5 kW, 10 kW thermistors; 0.00385%/ºC RTD

• Configurable parameters: PROBE TYPE, THERMISTOR or RTD value, OFFSET COMP

(RTD probes only), INTEGRATION, UNITS, NULL, and NULL VALUE

Connect test leads as shown:

Thermistor or RTD

All 4-wire temperature measurements are made with auto-zero on.

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 29

1Quick Start

To Te st C o nt i n u i t y

Press to select the continuity function.

• Test current source: 1 mA

• Beeper Threshold: beeps below 10W

Connect test leads as shown:

Open or Closed Circuit

To C h e ck D i o d e s

Press to select the diode test function.

• Test current source: 1 mA

• Beeper Threshold: 0.3V

Connect test leads as shown:

~ voltage

measured

The diode check function is used to indicate correct diode operation; closed–circuit on forward bias and open–circuit on reverse–bias.

~ 0.8V (not adjustable)

Forward Bias

30 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

Other Basics of Operation

This section covers basic troubleshooting and general use.

If the Multimeter Does Not Turn On

Use the following steps to help solve problems you might encounter when turning on the multimeter. If you need more help, see the Service Guide for instructions on returning the multimeter to Agilent for service.

1 Verify that there is ac power to the multimeter.

First, verify that the multimeter’s Power switch is in the “On” position. Also, make sure that the power cord is firmly plugged into the power module on the rear panel. You should also make sure that the power source you plugged the multimeter into is energized.

2 Verify the power–line voltage setting.

The line voltage is set to the proper value for your country when the multimeter is shipped from the factory. Change the voltage setting if it is not correct. The settings are: 100, 120, 220, or 240 Vac (for 230 Vac operation, use the 220 Vac setting).

See “To Replace the Power-Line Fuse (34410A/11A)” on page 32 if you need to change the line–voltage setting.

Quick Start 1

3 Verify that the power–line fuse is good.

The multimeter is shipped from the factory with a power–line fuse installed. The supplied fuse is a 250 mAT, 250V, slow–blow, 5x20mm fuse, Agilent part number 2110–0817. If you determine that the fuse is faulty, replace it with one of the same size and rating.

See “To Replace the Power-Line Fuse (34410A/11A)” on page 32 if you need to replace the power–line fuse.

The current input path is also fused. The supplied fuse is a 3 AT, 250V, slow–blow, 5x20mm fuse, Agilent part number 2110–0780, and is housed in

a standard screw–in fuse holder on the left side of the rear panel. If you determine that the fuse is faulty, replace it with one of the same size and rating.

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 31

1Quick Start

To Replace the Power-Line Fuse (34410A/11A)

Remove power cord first. Then follow these steps:

Depress tab (1) and pull fuse holder (2) from Remove line-voltage selector from fuse rear panel.

Rotate line-voltage selector and reinstall so correct voltage appears in fuse holder window.

holder assembly.

Agilent Part Number 2110-0817 (250 mAT, 250V, slow-blow, 5x20mm)

Replace fuse holder assembly in rear panel.

Verify that the correct line voltage is selected and the power-line fuse is good.

NOTE

For multimeter operations with a 230 VAC supply, set the line–voltage selector to 220V.

32 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

To Adjust the Carrying Handle

To adjust the position, grasp the handle by the sides and pull outward. Then, rotate the handle to the desired position.

Bench-Top Viewing Positions

Quick Start 1

Carrying Position

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 33

1Quick Start

To Rack Mount the Multimeter (34410A/11A)

You can mount the 34410A/11A in a standard 19–inch rack cabinet using the available rack–mount kits. Instructions and mounting hardware are included with each kit. Any Agilent either the 272.3 mm or the 348.3 mm depth can be rack mounted side–by–side with the 34410A/11A. For example, a 34410A/11A and a 34401A, or two 34410A/11As, can be mounted side–by–side, as shown below.

You must remove the carrying handle, and the front and rear rubber bumpers, before rack mounting an instrument.

To remove each bumper, stretch a corner and slide it off.

System II (half-width, 2U height) instrument of

To remove the handle, rotate it to the vertical position and pull the ends outward.

To rack mount a single instrument, order adaptor kit 5063-9240

To rack mount two instruments side-by-side, order lock-link kit

5061-8769 and flange kit 5063-9212

NOTE

34 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

Refer to the L4411A Getting Started Guide for procedures and part numbers for rack mounting the L4411A.

1Quick Start19

Basic Multimeter Operations 20

Preparing the Multimeter for Use 20 Using the Front Panel 21

Front-Panel Keys 21 Front-Panel Display Shortcuts 22

Making Basic Measurements 23

To Measure DC Voltage 24 To Measure AC Voltage 24 To Measure DC Current 25 To Measure AC Current 25 To Make a 2-Wire Resistance Measurement 26 To Make a 4-wire Resistance Measurement 26 To Measure Frequency 27 To Measure Period 27 To Measure Capacitance 28 To Make a 2-Wire Temperature Measurement 29 To Make a 4-Wire Temperature Measurement 29 To Test Continuity 30 To Check Diodes 30

Other Basics of Operation 31

If the Multimeter Does Not Turn On 31 To Replace the Power-Line Fuse 32 To Adjust the Carrying Handle 33 To Rack Mount the Multimeter 34

34410A/11A User’s Guide 35

Contents

2 Features and Functions 35

SCPI Commands 37

Front Panel Features (34410A/11A) 38

Front Panel Display 38

Displayed Messages 38 Self–Guiding Menus 38 Annunciators 40 Second Display Options 41 Turning the Display Off 41 Front–Panel Display Shortcuts 42 Front Panel Alphanumeric Character Entry 43

Front Panel Measurement Configuration Menus 44

Configuring DC Voltage and DC Current Measurements 44 Configuring AC Voltage and Current Measurements 45 Configuring Resistance Measurements 45 Configuring Frequency and Period Measurements 46 Configuring Temperature Measurements 46 Configuring Capacitance Measurements 47 Continuity and Diode Tests 47

Advanced Configuration Options 48

Multimeter State Storage 48 Accessing Reading Memory 49 Front/Rear Input Terminal Switching (34410A/11A) 49 Multimeter Reset 50 DC Measurements 51

Integration Time and Resolution 51 DC Input Impedance 53

AC Measurements 54

AC Filter 54

Gate Time 55 Auto Zero 56 Ranging 57 Null Measurements 59

36 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

Miscellaneous Configuration Settings 60

Radix Character (34410A/11A) 60

Thousands Separator (34410A/11A) 60

Beeper (34410A/11A) 61 Math Functions 62

dB Measurements 63

dBm Measurements 64

Using Statistics 65

Limit Testing 66

Triggering the Multimeter 67

Selecting a Trigger Source 67

Auto Triggering (34410A/11A) 68

Single Triggering (34410A/11A) 68

Reading Hold (34410A/11A) 69

Immediate Triggering 69

Software (Bus) Triggering 70

Internal (Level) Triggering (34411A/L4411A) 70

Number of Samples per Trigger 71

Number of Pre-Trigger Samples (34411A/L4411A) 71

Trigger Delay 72

Automatic Trigger Delay 73

External Triggering 75

Trigger Slope 77

Contents

Data Logging 78

System-Related Operations 82

Self–Test 82

Error Conditions 83

Reading the Error Queue 84

Calibration 84

Power-On and Reset State 85

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 37

Contents

3 Remote Interface Configuration 87

Configuring the GPIB Interface 89

Configuring the USB Interface 90

Configuring the LAN Interface 91

Configuring LAN Parameters 92

DHCP 92

Auto–IP 92

IP Address 93

Subnet Mask 93

Default Gateway 94

Host Name 94

DNS Server 95

Web Password 95

Instrument Unexpectedly Goes into Remote 95 Setting up a LAN connection from the Front Panel 96 Setting up a LAN connection from the Remote Interface 97 Agilent 34410A/11A Web Interface 98

4 Measurement Tutorial 99

DC Measurement Considerations 101

Thermal EMF Errors 101

Loading Errors (dc volts) 101 Noise Rejection 102

Rejecting Power–Line Noise Voltages 102

Common Mode Rejection (CMR) 102

Noise Caused by Magnetic Loops 103

Noise Caused by Ground Loops 103 Resistance Measurement Considerations 104

4–Wire Ohms Measurements 104

Removing Test Lead Resistance Errors 105

Minimizing Power Dissipation Effects 105

Errors in High Resistance Measurements 105

True RMS AC Measurements 106

38 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

True RMS Accuracy and High–Frequency Signal Content 107

Estimating High–Frequency (Out–of–Band) Error 110

Other Primary Measurement Functions 112

Frequency and Period Measurement Errors 112 DC Current Measurements 112 Capacitance Measurements 113 Temperature Measurements 115

Probe Type Choice 115

2–Wire vs. 4–Wire Measurements 115

Auto Zero On/Off 116

Integration 116

Offset Compensation 116

NULL Reading: 116

High-Speed Measurements 117

Making High–Speed AC Measurements 117

Making High–Speed dc and Resistance Measurements 118

Contents

Other Sources of Measurement Error 119

Settling Time Effects 119

Loading Errors (ac volts) 119

Measurements Below Full Scale 120

High–Voltage Self–Heating Errors 120

AC Current Measurement Errors (Burden Voltage) 120

Low–Level Measurement Errors 120

Common Mode Errors 122

Leakage Current Errors 122

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 39

Contents

5 Specifications 123

DC Characteristics 125 AC Characteristics 128 Frequency and Period Characteristics 130 Capacitance Characteristics 132 Temperature Characteristics 132 Additional 34411A Specifications 133 Measurement and System Speeds 134

System Speeds 135

Data From Memory 136 General Specifications 136

Dimensions 138 To C al c u l a t e To t a l Me a s ur em e nt E rr o r 139 Interpreting Accuracy Specifications 141

Transfer Accuracy 141

24–Hour Accuracy 141

90–Day and 1–Year Accuracy 141

Temperature Coefficients 141 Configuring for Highest Accuracy Measurements 142

DC Voltage, DC Current, and Resistance Measurements: 142

AC Voltage and AC Current Measurements: 142

Frequency and Period Measurements: 142

6 Appendix: Firmware and Driver Updates 143

Downloading the Update Utility and Firmware 144

Downloading and Installing the Firmware Update 144

Downloading IVI-COM Driver Updates 147

40 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A 6½ Digit Multimeter User’s Guide

2 Features and Functions

SCPI Commands 37

Front Panel Features (34410A/11A) 38

Front Panel Display 38

Displayed Messages 38 Self–Guiding Menus 38 Annunciators 40 Second Display Options 41 Turn i n g t h e D i s pl a y Off 41 Front–Panel Display Shortcuts 42 Front Panel Alphanumeric Character Entry 43

Front Panel Measurement Configuration Menus 44

Advanced Configuration Options 48

Multimeter State Storage 48 Accessing Reading Memory 49 Front/Rear Input Terminal Switching (34410A/11A) 49

Multimeter Reset 50 DC Measurements 51

Integration Time and Resolution 51 DC Input Impedance 53

AC Measurements 54

AC Filter 54

Agilent Technologies

2Features and Functions

Gate Time 55

Auto Zero 56 Ranging 57

Null Measurements 59 Miscellaneous Configuration Settings 60

Radix Character (34410A/11A) 60 Thousands Separator (34410A/11A) 60 Beeper (34410A/11A) 61

Math Functions 62

dB Measurements 63 dBm Measurements 64 Using Statistics 65 Limit Testing 66

Triggering the Multimeter 67

Selecting a Trigger Source 67 Auto Triggering (34410A/11A) 68 Single Triggering (34410A/11A) 68 Reading Hold (34410A/11A) 69 Immediate Triggering 69 Software (Bus) Triggering 70 Internal (Level) Triggering (34411A/L4411A) 70 Number of Samples per Trigger 71 Number of Pre-Trigger Samples (34411A/L4411A) 71 Trigger Delay 72 Automatic Trigger Delay 73 External Triggering 75 Trigger Slope 77

Data Logging 78 System-Related Operations 82

Self–Test 82 Error Conditions 83 Reading the Error Queue 84 Calibration 84

Power-On and Reset State 85

36 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

SCPI Commands

The Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A complies with the syntax rules and conventions of SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments).

Features and Functions 2

NOTE

For complete SCPI command syntax information, refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help. This is a standard Windows help system, provided on the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Product Reference CD-ROM that came with your instrument.

SCPI Language Conventions. Throughout this guide, the following

conventions are used for SCPI command syntax for remote interface programming:

• Braces ( { } ) enclose the parameter choices for a given command string. The braces are not sent with the command string.

• A vertical bar ( | ) separates multiple parameter choices for a given command string.

• Triangle brackets ( < > ) indicate that you must specify a value for the enclosed parameter. The brackets are not sent with the command string.

• Some parameters are enclosed in square brackets ( [ ] ). This indicates that the parameter is optional and can be omitted. The brackets are not sent with the command string. If you do not specify a value for an optional parameter, the instrument chooses a default value.

SCPI Language Version. You can determine the SCPI version to which your

instrument adheres by sending a command from the remote interface.

• You can query the SCPI version from the remote interface only.

•

Remote Interface Operation: The SYSTem:VERSion? query returns the

SCPI version in the form “YYYY.V”, where “YYYY” represents the year of the version, and “V” represents a version number for that year (for example,

1994.0).

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 37

2Features and Functions

Front Panel Features (34410A/11A)

Front Panel Display

The Agilent 34410A/11A provides a two–line, alphanumeric display, with annunciators to indicate certain non–default instrument states.

Displayed Messages

While taking measurements, the primary display line shows the current reading, with units (for example: “-0.001,02 VDC”). For some functions the second display line can be enabled to display a secondary measurement.

When a menu is open (for example, to configure a measurement), the primary display line indicates the menu, or the parameter to be set or selected, while the second line displays the selections, or a value to be set.

The second line also displays momentary messages to convey instrument state changes.

Self–Guiding Menus

The Agilent 34410A/11A provides context–sensitive menus to configure measurements and other functions. The following general guidelines apply to menu operations.

• In this guide, “navigation keypad” refers to the , , , and keys, and the key.

• Several keys (or shifted key sequences) open a menu. These include:

• to configure the currently selected measurement function.

• to select a secondary measurement for the second display line.

• to set up and use the data logger function.

• to turn on and select the math functions.

• to return the multimeter to auto trigger mode,

enable reading hold, or select various triggering options.

• to configure utility options or the remote interface.

• to reset the multimeter to its reset state (equivalent

to the *RST command in SCPI).

• When you press , the Shift annunciator is lit. It toggles on and off.

38 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

Features and Functions 2

• If the multimeter is in the remote interface mode (Remote annunciator is lit), pressing operation.

• Once you have entered a menu, use the or keys to view and select a menu item from those displayed on the second line.

The selected (or default) item is displayed in full brightness (for example, dBM in the menu above). All other choices are displayed in half brightness (OFF, dB, or STATS above).

The menu selections scroll, but do not wrap. Arrows indicate additional selections, if any, to the left or right. In the example above, the arrow indicates at least one more selection to the right of STATS.

• To confirm a selection, press the key, which also takes you to the next menu level. If you are already at the last level in the menu, pressing exits the menu.

(Local) once returns the multimeter to local (front panel)

• To review a menu configuration, press repeatedly to view, in order, the current selections, and then exit the menu.

• To step through the remaining menu choices after making the desired selections, hold down the key.

• The key that you used to enter the menu (for example, or ), serves to confirm selections and advance in the menu exactly like the key.

• To exit a menu before completing its sequence, press . If you have made changes, you are prompted whether to save or discard them.

NOTE

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 39

In some menus, the second display is used to enter a number or text. See“Front Panel

Alphanumeric Character Entry” on page 43 for further information.

In a few cases, long strings are displayed in a menu (for example the USB ID string) that require scrolling with the and keys in order to view the entire string.

2Features and Functions

Annunciators

There are several annunciators, mostly in a line at the top of the display. Each annunciator lights to indicate a particular non–default meter state:

•

* A measurement is in progress (the “sample annunciator”).

• Hi–Z For DC voltage measurements in the 100 mV, 1 V or 10 V ranges, an input impedance of >10 GΩ is configured.

• OComp For resistance measurements in the 100 Ω, 1 kΩ and 10 kΩ ranges, offset compensation is enabled.

• ManRng For the selected measurement function, a manual range is selected (autoranging is off).

• Tr i g Triggering is enabled. The meter is in the “wait–for–trigger” state.

• Hold The reading hold function is enabled.

• Remote The multimeter is operating in the remote interface mode.

• Error A hardware error or remote interface error has been detected, and a

message is in the error queue.

• Null The null feature is enabled for the present measurement function.

• Shift The key has been pressed (toggles on and off).

• Math Either the dB or dBm math function is enabled.

• Stats The statistics math function is enabled.

• Limits The limit test math function is enabled.

• Rear The Front/Rear switch is set to Rear and the rear set of input terminals

is connected internally to make measurements.

• 4W A four–wire resistance or temperature function is selected.

• The continuity function is selected.

• The diode test function is selected.

40 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

Features and Functions 2

Second Display Options

Many measurement functions allow a secondary measurement to be displayed simultaneously on the second display line:

Primary Function Second Display Function

DC V, DC I, AC V, AC I Peak–to–Peak value Freq AC Voltage Temp Raw Resistance**

*ac voltage of the input waveform **actual raw resistance measured across temperature probe and leads

• Front Panel Operation: Press

2ND DISPLAY > PK-TO-PK (Where primary function is voltage or current.)

Once the second display is enabled, you can scroll through all second display items, including STATS or LIMITS if these functions are enabled.

• Remote Interface Operation: The following command selects the measurement or math function to be displayed on the second display line. The <feed> parameter is a quoted ASCII string designating the function to be displayed, such as VOLTage:PTPeak.

DISPlay:WINDow2:TEXT:FEED <feed>

The following query returns the currently selected quoted ASCII string:

DISPlay:WINDow2:TEXT:FEED?

Refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for a complete description and syntax for these commands.

<feed>

parameter, as a

Turning the Display Off

This feature is available from the remote interface only.

For security reasons, you may want to disable the front panel display. When disabled, the entire front panel display (except for the Error and Remote annunciators) goes dark.

• Remote Interface Operation: The following command turns off the display:

DISPlay OFF

The following command queries the display setting:

DISPlay?

The query returns a “0” (OFF) or “1” (ON).

Refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for a complete description and syntax for these commands.

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 41

2Features and Functions

Front–Panel Display Shortcuts

Direct front–panel shortcuts are provided for three commonly used display functions: ranging, digit masking, and integration time. These shortcuts are

available only when you are not in a menu.

Ranging. The meter range can be set directly from the navigation keypad.

• To manually change the range, press or . The lights, and the selected range (for example, 100mV RANGE) is briefly displayed on the second line.

• To toggle between the selected manual range and autoranging, press

Note: This is a dual–function key, not a shifted key. Pressing when in a menu will exit the menu.

Digit Masking. The navigation keypad provides a shortcut to mask (change

the number of digits displayed) the reading on the main display.

• To enable digit masking for the selected measurement function, press

(3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 6.5 and AUTO). Select the desired setting (use the keys) and press .

• Masking digits only affects what is displayed. It does not affect measurement speed or accuracy.

ManRng annunciator

. The ManRng annunciator toggles on or off, as appropriate.

or . DIGIT MASK will be displayed, along with a list of choices

Integration Time (Bandwidth, Gate Time). Four measurement functions allow

you to select the integration time: dc voltage, dc current, resistance, and temperature. The ac voltage and ac current measurements allow you to select the ac signal filter (bandwidth). The frequency/period function allows you to select gate time. The navigation keypad provides a shortcut for quickly changing these settings.

• If the multimeter is configured to take the measurement using an integration time in NPLCs, press or to increase or decrease the integration time setting and display the new setting briefly. You can scroll through the entire range of integration time settings:

Agilent 34410A, PLCs: 0.006, 0.02, 0.06, 0.2, 1, 2, 10 and 100

Agilent 34411A/L4411A, PLCs: 0.001, 0.002, 0.006, 0.02, 0.06, 0.2, 1, 2, 10, 100

42 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

Features and Functions 2

• If the multimeter is configured to take the measurement using an aperture integration time, press or to display APERTURE, with the current setting on the second line (for example, 101.005mSEC). You can then use the navigation keypad to change the aperture setting. The and keys have their usual functions.

• If either the ac voltage or ac current function is selected, press or to increase or decrease the bandwidth setting, and briefly display the new setting on the second line. You can scroll through the three available bandwidth settings: 3 HZ : SLOW, 20 HZ : MEDIUM, or 200 HZ : FAST.

• If the frequency/period measurement function is selected, pressing or

during front panel measurement operations will increase or decrease the gate time setting, and briefly display the new setting on the second display line (for example, if the setting was 0.1 GATE TIME, the display will show 0.01 GATE TIME when you press ). Repeated use of or will scroll through the selection of gate time settings in seconds (0.001 GATE TIME,

0.01 GATE TIME, 0.1 GATE TIME, and 1 GATE TIME).

Front Panel Alphanumeric Character Entry

When you are in certain menus, particularly the utility menus, you may need to manually enter a number or alphanumeric string on the second display line.

• To enter a number or character, press or to select the displayed character (digit or letter) you wish to edit. The selected character will flash to indicate it can be edited. Use the and keys to modify a digit (from 0 to 9) or a letter (from A to Z).

• To quickly enter large numbers, you may press to scroll over to the most significant digit allowed and/or add leading zeros. For non–zero floating–point entries, you may also press to scroll to the magnitude prefix (for example, u, m, k, M), then use the and keys to change the numerical entry.

Arrow annunciators on the second display line will indicate if there are editable characters left or right of the one selected.

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 43

2Features and Functions

Front Panel Measurement Configuration Menus

Each measurement function is configured separately, except for Ω 2W and Ω 4W (which are partially inter–dependent), and frequency and period,

(which share a configuration menu). The configuration settings (for example, integration, and range) for each measurement function are retained when switching between functions.

• To enter the configuration menu for any selected measurement function, press

. The menus are context–sensitive; only the options applicable to the

selected function will appear.

• When digit masking is enabled (see “Digit Masking.” on page 42) the DIGIT MASK submenu will appear before other configuration choices.

• For further information, see “Advanced Configuration Options” on page 48.

Configuring DC Voltage and DC Current Measurements

For dc voltage and dc current measurements, the menu selections are: INTEGRATION, RANGE, AUTO ZERO, NULL and NULL VALUE. For dc voltage measurements only, you can also configure INPUT Z.

• INTEGRATION: Allows you to set the integration time for the measurement in two ways; in power–line cycles (select NPLC) or in seconds (select APERTURE).

• RANGE: Allows you to select a fixed range (select MANUAL), or let the multimeter automatically select the range using the autoranging feature (select AUTO).

• INPUT Z: Allows you to select an input impedance of 10 MΩ (select 10 M) or >10 GΩ (select HI–Z) for the 100 mVdc, 1 Vdc and 10 Vdc ranges only.

• AUTO ZERO: Allows you to enable for all readings (select ON), enable for one reading (select ONCE), or disable (select OFF) the auto zero feature, which subtracts a zero reading from each measurement.

• NULL: Allows you to enable (ON) or disable (OFF) the null measurement feature, which measures the difference between a stored null value and the input signal.

• NULL VALUE: Allows you to view and edit the null value (if enabled).

44 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

Features and Functions 2

Configuring AC Voltage and Current Measurements

For ac voltage and ac current measurements, your menu selections are: AC FILTER, RANGE, NULL and NULL VALUE.

• AC FILTER: Allows you to select one of three choices (3 HZ : SLOW, 20 HZ : MEDIUM, 200 HZ : FAST). The ac filter allows you to trade off low–frequency

bandwidth versus ac settling time.

• RANGE: Allows you to let the multimeter automatically select the range using the autoranging feature (select AUTO), or you may select a fixed range (select MANUAL).

• NULL: Allows you to enable (ON) or disable (OFF) the null measurement feature, which measures the difference between a stored null value and the input signal.

• NULL VALUE: Allows you to view and edit the null value (if enabled).

Configuring Resistance Measurements

For 2–wire and 4–wire resistance measurements, your menu selections are: INTEGRATION, RANGE, OFFSET COMP, AUTO ZERO, NULL and NULL VALUE.

• INTEGRATION: Allows you to set the integration time for the measurement in two ways; in power–line cycles (NPLC) or in seconds (APERTURE).

• RANGE: Allows you to let the multimeter automatically select the range using the autoranging feature (select AUTO), or you may select a fixed range (select MANUAL).

• OFFSET COMP: Allows you to enable (ON) or disable (OFF) the offset compensation feature. With offset compensation enabled, the multimeter makes a normal resistance measurement first, followed by a second measurement to determine any offset voltage in the input circuitry. The resultant displayed measurement corrects for this offset. Enabling offset compensation increases measurement time.

• AUTO ZERO: Allows you to enable for all readings (ON), enable for one reading (ONCE), or disable (OFF) the auto zero feature, which subtracts a subsequent zero reading from each measurement.

• NULL: Allows you to enable (ON) or disable (OFF) the null measurement feature, which measures the difference between a stored null value and the input signal.

• NULL VALUE: Allows you to view and edit the null value (if enabled).

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 45

2Features and Functions

Configuring Frequency and Period Measurements

For frequency and period measurements, your menu selections are: CONFIGURE, GATE TIME, RANGE, AC FILTER, NULL and NULL VALUE.

• CONFIGURE: Allows you to select either FREQUENCY or PERIOD as the primary measurement.

• GATE TIME: Allows you to select one of four choices (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, or 1) for gate time, in seconds.

• RANGE: Allows you to let the multimeter automatically select the range using the autoranging feature (select AUTO), or you may select a fixed range (select MANUAL).

• AC FILTER: Allows you to select from three choices (3 HZ : SLOW, 20 HZ : MEDIUM, or 200 HZ : FAST). The ac filter allows you to trade off

low–frequency bandwidth versus ac settling time.

• NULL: Allows you to enable (ON) or disable (OFF) the null measurement feature, which measures the difference between a stored null value and the input signal.

• NULL VALUE: Allows you to view and edit the null value (if enabled).

Configuring Temperature Measurements

For temperature measurements, your menu selections are: PROBE TYPE, OFFSET COMP, AUTO ZERO, INTEGRATION, NULL, NULL VALUE, and UNITS.

• PROBE TYPE: Allows you to select from four choices (RTD–4W, RTD–2W, THERMISTOR–2W, or THERMISTOR–4W) of temperature probe type.

• OFFSET COMP (for RTD probes only): Allows you to enable (ON) or disable (OFF) the offset compensation feature. With offset compensation enabled, the multimeter makes a normal temperature measurement first, followed by a second measurement to determine any offset voltage in the input circuitry. The resultant displayed measurement corrects for this offset. Enabling offset compensation increases measurement time.

• AUTO ZERO: Allows you to enable (ON) or disable (OFF) the auto zero feature for 2–wire temperature measurements. This feature subtracts a subsequent zero reading from each measurement.

Note that 4–wire temperature measurements are automatically made with auto zero always on.

• INTEGRATION: Allows you to set the integration time for the measurement in two ways; in power–line cycles (NPLC) or in seconds (APERTURE).

46 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

Features and Functions 2

• NULL: Allows you to enable (ON) or disable (OFF) the null measurement feature, which measures the difference between a stored null value and the input signal.

• NULL VALUE: Allows you to view and edit the null value (if enabled).

• UNITS: Allows you to select the temperature scale: Celsius (select C),

Fahrenheit (select F), or Kelvin (select K).

Configuring Capacitance Measurements

For capacitance measurements, your configuration menu choices are: RANGE, NULL and NULL VALUE.

• RANGE: Allows you to let the multimeter automatically select the range using the autoranging feature (select AUTO), or you may select a fixed range (select MANUAL).

• NULL: Allows you to enable (ON) or disable (OFF) the null measurement feature, which measures the difference between a stored null value and the input signal.

• NULL VALUE: Allows you to view and edit the null value (if enabled).

Continuity and Diode Tests

There are no parameters to configure, nor any menus for these functions.

• Continuity Test. The range and resolution are fixed for continuity tests.

• The range is 1 kΩ (a 2-wire resistance measurement).

• The meter beeps (even if beep is disabled) for each measurement that is

less than or equal to the continuity threshold (which is 10 Ω), and the actual resistance reading is displayed on the front panel.

• From 10 Ω to 1.2 kΩ the meter displays the actual resistance reading

with no beep. If the reading exceeds 1.2 kΩ, the meter displays "OPEN" on the front panel (no beep).

• Diode Test. The range and resolution are fixed for diode tests.

• The range is 1 Vdc (with a 1 mA current source output).

• The voltage is displayed on the front panel if it is in the 0 to 1.2 volt

range. The meter beeps when the signal transitions to the 0.3 to 0.8 volt threshold (unless beep is disabled). If the signal is greater than 1.2 volts, "OPEN" is displayed on the front panel.

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 47

2Features and Functions

Advanced Configuration Options

NOTE

The Remote Interface Operation segments within the following topics describes how the instrument feature is used/accessed from a (remote) programming environment. For the L4411A, this represents the only method of accessing the instrument. See the L4411A Getting Started Guide for details.

Multimeter State Storage

The present multimeter state, including all settings for measurement configuration, math operations, triggering operations, system operations and I/O configuration, can be saved in one of five non–volatile stored states and later recalled. State 0 (POWER_DOWN) retains the multimeter configuration at power down. States 1 – 4 (STATE_1, STATE_2, STATE_3, STATE_4) are available for storing other configurations.

• Front Panel Operation: Press to open the utility menu.

• To store the present multimeter state (for example, to STATE_1):

UTILITY MENU > STORE/RECALL > STORE > STORE STATE > 1: STATE_1 > CHANGE NAME

Use the navigation keypad to enter a new name (up to 12 characters), or just press to store with the default name.

• To recall any of five stored states (for example: STATE_1):

UTILITY MENU > STORE/RECALL > RECALL > RECALL STATE > 1: STATE_1

• To delete a state you have stored (for example: STATE_1):

UTILITY MENU > STORE/RECALL > DELETE > DELETE STATE > 1: STATE_1

• To rename a state you have stored (for example: STATE_1):

UTILITY MENU > STORE/RECALL > RENAME > RENAME STATE > 1: STATE_1 > CHANGE NAME

Use the navigation keypad to enter a new name (up to 12 characters), or just press to store with the current name.

• To select any previously stored state (0 – 4) as the power–on default

state (for example: STATE_1):

UTILITY MENU > STORE/RECALL > PWR-ON > PWR-ON AUTO > ON > PWR-ON STATE > 1: STATE_1

48 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

• Remote Interface Operation: Refer to the MEMory command subsystem in the

Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for a complete description and syntax of the commands that store, recall, and name multimeter states from the remote interface.

Accessing Reading Memory

Reading memory is accessed directly from the remote interface only.

The multimeter’s reading memory is a first–in–first–out (FIFO) buffer holding up to 50,000 readings (34410A) or 1 million readings (34411A/L4411A). The oldest readings are preserved.

• Remote Interface Operation: The following command transfers readings stored in non–volatile memory into the multimeter’s output buffer, from where you can read them into your compu ter:

FETCh?

The following command will obtain whatever readings are present in NVMEM, and erase them as they are read:

Features and Functions 2

Refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for a complete description and syntax for these commands.

Front/Rear Input Terminal Switching (34410A/11A)

• Front Panel Operation: The Front/Rear switch manually selects the set of input terminals (front or rear) that is connected internally for measurements. Both sets are equivalent and include Sense (LO and HI), Input (LO and HI), and Current (I) terminals. The Rear annunciator is lit when the rear inputs are selected. See “The Front Panel at a Glance (34410A/11A)” on page 8, for the location of the Front/Rear switch. The Front/Rear switch has no effect on the

Ext Trig or VM Comp connectors.

WARNING

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 49

Do not change the position of the Front/Rear switch while signals are present on either the front or rear set of terminals. Switching while high voltages or currents are present may cause instrument damage, and may increase the risk of electric shock.

2Features and Functions

• Remote Interface Operation: The Front/Rear switch is manually switchable only, and cannot be controlled from the remote interface. The following query returns the current switch setting:

ROUTe:TERMinals?

The query returns either “FRON” or “REAR”

Multimeter Reset

The reset function resets most multimeter settings to their factory settings, except if the power–on state has been manually set to a stored state (see

“Multimeter State Storage” on page 48). The reset function is faster than

cycling power because the power–on self tests are omitted.

• Certain settings such as I/O addresses are stored in non–volatile memory, and are not affected by a reset.

• Refer to “Power-On and Reset State” on page 85 for a complete listing of the settings affected by a (front panel or remote interface) reset command.

• Front Panel Operation: To reset the multimeter, press . RESET DMM is displayed, along with the options NO (default) and YES. Select YES to

reset the multimeter.

• Remote Interface Operation: The following commands reset the multimeter to the instrument reset state:

SYSTem:PRESet *RST

Refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for a complete description and syntax for these commands.

50 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

DC Measurements

Integration Time and Resolution

For dc voltage, dc current, resistance, and temperature measurements, the multimeter provides two ways to set integration time, both of which affect the measurement resolution. These are in the number of power–line cycles (NPLCs) and aperture (settable in seconds).

NPLC mode. Using NPLCs sets the number of power–line cycles during

which the multimeter’s analog–to–digital (A/D) converter samples the input signal for a measurement. The multimeter automatically detects the AC line frequency, using it and the NPLC selection to set integration time. Use a larger NPLC value for better resolution. Use a smaller value for faster measurements.

To obt a in normal mode (line–frequency noise) rejection, you must select NPLC mode, with an integral number of power–line cycles (for example, 1, 10, or 100 NPLC). The following table shows the resulting resolution for each integration time value (in power–line cycles) selected.

Integration Time Resolution

0.001 PLC* 30 ppm x Range

0.002 PLC

0.006 PLC 6.0 ppm x Range

0.02 PLC 3.0 ppm x Range

0.06 PLC 1.5 ppm x Range

0.2 PLC 0.7 ppm x Range 1 PLC (default) 0.3 ppm x Range 2 PLC 0.2 ppm x Range 10 PLC 0.1 ppm x Range 100 PLC 0.03 ppm x Range

* 15 ppm x Range

*Model 34411A/L4411A

Features and Functions 2

• Front Panel Operation: Select a dc measurement function (DC V, DC I, Ω 2W, Ω 4W or Te m p ). Press as required:

...

> INTEGRATION > NPLC

Select the desired NPLC value: 0.006, 0.02, 0.06, 0.2, 1, 2, 10 or 100. (The 34411A also allows you to select 0.001 or 0.002.) Then step through or exit the configuration menu.

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 51

2Features and Functions

• Remote Interface Operation: The following commands set the integration time in NPLC:

[SENSe:]VOLTage[:DC]:NPLC {< [SENSe:]CURRent[:DC]:NPLC {< [SENSe:]RESistance:NPLC {< [SENSe:]FRESistance:NPLC {< [SENSe:]TEMPerature:NPLC {<

Each of these commands also has a query form.

Refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for a complete description and syntax for these commands.

Aperture mode. Aperture is the period, measured in seconds, during which

the multimeter’s analog–to–digital (A/D) converter samples the input signal for a measurement. A longer aperture yields better resolution; a shorter aperture provides for faster measurements. This mode allows the user to set a specific integration time, not based on power–line frequency. Values range from 100 µs to 1 second for the 34410A, and from 20 µs to 1 second for the 34411A/L4411A.

• To allow for normal mode (line frequency noise) rejection, select the NPLC option for INTEGRATION, with an integral number of NPLCs. Use the APERTURE method only if you need precise control over the multimeter’s integration time, in seconds.

PLCs

>>MIN>MAX>DEF}

PLCs

>>MIN>MAX>DEF}

PLCs

>>MIN>MAX>DEF}

PLCs

>>MIN>MAX>DEF}

PLCs

>>MIN>MAX>DEF}

• Front Panel Operation: Select a dc measurement function (DC V, DC I, Ω 2W, Ω 4W or Te m p ). Press as required:

...

> INTEGRATION > APERTURE

Use the navigation keypad to set the desired aperture value, and press . Then step through or exit the configuration menu.

• Remote Interface Operation: The following commands set the aperture value, in seconds:

[SENSe:]VOLTage[:DC]:APERture {< [SENSe:]CURRent[:DC]:APERture {< [SENSe:]RESistance:APERture {< [SENSe:]FRESistance:APERture {< [SENSe:]TEMPerature:APERture {<

Each of these commands also has a query form.

52 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

seconds seconds

seconds

seconds seconds

>>MIN>MAX>DEF} >>MIN>MAX>DEF}

>>MIN>MAX>DEF}

>>MIN>MAX>DEF} >>MIN>MAX>DEF}

Features and Functions 2

The following command (similar queries for current, resistance and temperature) returns whether aperture mode is enabled:

[SENSe:]VOLTage[:DC]:APERture:ENABled?

This query returns a “0” (disabled) or “1” (enabled).

Refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for a complete description and syntax for these commands.

DC Input Impedance

Applies to dc voltage measurements only.

The default setting for the multimeter’s input impedance is fixed at 10 MΩ for all dc voltage ranges, to minimize noise pickup. To reduce the effects of measurement loading errors when making low–voltage measurements, this fixed resistance can be set to HI–Z (>10 GΩ) for the 100 mVdc, 1 Vdc, and 10 Vdc ranges.

• Front Panel Operation: After the function is selected, press .

INTEGRATION > RANGE > INPUT Z

Select 10 M or HI–Z, and then step through or exit the menu.

Note that when HI–Z is selected, the multimeter will set an input impedance of >10 GΩ for the three lowest dc voltage ranges. The input impedance remains 10 MΩ for all measurement ranges above 10 Vdc.

• Remote Interface Operation: The following command turns on the auto input impedance function for dc voltage measurements. The AUTO function (equivalent of setting HI–Z from the front panel) uses 10 MΩ for the 100V and 1000V ranges, and >10 GΩ for the 100 mVdc, 1 Vdc and 10 Vdc ranges.

[SENSe:]VOLTage:DC:IMPedance:AUTO {OFF>0>ON>1}

The following command queries the auto impedance function setting:

[SENSe:]VOLTage:DC:IMPedance:AUTO?

This query returns a “0” (OFF) or “1” (ON).

Refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for a complete description and syntax for these commands.

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 53

2Features and Functions

AC Measurements

AC Filter

Applies to ac voltage, ac current, frequency, and period measurements only.

The multimeter provides three bandwidth (ac signal filter) selections. Set the bandwidth for the lowest frequency you expect to encounter. Note that a lower bandwidth setting results in longer settling times, as shown in the table below.

AC Filter Input Frequency Settling Time ACV Settling Time ACI

Slow 3 Hz – 300 kHz 2.5 seconds/reading 1.66 seconds/reading

Medium (default) 20 Hz Fast 200 Hz

• Front Panel Operation: Select the ac voltage, ac current, frequency, or period function. Press as required.

...

> AC FILTER

Select 3 HZ: SLOW, 20 HZ: MEDIUM, or 200 HZ: FAST, and then step through or exit the menu.

– 300 kHz 0.625 seconds/reading 0.25 seconds/reading

– 300 kHz 0.025 seconds/reading 0.025 seconds/reading

• Remote Interface Operation: The following commands set the ac filter (3, 20 or 200 Hz) for ac measurements:

[SENSe:]VOLTage:AC:BANDwidth {< [SENSe:]CURRent:AC:BANDwidth {<

The following commands query the filter setting:

[SENSe:]VOLTage:AC:BANDwidth? [{MIN>MAX}] [SENSe:]CURRent:AC:BANDwidth? [{MIN>MAX}]

Refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for a complete description and syntax for these commands.

54 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

filter filter

>>MIN>MAX>DEF} >>MIN>MAX>DEF}

Features and Functions 2

Gate Time

Applies to frequency and period measurements only.

The multimeter provides four choices of gate time (also called aperture) for frequency or period measurements. The gate time selection affects resolution as shown below.

Gate Time Resolution

1 ms 100 ppm x Range 10 ms 10 ppm x Range

100 ms 1 ppm x Range 1 s 0.1 ppm x Range

• Front Panel Operation: Press and then press .

CONFIGURE > FREQENCY > GATE TIME or

CONFIGURE > PERIOD > GATE TIME

Select a gate time in seconds (.001, .01, .1, or 1), and then step through or exit the menu.

• Remote Interface Operation: The following commands set the gate time (aperture) for frequency or period measurements:

[SENSe:]FREQuency:APERture {< [SENSe:]PERiod:APERture {<

seconds

>>MIN>MAX>DEF}

The following commands query the gate time setting:

[SENSe:]FREQuency:APERture? [{MIN>MAX}] [SENSe:]PERiod:APERture? [{MIN>MAX}]

Refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for a complete description and syntax for these commands.

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 55

2Features and Functions

Auto Zero

Auto zero is selectable for dc voltage, dc current, 2–wire resistance, and 2-wire temperature measurements only. Auto zero is always enabled for 4–wire resistance or 4–wire temperature measurements.

When auto zero is ON (default) the multimeter internally disconnects the input signal immediately following each measurement, and takes a zero reading. It then subtracts the zero reading from the preceding measurement. This method prevents small offset voltages present on the multimeter’s input circuitry from affecting measurement accuracy.

When auto zero is OFF, the multimeter takes one zero reading and subtracts it from all subsequent measurements. A new zero reading is taken each time you change the function, range or resolution (integration time).

When auto zero is set to ONCE, the multimeter takes one zero reading, then sets auto zero to OFF. The zero reading taken is used for all subsequent measurements until the next change to the function, range or integration time. If the selected integration time is less than 1 PLC, the zero reading is taken at 1 PLC to ensure normal mode noise rejection in the zero reading; then subsequent readings are taken at the set integration time.

• Front Panel Operation: Select a supported function. Press as required.

...

> AUTO ZERO

Select OFF, ONCE, or ON, and then step through or exit the menu.

• Remote Interface Operation: The following command enables or disables auto zero:

SENSe:

Auto zero may be also set indirectly using the CONFigure or MEASure commands.

The following command queries the auto zero feature status:

SENSe:

This query command returns “0” (OFF) or “1” (ON).

Refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for a complete description and syntax for these commands.

56 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

where < TEMPerature.

function

:ZERO:AUTO {OFF>ONCE>0>ON>1}

> = VOLTage:DC, CURRent:DC, RESistance, or

:ZERO:AUTO?

Ranging

Features and Functions 2

Applies to all measurements except continuity and diode test, which use a fixed range. Temperature measurements always use autoranging.

You can let the multimeter automatically select the range using autoranging, or you can select a fixed range using manual ranging. Autoranging is convenient because the multimeter automatically selects the appropriate range for sensing and displaying each measurement. However, manual ranging results in better performance, since the multimeter does not have to determine which range to use for each measurement.

• Autorange thresholds – The multimeter will shift range as follows:

Down range at <10% of present range Up range at >120% of present range

• Ranging is local to the selected function; the multimeter remembers the selected ranging method (auto or manual) and selected manual range when you switch between measurement functions.

• For frequency and period measurements, the selected range is for the ac voltage level of the input signal.

• For temperature measurements, the multimeter uses autoranging, as appropriate for the probe type.

• For continuity tests, the multimeter range is fixed at 1 kΩ. For diode tests the range is fixed at 1 Vdc with a 1 mA current source output.

• Front Panel Operation: For applicable measurement functions, the ranging method and manual range may be selected by front panel shortcuts (see

“Ranging.” on page 42).

Or, use the configuration menu for the selected function. For the latter method. Press as required:

...

> RANGE > AUTO or

...

> RANGE > MANUAL (select the desired range.)

Then step through or exit the menu.

For manual ranging: If the input signal is greater than can be measured on the selected range, the multimeter provides these overload indications: ± OVLD from the front panel or “±9.9E+37” from the remote interface. (The sign is ±

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 57

or +, whichever is appropriate.)

2Features and Functions

• Remote Interface Operation: Autoranging may be enabled or disabled for the specified function using the following command:

SENSe:

where <

CURRent:AC, RESistance, FRESistance, or CAPacitance

For < affect the ac signal input voltage range.

The following command queries the autoranging feature status for the specified <

SENSe:

This query command returns “0” (OFF) or “1” (ON).

The following command manually sets the multimeter range for the specified <

SENSe:<

A manual range may also be set using the CONFigure or MEASure commands.

function

> = FREQuency or PERiod, the range commands

function

function

:RANGe:AUTO {OFF>ONCE>0>ON>1}

> = VOLTage:DC, VOLTage:AC, CURRent:DC,

:RANGe:AUTO?

>:RANGe[:UPPER] {<

range

>>MIN>MAX>DEF}

The following command queries the multimeter range setting for the specified <

SENSe:<

Refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for a complete description and syntax for all commands on this page.

function

>:RANGe[:UPPER]? [{MIN>MAX}]

A Word About Ranging and Digits. The 34410A/11A/L4411A is capable of

displaying “6½ digits” for most measurements. The crossover is at a 20 percent overload for the currently selected range. Let’s look at an example for dc voltage with autoranging enabled. As the input voltage increases from just below 1 volt to just above 1.2 volts, you might see the following progression of readings on the front-panel display:

0.997,385 VDC

1.000,544 VDC

1.099,004 VDC

1.190,188 VDC

0.120,013 VDC

58 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

The first four readings are taken on the 1 Vdc range, but the autoranging feature switches to the 10 Vdc range for the final reading, which is a 20 percent overload for the 1 Vdc range. This is a typical 6½ digit behavior.

For frequency measurements only, the 34410A/11A/L4411A is capable of displaying a full seven digits (for example, “999.980,3 HZ”).

Null Measurements

The 34410A/11A/L4411A allows separate null settings to be saved for each of the following measurement functions: dc voltage, ac voltage, dc current, ac current, resistance, frequency/period, capacitance, and temperature.

When making null (also called relative) measurements, each reading is the difference between a stored (selected or measured) null value and the input signal. One possible application is to increase accuracy of two–wire resistance measurements by nulling the test lead resistance. Nulling the leads is particularly important prior to making capacitance measurements. The formula used for calculating null measurements is:

Result = reading – null value

• The null value is adjustable, and you can set it to any value between

0 and ±120% of the highest range, for the present function. Note that the null value is entered in fundamental units (for example, Vdc).

• Front Panel Operation: For any measurement function, you can directly measure and store the null value by pressing with the test leads open (nulls the test lead capacitance), shorted (nulls the test lead resistance), or across a desired null value circuit.

Features and Functions 2

Alternately, you can enable null from the menu. Press as required:

...

> NULL > ON > NULL VALUE

Enter the desired null value with the navigation keypad, and then step through or exit the menu. The Null annunciator is lit and the null function is enabled.

To turn the null function off: Press again, or use the menu.

• Remote Interface Operation: The following command enables the null measurement feature for the specified function:

SENSe:<

where <

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 59

function

>:NULL[:STATe] {ON>OFF}

> is any function except CONTinuity or DIODe.

2Features and Functions

The following command queries the null measurement feature setting:

SENSe:<

This query returns a “0” (OFF) or “1” (ON).

The following command stores a null value for the specified function:

SENSe:<

The following command queries the null value:

SENSe:<

Refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for a complete description and syntax for these commands.

Miscellaneous Configuration Settings

Radix Character (34410A/11A)

Available from the front panel only. The multimeter can display the radix character (decimal point) as a period or a comma.

• The factory (default) setting is PERIOD.

function

>:NULL[:STATe]?

>:NULL[:VALue] {<

>:NULL[:VALue]?

value

>>MIN>MAX}

• The radix character setting is stored in non–volatile memory.

• Front Panel Operation: Press

UTILITY MENU > MISC SETTINGS > BEEPER > RADIX CHAR

Select PERIOD or COMMA, and then step through or exit the menu.

Thousands Separator (34410A/11A)

Available from the front panel only. The multimeter can display front panel readings with (ON) or without (OFF) a comma (thousands separator) delimiting the number into 3–digit sets.

• The factory (default) setting is ON.

• Front Panel Operation: Press

UTILITY MENU > MISC SETTINGS > BEEPER > RADIX CHAR > THOUSAND SEP

Select OFF or ON, and then step through or exit the menu.

60 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

Features and Functions 2

Beeper (34410A/11A)

Normally, the multimeter emits a tone from the front panel whenever certain conditions are met (for example, the multimeter beeps when a stable reading is captured in reading hold mode). The beeper is factory set to ON, but may be disabled or enabled manually.

• Turning off the beeper does not disable the key click generated when you press a front–panel key.

• A beep tone is always emitted (even with the beep state turned OFF) in the following cases.

• A continuity measurement is less than or equal to the continuity

threshold.

• A SYSTem:BEEPer command is sent.

• A beep tone is emitted only if the beep state is ON in the following cases.

• An error is generated.

• A set LO or HI limit is exceeded in a limit test.

• A stable reading is captured in the reading hold mode.

• A forward-biased diode is measured in the diode test function.

• Front Panel Operation: Press

UTILITY MENU > MISC SETTINGS > BEEPER

Select OFF or ON, and then step through or exit the menu.

• Remote Interface Operation: The following command disables or enables the front panel beeper:

SYSTem:BEEPer:STATe {OFF>0>ON>1}

The following command queries the state of the beeper:

SYSTem:BEEPer:STATe?

This query returns a “0” (OFF) or “1” (ON).

Refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for a complete description and syntax for these commands.

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 61

2Features and Functions

Math Functions

In addition to providing a separate null–per–function measurement capability, the multimeter provides four math functions: dB measurements (dB), dBm measurements (dBm), statistics for accumulated readings (STATS), and limit testing (LIMITS). Only one of these math functions can be enabled at a time (in addition to the null measurement), and remains in effect until you turn it off or change it.

• Front Panel Operation: Press

MATH Select: OFF, dB, dBm, STATS or LIMITS.

See the dB, dBm, statistics, and limit testing sections that follow.

To turn any math function off: Press

MATH > OFF

• Remote Interface Operation: The following command selects the math function to be used:

CALCulate:FUNCtion {NULL>DB>DBM>AVERage>LIMit}

The following command queries the currently selected math function:

CALCulate:FUNCtion?

This query returns the currently selected function

The following command turns the CALCulate subsystem, and thus all math functions, on or off:

CALCulate[:STATe] {OFF>ON}

The following command queries the current calculation state:

CALCulate:STATe?

This query returns a “0” (OFF) or a “1” (ON).

Refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for a complete description and syntax for these commands.

NOTE

62 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

The null function in the CALCulate:FUNCtion command is provided only for SCPI compatibility with the 34401A Multimeter. This null is not available from the front panel. The use of this null is deprecated for the 34410A/11A/L4411A. Use the null-per-function commands found in the [SENSe:] subsystem instead. See “Null Measurements” on page 59 and the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for details.

Features and Functions 2

dB Measurements

Applies to ac voltage and dc voltage measurements only.

Each dB measurement is the difference between the input signal and a stored relative value, with both values converted to dBm.

dB = reading in dBm – relative value in dBm

• The relative value can take any value between 0 dBm and ± 200.0 dBm. The default relative value is 0 dBm. You can either let the instrument automatically measure this value, or you can enter a specified value.

• Front Panel Operation: Press

MATH > dB > dB RELATIVE

Select MEASURE or VALUE.

• Select MEASURE if you want the instrument to set the relative value

automatically by measurement. The Math annunciator will light and the reading will be displayed in dB.

If the configured settings will result in a long measurement time or have the multimeter waiting for an external trigger, the Math annunciator will flash until the relative value measurement is taken.

• Select VALUE if you want to enter a specific relative value. Use the

navigation keypad to set the desired dB REL VALUE. The Math annunciator will light and the reading will be displayed in dB.

You can also select VALUE to view a previously set or measured value.

• Remote Interface Operation: The following command sequence selects the dB function, turns the function on, and sets a relative value.

CALCulate:FUNCtion DB CALCulate:STATe ON CALCulate:DB:REFerence <

Refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for a complete description and syntax for these commands.

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 63

value

2Features and Functions

dBm Measurements

Applies to ac voltage and dc voltage measurements only.

The dBm function is logarithmic, and is based on a calculation of power delivered to a reference resistance, relative to 1 milliwatt.

dBm = 10 x log

(reading2 / reference resistance / 1 m W )

• You can choose from several reference resistance values: 50, 75, 93, 110, 124, 125, 135, 150, 250, 300, 500, 600, 800, 900, 1000, 1200, or 8000 (ohms). The default

setting is 600 ohms.

• Front Panel Operation: Press

MATH > dBM > dBm REF R

Select the desired reference resistance. The Math annunciator turns on and the reading is now displayed in dBm.

• Remote Interface Operation: The following command sequence selects the dBm function, turns the function on, and sets the reference resistance.

CALCulate:FUNCtion DBM CALCulate:STATe ON CALCulate:DBM:REFerence <value>

Refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for a complete description and syntax for these commands.

64 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

Features and Functions 2

Using Statistics

Applies to all measurement functions except continuity and diode test.

From the front panel, you can view the following statistical data for any set of readings: average or mean (AVG), maximum (MAX), minimum (MIN), standard deviation (SDEV), and number of samples taken (COUNT). From the remote interface you can read all of these, plus the peak–to–peak (MAX – MIN) value.

NOTE

The stored statistical data are cleared when statistics are enabled, when the CALCulate:FUNCtion command is sent while CALCulate:STATe is ON, when the power has been off, when the CALCulate:AVERage:CLEar command is executed, after a Factory Reset (*RST command), after an Instrument Preset (SYSTem:PRESet command), or after a function change.

• Front Panel Operation: Press

MATH > STATS

Scroll the second display with the and keys to view the statistical data AVG, MAX, MIN, SDEV and COUNT.

• Remote Interface Operation: The following command enables the statistics function:

CALCulate:FUNCtion AVERage

The following queries return the mean, minimum value, maximum value, standard deviation, peak–to–peak value, and number of readings, respectively, since statistics were enabled or cleared.

CALCulate:AVERage:AVERage? CALCulate:AVERage:MINimum? CALCulate:AVERage:MAXimum? CALCulate:AVERage:SDEViation? CALCulate:AVERage:PTPeak? CALCulate:AVERage:COUNt?

Refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for a complete description and syntax for these commands.

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 65

2Features and Functions

Limit Testing

Applies to all measurement functions except continuity and diode test.

The limit test function (LIMITS) enables you to perform pass/fail testing to upper and lower limits that you specify. You can set the upper and lower limits to any value between 0 and ±120% of the highest range, for the present function. The upper limit you select must be a more positive number than the lower limit. The initial factory settings for both are “0”.

NOTE

The instrument clears all limits after a Factory Reset (*RST command) or an Instrument Preset (SYSTem:PRESet command), or when a function is changed.

• Front Panel Operation: Press

MATH > LIMITS > LOW LIMIT > HIGH LIMIT

Set the desired LOW LIMIT and HIGH LIMIT in turn using the navigation keypad, and press . The second display line shows a bar graph indicating the approximate reading on a scale from LO to HI:

The Limits annunciator indicates that the limits function is enabled. If the reading is lower than the low limit, LO will flash. If the reading exceeds the high limit, HI will f lash. In either case, when a limit is crossed, the multimeter will also beep, if the beeper is enabled.

• Remote Interface Operation: The following command sequence selects the limit test function, turns that function on, and sets the lower and upper limits. You can assign a lower limit, an upper limit, or both.

CALCulate:FUNCtion LIMit CALCulate:STATe ON CALCulate:LIMit:LOWer < CALCulate:LIMit:UPPer <

The following commands query the selected lower and upper limits.

CALCulate:LIMit:LOWer? CALCulate:LIMit:UPPer?

Refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for a complete description and syntax for these commands.

value value

> >

66 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

Triggering the Multimeter

The 34410A/11A/L4411A triggering system allows you to generate triggers either manually or automatically, take multiple readings per trigger, and insert a delay before each reading. The 34411A/L4411A also allows you to set a level for internal triggering, and to set up pre-triggering.

Selecting a Trigger Source

Specify the source from which the multimeter will accept a trigger. The power–on default is auto triggering from the front panel. Several types of triggering are described in the sections that follow.

• Front Panel Operation:

• Press once to go to the single trigger mode. A single reading is

taken, and another reading is taken each time you press , or when a hardware trigger is received on the Ext Trig connector.

• Press and select:

TRIGGER > AUTO To return to auto trigger mode.

TRIGGER > LEVEL To select internal (level) triggering (34411A only).

TRIGGER > HOLD To select reading hold mode.

TRIGGER > SETUP To enter the trigger setup menu.

Features and Functions 2

• Remote Interface Operation: The following command selects the trigger source from the remote interface:

TRIGger:SOURce {IMMediate>EXTernal|BUS>INTernal}

Where INTernal triggering applies only to the 34411A/L4411A.

Refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for a complete description and syntax for this command.

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 67

2Features and Functions

Auto Triggering (34410A/11A)

This mode is available from the front panel only.

The power–on trigger default mode for the multimeter is front panel operation, in auto trigger mode.

• Auto triggering takes continuous readings at the fastest rate possible for the specified measurement configuration (function, range, resolution, and so fort h).

• Auto triggering is a front panel mode similar to immediate triggering from the remote interface, but also sets the sample count to infinite and automatically initiates continuous measurements.

• To enable auto triggering, press

TRIGGER > AUTO

Single Triggering (34410A/11A)

This mode is available from the front panel only.

• The multimeter takes one reading, or a number of readings specified by a sample count you enter, each time you press , or upon receiving an external trigger signal on the rear-panel Ext Trig connector (see “External

Triggering” on page 75). See also “Number of Samples per Trigger” on

page 71.

• The Tr ig annunciator indicates that the multimeter is waiting for a trigger.

68 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

Features and Functions 2

Reading Hold (34410A/11A)

This mode is available from the front panel only.

The reading hold mode allows you to capture and hold a stable reading on the front panel display. This is useful in situations when you want to take a reading, remove the test probes, and have the reading remain on the display. When a stable reading is detected, the multimeter emits a beep (if the front–panel beeper is enabled) and holds the reading on the display.

• The sensitivity band for reading hold depends on the measurement function that is selected. The multimeter captures and displays a new value only when reading stability is detected.

• Reading hold is disabled if you change measurement functions, or if you change to remote mode.

• The currently configured range (auto or manual) is used for reading hold. If you manually select a new range, reading hold is disabled.

• To enable reading hold, press

TRIGGER > HOLD

• The Hold annunciator is lit.

• Each time a stable reading is detected, the reading is displayed and the

beeper sounds (if enabled).

Immediate Triggering

This mode is available from the remote interface only.

In the immediate trigger mode, the trigger signal is always present. When you place the multimeter in the wait–for–trigger state, the trigger is issued immediately. This is the default trigger source for remote interface operation.

• Remote Interface Operation: The following command selects the immediate trigger source:

TRIGger:SOURce IMMediate

The CONFigure and MEASure? commands automatically set the trigger source to IMMediate.

Refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for a complete description and syntax for these commands.

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 69

2Features and Functions

Software (Bus) Triggering

This mode is available from the remote interface only.

The bus trigger mode corresponds in function to pressing the key from the front panel, except that the trigger is initiated by sending a bus trigger command, after selecting BUS as the trigger source.

• The following command selects the bus trigger source:

TRIGger:SOURce BUS

Then, any of the following commands will initiate readings:

MEASure? READ? INITiate

Refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for a complete description and syntax for these commands.

Internal (Level) Triggering (34411A/L4411A)

Applies only to ac and dc voltage, ac and dc current, and 2-wire and 4-wire resistance measurements, and only for the 34411A/L4411A.

In the internal trigger mode, the 34411A/L4411A triggers on a positive or negative crossing (as selected) of a specified input level. You can specify both the trigger level, and the slope.

• Front Panel Operation: Press

TRIGGER > LEVEL > TRIG LEVEL > TRIG SLOPE

Set TRIG LEVEL with the navigation keys, and then select NEG or POS for TRIG SLOPE. The Tr i g annunciator indicates “waiting for trigger”.

• Remote Interface Operation: The following command selects the internal trigger source:

TRIGger:SOURce INTernal

The following command sets the trigger level on which to trigger:

TRIGger:LEVel

The following command sets the trigger slope (positive or negative):

TRIGger:SLOPe {POS|NEG}

Refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for a complete description and syntax for these commands.

70 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

<level>

Features and Functions 2

Number of Samples per Trigger

By default, when the multimeter is in the wait–for–trigger state, it takes one reading (or sample) each time you trigger the multimeter. You can, however, instruct the multimeter to take up to 50,000 readings (up to 1 million for the 34411A/L4411A) each time a trigger is initiated, whether from the front panel or remote interface.

• Front Panel Operation: Press

TRIGGER > SETUP > N SAMPLES

Enter the desired number of samples per trigger using the navigation keypad, and then step through or exit the menu.

• Remote Interface Operation: The following command selects the number of samples the multimeter will take per trigger:

SAMPle:COUNt {<

After setting the sample count, you must place the meter in the wait–for–trigger state before readings are triggered (see “Software (Bus) Triggering” on page 70).

Refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for a complete description and syntax for this command.

count

>>MIN>MAX}

Number of Pre-Trigger Samples (34411A/L4411A)

The 34411A and L4411A provide pre-triggering. This feature allows you to specify a pre-trigger sample count of readings to be retained before the trigger is received. The pre–trigger sample count must be less than the sample count.

Pre–triggering is primarily a remote interface function, and is described more completely in the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help. However, you can set the pre–trigger count from the front panel, and you

can use pre–triggering with the Data Logger feature (see “Data Logging” on page 78). Pre-triggering is not supported for continuity or diode test.

• Front Panel Operation: Press

TRIGGER > SETUP > N SAMPLES > PRE-TRIG CNT

Enter the desired number of pre–trigger samples per trigger using the navigation keypad, and then step through or exit the menu. (The PRE-TRIG CNT selection appears only if NSAMPLES is greater than one.)

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 71

2Features and Functions

• Remote Interface Operation: The following commands set the sample count (must be >1) and pre–trigger sample count:

SAMPle:COUNt {<count>|MIN|MAX|DEF}

SAMPle:COUNt:PRETrigger {<PT

Refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for a complete description and syntax for this command.

Trigger Delay

You can manually specify a delay between the trigger signal and the first sample that follows. This may be useful in applications where you want to allow the input signal to settle before taking a reading, or for pacing a burst of readings.

• The trigger delay may be set from 0 to 3600 seconds.

• The continuity and diode test functions ignore the trigger delay setting.

• If a trigger delay is not manually set, the default trigger delay is

automatically set, based on function, range, integration time and/or ac filter setting (see also “Automatic Trigger Delay” on page 73).

• If you manually specify a trigger delay, that delay is used for all measurement functions (except continuity and diode test).

count

>>MIN>MAX|DEF}

• Front Panel Operation: Press

TRIGGER > SETUP > N SAMPLES > PRE-TRIG CNT > TRIG DELAY

Select AUTO, ZERO, or MANUAL:

• Select AUTO to use the automatic trigger delay.

• Select ZERO for a zero delay.

• Select MANUAL to enter the desired delay using the navigation keypad.

Then step through or exit the menu.

• Remote Interface Operation: The following command specifies the trigger delay, in seconds:

TRIGger:DELay {<

The following command specifies the automatic trigger delay:

TRIGger:DELay:AUTO

72 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

seconds

>>MIN>MAX}

Features and Functions 2

If the multimeter is configured to take more than one sample per trigger, the effect of the trigger delay on subsequent samples depends on the sample source setting. Refer to the SAMPle:SOURce command description in the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for a detailed description.

After setting the trigger delay, you must use the INITiate or READ command to place the meter in the wait–for–trigger state before readings are triggered (see “Software (Bus) Triggering” on page 70). The MEASure? command sets the trigger delay to AUTO.

Refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for a complete description and syntax for these command.

Automatic Trigger Delay

If you do not specify a trigger delay, the multimeter selects the trigger delay time automatically. Automatic trigger delays are set to ensure that completely settled and accurate measurements are taken. The delay is determined by function, range, integration time, and ac filter setting.

NOTE

For measurements from the remote interface, the automatic trigger delay values are as shown in the tables that follow. These values are also used for single-trigger, reading-hold, and level-trigger measurements from the front panel. However, for auto-trigger

measurements from the front panel only, the automatic trigger delay is 50 ms for all measurement functions.

DC Voltage Measurements (all ranges):

Integration Time Trigger Delay

≥1 PLC 160 µs

0.06 PLC or 0.2 PLC 130 µs ≤0.02 PLC 100 µs

DC Current Measurements (all ranges):

Integration Time Trigger Delay

≥1 PLC 1.5 ms

0.06 PLC or 0.2 PLC 1.0 ms

≤0.2 PLC 1.0 ms

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 73

2Features and Functions

2–wire Resistance Measurements:

Range Trigger Delay

(for ≤0.02 PLC)

100 Ω 80 µs100 µs130 µs

1 kΩ 110 µs130 µs160 µs

10 kΩ 130 µs160 µs190 µs

100 kΩ 540 µs670 µs800 µs

1 MΩ 5.0 ms 6.0 ms 7.5 ms

– 1GΩ 60 ms 70 ms 84 ms

10 MΩ

Trigger Delay

(for 0.06 or 0.2 PLC)

Trigger Delay

(for ≥1 PLC)

4–wire Resistance Measurements

Range Trigger Delay

(for ≤0.02 PLC)

– 100 kΩ 1.0 ms 1.0 ms 1.5 ms

100Ω

1 MΩ 10 ms 10 ms 15 ms

– 1GΩ 100 ms 100 ms 100 ms

10 MΩ

Trigger Delay

(for 0.06 or 0.2 PLC)

Trigger Delay

(for ≥1 PLC)

Capacitance

Trigger Delay

0 s

AC Voltage Measurements (all ranges):

AC Filter Trigger Delay

Slow (3 Hz) 2.5 s

Medium (20 Hz) 625 ms

Fast (200 Hz) 25 ms

AC Current Measurements (all ranges):

AC Filter Trigger Delay

Slow (3 Hz) 1.66 s

Medium (20 Hz) 250 ms

Fast (200 Hz) 25 ms

Frequency and Period

Trigger Delay

1 s

74 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

Features and Functions 2

NOTE

Temperature is measured using the 2–wire or 4–wire resistance function. The above tables for resistance apply to temperature, but all temperature measurements use autoranging. The range in use cannot be predicted; thus, nor can the delay. Use the TRIGger:DELay? command to query the actual trigger delay for a temperature measurement.

For capacitance measurements the automatic trigger delay is zero (capacitor discharge is part of the measurement). The continuity and diode test functions ignore the trigger delay.

External Triggering

External triggering takes one reading (or the specified number of readings) each time the multimeter receives a pulse on the rear–panel Ext Trig connector. You may select whether the multimeter uses the rising edge (POS) or falling edge (NEG) of the external trigger signal to trigger a reading (see “Trigger

Slope” on page 77). The diagram below shows the Ext Trig connector timing (for

a negative pulse).

• The multimeter buffers one external trigger. If the multimeter is currently taking a reading while another trigger occurs, that second trigger is accepted. After the reading in progress is completed, the stored trigger is issued.

• The Tr ig annunciator turns on when the multimeter is waiting for an external trigger.

• The rear panel VM Comp (voltmeter complete) connector provides a pulse after completion of each measurement. Voltmeter complete and external trigger implement a standard hardware handshake sequence between measurement and switching devices. The diagram below shows the VM Comp connector timing (for a negative pulse).

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 75

2Features and Functions

• Front Panel Operation: The external trigger mode corresponds in function to pressing the key from the front panel, except that you apply the trigger signal to the Ext Trig connector.

• Remote Interface Operation: The following command selects the trigger source from the external connector:

TRIGger:SOURce EXTernal

Refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for a complete description and syntax for this command.

Trigger Input/Output Circuitry. The following diagram is representative of the

34410A/11A/L4411A trigger input and output circuitry. In each circuit, a Schmitt Trigger (74LVC14) is used to prevent multiple triggers.

76 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

Features and Functions 2

Trigger Slope

You may select whether the multimeter uses the rising edge (POS) or falling edge (NEG) of the external trigger signal to trigger a reading, or (independently) for the voltmeter complete output signal. The default for both is NEG.

• Front Panel Operation: Press

TRIGGER > SETUP > N SAMPLES > TRIG DELAY > TRIG SLOPE > VMC SLOPE

For each of TRIG SLOPE and VMC SLOPE, you can select either NEG or POS:

• TRIG SLOPE sets the slope of the Ext Trig input signal (NEG or POS).

• VMC SLOPE sets the slope of the VM Comp output signal (NEG or POS).

Then step through or exit the configuration menu.

• Remote Interface Operation: The following command selects the trigger slope for the external trigger (Ext Trig) connector:

TRIGger:SLOPe {POSitive>NEGative}

The following query returns the selected trigger slope for the Ext Trig connector:

TRIGger:SLOPe?

This query returns POS or NEG.

The following command selects the signal slope for the voltmeter complete (VM Comp) signal:

OUTPut:TRIGger:SLOPe {POSitive>NEGative}

The following query returns the selected trigger slope for the VM Comp connector:

OUTPut:TRIGger:SLOPe?

This query returns POS or NEG.

Refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for a complete description and syntax for this command.

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 77

2Features and Functions

Data Logging

The Data Logger feature provides a front–panel user interface that allows you to set up data logging into the instrument’s non–volatile memory without programming, and without a connection to a computer. Once you have finished collecting data, you can view it from the front panel, or you can then connect your computer and import the data. The 34410A/11A/L4411A Web Interface provides a very convenient way of importing the data into your spreadsheet or other application.

NOTE

The Data Logger logs data to non-volatile memory. Once the Data Logger has saved the data, you can turn off the power, move the multimeter, and then view or retrieve the logged data after turning the power back on. The 34410A, 34411A, and L4411A have non-volatile memory for up to 50,000 readings, which is the limit for the Data Logger feature.

The 34410A/11A/L4411A allows you to set the following data logging parameters: START DELAY, INTERVAL, EVENTS/TIME (COUNT or DURATION).

• START DELAY is the delay time (0 to 3600 seconds) after initiating a trigger, before the data logging function takes its first reading.

• INTERVAL is the time (20 µ

The minimum interval is configuration dependent and may be greater than 20 µ

• EVENTS/TIME is the total duration of the data logging session. You can set a COUNT of total readings, with N SAMPLES settable from 1 to 50,000 readings.

Or, you can set a DURATION in hours, minutes and seconds. The maximum duration that you can set is limited to that which results in 50,000 readings, but in no event more than HH:MM:SS = 99:59:59 (just under 100 hours).

s to 3599.99999 s) between subsequent readings.

• Front Panel Operation: To set up a data logging session, press

DATA LOGGER > SETUP > START DELAY > INTERVAL > EVENTS/TIME

• For START DELAY, enter the desired delay (use the navigation keypad).

• For INTERVAL, enter the desired interval.

• For EVENTS/TIME, select either COUNT or DURATION. Select COUNT if you want

to enter a total sample count. Select DURATION if you want to enter a time duration.

• Upon pressing , the message TO START - PRESS TRIGGER KEY appears. The

data logger is now ready to go. Just press to begin logging. (A trigger pulse on the Ext Trig connector will also initiate the session.)

78 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

Features and Functions 2

• After the specified delay, the main display will show the data as it is

collected, while the second display line shows a progress bar and the current count (down).

• The multimeter will continue taking readings until the specified count or

duration has been reached, unless the data logger is stopped manually. After the programmed count or duration has been reached, the display will show SAVING READINGS, then LOGGING COMPLETE. The readings are stored in non–volatile memory.

To stop a data logging session in progress, press any key. The display will show DATA LOGGER? and offer the selections CONTINUE or STOP. The data logger continues to take readings while this is displayed.

• If you select STOP and press , the display will read DATA TO NV?,

prompting you to SAVE or DISCARD the readings already logged. Select one of these options and press to terminate data logging.

• If you select CONTINUE and press , the data logging function will

continue as set up, until complete.

To read the data logged from the front panel, press

DATA LOGGER > VIEW–RDGS

Use and to scroll through the stored readings.

NOTE

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 79

The 34411A and L4411A provide pre-triggering. The data logger function can be used in conjunction with pre-triggering to collect data both before and after the triggering event. See “Number of Pre-Trigger Samples (34411A/L4411A)” on page 71 for information about setting a pre-trigger sample count.

• Remote Interface Operation: The following command returns all readings stored in non–volatile memory (NVMEM):

DATA:DATA? NVMEM

The following command deletes all readings stored in NVMEM.

DATA:DELete NVMEM

The following command returns the number of data points in NVMEM

DATA:POINts? NVMEM

Refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for a complete description and syntax for these commands.

2Features and Functions

• Web Interface Operation: To access the data in the multimeter’s non–volatile memory, launch the 34410A/11A or L4411A Web Interface (see “Agilent

34410A/11A Web Interface” on page 98):

Click on Browser Web Control to display the Control DMM dialog box:

80 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

Features and Functions 2

Now click on View Data. In the dialog, select Non–volatile Memory Readings and then click on Get Data to view the logged data:

From this window, you can select and copy (see Web Interface Help) the data into another application using the Microsoft® Windows® clipboard.

In the example below, the data has been pasted from the clipboard directly into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet.

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 81

2Features and Functions

System-Related Operations

The utility menu accesses the following system–related operations: self–test, display of error conditions, calibration, and instrument information. These features are described in the subsections that follow.

The utility menu is also used to access the following three menus:

• REMOTE I/O menu (see Chapter 3, “Remote Interface Configuration” for a

complete description of the remote interface features).

• STORE/RECALL menu (see “Multimeter State Storage” on page 48 for a

complete description of the state storage feature).

• MISC SETTINGS menu (see “Miscellaneous Configuration Settings” on

page 60 for a complete description of these features).

Self–Te s t

A power–on self–test occurs automatically when you turn on the instrument. This limited test assures you that the multimeter is operational. This self–test does not perform the extensive self test described below.

A complete self–test performs a series of internal tests, and takes about five seconds to execute.

If the power–on or complete self–test fails, an error is stored in the error queue. See the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Service Guide for more information on obtaining service.

• Following the complete self–test, the instrument issues a Factory Reset (*RST) command.

• Front Panel Operation: Press

UTILITY MENU > SELF-TEST

If the test fails, the Error annunciator will light.

• Remote Interface Operation: The following command returns “+0“ if the self–test is successful or “+1“ if it fails.

*TST?

Refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for a complete description and syntax for this command.

82 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

Features and Functions 2

Error Conditions

When the front panel ERROR annunciator turns on (34410A/11A), one or more command syntax or hardware errors have been detected. A record of up to 20 errors can be stored in the instrument’s error queue.

•

The instrument (34410A/11A) beeps once each time a command syntax or hardware

• Each remote interface I/O session (for example, GPIB, USB, LAN) has its own interface–specific error queue.

•

A special global error queue holds all power–on and hardware– related

•

Errors are retrieved in first–in–first–out (FIFO) order. The first error

returned is the first error that was stored. Errors are cleared as you read them. Once you have read all of the interface–specific errors, the errors in the global queue are retrieved.

•

Errors are cleared as you read them. When you have read all errors

from the interface–specific and global error queues, the ERROR annunciator turns off and the errors are cleared.

•

If more than 20 errors have occurred, the last error stored in the queue

–350,”Error queue overflow”. No additional errors are stored until you remove errors from the queue. If no errors have occurred when you read the error queue, the instrument responds with +0,“No error”.

•

The front panel reports errors from all I/O sessions as well as the

errors (for example, over–temperature).

(the most recent error) is replaced with

global error queue

• Both the interface–specific and global error queues are cleared by the *CLS (Clear Status) command and when power is cycled. The errors are also cleared when you read the error queue. The error queue is not cleared by a Factory Reset (*RST) comman d or an Instr u m ent Preset (SYSTem:PRESet) command.

error is generated.

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 83

2Features and Functions

Reading the Error Queue

You can read the error queue either from the front panel, or from the remote interface.

• Front Panel Operation: Press

UTILITY MENU > SCPI ERRORS

Scroll through the errors using the navigation keypad. Press to clear all errors from the queue.

• Remote Interface Operation: The following command reads and clears one error from the error queue in

SYSTem:ERRor[:NEXT]?

Refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for a complete description and syntax for this command.

Calibration

Only service–qualified personnel should calibrate the multimeter. Improper use of the front–panel CALIBRATION procedure in the UTILITY menu could result in damage to the multimeter. The multimeter is secured with a calibration security code at the factory.

first–in–first–out order.

Refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Service Guide for calibration procedures.

84 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

Power-On and Reset State

The tables that follow show the factory defaults for various instrument settings. The parameters marked with a bullet ( memory, and are not affected by power–on or a system reset. For those parameters, the initial factory settings are shown. All other parameters are stored in volatile memory, and are reset to the indicated values at power–on, after a front–panel Reset command, or after a *RST or SYSTem:PRESet remote interface command.

Measurement Configuration Factory Setting

Function DC Volts Range Autorange (for all functions) Resolution 6.5 digits (0.3 ppm x Range) Integration Time NPLC On, 1 PLC * Auto zero On * Aperture Off, 1 second *

● Input Impedance ● 10 MΩ (fixed for all dc V ranges)

AC Input Filter (bandwidth) 20 Hz (medium filter) Nulls (for individual measurement functions) Off, 0 (for all functions) Second Display Off

*for all dc measurements

Features and Functions 2

●) are stored in non–volatile

Math Operations Factory Setting

Math State Off Math Registers Cleared (all registers) dB Relative Value 0 dBm Reference Resistance 600 Ω

Triggering Operations Factory Setting

Trigger Count 1 Trigger Source Immediate Trigger Delay Auto Delay Sample Count 1 Sample Source Auto Sample Timer 1 second

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 85

2Features and Functions

● Beeper Mode (34410A/11A) ● On

● Radix Character (34410A/11A) ● Period

● Thousands Separator (34410A/11A) ● On

Display State (34410A/11A) On Reading Memory Cleared Error Queue Cleared at Power

● Stored States ● No change

● Calibration State ● Secured

Enable Interfaces:

● LAN ● Enabled

● GPIB ● Enabled

● USB ● Enabled

Lan Settings:

● DHCP ● On

● Auto IP ● On

● IP Address ● 169.254.4.10

● Subnet Mask ● 255.255.0.0

● Default Gateway ● 0.0.0.0

● DNS Server ● 0.0.0.0

● Host Name ● A-34410A-nnnnn (for 34410A)

● LAN Services

GPIB Settings:

● GPIB Address ● 22

1 Interface enable or LAN service changes take effect only after you cycle power. 2 LAN setting changes require a LAN restart. From SCPI you must cycle power. 3 Where nnnnn represents the last 5 digits of the instrument serial number.

System–Related Operations Factory Setting

–On.

Not cleared remote interface Reset command

by a front panel or

Input/Output Configuration Factory Setting

● A-34411A-nnnnn (for 34411A)

● A-L4411A-nnnnn (for L4411A)

● Enable All

NOTE

The power-on/reset state may be different than that in the above tables if you have enabled the power-on state recall mode (PWR-ON AUTO set to On from the Utility menu). Also, you can recall one of four stored instrument states other than the power-on state. See

“Multimeter State Storage” on page 48 for further information.

86 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A 6½ Digit Multimeter User’s Guide

3 Remote Interface Configuration

Configuring the GPIB Interface 89 Configuring the USB Interface 90 Configuring the LAN Interface 91

Configuring LAN Parameters 92

DHCP 92 Auto–IP 92 IP Address 93 Subnet Mask 93 Default Gateway 94 Host Name 94 DNS Server 95 Web Password 95 Instrument Unexpectedly Goes into Remote 95

Setting up a LAN connection from the Front Panel 96 Setting up a LAN connection from the Remote Interface 97

Agilent 34410A/11A Web Interface 98

NOTE

For remote interface configuration information specific to the L4411A, refer to the L4411A Getting Started Guide (p/n L4411-90001).

Agilent Technologies

3 Remote Interface Configuration

This chapter tells how to configure the Agilent 34410A/11A for remote interface communication. For additional information, refer to the:

• Agilent USB/LAN/GPIB Connectivity Guide for interface configuration and troubleshooting information. This manual is found on the Agilent Automation–Ready CD–ROM or at www.agilent.com/find/connectivity.

• Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for information on programming the instrument using SCPI commands. This help file is found on the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Product Reference CD–ROM.

The Agilent 34410A/11A supports GPIB, USB, and LAN interfaces. All three interfaces are enabled at power on. The front panel on whenever there is activity on the remote interface.

•GPIB Interface You need only set the GPIB address for the instrument (the factory default is 22) and connect it to your PC using a GPIB cable (sold separately).

•USB Interface There is nothing to configure on your instrument for a USB connection. Just connect the instrument to your PC using the USB 2.0 cable included with the instrument.

•LAN Interface By default, DHCP is enabled on the instrument, which may enable network communication over the LAN interface (10BaseT/100BaseTx). You may need to set several configuration parameters as described in the LAN configuration sections that follow.

Remote annunciator turns

NOTE

88 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

To configure and verify an interface connection between the 34410A/11A and your PC, use the Agilent IO Libraries Suite (E2094M Agilent IO Libraries for Windows) or an equivalent. For more information about Agilent's I/O connectivity software, go to

www.agilent.com/find/iolib.

• Agilent IO Libraries Suite for Windows® 98/2000/ME/XP. For more information and to install this software see the Agilent Automation–Ready CD-ROM provided with your 34410A/11A.

• To download the latest (or previous) version of this software for Windows® 98/NT/2000/ME/XP from the Web, go to www.agilent.com/find/iolib.

Configuring the GPIB Interface

Each device on the GPIB (IEEE–488) interface must have a unique address. You can set the multimeter’s address to any integral value between 0 and 30. The address is set to “22” when the instrument is shipped from the factor y.

• Your computer’s GPIB interface card has its own address. Be sure to avoid using that address for any instrument on the interface bus.

• The GPIB address is stored in non–volatile memory, and does not change when power has been off, after a Factory Reset (*RST) command, or after an Instrument Preset (SYSTem:PRESet) command.

• Front Panel Operation: Press

UTILITY MENU > REMOTE I/O > GPIB > ENABLE GPIB? > GPIB ADDRESS

After enabling or disabling GPIB, you must cycle the power for the change to take effect.

Remote Interface Configuration 3

•

Remote Interface Operation: The following command enables the GPIB

remote interface:

SYSTem:COMMunicate:ENABle ON,GPIB

The following command queries the state of the GPIB interface:

SYSTem:COMMunicate:ENABle? GPIB

This query returns a “0” (OFF) or a “1” (ON).

The following command sets the multimeter’s GPIB (IEEE–488) address:

SYSTem:COMMunicate:GPIB:ADDRess {<

The following query returns the IP address, (for example “+22”): SYSTem:COMMunicate:GPIB:ADDRess?

Refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for complete description and syntax for these commands.

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 89

address

3 Remote Interface Configuration

Configuring the USB Interface

For the USB interface, no configuration parameters are required to set up the multimeter. Connect your multimeter to a USB port on your computer. Note that it may take several seconds for the computer to recognize and establish a connection to the multimeter.

• Front Panel Operation: Press

UTILITY MENU > REMOTE I/O > USB > ENABLE USB? > USB ID

After enabling or disabling USB, you must cycle the power for the change to take effect.

Note that you generally do not need to know what the USB ID string is for your instrument, as connections are automatic for most software. However, the string is unique to your instrument and has the following format:

USB0::<mfgID>::<modID::<serial#>::INSTR

You will need to scroll the USB ID ( ) to view the entire string.

•

Remote Interface Operation: The following command enables the USB

remote interface:

SYSTem:COMMunicate:ENABle ON,USB

The following command queries the state of the USB interface:

SYSTem:COMMunicate:ENABle? USB

This query returns a “0” (OFF) or a “1” (ON).

Refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for complete description and syntax for these commands.

90 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

Configuring the LAN Interface

By default, LAN connectivity with DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is enabled on the 34410A/11A. In many cases you can simply let DHCP assign the necessary parameters for a LAN connection. However, you can also turn off DHCP and set parameters manually.

LAN Parameters You may choose to manually set the following parameters,

as described in the subsections that follow. Following these descriptions are procedures for setting up a LAN configuration from the front panel and the remote interface.

• IP Address

• Subnet Mask

• Default Gateway

• DNS Server

• Host Name

Remote Interface Configuration 3

• LAN Services (Visa LAN, Sockets, Telnet, Agilent Web Server)

• We b Passwor d

NOTE

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 91

The IP Address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway, and DNS Server parameters use “dot-notation” addresses. Dot–notation addresses (“nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn” where “nnn” is a byte value) must be expressed with care:

Most computers will interpret byte values with leading zeros as octal numbers. For example, “255.255.020.011” is actually equivalent to decimal “255.255.16.9” not “255.255.20.11” because the computer will interpret “.020” as “16” expressed in octal, and “.011” as “9”.

However, the multimeter assumes that all dot–notation addresses are expressed as decimal byte values and strips all leading zeros from these byte values. Thus, attempting to set an IP address expression). Be sure to enter the exact expression, “255.255.20.11”, in your computer web software to address the instrument. To avoid confusion, use only decimal expressions of byte values (0 to 255), with no leading zeros.

of “255.255.020.011” will become “255.255.20.11” (a purely decimal

3 Remote Interface Configuration

Configuring LAN Parameters

DHCP

DHCP is a protocol for automatically assigning a dynamic IP address, subnet mask and default gateway to a device on a network, and is typically the easiest way to configure your multimeter for remote communication using the LAN interface.

• Changing the DHCP setting will cause an automatic LAN restart.

• When DHCP is enabled (factory setting), the multmeter will try to obtain an

IP address from a DHCP server. If a DHCP server is found, it will assign a dynamic IP address, Subnet Mask, and Default Gateway to the instrument. The DHCP server may also assign the DNS address, and may change the specified Host Name if a manually specified Host Name is already in use.

• When DHCP is disabled or unavailable, the multimeter will use the static IP address, Subnet Mask, and Default Gateway during power–on.

• If a DHCP LAN address is not assigned by a DHCP server, then a static IP will be assumed after approximately 1 minute.

• If Auto–IP is enabled, a dynamic (rather than static) IP address will be assigned by the server at power–on.

Auto–IP

The Auto–IP standard automatically assigns an IP address to the multimeter when on a network that does not have DHCP servers.

• Changing the Auto–IP setting will cause an automatic LAN reset.

• Auto–IP allocates IP addresses from the link– local address range

(169.254.xxx.xxx).

• From the factory, the Auto–IP setting is enabled.

• The IP address is stored in non–volatile memory, and does not change when

power has been off, after a Factory Reset (*RST) command, or after an Instrument Preset (SYSTem:PRESet) command.

92 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

Remote Interface Configuration 3

IP Address

An Internet Protocol (IP) Address is required for all IP and TCP/IP communications with the instrument. If DHCP is enabled (factory setting), the specified static IP address is not used. However, if the DHCP server fails to assign a valid IP address, or if DHCP and Auto–IP are both off, the currently configured static IP address will be used.

• Changing the IP address will cause an automatic LAN reset.

• The factory–set default IP Address is “169.254.4.10”.

• If you are planning to use a static IP address on a corporate LAN, contact

your network administrator to obtain a fixed IP address to be used exclusively for your instrument.

• The IP address is stored in non–volatile memory, and does not change when power has been off, after a Factory Reset (*RST) command, or after an Instrument Preset (SYSTem:PRESet) command.

Subnet Mask

The multimeter uses the Subnet Mask to determine if a client IP address is on the same local subnet. When a client IP address is on a different subnet, all packets must be sent to the Default Gateway. Contact your network administrator to determine if subnetting is being used and for the correct Subnet Mask.

• Changing the Subnet Mask setting will cause an automatic LAN reset.

• The default Subnet Mask for the 34410A/11A multimeter is “255.255.0.0”.

• A value of “0.0.0.0” or “255.255.255.255” indicates that subnetting is not

being used.

• The Subnet Mask is stored in non–volatile memory, and does not change when power has been off, after a Factory Reset (*RST) command, or after an Instrument Preset (SYSTem:PRESet) command.

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 93

3 Remote Interface Configuration

Default Gateway

A Default Gateway address allows the multimeter to communicate with systems that are not on the local subnet. Thus, this is the Default Gateway where packets are sent which are destined for a device not on the local subnet, as determined by the Subnet Mask setting. Contact your network administrator to determine if a gateway is being used and for the correct address.

• Changing the Default Gateway setting will cause an automatic LAN reset.

• The default for the multimeter is “0.0.0.0” (no gateway, and subnetting is

not being used).

• The Default Gateway is stored in non–volatile memory, and does not change when power has been off, after a Factory Reset (*RST) command, or after an Instrument Preset (SYSTem:PRESet) command.

Host Name

The Host Name is the host portion of the domain name, which is translated into an IP address.

• Changing the Host Name will cause an automatic LAN reset.

• The default Host Name for the multimeter is “A–34410A–nnnnn” for the

34410A, and “A–34411A–nnnnn” for the 34411A, where nnnnn is the last five digits of the instrument’s serial number representation.

• If Dynamic Domain Name System (DNS) is available on your network and your multimeter uses DHCP, the Host Name is registered with the Dynamic DNS service at power–on.

• The Host Name is stored in non–volatile memory, and does not change when power has been off, after a Factory Reset (*RST) command, or after an Instrument Preset (SYSTem:PRESet) command.

94 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

Remote Interface Configuration 3

DNS Server

The Domain Name Service (DNS) is an Internet service that translates Domain names into IP addresses. Contact your network administrator to determine if DNS is being used and for the correct address.

• If you change the DNS address, you must cycle power on the multimeter to activate the new setting.

• The default DNS Address for the multimeter is “0.0.0.0”.

• The DNS Server address is stored in non–volatile memory, and does not

change when power has been off, after a Factory Reset (*RST) command, or after an Instrument Preset (SYSTem:PRESet) command.

Web Password

You can control access to certain features of the 34410A/11A Web Interface

(see “Agilent 34410A/11A Web Interface” on page 98) using password

protection. The password is disabled by default. You can enable and set a web password from the front panel. A web password consists of up to 12 alphanumeric characters.

Instrument Unexpectedly Goes into Remote

If your 34410A/11A unexpectedly goes into remote mode, it is likely because you have the instrument configured to the LAN on someone else’s host controller. Operations on that host controller can query your instrument causing it to go into remote mode. To prevent this, do any of the following:

• Disconnect the instrument from the LAN.

• Disable the LAN interface from the front panel (Utility menu).

• Use SYST:COMM:LAN:HISTory? to determine the IP address that is

causing the problem. Then delete your instrument’s LAN address from that host controller.

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 95

3 Remote Interface Configuration

Setting up a LAN connection from the Front Panel

Press

UTILITY MENU > REMOTE I/O > LAN > ENABLE LAN? > LAN SETTINGS > VIEW | MODIFY

NOTE

If you disable or re–enable the LAN interface, or any of the LAN services, you must cycle the power on the instrument to activate the new configuration. Other settings are activated by a LAN restart when you exit the LAN menu.

• Select VIEW to view the current LAN settings.

• Select MODIFY to change the LAN settings. The following submenus are

displayed:

1 RESET LAN? – NO or YES

2 DHCP – OFF or ON

3 AUTO IP – OFF or ON

4 IP ADDRESS. – Set IP address in dot notation using navigation keypad. This

parameter appears only if both DHCP and AUTO IP are OFF.

5 SUBNET MASK – Set subnet mask in dot notation using navigation keypad.

This parameter appears only if both DHCP and AUTO IP are OFF.

6 DEF GATEWAY – Set default gateway in dot notation using navigation

keypad. This parameter appears only if both DHCP and AUTO IP are OFF.

7 DNS SERVER – Set DNS address in dot notation using navigation keypad.

This parameter appears only if both DHCP and AUTO IP are OFF.

8 HOST NAME – Enter desired host name using navigation keypad. The Host

Name must be an string of alphanum eric characters plus dashes (“–”), up to 15 characters, with the first character a letter.

9 LAN SERVICES – ENABLE ALL or SELECT. SELECT

the individual services (VISA LAN, SOCKETS, TELNET or WEB SERVER).

If you disable or re–enable any of the L AN services, you must cycle the power on the instrument for the change to take effect.

10 WEB PASSWORD – DISABLE or ENABLE. Select ENABLE and use the navigation

keypad to enter the desired password, up to 12 alphanumeric characters in length.

allows you to enable or disable

96 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

Remote Interface Configuration 3

Setting up a LAN connection from the Remote Interface

Use the following SCPI commands to configure the LAN interface.

NOTE

If you disable or re–enable the LAN interface, you must cycle the power for the change to take effect. You must also cylcle power when you disable or re–enable any of the LAN services, or change any LAN settings from the remote interface using SCPI commands.

• To enable or disable the LAN remote interface:

SYSTem:COMMunicate:ENABle {OFF>0>ON>1},LAN

• To enable or disable the use of DHCP for the LAN interface:

SYSTem:COMMunicate:LAN:DHCP {OFF>0>ON>1}

• To enable or disable the use of Auto–IP for the LAN interface:

SYSTem:COMMunicate:LAN:AUTOip[STATe] {OFF>0>ON>1}

• To assign the LAN a static IP address:

SYSTem:COMMunicate:LAN:IPADdress “<

• To assign a LAN Subnet Mask:

SYSTem:COMMunicate:LAN:SMASk “<

• To assign a LAN Default Gateway:

SYSTem:COMMunicate:LAN:GATEway “<

• To assign a LAN Host Name:

SYSTem:COMMunicate:LAN:HOSTname “<

• To assign the LAN a static DNS address:

SYSTem:COMMunicate:LAN:DNS “<

address

mask

address

name

address

>”

• To assign a LAN Domain Name:

name

SYSTem:COMMunicate:LAN:DOMain “<

Query forms of these commands are also available. Refer to the Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A Programmer’s Reference Help for complete command

description and syntax.

34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide 97

>”

3 Remote Interface Configuration

Agilent 34410A/11A Web Interface

The 34410A/11A provides a built–in Web Interface. You can use this interface over LAN for remote access and control of the multimeter using a Java–enabled Web browser, such as Microsoft® Internet Explorer.

To access and use the 34410A/11A Web Interface:

1 Establish a LAN interface connection from your computer to the

multimeter.

2 Open your computer’s Web browser.

3 Launch the 34410A/11A Web Interface by entering t he IP address of your

multimeter, or its fully–qualified host name, in the browser address field. The following welcome screen appears.

4 For further information, click Help with this Page and follow the instructions

in the Web Interface Help.

98 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

Agilent 34401A/11A/L4411A 6½ Digit Multimeter User’s Guide

4 Measurement Tutorial

The Agilent 34410A/11A/L4411A multimeter is capable of making highly accurate measurements. In order to achieve the greatest accuracy, you must take the necessary steps to eliminate potential measurement errors. This chapter describes common errors found in measurements and gives suggestions to help you avoid these errors.

DC Measurement Considerations 101

Thermal EMF Errors 101 Loading Errors (dc volts) 101

Noise Rejection 102

Rejecting Power–Line Noise Voltages 102 Common Mode Rejection (CMR) 102 Noise Caused by Magnetic Loops 103 Noise Caused by Ground Loops 103

Resistance Measurement Considerations 104

4–Wire Ohms Measurements 104 Removing Test Lead Resistance Errors 105 Minimizing Power Dissipation Effects 105 Errors in High Resistance Measurements 105

True RMS AC Measurements 106

True RMS Accuracy and High–Frequency Signal Content 107 Estimating High–Frequency (Out–of–Band) Error 110

Agilent Technologies

4 Measurement Tutorial

Other Primary Measurement Functions 112

Frequency and Period Measurement Errors 112

DC Current Measurements 112 Capacitance Measurements 113 Temperature Measurements 115

Probe Type Choice 115 2–Wire vs. 4–Wire Measurements 115 Auto Zero On/Off 116 Integration 116 Offset Compensation 116 NULL Reading: 116

High-Speed Measurements 117

Making High–Speed AC Measurements 117 Making High–Speed dc and Resistance Measurements 118

Other Sources of Measurement Error 119

Settling Time Effects 119 Loading Errors (ac volts) 119 Measurements Below Full Scale 120 High–Voltage Self–Heating Errors 120 AC Current Measurement Errors (Burden Voltage) 120 Low–Level Measurement Errors 120 Common Mode Errors 122 Leakage Current Errors 122

100 34410A/11A/L4411A User’s Guide

Agilent 34410A User’s Guide

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

User’s Guide

Basic Multimeter Operations

Preparing the Multimeter for Use

Using the Front Panel (34410A/11A)

Making Basic Measurements (34410A/11A)

Other Basics of Operation

If the Multimeter Does Not Turn On

To Replace the Power-Line Fuse (34410A/11A)

To Adjust the Carrying Handle

To Rack Mount the Multimeter (34410A/11A)

Contents

SCPI Commands

Front Panel Features (34410A/11A)

Front Panel Display

Front Panel Measurement Configuration Menus

Advanced Configuration Options

Multimeter State Storage

Accessing Reading Memory

Front/Rear Input Terminal Switching (34410A/11A)

Multimeter Reset

DC Measurements

AC Measurements

Auto Zero

Ranging

Null Measurements

Miscellaneous Configuration Settings

Math Functions

Triggering the Multimeter

Data Logging

System-Related Operations

Power-On and Reset State

Configuring the GPIB Interface

Configuring the USB Interface

Configuring the LAN Interface

Configuring LAN Parameters

Setting up a LAN connection from the Front Panel

Setting up a LAN connection from the Remote Interface

Agilent 34410A/11A Web Interface