Demo Guide
Publication number 16700-97003
March 1998
For Safety and Warranty information, see the pag e s be hind the index.
© Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company 1998
All Rights Reserved
HP 16700A-Series
Logic Analysis System
The HP 16700A-Series Logic Analysis System
Reduces Time to Insight
2
With the HP16700A-series logic analysis system:
• Y ou can view target system behavior at many different levels of the
design hierarchy: from analog signals (using an oscilloscope
module), to the timing re la tionships of signals , to m icroprocessor
execution, to source code, to bus execution, to overall system
performance. Being able to look at a problem from many
perspectives helps you gain insight into problems faster.
• You can time-correlate different views of target system behavior
(and use multiple views) to analyze the same target system event
in different ways.
• You can use a pattern generat or m o dule to provide stimulus to
parts of the target system when testing hypotheses or analyzing
the target system’s response to specific inputs.
• You can use an emulation module to control microprocessor
execution (run, stop, step, breakpoints) and display and modify
the contents of microprocessor registers and memory.
• You can explore data collected from your target system, perhaps
data that captures a rarely occurring problem, in a more efficient
way by taking deep-memory traces and by using post-processing
filtering tools. Yo u can also trig ger on a specific s equence of event s
and store only the data of interest to capture execution over a
longer time.
• You can export critical data from your target system, import it
later, and compare it to new data.
• You can share the networked logic analysis system among project
team members to facilitate communication and collaborative
debugging.
• You can solve problems quickly and move on to the next problem,
speeding up your overall development time.
These capabilities let you identify problems and track them to
their root cause. They let you explain all the symptoms of a
problem and give you confidence in your solution.
3
In This Book
This demo guide shows many of the things you can do with the
HP 16700A -series logic analysis system. It’s part of a demo kit
that includes a MPC860 microprocessor-based system.
Y o u can probe the MPC860 de mo board by conn ecting the log ic
analyzer modules and emulation modules. Later you will
connect the oscilloscope, pattern generator, and high-speed
logic analysis modules. Then, you can follow the instructions in
this guide to capture and analyze MPC860 demo board
execution. You will see some of the more powerful ways you
can use the logic analysis system to debug and verify your own
target systems.
This demo guide shows:
• You can quickly set up the logic analysis system to capture
hundreds of waveforms. You can also use the Setup Assistant to
quickly trace microprocessor execution, inverse assemble the
microprocessor trace, perform run control functions, and
correlate source code.
• You can quickly find hardware and software interaction problems
by correlating views of the captured data with traces of
microprocessor execution, and by analyzing system performance.
• You can quickly find the cause of difficult hardware problems
using HP’s deep-memory logic analyzers, high-speed logic
analyzers, and pattern generators.
This demo guide also contains an appendix that describes the
MPC860 demo board and its firmware in more detail and state
and timing.
4
Contents
The HP 16700A-Series Logic Analysis System
Reduces Time to Insight
In This Book
1 Getting Started
Connecting the demo board to analyzer 10
Connecting the demo board to the em ul ati on m o dule 13
2 Quickly Set Up the Analysis System
Tracing Hundreds of Your Target’s Signals 16
Connecting the analyzer to your target 17
Using an HP logic analysis module 18
Tracing Processor Code Execution with Source Code
Correlation 24
HP’s Processor Solutions 24
Using the Setup Assistant 29
3 Quickly Find the Cause of Difficult HW/SW Interaction
Problems
Looking at Correlated Hardware/Software Traces 44
Correlating processor execution with external buses 45
Tracking hardware problems to their software causes 54
Tracking software problems to their hardware causes 63
Looking at Firmware Driver Issues 71
Controlling and modify ing processor execution 72
Downloading code to RAM or Flash ROM 81
5
Contents
Synchronizing stim ulus to processor exec uti o n 84
Looking at Software Issues 89
Analyzing system performance 90
Tracking processor execution with caches turned on 98
4 Quickly Find the Cause of Difficult Hardware Problems
Capturing Very Deep Traces 104
Using logic analyzers with deep memory 105
Creating Stimulus for Target Hardware 110
Using the pattern ge nerator 111
Verifying Setup/Hold Violations 120
Using the high-speed logic analyzers 121
A About the MPC860 Demo Board
Demo Board Hardware 130
Introduction 130
Configuring the Logic Analysis System for the Demo Board 130
Demo Board Connector Mapping 134
Demo Board Features 138
Demo Board Firmware 143
Introduction 143
Overview of main() 143
Overview of proc_specific 146
Variables 147
Using the PowerPC 860 Emulation Module 150
Recommended Demo Configuration 151
Why use Recommended Demo Configuration 151
6
Contents
B Concepts
Timing Analysis vs. State Analysis in Logic Analyzers 154
Glossary
Index
7
Contents
8
1
Getting Started
9
Chapter 1: Getting Started
Connecting the demo board to analyzer
The following provides instructions for connecting the demo
board to the logic analyzer. The instructions, as well as the
entire guide, assume that your analysis system has the
recommended configuration of modules.
Go to “Recommended Demo Configuration” on page 151 for
instructions on verifying your configuration.
If the logic analysis system does not have the recommended
configuration, you can still connect the demo board by
following the instructions provided by the Setup Assistant (go
to “Using the Setup Assistant” on page 29) . However, some of
the exercise may not work properly; this will depend on the
particular configuration you use.
First connect the logic analysis modules. There are two, four
pod modules that provide the five pods of logic analysis
required for some of the exercises. The analyzers are
connected together internally, with the module in slot E serving
as master and the module in slot D serving as expansion.
A
B
C
D
E
Five Slots for
Measurement
Modules
Pod 3
Pod 4
Pod 3
Pod 4
Pod 1
Pod 2
Pod 1
Pod 2
1
2
Two Slots for
Emulation
Modules
Connecting the first two pods are straight forward, connect pod
1 and 2 of the master analysis module to the 1 and 2 pod
locations on the lower edge demo board, away from the LCD
10
Chapter 1: Getting Started
display. The remaining connections are less straight forward
and are as follows:
'HPRERDUG /RJLF$QDO\]HU
3RG 6ORW'3RG
3RG 6ORW'3RG
3RG 6ORW(3RG
Slot D, Pod 1 Slot D, Pod 2
Digital Systems
Debug Demo
Slot E,
Pod 3
Slot E, Pod 1 Slot E, Pod 2
As you can see in the picture above, there are two pod s 1 and 2.
Follow the table carefully to get the right connections. The
pods must be connected in the order described above so the
11
Chapter 1: Getting Started
timing measurements, pod 5 on the demo board, can be made
on the master analysis module.
NOTE: Only connect the pattern generator data pods when a particular demo
exercise requires them. When the pattern generator data pods are
connected, the pattern generator by default takes control of the L CD
display . When this h appens, th e processor wil l make 2,000 at tempts at
writing to the display before going on with program execution.
Needless to say, this significantly slows down the execution of the
demo board code and will affect measurement results.
12
Chapter 1: Getting Started
Connecting the demo board to the emulation module
Now, connect the emulation module.
Emulation
Module
Notice in the previous picture of the back of the logic analysis
system that there are two emulation module slots. This is so
that you may control more than one processor at a time.
If the emulation module cable is not connected to the
emulation module, do so now. Connect the other end of the
cable to the demo board. It goes on the edge with no logic
analyzer cables connected to it.
13
Chapter 1: Getting Started
14
2
Quickly Set Up the Analysis System
15
Chapter 2: Quickly Set Up the Analysis System
Tracing Hundreds of Your Target’s Signals
Tracing Hundreds of Your Target’s Signals
Being able to capture and display a large number of logic
analyzer channels helps you look at more target system
execution at one time.
• By using a logic analyzer’s flying lead set, you can probe and look
at digital signals in any part of a target system.
• By loading the HP 16700A-series logic analysis system with logic
analyzer cards and using the logic analysis system’s display
capabilities, you can easily view and manage a large number of
waveforms.
16
Chapter 2: Quickly Set Up the Analys is Sy stem
Tracing Hundreds of Your Target’s Signals
Connecting the analyzer to your target
The most common way to probe a target system is with a f lying
lead set. The flying lead sets connect to logic analyzer pods to
provide 16 individual data connections and one clock
connection. HP provides a variety of clips and connections that
attach to the flying leads and make it easier to attach to finepitch leads.
Two other methods for attaching the analyzer to your target
system are discussed at the beginning of the next exercise.
17
Chapter 2: Quickly Set Up the Analysis System
Tracing Hundreds of Your Target’s Signals
Using an HP logic analysis module
HP has a variety of logic analysis modules for tracing your
target system’s signals. They range in channel count, trace
depth, and acquisition speed. This exercise uses two of the
HP 16555D logic analysis modules that have been tied together
to function as one analyzer. However, it pretty much applies to
all HP analysis modules. For an exercise specific to deep trace,
go to “Capturing Very Deep Traces” on page 104.
In this exercise, you will see how the large windows and
features of the HP 16700A-series logic analysis system make it
easy to manage a large number of waveforms. The HP 16700Aseries logic analysis systems can be configured with as many as
1,020 channels of analysis.
1 Probe the MPC860 demo board.
Follow the instructions in the “Getting Started” chapter on
page 9 for connecting the logic analysis module to the demo
board.
NOTE: The emulation module connection should NOT be made; it could put
the processor into reset, preventing it from running, which is
necessary for this exercise.
2 Start with the default configuration.
T o get a defau lt configurat ion, go to the “ 16700A Logic Anal ysis
System” window, select the “Exit” button in the lower righthand corner, and click “OK” in the dialog that comes up.
When the session has ended, go to the “Session Manager”
window, and select “Start Session on This Display”.
18
Chapter 2: Quickly Set Up the Analys is Sy stem
Tracing Hundreds of Your Target’s Signals
3 Set up trigger, and run measurement
When the “16700A Logic Analysis System” window has come
up, select the “HP16555D” button on the left-hand side and
select “Waveform<1>...” from the popup menu.
Click the green “Run” button to take a trace of the lower 16 bits
of the address bus.
4 Display the captured data.
Maximize the “Waveform<1>” window.
You are looking at an overlaid trace of 16 bits of the address
bus; in other words, each of the individual traces of the address
bus bits are displayed in this one trace. You can see the
hexadecimal value of the address bus where there is space to
display it.
19
Chapter 2: Quickly Set Up the Analysis System
Tracing Hundreds of Your Target’s Signals
T o see e ach individual address line, right-click on “Lab1 all” and
select “Expand”. Notice that each “Lab1” is now individually
numbered.
To overlay the lines again, right-click on one of the “Lab1”
signals, and select “Overlay”.
5 Replicate the one occurrence of “Lab1 all” several times.
T o get to the point of this exe rcise, managi ng a large number of
waveforms, the Lab1 trace will be replicated multiple times.
Right-click on “Lab1 all”, select “Insert after...”, and a label
dialog comes up. This dialog lets you add more labels to the
display, either one bit at a time or as overlaid signal sets. The
default is overlaid. Add 9 more of the overlaid “Lab1 all” to the
Waveform<1> window by clicking “Apply” 9 times; then, close
the dialog.
20
Chapter 2: Quickly Set Up the Analysis System
Tracing Hundreds of Your Target’s Signals
6 Add color to waveforms.
We now have a total of 160 waveforms displayed. To help
identify them more easily, you can add some color.
Pick the second “Lab1 all” from the top, right-click on it, and
select “Change attributes...”. Select the red radio button to the
right of “Color” and click “OK”.
Try changing some of the other “Lab1 all”.
Now, expand one of the colored “Lab1 all” and see how the
coloring helps you to follow the timing waveforms.
7 Zoom in on the information of interest.
Pick an area in the waveform trace that you want to look at
more closely. Left-click inside the black waveform display area
to the left of the area of interest to you. Drag the mouse to the
right side of the area you are interested in. This will display a
rectangle encompassing the area that the display will be
expanded to.
21
Chapter 2: Quickly Set Up the Analysis System
Tracing Hundreds of Your Target’s Signals
Rectangle
When you let go the mouse button, the display will expand
horizontally so you can better see the area you are interest in.
8 Use timing markers to establish the timing relationship
between edges in the waveforms displayed.
Right-click on an edge that you are interested in, select “Place
Marker >”, and select “G1”.
Right-click on another edge that you would like timing
information about relative to the G1 marker, and select “G2”.
Select the “Markers” tab and select the list arrow next to the
text window for the G1 marker that says “Trigger”.
22
Chapter 2: Quickly Set Up the Analysis System
Tracing Hundreds of Your Target’s Signals
Select G2 from the list. What you see displayed to the right of
the G1 marker line is the time between the G1 and G2 markers.
If you would like to learn more about the analysis system’s
search capabilities, go to “Capturing Very Deep Traces” on
page 104.
Summary By using the logic analysis system’s large display capabilities,
you can easily view and manage a large number of waveforms.
23
Chapter 2: Quickly Set Up the Analysis System
Tracing Processor Code Execution with Sourc e Code Correlation
Tracing Processor Code Execution with
Source Code Correlation
HP’s Processor Solutions
Probing target system circuits can be difficult. The narrow
spacing of surface mount package pins and the dozens of
connections that a microprocessor requires might make the
task seem almost impossible.
However, HP and its channel partners provide products that
make probing surface mount packages and microprocessors
easier. HP also provides products like emulation modules and
the source correlation tool set that make debugging
microprocessor execution easier.
Analysis Probes
HP and its channel partners provide analysis probes for
probing microprocessors and standard buses. Analysis probes
are available for over 200 microprocessors and standard buses.
Analysis probes provide the mechanical connection, electrical
connection, active circuitry (when necessary), and the
software required to trace and inverse assemble
microprocessor execution. The following demo, “Using an HP
logic analysis module” on page18, will give you a good feel for
the benefits provided by analysis probe software.
24
Chapter 2: Quickly Set Up the Analysis System
Tracing Processor Code Execution with Source Cod e Correlation
Analysis probes plug into Pin Grid Array (PGA) sockets, bus
connectors, and even clamp over Thin Quad Flat Pack (TQFP)
packages and connect to Ball Grid Array (BGA) footprints.
They bring dozens of connections out to logic analyzer pods.
Analysis probes are typically low profile compact boards with
minimum capacitive loading.
Designing Connections into Your Target System. When
probing microprocessor cores embedded in ASICs or when
analysis probes cannot be used for some other reason, you can
design logic analyzer connections into your target system and
purchase an inverse assembler for your processor separately.
HP provides information on designing several types of logic
analyzer connections into target systems (which vary in cost
and connection density).
Connectors can range from the 0.1 inch 2x20 connectors (like
the five around the edge of the MPC860 demo board) to the
high-density Mictor38 connectors (like the three on top of the
demo board). The Mictor38 connectors provide connections for
two logic analyzer pods each, while the 2x20 connectors
provide connections for one logic analyzer pod. The Mictor38
connectors require that you use the HP E5346A high-density
termination adapters.
25
Chapter 2: Quickly Set Up the Analysis System
Tracing Processor Code Execution with Sourc e Code Correlation
Emulation Modules
The HP 16700A-series logic analysis system can contain
emulation modules that use a processor’s Background Debug
Mode (BDM) or JTAG port to control the processor. You can
run a microprocessor, stop it, set breakpoints, modify the
contents of microprocessor registers and memory locations,
and download code to RAM and Flash ROM.
The analysis system can contain up to two emulation modules.
This provides support for systems that have both a
microprocessor and a DSP, or two microprocessors.
Emulation
Module
HP’s emulation module require a Target Interface Module
(TIM) to connect to the processor’s BDM or JTAG port (see
picture). A different TIM is used for each processor or
processor family to adapt the emulation module’s connections
to the processor’s. The 860 demo board that you will be using in
the following demo exercises does not need a TIM because we
have built it into the board.
Emulation Probes
Emulation probes are just stand-alone emulation modules.
They, combined with a commercial debugger, provide an
economical run control solution.
26
Chapter 2: Quickly Set Up the Analysis System
Tracing Processor Code Execution with Source Cod e Correlation
Emulation probes can also be accessed from the HP 16700Aseries logic analysis system to provide run control for more
than two processors.
Below is a drawing of an emulation probe with a TIM attached.
Source Correlation Tool Set
The source correlation tool set add-on for the HP 16700Aseries logic analysis system lets you view the source code that
corresponds to data captured on the microprocessor bus.
The source correlation tool set requires that symbol
information be loaded into the logic analyzer from the target
system program’s object file.
27
Chapter 2: Quickly Set Up the Analysis System
Tracing Processor Code Execution with Sourc e Code Correlation
Processor Solution Packages
You can order HP processor solution packages that combine
an analysis probe, an emulation probe, and the source
correlation tool set for a particular microprocessor.
Processor Solution Information on the Web
You can find up-to-date processor solution information on the
world-wide web at:
http://www.hp.com/go/uPsolutions
Or, contact your HP sales representative.
28
Chapter 2: Quickly Set Up the Analysis System
Tracing Processor Code Execution with Source Cod e Correlation
Using the Setup Assistant
The HP 16700A-series logic analysis system includes a setup
assistant to help you configure the logic analyzer for a
particular analysis probe. It also configures the emulation
module for the selected processor and helps you read in your
symbol file for the inverse assembly and Source Viewer.
The setup assistant analyzes the configuration of your logic
analyzer and the type of microprocessor you want to trace.
Then, it asks what options you want implemented. The setup
assistant tells you how to connect the analyzer probes, and it
creates the necessary configurations.
You only need to run the setup assistant when you start
working with a new processor or when you change the
configuration of the logic analyzer. Once the setup assistant has
created a configuration, it can be saved and reloaded.
The following steps show you how to use the setup assistant to
trace microprocessor execution on the MPC860 demo board
and view the source code associated with captured data.
1 Start with the default configuration.
T o get a defaul t configurat ion, go to the “ 16700A Logic Anal ysis
System” window, select the “Exit” button in the lower righthand corner, and click “OK” in the dialog that comes up.
When the session has ended, go to the “Session Manager”
window, and select “Start Session on This Display”.
2 Start the setup assistant.
Go to the “16700 Logic Analysis System” dialog and select
“Setup Assistant” from the bottom buttons.
29
Chapter 2: Quickly Set Up the Analysis System
Tracing Processor Code Execution with Sourc e Code Correlation
The “Setup Assistant – Introduction” dialog will be launched.
Select “Full measurement - …..” and then select “Next -->” to go
to the next dialog.
3 Identify your microprocessor
The “Setup Assistant – Target and Analysis Probe or Interface
Software” dialog now comes up. This is where you tell the setup
assistant what processor you are using and whether you are
using an analysis probe or connecting directly to your target.
0LFURSURFHVVRU6XSSRUW
Processors are added on a regular basis, so if you do not see the
one you need, check with yo u r HP sales representative to see if it
has become available.
30
Loading...