HP 16557D 135-MHz State/
500-MHz Timing Logic Analyzer
ii
In This Book
The User’s Reference manual contains
field and feature definitions. Use this
manual to learn what the menu fields do,
what they are used for, and how the
features work.
The manual is divided into chapters
covering general product information,
probing, and separately tabbed chapters
for each analyzer menu. Chapters on
error messages and instrument
specifications are also provided.
In the Configuration menu, you have the
choice of configuring an analyzer as
either a State analyzer or a Timing
analyzer. Some menus in the analyzer
will change depending on the analyzer
type you choose. For example, because a
Timing analyzer does not use external
clocks, the clock assignment fields in the
Format menu will not be available.
If a menu field is only available to a
particular analyzer type, the field is
designated (Timing only) or (State only)
after the field name. If no designation is
shown, the field is available for both
types.
1
General Information
2
Probing
3
The Configuration Menu
4
The Format Menu
5
The Trigger Menu
6
The Listing Menu
7
The Waveform Menu
8
The Chart Menu
9
The Compare Menu
10
The Mixed Display Menu
11
The SPA Menu
12
Error Messages
Specifications and
13
Characteristics
14
Installation and Service
Index
iii
iv
Contents
1 General Information
User Interface 1–3
Configuration Capabilities 1–4
Key Features for the HP 16557D 1–5
Accessories Supplied 1–6
Accessories Available 1–7
2 Probing
General-Purpose Probing System Description 2–17
Assembling the Probing System 2–21
Connecting the External Reference Clock 2–25
3 The Configuration Menu
Analyzer Name Field 3–3
Analyzer Type Field 3–4
Pod Fields 3–6
Activity Indicators 3–8
4 The Format Menu
State Acquisition Mode Field (State, State Compare, and SPA only) 4–3
Timing Acquisition Mode Field (Timing only) 4–4
Data on Clocks Display 4–5
Pod Field 4–6
Pod Clock Field (State only) 4–7
Pod Threshold Field 4–11
Master and Slave Clock Fields (State modes only) 4–12
Setup/Hold Field (State only) 4–14
Symbols Field 4–16
Label Assignment Fields 4–16
Rolling Labels and Pods 4–16
Label Polarity Fields 4–17
Bit Assignment Fields 4–18
Contents–1
Contents
5 The Trigger Menu
Predefined Trigger Macros 5–3
Timing Trigger Macro Library 5–5
State Trigger Macro Library 5–7
Sequence Levels 5–9
Sequence Level Number Field 5–10
Sequence Instruction Menu 5–11
Resource Terms 5–17
Resource Term Fields 5–18
Bit Pattern Terms 5–21
Range Terms 5–23
Timer Terms 5–25
Edge Terms (Timing only) 5–27
Combination of Terms 5–29
Control Fields 5–31
Arming Control Field 5–32
Count Field (State and State Compare only) 5–35
Acquisition Control Field 5–37
Modify Trigger Field 5–42
6 The Listing Menu
Markers Field 6–3
Pattern Markers 6–4
Find X-pattern / O-pattern Field 6–5
Pattern Occurrence Fields 6–6
From Trigger / Start / X Marker Field 6–7
Specify Patterns Field 6–8
Label / Base Roll Field 6–11
Contents–2
Stop Measurement Field 6–12
Clear Pattern Field 6–14
Time Markers 6–15
Trig to X / Trig to O Fields 6–16
Statistics Markers 6–17
Data Roll Field 6–19
7 The Waveform Menu
Basic Controls 7–3
Acquisition Control Field 7–4
Accumulate Field 7–5
States Per Division Field (State and State Compare only) 7–6
Seconds Per Division Field (Timing only) 7–7
Delay Field 7–8
Sample Period Display (Timing only) 7–9
Markers Field 7–11
Contents
Pattern Markers 7–12
X-pat / O-pat Occurrence Fields 7–13
From Trigger / Start / X Marker Field 7–14
Center Screen Field 7–15
Specify Patterns Field 7–16
Time Markers 7–17
Trig to X / Trig to O Fields 7–18
Marker Label / Base and Display 7–19
Statistics Markers 7–20
Contents–3
Contents
Waveform Display 7–22
Display Location Reference Line 7–23
Blue Bar Field 7–24
Channel Mode Field 7–26
Module and Label Fields 7–27
Action Insert/Replace Field 7–28
Delete and Delete All Fields 7–29
Waveform Size Field 7–30
8 The Chart Menu
The Y Markers 8–4
The X Markers and the Markers Field 8–5
Sample 8–5
Pattern 8–6
Rescale 8–13
Axis Control Field 8–15
Accumulate Field 8–18
Cancel Field 8–18
9 The Compare Menu
Reference Listing Field 9–4
Difference Listing Field 9–5
Copy Listing to Reference Field 9–7
Find Error Field 9–8
Compare Full / Compare Partial Field 9–9
Mask Field 9–10
Specify Stop Measurement Field 9–11
Data Roll Field 9–14
Bit Editing Field 9–15
Label and Base Fields 9–16
Label / Base Roll Field 9–16
What is System Performance Analysis? 11–4
Getting Started 11–6
SPA Measurement Processes 11–8
Using State Overview, State Histogram, and Time Interval 11–21
Using SPA with other features 11–30
To configure a single-card module 14–2
To configure a multi-card module 14–3
To install modules 14–8
Preparing for Use 14–9
To inspect the module 14–10
To clean the logic analyzer module 14–10
Index
Contents–5
Contents–6
1
General Information
Logic Analyzer Description
The HP 16557D State/Timing Analyzer module is part of a new
generation of general-purpose logic analyzers. It is used with the HP
16500C Logic Analysis System mainframe, which is designed as a
standalone instrument for use by digital and microprocessor hardware
and software designers. The HP 16557D logic analyzer is not
compatible with earlier models of the HP 16500 logic analysis system.
The HP 16500C mainframe has HP-IB and RS-232-C interfaces for
hard copy printouts and control by a host computer.
The State/Timing Analyzer module has 64 data channels and four
clock/data channels. Two additional HP 16557D cards can be added
to expand the module to 200 data and 4 clock/data channels. Up to
two more HP 16557D cards can be added to expand the module to
336 data and 4 clock/data channels, but the state speed decreases to
100 MHz.
Memory depth on the HP 16557D is 2M in all pod pair groupings, or
4M on just one pod (timing half-channel mode). All available resource
terms can be assigned to either configured state or timing analyzer
machine.
Measurement data is displayed as data listings or waveforms.
The 135-MHz state analyzer has master, slave, and demultiplexed
clocking modes available. Measurement data can be stamped with
either state or time tags. For triggering and data storage, the state
analyzer uses 12 sequence levels with two-way branching, 10 pattern
resource terms, 2 range terms, and 2 timers/counters.
The 500-MHz conventional timing analyzer has variable width, depth,
and speed selections. Sequential triggering uses 10 sequence levels
with two-way branching, 10 pattern resource terms, 2 range terms,
2 timers/counters and 2 edge/glitch terms.
1–2
General Information
User Interface
User Interface
The HP 16500C Logic Analysis System has four easy-to-use user interface
devices: the knob, the touchscreen, the mouse, and the optional keyboard.
The knob on the front panel is used to move the cursor on certain menus, to
increment or decrement numeric fields, and to roll the display.
The touchscreen fields can be selected by touch or with the mouse or
keyboard. To activate a touchscreen field by touch, simply press the screen
over any dark blue box on the display with your finger until the field changes
color. Then remove your finger from the screen to activate your selection.
To activate a field with the mouse, position the cursor (+) of the mouse over
the desired field and press the button on the upper-left corner of the mouse.
The optional keyboard can control all instrument functions by using special
function keys, the arrow keys, and the ENTER key. Alphanumeric entry is
simply typed in.
All user interface devices are discussed in more detail in the HP 16500CUser’s Reference.
1–3
General Information
Configuration Capabilities
Configuration Capabilities
The HP 16557D can be configured as a single card, two-card, three-card,
four-card, or five-card module. The number of data channels ranges from 68
channels using just one card, to 340 channels when five cards are installed. A
half-channel acquisition mode is available for timing analyzers which reduces
the channel width by half, but doubles memory depth from 2M-deep to
4M-deep per channel.
Modules are made of cards cabled together to form a single timebase. An HP
16557D module may use from one to five HP 16557D cards. Because the
clock is common to all cards in a module, the data is always synchronized.
For tightly coupled measurements involving multiple HP 16557D modules,
your analyzer module provides an external reference clock. The reference
clock prevents large data samples from becoming unsynchronized towards
the end of a measurement. Because the internal clock on each logic analyzer
card is accurate to 100 parts per million, in a 2M timing measurement using
two modules, the last sample of each may be separated as much as 100 times
the sample period. The external reference clock prevents this by having
multiple modules share the same clock. There is no limit to how many
modules may share the clock.
See Also"Connecting the External Reference Clock" in chapter 2, Probing, for
information on configuring the external reference clock.
1–4
General Information
Key Features for the HP 16557D
Key Features for the HP 16557D
Lightweight passive probes for easy hookup and compatibility with
•
previous HP logic analyzers and preprocessors.
HP-IB and RS-232-C interface for programming and hard copy printouts.
•
Variable setup/hold time, 3.0-ns window.
•
External arming to and from other modules through the intermodule bus.
•
2-M deep memory on all channels with 4 Mbytes in half-channel modes.
•
Marker measurements.
•
12 levels of trigger sequencing for State and 10 levels of sequential
•
triggering for Timing.
Both state and timing analyzers can use 10 pattern resource terms, two
•
range terms, and two timer/counters to qualify and trigger on data. The
timing analyzer also has two edge terms available.
Time (8-ns resolution) and number-of-qualified-states tagging.
•
Full programmability.
•
Mixed State/Timing and State/State (interleaved) display.
•
Waveform display.
•
One, Two, or Three-Card HP 16557D
135-MHz state and 500-MHz timing acquisition speed.
•
64 data channels/4 clocks expandable to 200 data/4 clock channels.
•
Four or Five-Card HP 16557D
100-MHz state and 500-MHz timing acquisition speed.
•
268 data/4 clock channels or 336 data/4 clock channels.
•
1–5
General Information
Accessories Supplied
Accessories Supplied
The table below lists the accessories supplied with your logic analyzer. If any
of these accessories are missing, contact your nearest Hewlett-Packard Sales
Office. If you need additional accessories, refer to the Accessories forHP Logic Analyzers brochure.
Table 1-1
Accessories Supplied
AccessoryHP Part No.Quantity
Probe tip assemblies01650-616084
Probe cables16557-616012
Cable kit for multicard16555-687051
Grabbers (20 per pack)5090-43564 pkgs
Extra probe leads (5 per pack)5959-93331 pkg
Probe cable and pod labels01650-943121
Double probe adapter16542-616071
External reference cable16555-616081
Probe grounds (5 per pack)5959-93344
Operating system dis ksCall1
User’s ReferenceCall1
1–6
General Information
Accessories Available
Accessories Available
There are a number of accessories available that will make your measurement
tasks easier and more accurate. You will find these listed in Accessories forHP Logic Analyzers, available from your Hewlett-Packard Sales Office.
Preprocessor Modules
The preprocessor module accessories enable you to quickly and easily
connect the logic analyzer to your microprocessor under test.
Included with each preprocessor module is a 3.5-inch disk which contains a
configuration file and an inverse assembler file. When you load the
configuration file, it configures the logic analyzer for making state
measurements on the microprocessor for which the preprocessor is designed.
Configuration files from other analyzer modules can also be loaded. For
information on translating other configuration files into the analyzer, refer to
"Preprocessor File Configuration Translation and Pod Connections" in
chapter 2, "Probing".
The inverse assembler file is a software routine that will display captured
information in a specific microprocessor’s mnemonics. The DATA field in the
State Listing is replaced with an inverse assembly field. The inverse
assembler software is designed to provide a display that closely resembles
the original assembly language listing of the microprocessor’s software. It also
identifies the microprocessor bus cycles captured, such as Memory Read,
Interrupt Acknowledge, or I/O write.
Many of the preprocessor modules require the HP 10269C General Purpose
Probe Interface. The HP 10269C accepts the specific preprocessor PC board
and connects it to five connectors on the general purpose interface to which
the logic analyzer probe cables connect.
A list of preprocessor modules is found in the Accessories for HP LogicAnalyzers brochure. Descriptions of the preprocessor modules are found
with the preprocessor module accessories.
1–7
1–8
2
Probing
Probing
This chapter contains a description of the probing system for the logic
analyzer. It also contains the information you need for connecting the
probe system components to each other, to the logic analyzer, and to
the system under test.
Probing Options
You can connect the logic analyzer to your system under test in one of
the following ways:
• The standard general purpose probing (provided).
• HP E2445A User-Definable Interface (optional).
• Direct connection to a 20-pin, 3M-Series type header connector
using the termination adapter (optional).
• Microprocessor and bus specific interfaces (optional).
General-Purpose Probing
General-purpose probing involves connecting the logic analyzer
probes directly to your target system without using any interface.
General purpose probing does not limit you to specific hook up
schemes, as for example, the probe interface does. General-purpose
probing uses grabbers that connect to both through hole and surface
mount components.
General-purpose probing is the standard probing option provided with
the logic analyzer. There is a full description of its components and
use later in this chapter.
2–2
Probing
The HP E2445A User-Definable Interface
The optional HP E2445A User-Definable Interface allows you to
connect the logic analyzer to the microprocessor in your target
system. The HP E2445A includes a breadboard that you custom-wire
for your system.
You will find additional information about the HP E2445A in the
Accessories for HP Logic Analyzers brochure.
The Termination Adapter
The optional termination adapter allows you to connect the logic
analyzer probe cables directly to test ports on your target system
without the probes.
The termination adapter is designed to connect to a 20-pin (2x10),
4-wall, low-profile header connector, 3M-Series 3592 or equivalent.
Termination Adapter
2–3
Probing
Microprocessor and Bus-Specific Interfaces
There are a number of microprocessor and bus-specific interfaces
available as optional accessories which are listed in Microprocessor
and Bus Interfaces and Software Accessories for HP Logic
Analyzers. Microprocessors are supported by Universal Interfaces or
Preprocessor Interfaces, or in some cases both.
Preprocessor interfaces are aimed at hardware turn-on and
hardware/software integration, and will provide the following:
• All clocking and demultiplexing circuits needed to capture the
system’s operation.
• Additional status lines to further decode the operation of the CPU.
• Inverse assembly software to translate logic levels captured by the
logic analyzer into microprocessor mnemonics.
• Bus interfaces to support bus analysis for HP-IB, RS-232-C, RS-449,
SCSI, VME, VXI, ISA, EISA, MCA, FDDI, Futurebus+, JTAG, SBus,
PCI, and PCMCIA.
Universal Interfaces are aimed at initial hardware turn-on, and will
provide fast, reliable, and convenient connections to the
microprocessor system. Universal Interfaces do not provide inverse
assembly of software instructions.
2–4
Probing
Preprocessor File Configuration Translation and Pod Connections
Configuration files for the HP 16554, HP 16555A/D, and HP 16556A/D
logic analyzers can be used by the HP 16557D. For the HP 16554-6 to
the HP 16557D, no pod translation is necessary. Preprocessor
configuration files from an HP 16550A can be used by the HP 16557D
logic analyzer. However, some pods must be connected differently in
order for the configuration files to work properly. The tables on the
next several pages provide information on what configuration files to
load and the required connections between the preprocessor interface
and the HP 16557D pods.
In the tables, expansion and master card pods are referred to as either
A or B pods. Those designations are done for convenience. The letter
designation of pods in your module will depend on the slots in which
your cards reside. They may use any letter from A through E for the
16500 Logic Analysis System mainframe, or F through J for the
16501A Expander Frame
In a five-card module, for example, the master card pods would be
labeled C. The expansion card pods then would be labeled A, B, D,
and E. Look at the Format menu for the slot designators for
expansion cards in your system.
The following three tables provide configuration file names and pod
connections for older microprocessors. Look in the microprocessorspecific preprocessor manual for configuration and connection
information for newer microprocessors.
2–5
Probing
Software and Hardware Translation Information
Table 2-1
Single-card HP16550A configuration loaded into single-card HP 16557D
E2424B68340F68340P4 P3 P5 P1KN o
Inverse Assembler Labels: P1=DATA P3=ADDR P5=STAT.clk (P4=ADDR_B not required)
E2424B68340FEV340P4 P3 P5 P1JNo
Inverse Assembler Labels: P1=DATA.clk P3=ADDR P5=STAT (P4=ADDR not required)
16550A Config
Filename
Pods
B4 B3 B2 B1ClocksDrop Pods
E2431A320C30/31P_320C3XP4 P3 P2 P1
Inverse Assembler Labels: P1=DATA.clk P2=DATA P3=ADDR P4=ADDR/STAT
E2431A320C30/31Q_320C30P6 P5 -- P7
Inverse Assembler Labels: P5=DATA P6=DATA P7=ADDR/STAT.clk
Note: A single-card HP 16557D is not recommended for this preprocessor because it does not allow simultaneous
viewing of both the primary and expansion microprocessor buses.