User’s Guide
Publication Number 01134-97009
May 2004
For Safety and Regulatory information, see the pages at the back of this book.
Copyright Agilent Technologies 2002-2004
All Rights Reserved.
1134A 7 GHz InfiniiMax Differential and
Single-ended Probes
In This Book
This book provides user and service documentation for the Agilent Technologies 1134A
differential and single-ended probes. It is divided into two chapters.
Chapter 1 provides an overview of the recommended configurations and capacitance values of
the probe; shows you how to use the convenience accessories with the probe; and provides the
frequency, impedance, and time response for the recommended configurations of the probe.
Chapter 2 provides service and performance verification information for the probe.
At the back of the book you will find Safety information and Regulatory information.
ii
Contents
1 Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
Introduction 1-2
Convenience Accessories 1-3
Using the Velcro strips and dots 1-3
Using the ergonomic handle 1-3
Slew Rate Requirements for Different Technologies 1-6
Recommended Configurations Overview 1-9
1 Solder-in Differential Probe Head (full bandwidth resistors) 1-9
2 Socketed Differential Probe Head (full bandwidth resistors) 1-10
3 Differential Browser Probe Head 1-11
4 Solder-in Single-ended Probe Head (full bandwidth resistors) 1-12
5 Single-ended Browser Probe Head 1-13
6 Solder-in Differential Probe Head (medium bandwidth resistor) 1-14
7 Solder-in Single-ended Probe Head (medium bandwidth resistor) 1-15
8 Socketed Differential Probe Head with damped wire accessory 1-16
Recommended configurations at a glance 1-17
Detailed Information for Recommended Configurations 1-18
1 Solder-in Differential Probe Head (Full Bandwidth) 1-19
2 Socketed Differential Probe Head (Full Bandwidth) 1-22
3 Differential Browser 1-25
4 Solder-in Single-ended Probe Head (Full Bandwidth) 1-28
5 Single-ended Browser 1-31
6 Solder-in Differential Probe Head (Medium Bandwidth) 1-34
7 Solder-in Single-ended Probe Head (Medium Bandwidth) 1-37
8 Socketed Differential Probe Head with Damped Wire Accessory 1-40
2Service
Service Strategy for the 1134A Probe 2-3
To return the probe to Agilent Technologies for service 2-4
Troubleshooting 2-5
Failure Symptoms 2-6
Probe Calibration Fails 2-6
Incorrect Pulse Response (flatness) 2-6
Incorrect Input Resistance 2-6
Incorrect Offset 2-6
Calibration Testing Procedures 2-7
To Test Bandwidth 2-8
Initial Setup 2-8
Using the 8720ES VNA successfully 2-8
Calibrating a Reference Plane 2-9
Measuring Vin Response 2-14
Measuring Vout Response 2-15
Displaying Vin/Vout Response on 8720ES VNA Screen 2-15
Performance Test Record 2-17
Replaceable Parts and Accessories 2-18
Contents-1
Contents-2
1
Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
Introduction
The 1134A InfiniiMax Active Probing System allows probing of differential and single-ended
signals to a bandwidth of over 7 GHz with excellent common mode rejection. Additionally,
Agilent’s resistor-at-the-tip technology (introduced in the 115X probe family) provides high
fidelity and low input loading. This system uses interchangeable probe heads to optimize the
performance and usability of three connection types: hand browsing, solder-in and plug-on
socket. Differential probe heads offer easy measurement of differential signals and greatly
improve the measurement of single-ended signals. Single-ended probe heads offer extremely
small size for probing single-ended signals in confined spaces with some reduction in
performance. The probe heads provided for this system are:
• Differential Hand-held Browser (or for probe holders) allows temporary connection to points
in a system. This probe head provides the highest performance hand-held browser for
measuring differential and single-ended signals while maintaining excellent usability due to
the adjustable tip spacing and full z-axis compliance.
• Differential Solder-In Probe Head allows a soldered connection into a system for a reliable,
hands-free connection. This probe head provides full bandwidth performance with the lowest
input loading for probing differential and single-ended signals. At the tip it uses a miniature
axial lead resistor with 8 mil diameter leads which allows connection to very small, fine pitch
targets.
• Differential Socket-Tip Probe Head provides sockets that accept 20 mil diameter pins with
100 mil spacing. The intended application for this probe head is to insert two of the supplied
20 mil diameter lead resistors into the sockets and then solder the resistors into the target
system. This allows a removable, hands-free connection that provides full bandwidth with a
minor increase in capacitance over the solder-in probe head for probing differential and
single-ended signals. Additionally, 3.6 cm resistor tip wire accessories are provided for high
fidelity lower bandwidth probing of signals with very wide spacing. It is recommended that a
25 mil diameter plated through hole on the board for mounting the lead resistors.
• Single-ended Hand-held Browser (or for probe holders) allows temporary connection to points
in a system for single-ended signals only. This browser has lower bandwidth than the
differential browser, but is very small which allows probing in tight areas.
• Single-ended Solder-In Probe Head allows a soldered connection for a reliable hands-free
connection to single-ended singles only. This probe head has lower bandwidth than the
differential solder-in probe head, but is extremely small which allows probing in tight areas or
probing several signals located close together.
The E2669A Differential Connectivity Kit includes the differential browser, solder-in, and
socket-tip probe heads. Also included is an Ergonomic Handle for the browser along with other
accessories. This allows full bandwidth probing of differential and single-ended signals.
The E2668A Single-ended Connectivity Kit includes the single-ended browser and solder-in
probe heads as well as the differential socket-tip probe head. A single-ended socket-tip probe
head was not developed since it did not offer a significant size advantage. Also included is an
Ergonomic Handle for the browser along with other accessories.
In order to take the guesswork out of how to connect your probe, the Detailed Information for
Recommended Configurations section shows the various probe heads along with their
performance information. This allows you to quickly make the measurements you need with
confidence in the performance and signal fidelity. Using the recommended connection
configurations is your key to making accurate oscilloscope measurements with known
performance levels.
1–2
Figure 1-1
Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
Convenience Accessories
Convenience Accessories
Using the Velcro strips and dots
The Velcro strips and dots can be used to secure the probe amp to a circuit board removing the
weight of the probe from the circuit connection. This is done by using the following steps.
Wrap the Velcro strip around the probe amp body.
1
2 Attach a Velcro dot to the circuit board.
3 Attach the Velcro strip to the Velcro dot.
Using the Velcro dots and strips.
Using the ergonomic handle
Because of their small size, it can be difficult to hold the single-ended or the differential browsers
for extended periods of time. The ergonomic handle can be used to more comfortably hold the
browser. The following pictures show how to mount the browser in the ergonomic handle.
1–3
Figure 1-2
Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
Convenience Accessories
1–4
Figure 1-3
Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
Convenience Accessories
The following pictures show how to remove the browser from the ergonomic handle.
1–5
Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
Slew Rate Requirements for Different Technologies
Slew Rate Requirements for Different Technologies
The following table shows the slew rates for several different technologies. The maximum allowed input slew rate is 18 V/ns for
single-ended signals and 30 V/ns for differential signals. Table 1-1 shows that the maximum required slew rate for the different
technologies is much less that of the probe.
Table 1-1
Slew Rate Requirements
Name of Technology Differential
Signal
PCI Express (3GIO) YES 9.6 19.2 50 1.6
RapidIO Serial 3.125Gb YES 8.0 16.0 60 1.6
10GbE XAUI (4x3.125Gb) YES 8.0 16.0 60 1.6
1394b YES 8.0 16.0 60 1.6
Fibre Channel 2125 YES 8.0 16.0 75 1
Gigabit Ethernet 1000Base-CX YES 7.8 15.5 85 2.2
RapidIO 8/16 2Gb YES 7.2 14.4 50 1.2
Infiniband 2.5Gb YES 4.8 9.6 100 1.6
HyperTransport 1.6Gb YES 4.0 8.0 113 1.5
SATA (1.5Gb) YES 1.3 2.7 134 0.6
USB 2.0 YES 0.9 1.8 375 1.1
DDR 200/266/333 NO 7.2 n/a 300 3.6
PCI NO 4.3 n/a 500 3.6
AGP-8X NO 3.1 n/a 137 0.7
1 The probe specification is 18 V/ns
2 The probe specification is 30 V/ns
Max
Single-Ended
Slew Rate
(V/ns)
1
Max
Differential
Slew Rate 2
(V/ns)
Driver Min
Edge Rate
(20%-80% ps)
Max Transmitter
Level (Diff V)
1–6
Figure 1-4
)
Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
Slew Rate Requirements for Different Technologies
Slew Rates of Popular Te chnologies Com pare d t o M axim um Probe Sle w Rates
30.0
25.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
Edge Slew Rates (V/nS) +
0.0
0G
1
.125Gb
3
E XAUI (
b
+
3
x
4
Maximum Edge Amplitude 0.6×
--------------------------------------------------------------------------Minimum 20% to 80% Rise Time
PCI Expres
RapidIO Serial
(3GIO
s
Maximum Probe Diff erential Slew Rate (30 V/nS)
.125
b)
G
b
394
1
nel 2125
n
Fibre Cha
Ethernet 1000B
t
bi
a
Gig
Popular Technologies
se-CX
a
ap
R
dI
i
8
O
G
/16 2
Infiniband
b
HyperTranspor
2.5Gb
t 1
.6Gb
SAT
1.5Gb)
A (
Differential Slew Rates
USB 2.0
1–7
Figure 1-5
20.0
18.0
16.0
14.0
12.0
10.0
8.0
6.0
Edge Slew Rates (V/nS) +
4.0
2.0
0.0
s
e
PCI Expr
RapidIO S
**
(3GIO)
s
rial 3.125Gb
e
10Gb
XAUI (4x3.125Gb)
E
Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
Slew Rate Requirements for Different Technologies
Slew Rates of Popular Technologies Compared to Maximum Probe Slew Rates
Maximum Probe Single-ended Slew Rate (18 V/nS)
***
394b
1
Fibre Channel 2125
hernet 1000
t
E
t
gabi
i
G
*
Gb
2
16
ase-CX
/
B
pidIO 8
Ra
Infinib
Popular Technologies
**
**
b
b
G
nd
a
Hype
2.5
Tran
r
G
6
.5
1.
1
t
(
r
o
A
p
s
AT
S
Gb)
USB
D
2.0
DR
/
66
/2
00
2
333PCI
P-8X
G
A
* Measurement of one side of
differential signal
Single-ended Slew Rates
+
Maximum Edge Amplitude 0.6×
--------------------------------------------------------------------------Minimum 20% to 80% Rise Time
1–8
Figure 1-6
Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
Recommended Configurations Overview
Recommended Configurations Overview
The recommended configurations are designed to give the best probe performance for different
probing situations. The probe configurations are shown in the order of the best performance to
the least performance.
1 Solder-in Differential Probe Head (full bandwidth resistors)
This configuration has a bandwidth of greater than 7 GHz (see the graphs starting on page 1-19).
The configuration consists of the following parts:
• E2677A — Solder-in Differential Probe Head
• 01131-81510 — 91 Ω mini-axial lead resistors (2 each)
The 01131-81510 resistor has been trimmed and formed as per template 01131-94311.
1–9
Figure 1-7
Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
Recommended Configurations Overview
2 Socketed Differential Probe Head (full bandwidth resistors)
This configuration has a bandwidth of greater than 7 GHz (see the graphs starting on page 1-22).
This configuration consists of the following parts:
• E2678A — Socketed Differential Probe Head
• 01130-81506 — 82 Ω axial lead resistors (2 each)
The 01130-81506 resistor has been trimmed and formed as per template 01131-94308.
1–10
Figure 1-8
Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
Recommended Configurations Overview
3 Differential Browser Probe Head
This configuration has a bandwidth approximately equal to 6 GHz (see the graphs starting on
page 1-25). This configuration consists of the following parts:
• E2675A — Differential Browser Probe Head
• 01131-62102 — 91 Ω resistor probe tips (2 each)
1–11
Figure 1-9
Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
Recommended Configurations Overview
4 Solder-in Single-ended Probe Head (full bandwidth resistors)
This configuration has a bandwidth approximately equal to 5.2 GHz (see the graphs starting on
page 1-28). This configuration consists of the following parts:
• E2679A — Solder-in Single-ended Probe Head
• 01131-81510 — 91 Ω mini-axial lead resistor
• 01131-81504 — 0 Ω mini-axial lead resistor
The 01131-81510 and 01131-81504 resistors have been trimmed and formed as per template
01131-94311.
1–12
Figure 1-10
Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
Recommended Configurations Overview
5 Single-ended Browser Probe Head
This configuration has a bandwidth approximately equal to 5.5 GHz (see the graphs starting on
page 1-31). This configuration consists of the following parts:
• E2676A — Single-ended Browser Probe Head
• 01131-62102 — 91 Ω resistor probe tip
• 01130-60005 — Ground collar assembly
1–13
Figure 1-11
Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
Recommended Configurations Overview
6 Solder-in Differential Probe Head (medium bandwidth resistor)
This configuration has a bandwidth approximately equal to 2.9 GHz (see the graphs starting on
page 1-34). This configuration consists of the following parts:
• E2677A — Solder-in Differential Probe Head
• 01131-81506 — 150 Ω mini-axial lead resistors (2 each)
The 01131-81506 resistor has been trimmed and formed as per template 01131-94308.
1–14
Figure 1-12
Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
Recommended Configurations Overview
7 Solder-in Single-ended Probe Head (medium bandwidth resistor)
This configuration has a bandwidth approximately equal to 2.2 GHz (see the graphs starting on
page 1-37). This configuration consists of the following parts:
• E2679A — Solder-in Single-ended Probe Head
• 01131-81506 — 150 Ω mini-axial lead resistor
• 01131-81504 — 0 Ω mini-axial lead resistor
The 01131-81506 and 01131-81504 resistors have been trimmed and formed as per template
01131-94308.
1–15
Figure 1-13
Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
Recommended Configurations Overview
8 Socketed Differential Probe Head with damped wire accessory
This configuration has a bandwidth approximately equal to 1.2 GHz (see the graphs starting on
page 1-40). This configuration consists of the following parts:
• E2678A — Socketed Differential Probe Head
• 01130-21302 — 160 Ω damped wire accessory (2 each)
1–16
Differential and Single-ended Probe Configurations
Recommended configurations at a glance
Recommended configurations at a glance
Table 1-2
1
Probe Head Configurations Band
1 Solder-in differential
(full bandwidth resistors)
2 Socketed differential
(full bandwidth resistors)
3 Differential browser ~ 6 0.32 0.57 1-25 • Differential and Single-ended signals
4 Solder-in single-ended
(full bandwidth resistors)
5 Single-ended browser ~ 5.5 N/A 0.65 1-31 • Single-ended signals only
6 Solder-in differential
(medium bandwidth resistors)
7 Solder-in single-ended
(medium bandwidth resistors)
width
(GHz)
> 7 0.27 0.44 1-19 • Differential and Single-ended signals
> 7 0.34 0.56 1-22 • Differential and Single-ended signals
~ 5.2 N/A 0.50 1-28 • Single-ended signals only
~ 2.9 0.33 0.52 1-34 • Differential and Single-ended signals
~ 2.2 N/A 0.58 1-37 • Single-ended signals only
Cdiff
(pF)
Cse 2
(pF)
Starting
Page of
Performance
Graphs
Usage
• Solder-in hands free connection
• Hard to reach targets
• Very small fine pitch targets
• Characterization
• Removable connection using solder-in
resistor pins
• Hard to reach targets
• Hand-held browsing
• Probe holders
• General purpose troubleshooting
• Ergonomic handle available
• Solder-in hands free connection when
physical size is critical
• Hard to reach targets
• Very small fine pitch targets
• Hand or probe holder where physical size is
critical
• General purpose troubleshooting
• Ergonomic handle available
• Solder-in hands free connection
• Larger span and reach than #1
• Very small fine pitch targets
• Solder-in hands free connection when
physical size is critical
• Larger span and reach than #4
• Hard to reach targets
• Very small fine pitch targets
8 Socketed differential with
damped wire accessories
1
Capacitance seen by differential signals
2
Capacitance seen by single-ended signals
~ 1.2 0.63 0.95 1-40 • Differential and Single-ended signals
• For very wide spaced targets
• Connection to 25 mil square pins when used
with supplied sockets
1–17
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