Page 1
Precision Industrial AC/DC Amplier
7114
Operator’s Manual
574.295.9495 | www.aetechron.com
2507 Warren Street, Elkhart, IN 46516
Page 2
Limited One-Year Warranty
SUMMARY OF WARRANTY
AE TECHRON INC. of Elkhart, Indiana (Warrantor) war-
rants to you, the ORIGINAL COMMERCIAL PURCHASER
ONLY of each NEW AE TECHRON INC. product, for a
period of one (1) year from the date of purchase, by the
original purchaser (warranty period) that the product
is free of defects in materials or workmanship and will
meet or exceed all advertised specications for such a
product. This warranty does not extend to any subsequent purchaser or user, and automatically terminates
upon your sale or other disposition of our product.
ITEMS EXCLUDED FROM WARRANTY
We are not responsible for product failure caused by
misuse, accident or neglect. This warranty does not
extend to any product on which the serial number has
been defaced, altered, or removed. It does not cover
damage to loads or any other products or accessories
resulting from AE TECHRON INC. product failure. It does
not cover defects or damage caused by the use of unau-
thorized modications, accessories, parts, or service.
WHAT WE WILL DO
We will remedy, at our sole discretion, any defect in
materials or workmanship by repair, replacement, or
refund. If a refund is elected, you must make the defective or malfunctioning component available to us free
and clear of all liens or other encumbrances. The refund
will be equal to the actual purchase price, not includ-
ing interest, insurance, closing costs, and other nance
charges less a reasonable depreciation on the product
from the date of original purchase. Warranty work can
only be performed at our authorized service centers or
at our factory. Expenses in remedying the defect will be
borne by AE TECHRON INC., including one-way surface
freight shipping costs within the United States. (Purchaser must bear the expense of shipping the product
between any foreign country and the port of entry in the
United States and all taxes, duties, and other customs
fees for such foreign shipments.)
HOW TO OBTAIN WARRANTY SERVICE
When you notify us of your need for warranty service,
we will give you an authorization to return the product
for service. All components must be shipped in a factory
pack or equivalent which, if needed, may be obtained
from us for a nominal charge. We will take corrective actions within a reasonable time of the date of receipt of
the defective product. If the repairs made by us are not
satisfactory, notify us immediately.
DISCLAIMER OF CONSEQUENTIAL AND
INCIDENTAL DAMAGES
You are not entitled to recover from us any consequential or incidental damages resulting from any defect in
our product. This includes any damage to another product or products resulting from such a defect.
WARRANTY ALTERATIONS
No person has the authority to enlarge, amend, or
modify this warranty. The warranty is not extended by
the length of time for which you are deprived of the use
of this product. Repairs and replacement parts provided
under the terms of this warranty shall carry only the
unexpired portion of this warranty.
DESIGN CHANGES
We reserve the right to change the design of any
product from time to time without notice and with no
obligation to make corresponding changes in products
previously manufactured.
LEGAL REMEDIES OF PURCHASER
There is no warranty that extends beyond the terms
hereof. This written warranty is given in lieu of any oral
or implied warranties not contained herein. We disclaim
all implied warranties, including, without limitation, any
warranties of merchantability or tness for a particular
purpose. No action to enforce this Warranty shall be
commenced later than ninety (90) days after expiration
of the warranty period.
AE Techron, Inc.
Customer Service Department
2507 Warren Street
Elkhart, IN 46516
U.S.A.
574.295.9495
www.aetechron.com
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Contents
1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................5
2 Amplier Unpacking and Installation ..............................................................................................6
2.1 Safety First ............................................................................................................................6
2.2 Unpacking .............................................................................................................................6
2.3 Installation .............................................................................................................................6
3 Connections and Startup ...............................................................................................................7
3.1 Controlled Current Operation ................................................................................................7
3.2 Connecting the Load .............................................................................................................7
3.3 Connecting the Input Signal .................................................................................................. 7
3.4 Connecting the AC Supply ....................................................................................................8
3.5 Start-up Procedures ..............................................................................................................8
4 Operation .....................................................................................................................................9
4.1 Front-Panel Controls .............................................................................................................9
4.2 Front-Panel Indicators ......................................................................................................... 10
4.3 Connectors .......................................................................................................................... 11
5 Advanced Conguration ...............................................................................................................13
5.1 Internal Jumpers and Settings.............................................................................................13
6 Applications ..................................................................................................................................16
6.1 RAIL V Settings for Increased Voltage or Current ...............................................................16
6.2 Remote Status and Control using the DB-9 Connector.......................................................16
6.3 Controlled Current Operation ..............................................................................................18
6.4 Using the 7114 as a Battery Simulator/Four-Quadrant Supply ...........................................22
6.5 Using the 7114 for Overvoltage Testing ..............................................................................22
6.6 Using the 7114 for PSRR Measurements ...........................................................................23
6.7 Using the 7114 for Ampler CMRR Measurements .............................................................26
6.8 Using the 7114 to Create Complex Waveforms ..................................................................27
7 Maintenance ................................................................................................................................28
7.1 Clean Filter and Grills .......................................................................................................... 28
8 Troubleshooting ...........................................................................................................................29
8.1 Introduction & Precautions ..................................................................................................29
8.2 Visual Inspection .................................................................................................................29
8.3 No Signal ............................................................................................................................. 29
8.4 No Power/Power Switch Not Illuminated ............................................................................. 29
8.5 Fault LED is Illuminated ......................................................................................................30
8.6 Factory Service ...................................................................................................................31
9 Specications ............................................................................................................................... 32
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7114 OPERATOR’S MANUAL – SECTION 1
Figure 1.1 – 7114 Front and Back Panels
1 Introduction
Congratulations on your purchase of a 7114
precision industrial AC/DC amplier. AE Techron’s
7114 amplier is a 400-VA, 4-quadrant, AC and
DC amplier that provides exceptional versatility and value. Compact size, user congurability,
DC-Max™ topology, and AE Techron toughness
makes the 7114 the ideal lab partner for automotive conducted immunity testing, PSRR testing, or
any application where more voltage or current is
needed than is available from the signal source.
Compact Power
The 7114 weighs just 20 pounds and ts into onehalf of a 2U rack space, but still can output up to
400 watts RMS continuous. This makes the 7114 a
great choice when size or portability are important
selection criteria.
Versatile
Front panel user controls give the 7114 a wide
range of possible uses; gain, maximum current,
and DC oset can be xed or innetely varied. The
choice of AC or DC coupling makes it suitable both
for DC applications and for driving objects like coupling transformers or piezo elements that shouldn’t
see DC. All controls can be turned o when only
a durable, high-current amplier or DC source
is needed. Or each function can be individually
enabled to provide the unique set of capabilities
needed at the moment.
The 7114 can supply a xed DC voltage indenitely, making it essential for DC power tests lasting
minutes or hours.
Features
• 15A DC and capable of reproducing
500 kHz ripple or < 4μs dropout/pulses.
• User-variable DC offset: ±20V or ±45V.
• User-adjustable current limit: 25A to 1A.
• Compact 1/2-rack width, 2U height;
weighs only 20 lbs.
• Four-quadrant operation.
• AC/DC coupled.
• AE Techron Tough: Protection from over-
temperature, over-current, over/under
supply voltages; will drive capacitive
and inductive loads.
It can also produce a DC output without an input
signal and independent of amplier gain. When an
inexpensive function generator is added, the 7114
becomes a versatile test solution providing DC
with both ripple and dropout.
DC-Max™
7114 is built with our new DC-Max topology. Ampliers with DC-Max have long term DC power that
is more than 40% greater than traditional designs.
This increased DC performance better matches
the power requirements found in DC conducted
immunity and PSRR testing.
AE Techron Toughness
The 7114 is compact in size, but it is designed
using the same conservative design rules and
protection systems that have made AE Techron
ampliers the toughest audio bandwidth ampliers
available.
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2 Amplier Unpacking and
Installation
7114 OPERATOR’S MANUAL – SECTION 2
The 7114 amplier is a precision instrument that
can be dangerous if not handled properly. Lethal
voltages are present in both the AC input supply
and the output of the amplier. For this reason,
safety should be your primary concern when you
setup and operate this product.
2.1 Safety First
Throughout this manual special emphasis is
placed on good safety practices. The following
graphics are used to highlight certain topics that
require extra precaution.
DANGER
DANGER represents the most severe
hazard alert. Extreme bodily harm or
death will occur if these guidelines are
not followed. Note the explanation of the
hazard and instruction for avoiding it.
WARNING
Along with any additional accessories purchased
by the customer, all 7114 models ship with the following:
• 7114 Amplifier
• Power Cord
• 7114 Operator’s Manual (on USB drive) and
7114 Quick Start sheet
2.3 Installation
The 7114 amplier is packaged in a rugged powder-coated steel chassis. This chassis is 2U (rack
units) tall and has a width one-half of a standard
EIA (Electronic Industries Association) rack. It
can be rack mounted using a custom rack shelf/
adapter (not supplied). This adapter can be used
to mount one unit (with an adjacent opening for
storage) or two units side-by-side in a single 2U
height rack space. Use standard rack mounting
hardware to mount the unit. Use nylon washers if
you wish to protect the powder-coat nish on the
front of the product.
WARNING alerts you to hazards that
could result in severe injury or death.
Note the explanation of the hazard and
the instructions for avoiding it.
CAUTION
CAUTION indicates hazards that could
result in potential injury or equipment
or property damage. Once again, note
the explanation of the hazard and the
instructions for avoiding it.
2.2 Unpacking
All units are tested and inspected for damage
before leaving the factory. Carefully unpack and
inspect the amplier for damage. Please note
any damage for future reference and notify the
shipping company immediately if damage is
found. Also, please save the shipping carton and
materials as evidence of damage and/or for returning the unit for repair.
Optionally, the unit can be placed on a bench top;
please keep in mind that the protective powdercoating can be scratched when other equipment is
placed on it, especially when there is dirt present.
Allow ample space on the sides and especially the
back of the amplier for heated air to escape. The
unit should be mounted in a rack that is adequately
ventilated and not sealed. Likewise, the front of
the unit should be unobstructed to allow cool air to
enter the amplier.
CAUTION
Do not operate the amplier in a small
sealed chamber of any kind. Improper
operations and overheating will result.
6
Information subject to change
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7114 OPERATOR’S MANUAL – SECTION 3
3 Connections and Startup
This section details the wiring and startup procedures for a 7114 amplier operating in ControlledVoltage mode (factory default). Before connecting
the unit, make sure the AC power cord is unplugged.
3.1 Controlled Current Operation
IMPORTANT: If your application requires Con-
trolled Current operation, the 7114 rst should be
wired and tested in Controlled-Voltage mode to
verify that the input signal and the amplied output
are operating correctly. Once proper operation is
conrmed, refer to the Applications section of this
manual for instructions on conguring and operating your product in Controlled-
Current mode.
WARNING
ELECTRIC SHOCK HAZARD.
Output potentials can be lethal. Make
connections only with AC Power OFF
and input signals removed.
Figure 3.1 – Connecting the Load
3.3 Connecting the Input Signal
Two front-panel input connectors are available
on the product’s front panel: an unbalanced Input
BNC jack and a balanced Input “WECO” terminal
block connector. Connection should be made to
the unbalanced or balanced input connector as
shown in Figure 3.2. Use cables that are high
quality and shielded to minimize noise and to
guard against possible feedback.
3.2 Connecting the Load
3.2.1 Preparation and Cautions
Before connecting the unit, make sure the AC
power is disconnected.
Always use the appropriate wire size and insulation for the maximum current and voltage expected
at the output. Never connect the output of the
amplier to any other model amplier, power supply, signal source, or other inappropriate load; re
can result.
3.2.2 Connecting the Outputs
Connection to the output of the unit is to 5-way
binding posts located on the product’s front panel.
The output connection can be made using tinned
wire up to 12 AWG in size. Bare wire, pin connectors, spade terminals or banana plug terminators
can be used. Connect the load across the positive
and negative output terminals. See Figure 3.1.
Figure 3.2 – Wiring for Unbalanced or
Balanced Input Connector
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The product also can receive input signal through
the back-panel DB-9 connector. In addition to
signal input, this connector can be used for remote
control and monitoring applications. Please refer to
the Applications section of this manual for information on using the DB-9 connector.
The 7114 can receive input signal simultaneously
from all three input connectors, allowing for the
creation of complex input waveforms from up to
three separate input devices. Please refer to the
Applications section of this manual for information on complex waveform creation.
3.4 Connecting the AC Supply
The power cord connects to a standard 15A 3-pin
IEC-type male connector on the back panel (see
Figure 3.3). Make sure the power switch on the
front panel is switched to the OFF (O) position.
Make sure the power cord is inserted and seated
fully into the IEC connector by moving it slightly
back and forth and up and down while pushing
in. The power cord is relatively sti and should be
routed so that there is no excessive force pulling to
the sides or up or down that would stress the pins
or internal connections.
7114 OPERATOR’S MANUAL – SECTION 3
Figure 3.3 – Closeup of AC Mains Outlet
3.5 Start-up Procedures
1. If an input signal source is required, connect the signal source and turn down the
input signal level.
2. If a DC supply is required, push the Oset
switch to enable the Variable oset, then
use the Oset variable control knob to
select the desired DC supply.
3. Depress the POWER switch to turn the
unit ON.
4. Turn up the level of your signal source until
the green SIGNAL LED is lit (>300 mV).
5. Turn up the variable Gain control on the
amplier (if enabled) until the desired voltage or power level is achieved.
6. Adjust the input signal level to achieve the
desired output level.
8
Information subject to change
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7114 OPERATOR’S MANUAL – SECTION 4
Figure 4.1 – Front Panel Controls, Indicators and Connectors
4 Operation
4.1 Front-Panel Controls
This section provides an overview of Front-Panel
controls found on the 7114 amplier. See Figure
4.1 for control locations.
4.1.1 POWER Switch
The lighted rocker POWER switch controls the AC
mains power to the unit. Switch to the ON position
(|) to turn the unit on. The switch’s internal LED will
light. Switch to the OFF position (O) to turn the unit
o. See Figure 4.1.
4.1.2 Push Button Switches and
Variable Control Knobs
The 7114 uses push button switches to toggle
between functions. For each switch, press the
button to place the switch in the DOWN position.
Press the button again to place the switch in the
UP position.
I LIMIT
The I LIMIT button-switch toggles the selection of
xed or variable current limit. When the switch is in
the UP position, a xed, 25A current limit is enabled. When the switch is in the DOWN position,
the current limit can be varied between 1A and 25A
using the variable control knob located below the
I LIMIT switch. Use the Current Limit setting when
testing to protect delicate devices from possible
over-current conditions.
COUPLING
The COUPLING button-switch toggles the selection of DC or AC coupling. When the switch is in
the UP position, the unit can receive and amplify
both DC and AC signal. When the switch is in the
DOWN position, a low-pass lter will prevent the
transmission of DC signal (-3dB at 5.5 Hz).
OFFSET
The OFFSET button-switch toggles the selection
of DC oset to none or variable. When the switch
is in the UP position, the DC oset of the unit will
be zero. When the switch is in the DOWN position, the DC oset can be varied between ±20V
using the variable control knob located below the
OFFSET switch. The unit also can be congured
for a variable oset of ±45V. See the Advanced
Conguration section in this manual for more
information.
RAIL V
The RAIL V button-switch toggles the selection
of low- or high-rail operation. When this switch is
in the UP position (default), the unit will operate
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7114 OPERATOR’S MANUAL – SECTION 4
with the power supply rails in a series conguration for high-voltage output. When this switch is in
the DOWN position, the unit will operate with the
power supply rails in a parallel conguration for
high-current output. This will result in a maximum
voltage potential of 90V (high-rail) or 45V (lowrail). For more information on how to set the RAIL
V switch for increased voltage or current, see the
Applications section.
NOTE: If the RAIL V switch setting is changed
from high to low rails while the unit is operating,
the output signal may clip.
GAIN
The GAIN button-switch toggles the selection of
xed or variable gain. When the switch is in the UP
position, a xed gain of 10X is enabled. When the
switch is in the DOWN position, the gain can be
varied between 0-10X using the variable control
knob located below the GAIN switch.
4.2 Front-Panel Indicators
Three status indicators are located on the front
panel. See Figure 4.1 for component locations.
4.2.1 SIGNAL Indicator
The SIGNAL LED indicates the unit is powered
and receiving an input signal above 300 mV.
4.2.2 OVLD Indicator
The OVLD LED indicates that the output of the unit
could not follow the input signal due to voltage or
current limits.
To correct the overload condition, turn down the
level of the input signal and/or the gain control on
the front panel until the OVLD LED turns o.
4.2.3 FAULT Indicator
The FAULT indicator will light when any one of four
conditions occurs:
Over-temperature Condition
The FAULT indicator may light when the unit’s
thermal switches and/or transformers have over-
heated.
When an over-temperature condition occurs, the
unit’s fans will continuously operate at high speed
until the over-temperature condition is resolved.
Turn down your input signal and allow the fans
to operate at high speed until they automatically
switch to low-speed operation, indicating the unit
has cooled enough to resume operation. Then
cycle the power switch to return the unit to normal
operation. If the unit does not return to normal
operation, it may require servicing. Please see the
Troubleshooting section for more information.
NOTE: If the unit’s transformers have overheated,
the fans will typically need to operate at high
speed for at least 10-15 minutes in order to resolve
the over-temperature condition.
Over-voltage Condition
The FAULT indicator may light when the AC mains
voltage is more than +10% of nominal.
To clear an over-voltage fault condition, the AC
mains must be brought down to the nominal value.
Once the over-voltage condition has been cleared,
cycle the power switch to return the unit to normal
operation. If it does not return to normal operation, the unit may require servicing. Please see the
Troubleshooting section for more information.
Overload Condition
If the unit’s internal Overload Latch jumper setting
has been changed from the factory default and
congured for unit shut down when an overload
condition occurs, the FAULT indicator will light
when an overload condition occurs.
To clear the fault-at-overload condition, turn down
your input signal, and then cycle the unit’s power
switch to return it to normal operation.
Please refer to the Advanced Conguration section for more information on the Overload Latch
jumper and fault-at-overload setting.
Component Failure
The FAULT indicator may light when an output
transistor or other component has failed.
10
Information subject to change
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7114 OPERATOR’S MANUAL – SECTION 4
Figure 4.2 – Back Panel Connectors
If the unit does not return to normal operation after
correcting or ruling out over-temperature, overvoltage and overload conditions, it may require
servicing. Please see the Troubleshooting sec-
tion for more information.
4.3 Connectors
This section provides an overview of the connectors found on the 7114 amplier. Please refer to
Figures 4.1 and 4.2 for visual locations.
4.3.1 Input Connectors
The 7114 provides two front-panel and one backpanel connector for signal input. The front-panel
BNC connector provides unbalanced input, while
the front-panel WECO and the back-panel DB-9
connectors provide balanced input.
Signal input can occur from one, two, or all three
connectors simultaneously. In addition, a DC
oset signal can be added, allowing for the control and amplication of a wide range of complex
waveforms. See the Applications section of this
manual for more information.
Unbalanced BNC Connector
The unbalanced BNC connector is located on the
unit’s front panel to the right of the Power switch.
It provides standard unbalanced signal input. See
Figure 4.3 for connector wiring.
Figure 4.3 – BNC Connector Wiring
Figure 4.4 – WECO Connector Wiring
Balanced WECO Connector
The balanced WECO connector is located on the
unit’s front panel to the right of the Power switch. It
provides balanced signal input. See Figure 4.4 for
connector wiring.
DB-9 Connector
The DB-9 connector is located on the unit’s back
panel. It provides balanced signal input. See Fig-
ure 4.5 for connector input wiring.
In addition to signal input, the DB-9 connector can
be used for remote monitoring and control func-
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tions. See the Applications section of this manual
for more information.
4.3.2 Output Connectors
The 7114 provides a pair of 5-way binding post
connectors for signal output. Connection can be
made using banana plug connectors, pin connectors, lug terminals, alligator clips, or bare wire. The
output connectors accept up to 12 AWG wire. See
Figure 4.6 for connector output wiring.
When building output wiring cables, keep these
tips in mind:
7114 OPERATOR’S MANUAL – SECTION 4
• For best performance, especially for highfrequency applications, keep output wire cables
as short as possbile.
• To minimize inductance, twist the + and - wire
leads together.
• For high current applications, make sure to use
a heavy-gauge wire to avoid excessive voltage
drops.
Figure 4.5 – DB-9 Connector Wiring
Figure 4.6 – Output Connector Wiring
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7114 OPERATOR’S MANUAL – SECTION 5
5 Advanced Conguration
The 7114 was designed to oer great versatility in
operation. You can choose from several advanced
eld-congurable options, including:
• Set the Current Limit to apply to AC waveforms
only instead of the default which applies the
Current Limit to both AC and DC.
• Change the maximum DC Offset adjustment
from ±20V to ±45V for finer control of the variable DC Offset setting.
• Change the mode of operation from ControlledVoltage to Controlled-Current to operate the
unit as a voltage-controlled current source.
• Configure the amplifier to signal a Fault condition when an overload condition occurs.
5.1 Internal Jumpers and Settings
The 7114 contains two “daughter card” circuit
boards; each board connects to the main board
through two 20-pin, non-locking connectors. All
advanced conguration settings are made on the
outer-most daughter card, labeled “7100 Controller.”
5.1.1 Removing the 7100 Controller
Circuit Board
Figure 5.1 – Cover Screw Locations
1. Remove power from the unit and disconnect
any load from the outputs. Wait a minimum of
three minutes to allow the unit’s capacitors to
discharge.
2. Use a #1 Phillips screwdriver to remove the
twelve (12) Phillips-head screws, as shown in
Figure 5.1.
3. Slide the cover towards the back of the unit,
and then lift the cover straight up to remove
and set aside.
4. To replace the top cover, slide the cover in
to place on the unit and replace the twelve
screws.
Top Cover Removal
Tool Required
#1 Phillips screwdriver
Procedure
Uninsulated terminals with AC mains potential are exposed when the top cover
is removed. Do not proceed until the unit
has been turned o and the AC Mains
has been disconnected.
After turning the unit o, let the unit
sit for 3-5 minutes before removing the
top cover. This will allow the electrical
charge in the power supply capacitors to
discharge.
DANGER
CAUTION
Figure 5.2 – 7114 Controller Board Location
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Figure 5.3 – 7100 Controller Board Jumper Locations
Controller Board Removal
Procedure
1. Locate the 7100 Controller card as shown in
Figure 5.2.
2. Remove the two jack nuts from the DB9 Control Port connector on the back panel.
3. Firmly pull straight up on the card to disconnect
it from the two 20-pin connectors.
4. To replace the board, position the 20-pin connectors located on the 7100 Controller card
over the matching 20-pin connectors located
on the 7100-series main board. Push gently
but rmly to seat the card into place in the connectors.
5. Replace the jack nuts on the DB9 Control Port
connector.
5.1.2 Jumper Settings on the 7100 Controller
Board
Refer to Figure 5.3 for 7100 Controller Board
jumper locations.
Current Limit Eect
The current limit setting (I LIMIT) will aect both
AC and DC waveforms (factory default). To congure the unit for a current limit that aects only AC
waveforms, move the shunts at jumper J12 to the
positions shown in the AC only setting shown in
Figure 5.4.
7114 OPERATOR’S MANUAL – SECTION 5
Figure 5.4 – Current Limit Jumper Settings
Controlled Mode
By default, the 7114 operates in Controlled-Voltage
mode. In Controlled-Voltage mode, the unit’s
output voltage will be controlled by its input voltage signal. The 7114 can be congured to operate
CAUTION
In Controlled-Current Mode, the load is part of the amplication circuit, and the relationship of the load to this circuit is
critical. For proper and safe operation in Controlled-Current
mode, you must observe the following guidelines:
1. Properly attach a load before operating the unit.
2. DO NOT use a blocking capacitor. The load must have a
DC path.
3. Never leave the load open. If you feel the load must be
fused, which could lead to a potential open circuit, please
contact AE Techron Technical Support.
4. Make sure the load has some inductive component.
5. Provide appropriate compensation for the load.
6. If oscillation occurs, turn o the unit immediately.
Failure to follow these guidelines may result
in damage to the amplier or the load.
14
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7114 OPERATOR’S MANUAL – SECTION 5
in Controlled-Current mode. In Controlled-Current
mode, the unit’s output current will be controlled by
its input voltage signal.
IMPORTANT: Controlled-Current operation re-
quires the use of a compensation network, and the
7114’s default compensation network may not be
suitable for your application. For more information
on Controlled-Current operation, including how to
determine and congure a custom compensation
network, see the Applications section.
To congure the amplier for Controlled-Current
operation, locate jumper J4 and remove the shunt
from pins 1 and 2 (factory default). Place the
shunt across pins 2 and 3 to place the product in
Controlled-Current mode.
Compensation Network
When the 7114 is used in Controlled-Current
mode, the current control loop is tuned with an
RC network. The factory default network (CC1)
provides 75k ohm resistance and 47 nF capaci-
tance. If this default network is not adequate for
your application and load, CC2 can be used to
install a custom RC network.
To change the compensation network, locate jumper J11. When pins 1 and 2 are shunted (factory
default), network CC1 is enabled (75k ohm and
47 nF). To select network CC2, place the shunt on
jumper J11 across pins 2 and 3.
Remove the shunt from jumper J3 to disable both
CC1 and CC2 networks. A small feedback capacitor remains in the circuit to provide stability when
operating into an 8-ohm load. For more information
on Controlled-Current operation and installing a
custom RC network, see the “Applications” section of this manual.
Maximum Oset
When variable DC oset is selected using the
OFFSET button, DC can be oset by ±20V (factory
default). To change the default setting to extend
the maximum variable DC oset to ±45V, remove
the shunt over pins 1 and 2 of jumper J9.
Overload Latch
When an overload condition occurs, the unit’s
OVLD LED will illuminate, but it will continue to
amplify the input signal. To congure the unit to enter Fault mode when an overload condition occurs,
place the shunt over pins 1 and 2 of jumper J6.
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6 Applications
6.1 RAIL V Settings for Increased
Voltage or Current
The 7114 features a bi-level power supply that
contains two secondary transformers. The secondary rails of each transformer can be placed in a
series or parallel conguration, as shown in Figure
6.1, providing the option for operating in High
Voltage mode (increased voltage) or High Current
mode (increased current).
As shipped from the factory, the 7114 is set to operate with the transformer rails congured in series,
providing a voltage potential of 90V. This conguration works well for high-voltage applications.
For high-current applications requiring a lower
voltage potential, press the RAIL V switch to place
the transformer rails in parallel. This will result in a
maximum voltage potential of 45V.
7114 OPERATOR’S MANUAL – SECTION 6
Refer to the Specications section of this manual
for maximum voltage and current capabilities when
running in High Voltage or High Current modes.
6.2 Remote Status and Control using
the DB-9 Connector
The procedures outlined in this section assume
competence on the part of the reader in terms of
power supplies, amplier systems, electronic components, and good electronic safety and working
practices.
AE Techron 7114 ampliers have a DB-9 connector on the back panel that can be used to provide
remote control and monitoring of the unit.
The information provided here will instruct you in
the wiring of several control and status applications including:
• Balanced Signal Input
• Remote Emergency Stop/Fast Mute/Blanking
• Fault status
• Current monitor
Figure 6.1 – RAIL V Switch Settings Comparison
Figure 6.2 – DB-9 Control Port Pinouts
Figure 6.2 maps the pins used for these applications.
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7114 OPERATOR’S MANUAL – SECTION 6
6.2.1 Balanced Signal Input
You can use the DB-9 Control Port located on the
back panel of the unit as an additional balanced
signal input. This input can be used simultaneously
with the front panel unbalanced BNC and/or balanced WECO inputs.
Signal Input
Purpose: Use the DB-9 Control Port as an alternate or additional signal input.
Method: Connect to your signal input device using
Pin 1 (signal +), Pin 2 (signal –) and Pin 3 (ground)
to a DB-9 connector. See Figure 6.3.
Signal Type: AC
Level when Asserted: 10 V maximum
Level when Deasserted: 0 V
6.2.2 Emergency Stop/Fast Mute/Blanking
Purpose: Use switch or optocoupler to remotely
mute the unit.
Method: Assert 5-15VDC between Pin 5 (Blanking
Ground) and Pin 4 (Blanking Input) to activate the
blanking feature. See Figure 6.4.
Signal Type: DC
Level when Asserted: 5 - 15V
Level when Deasserted: 0V
Note: The unit’s output is muted when asserted.
Normal operation when deasserted.
Blanking input is opto-isolated and requires a
ground which Pin 5 (Blanking Ground) provides.
Figure 6.3 – Balanced Input Wiring
on DB-9 Control Port
6.2.3 Remote Fault Status Monitor
Using the DB-9 Control Port located on the back
panel, you can remotely monitor the Fault status of
the unit.
Remote Fault Status
Purpose: Remote LED, when lit, signals a Fault
condition.
Method: Supply 5-15VDC to an LED between Pin
7 (Fault Ground) and Pin 6 (Fault). See Figure
6.5.
Signal Type: DC
Level when Asserted: Closed through 2 kΩ resis-
tor.
Level when Deasserted: Open
Note: Internal 2 kΩ resistor is in series with an
opto-isolated transistor that acts as a switch for
Fault status. The Fault input is opto-isolated and
requires a ground which Pin 7 (Fault Ground)
provides.
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Figure 6.4 – Emergency Stop/Fast Mute/Blanking
Application Wiring on DB-9 Control Port
Figure 6.5 – Remote Fault Monitor
Application Wiring on DB-9 Control Port
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6.2.4 Remote Current Monitor
Using the DB-9 Control Port located on the back
panel, you can remotely monitor the current output
of the unit.
Remote Monitoring of Current Output
Purpose: Use a voltage meter to monitor output
current.
Method: Connect a voltage meter to monitor the
output current being produced by the unit. Connect across PIN 8 (I MON+) and PIN 9 (Analog
Ground). See Figure 6.6.
Signal Type: AC & DC
Level: 5A/V
6.3 Controlled Current Operation
The procedures outlined in this section assume
competence on the part of the reader in terms of
power supplies, amplier systems, electronic components, and good electronic safety and working
practices.
7114 OPERATOR’S MANUAL – SECTION 6
Figure 6.6 – Remote Current Monitor
Application Wiring on DB-9 Control Port
6.3.1 Controlled-Voltage vs. Controlled-
Current Modes of Operation
AE Techron 7114 amplier can be eld-congured
to operate as a Voltage Amplier (Voltage-Con-
trolled Voltage Source) or as a Transconductance
Amplier (Voltage-Controlled Current Source).
The mode selection is made via jumpers on the
unit’s controller daughter card. See the Advanced
Conguration section for more information.
When congured as a Controlled-Voltage source
(voltage amplier), the amplier will provide an
output voltage that is constant and proportional
to the control (input) voltage. If the load’s impedance changes, the amplier will seek to maintain
this ratio of input to output voltage by increasing or
decreasing the current it produces, as long as it is
within the amplier’s ability to create the required
current. Use this mode if you want the output voltage waveform to be like the input waveform (see
Figure 6.7).
Conversely, when congured as a Controlled-
Current source (transconductance amplier), the
amplier will provide an output current that is con-
Figure 6.7 – Input to Output Comparison,
Controlled-Voltage Operation
Figure 6.8 – Input to Output Comparison,
Controlled-Current Operation
stant and proportional to the control (input) voltage. If the load’s impedance changes, the amplier
will seek to maintain this transconductance (ratio
of input voltage to output current) by increasing or
decreasing the voltage it produces, as long as it is
within the amplier’s ability to create the required
voltage. Use this mode if you want the output current waveform to be like the input waveform (see
Figure 6.8).
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7114 OPERATOR’S MANUAL – SECTION 6
6.3.2 Safety and Operation Considerations for
Controlled Current Operation
When an AE Techron 7114 amplier is congured
as a Controlled-Current source, care needs to
be exercised in its operation. Any voltage con-
trolled current source should never be turned
on without a load, (with some impedance, real
or eective) connected to its output terminals.
When asked to operate in this way, any current
source (including an AE Techron amplier) will increase its output voltage in an attempt to drive the
requested current into the load. In an open-circuit
condition, creating current ow will be impossible.
The current source will increase its output voltage
until it reaches its voltage limit. This is a potentially
dangerous condition for both the AE Techron amplier and for any user who might come in contact
with the amplier’s output terminals.
When operating in Controlled-Current (CC) mode,
a compensation circuit is required to ensure accurate output current. Since the load is a critical
circuit component in CC mode, the inductive and
resistive values of the load will determine the
required compensation values. While the factorydefault compensation setting will be sucient
for some applications, the compensation setting
may also be adjusted in the eld. The following
section describes methods for determining and
setting proper compensation when operating in
Controlled-Current mode.
6.3.3 Controlling Compensation for CC
Operation
The AE Techron 7114 amplier can be congured
for either Controlled Voltage (CV) or Controlled
Current (CC) mode of operation. When operating the amplier in Controlled Voltage (CV) mode,
compensation is not required. However, when operating in Controlled Current (CC) mode, the load
becomes an integral part of the system. In order
to ensure system stability and to control available
bandwidth, compensation via an RC network is
required for CC operation. The following steps will
allow you to compensate your unit for operation in
CC mode safely and eectively.
STEP 1: Check Amplier Operation in CV mode.
We recommend that you power-up and enable
the amplier in Controlled Voltage mode without
attaching a load before conguring for Controlled
Current operation. This will allow you to verify that
the input signal and the amplier are operating
correctly.
STEP 2: Determine Required Compensation.
When operating an amplier in Controlled-Current
mode, the load becomes an integral part of the
system. In order to determine the required compensation for your load, begin by consulting the
following table to determine the approximate com-
<200 µH >200 µH – <1 mH >1 mH
Compensation Capacitance (CC) 0.001 µF 0.01 µF 0.1 µF
NOTE: Load Resistance (R) is assumed to be <5 ohms.
Once this initial check is completed, power down
the amplier, attach your load, and locate and put
the shunt on Jumper J4 on the Controller daughter
card across pins 2 and 3 to place the unit in CC
mode. (Refer to the Advanced Conguration
section for more information.)
pensation capacitance (C) required based on the
inductance of your load. Note that these calculations are based on empirical measurements and
are approximent.
Load Inductance (L)
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7114 OPERATOR’S MANUAL – SECTION 6
STEP 3: Determine if Default or Custom Compensation is Required.
If your load inductance is between 200 microHenries and 1 milliHenry, and your load resistance
is less than 5 ohms, then you can likely use the
default compensation provided by the amplier’s
factory-installed RC network. This compensation
network is enabled by default when the Current
setting is selected on the Controlled Mode jumper.
STEP 4: (Optional) Verify Suitability of Default Compensation (CC1)
If desired, the following values of the components
contained in the default RC network can be used
with the formulas provided in STEP 5 below to
verify the suitability of the default compensation for
your uses.
STEP 5: Calculating Values for an RC Network for Custom Compensation
If the default RC network does not provide suitable
compensation for your intended load, you will need
to install a custom RC network that is matched
to your load. This network will require two components (a resistor (R) and a capacitor (C)) to be
installed on the unit’s Controller daughter card. To
calculate the approximate values required for each
component, use the following fomulas.
COMPENSATION FORMULAS:
To nd the value for the resistor (Rc) in the RC
network: Rc = 20,000 x 3.14 x L x BW
where:
If your load inductance falls outside of the midrange, or if your load resistance is greater than
5 ohms, then you must calculate your required
compensation. If, after calculating your required
compensation, you determine that the default compensation will be insucient for your load, then you
will need to calculate and then enable and install a
custom RC network. See STEP 5 below.
Compensation Resistor: 75k ohms
Compensation Capacitor: 47 nF
Parallel Capacitor: 100 pF
Rc is compensation resistance in ohms.
L is load inductance in henries.
BW is bandwidth in hertz.
To nd the value for the capacitor (Cc) in the
RC network: Cc = L/ (R x Rc)
where:
Cc is compensation capacitance in farads.
L is load inductance in henries.
R is resistance of load in ohms.
Rc is compensation resistance in ohms.
STEP 6: Installing and Enabling the Custom RC Network
Once an approximate Rc and Cc have been computed, these values will need to be evaluated. To
do this, you will need to install the custom components in the unit and enable the alternate compenation network (CC2).
Refer to the topic “Internal Jumpers and Settings” in the Advanced Conguration section
of this manual for instructions on accessing the
20
Controller daughter board in the amplier. Then
locate jumper J11, and remove the shunt from
pins 1 and 2. Replace the shunt on pins 2 and
3 of jumper J3 to enable the custom RC network
pathway (CC2).
Next, install components with the required values
in the Controller daughter board at locations R5
and C2 as shown in Figure 6.9.
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7114 OPERATOR’S MANUAL – SECTION 6
Figure 6.9 – Control Mode Jumper, Compensation Network Jumper and Custom Compensation Locations
STEP 7: Optimizing the Compensation Values.
Remember the load you are connecting is a
part of the system and the unit should not be
turned on without the load being connected.
After installing the components, check to ensure
that the Controlled Mode jumper is set to Current
mode, then power up the unit without signal input.
To begin testing, input a square wave with a frequency of 100 Hz to 1 kHz, or a squared pulse at a
low level (typically 0.25 to 2.0 volts). A limited-risetime, repetitive pulse of low duty cycle is preferred.
Observe the output current through a current
monitor or current probe. Look for clean transition
edges. The presence of ringing or rounding on the
transition edges indicates compensation problems.
(See Figure 6.10.)
If a change in compensation is necessary, an ad-
justment to the resistor component of the Compensation circuit is probably required.
If the output current waveform is ringing, the circuit
is underdamped: You have too much compensation and should lower the resistance (see Figure
6.11).
Figure 6.11 – Square Wave Showing a
Decrease in R is Required
If the output current waveform is rounded, the
circuit is overdamped: You have too little compensation and should increase resistance (see Figure
6.12).
Figure 6.10 – Compensation Eects on Waveform
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Figure 6.12 – Square Wave Showing an
If the output current waveform is neither underdamped or overdamped, but the top of the
squarewave is not level, then you should instead
decrease the capacitor value (see Figure 6.13).
Information subject to change
Increase in R is Required
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7114 OPERATOR’S MANUAL – SECTION 6
After nal adjustments have been made to the
circuit, the nal waveform for your planned application should be tested to conrm the amplier’s
compensation setting.
Figure 6.13 – Square Wave Showing a
Decrease in C is Required
When making adjustments:
Resistor: Increase or decrease resistance values
in increments of +/- 10%.
Capacitor: Incrementally decrease capacitor values by a factor of 2 or 3.
6.4 Using the 7114 as a Battery
Simulator/Four-Quadrant Supply
Unlike conventional power supplies, a 7114 amplier can output positive or negative voltage and
can sink or source current. This makes it great for
use as a four-quadrant power supply or a battery
simulator.
When used to test battery chargers or charging
circuits, a 7114 can be used to easily vary the voltage to simulate the charging or discharging of a
battery, and eliminate hours of test time.
NOTE:
• If possible, use 1% metal film resistors. AE
Techron discourages installation of potentiometers in the resistor location of the compensation
circuit because this can decrease stability and
may increase inductance.
• The parallel capacitor in the RC network serves
to increase stability but can be removed, if it is
not required for system stability. If the parallel
capacitor is used, it will usually decrease the
value of resistance needed.
signal based on your output requirements adjusted for the amplier gain (10X).
6.5 Using the 7114 for Overvoltage
Testing
The 7114 can also produce a DC supply independent of a signal generator, making it useful
for high-speed over-voltage testing. The 7114’s
on-board DC suppy can be used for powering the
DUT at the standard 12 or 24 volts. Then a signal
generator or arbitrary waveform generator can be
used to produce the surge voltage.
A 7114 can supply a xed DC voltage indenitely,
making it essential for DC power tests lasting
minutes or hours. The variable ±45VDC capability
makes the 7114 useful for simulation a wide range
of battery types, as shown in Figure 6.14.
Test Setup
1. Connect a signal generator to the 7114 input.
2. Set the 7114 Gain switch to Fixed.
3. Set the signal generator to produce a DC
signal. Determine the voltage level of the DC
Battery Type Lithium Ion NiMH/NiCd Alkaline Lead-Acid
Capability 1-10 cells 1-28 cells 1-25 cells 6V/12V/24V
Figure 6.14 – 7114 DC Output Capabilties by Battery Type
22
Test Setup
1. Connect a signal generator or ARB to the 7114
input.
2. Set the 7114 Oset switch to Variable.
3. Adjust the Oset variable control knob to pro-
duce the desired DC supply output (such as
12V).
4. Set the 7114 Gain switch to Fixed.
5. Set the signal generator or ARB to produce
a DC signal equal to the overvoltage level or
surge waveform. Determine the voltage level
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7114 OPERATOR’S MANUAL – SECTION 6
of the DC signal based on your output requirements adjusted for the amplier gain (10X),
minus the DC supply. For example, a 3V DC
input signal sent to the 7114 with a 12V supply
setting would result in a 42V output sent to the
DUT.
6.6 Using the 7114 for PSRR
Measurements
A 7114 can be useful for making Power Supply
Rejection Ratio (PSRR) measurements for devices
like low dropout regulators (LDOs) and power
ampliers, especially when the device under test
(DUT) is heavily loaded.
Typically, PSRR is measured with a network analyzer, although a function generator/oscillioscope
combination also can be used for some devices.
Most network analyzers have a source output of
50 ohms, so they cannot eectively drive an LDO
into heavy loads (i.e., 1A). Because of this, LDO
PSRR testing is often performed into light or no
loads. But since LDO PSRR tends to decrease
at heavier loads and is typically the worst at the
maximum specied load, measuring power-supply
rejection with light or no-load conditions is not considered representative of actual LDO PSRR.
Measuring the PSRR of a low dropout regulator
into a heavy load requires a high current driver.
The 7114 can provide both the DC supply and AC
ripple for testing under these conditions.
6.6.1 LDO PSRR Measurement Using
A Network Analyzer
You will need a network analyzer, an AE Techron
7114 amplier and the device under test (DUT).
Test Setup
1. Connect from the network analyzer source to
the signal input of the 7114.
2. Connect from the 7114 outputs to the LDO
supply input.
3. Set the 7114’s Coupling switch to AC.
4. Set the 7114’s Oset switch to Variable, and
then adjust the Oset variable control knob
until the output DC voltage reaches the desired
level (i.e., 3.3V).
5. Set the 7114’s Gain switch to Fixed.
6. Set the network analyzer’s output to a level
that will produce the desired output at the LDO
supply input (1/10 of desired output).
Calibration (Refer to Figure 6.15)
1. Connect from the network analyzer’s Input A to
the DUT board near the LDO supply input.
2. Connect from the network analyzer’s Input B to
the same point at Input A on the DUT.
3. Set the network analyzer to calibration mode
and sweep over the frequency range to be
measured (i.e., 100 Hz to 100 kHz). Save the
calibration data for later use. (Refer to the
network analyzer’s instruction manual for the
specics of calibration setup.)
Figure 6.15 – LDO PSRR Measurement, Calibration Setup
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Figure 6.16 – LDO PSRR Measurement, Testing Setup
LDO PSRR Testing (Refer to Figure 6.16)
1. Connect the network analyzer’s Input B to the
LDO output near the capacitor. (Keep Input A
connected to the LDO input.)
2. Repeat the sweep of the network analyzer over
the desired frequency range.
3. Subtract the calibration data and then plot the
resulting PSRR data.
6.6.2 LDO PSRR Measurement Using
An Oscilloscope
You will need a function generator or arbitrary
waveform generator, an AE Techron 7114 amplier,
an oscillioscope, and the device under test (DUT).
Test Setup (Refer to Figure 6.17)
1. Connect from the function generator or AWG to
the signal input of the 7114.
2. Connect from the 7114 outputs to the LDO
supply input.
7114 OPERATOR’S MANUAL – SECTION 6
3. Connect the oscilloscope’s CH 1 probe to the
LDO supply input near the capacitor. Connect the oscilloscope’s CH 2 probe to the LDO
output near the capacitor. A 1X probe is recommended because of the high oscilloscope
noise oor.
4. Set the function generator’s output to a level
1/10 of the desired output at the LDO supply
input.
5. Set the function generator’s frequency to the
frequency to be tested (i.e., 1 kHz).
6. Set the 7114’s Coupling switch to AC.
7. Set the 7114’s Oset switch to Variable, and
then adjust the Oset variable control knob
until the output DC voltage reaches the desired
level (i.e., 3.3V).
8. Set the 7114’s Gain switch to Fixed.
Figure 6.17 – LDO PSRR Measurement, Testing Setup using Oscilloscope
24
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7114 OPERATOR’S MANUAL – SECTION 6
9. Use the oscilloscope to measure the amplitude
voltage at CH1 and CH2. Use the following
formula to calculate the PSRR (dB).
PSRR = 20log(CH2/CH1)
10. Adjust the frequency level of the function generator to the next frequency to be tested and
repeat the oscilloscope measurements. Continue to make frequency adjustments until all
desired frequencies have been tested.
6.6.3 Amplier PSRR Measurement
AE Techron 7114 amplier is great for making amplier power supply rejection ratio measurements,
especially power amps operating at maximum load
conditions. It can also be used to measure PSRR
for op-amps, dierential ampliers, unity gain buffers, digital-to-analog converters, analog-to-digital
converters, and more.
You will need a network analyzer, an AE Techron
7114 amplier, and the device under test (DUT).
Test Setup
1. Connect from the network analyzer source to
the signal input of the 7114.
2. Connect from the 7114 outputs to the DUT’s
supply input.
3. Make sure the DUT’s input is grounded.
4. Set the 7114’s Coupling switch to AC.
5. Set the 7114’s Oset switch to Variable, and
then adjust the Oset variable control knob
until the output DC voltage reaches the desired
level (i.e., 3.3V).
6. Set the 7114’s Gain switch to xed.
7. Set the network analyzer’s output to a level
1/10 of the desired output at the at the DUT’s
supply input.
Calibration (Refer to Figure 6.18)
1. Connect from the network analyzer’s Input A to
the DUT’s supply input.
2. Connect from the network analyzer’s Input B to
the same point at Input A on the DUT.
Figure 6.18 – Amplier PSRR Measurement, Calibration Setup
Figure 6.19 – Amplier PSRR Measurement, Testing Setup
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7114 OPERATOR’S MANUAL – SECTION 6
3. Set the network analyzer to calibration mode
and sweep over the frequency range to be
measured (i.e., 100 Hz to 100 kHz). Save the
calibration data for later use. (Refer to the
network analyzer’s instruction manual for the
specics of calibration setup.)
Amplier PSRR Testing (Refer to Figure 6.19)
1. Connect the network analyzer’s Input B to the
DUT’s output. (Keep Input A connected to the
supply input.)
2. Repeat the sweep of the network analyzer over
the desired frequency range.
3. Subtract the calibration data and then plot the
resulting PSRR data.
6.7 Using the 7114 for Ampler CMRR
Measurements
A 7114 ampliercan be useful for making Common
Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) measurements for
devices like dierential ampliers and opamps.
6.7.1 Amplier CMRR Measurement
You will need a network analyzer, an AE Techron
7114 amplier, and the device under test (DUT).
Test Setup
1. Connect from the network analyzer source to
the signal input of the 7114.
2. Connect the DUT’s positive and negative
inputs
3. Connect from the 7114’s outputs to the DUT’s
connected positive and negative inputs.
4. Set the 7114’s Coupling switch to AC.
5. Set the 7114’s Oset switch to Variable, and
then adjust the Oset variable control knob
until the output DC voltage reaches the desired
level (i.e., 3.3V).
6. Set the 7114’s Gain switch to Fixed.
7. Set the network analyzer’s output to a level
1/10 of the desired output at the DUT’s input.
CMRR Calibration (Refer to Figure 6.20)
1. Connect from the network analyzer’s Input A
to the DUT’s connected positive and negative
inputs.
2. Connect from the network analyzer’s Input B to
the same point at the DUT’s connected positive
and negative inputs.
3. Set the network analyzer to calibration mode
Figure 6.20 – Amplier CMRR Measurement, Calibration Setup
Figure 6.20 – Amplier CMRR Measurement, Testing Setup
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7114 OPERATOR’S MANUAL – SECTION 6
and sweep over the frequency range to be
measured (i.e., 100 Hz to 100 kHz). Save the
calibration data for later use. (Refer to the
network analyzer’s instruction manual for the
specics of calibration setup.)
CMRR Testing (Refer to Figure 6.21)
1. Connect the network analyzer’s Input B to the
DUT’s output. (Keep Input A connected to the
input.)
2. Repeat the sweep of the network analyzer over
the desired frequency range.
3. Subtract the calibration data and then plot the
resulting PSRR data.
6.8 Using the 7114 to Create Complex
Waveforms
The 7114 amplier provides two front-panel and
one back-panel connector for signal input. The
front-panel BNC connector provides unbalanced
input, while the front-panel WECO and the backpanel DB-9 connectors provide balanced input.
Signal input can occur from one, two, or all three
connectors simultaneously. In addition, a DC oset
signal can be added, allowing for the control and
amplication of a wide range of complex waveforms.
See Figure 6.21 for an example of a complex
waveform that can be created using three signal
inputs plus DC oset generation.
Figure 6.21 – Complex Waveforms Created Using DC Oset and Multiple Inputs
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7114 OPERATOR’S MANUAL – SECTION 7
7 Maintenance
Simple maintenance can be performed by the user
to help keep the equipment operational. The following routine maintenance is designed to prevent
problems before they occur. See the Trouble-
shooting section, for recommendations for restoring the equipment to operation after an error
condition has occurred.
Preventative maintenance is recommended after
the rst 250 hours of operation, and every three
months or 250 hours thereafter. If the equipment
environment is dirty or dusty, preventative maintenance should be performed more frequently.
CAUTION
Before you begin, make sure your unit
is disconnected from the power source,
with power switch in the OFF position
and the level control turned completely
down (counter-clockwise).
7.1 Clean Filter and Grills
7.1.1 Tools Required
The recommended equipment and supplies
needed to perform the functions required for this
task are described below.
• Vacuum cleaner
• Damp cloth (use water only or a mild soap
diluted in water)
To ensure adequate cooling and maximum eciency of the internal cooling fans, the amplier’s
front and rear grills should be cleaned periodically.
To clean the grills, complete the following steps:
1. Turn the unit OFF. Disconnect the unit from its
power source.
2. Using a vacuum cleaner, vacuum the front ventilation grill and the back ventilation exit grill.
3. Using a damp cloth, clean the front and rear
ventilation grills. Dry with a clean cloth or allow
to air dry. IMPORTANT: Grills should be completely dry before plugging in or restarting
product.
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7114 OPERATOR’S MANUAL – SECTION 8
8 Troubleshooting
8.1 Introduction & Precautions
This section provides a set of procedures for
identifying and correcting problems with the 7114
amplier. Rather than providing an exhaustive and
detailed list of troubleshooting specications, this
section aims to provide a set of shortcuts intended
to get an inoperative unit back in service as quickly
as possible.
The procedures outlined in this section are directed toward an experienced electronic technician;
it assumes that the technician has knowledge of
typical electronic repair and test procedures.
Please be aware that the 7114 amplier will undergo frequent engineering updates. As a result,
modules and electronic assemblies may not be
interchangeable between units. Particularly, the
circuit boards undergo periodic engineering modications that may make interchangeability between
units impossible.
8.2 Visual Inspection
Before attempting to troubleshoot the product
while it is operating, please take time to complete
a visual inspection of the internal components of
the unit.
DANGER
Uninsulated terminals with AC Mains
potential are exposed when the cover is
removed. Do not proceed until AC Mains
have been disconnected.
Figure 8.1.
3. Slide the cover towards the back of the unit,
and then lift the cover straight up to remove
and set aside.
4. To replace the top cover, slide the cover in
to place on the unit and replace the twelve
screws.
8.2.1 Perform Inspection
1. To perform a Visual Inspection, rst turn the
Power Switch to the O (O) position.
2. Disconnect the AC mains plug from the unit.
3. Wait three to ve minutes for the Power Supply
capacitors to discharge.
4. Inspect the amplier’s internal components.
Check the following:
5. Inspect modules for charring, breaks, deformation or other signs of physical damage.
6. Look for any foreign objects lodged inside the
unit.
7. Inspect the entire lengths of wires and ribbon
cables for breaks or other physical damage.
8. If there is any physical damage to the amplier,
please return it to AE Techron for repair.
8.3 No Signal
Missing Output signal may be caused by one of
the following:
1. Signal is not connected to any inputs on the
amplier. See the Setup section in this manual
for more information.
2. Input signal level is below 300 mV. The SIG-
NAL indicator will only illuminate when a signal
above 300 mV is received. Increase the level
of the input signal at the source.
8.2.1 Remove Top Cover
Tool Required
#1 Phillips screwdriver
Procedure
1. Remove power from the unit and disconnect
any load from the outputs. Wait a minimum of
three minutes to allow the amplier’s capacitors to discharge.
2. Use a #1 Phillips screwdriver to remove the
twelve (12) Phillips-head screws, as shown in
97-8004339_05-08-18
8.4 No Power/Power Switch
Not Illuminated
If the Power switch does not illuminate when the
Power button is placed in the ON (|) position,
check the following:
1. The AC mains are not connected or not on
(see the Setup section for more information).
2. The unit’s 15A (8A for 230V version) fuse has
blown. Complete the following steps to inspect
Information subject to change
29
Page 30
7114 OPERATOR’S MANUAL – SECTION 8
and replace the fuse, if required:
1. Locate the fuse housing cover on the product’s back panel (see Figure 6.2).
2. Using a small, at-blade screwdriver, turn
the cover counterclockwise to open the
cover.
3. Remove the fuse, inspect, and replace if
needed.
4. Replace the cover by using the at-head
screwdriver to push the fuse cover into
the fuse housing while turning the cover
clockwise.
If power to the unit is not restored after replacing
the fuse, one of the unit’s internal fuses may be
blown. Return the unit to AE Techron for servicing.
See the Factory Service information at the end of
this section.
8.5 Fault LED is Illuminated
The Fault indicator will light when any one of four
conditions occurs:
8.5.1 Overheating
There are two possible reasons why the product
is overheating: Excessive power requirements or
inadequate airow.
Excessive Power Requirements
The unit will overheat if the required power exceeds the unit’s capabilities. High duty cycles
and low-impedance loads are especially prone to
cause overheating. To see if excess power requirements are causing overheating, check the following:
1. The application’s power requirements fall
within the specications of the amplier. See
the Specications section.
2. Faulty output connections and load.
3. Undesired DC oset at the Output and Input
signal.
Inadequate Airow
If the unit chronically overheats with suitable
power/load conditions, then it may not be receiving
adequate airow. To check for adequate airow,
proceed with the following steps:
1. Visually inspect fans to assure correct operation while the unit is On (I). When an OverTemp fault occurs, the product’s fans will
automatically be placed in continuous highspeed operation. Any inoperative, visibly slow,
or reverse-spinning fan should be replaced.
Please see the Factory Service information at
the end of this section.
2. Turn down your input signal and allow the fans
to operate at high speed until they automatically switch to low-speed operation, indicating
the amplier has cooled enough to resume
operation.
Resetting After OverTemp
To reset the product after an over-temperature
fault has occurred, make sure fans are running
(the fans should switch to high-speed operation
when an over-temperature fault occurs). Turn
down the input signal and allow the fans to run for
several minutes until they automatically switch to
low-speed operation, indicating the unit has cooled
enough to resume operation. Then cycle the power
switch to return the unit to normal operation.
NOTE: If the product’s transformers have overheated, the fans will typically need to operate for at
least 10-15 minutes in order to resolve the over-
temperature condition.
If the fault condition does not clear, return the
product for Factory Service.
8.5.2 OverVoltage Condition
The amplier will protect itself from AC mains voltage that is 10% above the voltage indicated on the
back panel. If the AC mains voltage is more than
10% above the operating voltage, reduce the AC
mains voltage to the proper level. When the line
voltage condition is corrected, cycle the power
switch to return the unit to normal operation. If
the Fault condition does not clear, the unit’s three
internal transformers may need to be replaced.
Please see the Factory Service information at the
end of this section.
30
Information subject to change
97-8004339_05-08-18
Page 31
7114 OPERATOR’S MANUAL – SECTION 8
8.5.3 Overload Condition
If the unit’s internal Overload Latch jumper setting
has been changed from the factory defaul and con-
gured for shutdown when an overload condition oc-
curs, the FAULT indicator will light when an overload
condition occurs.
To clear the fault-at-overload condition, turn down the
level of the input signal and/or the gain control on the
front panel until the OVLD LED turns o.
8.5.4 Component Failure
The 7114 amplier contains protection circuitry that
disables the unit if an output stage is behaving abnormally. This usually indicates an output transistor
has shorted.
To clear the Fault condition, follow these steps:
1. Turn o the signal source.
2. Cycle the Power button.
3. If the Fault LED doesn’t illuminate again, turn
the signal source on.
4. If the Fault LED is still illuminated and the Fault
condition doesn’t clear, return the product for
Factory Service. See the Factory Service infor-
mation at the end of this section.
CAUTION
8.6 Factory Service
If the troubleshooting procedures are unsuccessful, the amplier may need to be returned for
Factory Service. All units under warranty will be
serviced free of charge (customer is responsible
for one-way shipping charges as well as any custom fees, duties, and/or taxes). Please review the
Warranty at the beginning of this manual for more
information.
All service units must be given a Service Ticket by
AE Techron, Inc. before being returned. Service
Tickets can be requested on our website at http://
aetechron.com or by contacting our Customer
Service Department at 574-295-9495.
Please take extra care when packaging your amplier for repair. It should be returned in its original
packaging or a suitable alternative. Replacement
packaging materials can be purchased from AE
Techron for a nominal fee.
Please send all service units to the following address and be sure to include your Ticket Number
on the box.
AE Techron, Inc.
Attn: Service Department / Ticket Number #
2507 Warren Street
Elkhart, IN 46516
Shut o the signal source before resetting the amplier. Try resetting the Fault
condition only once. If the Fault condition does not clear after one reset, STOP.
Contact AE Techron Support for further
assistance. Repeated resetting can damage the unit.
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Information subject to change
31
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7114 OPERATOR’S MANUAL – SECTION 9
9 Specications
Performance
Testing was done at 100 Hz. Continuous DC power levels are
lower. See DC Specications chart.
Frequency Response, DC–100 kHz (1 watt):
+0 to -3.0 dB
Small Signal (8V p-p): 500 kHz
8-Ohm Power Response (continuous duty),
DC to 60 kHz: ± 65 Vpk
DC to 80 kHz: ± 60 Vpk
DC to 200 kHz : ± 37Vpk
Slew Rate: >40 V/µSec
Residual Noise,
10 Hz to 22 kHz: 200 µV (0.20 mV)
10 Hz to 80 kHz: 500 µV (0.50 mV)
10 Hz to 500 kHz: 1500 µV (1.50 mV)
Signal-to-Noise Ratio,
10 Hz - 22 kHz: –110 dB
10 Hz - 80 kHz: –102 dB
10 Hz - 500 kHz: –91 dB
THD (DC - 50 kHz): <0.5%
DC Oset: <±10 mV
DC Drift: <±3 mV
Output Impedance: 10 mOhm in Series with 0.95
µH
Phase Response (10 Hz - 10 kHz):
±6 degrees including 800 nsec propagation delay
Input Characteristics
Connectors,
Balanced with ground: Three terminal barrier
block connector, 20k ohm dierential
Balanced with ground: Back-panel DB-9 connec-
tor (pins 1, 2 and 3), 20k ohm dierential
Unbalanced: BNC connector, 10k ohm single
ended
Gain (variable or fixed):
Voltage Mode: 10 volts/volt
Current Mode: 5 amperes/volt
Gain Linearity (over input signal, from 0.2V to 5V):
±0.05%
Max Input Voltage: ±10V, balanced or unbalanced
Display, Control, Status, I/O
Front Panel
Toggle Switch for: Power
I LIMIT,
Switch: 25A xed or variable
Variable Control Knob: 1 - 25A
COUPLING Switch: AC or DC
OFFSET,
Switch: None or Variable
Variable Control Knob: ±20V (congurable for
±45V)
RAIL V Switch (voltage potential): 90V or 45V
GAIN,
Switch: 10X xed or variable
Variable Control Knob: 0-10X
LED Displays indicate: Power, Signal, Overload,
Fault
Signal Input: Unbalanced BNC or balanced Bar-
rier Strip
Signal Output: One pair of 5-Way Binding Posts,
accepts wire up to 12 AWG
Back Panel
Power Connection: 25 Amp IEC (with retention
latch)
DB-9 Connector for: Balanced signal input,
remote blanking/emergency stop, fault monitor,
current monitor.
Communication Capabilities
(via back-panel DB-9 Control Port)
Current Monitor: 5A/V ±1%
Reporting: System Fault
Remote Control: Blanking/Fast Mute/Emergency
Stop
Physical Characteristics
Chassis:
The amplier is designed for stand- alone or rackmounted operation. The Chassis is steel with a black
powder coat nish. The unit occupies one-half rack of
two EIA RU.
Weight: 20 lbs (9.1 kg), Shipping 26 lbs (11.8 kg)
AC Power:
Single phase, 120 VAC, 60 Hz, 15A service;
(220-240 VAC, 50-60 Hz, 8A service model available)
Operating Temperature:
10°C to 50°C (50°F to 122°F), maximum output
power de-rated above 30°C (86°F).)
Humidity: 70% or less, non-condensing
Cooling:
Two-speed forced air cooling from front to back
Dimensions:
9.5 in. x 22.75 in. x 3.5 in. (24.1 cm x 57.8 cm x 8.9
cm)
32
Information subject to change
97-8004339_05-08-18
Page 33
7114 OPERATOR’S MANUAL – SECTION 9
Protection
Over/Under Voltage:
±10% from specified supply voltage amplifier is
forced to Standby
Over Current:
Fuse on both main power and low voltage supplies
Over Temperature:
Separate output transistor, heat sink, and transformer temperature monitoring and protection
AC Specifications – High Voltage Mode
PEAK OUTPUT RMS OUTPUT
40 mSec Pulse,
20% Duty Cycle
Ohms Volts Amps Volts Amps Volts Amps Volts Amps Volts Amps Watts
Open 90.5 0.0 90.5 0.0 90.5 0.0 64.0 0.0 64.0 0.0 0
16 76.8 4.8 76.8 4.9 76.8 4.9 54.3 3.4 54.3 3.4 185
8 68.2 8.6 68.2 8.6 68.2 8.6 48.2 6.1 48.2 6.1 292
4 58.0 14.6 56.6 14.1 56.6 14.1 41.1 10.3 41.0 10.3 422
2 42.4 21.2 42.4 21.2 28.3 14.1 30.0 15.0 20.0 10.0 200
5 Minutes,
100% Duty Cycle
1 Hour,
100% Duty Cycle
5 Minutes,
100% Duty Cycle
1 Hour,
100% Duty Cycle
AC Specifications – High Current Mode
PEAK OUTPUT RMS OUTPUT
40 mSec Pulse,
20% Duty Cycle
Ohms Volts Amps Volts Amps Volts Amps Volts Amps Volts Amps Watts
Open 42.4 0.0 42.4 0.0 42.4 0.0 30.0 0.0 30.0 0.0 0
4 31.7 8.1 31.7 8.1 31.7 8.1 22.4 5.7 22.4 5.7 127
2 27.9 14.0 26.6 13.4 26.6 13.4 18.8 9.5 18.8 9.5 178
1 19.8 19.8 19.8 19.8 19.8 19.8 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 196
0.5 12.0 24.0 12.0 24.0 12.0 24.0 8.5 17.0 8.5 17.0 128
5 Minutes,
100% Duty Cycle
1 Hour,
100% Duty Cycle
5 Minutes,
100% Duty Cycle
1 Hour,
100% Duty Cycle
DC Specifications
5 Minutes,
VDC
100% Duty Cycle
48 12 8
24 10 9
13.5 20 15
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OUTPUT (Amperes)
1 Hour,
100% Duty Cycle
Information subject to change
33
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