Aemc instruments 1100N, 1000N User Manual

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USER MANUAL

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MEGOHMMETER

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MODEL 1000N

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- GUARD- LINE

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The Megohmmeter Models 1000N and 1100N are warranted to the owner for a period of 1 year from the date of original purchase against defects in manufacture. This limited warranty is given by AEMC Instruments, not by the distributor from whom it was purchased. This warranty is void if the unit has been tampered with, abused or if the defect is related to service not performed by AEMC

What AEMC

Instruments Will Do:

If a malfunction occ urs within the 1

Instruments.

year period, you may return the instrument to us for repair or replacement free of charge, provided we have your REGISTRATION CARD on file. AEMC

Instruments will, at its opt ion, repair or repl ace the

faulty material.

Note: If a registration card is not on file, we will require a dated proof of purchase as well as your REGISTRATION CARD accompanied by the defective material.

www.aemc.com

What You Must Do:

or by fax from AEMC

First request a return authori zation form by phone

Instruments, then return the instrum ent along with the signed authorization repair form. Return material, postage pre-paid to:

Chauvin Arnoux d.b.a. AEMC

, Inc.

Instruments Service Department 15 Faraday Drive Dover, NH 03820 USA Tel: (800) 945-2362 (X360)

(603) 749-6434 (X360)

Fax: (603) 742-2346

Caution:

To protect against in-transit loss, we recommend you insure

your returned material.

For full warranty coverage, please r ead the Warranty Ca rd which is affixed to the Warrant y Regist ratio n Card . Pleas e keep t he W arrant y Card with your records.

- 1 -

Warning ........................................................................................... 4

International Electrical Symbols ...................................................... 4

Megohmmeter Model 1000N

Receiving Your Shipment ......................................................... 5

Packaging ................................................................................. 5

Accessories and Replacement Parts........................................ 5

Description ................................................................................ 6

Specifications............................................................................ 7

Control and Connector Identification......................................... 9

Battery Replacement .............................................................. 10

AC Supply Module .................................................................. 10

......................................................... 5

Operation

Understanding Insulation Testing

...................................................................................... 11

The Analog Scale.................................................................... 11

Preliminary Check................................................................... 12

How to use the Push-to-Measure Button................................ 12

Utilizing the Guard Terminal ................................................... 13

Voltage Measurements (Safety Check).................................. 14

Audible Signal......................................................................... 15

Precautions When Making DC Insulation Tests ..................... 15

Insulation Measurement - Connections .................................. 16

Insulation Resistance Measurements on Motors.................... 19

............................................. 21

Types of Tests......................................................................... 22

Spot Reading Test............................................................ 22

Ratio Testing .................................................................... 22

Dielectric Absorption Test................................................. 23

Step Voltage Test............................................................. 24

Effects of Temperature ........................................................... 25

Interpreting the Results........................................................... 26

- 2 -

ESD Conductivity Test Kit Megohmmeter Model 1100N

Receiving Your Shipment ...................................................... 27

Packaging .............................................................................. 27

Accessories and Replacement Parts...................................... 27

Description ............................................................................. 28

Specifications ......................................................................... 29

Battery Replacement ............................................................. 31

AC Supply Module ................................................................. 31

Resistance Testing of Conductive Flooring ........................... 32

Measurement Results ............................................................ 34

Maintenance................................................................................... 35

Cleaning................................................................................... 35

Repair and Calibration .................................................................. 36

Technical Assistance .................................................................... 36

......... 27

- 3 -

Megohmmeter Model 1000N/1100N

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These safety warnings are provided to ensure the safety of personnel and proper operation of the instrument.

WARNING: HIGH VOLTAGE PRESENT

•

Do not attempt to perform any tests with these instruments

until you have read the instruction manual.

•

Safety is the responsibility of the operator!

•

Tests are to be carried out only on non-energized circuits!

Check for live circuits before making resistance measurements (safety check).

•

The Megohmmeters Models 1000N and 1100N are sources

of high voltage, as is the sample connected to them. All persons performing or assisting in the tests must em ploy all safety precautions to prevent electrical shock to themselves and to others.

•

AEMC

•

When testing capaci tance sam ples , m ak e sure that they h ave

•

Megohmmeters should never be used in an explosive

•

Use the leads supplied with the megohmmeters. If they are

considers the use of rubber gloves to be an excellent safety practice even if the equipment is pro per l y oper ate d and correctly grounded.

been properly discharged and that they are safe to touch. Dielectric insulation samples should be short-circuited for at least five times the amount of time they were energized.

environment.

defective or worn, replace before testing.

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This symbol signif ies that the instrument is protected b y double or reinforced insulation. Use only specified replacement parts when servicing the instrum ent.

This symbol signifies CAUTION! and requests that the user refer to the user manual before using the instrument.

Risk of electric shock. The voltage at the parts marked with this symbol may be dangerous.

- 4 -

Megohmmeter Model 1000N/1100N

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Upon receiving your shipment, make sure that the contents are consistent with the packing list. Notify your distributor of any missing items. If the equipm ent appears to be damaged, f ile a c laim immediatel y with the carrier and notify your distributor at once, giving a detailed description of any damage.

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The Megohmmeter Model 1000N (Cat. #185.100) is ship ped with eight

1.5V “AA” batteries, two color- coded safety leads with insulated all igator clips, a separate shielded lead, a separate insulated alligator clip, test probe, one spare fuse, carrying case and instruction manual.

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AC power supply module with line cord and plug for switch-selectable 110/220V

at 47 to 400Hz.....................

Cat. #100.142

Protective rubber case with handle ......................................

Rugged plastic carrying case, 19 x 14 x 7" ..........................

Fuse, set of five, 0.1A slow-blow for AC supply module ......

Fuse, set of one, 0.3A, for Model 1000 ................................

One test probe and one insulated alligator clip....................

Replacement leads for Models 1000N/1100N/5000N..........

7-pin shielded lead, 10 ft, for Models 1000N/5000N/5100...

Replacement Leads for Model 1000

Coaxial shielded lead ...........................................................

Set of leads: one coaxial shielded lead, pair of

safety leads, alligator clip, and test probe ............................

- 5 -

Cat. #2980.02 Cat. #2118.07 Cat. #100.438 Cat. #100.429 Cat. #100.404 Cat. #1017.23 Cat. #2950.10

Cat. #100.439

Cat. #100.482

Megohmmeter Model 1000N/1100N

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The AEMC® Model 1000N (Cat. #185.100) is a portable, multi-range, high-sensitivity megohmmeter capable of measuring a wide range of insulation resistanc es from 1 kilohm to 1000 gi gohms. The Model 10 00N has five test voltages of 50, 100, 250, 50 0 and 1000V. E ach test vo ltage setting has two resistance ranges: 1 to 1000MΩ and 1 to 1000GΩ.

In addition, the Mode l 1000N has a unique lo w insulat ion test ra nge of 1 to 1000kΩ with a constant current of 1mA (maximum voltage of

1200V voltmeter (safety check) with a range of 0 to 600V is standard.

The Model 1000N may be powered by either AC or DC. DC power is supplied by eight 1. 5V alkaline “AA” batteri es. As an option, an AC line supply module and c ord for 110/220V in the battery compartment.

An audible signal consisting of approximately ten beeps per minute is present when the megohmm eter is ON, and serves as a time base for tests of long duration. A green LED, when ON, indicates that the batteries are good when the PUSH-T O-T EST button is depress ed. It also serves as a warning li ght when the instrument is in us e, indicating that the selected test voltage is present at the terminals.

), which is useful for testing old or flooded installations. A

at 47 to 400Hz can be i nserted

- 6 -

Megohmmeter Model 1000N/1100N

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INSULATION TESTS

DC Test Voltages:

50, 100, 250, 500, 1000V

Megohm Ranges:

For each test voltage two direct reading ranges: 1 to 1000M 1 to 1000G

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Short Circuit Current: Accuracy:

Charging Time:

1000 MΩ range: 0.3 seconds/µF 1000 GΩ range: 4 seconds/µF

Discharging Time:

Automatic discharge when test button is released; 0.1 seconds/µF

Scale:

Two large overlapping scales: 4.7" (119 mm) for each range

Test Voltage Generation:

Solid state circuitry generating rated test voltage across the full range

5% of reading typical 15% of reading between 100 and 1000GΩ on the 50V range

5mA (max)

RESISTANCE TESTS

Test Current: Kilohm Range: Maximum Test Voltage: Accuracy:

Constant 1mA DC

1 to 1000kΩ (1MΩ)

1200V

5% of reading typical

CONTINUITY TESTS

Resistance Range:

0.1 to 100Ω; 3Ω mid-scale

Accuracy: Audible Tone: Fuse:

6% of reading

Continuous for continuity resistances under 200

High interrupting capacity (0.315A)

Ω

- 7 -

Megohmmeter Model 1000N/1100N

VOLTAGE TESTS (SAFETY CHECK)

Voltage Range: Accuracy:

3% of full scale

0 to 600V

AC/DC

GENERAL SP E CIFICATIONS

Audible Test Signal:

Ten beeps per minute (constant tone for continuity resistance under 200Ω)

Power Supply:

Eight 1.5V “AA” alkaline batteries (NEDA 15A). Typical battery life: 350 one-minute tests; power consumed only when test button is depressed; built-in battery check by green LED.

Option:

110/220V selectable, 47 to 400Hz AC supply module

Dielectric Test:

4000V

Fuse Protection:

0.3A high interrupting capacity fuse between line and guard terminals

Meter Movement: Dimensions: Weight:

2.2 lbs (1 kg)

Rugged taut band suspension

7.7 x 5.2 x 3.75" (196 x 132 x 95mm)

Temperature Range:

, 50/60Hz, 1 minute

23° to 122°F (-5° to +50°C)

Case:

High impact gray polycarbonate

Terminals:

Color-coded safety terminals; guard terminal eliminates surface leakage errors

- 8 -

Megohmmeter Model 1000N/1100N

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OFF ON

TURN TO

LOCK

+ EARTH

V GΩ MΩ kΩ

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1. Analog Measurement Scale

2. Battery Power Indicator: Green lamp ON indicates batteries are good when PUSH-TO-TEST button is depressed. Audible “beep” is also emitted approximately every 6 seconds.

3. Mechanical Zero Adjust

4. Selection Switch

5. GUARD terminal (blue): Used to minimize the effect of leakage current. Also used for the 10Ω range.

6. LINE terminal (black): Connects to the equipment to be tested.

7. EARTH terminal (green): Connects to ground for insulation testing.

8. PUSH-TO-TEST button Lock “ON” by turning button a quarter turn to the right. OFF Position: Voltmeter position ON Position: Test position with voltage present at outputs

MEGOHMMETER

Ω

MODEL 1000N

Ω

Bat.

kΩ x 10

Ω

GΩ

MΩ

Ω

- GUARD- LINE

- 9 -

Megohmmeter Model 1000N/1100N

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The Model 1000N is powered by eight 1.5V “AA” batteries. To replace the batteries, disconnect the instrument from any circuits, verify the PUSH-TO-TEST button is in the OFF position and proceed as follows.

Access panel

screws

Access panel

•

Unscrew the four standard

screws on the four corners of the battery pack and remove the battery pack.

•

Replace the batteries, observing

the proper polarities.

•

Replace the battery case, taking

care not to pinch the connecting wire, and tighten the four screws.

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The optional AC supply module (Cat. #100 .142) provides power to the Model 1000N at 110 or 220V designed to plug into the back portion of the instrument, directly replacing the batteries. The module is protected by a 0.1A slow-blow fuse.

Note:

Cat. #100.142 is supplied with 110V US plug.

•

Unscrew the four screws on the corners of the back panel battery

pack.

•

Disconnect and remove the battery pack.

•

Connect the AC supply module to the power supply connector.

•

Place the AC supply module into the back of the instrument and

tighten the four corn er screws, making sure not to p inch the wires of the power supply connector.

•

With the tip of a screwdriver, select the proper voltage with the

110/220 supply switch on the back panel of the AC supply module

•

Plug AC supply cord into the appropriate voltage receptacle.

. The AC power supply module is

- 10 -

Megohmmeter Model 1000N/1100N

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Before taking any measurements, verify that the pointer is zeroed correctly (AC scale "0"). If it is not , adjust w ith th e mechanical zero adjust screw.

The analog scale serves two functions. First, it indicates the actual resistance of the insulating material under test (black scales). The top scale is used for measur ement on the MΩ and GΩ ranges. The bottom half (MΩ) covers the range of 1MΩ to 1000MΩ, reading from left to r ight The upper portion of th e s c ale (GΩ) covers the rang e of 1GΩ to 1000G and reads left to right.

The center scale is used for the low insulation test range of 1kΩ to 1000kΩ, reading from right to left.

The bottom arc is an AC/DC voltmeter which is divided into 10-volt increments. The voltm eter function is operable any tim e the PUSH-TOTEST button is out. The voltmeter detects th e pres ence of volt age on the equipment to be test ed.

the insulation test.)

The voltmeter function also indicates if, after completing insulation testing, the samp le un der tes t has s tore d a dangerous c a pac it i ve c harge. The instrument disc harges th is capac itance intern ally an d the need le wil l drop accordingly. Disconnect the meter when the sample is discharged.

(If voltage is detected, do not proceed with

Ω

Warning:

Electrical equipm ent an d cab les m a y have suff icient cap acit ance t o s tore a dangerous charge from the instrument test current. For proper discharge to occur the PUSH-TO-TEST button must be in the OFF position with the sample connected between the EARTH and LINE terminals.

On prolonged tests, the PUSH-TO-TEST button may be locked in the ON position; care should be tak en in this m ode th at no d am age is do ne if the instrument is left unattended.

- 11 -

Megohmmeter Model 1000N/1100N

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When the PUSH-TO-TEST button is in the OFF position, the pointer should be on zero of the vo ltmeter scale, and on t h ree of th e GΩ scale. If it is not, use the mechanical zero adjust on the front of the instrument.

•

Detach the leads from the instrument.

•

Press the PUSH-TO-TEST button into the ON position. The pointer

should deflect com pletely to the f ar right of the sc ale. The green neon “Bat.” lamp should light up.

Note:

Ensure that the “Bat.” light (green) does not go out at any point during the testing. If the light does not illuminate, stop the test and change the batteries before continuing.

Verify that NO VOLTAGE is present on the circuit to be tested.

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OFF:

PUSH-TO-TEST button is in the raised position. This is for

measurement of AC or DC voltages (safety check).

Note:

Do not depress the PUSH-TO-TEST button if voltage is present.

ON:

PUSH-TO-TEST button is d epres s ed and he ld down for the duration

of the test. This is for insulation resistance tests.

LOCK-IN:

90° to lock into position. This is for insulation resistance tests of long duration such as the Time Resistance or Absorption Test.

PUSH-TO-TEST button is depressed and turned clockwise

- 12 -

Megohmmeter Model 1000N/1100N

Utilizing the Guard Terminal

Guard terminals are useful when measuring high resistance values and for stabilizing readings.

When testing the insulation at the end of a cable, it is necessary to eliminate the error from surface leakage which occurs, particularly at high resistance values. The guard terminal provides a third terminal within the path of the surface leakage “E”. Connect the instrument as shown in Figure 3.

ABCD

The guard terminal is useful when measureing very high resistance values.

Conductor

Line (-)

Terminal

Insulation

Guard

Terminal

Exposed

Surface

Shield

to Earth (+) Terminal

Figure 3

If there is no shield at “B”, use a copper wire wound several times around the exposed surface “B”. (Note: If a shield is not available and you do not make up a shield around “B” and connect to the guard terminal (-), the measurement will be

No Connection to

Guard Terminal

erroneous and lead to confusion as to the cable’s condition.)

If the guard terminal is

not connected at “B”, the instrument measures the current “I” flowing through the insulation and a surface leakage current

“i

”. See Figure 4.

Figure 4

To EARTH

Terminal

To LINE Terminal

- 13 -

Megohmmeter Model 1000N/1100N

When the guard term inal is connected at “B”, the instrument meas ures the current “I” and not the surface leakage current “i included in the m easurement. See Figure 5. This type of m easurement will give the true value of the resistance “Rx”, providing the “Ry” and

”, which is not

To Guard

Terminal

“Rz” are not too low.

To EARTH

Terminal

To LINE Terminal

Figure 5

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Insulation resistance tests are to be car ried o ut on n on-en ergize d circ uits only. Voltage measurements are made as a safety precaution. If any voltage is present do not proceed with insulati on resistance t esting. This instrument can measure both AC or DC voltages. For voltage measurements, proceed as follows:

•

The PUSH-TO-TEST button should be in the OFF position.

•

Connec t the instrum ent with the vo ltage lea ds connect ed bet ween the

Line (-) and Earth (+) terminals on the unit.

•

Read the voltage directl y on the volta ge sc al e.

- LINE

+ EARTH

MEGOHMMETER

Figure 6

- 14 -

Megohmmeter Model 1000N/1100N

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When the PUSH-TO- TEST button is in the ON or LO CK-IN position, an audible signal wil l result. This s ignal consists of approxim ately one beep every six seconds (ten beeps per minute). The signal c an be used as a time base for monitoring the duration of the test. On the MΩ and G ranges, the signal indicates that the instrument is i n operation and that the selected DC test voltage may be present on the terminals of the instrument.

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•

The equipment should b e taken off the line suff iciently in advance to

permit it to cool to ambient temperature.

•

When you are testing windings, they should be clean and dry; let

solvents and cleaners evaporate. Should foreign matter or wet surfaces be present, erroneous readings may result. (A clean, dry sample’s resistanc e ma y rise for 5 to 15 m inutes , where as a wet, dir ty one will stabilize quick l y).

•

Make sure that the equipment tested is properly discharged and

grounded before testing.

•

When testing individual windings, connect all other windings (not

under test) together and ground to motor frame.

•

When testing phases, be sure they are open to test each individually.

•

Af ter applying a tes t voltage , allo w sufficient d ischarge time. As a rule,

discharge twice as long as tested.

Note:

The instrument voltmeter will indicate the discharge volt age at the

terminals.

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- 15 -

Megohmmeter Model 1000N/1100N

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Conductor under test

Figure 7 shows the connections to measure the insulation of one conductor to the other conductors. The cable should be disconnected at both ends to avoid leakage through switchboards and panels.

GUARD

+ EARTH- LINE

MEGOHMMETER

Figure 7

Figures 8 and 9 sho w the connection f or testing ins ulation f rom a supply conductor to a ground (motor frame). The connection to the guard terminal is used to eliminate the effects of surface leakage across exposed insulation at one end of the cable . Refer to the sec tion “ Utilizing the Guard Terminal.” T he cable should b e disconnected at both ends to avoid leakage through switchboards and panels.

Conductor under test

GUARD

+ EARTH- LINE

MEGOHMMETER

Figure 8

- 16 -

Conductor under test

Megohmmeter Model 1000N/1100N

GUARD

+ EARTH- LINE

MEGOHMMETER

Figure 9

Figure 10 shows the connections to a transformer. Make sure that the switches and/or circu it breakers on both sides are o pen. Check the high voltage winding to ground, low voltage to ground, and the resistance between them with no winding grounded.

Winding under test

Transformer grounding lug

GUARD

+ EARTH- LINE

MEGOHMMETER

Figure 10

- 17 -

Megohmmeter Model 1000N/1100N

Figure 11 shows the conn ections f or meas uring the insulation of a thre ephase line to ground by connecting the jumpers between phases. This gives a reading of all conductors at once. If a load such as a motor, heater, etc., is attached to the other end of the line, it will read the l oad resistance to ground at the same time. By removing the jumpers, readings can be made between the individual conductors and ground.

Jumper

GUARD

+ EARTH- LINE

MEGOHMMETER

Figure 11

- 18 -

Megohmmeter Model 1000N/1100N

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Figure 12 shows reading the resistance to ground of a threephase motor winding. Since the three-phase motors are internally connected, it is only necessary to connect one lead to the motor lead and the other lead to the motor frame as shown.

GUARD

+ EARTH- LINE

MEGOHMMETER

Figure 13 shows the windings of a three-phase motor separated. Sometimes this can be done at the lead terminals while other times the end bells must be removed to get at the lead wires of the coils. By connecting the m egohmmeter as shown, the phase insulation resistance value can now be determined. Read between phases “A” and “B”, then “B” and “C”, then “C” and “A”.

Figure 12

GUARD

+ EARTH- LINE

MEGOHMMETER

Figure 13

- 19 -

Megohmmeter Model 1000N/1100N

Figure 14 shows connections for testing insulation from a supply conductor in a switchbox to ground (m otor frame). An identical t est may be carried out from the motor starter.

Connect to one leg on

the motor side of the switch

Starter in

Grounded

motor frame

GUARD

+ EARTH- LINE

MEGOHMMETER

Figure 14

- 20 -

Megohmmeter Model 1000N/1100N

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Insulation is the m aterial betwe en two points of different potent ial which, through high resistivity, prevents the flow of current between those points. Insulation f ailure is one of the most comm on problems associated with electrical equipm ent breakdown.

A megohmmeter is an insulation resist ance tester whic h is essentia lly a high resistance ohmmeter (MΩ or greater) providin g a high DC potential (up to 5000V). This high potent ial causes lo w amounts of c urrent to flow through and over the insulation which is under test.

Many factors can cause insu lation to fail: m echanical dam age, moisture, heat, foreign debris, corrosion, etc. As time passes, these factors combine to perm it excessive current to flo w through insulation at points where it would norm ally be bloc ked by the insu lation resistance. Usua lly, the resistance on degrading insulation will drop gradually, providing plenty of warning. Other times it will drop suddenly, as when it is immersed. With periodic r esistance tests and good rec ord keeping, it is possible to get an acc urate picture of the insulat ion condition. Insulation resistance testing is intende d to in dica te n ot onl y if equipment is bad, but also whether it is becoming bad.

Resistance of many types of insulation can vary greatly with temperature. The resistance data obtained should be corrected to the standard temperature for the class of equipment under test.

Please note that although we present information on test procedures, values and recomm ended freque ncy of testing , the manuf acturer of your particular piece of equipment is the definitive source for testing parameters and procedures. While we refer to commonly applied ru les and practices, every test will not be practical to each piece of electrical equipment in your facility.

- 21 -

Megohmmeter Model 1000N/1100N

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SPOT READING TEST

Method

For this test, the m egohmmeter is connect ed acros s the insulati on of the windings of the m ac hine bei ng t es ted . A tes t vol tag e is a pp li ed f or a fixed period of time, usually 60 seconds, and a reading is taken. The spot reading test should only be carried out when the wind ing temperature is above the dewpoi nt so that the reading may be corrected to a base temperature of 20°C (68°F).

Test Duration

To obtain comparable results, tests must be of the same duration. Usually the reading is taken after 60 seconds.

Interpreting the Results

Proper interpretation of spot reading tests requires access to r ecords of results from previous spot re ading tests . For concl usive resu lts, only use results from tests performed at the same test voltage for the same amount of time under similar temperature and humidity conditions. These readings are used to p lot a c urv e of the his t ory of insulation resist anc e. A curve showing a downward trend usually indicates a loss of insulation resistance due to unfavorable conditions such as humidity, dust accumulation, etc. A very sharp drop indicates an insulation failure.

. The operator shou ld note the winding temperature

RATIO TESTING

In time resistance reading (die lect ric absor pt ion r ati o), r ead in gs are taken at 30 seconds and 60 seconds to obtain the dielectric absorption ratio.

Insulation resistance @ 60s Insulation resistance @ 30s

This test is useful for increas ing the accurac y of spot testing. I n general, a ratio of 1.25 to 2 or bett er shou ld be required. (B el o w 1 .1 is dangero us;

1.1 to 1.25 is quest ionable; 1.25 to 1.4 is fair; and 1. 4 to 2 and above is good.) A ratio below this indicates that repair is probably needed.

Dewpoint temperature is the temperature at which the moisture vapor in the air condenses as a liquid.

= Dielectric Absorption Ratio (DAR)

- 22 -

Megohmmeter Model 1000N/1100N

Remember that a DC insulation tes t m ay be used for acceptanc e testi ng, but is more commonly used to check the gradual deterioration of equipment over its lifetime. Consult your equipment manufacturer for specific test or test voltage if not known.

Insulation resistance decreases with moisture, tem perature and age, and should be recorded over time at a given temperature and corrected.

DIELECTRIC ABSORPTION TEST

Method

This test is based on the comparison of absorption characteristics of good insulation vs. the absorpt ion characteristics of humid or other wise contaminated insulatio n. During the test, a test voltage is ap plied for an extended period, usual ly 10 m inutes . T he operator takes a rea ding ever y 10 seconds for the first m inute, and then every minute up to 10 minutes . A curve is drawn showing the insulation resistance value versus time.

Test Duration

10 minutes

Interpreting the Results

If the results were plotted on a graph, the slope of the curve would indicate the conditi on of the insulation under test. A good insu lation will show a continual increase in resistance for typically 10 to 15 minutes. Contaminated, moist, or cracked insulation will produce a relatively flat curve.

A ratio known as the

polarization index

can be obtained by dividing the value from the 10-minute reading by the value from the one-minute reading. This polarization index is indicative of the slope of the curve.

A low polarization index usually indicates excessive moisture and contamination. On larg e motors or gener ators, values as h igh as 10 are commonly expected.

Polarization index =

10-minute reading 1-minute reading

The IEEE Std 43-1974

lists the following minimum values for the

polarization index for AC and DC rotating machines:

Class A: 1.5 Class B: 2.0 Class C: 2.0

IEEE Std. 43-1974, -

Recommended Practice for Testing Insulation Resistance of Rotating Machinery

- 23 -

Megohmmeter Model 1000N/1100N

STEP VOLTAGE TEST

Method

In this test, the operat or applies two or m ore test volt ages in steps . The recommended ratio f or the test voltage s teps is 1 to 5. A t eac h step , test voltage should be applied for the same length of time, usually 60 seconds. The applic ation of i ncreased voltage creates electr ical s tresses on internal insulat ion c rack s . This c an revea l aging and physical dam age even in relatively dry and clean insulation which would not have been apparent at lower voltages.

Test Duration

A series of “steps,” each step lasting 60 seconds.

Interpreting the Results

Compare the readings taken at diff erent voltage levels, looking for an y excessive reduction in ins ulation resistance va lues at the higher voltage levels. Insulation that is thoroughly dry, clean, and without physical damage should provide roughly the same resistance values despite changes in test voltage levels . If r es is tance values decrease substantiall y when tested at higher voltag e levels, t his should s erve as a warning that insulation quality may be deteriorating due to dirt, moisture, cracking, aging, etc.

- 24 -

Megohmmeter Model 1000N/1100N

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Insulation resistance measurements are changed by variations in temperature of the insulation material. T ypically, when the temperature goes up, the insulation resistance will go down. Inversely, when the temperature drops the insulat ion r es istanc e wi ll inc reas e in va lu e.

The best way to obtain consistent measurement results is to test the insulation at a standard temperature, typically 68°F (20°C). If the temperature of the material you ar e testing is eith er higher or lo wer than 68°F (20°C), refer to t he temperature correctio n chart (see table). As a general rule the insulation resistance value may be corrected by:

•

Halving the resistance meas urement value for every 10°C above t he

base temperature of 68°F (20°C), or

•

Doubling the resistance value for every 10°C below 68°F (20°C)

°C °F

0320.25

5410.36 10 50 0.50 15 59 0.75 20 68 1.00 25 77 1.40 30 86 1.98 35 95 2.80 40 104 3.95 45 113 5.60 50 122 7.85 55 131 11.20 60 140 15.85 65 149 22.40 70 158 31.75 75 167 44.70 80 176 63.50

Multiplication

Factor

- 25 -

Megohmmeter Model 1000N/1100N

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Insulation resistance values are a function of the type of insulating material. The actual value you read may vary greatly and is not as important as the trends of the values over time. This is why the resistance measurem ent must be tak en in a greater context. Some other factors to consider are:

Previous Testing Results

These are very important, since they will indicate the decline in the insulation resistance over time. All new equipm ent should be tested and documented to serve as a benchmark for future testing.

Careful Visual Inspection

By taking a very close l ook at the equipment you are testing it may be possible to see crack s, exc essive m ois ture, burn m ark s, etc ., which m a y, over time, cause catastrophic equipment failure.

Manufacturers’ Recommendations for Specific Equipment

The definitive sour ce for information o n a specific piece of equipment is its manufacturer. Most manufacturers will provide basic information about the insulation resistance which may be encountered during testing.

Comparisons with Similar Equipment

Similar equipment should provide similar insulation resistance values. This would also remain true when testing cables. For three-phase systems, it would be v ery useful to compare r es isti ve values bet wee n th e phases.

By performing insulation resis tance tests regularl y and recordin g the test results, it may be possible to predict failure by detecting a downward trend in the resistance. Careful notations should be made as to time/date, temperature, applications, etc.

The information co ntained in this manual is intended only as a g uide to acceptable procedure; it is not inte nded to be used as a tes t spec ific ation for specific electrical equipment.

- 26 -

Megohmmeter Model 1000N/1100N

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Upon receiving your shipment, check that the contents agree with the packing slip. Notify your distributor at once of any shortages. If the equipment appears to be damaged, file a claim immediately with your carrier, and notify your distributor at o nce, gi ving a det ailed des cript ion of the damages. Save t he damaged pac king container to s ubstantiate your claims.

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ESD Conductivity Tes t Kit Megohmmeter Model 1 100N (Cat. #2110.03) is shipped with the AEMC weights, 25-foot shielded lead, two safety leads, an alligator clip, test probe, batteries, carrying case and ins tr uct ion manual.

Model 1000N megohmmeter, two floor

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1000V Megohmmeter...........................................................

Cat. #2110.02

Fuse, set of one, 0.3A ..........................................................

Floor weights, set of two.......................................................

Carrying case........................................................................

Set of 3 leads for 1100N.......................................................

7-Pin shielded lead, 25-ft, for 1100N/5100...........................

AC power supply module with line cord and plug for

switch-selectable 110/220V

Fuse, set of five, 0.1A slow-blow for AC supply module ......

Replacement Leads for Model 1100

Set of leads: 25-ft shielded lead, two safety leads,

alligator clip and test probe...................................................

at 47 to 400Hz.....................

- 27 -

Cat. #100.429 Cat. #2118.05 Cat. #2118.07 Cat. #2118.42 Cat. #2118.26

Cat. #100.142 Cat. #100.438

Cat. #2118.06

Megohmmeter Model 1000N/1100N

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ESD Conductivity Test Kit Megohmmeter Model 1100N Kit (Cat. #2110.03) is designed specifically for floor resistance testing in areas where electrostatic discharge is a problem, such as computer rooms, electronic assembly rooms, hospitals, etc. The kit includes a 1000V megohmmeter which features excellent resolution in the critical 10

Ω

ranges, and fine r esolution up to 1 0

Ω

; 25-foot shielded lead; and two floor weights - NFPA probes for consistent and repeatable contact with the surface under test. The Model 1100N is useful for testing effectiveness of conductive carpets, mats, tables, chairs, etc.

The Model 1000N is es pecially su ited for this t ype of measur ement, due to high accuracy and resolution in the megohm and gigohm ranges.

Conductivity testers are im portant in any operation wher e the presence of electrostatic discharge charges poses a danger to personnel or the operation of electronic equipment.

There are several standards in the industry which may be referenced when performing ESD testing of conductive flooring or tiles.

Standard 99

Reduction in Electrostatic Hazar d

National Fire Protection Association Batterymarch Park Quincy, MA 02269

Standard F 150-72

Electrical Resistance of Conductive Resilient Flooring

American Society for Testing and Materials 1916 Race St. Philadelphia, PA 19103

Standard #4 EOS/ESD

Standard for Protection of Electrostatic Discharge Susceptible Items

EOS/ESD Association inc. 201 Mill St. Rome, NY 13440

Additional standar ds and specific recomm endations for your application may be obtained from equipment and flooring manufacturers.

- 28 -

Megohmmeter Model 1000N/1100N

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INSULATION TESTS

DC Test Voltages:

50, 100, 250, 500, 1000V

Megohm Ranges:

For each test voltage two direct reading ranges: 1 to 1000MΩ (10 1 to 1000GΩ (10

to 10

Ω

)

Ω

)

Short Circuit Current: Accuracy:

5% of reading typical

5mA (max)

Charging Time:

MΩ range: 0.3 seconds/µF GΩ range: 4 seconds/µF

Discharging Time:

Automatic discharge when test button is released; 0.1 seconds/µF

Scale:

Two large overlapping scales: 4.7" (119mm) for each range

Test Voltage Generation:

Solid state circuitry generating rated test voltage across the full range

RESISTANCE TESTS

Test Current: Kilohm Range: Maximum Test Voltage: Accuracy:

Constant 1mA DC

1 to 1000kΩ (1MΩ)

1200V

5% of reading typical

CONTINUITY TESTS

Resistance Range:

0.1 to 100Ω; 3Ω mid-scale

Accuracy:

6% of reading

Audible Tone:

Continuous for continuity resistances under 200

Fuse:

High interrupting capacity (0.315A)

- 29 -

Ω

Megohmmeter Model 1000N/1100N

VOLTAGE TESTS (SAFETY CHECK)

Voltage Range: Accuracy:

3% of full scale

0 to 600V

AC/DC

GENERAL SP E CIFICATIONS

Audible Test Signal:

Ten beeps per minute (constant tone for continuity resistance under 200Ω)

Power Supply:

Eight 1.5V “AA” alkaline batteries (NEDA 15A). Typical battery life: 350 one-minute tests; power consumed only when test button is depressed; built-in battery check by green LED

Option:

110/220V selectable, 47 to 400Hz AC supply module

Dielectric Test:

4000V

Fuse Protection:

0.3A high interrupting capacity fuse between line and guard terminals

Meter Mov e ment : Dimensions: Weight:

7.7 x 5.2 x 3.75" (196 x 132 x 95mm)

2.2 lbs (1 kg)

Temperature Range:

, 50/60 Hz, 1 minute

Rugged taut band suspension

23° to 122°F (-5° to +50°C)

Case:

High impact gray polycarbonate

Terminals:

Color-coded safety terminals; guard terminal eliminates surface leakage errors

- 30 -

Megohmmeter Model 1000N/1100N

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The Model 1100N is powered by eight 1.5V “AA” batteries. To replace the batteries, disconnect the instrument from any circuits, verify the PUSH-TO-TEST button is in the OFF position and proceed as follows:

•

Unscrew the four standard screws on the f our corners of the battery

pack and remove the battery pack.

•

Replace the batteries, observing the proper polarities.

•

Replace the battery case, taking care n ot t o p inch the connect ing wire,

and tighten the four screws.

Access panel

screws

Access panel

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The optional AC supply module (Cat. #100 .142) provides power to the

Model 1100N at 110 or 220V designed to plug into the back portion of the instrument, directly replacing the batteries. The module is protected by a 0.1A slow blow

Note:

fuse.

•

Unscrew the four screws on the corners of the back panel battery

pack.

•

Disconnect and remove the battery pack.

•

Connect the AC supply module to the power supply connector.

•

Place the AC supply module into the back of the instrument and

tighten the four corn er screws, making sure not to p inch the wires of the power supply connector.

•

With the tip of a screwdriver, select the proper voltage with the

110/220 supply switch on the back panel of the AC supply module

•

Plug AC supply cord into the appropriate voltage receptacle.

Cat. #100.142 is supplied with 110V US plug.

. The AC power supply module is

- 31 -

Megohmmeter Model 1000N/1100N

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Background

There are numerous standar ds currently being de veloped for m easuring conductive flooring resistance under 100V and 500V. Actual resistance values vary from specification to specification, but 10 typical values. The follo wing simplified procedure is a n ex tr a pol ation from the ASTM standard F 150-72. You ma y also refer to other so urces, such as the NFPA or EOS/ESD for alternate procedures.

General Notes

The floor sample should consist of a section covering 48 x 48 inches (1.22 x 1.22 meters) in area.

When the sample is to be tested after installation, the test area dimensions should not exceed a section of floor 20 x 20 feet (6 x 6 meters).

Conditioning

Whenever possible, condit ion the test area at least twenty-four ho urs at

73.4°F ±1.8°F (23°C ±1°C) and 50% ±5% RH and test under the sam e conditions.

to 10

Ω

are

Test Procedure

For uninstalled panels:

General Notes #1 on a nonconductive surfac e and lightly wipe with a lint-free cloth to rem ove any foreign material prior to the placing of the weights. Place the weights 2" (50.8 mm ) in from an edge of the sample and 36" (914.4 mm) apart. Apply 500 volts and take a reading five seconds after application of the voltage.

For installed panels:

least 36" (914.4 mm) from any ground connections or grounded object resting on the floor sample described in General Notes #2. Apply 500 volts and take a reading five seconds after application of the voltage.

3. Unless otherwise spec ified, make five measurem ents on each floor

section with the weights at different loc ations for each m easurement and record the value of two significant figures (see Figure 16).

Place the dry specimen as described in

Place the weights 36" (914.4 mm) apart and at

- 32 -

Megohmmeter Model 1000N/1100N

4. Repeat the above procedure with the megohmmeter connected

between one weight and a k nown electrical groun d (see Figure 17). In the case of an unins talled floor sample as in step #1, the ground should be part of the s ample panel. In the cas e of an insta lled floor sample as in step #2 , the ground should be a water pipe or known electrical ground. Interchange the leads at the megohmmeter for each measurement and report the average value obtained as the value for that measurement.

5. When finished, turn off the megohmmeter and return it to the case.

Note:

If the resistance changes with time during a measurement, the value observed after about 5 seconds shall be considered to be the measured value.

Table Top

Electrodes

36 "

GUARD

+ EARTH- LINE

MEGOHMMETER

Figure 16

- 33 -

Megohmmeter Model 1000N/1100N

Table Top

Groundable Points

Electrode

GUARD

+ EARTH- LINE

MEGOHMMETER

Figure 17

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Specific measur ement results for eac h in di vi du al app lic at io n of the Model 1100N are difficult to determine. The definitive information on which voltage level to apply, as well as whic h meas urem ent values will indicat e a proper resistivity, should be determined by the manufacturer of the conductive flooring or tiles.

The following va lues (based on EOS/ESD, S4.1-199 0) may serve as a minimum resistivity level which has been proven to provide an appropriate level of protection in the manufacturing environment.

Resistance from test electrode to a groundable point (Figure 17):

Measured value: ≤ 10,000 megohms (10 gigohm s )

Resistance from electrode to electrode (Figure 16):

Measured value: ≥ 1 megohm

- 34 -

Megohmmeter Model 1000N/1100N

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Warning:

•

For maintenance use only original factory replacement parts.

•

To avoid electrical shock, do not attempt to perform any servicing

unless you are qualified to do so.

•

Do not perform any service while the Megohmmeter Model

1000N/1100N is on any circuit.

•

To avoid electrical shock and/or damage to the instrument, do not let

water or other foreign agents into the electronic module.

Cleaning:

The megohmmeter may be gently cleaned with a soft cloth, soap and water. Dry immediately after cleaning. Avoid water penetration into the electronic module.

Make sure the megohmmeter and all leads are dry before further use.

- 35 -

Megohmmeter Model 1000N/1100N

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To guarantee that your instrument complies with the factory specifications, we recommend that the megohmmeter be submitted to our factory service center at one-year intervals for recalibration, or as required by other standards.

For instrument repair and calibration: Call (800) 945-2362 (X360) • (603) 749-6434 • Fax: (603) 742-2346

Chauvin Arnoux d.b.a. AEMC 15 Faraday Drive

Dover, NH 03820 USA (Or contact your authorized distributor.) Costs for repair, standard calibration, and calibration traceable to N.I.S.T.

are available.

Note: All customers must call for a CSA# before returning any instrument.

, Inc.

Instruments

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If you are experiencing any technica l pro bl ems, or require any as s istanc e with the proper use or application of this instrument, please call our technical hotline:

Chauvin Arnoux

d.b.a. AEMC

Phone: (800) 343-1391

(508) 698-2115 Fax: (508) 698-2118

www.aemc.com

, Inc.

Instruments

- 36 -

Chauvin Arnoux®, Inc. d.b.a AEMC® Instruments

99-MAN 100020 v7 01/02

15 Faraday Drive • Dover, NH 03820, USA

www.aemc.com

Aemc instruments 1100N, 1000N User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Table of Contents

INSULATION TESTS

RESISTANCE TESTS

CONTINUITY TESTS

VOLTAGE TESTS (SAFETY CHECK)

SPOT READING TEST

RATIO TESTING

DIELECTRIC ABSORPTION TEST

STEP VOLTAGE TEST

INSULATION TESTS

RESISTANCE TESTS

CONTINUITY TESTS

VOLTAGE TESTS (SAFETY CHECK)

GENERAL SP E CIFICATIONS

Background

General Notes

Conditioning

Test Procedure

Warning:

Cleaning: