AEMC CA6116 Operating Manual
INSTALLATION TESTER
C.A 6116
E N G L I S H
User's manual
WARNING, risk of DANGER! The operator agrees to refer to these instructions whenever this danger symbol appears.
Equipment protected by double insulation.
Polarity of the supply connector with direct voltage.
The CE marking guarantees conformity with European directives.
The rubbish bin with a line through it means that in the European Union, the product must undergo selective disposal
for the recycling of electric and electronic material, in compliance with Directive WEEE 2002/96/EC.
Definition of measurement categories:
Measurement category IV corresponds to measurements taken at the source of low-voltage installations.
Example: power feeders, counters and protection devices.
Measurement category III corresponds to measurements on building installations.
Example: distribution panel, circuit-breakers, machines or fixed industrial devices.
Measurement category II corresponds to measurements taken on circuits directly connected to low-voltage installations.
Example: power supply to electro-domestic devices and portable tools.
Measurement category I corresponds to measurements taken on circuits not directly connected to the network.
Example: protected electronic circuits.
Thank you for purchasing a C.A 6116 installation tester. To obtain the best service from your unit:
read these operating instructions carefully,
comply with the precautions for use.
PRECAUTIONS FOR USE
This device is protected against accidental voltages of not more than 600V with respect to earth in measurement category III or
300V with respect to earth in measurement category IV. The protection provided by the device may be compromised if it is used
other than as specified by the manufacturer.
Do not exceed the maximum rated voltage and current and the measurement category.
Never exceed the protection limits indicated in the specifications.
Comply with the conditions of use, namely the temperature, the humidity, the altitude, the degree of pollution, and the place
of use.
Do not use the device or its accessories if they seem damaged.
To recharge the battery, use only the mains adapter unit provided with the device.
Use connection accessories of which the overvoltage category and service voltage are greater than or equal to those of the
measuring device (600V CAT III).
Troubleshooting and metrological checks must be done only by accredited skilled personnel.
Wear the appropriate protective gear.
2
CONTENTS
1. FIRST START-UP ...................................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1. Unpacking
1.2. Charging the battery
1.3. Carrying the device
1.4. Choice of language
2. PRESENTATION OF THE DEVICE ...........................................................................................................................................7
2.1. Functions of the device
2.2. Keypad
2.3. Display unit
2.4. USB port
3. PROCEDURE ......................................................................................................................................................................... 10
3.1. Voltage measurement
3.2. Resistance and continuity measurement
3.3. Insulation resistance measurement
3.4. 3P earth resistance measurement
3.5. Loop impedance measurement (Z
3.6. Measurement of the line impedance (Z
3.7. Earth measurement on live circuit (Z
3.8. Selective earth measurement on live circuit
3.9. Test of residual current device
3.10. Current measurement
3.11. Direction of phase rotation
3.12. Power measurement
3.13. Harmonics
3.14. Compensation for the resistance of the measurement leads
3.15. Adjustment of the alarm threshold
4. ERROR REPORTING ............................................................................................................................................................. 55
4.1. No connection
4.2. Out of measurement range
4.3. Presence of dangerous voltage
4.4. Invalid measurement
4.5. Device too hot
4.6. Check of internal protection devices
5. SET-UP .................................................................................................................................................................................... 58
6. MEMORY FUNCTION ............................................................................................................................................................ 60
6.1. Organization of the memory and navigation
6.2. Entering the storage function
6.3. Create a tree
6.4. Record the measurement
6.5. Read the records
6.6. Erasure
6.7. Errors
7. DATA EXPORT SOFTWARE .................................................................................................................................................. 66
8. TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS ........................................................................................................................................ 67
8.1. General reference conditions
8.2. Electrical characteristics............................................................................................................................................... 67
8.3. Variations in the range of use
8.4. Intrinsic uncertainty and operating uncertainty
8.5. Power supply
8.6. Environmental conditions
8.7. Mechanical characteristics
8.8. Conformity to international standards
8.9. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
9. DEFINITIONS OF SYMBOLS ................................................................................................................................................. 82
10. MAINTENANCE .................................................................................................................................................................... 84
10.1. Cleaning
10.2. Replacing the battery
10.3. Resetting the device
10.4. Metrological check
10.5. Repair
11. WARRANTY ......................................................................................................................................................................... 86
12. TO ORDER ............................................................................................................................................................................ 87
12.1. Accessories
12.2. Replacement parts
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S
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a
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3
1.1. UNPACKING
x 5
PRÉCAUTIONS D’EMPLOI
Cetappareilestprotégécontredes tensionsaccidentellesn’excédantpas600V parrapportàla terreen
catégoriedemesureIII ou 300 V parrapport à la terre en catégorie demesure IV. La protectionassurée
par l’appareil peut-être compromise si celui-ci est utilisé de façon non spécifiée par le constructeur.
Respectez la tension et l’intensité maximales assignées ainsi que la catégorie de mesure.
Ne dépassez jamais les valeurs limites de protection indiquées dans les spécifications.
Respectezlesconditionsd’utilisation,àsavoirlatempérature,l’humidité,l’altitude,ledegréde pollution
et le lieud’utilisation.
N’utilisez pas l’appareil ou ses accessoires s’ils paraissent endommagés.
Pourle recharg e de laba tterie, utilisezu niquement lebloc adaptateur secteur fourniav ec
l’appareil.
Utilisezdesaccessoires de branchement dont la catégorie de surtensionet la tension de service
sont supérieures ou égales à celles de l’appareil de mesure (600 V CAT III).
Touteprocédurededépannageou de vérificationmétrologique doit être effectuéepar du personnel
compétent et agréé.
Utilisez les moyens de protection adaptés.
ATTENTION, risque de DANGER !
L’opérateurs’engageà consulter laprésente notice à chaquefois que ce symbolede
danger est rencontré.
Appareil protégé par une isolation double.
Polarité du connecteur d’alimentation en tension continue.
Le marquage CE atteste la conformité aux directives européennes.
Lapoubelle barrée signifie que,dans l’Union Européenne,le produit doitfaire l’objet
d’untrisélectif des déchets pour le recyclagedes matériels électriques et électroniques
conformément à la directive WEEE 2002/96/EC.
Définition des catégories de mesure :
Lacatégoriede mesure IV correspond aux mesurages réalisésà la source de l’installation basse
tension.
La catégorie de mesure III correspond aux mesurages réalisés dans l’installation du bâtiment.
Lacatégoriedemesure II correspondaux mesurages réalisés sur lescircuits directement branchés
à l’installation basse tension.
LacatégoriedemesureI correspond aux mesuragesréalisés sur des circuitsnon reliés directement
au réseau.
FICHE DE SÉCURITÉ DU C.A 6116 (FR)
Vousvenez d’acquérir uncontrôleur d’installation C.A 6 116 et nousvous remercionsde votre
confiance.
Pour obtenir le meilleur service de votre appareil :
lisez attentivement cette notice de fonctionnement,
respectez les précautions d’emploi.
04 - 2009
Code 691923A01 - Ed. 1
~
11
12
13
1. FIRST START-UP
One mains charger for the battery.
1
Data export software and a USB cord.
2
One mains measuring cable.
3
One measuring cable, 3 safety leads.
4
Three probe tips (red, blue, and green).
5
Three alligator clips (red, blue, and green).
6
Two elbowed-straight safety leads (red and black).
7
One 4-point hands-free strap.
8
One hand strap.
9
One remote probe.
10
One carrying bag.
11
Five user’s manuals (1 per language) on CD-ROM.
12
Five safety sheets (1 per language).
13
4
> 110 Vac
< 240 Vac
50 / 60 Hz
Battery
loading...
Loading
completed.
1.2. CHARGING THE BATTERY
Before the first use, start by fully charging the battery. The charging must be done between 10 and 35°C.
Battery charging connector of the device.
The indicator of the
device lights.
Charging time:
approximately 5h
After prolonged storage, the battery may be fully discharged. In this case, the first charge may take longer and the indicator on
the device flashes for the first few minutes.
Set the switch to OFF, but charging is possible when the device is not off,
The indicator goes
off.
1.3. CARRYING THE DEVICE
The 4-point hands-free strap will let you use the device while leaving
your hands free. Snap the four fasteners of the strap onto the four
lugs on the device.
Pass the strap around your neck.
Adjust the length of the strap, then the tilt of the device.
5
SET UP
OFF
1.4. CHOICE OF LANGUAGE
OK
OK
SET-UP
Before using the device, first choose the language in which you want the device to display messages.
Set the switch to SET-UP.
Use the directional keypad to select the languages icon:
Press the OK key to validate your
choice.
Select your language, from among those proposed, using the
keys and validate by pressing the OK key again.
6
2. PRESENTATION OF THE DEVICE
SET UP
OFF
OK
TEST
Switch for selection
of the measurement
function or SETUP.
USB port for data
transfer to a PC.
Indicator light.
Directional keypad:
four navigation keys
and one validation
key.
TEST button to start
the measurements.
Backlight lighting and adjust-
ment key (contrast and bright-
ness).
Connection ter-
minals.
Help key.
Stud for clipping
on th e 4 -po i nt
hands-free strap.
Four function
keys.
7
Battery charging con-
nector.
2.1. FUNCTIONS OF THE DEVICE
The C.A. 6116 installation tester is a portable measuring device with a monochrome graphic display. It is powered by a rechargeable battery with a built-in charger and external power supply unit.
This device is intended to check the safety of electrical installations. It can be used to test a new installation before it is powered
up, to check an existing installation, whether in operation or not, or to diagnose a malfunction in an installation.
Measurement
functions
Controls one thirteen-position switch, one five-key navigator, one keypad with four function keys, one context-
Display 5.7» (115 x 86mm) monochrome graphic LCD display unit, 1/4 VGA (320 x 240 points), with possibility of
voltage
continuity and resistance
insulation resistance
earth resistance (with 3 rods)
loop impedance (Zs)
earth resistance on live circuit (with an auxiliary probe)
selective earth resistance (with a auxiliary probe and an optional current clamp)
line impedance (Zi)
test of residual current devices in ramp mode
test of residual current devices in pulse mode
current (with an optional current clamp)
detection of direction of phase rotation
power (single-phase or balanced three-phase) with display of the voltage and/or current curves
harmonics in voltage and current (with an optional clamp)
sensitive help key, one backlight key, and one TEST button.
backlighting.
2.2. KEYPAD
The actions of the 4 function keys are indicated on the display unit by adjacent icons. They depend on the context.
The help key can be used in all functions. The help function is context-sensitive: it depends on the function.
The directional keypad comprises four navigation keys and one validation key.
In addition to lighting the backlighting, the key is used to adjust:
the contrast of the screen
the brightness of the backlighting
+
sustained
press
+
or
or
sustained
press
8
2.3. DISPLAY UNIT
LOOP ZS
02/09/2009 10:47
50 . 0 Ω 50 . 1 Hz
L-PE 230.3 V
L-N 230.4 V
N-PE 0.8 V
12 mA
6 %
➀
➅
➈
➁
➂
➃
➄
➆
➇
Top strip
1
Date and time
2
Alarm threshold
3
Frequency measured
4
Condition of the battery
5
Icons representing the functions of the keys
6
2.4. USB PORT
The USB port of the device is used to transfer the stored data to a PC. This operation requires the prior installation of a specific
peripheral driver and other software.
The USB cord and the associated software are supplied with the device.
➉
11
Position of the phase on the socket outlet
7
Display of measurement results
8
Bottom strip
9
Name of function
10
Information about the measurement in progress
11
9
3. PROCEDURE
L
L
The device is configured so that it can be used without changing the parameters. For most measurements, simply select the
measurement function by turning the switch and press the TEST key.
However, you can also parameterize the measurements, using the function keys, or the device itself, using SET-UP.
In addition to an intuitive interface, the C.A. 6116 provides complete help in use and analyses and appraisals. Three types of help
function are available:
On-line help before the measurement can be accessed using the
function and important recommendations.
Error messages appear, as soon as the TEST key is pressed, to report connection errors, measurement parameterizing errors,
out-of-range values, defective installations tested, etc.
On-line help associated with the error messages. Messages containing the
for ways to eliminate the error found.
The user is assumed to be at the reference earth potential. He/she must therefore not be insulated from earth: must not wear
insulating shoes or insulating gloves and must not use a plastic object to press the TEST key.
3.1. VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT
3.1.1. DESCRIPTION OF THE MEASUREMENT PRINCIPLE
Whichever function is chosen, the device always starts by measuring the voltage present on its terminals.
key. It indicates the connections to be made for each
icon invite you to look up the on-line help
It separates the alternating voltage from the direct voltage and compares the amplitudes to decide whether the signal is AC or
DC. In the case of an AC signal, the frequency is measured and the device calculates the RMS value of the AC part and displays
it. In the case of a DC signal, the device does not measure its frequency, but calculates its mean value and displays it.
For measurements made at the network voltage, the device checks that the connection is correct and displays the position of
the phase on the socket outlet. It also checks the presence of a protective conductor on the PE terminal by means of the contact
the user makes with his/her finger by touching the TEST key.
3.1.2. MAKING A MEASUREMENT
Connect the leads to the device to be tested. As soon as the device is powered up, it measures the voltages present on its terminals and displays them, whatever the setting of the switch.
The mains socket outlet of the measuring cable is marked with a white reference spot.
: the phase is on the right-hand contact of the mains plug when the white spot is up.
: the phase is on the left-hand contact of the mains plug when the white spot is up.
: the device cannot determine where the phase is, probably because the PE is not con-
nected or the L and PE conductors are interchanged.
Remark : the terminal identified as L is the one that has the highest voltage with respect to PE;
this does not mean that the other terminal is not at a dangerous voltage.
3.1.3. ERROR REPORTING
The only errors reported in voltage measurement are values outside the voltage and/or frequency measurement range. These
errors are reported in clear language on screen.
10
SET UP
OFF
R
3.2. RESISTANCE AND CONTINUITY MEASUREMENT
3.2.1. DESCRIPTION OF THE MEASUREMENT PRINCIPLE
For continuity measurements, the device generates a DC current of 200 or 12 mA, at the user’s discretion, between the W and
COM terminals. It then measures the voltage present between these two terminals and from it deduces the value of R = V/I.
For resistance measurements (current chosen = kW), the device generates a DC voltage between the W and COM terminals. It
then measures the current between these two terminals and from it deduces the value of R = V/I.
In the case of a measurement at high current (200 mA), at the end of one second, the device reverses the direction of the current
and makes another measurement for one second. The result displayed is the mean of these two measurements. It is possible to
make measurements with either the positive or the negative polarity of the current disabled.
For measurements at low current (12 mA or kW), the polarity is positive only.
3.2.2. MAKING A MEASUREMENT
To comply with standard IEC-61557, the measurements must be made at 200 mA. The reversal of the current serves to compensate for any residual electromotive forces and, more important, to check that the continuity is in fact duplex.
When you make continuity measurements that are not contractual, prefer a current of 12 mA. Even though the results cannot be
regarded as those of a normative test, this significantly increases the life of the device between charges and forestalls untimely
tripping of the installations if there is a connection error.
The permanent mode is used to chain measurements without having to press the TEST button each time.
If the object to be measured is permanent, it is better to switch to pulse mode and make a measurement at positive polarity, then
a measurement at negative polarity, manually, in order to leave time for the measurement to settle.
The alarm, if activated, serves to report, by an audible signal, that the measurement is below threshold, making it unnecessary
to look at the display unit to check this point.
Set the switch to W
.
Use the leads to connect the device to be tested between the W and COM terminals of the device. The object to be tested must not be live.
Before starting the measurement, you can configure it by modifying the parameters displayed:
Choice of measurement current: kW, 12 mA or 200 mA (default).
The high current (200 mA) is used to measure only low resistance values, up to 40 W.
The low current (12 mA) is used to make measurements up to 400 W.
The choice kW is used to make resistance measurements up to 400 kW.
To correct for the resistance of the measurement leads (leads and probe tips or alligator clips), for measurements
at 12 and 200 mA (see §3.14).
Pressing the TEST key starts only one measurement (pulse mode).
Pressing the TEST key starts the continuous measurement (permanent mode). To stop
it, you must press the TEST key again. The permanent mode is the default operating
mode.
11
Automatic reversal of polarity for a measurement at 200 mA (default).
6 %
TEST
5 %
CONTINUITY
02/10/2009 10:47
2.00 Ω - - .- Hz
0 . 8 3 Ω
I 2 0 7 . 4 m A
R + 0 . 5 9 Ω
R - 1 . 0 8 Ω
1 %
..\..
1 %
002.00
k Ω
Ω
Measurement at positive polarity only.
Measurement at negative polarity only (for a measurement at 200 mA).
If you want only a single polarity, you must program it again each time you enter the continuity function.
To activate the alarm.
To deactivate the alarm.
To set the alarm threshold; 2W is default (see §3.15).
Before the measurement: to display the measurements already recorded.
During or after the measurement: to record it.
The direction of the arrow indicates whether you can make a reading (arrow pointing out) or a recording (arrow
pointing in).
Once the parameters have been defined, you can start the measurement.
3.2.3. READING OF THE RESULT
In the case of a 200 mA current:
If you selected the pulse mode, press the TEST button once and the measurement stops automatically when it is
over.
If you selected the permanent mode, press the TEST button once to start the measurement and a second time to
stop it, or else press the record key
directly.
Value of the alarm threshold.
Measurement result:
(R+) + (R-)
R =
2
Measurement current.
Measurement with a positive current (R+).
Measurement with a negative current (R-).
Case where the measurement is
below the alarm threshold.
Use the key to see the rest of the
measurement display.
Bipolar measurement.
Compensation for the resistance of
the measurement leads is activated.
Permanent mode.
12
1 8 . 4 Ω
I 1 2 . 3 m A
..\..
2.00 Ω - - .- Hz
1 %
CONTINUITY
02/10/2009 10:47
To see the next display page.
CONTINUITE
10/02/2009 10:47
U Ω 0 . 0 V
1 %
../..
2.00 Ω - - .- Hz
External voltage present on the
terminals just before the start of the
measurement.
Use the key to return to the previous display page.
In the case of a 12 mA current, there is no current reversal and only the main measurement is displayed.
Value of the alarm threshold.
Measurement result.
Current measurement.
Case where the measurement is
above the alarm threshold.
Use the
measurement display.
The polarity of the current is positive.
key to see the rest of the
Compensation for the resistance of
the measurement leads is activated.
Pulse mode.
13
In the case of a resistance measurement (kW), there is no current reversal and no compensation for the measurement leads.
1 . 5 8 k Ω
1 %
..\..
2.00 kΩ - - .- Hz
CONTINUITY
02/10/2009 10:47
Value of the alarm threshold.
Measurement result.
Case where the measurement is
below the alarm threshold.
Use the
measurement display.
Permanent mode.
3.2.4. ERROR REPORTING
The commonest error in the case of a continuity measurement is the presence of a voltage on the terminals. An error message is
displayed if a voltage greater than 0.5 VRMS is detected and you press the TEST button.
In this case, the continuity measurement is not enabled. Eliminate the cause of the interference voltage and start the measurement over.
Another possible error is measurement of an overly inductive load that prevents the measurement current from stabilizing. In this
case, start the measurement in permanent mode with only one polarity and wait for the measurement to stabilize.
For help with connections or any other information, use the on-line help.
key to see the rest of the
14
3.3. INSULATION RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT
SET UP
OFF
R
6 %
0500.0
M Ω
k Ω
L3
PE
N
L1
L2
3.3.1. DESCRIPTION OF THE MEASUREMENT PRINCIPLE
The device generates a DC test voltage greater than the nominal voltage chosen UN between the COM and MW terminals. The
value of this voltage depends on the resistance to be measured: it is greater than or equal to UN when R is greater than or equal
to RN = UN /1 mA, and less otherwise. The device measures the voltage and current present between the two terminals and from
them deduces the value of R = V / I.
3.3.2. MAKING A MEASUREMENT
The alarm, if activated, serves to report, by an audible signal, that the measurement is below threshold, making it unnecessary
to look at the display unit to check this point.
Set the switch to MW.
Generally, an insulation measurement on an installation is made between the interconnected phase(s) and neutral, on the one
hand, and earth, on the other.
Use the leads to connect the device to be tested between the COM and MW
terminals of the device. The object to be tested must not be live.
Remark : To avoid leakage during the insulation measurement, which would
throw off the measurement, it is best not to use the measuring
cable when you make this type of measurement, but two simple
leads.
If the insulation is not sufficient, you must then make the measurement between each of the pairs to locate the fault. It is for this
reason possible to index the recorded value with one of the following values:
L-N/PE, L-N, L-PE, N-PE, L1-PE, L2-PE, L3-PE, L1-N, L2-N, L3-N, L1-L2, L2-L3 or L3-L1
To use the remote control probe, refer to its operating data sheet.
Before starting the measurement, you can configure it by modifying the parameters displayed:
To choose the nominal test voltage UN: 50, 100, 250, 500 (default) or 1000 V.
To activate the alarm.
To deactivate the alarm.
To set the alarm threshold (see §3.15). As default, the threshold is set to
R (kW) = UN / 1 mA.
Before the measurement: to display the measurements already recorded.
During or after the measurement: to record it.
The direction of the arrow indicates whether you can make a reading (arrow pointing out) or a recording (arrow
pointing in).
15
TEST
Once the parameters have been defined, you can start the measurement.
INSULATION
02/11/2009 10:47
500 kΩ - - .- Hz
3 1 . 0 6 MΩ
7 s
2 %
Press TEST until the measurement
is stable
..\..
Keep the TEST button pressed until the measurement is stable. The measurement stops when the TEST button
is released.
Before disconnecting the leads or starting another measurement, wait a few seconds for the device tested to be discharged (when
the
symbol disappears from the display unit).
3.3.3. READING OF THE RESULT
Value of the alarm threshold.
The bargraph provides a rapid quantitative indication of the quality of the
insulation.
Measurement result.
The test voltage UN is present and
dangerous.
To see the next display page.
Duration of the measurement.
Case where the measurement is
above the alarm threshold.
Use the key to see the rest of the
measurement display.
16
INSULATION
02/11/2009 10:47
500 kΩ - - .- Hz
U M Ω 0 . 0 V
../..
2 %
Press TEST until the measurement
is stable
External voltage present on the
terminals just before the start of the
measurement.
Use the
ous display page.
3.3.4. ERROR REPORTING
The commonest error in the case of an insulation measurement is the presence of a voltage on the terminals. If it is greater than
50 V, the insulation measurement is not enabled. Eliminate the voltage and start the measurement over.
The measurement may be unstable, probably because of an overly capacitive load or an insulation fault. In this case, read the
measurement on the bargraph.
For help with connections or any other information, use the on-line help.
key to return to the previ-
17
3.4. 3P EARTH RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT
SET UP
OFF
62% d
d
H
S
050.00
k Ω
Ω
6 %
This function is used to measure an earth resistance with two additional rods, the third rod being constituted by the earth electrode to be tested.
It is possible to make a rapid measurement and measure only RE or else to make a more detailed measurement by also measuring the resistances of the rods.
3.4.1. DESCRIPTION OF THE MEASUREMENT PRINCIPLE
The device generates between the H and E terminals a square wave at a frequency of 128 Hz and an amplitude of 35 V. It measures the resulting current, IHE , along with the voltage present between the S and E terminals, USE. It then calculates the value of
RE = USE/IHE.
To measure the resistances of the RS and RH rods, the device internally reverses the E and S terminals and makes a measurement.
It then does likewise with the E and H terminals.
3.4.2. MAKING A MEASUREMENT
There are several measurement methods. We recommend the «62%» method.
Plant the H and S rods in line with the earth electrode. The distance between the S rod
Set the switch to RE 3P.
and the earth electrode must be approximately 62% of the distance between the H rod
and the earth electrode.
In order to avoid electromagnetic interference, we recommend paying out the full length of
the cables, placing them as far apart as possible, and not making loops.
earth
strap
Connect the cables to the H and S terminals. Power down the installation and disconnect the earth strap. Then connect the E
terminal to the earth electrode to be checked.
The alarm, if activated, serves to report, by an audible signal, that the measurement is above threshold, making it unnecessary
to look at the display unit to check this point.
Before starting the measurement, you can configure it by modifying the parameters displayed:
Choice of type of measurement: rapid, to measure RE only (icon crossed out), or detailed, to measure also rod
resistances RS and RH.
To compensate for the resistance of the lead connected to the E terminal, for measurements of low values (see
§3.14).
To activate the alarm.
To deactivate the alarm.
Before the measurement: to display the measurements already recorded.
During or after the measurement: to record it.
The direction of the arrow indicates whether you can make a reading (arrow pointing out) or a recording (arrow
pointing in).
To set the alarm threshold (see §3.15). As default, the threshold is set to 50W.
18
EARTH 3P
02/12/2009 10:47
50.0 Ω 50.1 Hz
R E 3 2 . 0 8 Ω
R s 1 . 5 8 k Ω
R h 1 . 3 2 k Ω
3 %
..\..
52% d
d
62% d
72% d
H
S
TEST
If the measurement must be made in a damp environment, remember to change the value of maximum contact voltage UL in
Setup (see §5) and set it to 25 V.
Press the TEST button to start the measurement. The measurement stops automatically.
This symbol invites you to wait while the measurement is in progress.
Do not forget to reconnect the earth strap at the end of the measurement
before powering the installation back up.
3.4.3. READING OF THE RESULT
Value of the alarm threshold.
Measurement result.
3.4.4. VALIDATION OF THE MEASUREMENT
To validate your measurement, move the S rod towards the H rod by 10% of d and make another measurement. Then move the
S rod, again by 10% of d, but towards the earth electrode.
Resistance of the S rod.
Resistance of the H rod.
Case where the measurement is
below the alarm threshold.
key is used to see the voltages
The
before the beginning of the test.
Programmed maximum contact
voltage.
Compensation for the resistance of
the measurement leads is activated.
The 3 measurement results must be the same to within a few percent. If this is the case, the measurement is valid. If not, it is
because the S rod is in the zone of influence of the earth electrode.
19
If the resistivity of the ground is homogeneous, it is necessary to increase distance d and repeat the measurements. If the re-
H
S
E
H
S
d2
d1
H
S
E
S
sistivity of the ground is inhomogeneous, the measurement point must be moved either towards the H rod or towards the earth
terminal until the measurement is valid.
3.4.5. POSITIONING OF THE AUXILIARY RODS
To make sure that your earth measurements are not distorted by interference, we recommend repeating the measurement with
the auxiliary rods placed at a different distance and in another direction (for example rotated 90° from the first alignment).
If you find the same values, your measurement is reliable. If the measured values are substantially different, it is probable that
they were influenced by earth currents or a groundwater artery. It may be useful to drive the rods deeper.
If the in-line configuration is not possible, you can plant the rods in a triangle. To validate the measurement, move the S rod on
either side of the line HE.
Avoid routing the connecting cables of the earth rods near or parallel to other cables (transmission or power supply), metal pipes,
rails, or fences, this in order to avoid the risk of cross-talk with the measurement current.
3.4.6. ERROR REPORTING
The commonest errors in the case of an earth measurement are the presence of an interference voltage or rod resistances that
are too high.
If the device detects:
a rod resistance greater than 15kW,
a voltage greater than 25 V on H or on S when the TEST button is pressed.
In these two cases, the earth measurement is not enabled. Move the rods and start the measurement over.
To reduce the resistance of the rods RH (RS), you can add one or more rods, two metres apart, in the H (S) branch of the circuit.
You can also drive them deeper and pack the earth around them, or wet it with a little water.
For help with connections or any other information, use the on-line help.
20
3.5. LOOP IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT (ZS)
L
PE
N
Rb
RE
RN
RL
L
PE
N
Rb
RN
RL
Ra
SET UP
OFF
In a TT type installation, the loop impedance measurement is an easy way to make an earth measurement without planting any
rods. The result obtained, ZS, is the loop impedance of the installation between the L and PE conductors. It is only very slightly
greater than the earth resistance, to which it adds the earthing resistance of the transformer and the resistance of the cables,
which are both negligible.
In a TN or TT type installation, the loop impedance measurement also makes it possible to calculate the short-circuit current and
size the protections of the installation (fuse or circuit-breaker).
This measurement cannot be made in an IT type installation because of the high earthing impedance of the supply transformer,
which may even be completely isolated from earth.
3.5.1. DESCRIPTION OF THE MEASUREMENT PRINCIPLE
The device starts by generating pulses having a duration of 300 µs and an amplitude of at most 5 A between the L and N terminals.
This first measurement is used to determine ZL.
It then applies a low current, 6, 9 or 12 mA at the user’s discretion, between the L and PE terminals. This low current serves to
avoid tripping residual current devices of which the nominal current is greater than or equal to 30 mA. This second measurement
is used to determine ZPE.
The device then calculates loop resistance Z
= Z
S
= ZL+ZPE , and short-circuit current Ik = U
L-PE
LPE/ZS
.
The value of Ik serves to check the proper sizing of the circuit-breaker.
For greater accuracy, it is possible to measure ZS with a high current (TRIP mode), but this measurement may trip out the installation.
3.5.2. MAKING A MEASUREMENT
Connect the measuring cable to the device, then to the socket outlet of the instal-
Set the switch to ZS (RA/SEL.).
lation to be tested.
At the time of connection, the device first checks that the voltages present
on its terminals are correct, then determines the position of the phase (L) and
of the neutral (N) with respect to the protective conductor (PE) and displays
it. If necessary, it then automatically switches the L and N terminals so that
the loop measurement can be made without modifying the connections of
the terminals of the device.
If possible, first disconnect all loads from the network on which you make the loop
measurement.
It is possible to eliminate this step if you use a measurement current of 6 mA, which
allows a leakage current of up to 9 mA for an installation protected by a 30 mA
residual current device.
Case of a TT installation
Note: in trip mode, it is not necessary to connect the N terminal.
For a more accurate measurement, you can choose a high current (TRIP mode), but the circuit-breaker that protects the installation may trip out. To prevent this, you can short-circuit the circuit-breaker during the measurement, as follows:
21
Case of a TN installation
12 mA
050.00
k Ω
Ω
(Ik)
6 %
TEST
010.00
A
k A
L
N
RCD
For the safety of the installation and of the users, you must not forget to put
the residual current device back in service after the measurement.
The alarm, if activated, serves to report, by an audible signal, that the measurement is above threshold, making it unnecessary
to look at the display unit to check this point.
Smoothing the signal, rather than making several measurements and calculating a mean, yields a stable measurement directly.
But the measurement then takes longer.
Before starting the measurement, you can configure it by modifying the parameters displayed:
Choice of measurement current in non-tripping mode: 6, 9, 12 mA (default)
or TRIP mode to use a high current that will give a more stable measurement.
To activate or deactivate the smoothing of the signal.
To compensate for the resistance of the measurement leads, for measurements of low values (see
§3.14).
The device proposes choosing the voltage for the Ik calculation from among the following values:
MEAS (the measured voltage value),
the voltage of the old standard (for example 220),
the voltage of the current standard (for example 230).
Depending on the voltage U
if 170<ULN<270 V: MEAS (default), 220 V, or 230 V.
if 90<ULN<150 V: MEAS (default), 110 V or 127 V.
if 300<ULN<550 V: MEAS (default), 380 V or 400 V.
To deactivate the alarm.
Z-R
Ik
Before the measurement: to display the measurements already recorded.
During or after the measurement: to record it.
The direction of the arrow indicates whether you can make a reading (arrow pointing out) or a recording (arrow
pointing in).
To activate the alarm on Z
To activate the alarm on Ik.
measured, the device proposes the following choices:
LN
(in TRIP mode) or on R
LPE
To set the alarm threshold (see §3.15). As default,
the threshold is set to 50 W.
To set the alarm threshold (see §3.15). As default,
the threshold is set to 10 kA.
(in non-tripping mode).
LPE
Press the TEST button to start the measurement. The measurement stops automatically.
When the TEST key is pressed, the device checks that the contact voltage is less than UL. If not, it does not make
the loop impedance measurement.
This symbol invites you to wait while the measurement is in progress.
22
LOOP Zs
02/16/2009 10:47
50 .0 Ω 50 . 1 Hz
12 mA
4 %
..\..
I k 2 0 6.6 A
Z s 1 . 2 4 Ω
R s 1 . 0 4 Ω
L s 0 . 2 m H
3.5.3. READING OF THE RESULT
LOOP Zs
02/17/2009 10:47
10.0 Ω 50 . 1 Hz
..\..
I k 3.1 A
Z s 3 4 . 6 1 Ω
R s 3 4 . 4 8 Ω
L s 9 . 4 m H
4 %
In the case of a non-tripping measurement, with smoothing:
Value of the alarm threshold.
Position of the phase on the socket outlet.
Value of the short-circuit current.
Value of the impedance.
Value of the resistance.
Value of the inductance.
Case in which the measurement is
below the alarm threshold.
The key is used to access the
next page to see the voltages before
the beginning of the test.
Value of the reference voltage for the
calculation of Ik.
Programmed maximum contact
voltage.
In the case of a measurement with tripping (TRIP) and without smoothing:
Compensation for the resistance of
the measurement leads is activated.
Value of the alarm threshold.
Position of the phase on the socket outlet.
Value of the short-circuit current.
Value of the impedance.
Value of the resistance.
Value of the inductance.
Case where the measurement is
above the alarm threshold.
The key is used to access the
next page to see the voltages before
the beginning of the test.
Value of the reference voltage for the
calculation of Ik.
Programmed maximum contact
voltage.
Compensation for the resistance of
the measurement leads is activated.
23
3.6. MEASUREMENT OF THE LINE IMPEDANCE (Zi)
SET UP
OFF
L
PE
N
Rb
RE
RN
RL
L
PE
N
Rb
RN
RL
Ra
L
PE
N
RN
RL
Ra
Z
The loop impedance measurement Zi (L-N, L1-L2, or L2-L3 or L1-L3) is used to calculate the short-circuit current and size the protections of the installation (fuse or circuit-breaker), whatever type of neutral the installation uses.
3.6.1. DESCRIPTION OF THE MEASUREMENT PRINCIPLE
The device generates pulses having a duration of 300 µs and an amplitude of at most 5 A between the L and N terminals. It then
measures the voltages UL and UN and from them deduces Zi.
The device then calculates the short-circuit current Ik = U
tions of the installation.
3.6.2. MAKING A MEASUREMENT
Set the switch to Zi.
Connect the measuring cable to the device, then to the socket outlet of the installation to be tested.
At the time of connection, the device first checks that the voltages present
on its terminals are correct, then determines the position of the phase (L) and
of the neutral (N) with respect to the protective conductor (PE) and displays
it. If necessary, it then automatically switches the L and N terminals so that
the line impedance measurement can be made without modifying the connections of the terminals of the device.
If you use the measuring cable that is terminated by three leads, connect the PE lead
(green) to the N lead (blue). Otherwise, the device cannot display the position of the
phase. But this does not prevent making the measurement.
Case of a TT installation Case of a TN installation
the value of which serves to check the proper sizing of the protec-
LN/Zi
Case of an IT installation
The alarm, if activated, serves to report, by an audible signal, that the measurement is above threshold, making it unnecessary
to look at the display unit to check this point.
Smoothing the signal, rather than making several measurements and calculating a mean, yields a stable measurement directly.
But the measurement then takes longer.
24
6 %
TEST
050.00
k Ω
Ω
(Ik)
Before starting the measurement, you can configure it by modifying the parameters displayed:
010.00
A
k A
To activate or deactivate the smoothing of the signal.
To compensate for the resistance of the measurement leads, for measurements of low values (see §3.14).
The device proposes choosing the voltage for the Ik calculation from among the following values:
MEAS (the measured voltage value),
the voltage of the old standard (for example 220 V),
the voltage of the current standard (for example 230 V).
Depending on the voltage ULN measured, the device proposes the following choices:
if 170<U
if 90<ULN<150 V: MEAS (default), 110 V or 127 V.
if 300<ULN<550 V: MEAS (default), 380 V or 400 V.
<270 V: MEAS (default), 220 V, or 230 V.
LN
To deactivate the alarm.
Z-R
Ik
Before the measurement: to display the measurements already recorded.
During or after the measurement: to record it.
The direction of the arrow indicates whether you can make a reading (arrow pointing out) or a recording (arrow
pointing in).
Press the TEST button to start the measurement. The measurement stops automatically.
When the TEST key is pressed, the device checks that the contact voltage is less than UL. If not, it does not make
the loop impedance measurement.
This symbol invites you to wait while the measurement is in progress.
To activate the alarm on Zi.
To set the alarm threshold (see §3.15). As default,
the threshold is set to 50 W.
To activate the alarm on Ik.
To set the alarm threshold (see §3.15). As default,
the threshold is set to 10 kA.
25
3.6.3. READING OF THE RESULT
LOOP Zi
02/18/2009 10:47
50 . 0 Ω 50 . 1 Hz
..\..
I k 1 3 1 6 A
Z i 0 . 2 9 Ω
R i 0 . 1 5 Ω
L i 0 . 8 m H
5 %
Value of the alarm threshold.
Position of the phase on the socket outlet.
Value of the short-circuit current.
Value of the impedance.
Value of the resistance.
Value of the inductance.
Case where the measurement is
below the alarm threshold.
key is used to access the
The
next page to see the voltages before
the beginning of the test.
Value of the reference voltage for the
calculation of Ik.
Programmed maximum contact
voltage.
Compensation for the resistance of
the measurement leads is activated.
26
3.7. EARTH MEASUREMENT ON LIVE CIRCUIT (ZA, RA)
SET UP
OFF
L
PE
N
Rb
RN
RL
Ra
> 25 m
L
PE
N
RN
RL
Ra
> 25 m
Z
This function is used to make an earth resistance measurement in a place where it is impossible to make a 3P earth measurement
or to disconnect the earth connection strap, often the case in an urban environment.
This measurement is made without disconnecting the earth, with only one additional rod, saving time with respect to a conventional earth measurement with two auxiliary rods.
In the case of a TT type installation, this measurement is a very simple way to measure the earth of frame grounds.
In the case of an IT type installation, too, this measurement is a very simple way to measure the earth of frame grounds provided
that:
the supply transformer is not isolated from earth but connected to it via an impedance,
and the installation in not in a first fault state. Check the indication given by the PIT.
In the case of a TN type installation, to determine the value of each of the earths put in parallel, it is necessary to perform a selective earth measurement on live circuit using a current clamp (see §3.8). Without this clamp, what you find is the value of the
global earth connected to the network, which is rather meaningless.
It is then more useful to measure the loop impedance to size the fuses and circuit-breakers, and to measure the fault voltage to
check the protection of persons.
3.7.1. DESCRIPTION OF THE MEASUREMENT PRINCIPLE
The device starts by making a loop measurement ZS (see §3.5) with a low current or a high current, at the user’s discretion. It
then measures the potential between the PE conductor and the auxiliary rod and from it deduces R
chosen by the user.
= U
A
/I, I being the current
PI-PE
For greater accuracy, it is possible to make the measurement with a high current (TRIP mode), but this measurement may trip
out the installation.
3.7.2. MAKING A MEASUREMENT
Connect the measuring cable to the device, then to the socket outlet of the instal-
Set the switch to Z
S (RA/SEL.).
lation to be tested.
At the time of connection, the device detects the positions of the phase (L)
and of neutral (N) with respect to the protective conductor (PE) and displays
them. If necessary, it then automatically switches the L and N terminals so
that the loop measurement can be made without modifying the connections
of the terminals of the device.
If possible, first disconnect all loads from the network on which you make the earth
measurement on line circuit.
It is possible to eliminate this step if you use a measurement current of 6 mA, which
allows a leakage current of up to 9 mA for an installation protected by a 30 mA residual current device.
Plant the auxiliary rod at a distance of more than 25 metres from the earth electrode and
connect it to the
Case of a TT installation
(RA SEL) terminal of the device. The symbol is then displayed.
Case of an IT installation
27
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