GB - User’s manual
99 Washington Street
Melrose, MA 02176
Phone 781-665-1400
Toll Free 1-800-517-8431
Visit us at www.TestEquipmentDepot.com
C.A 8436
Three-phase electrical networks analyser
in a eld housing
Thank you for purchasing a C.A 8436 three-phase electrical networks analyser (Qualistar+). To obtain the best service from
your unit:
read these operating instructions carefully,
comply with the precautions for use.
WARNING, risk of DANGER! The operator must refer to these instructions whenever this danger symbol appears.
Equipment protected by double insulation.
Earth. USB socket.
The product is declared recyclable following a life cycle analysis in accordance with standard ISO 14040.
The CE marking indicates conformity with European directives, in particular LVD and EMC.
Chauvin Arnoux has adopted an Eco-Design approach in order to design this appliance. Analysis of the complete
lifecycle has enabled us to control and optimize the effects of the product on the environment. In particular this appliance exceeds regulation requirements with respect to recycling and reuse.
The rubbish bin with a line through it indicates that, in the European Union, the product must undergo selective disposal
in compliance with Directive WEEE 2002/96/EC. This equipment must not be treated as household waste.
Denition of measurement categories
Measurement category IV corresponds to measurements taken at the source of low-voltage installations.
Example: power feeders, counters and protection devices.
Measurement category III corresponds to measurements on building installations.
Example: distribution panel, circuit-breakers, machines or xed industrial devices.
Measurement category II corresponds to measurements taken on circuits directly connected to low-voltage installations.
Example: power supply to domestic electrical appliances and portable tools.
PRECAUTIONS FOR USE
This device is compliant with safety standard IEC 61010-2-030, the leads are compliant with IEC 61010-031, and the current sensors are compliant with IEC 61010-2-032, for voltages up to 600 V in category IV or 1,000 V in category III.
Failure to observe the safety instructions may result in electric shock, re, explosion, and destruction of the instrument and of the
installations.
The operator and/or the responsible authority must carefully read and clearly understand the various precautions to be taken
in use. Sound knowledge and a keen awareness of electrical hazards are essential when using this instrument.
If you use this instrument other than as specied, the protection it provides may be compromised, thereby endangering you.
Do not use the instrument on networks of which the voltage or category exceeds those mentioned.
Do not use the instrument if it seems to be damaged, incomplete, or poorly closed.
Before each use, check the condition of the insulation on the leads, housing, and accessories. Any item of which the insulation
is deteriorated (even partially) must be set aside for repair or scrapping.
Before using your device, check that it is perfectly dry. If it is wet, it must be thoroughly dried before being connected or being
operated in any way.
Use only the leads and accessories supplied. Using leads (or accessories) of a lower voltage or category reduces the voltage
or category of the combined instrument + leads (or accessories) to that of the leads (or accessories).
Use personal protection equipment systematically.
Keep your hands away from the terminals of the device.
When handling the leads, test probes, and crocodile clips, keep your ngers behind the physical guard.
Use only the battery pack supplied by the manufacturer. This pack includes specic safety features.
Some current sensors must not be placed on or removed from bare conductors at hazardous voltages: refer to the sensor
manual and comply with the handling instructions.
2
CONTENTS
1. GETTING STARTED ........................................................ 4
1.1. Delivery condition
1.2. Accessories
1.3. Spare parts
1.4. Charging the battery
1.5. Choice of language
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE DEVICE
2.1. Functions
2.2. Overall view
2.3. On/Off switch
2.4. Display
2.5. Keypad keys
2.6. Connectors
2.7. Power supply
2.8. Abbreviations
3. USE
4. CONFIGURATION
5. WAVEFORM CAPTURE
6. HARMONIC
7. WAVEFORM
8. ALARM MODE ............................................................... 62
9. TREND MODE
...............................................................................17
3.1. Start-up
3.2. Conguration
3.3. Installation of leads
3.4. Functions of the device
4.1. Conguration menu
4.2. Display language
4.3. Date/Time
4.4. Display
4.5. Calculation methods
4.6. Connection
4.7. Sensors and ratios
4.8. Capture Mode
4.9. Trend mode
4.10. Mode Alarm mode
4.11. Erase memory
4.12. About
5.1. Transient mode
5.2. Inrush current mode
6.1. Phase-to-neutral voltage
6.2. Current
6.3. Apparent power
6.4. Phase-to-phase voltage
6.5. Expert mode
7.1. Measurement of true RMS value
7.2. Measurement of total harmonic distortion
7.3. Measurement of the peak factor
7.4. Measurement of extreme and mean voltage and
current
7.5. Simultaneous display
7.6. Display of Fresnel diagram
8.1. Alarm mode conguration
8.2. Programming an alarm campaign
8.3. Display of the list of campaigns
8.4. Display of list of alarms
8.5. Deleting an alarm campaign
8.6. Erasing all alarm campaigns
9.1. Programming and starting recording
9.2. Trend mode conguration
9.3. Viewing the recording list
9.4. Deleting recordings
9.5. Viewing the records
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10. POWER AND ENERGY MODE
10.1. 3L lter
10.2. Filters L1, L2 and L3
10.3. Filter Σ
10.4. Starting energy metering
10.5. Disconnection of energy metering
10.6. Reset of energy metering
11. SCREEN SNAPSHOT MODE
11.1. Screen snapshots
11.2. Handling of screen snapshots
12. HELP KEY
13. DATA EXPORT SOFTWARE
14. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
14.1. Environmental conditions
14.2. Mechanical conditions
14.3. Overvoltage categories per IEC 61010-1
14.4. Electromagnetic compatibility
14.5. Power supply
15. FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
15.1. Reference Conditions
15.2. Nominal current according to type of sensor
15.3. Electrical characteristics
15.4. Class B under standard IEC 61000-4-30
16. FORMULAS
16.1. Mathematical formulae
16.2. Distribution sources supported by the device
16.3. Hysteresis
16.4. Minimum scale values for waveforms and
minimum RMS values
16.5. Four-quadrant diagram
16.6. Mechanism for triggering transient captures
16.7. Capture conditions in Inrush Current mode
16.8. Glossary
17. MAINTENANCE
17.1. Cleaning the casing
17.2. Maintenance of sensors
17.3. Replacing the battery
17.4. Memory card
17.5. Updating of the internal software
18. WARRANTY
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3
1.1. DELIVERY CONDITION
1. GETTING STARTED
C.A 8436
POWER & QUALITY ANALYSER
➀
➁
x5
x5
➂
➇
English
Safety data sheet Measuring Instrument in CAT II or CAT III or CAT IV (en)
For your safety and to avoid damage to property:
Read what follows carefully and observe these precautions
➉
12
Read the other documents provided carefully, including any documents on the CD-ROM
Meanings of the principal symbols that may be present on your product:
CAUTION! Risk of Danger!
CAUTION! Risk of electric shock!
Refer to this safety datasheet and comply
Refer to this safety datasheet, to the user
with the precautions for use.
manual and comply with the precautions for use.
Current clamp: Can be applied to or
t clamp: Do not apply to or remove from
Curren
removed from non-insulated or bare
conductors at dangerous voltages.
conductors at dangerous voltages.
In the European Union, this product is
subject to selective collection in accordance
CE marking indicates compliance
The
with the European WEEE directive. Do not
with the European "Low Voltage", "EMC",
dispose of it as ordinary waste; contact the
"WEEE", and "RoHS" directives.
manufacturer for information about
collection points.
Ear
th
not dispose of the batteries as ordinary
Do
waste; take them to a collection point.
Doub
le insulation
Conditions of use
Temperature, Humidity: Comply with the values stated in the user manual.
Altitude : 2 000 m
Pollution degree : 2
Precautions for use
These safety instructions must be respected to assure the personal safety and the environment of use. If
you do not comply with them, there is a risk of electric shock, explosion or re.
If you use these instruments other than as specied or without observing the elementary safety rules, the
protection they provide may be compromised, endangering you.
The safety of any system which may include these leads or accessories is the respo
assembler of the system.
Each time before use, always check that the insulation of the leads or accessories is in good
condition. Any element whose insulation is damaged (even partially) must be removed from use and
scrapped. A change of color of the insulating material is an indication of deterioration.
The steady-state voltages, currents, and measurement categories are marked on the instruments, on
the cords, and on the accessories. Comply with these values.
Use specic individual safety protections w
zardous live parts can be accessible in the
hen ha
installation where the measure is performed
Before using your instrument, check that it is in good working order (for example, by measuring a
known dangerous voltage).
If the manual states how to replace the fuse(s) of your instrument, use only the recommended fuses.
Before replacing the batteries (rechargeable or not), disconnect the leads of your instrument.
The use of a measurement instrument, a lead or an accessory with a lower
category or voltage downgrades the use of the assembly (instrument + lead +
accessory) to the lowest category and/or operating voltage.
Using a measuring instrument in a category II or III or IV environment can be dangerous. In such
measurement environments, the operators must be trained and/or accredited and/or informed of the
safety measures to be taken.
Measurement categories:
CAT II: Measurement category II is for measurements performed on circuits directly connected to the
low voltage installation
Examples: measurements on household appliances and portable tools.
CAT III: Measurement category III is for measurement performed in the building installation
Examples: distribution boards, circuit
-breakers, machine or industrial equipment with permanent
connection to the xed installation.
CAT IV: Measurement category IV is for measurements performed at the source of the low-voltage installation.
Example: meters and measurements on primary overcurrent protection devices and ripple
control units.
Cleaning
Disconnect the leads or the test accessories
Use a soft cloth, dampened with soapy water. Rinse with a damp cloth and dry rapidly with a dry
hydrocarbons.
cloth or forced air. Do not use alcohol, solvents, or
Do not modify the leads or accessories. Any non-compliant repairs can cause risks of electric shock
or burns.
1
nsibility of the
QUALI
STAR
+
➆
➅
➄
ATTESTATION DE VERIFICATION
CHECKING ATTESTATION
190, rue Championnet
Numéro de l'appareil :
75876 PARIS Cedex 18
Equipment number
FRANCE
Type /
:
➈
No. Designation Quantity
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
C.A 8436 with or without current sensor depending on the order.
The battery is in place in the instrument.
Black safety leads, 3m, banana-banana, straight-straight, tight and lockable. 5
Black crocodile clips. 5
Type A-B USB cord. 1
Specic mains power unit and mains cord (the plug depends on the country). 1
Power supply cord terminated by two safety-series banana plugs with rear-mounted sockets. 1
No. 22 carrying bag 1
Sets of inserts and rings for marking the leads and current sensors according to phase. 12
Tight plugs for the terminals (mounted on the instrument). 9
User’s manual on CD-ROM. 1
Multilingual safety sheet. 1
Checking attestation. 1
Power Analyser Transfer (PAT2) software on CD-ROM. 1
Model
Désignation de l'instrument :
Instrument designation
Signature :
Vérifié par :
Signature
Tested by
Établi en usine, ce document atteste que le produit ci-dessus a été vérifié et est conforme aux
conditions d'acceptation définies dans nos procédures de fabrication et de contrôle.
Tous les moyens de mesure et d'essai utilisés pour vérifier cet appareil sont raccordés aux
étalons nationaux et internationaux soit par l'intermédiaire d'un de nos laboratoires de métrologie
accrédités COFRAC soit par un autre laboratoire accrédité.
Après sa mise en service, cet instrument doit être vérifié à intervalle régulier
auprès d'un service de métrologie agréé.
Pour tout renseignement veuillez contacter notre service après vente et d'étalonnage.
At the time of manufacture, this document certifies that the above product have been verified and
complies with acceptance conditions defined in our manufacturing and testing procedures.
Every test or measuring equipment used to verify this instrument are related to national
ology certified by french COFRAC
and international standards through one of our laboratories of metr
equivalent to NAMAS in the UK or through another certified laboratory.
After being in use, this instrument must be recalibrated within regular intervals
by an approved metrology laboratory. Please contact our after sales and calibration department:
Service après vente et d'étalonnage TEL: +33 (2) 31 64 51 55 FAX: +33 (2) 31 64 51 72
After sales and calibration department e-mail: info@manumesure.fr
WEB : www.manumesure.com
www.chauvin-arnoux.com
ATTESTATION DE CONFORMITE
COMPLIANCE ATTESTATION
Nous certifions que ce produit a été fabriqué conformément aux spécifications
techniques de constuction applicables.
We certify that this product is manufactured in accordance with applicable
constructing specifications.
907 009 119 - 02/03
➃
11
13
4
1.2. ACCESSORIES
5 A adapter unit (three-phase)
MN93 clamp
MN93A clamp
PAC93 clamp
C193 clamp
MiniFlex
MiniFlex® MA193 350 mm
MiniFlex® MA193 350 mm water- and air-tight. We recommend using water-tight sensors with the C.A 8436.
AmpFlex® A193 450 mm
AmpFlex® A196A 610 mm water- and air-tight. We recommend using water-tight sensors with the C.A 8436.
AmpFlex® A193 800 mm
E3N clamp
E3N clamp adapter
Mains power unit + E3N clamp
Dataview software
®
MA193 250 mm
Pole attachment kit Cord reel
REELINGBOX
1.3. SPARE PARTS
9.6 V 4 Ah NiMH battery pack
USB-A USB-B cord
Specic mains cord
Cord for power supply by the phases
No. 22 carrying bag
No. 21 carrying bag
Set of 5 water- and air-tight black banana / screw-lock banana straight-straight safety cables
Set of 5 black crocodile clips
Set of 12 inserts and rings to identify voltage phases and leads and current phases and leads
Set of 5 plugs for the voltage terminals and 4 plugs for the current terminals
For accessories and spare parts, visit our website:
www.chauvin-arnoux.com
5
1.4. CHARGING THE BATTERY
Before the rst use, start by fully charging the battery.
Unscrew the cover of the connector to charge the battery in the device.
120 V ± 10 %, 60 Hz
230 V ± 10 %, 50 Hz
Connect the specic mains cord and screw it in place.
Then connect the cord to mains.
The button lights; it will go out only when the plug is disconnected.
When the battery is fully discharged, charging takes approximately 5 hours.
IIt is also possible to charge the battery using the voltage on the voltage measurement terminals.
For this, once the cover on the connector is unscrewed, connect the power supply cord to the battery charging connector and the
two safety-series banana plugs with rear-mounted sockets to any two of the phases (L1, L2, L3).
L1
L2
L3
110 ... 1000 V
N
0 ... 440 Hz
PE
6
If you want to make measurements while charging the battery, connect the measurement leads to the terminals and to the safetyseries banana plugs with rear-mounted sockets.
L1 L3
L1
L2
L3
110 ... 1000 V
N
0 ... 440 Hz
PE
1.5. CHOICE OF LANGUAGE
Before using the device, rst choose the language in which you want the device to display its messages.
Press the green button to switch the device on.
Press the Conguration key.
Figure 8: Conguration screen
Press the yellow key on the device corresponding to the desired language.
This key is used to go to the next page.
7
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE DEVICE
2.1. FUNCTIONS
The C.A. 8436 (Qualistar+ in a rugged water-tight eld housing) is a three-phase network analyzer with colour graphic display and
built-in rechargeable battery.
It plays three roles, and can be used:
to measure the RMS values, powers, and perturbations of electric distribution networks.
to deliver a snapshot of the principal characteristics of a three-phase network
to track the variations of various parameters over time.
The measurement uncertainty of the device is better than 1% (not counting the uncertainties due to the current sensors). The
device is also very exible, with a choice of sensors allowing measurements ranging from a few milliamperes (MN93A) to several
kiloamperes (AmpFlex
The device is compact and impact resistant.
The ergonomics and simplicity of its interface make using it pleasant.
The C.A 8436 is intended for the technicians and engineers of electrical installation and network inspection and maintenance teams.
2.1.1. MEASUREMENT FUNCTIONS
The principal measurements made are:
The RMS values of AC voltages up to 1000 V between terminals. By using the ratios, the device can measure voltages up to
hundreds of gigavolts.
The RMS values of AC currents up to 10,000 amperes (neutral included). By using the ratios, the device can measure currents
up to hundreds of kiloamperes.
The DC components of voltages and currents (neutral included).
Minimum and maximum half-cycle RMS voltage and current values (excluding neutral).
Peak voltage and current values (neutral included).
The frequency of 50 Hz and 60 Hz networks.
Current and voltage peak factors (neutral included).
Calculation of the harmonic loss factor (FHL), application to transformers in the presence of harmonic currents.
Calculation of the K factor (KF), application to transformers in the presence of harmonic currents.
Measurement of total harmonic distortion with respect to the fundamental (THD in % f) of the current and of the voltages (ex-
cluding neutral).
Measurement of the total harmonic distortion with respect to the RMS AC value (THD in % r) for the current and the voltages
(neutral included)
Active, reactive (capacitive and inductive), non-active, distortion, and apparent power, by phase and cumulative (excluding
neutral).
Power factor (PF) and displacement factor (DPF or cos Φ) (excluding neutral).
Measurement of the RMS distortion value (d) for the current and the voltages (excluding neutral).
Short-term voltage icker (PST) (excluding neutral).
Measurement of the long-term icker of the voltages (PLT) (excluding neutral).
Active, reactive (capacitive and inductive), non-active, distortion, and apparent energy (excluding neutral).
Current and voltage harmonics (excluding neutral) up to order 50: RMS value, percentage referred to the fundamental, (%f)
(excluding neutral), or the total RMS value (%r), minimum and maximum and sequence harmonics.
Apparent harmonic powe up to order 50 (excluding neutral): percentages referred to the fundamental apparent power (%f) or
the total apparent power (%r), minimum and maximum of a rank.
Inrush currents, starting of motors.
®
).
8
2.1.2. DISPLAY FUNCTIONS
Display of waveforms (voltages and currents).
Display of frequency bar chart (voltages and currents).
Inrush Current function: displays parameters useful for study of the starting of a motor.
Instantaneous current and voltage at the instant designated by the cursor.
Maximum instantaneous absolute value of the current and of the voltage (over the entire starting time).
RMS value of the half-cycle (or lobe) of the current and voltage (excluding neutral) on which the cursor is positioned.
Maximum half-cycle RMS current (over the entire starting time).
Instantaneous network frequency at the instant designated by the cursor.
Maximum, mean, and minimum network frequencies (over the entire starting time).
Time at which starting of motor commenced.
Screen captures (50 maximum).
Transients function. Detection and recording of transients (up to 210) between user-dened start and stop dates and times.
Recording of 4 complete cycles (one before the triggering event and three after) in the 8 acquisition channels.
Trend recording (data logging) function. 2GB memory with date-stamping and user-dened start and stop dates for recording,
with a maximum of 100 recordings. Display, in bar chart or curve form, of the means of many parameters vs. time, with or
without minima and maxima.
Alarm function. List of recorded alarms (up to 16,362) exceeding thresholds dened in the conguration menu. User-dened
alarm monitoring start and stop times.
2.1.3. CONFIGURATION FUNCTIONS
Date and time setting.
Screen brightness setting.
Choice of curve colours.
Choice of management of switching off of the screen.
Choice of display in night mode.
Choice of calculation methods (non-active quantities broken down or not, choice of the unit of energy, choice of the coefcients
of calculation of the K factor, choice of reference for the level of harmonics, PLT calculation (sliding or not).
Choice of distribution system (single-phase, two-phase, three-phase with or without neutral) and of the connection method
(standard, 2-element method or 2½-element method).
Conguration of recording, alarms, inrush currents, and transients.
Erasure of data (total or partial).
Display of software and hardware version numbers.
Choice of language.
Display of current sensors detected not detected, not managed, simulated or impossible to simulate (2-element connection
method) . Setting of voltage and current ratio, of the transduction ratios and of the sensitivity.
9
2.2. OVERALL VIEW
Measurement connection terminals
Cover
Battery charging
connector
Function keys
(yellow keys)
Return /previous key
Conguration key
Screen snapshot key
Display
C.A 8436
POWER & QUALITY ANALYSER
USB socket
Help key
On/Off switch
?
Mode keys
(violet keys)
Battery compartment and
memory card slot cover
Figure 1: Overall view of C.A 8435
W
QUALI
STAR
Navigation keys
+
Conrm/Enter key
10
2.3. ON/OFF SWITCH
The device can operate either on its battery or on mains power. Pressing the button powers up the device. . If the device is shut
off suddenly (line power outage in the absence of the battery) or automatically (battery low), an information message is displayed
when it is next started up.
Pressing the switch again turns the device off. If the device is recording, metering energy, or searching for transients, alarms,
and/or inrush current acquisition, it requests conrmation.
Select Yes or No on the corresponding yellow keys, then press the key to validate.
If No is selected, recording will continue.
If Yes is selected, the data recorded until that point are nalized and the device is turned off.
2.4. DISPLAY
2.4.1. PRESENTATION
The backlit 320x240 (1/4 VGA) pixel graphic TFT displays all measurements with their curves, the parameters of the unit, the
curves selected, the instantaneous values of the signals, and the type of measurement selected. When the device is powered up,
it automatically displays the Waveform screen. Information about this screen can be found in §7.
Reminder of the mode.
Active mode screen.
Function keys.
Figure 2: example of a display screen
The management of switching off of the screen is chosen by the user in the Display Conguration Mode menu (see §4.4.3).
Battery charge level.
Current date and time.
Frequency calculated over one second.
11
2.4.2. THE FUNCTION KEY ICONS
The display uses the following icons for the yellow function keys:
Icons Designation
V Phase-to-neutral voltage mode.
A Phase-to-neutral current mode.
S Power mode.
U Phase-to-phase voltage mode.
var Management of the breakdown of the non-active
quantities.
Wh Choice of unit of energy.
FK Choice of coefcients of the K factor.
%f-%r Choice of reference for the level of harmonics
of the phases.
PLT Management of the long-term icker calculation
mode.
CF Display of the peak factors and of the curves.
RMS Display of the RMS values and of the curves.
PEAK Display of the PEAK values and of the curves.
THD Display of the level of harmonic distortion and
of the curves
PF… Display of PF, cos
W… Display of powers and of the associated quantities
(PF, cos
Wh… Display of the energy meters.
Activation and de-activation of the energy calculation.
Zoom in.
Φ, DPF, tan Φ and ΦVA).
Φ (DPF), tan Φ, and Φ.
Icons Designation
Move the cursor to the rst occurrence of the
maximum phase-to-neutral voltage.
Move the cursor to the rst occurrence of the
minimum phase-to-neutral voltage.
Move the cursor to the rst occurrence of the
maximum phase-to-phase voltage.
Move the cursor to the rst occurrence of the
minimum phase-to-phase voltage.
Move the cursor to the rst occurrence of the
maximum current.
Move the cursor to the rst occurrence of the
minimum current.
Move the cursor to the rst occurrence of the
maximum instantaneous frequency.
Move the cursor to the rst occurrence of the
minimum instantaneous frequency.
Move the cursor to the rst occurrence of the
maximum of the measurement displayed.
Move the cursor to the rst occurrence of the
minimum of the measurement displayed.
Simultaneous display of all voltage and current
measurements (RMS, DC, THD, CF, PST, PLT,
FHL, FK).
Select all items.
Unselect all items.
Zoom out.
Management of the contrast.
Choice of colours of the measurement channels.
Management of the switching off of the screen
Display in night mode.
Recording programming mode.
Recording look-up mode.
Start of recording.
Rapid programming and start of recording.
Disconnection of recording.
Shut down function in progress prompt.
Bin for deletions of elements.
Shortcut to the recording parameterizing mode
Activate/deactivate selection of the transients list
display lter.
Display of mean values and extrema.
Transient mode.
Inrush current mode.
Display of Fresnel diagram of the signals.
>t=0< Move cursor to transient triggering time.
>t=-T< Move the cursor to one signal period before the
triggering date of the transient.
Energies consumed by the load.
Energies generated by the load.
Page screen 1 of the help function.
Page screen 2 of the help function.
Page screen 3 of the help function.
Page screen 4 of the help function.
Previous conguration.
Next conguration.
Previous page screen.
Next page screen.
12
2.5. KEYPAD KEYS
2.5.1. FUNCTION KEYS (YELLOW KEYS)
These 6 keys activate the function or tool represented by the corresponding icon on the screen.
2.5.2. NAVIGATION KEYS
A block of 4 arrow keys, a select key and a return key are used for navigation in the menus.
Item Function
2.5.3. MODE KEYS (VIOLET KEYS)
These give access to specic modes:
Item Function See
Up direction or navigation key.
Down direction or navigation key.
Right direction or navigation key.
Left direction or navigation key.
Conrms the selection.
Return key.
Waveform acquisition mode, with two sub-modes: transients mode (blackouts, interference, etc.)
and inrush current mode (starting of motor).
Harmonic curves display mode: representation of voltage, current, and power harmonics, order
by order; determination of harmonic currents produced by nonlinear loads, analysis of problems
caused by harmonics according to their order (overheating of neutrals, conductors, motors, etc.).
Display of voltage and current waveforms, display of minima and maxima of summary tables,
determination of phase rotation.
Alarm mode: list of recorded alarms exceeding the thresholds programmed in the conguration;
recording of network blackouts with half-cycle resolution (Vrms, Arms, Urms), determination of
energy consumption overshoots, monitoring of compliance with a power supply quality contract.
Trend mode: recording of the parameters selected in the Conguration menu. § 9
§ 5
§ 6
§ 7
§ 8
Display of power and energy measurements § 10
Three keys are real-time mode keys:
In each of these modes, the coloured circles on a white ground , in which the channel numbers or types are entered, are indica-
tors of saturation: the ground of the circle is coloured when the channel measured is potentially full
When the identication disc corresponds to a simulated channel (for example in 4-wire three-phase with selection V1V2, 2½-element method, or in 3-wire three-phase with selection A1A2, 2-element method; see connections in §4.6), this channel is potentially
full if at least one channel used in calculating it is potentially full.
Similarly, if the saturation disc corresponds to a phase-to-phase voltage channel, it is potentially full if at least one of the phaseto-neutral voltage channels used in calculating it is potentially full.
, and .
.
13
2.5.4. OTHER KEYS
The other keys have the following functions:
Item Function See
Conguration key. § 4
Snapshot of current screen and retrieval of screens already stored. § 11
Help key: provides information about the functions and the symbols used for the current display
§ 12
mode.
2.6. CONNECTORS
2.6.1. CONNECTION TERMINALS
These are located on one side of the housing. Each terminal is protected by a plug. The plugs must be removed to connect the
leads, then stowed in the pouch in the cover of the device.
In order to keep the device water- and air-tight and the terminals clean, put the plugs back on the unused terminals.
The terminals let the operator:
screw special leads in place to ensure total water-tightness
or to connect standard leads that are slightly less water-tight.
4 current input terminals for cur-
N/D
L3/C
L2/B L1/A
rent sensors (MN clamp, C clamp,
MiniFlex
E3N clamp, etc.).
®
, AmpFlex®, PAC clamp,
N/D L3/C
L2/B L1/A
Figure 3: the connection terminals
5 voltage input terminals.
E/GN
14
2.6.2. SIDE CONNECTORS
On the right side of the instrument is the connector used to charge the battery and operate the instrument on mains power, or to
supply it from the voltages on the measurement terminals.
Figure 4: the side connector
2.7. POWER SUPPLY
The battery icon in the top right corner of the screen shows the battery level. The number of bars is proportional to the charge level.
Battery charged.
Low battery.
Mobile bars: battery charging.
A red bar: the condition of the battery is unknown because it has never been fully charged.
The device is connected to mains without the battery.
When the battery level is too low, the following message is displayed:
Press
to conrm the information. If you do not connect the device to mains, it switches itself off one minute after this message.
It is therefore necessary to start charging it as soon as possible.
2.8. ABBREVIATIONS
Prexes of International System (SI) units
Prex Symbol Multiplies by
milli m 10
kilo k 10
Mega M 10
Giga G 10
Tera T 10
Peta P 10
Exa E 10
-3
3
6
9
12
15
18
15
Meanings of the symbols and abbreviations used:
Symbol Designation
AC and DC components.
AC component only.
DC component only.
Inductive phase shift.
Capacitive phase shift.
° Degree.
-.+ Expert mode.
| | Absolute value.
Σ
Sum of values.
% Percentage.
%f Fundamental value as reference
%r Total value as reference
ΦVA or Φ
Phase shift of voltage with respect to current.
UA
A Current; also Ampere (unit).
A-h Current harmonic.
Acf Crest (peak) factor of current.
Ad RMS distortion current.
Adc DC current.
Apk+ Maximum peak value of the current.
Apk- Minimum peak value of the current.
Arms True RMS current.
Athdf Total harmonic distortion of current in % f.
Athdr Total harmonic distortion of current in % r.
Aunb Negative-sequence current unbalance rate.
AVG Mean value (arithmetic mean).
CF Peak factor (current or voltage).
cos Φ Cosine of the phase shift of voltage with respect
to current (DPF – fundamental power factor or
displacement factor).
DC DC component (current or voltage).
DPF Displacement factor (cos Φ).
FHL Harmonic loss factor.
FK K factor.
Hz Frequency of network studied.
L Channel (Line).
MAX Maximum value.
MIN Minimum value.
ms Millisecond.
PEAK
or PK
Maximum (+) or minimum (-) peak instantaneous
value of the signal.
PF Power factor.
PLT Long-term icker.
PST Short-term icker.
RMS True RMS value (current or voltage).
Symbol Designation
t Relative date of time cursor.
tan Φ Tangent of the phase shift of voltage with respect
to current.
THD Total harmonic distortion (in %f or in %r).
U Phase-to-Phase voltage.
U-h Phase-to-phase voltage harmonic.
Ucf Phase-to-Phase voltage crest factor.
Ud Phase-to-phase RMS distortion voltage.
Udc Phase-to-phase DC voltage.
Upk+ Maximum peak value of the phase-to-phase voltage.
Upk- Minimum peak value of the phase-to-phase voltage.
Urms True RMS phase-to-phase voltage.
Uthdf Total phase-to-phase voltage harmonic distortion
in %f.
Uthdr Total phase-to-phase voltage harmonic distortion
in %r.
Uunb Negative-sequence phase-to-phase voltage
unbalance rate.
V Phase-to-neutral voltage; also Volt (unit)
V-h Phase-to-neutral voltage harmonic.
S Apparent power.
S-h Apparent harmonic power.
D Distortion power.
Dh Distortion energy.
Sh Apparent energy.
Q
Reactive power (fundamental).
1
N Non-active power
Q1h Reactive energy (fundamental).
Nh Non-active energy.
Vcf Peak factor of the phase-to-ground voltage.
Vd Phase-to-neutral RMS distortion voltage.
Vdc Phase-to-neutral DC voltage.
Vpk+ Maximum peak value of the phase-to-neutral
voltage.
Vpk- Minimum peak value of the phase-to-neutral
voltage.
Vrms True RMS phase-to-neutral voltage.
Vthdf Total harmonic distortion of phase-to-neutral
voltage in %f.
Vthdr Total harmonic distortion of phase-to-neutral
voltage in %r.
Vunb Negative-sequence phase-to-ground voltage
unbalance rate.
P Active power.
Pdc DC power.
Pdch DC energy.
Ph Active energy.
16
3. USE
3.1. START-UP
To switch the device on, press the button.
After the software check, the home page is displayed, then the information screen that indicates the software version of the device
and its serial number.
Figure 5: Home page at start-up
Then the Waveform screen is displayed.
Figure 6: Waveform screen
3.2. CONFIGURATION
To congure the device, proceed as follows:
Press . The conguration screen appears.
Press or to select the parameter to be modied. Press to enter the selected sub-menu.
Figure 7: Conguration screen
Then use the arrow keys ( or and or ) and the key to validate. For more details, see §§4.3 to 4.10.
17
The following points must be checked or adapted for each measurement:
Dene the parameters of the calculation methods (see §4.5).
Select the distribution system (single-phase to ve-wire three-phase) and the connection method (2 wattmeters, 2 ½ elements,
standard) (see §4.6).
Program the current ratios according to the type of current sensor connected (see §4.7).
Program the voltage ratios (see §4.7).
Dene the triggering levels (transients mode and inrush current capture) (see §4.8).
Dene the values to be recorded (trend mode) (see §4.9).
Dene the alarm thresholds (see §4.10).
To return to the Conguration screen from a sub-menu, press the key.
3.3. INSTALLATION OF LEADS
To identify the leads and input terminals, you may mark them in accordance with the usual phase/neutral colour code using the
coloured rings and inserts supplied with the device.
Detach the insert and place it in the hole provided for it near the terminal (large insert for a current terminal; small insert for a
voltage terminal).
L3/C
N/D
L2/B L1/A
N/D L3/C
Large insert for
current terminal.
L2/B L1/A
E/GN
Small insert for
voltage terminal.
Rings the same colour as
the terminal.
Figure 8: identication of the leads
Clip rings of the same colour to the ends of the lead you will be connecting to the terminal.
Twelve sets of rings and inserts of different colours are provided to enable you to harmonize the device with any of the phase/
neutral colour codes in force.
Connect the measurement leads to the terminals of the device:
Remember to dene the transformation ratios of the current sensors and of the voltage inputs (see §4.7).
To make a measurement, you must program at least:
the calculation method (see §4.5),
the connection (see §4.6)
and the ratios of the sensors (see §4.7).
18
The measuring leads must be connected to the circuit to be measured as shown by the following diagrams.
3.3.1. SINGLE-PHASE NETWORK
Figure 9: 2-wire single-phase connection Figure 10: 2-wire single-phase connection
3.3.2. SPLIT-PHASE NETWORK
Figure 11: 2-wire split-phase connection Figure 12: 3-wire split-phase connection Figure 13: 4-wire split-phase connection
3.3.3. THREE-PHASE NETWORK
Figure 14: 3-wire three-phase
connection
In the case of a three-phase network, you are not obliged to connect all of the terminals in voltage or in current.
For 3-wire three-phase, indicate the current sensors that will be connected: all 3 sensors (3A) or only 2 (A1 and A2, or A2 and A3,
or A3 and A1).
For 4- and 5-wire three-phase, indicate the voltages that will be connected: all 3 voltages (3V) or only 2 (V1 and V2, or V2 and
V3, or V3 and V1).
Figure 15: 4-wire three-phase
connection
Figure 16: 5-wire three-phase
connection
19
3.3.4. CONNECTION PROCEDURE
Switch the instrument on.
Congure the device for the measurement to be made and the type of network concerned (see §4),
Connect the leads and current sensors to the unit.
Connect the earth and/or neutral lead to the network earth and/or neutral (when it is distributed) and connect the corresponding
current sensor,
Connect the L1 phase lead to the network L1 phase and connect the corresponding current sensor.
If applicable, repeat the procedure for phases L2 and L3 and for N.
Note: complying with this procedure reduces connection errors to a minimum and avoids wasting time.
Disconnection procedure:
Proceed in the reverse of the order of connection, always nishing by disconnecting the neutral (when distributed).
Disconnect the leads and switch the device off.
3.4. FUNCTIONS OF THE DEVICE
Any screen can be saved (screen snapshot) by pressing the key for 3 seconds (see §11).
You can press the help key at any time. The help screen will inform you about the functions and the symbols used for the
current display mode.
3.4.1. WAVEFORM CAPTURE
With the device powered up and connected to the network, press .
You can display the Transients mode (see §5.1) or the Inrush current mode (see §5.2).
3.4.2. DISPLAY OF HARMONICS
With the device powered up and connected to the network, press .
You can display the phase-to-neutral voltage (see §6.1), the current (see §6.2), the apparent power (see §6.3) or the phase-tophase voltage (see §6.4).
3.4.3. WAVEFORM MEASUREMENTS
With the device powered up and connected to the network, press .
You can display the measurements of the true RMS value (see §7.1), the measurements of the total harmonic distortion (see §7.2),
the measurements of the peak factor (see §7.3), the extreme values in voltage and current (see §7.4), several values at once (see
§7.5), or the Fresnel diagram (see §7.6).
3.4.4. ALARM RECORDING
With the device powered up and connected to the network, press .
You can congure the alarm mode (see §8.1), program an alarm campaign (see §8.2), look it up (see §8.4), or erase it (see §8.6).
3.4.5. RECORDING
With the device powered up and connected to the network, press .
You can congure recordings (see §9.2) and program them (see §9.1). You can also look up or erase recordings (see §4.11).
3.4.6. ENERGY MEASUREMENTS
With the device powered up and connected to the network, press .
You can measure the energies consumed (see §10.1.3) or generated (see §10.1.4, §10.2.2, or §10.3.2).
20
4. CONFIGURATION
The Conguration key is used to congure the device. This must be done before each new type of measurement. The conguration remains in memory, even after the device is switched off.
4.1. CONFIGURATION MENU
The arrow keys (,, , ) are used to navigate in the Conguration menu and to parameterize the device.
A value that can be modied is anked by arrows.
Most of the time, conrmation (
The return key ( ) is used to return to the main menu from a sub-menu.
) is necessary for the changes made by the user to be applied.
Figure 8: the Conguration screen
4.2. DISPLAY LANGUAGE
To select the display language, press the yellow key under the corresponding icon on the screen (Figure 6).
The active language is identied by the icon on the yellow ground.
4.3. DATE/TIME
The menu denes the system date and time. The display is as follows:
Figure 17: Date/Time menu
With the Date/Time eld highlighted in yellow, press
press or . To conrm, press .
Proceed in the same way for the dating system (DD/MM/YY or MM/DD/YY) and the time system (12/24 or AM/PM). You see the
effect immediately in the display of the date.
To return to the Conguration menu, press .
Note: The date and time parameters cannot be congured while the device is recording, metering energy, or searching for tran-
sients, alarms, and/or inrush current acquisition.
. To change a value, press or . To move from one eld to another,
21
4.4. DISPLAY
4.4.1. BRIGHTNESS
The menu is used to dene the brightness of the display unit. The display is as follows:
Figure 18: the Contrast/Brightness menu
Use the keys (, ) to change the brightness.
To return to the Conguration menu, press .
4.4.2. COLOURS
The menu is used to dene the colours of the voltage and current curves. Press the yellow key corresponding to the icon.
There are 15 colours available: green, dark green, yellow, orange, pink, red, brown, blue, turquoise blue, dark blue, very light grey,
light grey, grey, dark grey, and black.
The display is as follows:
Figure 19: the Colours menu
Use the arrow keys (,, , ) to change the assignments of the colours.
To return to the Conguration menu, press .
4.4.3. MANAGEMENT OF THE SWITCHING OFF OF THE SCREEN
The menu denes the management of the switching off of the screen. Press the yellow key corresponding to the icon.
Figure 124: the Management of Switching off of the Screen menu
Use the arrow keys (,) to choose the screen switching off mode: Automatic or Never.
22
The Automatic mode is used to save the battery. The display screen is switched off automatically after ve minutes without action
X
=
on the keys if the device is powered only by its battery and if recording is in progress and after ten minutes if no recording is in
progress. The On/Off button blinks to indicate that the device is still in operation. Pressing any key on the keypad relights the
screen.
To return to the Conguration menu, press .
4.4.4. NIGHT MODE
The menu is used to change to night mode. Press the yellow key corresponding to the icon.
Figure 125: the night Mode menu
Use the navigation keys (,) to activate or deactivate night mode. The screen then changes to reverse video and all colours
are changed.
4.5. CALCULATION METHODS
The menu
The choice of breakdown or no breakdown of the non-active quantities,
The choice of unit of energy,
The choice of reference for the level of harmonics of the phases,
The choice of coefcients of calculation for the K factor,
The choice of method of calculation of the long-term icker.
4.5.1. CHOICE OF CALCULATION OF NON-ACTIVE QUANTITIES
The var menu is used to choose whether or not to break down the non-active quantities (powers and energies).
Use the arrow keys (,) to select broken down or not.
Broken down: Non-active power N is broken down into reactive power (fundamental) Q1 and distorting power D. Non-active
energy Nh is broken down into Q1h and Dh.
Not broken down: Non-active power N and non-active energy Nh are displayed.
denes:
Figure 20: the Methods of Calculation of Reactive Quantities menu
Then validate with the key. The device returns to the Conguration menu.
Note: The modication is impossible if the device is recording, metering energy, and/or searching for alarms.
23
4.5.2. CHOICE OF UNIT OF ENERGY
The Wh menu denes the unit of display of energies.
Figure 21: the Choice of Unit of Energy menu
Use the arrow keys (,) to select the unit:
Wh : watt-hour.
J: joule.
toe (nuclear): nuclear tonne oil equivalent.
toe (non-nuclear): non-nuclear tonne oil equivalent.
BTU: British Thermal Unit.
Then validate with the key . The device returns to the Conguration menu.
4.5.3. CHOICE OF COEFFICIENTS OF CALCULATION OF THE K FACTOR
The FK menu denes the coefcients used for the calculation of the K factor.
Figure 22: the Choice of coefcients of calculation of the K factor menu
Use the arrow keys (,, , ) to x the value of coefcients q and e:
q: exponential constant that depends on the type of winding and the frequency.
The value of q can range from 1.5 to 1.7. The value of 1.7 is suitable for transformers having round or square conductors, in
all types of winding. The value of 1.5 is suitable for those in which the low-voltage windings are in tape form.
e: ratio between the losses linked to eddy currents (at the fundamental frequency) and resistive losses (both evaluated at the
reference temperature). The value of e can range from 0.05 to 0.1.
The default values (q = 1.7 and e = 0.10) are suitable for most applications.
Then validate with the key. The device returns to the Conguration menu.
Note: The modication is impossible if the device is recording and/or searching for alarms.
24
4.5.4. CHOICE OF REFERENCE OF THE LEVEL OF HARMONICS OF THE PHASES
The %f-%r menu denes the reference for the level of harmonics of the phases.
Figure 23: the Choice of Reference for the Level of Harmonics menu
Use the arrow keys (,) to x the reference for the level of harmonics:
%f: the reference is the value of the fundamental.
%r: the reference is the total value.
Then validate with the key. The device returns to the Conguration menu.
In the case of the level of harmonics of the V-h, A-h, and U-h phases, the fundamental and total values are RMS values. In the
case of the level of harmonics of the S-h phases, the fundamental and total values are apparent power values.
Note: The modication is impossible if the device is recording and/or searching for alarms.
4.5.5. CHOICE OF METHOD OF CALCULATION OF PLT
The PLT menu denes the method used to calculate the PLT (long-term icker).
Figure 24: the Choice of Method of Calculation of PLT menu
Use the arrow keys (,) to choose sliding or non-sliding.
Sliding: the PLT is calculated every 10 minutes. The rst value is available 2 hours after the device is switched on, because it
takes 12 values of PST to calculate the PLT.
Non-sliding: the PLT is calculated every 2 hours.
Then validate with the key . The device returns to the Conguration menu.
Note: The modication is impossible if the device is recording and/or searching for alarms.
25
L1
L1
L1
4.6. CONNECTION
The menu is used to dene how the device is connected, according to distribution system.
Figure 16: the Connection menu
Several electrical diagrams can be selected:
Use the arrow keys (,, , ) to choose a connection.
One or more types of network correspond to each distribution system.
Distribution system Source
Single-phase 2-wire (L1 and N)
Single-phase 3-wire (L1, N and
earth)
Split-phase 2-wire (L1 and L2)
Single-phase 2-wire non-earthed neutral
Single-phase 3-wire earthed neutral
Split-phase 2-wire
3-phase open star 2-wire
N
N
GND
L2
L1
L2
26
Distribution system Source
L1
L1
N
Split-phase 3-wire (L1, L2 and
N)
Split-phase 3-wire non-earthed neutral
3-phase open star 3-wire non-earthed neutral
3-phase high leg delta 3-wire non-earthed neutral
3-phase open high leg delta 3-wire non-earthed neutral
N
L2
N
L1
L2
L1
N
L2
L1
N
L2
Split-phase 4-wire (L1, L2, N
and earth)
Split-phase 4-wire earthed neutral
3-phase open star 4-wire earthed neutral
3-phase high leg delta 4-wire earthed neutral
3-phase open high leg delta 4-wire earthed neutral
N
GND
L2
L1
GND
L2
L1
N
GND
L2
L1
N
GND
L2
27
Distribution system Source
L3
L3
L3
L3
L3
3-phase star 3-wire
3-phase delta 3-wire
3-phase 3-wire (L1, L2 and L3)
3-phase open delta 3-wire
Indicate which current sensors
will be connected: all 3 (3A) or
only 2 (A1 and A2, or A2 and A3,
or A3 and A1).
L3
L1
L2
L1
L2
L1
L2
Three-wattmeter method with
virtual neutral (with 3 sensors
connected) or two-wattmeter
method or two-element method
or Aron method (with 2 sensors
connected).
A third sensor is not necessary
if two sensors of the same type,
same range, and same ratio are
connected. Otherwise, the third
sensor must be connected to
make current measurements.
3-phase open delta 3-wire earthed junction of phases
L1
L2
3-phase open delta 3-wire earthed corner of phase
L1
L2
3-phase high leg delta 3-wire
L1
L2
L3
3-phase open high leg delta 3-wire
L1
L2
28
Distribution system Source
L3
L3
L3
L3
L3
L3
3-phase 4-wire (L1, L2, L3
and N)
Indicate which voltages will be
connected: all 3 (3V) or only 2
(V1 and V2, or V2 and V3, or
V3 and V1).
If only two of the three voltages
are connected, the three phase
voltages must be balanced
(2½-element method)
3-phase star 4-wire non-earthed neutral
3-phase open high leg delta 4-wire non-earthed neutral
3-phase high leg delta 4-wire non-earthed neutral
N
L1
L2
L1
N
L2
L1
N
L2
3-phase 5-wire (L1, L2, L3, N
3-phase star 5-wire earthed neutral
and earth)
Indicate which voltages will be
connected: all 3 (3V) or only 2
3-phase open high leg delta 5-wire earthed neutral
(V1 and V2, or V2 and V3, or V3
and V1).
If only two of the three voltages
are connected, the three phase
voltages must be balanced
(2½-element method)
3-phase high leg delta 5-wire earthed neutral
Then validate with the key . The device returns to the Conguration menu.
This makes it possible to connect the device to all existing networks.
N
L1
GND
L2
L1
N
GND
L2
L1
N
GND
L2
Note: It is impossible to select a new connection if the device is recording, metering energy, or searching for transients, alarms,
and/or inrush current acquisitions.
29
4.7. SENSORS AND RATIOS
Note: The ratios cannot be changed if the device is recording, metering energy, or searching for transients, alarms, and/or inrush
current acquisitions.
4.7.1. CURRENT SENSORS AND RATIOS
A rst screen A is used to dene the current sensors and ratios. It automatically displays the current sensor models detected by
the device. If a sensor is detected but not managed, an error message is displayed.
Figure 25: Current clamp and ratios screen in the Sensors and ratios menu
In the case of a 3-wire three-phase set-up where only two of the three current sensors required are connected, if these two sensors
are of the same type and have the same ratio, the device simulates the third sensor by assuming the same characteristics as for
the two others. The third sensor will be shown in the list as being simulated, or impossible to simulate otherwise.
The various current sensors are:
MN93 clamp: 200 A.
MN93A clamp: 100 A or 5 A.
C193 clamp: 1000 A.
J93 clamp : 3500 A.
AmpFlex®: 100, 6500 or 10000 A.
MiniFlex®: 100, 6500 or 10000 A.
PAC93 clamp: 1000 A.
E3N clamp: 100 A (sensitivity 10 mV/A).
E3N clamp: 10 A (sensitivity 100 mV/A).
Three phase adapter: 5 A.
If an MN93A clamp (5A range) or an Adapter is used, the current ratio setting is proposed automatically.
If an MN93A clamp (5A range), an Adapter, an AmpFlex®, a MiniFlex®, or an E3N clamp is used, adjustment of the ratio, of the
range, or of the sensitivity is proposed automatically.
Use the arrow keys (,, , ) to dene the transformation ratios between the primary current (1A to 60,000A) and the second-
ary current (1A, 2A or 5A), then validate with the key.
The primary current cannot be less than the secondary current.
4.7.2. VOLTAGE RATIOS
A second screen V or U, denes the voltage ratios.
The programming of the ratio or ratios can be different or the same for all or for some channels.
The ratios to be programmed are phase-to-neutral voltage ratios when there is a neutral and phase-to-phase voltage ratios when
there is not.
To change the ratios, press the key.
30
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