a-eberle PQI-DA User Manual

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Operating Manual

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PQI-DA

Power Quality Interface & Disturbance Recorder

PQI-DA Operating Manual

Edition 01 Version Feb. 2010

a-eberle

PQI-DA

PQI-DA Power Quality Interface & Disturbance Recorder

Operating Manual

Version: October 2009

Published by

A. Eberle GmbH & Co. KG

Aalener Straße 30/32

90441 Nuremberg

Germany

Tel.: +49 (0) 911 / 62 81 08 0

Fax: +49 (0) 911 / 62 81 08 96

E-mail: info@a-eberle.de

Internet: www.a-eberle.de

The company A. Eberle GmbH & Co. KG cannot be held liable for any damages or losses resulting from printing errors or changes in this operating manual.

Furthermore, A. Eberle GmbH&Co. KG does not assume responsibility for any damages and losses resulting from faulty devices or from devices altered by the user.

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Inhaltsverzeichnis

Information: ................................................................................................................... 7

1. Technical Concept ...................................................................................................

1.1 Application .....................................................................................................8

1.2 Features of the Power-Quality-Interface & Disturbance Recorder ..................

1.3 Description ...................................................................................................

10 10

2. Application ............................................................................................................ 11

2.1 PQI-DA as a Recorder (Fault Recorder) ......................................................... 11

2.1.1 Recorder A ..............................................................................................................11

2.1.2 Recorder B ..............................................................................................................

2.1.3 Recorder C ..............................................................................................................

2.1.4 Events .....................................................................................................................

2.2 PQI-DA as System Component .................................................................... 16

12 14 15

3. Technical Data ...................................................................................................... 17

3.1 Standards ..................................................................................................... 17

3.2 Voltage inputs ...............................................................................................

3.3 Current inputs ...............................................................................................

3.4 Binary inputs (BI) ...........................................................................................

17 18 18

3.5 Binary outputs (BO) ......................................................................................

3.6 Limit value monitoring ...................................................................................

3.7 Measurement quantities ...............................................................................

3.8 Reference conditions ....................................................................................

3.9 Measurement data acquisition ......................................................................

3.10 Storage of measured values .........................................................................

3.11 Electromagnetic Compatibility .......................................................................

3.12 Electrical safety .............................................................................................

3.13 Operating voltages .......................................................................................

3.14 Power supply ...............................................................................................

3.15 Environmental conditions ..............................................................................

3.16 Data storage .................................................................................................

19 19 19 20 20 20 21 21 22 22 22 23

4. Mechanical Design ...............................................................................................23

4.1 Housing ........................................................................................................23

4.1.1 PQI-DA 4U / 4I .........................................................................................................24

4.1.2 PQI-DA 8U ...............................................................................................................

4.1.3 PQI-DA 4U/4I und 8U ............................................................................................

25 26

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5. Serial interfaces .................................................................................................... 28

5.1 RS232 interfaces .......................................................................................... 28

5.2 TCP/IP .........................................................................................................

5.3 RS485 Interfaces ..........................................................................................

5.4 E-LAN (Energy - Local Area Network) ...........................................................

5.4.1 Features ...................................................................................................................29

5.4.2 Conﬁguration Information .........................................................................................

28 28 29

5.5 Time Synchronisation and Measurement Trigger ........................................... 32

5.5.1 Measurement trigger ................................................................................................33

5.6 Parameterisation ........................................................................................... 34

5.6.1 Parameterising the Device ........................................................................................34

5.6.1.1 Transformer conﬁguration ........................................................................................ 34

5.6.1.2 Measurement range ................................................................................................

5.6.1.3 Network frequency ..................................................................................................

5.6.1.4 System time ............................................................................................................

5.6.1.5 Deﬁnition of measurement channels for interval data andevent-triggered measurement

data ......................................................................................................................... 35

5.6.1.6 Conﬁguration of the recording of the measurement data ..........................................

34 35 35

5.7 Hardware-orientated device versions ............................................................ 35

5.8 Application Examples (a selection) ................................................................

5.9 Block diagram PQI-DA 4 U/4 I ......................................................................

5.10 Block diagram PQI-DA 8xU .........................................................................

36 37 37

6. Characteristics of the Voltage Supply ................................................................... 38

6.1. Limit Values Speciﬁed in EN 50160 ...............................................................38

7. Measurement Circuits ........................................................................................... 40

7.1 Connection Possibilities ................................................................................ 41

7.2 Current Transformer Connections .................................................................

7.2.1 PQI-DA Current Transformer Connection .................................................................43

7.2.2 PQI-DA Current Transformer Connection .................................................................

7.3 Voltage Transformer Connections .................................................................44

7.3.1 PQI-DA Voltage Transformer Connection..................................................................45

8. Management of Process Data within the Device .................................................. 46

8.1 Classiﬁcation of the Data .............................................................................. 46

8.2 Monitoring the Voltage Quality and Managing the Process Data ....................

8.2.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................47

8.2.2 Terminology .............................................................................................................

8.2.3 Measurement Data Classes .....................................................................................

8.3 Events .......................................................................................................... 49

8.3.1 Start / Stop Events...................................................................................................50

8.3.2 Interval Events

8.3.3 Linking Events ..........................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................50

47 49

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8.4 Relative Frequency ....................................................................................... 51

8.4.1 Displaying the Week and Year Values ....................................................................... 51

8.5 Availability .....................................................................................................52

8.6 Adherence to the Speciﬁed Supply Voltage Range .......................................

8.7 Asymmetry ...................................................................................................

8.8 Harmonics ....................................................................................................

8.9 Flicker ...........................................................................................................

8.10 Frequency, Narrow Range ............................................................................

8.11 Frequency, Wide Range ................................................................................

8.12 Controls for Recording Measurement Data ...................................................

8.13 Interval Status Word .....................................................................................

8.14 Controls for the Event Evaluation ..................................................................

8.15 Event Filtering ...............................................................................................

8.16 Suppressing Interval Events ..........................................................................

8.17 Triggering of Fault Recorders A and B ...........................................................

8.18 Triggering of Fault Recorders A, B and C ......................................................

8.19 Parameterising the Fault Record ...................................................................

8.19.1 Fault Record Sequences ..........................................................................................59

52 54 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 58 59

8.20 Background Memory Recorders A and B ..................................................... 59

8.21 Supply Quality Signals ..................................................................................

8.22 Parameterising the Signal Output

8.23 Signal Output Operating Modes

.................................................................. 61

.................................................................... 61

9. Deﬁnition of the Measurement Quantities ............................................................ 62

9.1 Sampling, Synchronisation ...........................................................................63

9.2. Primary Sampling Values ..............................................................................

9.2.1 Deduced Sampling Values .......................................................................................64

9.2.1.1 External conductor voltages .................................................................................... 64

9.2.1.2 Neutral earth voltage ............................................................................................... 64

9.2.1.3 Phase voltages towards the virtual phase point ....................................................... 64

9.2.1.4 Outer conductor to earth voltages ........................................................................... 64

9.2.1.5 Outer conductor to phase point voltages ................................................................. 65

9.2.1.6 Linked conductor currents in a three-phase system ................................................. 65

9.2.1.7 Sum current, neutral conductor current ...................................................................65

9.2.1.8 Active power of the phase ....................................................................................... 65

9.2.2 R.M.S. Voltage Values ..............................................................................................66

9.2.2.1 Half-period r.m.s. voltage values .............................................................................. 66

9.2.2.2 10/12-period r.m.s. voltage values ........................................................................... 67

9.2.2.3 150/180-period r.m.s voltage values ........................................................................

9.2.2.4 10-minute r.m.s. voltage values ...............................................................................

9.2.2.5 2-hour r.m.s. voltage values ..................................................................................... 68

9.2.3 R.M.S. Current Values ..............................................................................................68

9.2.3.1 10/12-period r.m.s. current values ........................................................................... 68

9.2.3.2 150/180-period r.m.s. current values ....................................................................... 69

9.2.3.3 10-minute r.m.s. current values

9.2.3.4 2-hour r.m.s. current values ..................................................................................... 69

9.2.4 Linear Average Values .............................................................................................. 70

................................................................................ 69

67 68

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9.2.5 Network Frequency ..................................................................................................71

9.2.6 Spectral Analysis ......................................................................................................

9.2.7 Active Powers ..........................................................................................................77

9.2.8 Active Energies ........................................................................................................

9.2.9 Reactive Energies ....................................................................................................

9.2.10 Interval Average Values of the Active Powers ...........................................................

9.2.11 Average Value of the Conductor Currents with the Sign of the Active Power of the Net

9.2.12 Apparent Powers .....................................................................................................

9.2.13 Reactive Powers ......................................................................................................

9.2.14 Active Factors ..........................................................................................................

9.2.15 Reactive Factors ......................................................................................................

9.2.16 Active Factor Display Function .................................................................................

9.2.17 Flicker Magnitude .....................................................................................................

9.2.18 Asymmetrical Voltage ...............................................................................................

9.2.4.1 10/12-period average values ................................................................................... 70

9.2.4.2 150/180-period average values ............................................................................... 70

9.2.4.3 10-minute average values ........................................................................................ 70

9.2.4.4 2-hour average values ............................................................................................. 71

9.2.6.1 Complex harmonics ................................................................................................ 72

9.2.6.2 Phase difference between the reference voltge and the measurementvoltage (basic

frequency) ............................................................................................................... 73

9.2.6.3 Direction of the power ﬂow of the harmonics ...........................................................74

9.2.6.4 R.m.s. values of the harmonics ................................................................................ 74

9.2.6.5 R.m.s. values of the interharmonics .........................................................................

9.2.6.6 R.m.s. values of all the harmonics ...........................................................................

9.2.6.7 Total Harmonic Distortion THD................................................................................. 75

9.2.6.8 Phase difference between the voltage and the current(basic frequency) ................... 75

9.2.6.9 Direction of the rotating ﬁeld .................................................................................... 76

work ........................................................................................................................80

74 74

78 78 79

80 81 81 81 82 82 82

10. Commissioning ..................................................................................................... 83

10.1 Safety Information ......................................................................................... 83

10.2 Procedure .....................................................................................................

11. Applications .......................................................................................................... 84

11.1 Application-Speciﬁc Programming ................................................................ 84

12. Updating the Firmware ......................................................................................... 84

13. Scope of Delivery ..................................................................................................

14. Storage Information ..............................................................................................

15. Guarantee .............................................................................................................

16. Ordering Information .............................................................................................

PQI-DA Operating Manual

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Information:

Please note that the following operating manual cannot describe the latest version of the device in all cases. For example, if you download a more recent version of the ﬁrmware from the internet, the following description is no longer accurate in every point.

In this case, either contact us directly or refer to the most recent version of the operating manual available on our website (www.a-eberle.de).

PQI-DA Operating Manual

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1. Technical Concept

1.1 Application

The Power Quality-Interface for low-, medium- and high-voltage networks PQI-DA is the central component of a system, which executes all the measurement tasks in electrical networks.

The PQI-DA can be used both as Power Quality-Interface according DIN EN 50160 and as measuring device for all physically deﬁned measured variables in threephase systems.

The unit is mainly adapted for monitoring and recording certain supply qualities or quality objectives between utility and customer and, furthermore to provide the data for evaluation and storage.

Modern voltage-quality measurement devices operate according to IEC 61000-4-30. This standard deﬁnes measuring methods in order to establish a comparable basis for the user.

Devices from different manufacturers, operating according to this standard, have to provide approximately the same measurement results.

The standard distinguishes between two classes of measurement devices.

Class A measurement devices are mainly used for contractual measurements in customer-supplier relations, whereas class B measurement devices can be used to determine statistical quality values. For measurements according to EN50160 a class B device is sufﬁcient.

For the following parameters PQI-DA fulﬁlls the requirements of IEC 61000-4-30 for class A devices.

Parameter Class

• Accuracy of voltage measurement A

• Determination of time intervals A

• Marking of measured values at events A

• Harmonics, interharmonics A

• Frequency A

• Voltage asymmetry A

• Event recording A

• Time synchronization A

In addition, three different fault recorders can be used.

(with DCF77 or GPS)

The oscilloscope recorder collects fault records consisting of 100 µs-sampling values whose length (pre-event and post-event history) is freely selectable.

The r.m.s. recorder collects fault records consisting of r.m.s. values of half-period values (10ms). The length of the fault record (pre-event and post-event history) is also freely selectable.

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When exceeding a limiting value (harmonic or THD of a voltage), the harmonic recorder registers the corresponding spectrum of all harmonics from 2nd to 50

harmonic.

All fault records are triggered by a freely deﬁnable event. Phase-phase and phaseearth events can be recorded simultaneously.

The signal-voltage-recorder registers a freely adjustable frequency (e.g. ripple control frequency) over a period that can be selected.

Limit violations can be signalled via relays, if required.

On the input-side (U, I) the interface is available in different hardware-versions.

Current inputs are available for the measuring circuit (C20, C30) and for the protection circuit (C21, C31).

The following input characteristics can be selected:

• 4 voltage transformers for common power-quality applications

• 8 voltage transformers for power-quality applications in double-busbar systems

(code C10)

• 4 voltage transformers and 4 current transformers for power quality and general measuring tasks (code C20, C21, C30, C31)

(code C00)

Theoretically, up to 255 devices can be interlinked via the system bus (E-LAN). Even connections to devices of the voltage regulator system REGSys™, the Peterson-coil controller REG-DP, the earthfault detection system EORSys and the collapse prediction system CPSys are possible.

Each device offers two RS 232 interfaces (COM1 and COM2) and two E-LAN (Energy Local Area Network) interfaces.

Optional the PQI-DA can be equipped with an integrated TCP/IP-interface. In this case COM 2 is not available.

Possible ﬁrmware-updates can be easily made via a pushbutton, prevented against unintentional touch.

PQI-DA Operating Manual

RS232

COM 1

COM 2 / RJ 45 (TCP / IP)

UNE

DSP*

µP

LCD

LED´s

RAM

ROM

CLOCK

E-LAN-L

E-LAN-R

Binary inputs (BI)

Binary outputs (BO)

DCF 77

Trigger input

E-LAN

I1 (U1)

I2 (U2)

I3 (U3)

I0 (U4)

* DSP : digital signal processor

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1.2 Features of the Power-Quality-Interface & Disturbance Recorder PQI-DA

• Recording of the voltage quality according to DIN EN 50160

• Class A device according to IEC 61000-4-30

• Sampling frequency 10,24 kHz

• Fault recording function up to 20 x In

• Phase-phase and phase-earth measurements are possible simultaneously

• Voltage measurement channels for U

• Measurement of currents I1, I2, I3, I

• Acquisition of more than 3000 measured values

• Freely programmable limiting values and output via insulated contacts.

• Freely programmable binary inputs to start or stop measurements

• Data analysis via WinPQ software, using a mySQL-supported database

• Version with integrated TCP/IP-interface available

• Connection to SCADA according IEC 870-5-101

• Connection to SCADA according IEC 61850 in preparation

1.3 Description

, U23, U31, U

Function of Power Quality-Interfaces

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2. Application

2.1 PQI-DA as a Recorder (Fault Recorder)

Fault records are stored in the recorders A, B and C each time a fault occurs.

Trigger condition is either the falling below or exceeding a voltage limit or an external trigger signal. When the system is triggered, the pre-event and the post-event history of the voltage and current shape is recorded. You can choose between three different recorders.

2.1.1 Recorder A

Recorder A stores fault records of the events before and after the fault occurs using, for example, 2048 sampling values for each of the 8 measurement channels (1024 before, 1024 after). The measurement value acquired in each channel is dependent on the conﬁguration of the transformer and the version of the device.

Recorder A

8 voltages are sampled if 8 voltage inputs are used. If the measurement task requires four voltage inputs and four current inputs, then four voltages and four currents are measured accordingly.

8 simultaneously sampled momentary values are available every 100 µs, based on a sampling frequency of 10.24 kHz. These can be used to reconstruct a “ﬁngerprint” of a particular event.

The number of events, the total recording time and the position of the trigger point within the time slice can all be individually speciﬁed.

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The selection of the trigger point speciﬁes how many periods (seconds) of information before the fault and how many periods of information after the fault should be recorded per event.

Example: The total length of the record is speciﬁed as 2000 sampling points (approximately 200 ms). This represents 10 periods for a network frequency of 50 Hz. If the pre-trigger is set to 1000, the information before the event and the information after the event are both 5 periods, or 100 ms, long.

The total number of permissible trigger events must be chosen carefully since records stored with recorder A require a very large amount of memory.

If the speciﬁed number of events is exceeded, either the oldest events will be overwritten or no further records will be stored.

The desired behaviour can be chosen using Win PQ.

The trigger conditions which cause recorder A to be used can also be freely speciﬁed, i.e. they are not constrained to the limit values speciﬁed in EN 50160.

The trigger condition is created by linking selected events together with OR conditions.

The record shows the single-pole earth fault, which changes to a 2-pole earth fault a short time later.

This could be caused by the events described in the following account.

A mistake occurred in the cable duct: a hydraulic cutter was used to cut a cable which was still connected to a voltage supply instead of one that was disconnected.

As the edge of the blade touched the ﬁrst phase, it caused a single-pole earth fault and an increase in the neutral earth voltage. A short time later, two phases were short-circuited by the blade (phase-phase fault).

The subsequent progress of the fault process is explained in conjunction with recorder B.

2.1.2 Recorder B

Recorder B stores fault records for the 1/2-period r.m.s. (root mean square) values of phase and delta voltages. A record consists of a speciﬁable number of 1/2period r.m.s. values. Thus 10-ms values are recorded if the operating frequency is 50 Hz.

The trigger condition is created by linking selected events together with OR conditions.

The number of events, the total recording time and the position of the trigger point within the time slice can all be individually speciﬁed.

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The selection of the trigger point speciﬁes how many half-period values (10-ms values) should be recorded before and after the fault per event.

Recorder B

Example:

The total length of the record is speciﬁed as 500 10-ms values (approximately 5 s). If the pre-trigger is set to 250, the information before the event and the information after the event are both approximately 2.5 s long.

The total number of permissible trigger events must be chosen carefully. Records stored with recorder B require a large amount of memory.

If the speciﬁed number of events is exceeded, either the oldest events will be overwritten or no further records will be stored.

The desired behaviour can be selected using Win PQ.

The trigger conditions which cause recorder B to be used can be freely speciﬁed, i.e. they are not constrained to the limit values speciﬁed in EN 50160.

The record (see page 13) shows the fault illustrated on page 10 with a reduced resolution (10-ms r.m.s. value).

Due to the resolution it is no longer possible to recognise the path to the fault, i.e. the route from a single-pole to a 2-pole fault. However, one can see the effect of the overcurrent relay which disconnected the faulty cable from the busbar after approximately 400 ms.

PQI-DA Operating Manual

Rec A

Rec B

Rec C

2. 3. 5. 7. 9. 11. 40.

0-1

TRMS

Event

Input signal

After the eventBefor the event

10-minute average values of the harmonics

After the eventBefor the event

T.R.M.S. = True Root Mean Square value, LV = limit value

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2.1.3 Recorder C

Recorder C stores the corresponding harmonic spectrum (10-minute harmonic values) of a voltage if a harmonic limit or the THD (Total Harmonic Distortion, 10-minute value) of the voltage is exceeded.

The trigger condition is created by linking selected events together with OR conditions.

Recorder C

The comparison shows the three recorders A, B and C again as they are triggered by a dip in the voltage between time t

and time t0.

0-1

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After the zero point (t0), recorders A and B store information regarding the time period before and after the event, whereas recorder C only stores the 10-minute harmonics values of the information before the event.

2.1.4 Events

By deﬁnition, an “event” occurs every time a measurement quantity exceeds the threshold value speciﬁed in EN 50160 or any other predeﬁned value

Each event is stored in the event memory along with the start and stop time.

Events which permanently exceed the threshold value are re-triggered at the end of every 10-minute or 2-hour interval.

On the other hand, events which permanently exceed the threshold value are not re-triggered at the end of every 10-ms interval or at the end of 1/2, 10, 12, 150 or 180-period values.

In these cases, only a stop event is recorded when the threshold value is no longer exceeded.

To create time sums in these cases, the duration of the event is calculated from the difference between the start and the stop time of the event, and is then stored in the event memory.

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2.2 PQI-DA as System Component

The PQI-DA can be connected to all devices in the XXX-DX series (REG-D, REG-DA, REG-DM, PAN-D, REG-DP, MMU-D, EOR-D etc.) from A. Eberle GmbH&Co KG to create a measurement-, registration- and/or control-system.

The individual devices are connected to each other via the E-LAN system bus, and up to 255 different devices can communicate with each other via one E-LAN.

If multiple transformers feed energy into a network in a transformer station and each is equipped with a PQI-DA, the partial power of the individual transformers can also be measured by the corresponding PQI-DAs. They transmit the partial power to a particular PQI-DA via E-LAN, which then outputs the total power using a virtual measurement channel.

Furthermore, freely programmable binary inputs can be linked with measurement values or limit values, and also output as a binary signal.

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3. Technical Data

3.1 Standards

IEC 61010-1 / DIN EN 61010-1 IEC 60255-4 / DIN EN 60255-4 IEC 61326-1 / DIN EN 61326-1 IEC 60529 / DIN EN 60529 IEC 60068-1 / DIN EN 60068-1 IEC 60688 / DIN EN 60688 IEC 61000-6-2 / DIN EN 61000-6-2 IEC 61000-6-4 / DIN EN 61000-6-4

3.2 Voltage inputs

Option*) E1 E2

Un 100V 230V

Full scale range (FSR),sinus

Impedance 360 kΩ 810 kΩ

Fundamental magnitude error limit

Fundamental phase error limit ± 0.15°

Bandwidth DC…3kHz

Harmonics 2nd..50 error limit

Interharmonics 2nd..49 error limit

Insulation CAT III / 300V

200V 460V

±0.1% of U

over 10% ~ 150% of U

over 50% ~ 150% of U

over f

±5% of reading over Um = 1% ~ 16% of U

±0.05% of U

±5% of reading over Um = 1% ~ 16% of U

±0.05% of U

over Um < 1% of U

din

over Um < 1% of U

din

nom

din

±15%

din

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3.3 Current inputs

Option*) C20 C21 C30 C31

In 1A 5A

Full scale range (FSR)

sinus

Load (In) < 0.1 VA < 0.5 VA

Fundamental magnitude

error limit

Fundamental phase

error limit

Bandwidth 25Hz…3kHz

Harmonics 2nd...50

error limit

Interharmonics 2nd...49

error limit

Overload capacity

Continuous

≤ 10s

≤ 1s

≤ 5ms

Insulation CAT III / 300V

0 < I ≤ 2A 0 < I ≤ 20A 0 < I ≤ 10A 0 < I ≤ 100A

± 0.1% of FSR

over FSR

± 0.15° over

10% ~ 100%

of FSR

±5% of reading over Im = 1% ~ 16% of In

±0.05% of In over Im < 1% of I

±5% of reading over Im = 1% ~ 16% of In

±0.05% of In over Im < 1% of In

5A 10A 30A

100A

± 0.15° over

5% ~ 50%

of FSR

over f

± 0.15° over

10% ~ 100%

of FSR

±15%

nom

10A

30A 100A 500A

± 0.2% of FSR

over FSR

± 1.0° over

5% ~ 10%

of FSR

±10% of reading

over

Im = 1% ~ 16%

of In ±0.1%

of In over

Im < 1% of In

±10% of reading

over

Im = 1% ~ 16%

of In ±0.1%

of In over

Im < 1% of In

*) Note:

 Codese.g.“E1,E2,C20,C31…“;seecharacteristicsonpage86

3.4 Binary inputs (BI)

Control signals Ust In the range 48 V ... 230 V AC/DC

Waveform Rectangular, sinusoidal H – Level > 35 V L – Level < 20 V

Signal frequency up to 60 Hz DC Switching delay Selectable from 1...999 s Input resistance 108 k Electrical isolation Optocoupler; always two earthed

PQI-DA Operating Manual

Ω

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3.5 Binary outputs (BO)

Electrical isolation isolated from all internally potentials Type of relay Changeover contact Status,

R2, R3 Galvanically isolated from each other R4, R5 Earthed

Contact load AC: 250 V, 5 A (cos AC: 250 V, 3 A (cos DC: 220 V, 150 W switching capacity

No. of switching operations LED display

Operation Green Error Red

3.6 Limit value monitoring

Limit values Programmable Response times Programmable

ϕ = 1.0) ϕ = 0.4)

≥ 1.104 electrical

3.7 Measurement

(selection from over 3000 measurement quantities)

TRMS voltages U TRMS current I1, I2, I3, I Active power P Reactive power Q Apparent power S Power factors cos Harmonics U/I up to the 50 Interharmonics U/I up to the 49th Frequency f Flicker Pst, Plt Dips, Swells, Interruptions Voltage unbalance Mains signalling voltages

, U2N, U3N, UNE, U12, U23, U

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Aggregation intervals:

½-cycle 10/12-cycle (fnom = 50/60Hz) 150/180-cycle (fnom = 50/60Hz) 5 / 6 / 6.67 / 7.5 / 10 2 h

Error limits:

Frequency: ± 5mHz over f Flicker, Pst,Plt: ±5% of reading over 0.02% ~ 20% of Dip residual voltage: ±0.2% of U Dip duration: ±20ms over 10% ~ 100% of U Swell residual voltage: ±0.2% of U Swell duration: ±20ms over 100% ~ 150% of U Interruption duration: ±20ms over 1% ~ 100% of U Voltage unbalance: ±0.15% over 1% ~ 5% of reading Mains signalling voltage: ±5% of reading over U

±0.15% of U

3.8 Reference conditions

Reference temperature 23°C ± 1 K

/ 12 / 15 / 20 / 30 min

±15% (f

nom

over 10% ~ 100% of U

din

over 100% ~ 150% of U

din

over Um = 1% ~ 3% of U

din

= 50Hz/60Hz)

nom

din

= 3% ~ 15% of U

∆U/U

din

Input parameters U = Un ± 10% I = In ± 10%

Auxiliary voltage H = H Frequency = f Other IEC 60688 - Part 1

3.9 Measurement data acquisition

Sampling rate: 10240 Hz ADC resolution: 24bit Anti-Aliasing-Filters: Analog filter : 3

Digital ﬁlter : sinc Nominal frequency: f Fundamental frequency range: f

3.10 Storage of measured values

Permanent 4 MB

± 1%

nom

= 50Hz, 60Hz

nom

±15 % (f

nom

order Butterworth filter

decimation ﬁlter (ADC)

= 50 Hz / 60 Hz)

nom

Volatile 48 MB

PQI-DA Operating Manual

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3.11 Electromagnetic Compatibility

CE conformity

- Electromagnetic Immunity

EN 61326 EN 61000-6-2

- Emitted interference

EN 61326 EN 61000-6-4

ESD

IEC 61000-4-2 8 kV / 16 kV IEC 60 255-22-2

Electromagnetic ﬁelds

IEC 61000-4-3 10 V/m IEC 60 255-22-3

Burst

IEC 61000-4-4 4 kV / 2 kV IEC 60 255-22-4

Surge 1 MHz burst

IEC 61000-4-5 4 kV / 2 kV IEC 61000-4-12 2.5 kV, class III IEC 60 255-22-1

Conducted high frequency magnetic ﬁelds

IEC 61000-4-6 10 V, 150 kHz ... 80 MHz IEC 61000-4-8 100 A/m continuous All positions 1000 A/m 1 s

Voltage dips

IEC 61000-4-11 30 % 0.02s, 60 % 1 s

Emitted interference

EN 61326 EN 61000-6-4

- Housing

At a distance of 10 m 30 ... 230 MHz, 40 dB 230 ... 1000 MHz, 47 dB

- AC supply connection At a distance of 10 m 0.15 ... 0.5 MHz, 79 dB

0.5 ... 5 MHz, 73 dB 5 ... 30 MHz, 73 dB

3.12 Electrical safety

Degree of protection I Degree of pollution 2 Measuring category CAT III / 300 V

Optional CAT III / 500 V

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3.13 Operating voltages

50 V 230 V

E-LAN, COM-Server, COM1 ... COM2 Time- / Trigger- BUS

3.14 Power supply

Feature H0 H1

AC (internal) - -

AC 85 … 264 V -

DC 88 … 280 V 18 … 72 V

Power consumption

Frequency 40 … 70 Hz -

Miniature fuse T1 250 V T2 250 V

Auxiliary voltage Binary inputs Relay outputs

≤ 15 W ≤ 15 W

The following applies to all features: Voltage interruptions ≤ 80 ms do not cause a fault or loss of data.

3.15 Environmental conditions

Temperature range

Function -15 ... +55°C Transport und storage -25 ... +65°C

Humidity

No condensation on 30 days/year 95 % rel.

Dry, cold

IEC 60068-2-1 -15°C / 16 h

Dry, hot

IEC 60068-2-2 +55°C / 16 h

Constant humid heat

IEC 60068-2-3 + 40 °C/93 % / 2 days

Cyclical humid heat

IEC 60068-2-30 12+12h, 6 cycles, +55°C/93%

Toppling

IEC 60068-2-31 100 mm drop, unwrapped

Vibration

IEC 60255-21-1 Class 1

Impact

IEC 60255-21-2 Class 1

PQI-DA Operating Manual

132.05

204

216

147.2

www.a-eberle.de

PQI-DA

SERVICE

FAULT

RESET

class A

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PQI-DA

3.16 Data storage

Device settings Serial EEPROM with ≥ 1000 k read/write cycles

RAM data Li battery laser-welded

4. Mechanical Design

4.1 Housing

The Power Quality-Interface PQI-DA is kept in a rugged stainless steel case.

All connections are accessible via Phoenix terminals. The connections are made in plug-in/clamping technology, except the current and voltage inputs.

If the option COM-Server (code T1) is selected, a RJ 45-connection is available.

The PQI-DA is applicable both as wall mountable as well as DIN rail mountable housing.

Material stainless steel

Degree of protection Housing IP 40 Terminals IP 20

Mass

≤ 2 kg

Dimensions see ﬁg. below

Connection elements Screw terminals

Dimensions

PQI-DA Operating Manual

I4kI

U L(+)HU L(-)

14 15

11 13

GND

14 15

x1 x3

4 6

9 10

30 31

32 33 34 35

606162

41424344

18 19

21 222324

25 26

28 29

46 47

5152 53545556 57

11 13

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PQI-DA

4.1.1 PQI-DA 4U / 4I

Assignment of the terminal blocks x1 … x3

Terminal block no.

Description Function

x1 Auxiliary voltage U

Phase voltage L1 (AC) U

Phase voltage L2 U

Phase voltage L3 U Neutral voltage U

Terminal no.

L (+) 14

L (-) 15

L1 2

L2 5 L3 8

N 11

Ground GND E 13

Phase Current L1 I1

Phase Current L2 I2

Phase Current L3 I3

Neutral-current I4

PQI-DA Operating Manual

k 1

l 3

k 4

l 6

k 7

l 9

k 10

l 12

30 31

32 33 34 35

606162

41424344

46 47

5152 53545556 57

18 19

21 222324

25 26

28 29

2.1

5.1

8.1

11.1

x2 / line 1

2.2

5.2

8.2

11.2

x2 / line 2

14 15

GND

U L(+)HU L(-)

14 15

2.2

5.2

8.2

11.2

GND

2.1

5.1

8.1

11.1

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PQI-DA

4.1.2 PQI-DA 8U

Assignment of terminal blocks x1 … x2

Terminal block no.

Description Function

x1 Auxiliary voltage U

Phase voltage U

line 1

Phase voltage U

Neutral voltage U

Phase voltage U

line 2

Phase voltage U

Neutral voltage U

Terminal no.

L (+) 14

L (-) 15

L1 2.1

L2 5.1

L3 8.1

N 11.1

L1 2.2

L2 5.2

L3 8.2

N 11.2

Ground GND E 13

PQI-DA Operating Manual

prog.

Binary outputs 230 V

Status

16 19

26 28

21 24 27 29

Binary inputs 230 V

+-+ + +

- - -

E1 E2 E3 E4

30 31 32 33 34 35

prog.

E-LAN

414042

39433844374536

E-

GND

E+

EA+

EA-

EA+

E+

GND

E-

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PQI-DA

4.1.3 PQI-DA 4U/4I und 8U

Assignment of terminal blocks x5 … x9

PQI-DA Operating Manual

Terminal block no.

Description Function

Status R1

Binary outputs 230 V

x7 Binary inputs 230 V

E-LAN R (right)) E- 36

E-LAN L (left) E- 41

Terminal

no.

Pole

NC contact

NO contact

Pole

NC contact

NO contact

Pole

NC contact

NO contact

Pole

NC contact

NO contact

Pole

NC contact

NO contact

E1 + 30

E2 + 31

E1 / E2 GND 32

E3 + 33

E4 + 34

E3 / E4 GND 35

E+ 37

EA- 38

EA+ 39

GND 40

E+ 42

EA- 43

EA+ 44

GND 45

16 17 18

19 20 21

22 23 24

27 26 25

27 28 29

Trigger

GPS IRIG-A IRIG-B

5251504948

GND

Term TxB

TxB

TxA

Term TxA

RxB

Term RxA

RxA

GND

Term B

Term A

(optional)

COM 2

RS232

62616059

TxD

RxD

GND

RTS

CTS

a-eberle

PQI-DA

Terminal block no.

Description Function

GPS, IRIG-A IRIG-B adapter card

Term A 46

Terminal

no.

A 47

B 48

Term B 49

GND 50

Trigger RxA 51

Term RxA 52

RxB 53

Term TxA 54

TxA 55

TxB 56

Term TxB 57

GND 58

COM 2 RS 232

CTS 59

RTS 60

GND 61

RxD 62

TxD 63

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5. Serial interfaces

5.1 RS232 interfaces

Each PQI-DA has two RS 232 interfaces referred to as COM 1 and COM 2.

COM 1 can be used as a parameterisation and programming interface via a 9-pole SUB-D plug.

COM 2 can be wired via a plug-in terminal block.

If option T1 (COM server / TCP/IP) is selected, an RJ 45 connection is available instead of COM 2.

Connection elements

COM 1 Pin strip, Sub Min D

on the front of the device, pin assignment as on PC

COM 2 Terminal strip x8

Connection options PC, terminal, modem, PLC

Number of data bits / protocol Parity 8, even, off, odd

Transfer rate bit / s 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 76800, 115200

Handshake RTS / CTS or X

5.2 TCP/IP

The TCP/IP or COM server interface is galvanically isolated from all other electrical circuits.

Communication via this interface is possible with a baud rate of 100 MBaud.

Parameterisation of the connection (IP address etc.) is carried out using the WinPQ parameterisation software.

5.3 RS485 Interfaces

/ X

OFF

Each PQI-DA is equipped with a double E-LAN interface as standard. It provides the bus connection to PQI-DAs, REG-D voltage regulators, REG-DP Petersen coil regulators, or an EORSys earth fault locating system.

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5.4 E-LAN (Energy - Local Area Network)

5.4.1 Features

• 255 bus stations can be addressed

• Multimaster structure

• Integrated repeater function

• Open ring, bus or combination of bus and ring possible

• Log based on SDLC/HDLC framework

• Transfer rates of 62.5 or 125 kbit/s

• Telegram length 10 to 30 Bytes

• Average throughput approx. 100 telegrams / s

5.4.2 Conﬁguration Information

The E-LAN (Energy- Local- Area- Network)) is a powerful bus which is used to communicate with all the other bus devices, and which can be operated as either a 2-wire or a 4-wire bus.

The bus controller can store up to 255 addresses. This means that theoretically up to 255 A. Eberle GmbH & Co. KG devices can be operated by one E-LAN, and they can all be read and parameterised using a single COM 1 or COM 2 (RS232) interface.

The transfer speed ranges from 15.6 to 375 kBaud.

It is possible to use either a 2-wire and 4-wire line-to-line connection, or to operate up to 32 devices in parallel using a dedicated 2-wire line like a standard bus connection.

Mixtures of the two topologies are possible, as is the conversion to other bus protocols and other physical media (LWL connection, coaxial cable, etc.).

The line-to-line topology has an E-LAN characteristic which is particularly useful for distributed installed devices.

Two RS485 devices can be separated by up to 1.2 km according to the speciﬁcation of the RS485 driver.

However, since all PQI-DA, like all other bus components, is equipped with a double interface (E-LAN left and E-LAN right), each device acts as a repeater, meaning the distance to be bridged can be increased by a further 1.2 km.

Figure 14 shows a conﬁguration in which four PQI-DAs, with addresses <A> to <D>, are operating on a dedicated 2-wire line using the standard bus technology. The distance between these four devices may not exceed 1.2 km.

A second bus line is opened from address <B>. In this example, it leads to two bus stations – a REG-D voltage regulator (address <E>) and a Peterson coil regulator (address <F>).

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In this example, an EOR-D is connected to the right hand E-LAN interface of the PQI-DA with address <D> using a 4-wire connection.

The question “Which device should be connected to the right interface, and which to the left interface?” is easily answered: both are acceptable. The system can detect which sort of device is connected to which interface (left or right) and enters the corresponding bus station (address, type of device, type of connection) into its own bus index.

Therefore, the bus type doesn’t have to be taken into consideration when planning an E-LAN. However, one must ensure that each E-LAN component has a unique

address (A...A9, B...B9, C...C9.....Z...Z4) and that the transfer speed and bus

topology are identical between two devices that are connected with each other.

Furthermore, one must ensure that if a two-wire connection is used, the ﬁrst and last bus connection are terminated with a resistance as this prevents reﬂections from occurring. The resistances are available in every device (as hardware) and can be activated or deactivated using WinPQ.

E-LAN connections that are not used should either be terminated or operated in the 4-wire mode.

PQI-DA Operating Manual

z10

z12

b10

b12

EOR-D

COM1

Status

Reset

PQI-D

COM1

Status

Reset

PQI-D

COM1

Status

Reset

2 wire BUS

BUS-L

BUS-R

4-wire

line to line

2-wire

line to line

2-wire line to line

<A>

<C>

<B>

<D>

<E>

<F>

<G>

PQI-DA

PQI-D

REG-D

REG-DP

EOR-D

Example of linking using E-LAN

<A> PQI-D PQI-DA

REG-D REG-DP EOR-D Int. term.

BUS address Power-Quality-Interface Power-Quality-Interface & Disturbance Recorder Voltage regulator Peterson coil regulator Earth-fault locating relay Interface must be terminated with a resistance

Int. term.

Suitable for fibre optic cable transmission

lengths and RS 485 boosters

Int. term.

www.a-eberle.de

PQI-DA

BETRIEB

STÖRUNG

RESET

class A

www.a-eberle.de

PQI-DA

BETRIEB

STÖRUNG

RESET

class A

AUTO

local

remote

ESC

Status

< U

> U

> I

REG-D

COM1

a-eberle

Display

X = 81,15 y = 76,95

B = 67,818 mm H = 67,818 mm

AUTO

local

remote

ESC

Status

REG-DP

COM1

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PQI-DA

PQI-DA Operating Manual

www.a-eberle.de

PQI-DA

BETRIEB

STÖRUNG

RESET

class A

www.a-eberle.de

PQI-DA

BETRIEB

STÖRUNG

RESET

class A

www.a-eberle.de

PQI-DA

BETRIEB

STÖRUNG

RESET

class A

x6 x6 x6

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PQI-DA

5.5 Time Synchronisation and Measurement Trigger

The PQI-DA has an accurate quartz real time clock (RTC), which continues to run even if the auxiliary voltage is interrupted. The synchronisation of multiple devices is achieved by linking the PQI-DAs via the so-called time synchronisation bus (RS 232) and/or E-LAN.

A device deﬁned as the time master cyclically transmits its local time via E-LAN to all the other PQI-DAs. The master also sends additional pulses each second via the time synchronisation bus to achieve sub-second accuracy. Thus, the real time clock of each synchronised PQI-DA will exactly match that of the master PQI-DA.

If the master PQI-DA is synchronised by connecting a radio time signal (e.g. the MSF signal in Great Britain), this signal is also applied to all the PQI-DAs it synchronises.

Multiple PQI-DAs can also be synchronised by assigning a radio time signal receiver or GPS receiver to each PQI-DA.

Figure 15: Bussynchronisation,examplesfor3PQI-DAslinkedbya4-wireline.

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5.5.1 Measurement trigger

The PQI-DA can record fault records triggered by events and multiple PQI-DAs can simultaneously store fault records when they are all connected to the measurement trigger bus. If an event occurs in a PQI-DA that triggers its internal fault recording to start, this unit sends a trigger pulse to the measurement trigger bus. This pulse is then detected by the other PQI-Ds and they will also begin to store fault records, if external triggering has been enabled.

The time trigger can, for example, also be used to deduce how a particular event at input 1 affected the voltage quality at output 5.

The measurement trigger should always be activated if the exact time sequence of events is required. Time differences of a few tens of milliseconds may occur if time-critical data is transmitted over the E-LAN, due to the running time of the bus.

From the electrical point of view, the time synchronisation bus and the measurement trigger bus exhibit the same characteristics as the E-LAN (RS 485). However, in contrast to the E-LAN, the interfaces of the ﬁrst two can only be conﬁgured using jumpers.

All PQI-DAs are supplied with the termination switched off.

The default values do not have to be altered if one or more PQI-DAs are operated in a single housing or 19” mounting rack. The ﬁrst and last device on the bus must be correctly terminated if multiple housings or mounting racks are used (causing the bus length to be longer than 50 cm). For time and measurement signals there is a difference between active and passive termination.

Active termination terminates the bus with the wave resistance at the start of the cable and at the same time applies the driving voltage to the appropriate bus segment. On the other hand, a passively terminated bus station is normally located at the end of the cable, and is simply terminated with the wave resistance in order to prevent reﬂections.

Due to this, the ﬁrst device on the bus must be set to active termination and the last device to passive termination. The termination remains switched off for all the intermediate devices, i.e. they remain in the default status.

The jumpers for the two signals are located on an additional board which is mounted on the circuit board CPU (see Figure 16).

This method can be used to connect up to 32 devices to each other.

The speciﬁcation of RS 485 drivers stipulates that the maximum separation of two devices should not exceed 1.2 km.

PQI-DA Operating Manual

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5.6 Parameterisation

The PQI-DA Power Quality Interface & Disturbance Recorder can be connected to the E-LAN just like all other REGSys devices. A PC is used for the parameterisation and the management of the synchronisation as well as to display the measurement data of the networked devices. It is connected to one or more PQI-DAs using the COM interface. REG-L commands are used for communication and both the WinPQ and the ParaPQ programs can be utilised.

The data management of the system encompasses both the internal and external management of the measurement and parameterisation data (within the device and using a PC respectively). The user can only access the settings, statuses and measurement data of the devices by using a PC (serial interface) since the PQI-DAs do not contain an operator interface.

However, the units do not require any external computer to carry out the measurements.

Each PQI-DA can record measurement data for a certain amount of time, after which the information must be transferred to a PC (database) as ofﬂine data.

A selection of online data can also be transferred to the PC, either continuously or all at once. The selection is not affected by the conﬁguration of the recording of the measurement data. Both online and ofﬂine data can be displayed, but in order to use the device memory and transfer capacity efﬁciently, the user must specify which of the measurement quantities should be permanently displayed.

5.6.1 Parameterising the Device

The PQI-DA offers a wide range of measurement possibilities, and not all measurement quantities are required all the time.

However, the parameterisation principle is the same for all of them.

The following parameterisation steps are required:

5.6.1.1 Transformer conﬁguration

The PQI-DA offers complete freedom with regard to conﬁguring the transformer.

Voltage transformers and current transformers can be parameterised independently of each other, ensuring that (almost) every type of measuring circuit can be achieved using PQI-DAs.

5.6.1.2 Measurement range

PQI-DAs are particularly suited for use in medium and high voltage networks. However, their use in low voltage networks (230 V → custom value) is also possible without restrictions.

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5.6.1.3 Network frequency

The acceptable frequency range for fundamental current and voltage oscillations is 45...65Hz.

 The WinPQ software can be used to conﬁgure the triggering options of an event or fault record for the individual measurement quantities.

5.6.1.4 System time

The system time can be entered into the PQI-DA or controlled by a radio time signal (real time clock), e.g. in Great Britain, the MSF signal.

A “time drift” of up to 12 minutes per year may occur if a radio clock synchronisation system is not used.

5.6.1.5 Deﬁnition of measurement channels for interval data and event-triggered measurement data

Speciﬁc measurement quantities that are appropriate to the type of task being carried out can be selected and assigned to a measurement channel. Over 3,000 measurement quantities are available.

5.6.1.6 Conﬁguration of the recording of the measurement data

The available memory can be divided according to the type of task being carried out. If records or events are of particular interest, a signiﬁcant part of the memory can be used for these items.

5.7 Hardware-orientated device versions

The ﬂexibility of the system, i.e. precisely matching speciﬁc requirements, can also be achieved using the hardware characteristics of the input and output conﬁguration.

Table 1 shows the different possibilities.

Measurement inputs

Feature

C00 4 voltage inputs (100 V / 230 V)

C10 2 x 4 voltage inputs (100 V / 230 V) for double busbar system

C20 to C31 4 voltage inputs (100 V / 230 V),

Table 1

PQI-DA Operating Manual

4 current inputs (1 A / 5 A)

PQI-DA

Results according to EN50160

BB1

4 x U

COM1

4 freely programmable limit value outputs plus status

4 freely programmable binary inputs (measurement start, stop etc.)

PQI-DA

BB1

3 x I4 x U

COM1

Results according to EN50160

4 freely programmable limit value outputs plus status

4 freely programmable binary inputs (measurement start, stop etc.)

PQI-DA

4 x U

BB2

COM1

BB1

Results according to EN50160

4 freely programmable limit value outputs plus status

4 freely programmable binary inputs (measurement start, stop etc.)

PQI-DA

4 x U

BB1

COM1

Results according to EN50160

4 freely programmable limit value outputs plus status

4 freely programmable binary inputs (measurement start, stop etc.)

PQI-DA

4 x U

COM1

Results according to EN50160

4 freely programmable limit value outputs plus status

4 freely programmable binary inputs (measurement start, stop etc.)

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PQI-DA

5.8 Application Examples (a selection)

There are 5 typical applications using feature “C”

PQI-DA Operating Manual

RS232

COM 1

D-sub plug connector

front side

1 2 3 4 5

7 8 9

GND

DTR

CTS

TXD

RTS

RXD

DSR

DCD

µP

LED

CLOCK

RAM/ROM

Display

DSP

E-LAN

414042

39 433844374536

E-

GND

E+

EA+

EA-

EA+

E+

GND

E-

(optional)

COM 2

RS232

62616059

TxD

RxD

GND

RTS

CTS

230 V binary inputs

+-+ + +

- - -

E1 E2 E3 E4

30 31 32 33 34 35

prog.

Trigger

GPS IRIG-A IRIG-B

585756

52515049484746

GND

TermTxB

TxB

TxA

TermTxA

RxB

Term RxA

RxA

GND

Term B

TermA

Strip no.

Terminal no.

prog.

230 V binary outputs

Status

16 19

2625 28

21 24 27 29

GND

Auxilliary voltag

AC or DC

U L(+)

U L(-)

14 15

Strip no.

Terminal no.

RS232

COM 1

1 2 3 4 5

7 8 9

GND

DTR

CTS

TXD

RTS

RXD

DSR

DCD

µP

LED

RAM/ROM

DSP

E-LAN

414042

39 433844374536

E-

GND

E+

EA+

EA-

EA+

E+

GND

E-

(optional)

COM 2

RS232

62616059

TxD

RxD

GND

RTS

CTS

+-+ + +

- - -

E1 E2 E3 E4

30 31 32 33 34 35

prog.

Trigger

GPS IRIG-A IRIG-B

585756

52515049484746

GND

TermTxB

TxB

TxA

TermTxA

RxB

Term RxA

RxA

GND

Term B

TermA

prog.

Status

16 19

2625 28

21 24 27 29

2.2

5.2

8.2

11.2

GND

2.1

5.1

8.1

11.1

U L(+)

U L(-)

14 15

D-sub plug connector

front side

Strip no.

Terminal no.

CLOCK

Display

230 V binary inputs

Strip no.

Terminal no.

230 V binary outputs

Auxilliary voltag

AC or DC

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PQI-DA

5.9 Block diagram PQI-DA 4 U/4 I

FeaturesC20,C21,C30,C31

5.10 Block diagram PQI-DA 8xU

Features C10

PQI-DA Operating Manual

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PQI-DA

6. Characteristics of the Voltage Supply

The trend to permanently monitor the quality of the network is constantly increasing. This is, on the one hand, due to the original speciﬁcation of the task – the desire to have ﬁxed monitoring – and, on the other, due to the standards and regulations that have arisen as a result of this desire.

Previously, a transportable device was installed in the system after a fault occurred. The time t0 was deduced from the measurement between t1 and t2. If no fault was detected between t1 and t2, one concluded that a fault also did not occur between time t0 and t1.

This argument is both false and unscientiﬁc.

Due to this, EN 50160 deﬁned a sequence of measurement intervals, which require continuous measurement.

EN 50160 speciﬁes average values that span 10 minutes, days, weeks and up to a year. Measurements that last months or years can obviously only be achieved using permanently installed devices.

The range of values and evaluation parameters for low voltage and medium voltage networks are listed in the following tables.

6.1. Limit Values Speciﬁed in EN 50160

DIN EN 50160 “Voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by public distribution systems”: 2008 generally leaves the precise speciﬁcation of limits to be jointly agreed upon by the energy supplier / distributor and the consumer.

This is to be expected, since this area is not uniform throughout Europe.

A feature that is essential for one recipient could have a much lower priority for a different recipient.

Therefore, it is not only sensible, but also essential, that the voltage quality that is to be supplied is deﬁned in the negotiations between the energy suppliers and the consumers.

Table 1 summarises the quality parameters speciﬁed in EN 50160 that are most frequently used.

An example based on the row in Table 1 labelled “Random long interruptions to the supply (>3 minutes )” (highlighted in grey) shows that the standard is only applicable via negotiations between the energy supplier and the recipient.

For example, the Standard permits 10 to 50 interruptions of random length to the voltage supply per year that may each last > 3 minutes.

There are 8760 hours in a year, and if one deﬁnes a voltage interruption as 175.2 hours (permissible since 175.2 hours > 3 minutes), it would be possible to not supply any energy for an entire year and still remain within the framework of EN 50160 (8760 hours = 50 interruptions * 175.2 hours).

PQI-DA Operating Manual

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This extreme example shows that the regulation only speciﬁes the framework, within which an individual voltage quality can be deﬁned.

The PQI-DA Power Quality Interface & Disturbance Recorder measures all the quality parameters and enables the user to deﬁne his/her own limit values.

Summary of the important speciﬁcations contained in EN 50160

Characteristics of the

supply voltage

Frequency (when connected to integrated network)

Slow voltage change 230 V

Fast voltage change 5 % 4 % R.m.s. value 10 min 1 day often

Flicker (speciﬁcation only for long ﬂicker)

Voltage dips *) (< 1 min)

Short interruptions to the supply (< 3 min)

Random long interruptions to the supply (>3 min)

Intermittent overvoltage at the network frequency (extern. conductor - earth)

Transient overvoltage (extern. conductor - earth) Normally < 6 kV

Voltage asymmetry (relationship between with system and contra-system)

Harmonic voltage (reference Un or Uc)

Inter-harmonic voltage Values not yet available Values not yet available

Signal voltages (reference value, Un or Uc)

Values / ranges of values Measurement & evaluation params.

Low voltage Medium voltage

49.5 Hz to 50.5 Hz 47 Hz to 52 Hz

10 %

P = 1

10 to 1000 per year

(under 85 % Uc)

10 to 50 per year R.m.s. value 10 ms 1 year 100 %

10 to 50 per year

(under 1 % U)

Normally < 1.5 kV

Normally 2 %

In special cases up 3 %

Total harmonic distortion

(THD) = 8 %

(MS: 9 to 95 kHz range

not yet available)

±10 %

1.7 to 2.0 Uc

(depending. on

neutral-point

handling)

depending on

isolation

coordination

Basic

quantity

Integration

Interval

Average

value

R.m.s. value 10 s 1 week 95 %

Flicker

algorithm

R.m.s. value 10 ms 1 year 100 %

R.m.s. value 10 ms None 100 %

R.m.s. value None None 100 %

R.m.s. value 10 min 1 week 95 %

R.m.s. value 3 s 1 day 99 %

10 s 1 year

2 h 1 week 95 %

Monitoring

period

99.5 % 100 %

Required

percentage

*) IEC 61000-4-30

Table 1

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7. Measurement Circuits

Transformer Conﬁguration

In general:

 If the neutral earth voltage UNE is not available, terminal “N” must be con-

nected to terminal “E”.

 The choice of the type of connection is made via WinPQ.

 Voltage transformer conﬁguration and current transformer conﬁguration can

be set independently of each other and therefore they can be adjusted to any network situation.

Information:

WinPQ offers a button to carry out this procedure as simple as possible.

PQI-DA Operating Manual

d10

d14

z12

d18

z16

d22

z20

E (PE)

d10

d14

z12

d18

z16

d22

z20

E (PE)

PQI-DA simplified connections

Conditions:

- U4 is not required and is therefore short-circuited

- Reference voltage is connected in parallel to L1

- Common zero point

PQI-DA voltage connections

U1 U1

sync

PQI-DA current connections

d10

L1'

d14

z12

L2'

d18

z16

L3'

d22

z20

E (PE)'

PQI-DA voltage connections

Terminal strip 1 Terminal strip 1

Only characteristic C2 - terminal strip 2

Only characteristic C1 - terminal strip 2

Only characteristic C2 - terminal strip 3

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PQI-DA

7.1 Connection Possibilities

Pin assignment for the voltage and current inputs of the PQI-DA

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PQI-DA

7.2 Current Transformer Connections

Each PQI-DA Power Quality Interface & Disturbance Recorder has four current inputs. In general, inputs I1 to I3 can be used to measure the line currents.

The fourth current can be used as a sum current or as a neutral conductor current input.

For sum current measurements, it is irrelevant if the sum current is created using a sum current transformer (core balance transformer) or a Holm-Green circuit.

Only two currents are required in an Aron circuit, because in “healthy” threeconductor networks the third current can be calculated if the other two currents are already known (a healthy network is one in which the vector sum of all three currents is zero).

Normally, an Aron circuit is applied in such a way that the currents in L1 and L3 are measured and are then used to calculate L2.

The PQI-DA is not limited in this case either, since the appropriate input conﬁguration is prepared regardless of which phases have a current transformer available.

Only one current transformer needs to be connected in equally loaded networks. In this case the PQI-DA transmits the total power, by multiplying the phase power by 3 (the three individual powers are the same if the network is equally loaded).

The appropriate input conﬁguration is prepared in this case too, regardless of which phase contains the current transformer.

PQI-DA Operating Manual

L2 L3

Only characteristic C2: Socket connector 2

6 5

Socket connector 3

S1 S2

P1 P2

S1 S2

P1 P2

S1 S2

P1 P2

S1 S2

4 3 2 1 6 5



ALAKBLBKCL

I-configuration 1, 3-phase

L2 L3

6 5 6 5

S1 S2

P1 P2

S1 S2

P1 P2

S1 S2

P1 P2

4 3 2 1

I-configuration 2, 4-phase

L2 L3

6 5

S1 S2

P1 P2

S1 S2

P1 P2

S1 S2

P1 P2

S1 S2

P1 P2

4 3 2 1 6 5

L2 L3

6 5 6 5

S1 S2

P1 P2

S1 S2

P1 P2

S1 S2

P1 P2

4 3 2 1

I-configuration 2, 3-phase



L2 L3

6 5

S1 S2

P1 P2

S1 S2

P1 P2

S1 S2

4 3 2 1 6 5



ALAKBLBKCL

I-configuration 3, 3-phase

L2 L3

I-configuration 3, 4-phase

6 5

S1 S2

P1 P2

S1 S2

P1 P2

S1 S2

P1 P2

4 3 2 1 6 5

Only characteristic C2: Socket connector 2

Socket connector 3

I-configuration 1, 4-phase

Only characteristic C2: Socket connector 2

Socket connector 3

Only characteristic C2: Socket connector 2

Socket connector 3

Only characteristic C2: Socket connector 2

Socket connector 3

Only characteristic C2: Socket connector 2

Socket connector 3

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PQI-DA

7.2.1 PQI-DA Current Transformer Connection

PQI-DA Operating Manual

L2 L3

6 5

S1 S2

P1 P2

S1 S2

P1 P2

S1 S2

4 3 2 1 6 5



ALAKBLBKCL

L2 L3

6 5

S1 S2

P1 P2

S1 S2

P1 P2

S1 S2

P1 P2

4 3 2 1 6 5

L2 L3

6 5

S1 S2

P1 P2

S1 S2

P1 P2

S1 S2

4 3 2 1 6 5



ALAKBLBKCL

L2 L3

6 5

S1 S2

P1 P2

S1 S2

P1 P2

S1 S2

P1 P2

4 3 2 1 6 5

Only characteristic C2: Socket connector 2

Socket connector 3

Only characteristic C2: Socket connector 2

Socket connector 3

Only characteristic C2: Socket connector 2

Socket connector 3

Only characteristic C2: Socket connector 2

Socket connector 3

I-configuration 4, 3-phase I-configuration 4, 4-phase

I-configuration 5, 3-phase I-configuration 5, 4-phase

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PQI-DA

7.2.2 PQI-DA Current Transformer Connection

7.3 Voltage Transformer Connections

The PQI-DA offers different conﬁgurations for the voltage measurement.

Which type of connection has to be selected is determined by the structure of the system. Three single-pole as well as two double-pole isolated voltage transformers can be used. Of course, using the PQI-DA also single-phase measurements are possible.

The fourth measurement input is designated for measuring the neutral-to-earth voltage UNE.

Information: The PQI-DA can also calculate the neutral-to-earth voltage out of the three phase-to-neutral voltages; a physical connection of the neutral-to-earth voltage is not mandatory. Thus, the fourth input can be used for another voltage measurement, delivering additional information.

PQI-DA Operating Manual

U1E U2E U3E UNE

Usync

L2 L3

L1 PEL2 L3

Socket connector 1

z8 d10

z12 d14 z16 d18

z20

d22 z4 d6

U-configuration 1, 4-phase

U1E U2E U3E UNE

Usync

L2 L3

L1 E

z8 d10

z12 d14 z16 d18

z20

d22 z4 d6

L2 L3

z8 d10

z12 d14 z16 d18

z20

d22 z4 d6

U1E U2E U3E UNE

Usync

L2 L3

L1 E

Federleiste 1

z8 d10

z12 d14 z16 d18

z20

d22 z4 d6

U1E U2E U3E UNE

Usync

L2 L3

L1 E

z8 d10

z12 d14 z16 d18

z20

d22 z4 d6

U1E U2E U3E UNE

Usync

U1E U2E U3E UNE

Usync

L2 L3

z8 d10

z12 d14 z16 d18

z20

d22 z4 d6

Socket connector 1

U-configuration 1, 3-phase

Socket connector 1 Socket connector 1

U-configuration 2 U-configuration 3

U-configuration 4 U-configuration 5

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7.3.1 PQI-DA Voltage Transformer Connection

Information:

If UNE is not required, both terminals of input UNE must be short-circuited.

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8. Management of Process Data within the Device

When the PQI-DA is operating, it generates a large amount of continuous and event-triggered data, of which only a certain proportion can be measured and saved within a limited time period. The length of the saving process is dependent on the amount to be saved as well as on how often the data is transferred to the PC database.

The selection of the data, as well as the method of displaying it, must be conﬁgurable so that the device memory and transfer capacity resources can be used as ﬂexibly and efﬁciently as possible. Therefore, all the conﬁguration parameters are readable and stored in the device so that the process data are uniquely identiﬁable at all times when accessed using a PC.

8.1 Classiﬁcation of the Data

The transferred data can be assigned to one of the following categories:

Settings (parameters) 10/12* periods (0.2 s) – process data 150/180* periods (3 s) – process data 10-minute process data 2-hour process data Day-long process data Event data Fault records

* 10/12 and 150/180 correspond to 50 Hz and 60 Hz networks and specify the number of measured periods.

Example:

One period in a 50 Hz network lasts 0.02 s. Therefore, an integration over 150 periods produces a total measurement time of 3 s. On the other hand, 180 periods are required in 60 Hz networks to (approximately) achieve a 3-second average value, since each period lasts 16.666 ms.

The measurement times differ from 3 s if the frequencies ﬂuctuate by a large amount.

Example:

If the frequency is 49 Hz, the measurement time is not 3 seconds, but 150 x 1/49Hz =3.06 seconds.

A data class can contain different types of measurement values:

The 10-minute and day-long process data consist of both average values and extreme values, whereas the fault records contain µs sampling values, ½-period values and spectra.

10-minute process data: Average values, extreme values Day-long process data: Average values, extreme values Fault records: Sampling value, ½-period values, spectra

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8.2 Monitoring the Voltage Quality and Managing the Process Data

Sources: EN 50160:2008 IEC 61000-4-30:2008 A. Eberle internal sources

8.2.1 Overview

 Terminology

 Measurement data classes

 Events

 Statistical quantities

 Features of the supply quality

 Parameterising the recording of measurement data

 Parameterising the evaluation and display of events

 Parameterising the fault records

 Signals and their outputs

 Analogue outputs

 New features of Version x.0.10

8.2.2 Terminology

 Supply voltage (EN 50160):

R.m.s. value of the voltage at the transfer point.

 Agreed supply voltage Uc (EN 50160):

Nominal voltage, unless an alternative is agreed upon between the power supply company and the customer.

 Normal operating conditions (EN 50160):

Describes the operating status in a distributed network in which current supply requirements are met, switching operations are carried out and faults are rectiﬁed using automatic protection systems without any unusual circumstances arising due to external inﬂuences or large bottlenecks in the supply.

 Slow voltage change (EN 50160):

Changes in the r.m.s. value of the voltage due to changes in the load.

 Fast voltage change (EN 50160):

An individual fast change to the r.m.s. voltage between two successive voltage levels having a deﬁnite, but non-speciﬁc.

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 Flicker (EN 50160):

 Voltage dip (EN 50160):

 Planned/random voltage interruption (EN 50160):

 Intermittent overvoltage at the network frequency (EN 50160):

 nth order harmonic voltage:

This describes ﬂuctuations in the supply voltage which cause the visual brightness of an attached lamp to change by a certain amount. Short-term ﬂicker magnitude Pst : 10-minute interval value Long-term ﬂicker magnitude Plt : quadratic 2-hour average value of 12 Pst values

Drop in the r.m.s. voltage to 90%..1% of Uc.

R.m.s. value of the voltage < 1% of Uc. Duration >= 3 minutes : Long-term interruption < 3 minutes : Short-term interruption

R.m.s. voltage increases to >170% of Uc.

Spectral components with a frequency n times the basic frequency of a periodic voltage.

 THD (= Total Harmonic Distortion):

R.m.s. value of harmonic voltages n=2..40 based on the r.m.s. value of basic frequency.

 Asymmetrical voltage:

The amount the basic frequency voltage vectors differ from the symmetrical situation is measured using the relationship between the with-system and contra-system components (where symmetrical means two successive phases have the same amplitude and phase difference).

 Voltage dip (IEC 61000-4-30):

Temporary reduction of the voltage at a point in the electrical system below a threshold. An interruption is a special case of a voltage dip. Minimum voltage and the duration are important characteristic values.

 Voltage swell (IEC 61000-4-30):

Temporary increase of the voltage at a point in the electrical system above a threshold. Maximum voltage and the duration are important characteristic values.

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8.2.3 Measurement Data Classes

 Sampling values

97.7-us interval at a network frequency of 50 Hz, 3.54 Gbytes / (day * measurement channel)

 Half-period r.m.s. values

10-ms interval at a network frequency of 50 Hz, 34.6 Mbytes / (day * measurement channel)

 10-period average values

200-ms interval at a network frequency of 50 Hz, 1.73 Mbytes / (day * measurement channel)

 150-period average values

3-second interval at a network frequency of 50 Hz, 115 Kbytes / (day * measurement channel)

 10-second average values

34.6 kByte / (day * measurement channel), frequency only

 10-minute average values

10-minute limit interval e.g. 8:30:00, 8:40:00..., 576 bytes / (day * measurement channel)

 2-hour average values

2-hour limit interval e.g. 8:00:00, 10:00:00..., 48 bytes / (day * measurement channel)

 Daily values

1-day interval, max. 4 bytes / (day * measurement channel)

8.3 Events

 General features

Identiﬁer: indicates type, Time stamp: the time event was triggered, Event value: dependent on type of event (see below).

 Interval events:

Interval events are triggered at the end of a 10-minute / 2-hour interval if an event continuously exceeds the limit value. They are re-triggered each time the interval elapses if the event persists. Event value = measurement value when comparing limit values.

 Start / stop events:

Start and stop events are created at the beginning and end of a limit value violation respectively, and at the end of a measuring period if it lasts <10 minutes. They are not repeated during a continuous limit value violation.

Event value (start event) = measurement value when comparing limit values.

Limit value (stop event) = extreme value since start event, i.e. maximum value for the maximum limit value, minimum value for the minimum limit value.

PQI-DA Operating Manual

Measurement value

Threshold

Events

Start

Stop

Event duration

Minimum

Average value

Threshold

Events

Interval time

18:29:59:999

18:39:59:999

18:49:59:999

18:59:59:999

19:09:59:999

19:29:59:999

19:19:59:999

Measurement value

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8.3.1 Start / Stop Events

8.3.2 Interval Events

PQI-DA Operating Manual

Day

n+1

7 or 365 days

m+1

Start day m

End day m

7 or 365 days

Start day m+1

End day m+1

Event U12

Event U23

Event U31

Network event

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8.3.3 Linking Events

Phase events mode : Recording events U12, U23, U Network events mode : Recording events U12, U

8.4 Relative Frequency

Start / stop events:

Relative frequency = Total event length / total measurement time

Interval events:

Relative frequency = Number of event intervals / number of measurement intervals

8.4.1 Displaying the Week and Year Values

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8.5 Availability

Feature: Interruption to the supply

 Events: Start / stop

 Measurement quantities: Half-period r.m.s. voltage values

 Parameters:

Threshold (EN 50160) = 0.01*UC, Default value = 0.4*UC Maximum length of short interruption to the supply (EN 50160) = 180 s Default value = 180 s

 Statistical quantities: Number and duration

Short interruptions to the supply Number per day, week and year Integration over days, weeks and years Long interruptions to the supply Number per day, week and year Integration over days, weeks and years

 Reference value for number per year according to EN 51060:

Short interruption to supply: “tens to several hundred”, default value = 30

Long interruption to supply: “from fewer than 10 to up to 50”,

default value = 10

8.6 Adherence to the Speciﬁed Supply Voltage Range

Feature: slow voltage change

 Event: 10 -minute interval, range exceeded

 Measurement quantities: 10 min. average values of the r.m.s. voltage

 Parameters:

Thresholds (EN 50160) = (1 ± 0.1)*UC Default value of lower threshold: 0.9*UC Default value of upper threshold: 1.5*UC

 Statistical quantities:

Number per day, week and year

 Max. relative frequency per week

according to EN 50160: 5% Default value: 5%

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Feature: Voltage dip

 Events: Start / stop

 Measurement quantities: Half-period r.m.s. voltage values

 Parameters:

 Statistical quantities: Number and duration

 Reference value for number per year according to EN 51060:

Feature: Fast voltage change

 Note: The deﬁnition of a fast voltage change speciﬁed in EN 50160

Threshold (EN 50160) = 0.04..0.9*UC, Default value = 0.9*UC

Number per day, week and year Integration over days, weeks and years

“tens to 1000” default value = 100

does not serve as the measurement principle for actual implementation. In the PQI-D, EN 50160 is replaced by voltage dip and voltage swell (IEC 61000-4-30) .

 Events: Start / stop

 Measurement quantities: Half-period r.m.s. voltage values

 Parameters:

Thresholds (EN 50160) = ± 0,04..0.06)*UC Default threshold for the voltage dip = 0.94*UC Default threshold for the voltage swell = 1.06*UC

 Statistical quantities: Number and duration

Number per day, week and year Integration over days, weeks and years

 Reference value for number per day according to EN 51060:

“several possible under certain conditions”, default setting = 10 Number per year: Default value = 3650

Feature: Intermittent overvoltage at the network frequency between the outer conductor and earth

 Events: Start / stop

 Measurement quantities: Half-period r.m.s. voltage values

 Parameters: Threshold (EN 50160) = 1.7..0.2*UC, Default value = 1.7*UC

 Statistical quantities: Number and duration

Number per day, week and year Integration over days, weeks and years

 Reference value for number per year according to EN 51060: None

Default value = 10

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8.7 Asymmetry

Feature: Asymmetrical voltage

 Event: 10-minute interval, range exceeded

 Measurement quantities: 10-minute average values of the

asymmetrical r.m.s. voltage

 Parameters:

Threshold (EN 50160) = 2..3% Default value: 2%

 Statistical quantities:

Number per day, week and year

 Max. relative frequency in each week according to EN 50160: 5%

Default value: 5%

8.8 Harmonics

Feature: Harmonic voltages, THD

 Event: 10-minute interval, at least one harmonic voltage

or the THD is exceeded.

 Measurement quantities: 10-minute average values of the harmonic

voltages (r.m.s.), THD

 Parameters:

Thresholds (EN 50160) = Harmonic : see Table 2 in EN 50160 THD: 8% Default value: according to EN 50160

 Statistical quantities:

Number per day, week and year

 Max. relative frequency in each week according to EN 50160: 5%

Default value: 5%

8.9 Flicker

Feature: Flicker

 Event: 2-hour interval, range exceeded

 Measurement quantities: Long-term ﬂicker magnitude Plt (2-hour average

value)

 Parameters:

Thresholds (EN 50160) = 1.0 Default value: 1.0

 Statistical quantities:

Number per day, week and year

 Max. relative frequency per week according to EN 50160: 5%

Default value: 5%

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8.10 Frequency, Narrow Range

Feature: Network frequency

 Events: Start / stop

 Measurement quantities: 10-second average value

 Parameters:

Thresholds (EN 50160, synchronised connection to the integrated network) = 50 Hz ± 0.5 Hz. Default value of lower threshold: = 49.5 Hz Default value of upper threshold: 50.5 Hz

 Statistical quantities: Number and duration

Number per day, week and year Integration over days, weeks and years

 Reference value for relative frequency per year according to

EN 51060: 0.5% Default value: 0.5%

8.11 Frequency, Wide Range

Feature: Network frequency

 Events: Start / stop

 Measurement quantities: 10-second average value

 Parameters:

Thresholds (EN 50160), synchronised connection to the integrated network = 47 Hz, 52 Hz. Default value of lower threshold: = 47.0 Hz Default value of upper threshold: 52.0 Hz

 Statistical quantities: Number and duration

Number per day, week and year Integration over days, weeks and years

 Reference value for relative frequency according to EN 51060: 0%

Default value: 0%

PQI-DA Operating Manual

Input 1

Input 2

Input 16

Parameter index

Recording on/off

Individual release

Measurement data

Recording

Data classes

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8.12 Controls for Recording Measurement Data

8.13 Interval Status Word

Each interval sampling point contains a status word with the maximum interference level for the interval.

Status parameters

Transient interference level U1N, line 1

Transient interference level U2N, line 1

Transient interference level U3N, line 1

Transient interference level U12, line 1

Transient interference level U23, line 1

Transient interference level U31, line 1

Synchronisation status

Status of the measurement range limiting

Transient interference level U1N, line 2

Transient interference level U2N, line 2

Transient interference level U3N, line 2

Transient interference level U12, line 2

Transient interference level U23, line 2

Transient interference level U31, line 2

PQI-DA Operating Manual

Input 1

Input 2

Input 16

Reg-L

Parameter index

Event evaluation on/off

Recording 1

Transformer config. 1

Event 1

Evaluation 1 : on/off Mode 1 : network events/all

Evaluation 1

Filter 1

Transformer config. 2

Event 2

Evaluation 2 : on/off Mode 2 : network events/all

Evaluation 2

Filter 2

Recording 2

Note: Elements for line 2 are only available for a PQI-D with 8 voltage inputs

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8.14 Controls for the Event Evaluation

8.15 Event Filtering

PQI-DA Operating Manual

Recorder 1 trigger

Recorder 2 trigger

Eval. 1 on/off

Eval. 2 on/off

Trigger 1

Trigger 2

Event 1

Event 2

Note: Elements for line 2 and the cross-coupling are only available for a PQI-D with 8 voltage inputs

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8.16 Suppressing Interval Events

The interval events are discarded if the largest transient (of the corresponding measurement quantity) that occurs in an interval is larger than the speciﬁed limit value.

For level 3, the results the interval events are always retained, regardless of transient faults.

All PQI events are discarded if a synchronisation fault occurs or the measurement range is exceeded.

Level Transient fault

0 None 1 Dip, swell 2 Voltage dip, transient overvoltage 3 Voltage interruption

8.17 Triggering of Fault Recorders A and B

 Recorders A and B have several individual trigger thresholds.  Upper and lower trigger limits are related to the agreed voltage.  The individual trigger thresholds are for conductor-earth and conductor

conductor voltages.

 The trigger threshold for the neutral earth voltage is the same for both

recorder A and recorder B.

 The trigger thresholds can be enabled or disabled for each voltage.  Current threshold values and phase jumps can also be used as triggers.

8.18 Triggering of Fault Recorders A, B and C

PQI-DA Operating Manual

Recorder-buffer

Operating mode: linear

(NV-RAM)

Background memory

(RAM)

Data

Fill level

Data

Buffer-Reset

COM

Read procedure

4 MB

48 MB

Before the event

After the event

Recording length

Pre-trigger time

Retrigger window

Threshold

Pre-trigger time

Fault record trigger

Fault record sequence

0 M K N-1 Recording point n



N = number of recording points

Trigger point M = index of the first recording point after the triggering, where 0 < M < N-1

Retrigger point K = index of the first recording point that can trigger a follow-up fault record, where M < K < N-1

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8.19 Parameterising the Fault Record

8.19.1 Fault Record Sequences

 Fault record sequences consist of a trigger fault record and

 one or more follow-up fault records if required.

 The fault records within a sequence are seamless and do not overlap.

 Trigger fault records can be re-triggered within the time period between

the re-trigger point and the pre-trigger time.

 Follow-up fault records can be re-triggered within the time period

between the end of the fault record and the pre-trigger time.

 Trigger fault records contain a trigger time and a trigger event.

8.20 Background Memory Recorders A and B

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8.21 Supply Quality Signals

 Frequency change of narrow tolerance, line 1 (, line 2)

 Frequency change of wide tolerance, line 1 (, line 2)

 Intermittent overvoltage at the network frequency, line 1 (, line 2)

 Fast voltage change, line 1 (, line 2)

 Voltage dip, line 1 (, line 2)

 Short interruption to the voltage, line 1 (, line 2)

 Long interruption to the voltage, line 1 (, line 2)

 Slow voltage deviation (10 minutes), line 1 (, line 2)

 Harmonic distortion exceeded (10 minutes), line 1 (, line 2)

 Voltage symmetry exceeded (10 minutes), line 1 (, line 2)

 PST exceeded (10 minutes), line 1 (, line 2)

 PLT exceeded (2 hours), line 1 (, line 2)

 Narrow tolerance range too frequently exceeded by the frequency

[week], line 1 (, line 2)

 Narrow tolerance range too frequently exceeded by the frequency

[year], line 1 (, line 2)

 Maximum number of intermittent overvoltages at the network frequency

exceeded [year], line 1 (, line 2)

 Maximum number of fast voltage changes exceeded [day], line 1 (, line 2)

 Maximum number of fast voltage changes exceeded [year], line 1 (, line 2)

 Maximum number of voltage dips exceeded [year] , line 1 (, line 2)

 Maximum number of short supply interruptions exceeded

[year], line 1 (, line 2)

 Maximum number of long supply interruptions exceeded

[year], line 1 (, line 2)

 Range exceeded too frequently by slow voltage changes

[week], line 1 (, line 2)

 Range exceeded too frequently by harmonic distortions

[week], line 1 (, line 2)

 Range exceeded too frequently by asymmetrical voltage

[week], line 1 (, line 2)

 Range exceeded too frequently by ﬂicker [week], line 1 (, line 2)

PQI-DA Operating Manual

? 1

Signal 1 Signal 2

Signal 32

Out

Operation mode

Reg-L

Delay time

Output status (1)

Output status (0)

Output status LED, relay

Status of the logic gate

Signal

Satus of the logic gate for operating mode

REG-L

a-eberle

PQI-DA

8.22 Parameterising the Signal Output

8.23 Signal Output Operating Modes

PQI-DA Operating Manual

Energiequelle

Generator, Transformator

R2R

u20u

Energiewandlung

Verbraucherschaltung

u1Eu2Eu

a-eberle

PQI-DA

9. Deﬁnition of the Measurement Quantities

A three-phase current contains several different measurement quantities which in the past were indicated by different designations and/or indices.

This is particularly clear in the designation of the neutral earth voltage which, depending on mood and operating version, was referred to as En voltage, Uo voltage, Uv voltage or even as E or N voltage. Therefore, Figure 17 is shown below at the beginning of the explanation of the measurement quantities to ensure an unambiguous and consistent terminology.

It illustrates the basic quantities for measurements in three-phase current systems. The designations are based upon the terminology speciﬁed in DIN 40110-2 “Quantities used in alternating current theory - Part 2: Multi-line circuits”.

Figure 17:

PQI-DA Operating Manual

msT

200=

20482

= = M

f =

Hzf

10240=

a-eberle

PQI-DA

9.1 Sampling, Synchronisation

The sampling frequency is generated via synchronisation with one of the 3 input voltage frequencies (reference channel). The synchronisation cycle spans 10 periods for 50 Hz networks and 12 periods for 60 Hz networks. Thus the nominal cycle time is:

The synchronisation frequency can ﬂuctuate by up to ± 10% of the nominal value (i.e. 45 Hz ... 55 Hz and 54 Hz ... 66 Hz respectively).

All input signals are sampled simultaneously. The number of samples per input signal (current, voltage) and synchronisation cycle is:

Thus, for a cycle time TS, the sampling frequency is

The nominal sampling frequency for the corresponding frequency of the nominal cycle time is therefore:

Sampling Frequency Synchronisation

Signal processing is always based on a ﬁxed number of sampling values, which in turn depend on the type of measurement quantity to be calculated. The length of the associated measurement interval must correspond to a whole number of periods of the present network frequency in order to prevent beats occurring in the measurement quantities (“leakage effect”). To achieve this, the sampling frequency constantly tracks the network frequency so that they have a ﬁxed relationship. The reference quantity for this is the frequency of the voltage at the reference voltage input. If the reference input voltage is interrupted for < 10 s, the last valid sampling frequency is used. The nominal value is used if the interruption lasts for > 10 s.

The A/D transformer has a 24 bit resolution, including the (plus-minus) signs.

The r.m.s. width of the measurement band is 2.5 kHz.

PQI-DA Operating Manual

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

)(

2312131331

1231323223

312321211 2

nununununununu

NNEE

+ − = − = − =

( )

( ) ( ) ( )

321

nununu

EEE

+ +

( )

)()(2

)()(

)()(2

)()(

)()(2

)()(

122312312331

311 231231223

233123123112

nunununununu

+ ⋅

− =

+ ⋅

−

+ ⋅

− =

+ ⋅

−

+ ⋅

− =

+ ⋅

−

( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

nununu

NENE

+ =

a-eberle

PQI-DA

9.2. Primary Sampling Values

9.2.1 Deduced Sampling Values

9.2.1.1 External conductor voltages

9.2.1.2 Neutral earth voltage

9.2.1.3 Phase voltages towards the virtual phase point

u10(n), u20(n), u30(n) are mapped onto u1E(n), u2E(n), u3E(n) in a three-phase system

9.2.1.4 Outer conductor to earth voltages

PQI-DA Operating Manual

( ) ( ) ( )

nununu

NEEN

− =

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

)(

32/1

nininini

+ − =

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

)(

13/2

nininini

+ − =

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

)(

21/3

nininini

+ − =

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

nininini

N 321/

+ + =

( ) ( )

ninunp

N 111

)( ⋅ =

( ) ( )

ninunp

N 222

)( ⋅ =

( ) ( )

ninunp

N 333

)( ⋅ =

a-eberle

PQI-DA

9.2.1.5 Outer conductor to phase point voltages

9.2.1.6 Linked conductor currents in a three-phase system

9.2.1.7 Sum current, neutral conductor current

The value i iN(n) in a four-phase system and in a three-phase system iΣ(n)

(n) represents

Σ/N

9.2.1.8 Active power of the phase

PQI-DA Operating Manual











max

min

max

min

)2/(

Trms

nuw

)(

)2/(

)2/1(

Trms

rms

∑

a-eberle

PQI-DA

9.2.2 R.M.S. Voltage Values

The sampling values of all the voltages are recorded continuously and without overlapping when calculating the r.m.s. (root mean square) value.

9.2.2.1 Half-period r.m.s. voltage values

The original signal is represented by a step function. The height of the step is the present value of the ADC and the width of the step is the measurement interval.

First, the half-period r.m.s. voltage values are calculated for continuous, half-period-long, time slices. The sampling is not synchronised with the time slices and this results in beats (ﬂicker) occurring. This can be minimised by including the corresponding weighting factors of the combined sampling values of consecutive time slices in the calculation of both r.m.s. values. The resulting r.m.s. value is then used as the input value for the ﬂicker algorithm.

This results in 512 (256) sampling points or 5 (3) r.m.s. values per period for 50 Hz (60 Hz) networks.

The average of two consecutive r.m.s. values that is calculated every half-period is known as the average half-period r.m.s. value.

It is used as a trigger quantity for start / stop events and is also a quantity stored by recorder B.

It is calculated as follows:

For transformer conﬁgurations 3..5, the calculated sampling values are applied to

PQI-DA Operating Manual

the virtual neutral point to calculate the r.m.s. phase voltages.

mab

UU ⋅ =



2048

)(

2048

12/10

∑

−

rms

( )

12/10

180/150

∑

−

rms

a-eberle

PQI-DA

For transformer conﬁgurations 6..11, the unavailable voltages Uab are replaced with the value of the measured voltage Um, after a correction factor α (see Table

5) has been applied to it.

9.2.2.2 10/12-period r.m.s. voltage values

R.m.s. values > 1.5 Un and < 0.5 Un are highlighted.

For transformer conﬁgurations 3..5, the calculated sampling values are applied to the virtual neutral point to calculate the r.m.s. phase voltages.

For transformer conﬁgurations 6..11, the unavailable voltages Uab are replaced with the value of the measured voltage Um, after a correction factor α (see Table 5) has been applied to it.

9.2.2.3 150/180-period r.m.s voltage values

The 150/180-period r.m.s. values are each calculated from 15 consecutive 10/12-period r.m.s. values. Each 10/12-period r.m.s. value is included exactly once in a 150/180-period r.m.s. value calculation.

If more than 7 of the 15 10/12-period r.m.s. values are highlighted or are not available, the corresponding 150/180-period r.m.s. value is also highlighted.

PQI-DA Operating Manual

( )

rms

∑

−

180/150

min10

( )

min10

∑

−

rms

hrms

2048

)(

2048

12/10

∑

−

rms

a-eberle

PQI-DA

9.2.2.4 10-minute r.m.s. voltage values

The 10-minute r.m.s. values are calculated from the N 150/180-period r.m.s. values that occur in every 10-minute interval. The 10-minute limits of the system time are calculated simultaneously, and each 150/180-period r.m.s. value is included exactly once in a 10-minute r.m.s. value.

N can deviate from the nominal value of 200 since the 150/180-period r.m.s values and the 10-minute time period are not synchronised. If more than half the 150/180-period r.m.s. values in a 10-minute time interval are highlighted or not available, the corresponding 10-minute r.m.s value is also highlighted.

9.2.2.5 2-hour r.m.s. voltage values

The 2-hour r.m.s. values are calculated from the twelve 10-minute r.m.s. values that occur in every 2-hour interval. The 2-hour limits of the system time are calculated simultaneously, and each 10-minute r.m.s. value is included exactly once in a 2-hour r.m.s. value.

If more than 5 of the twelve 10-minute r.m.s. values in a 2-hour time interval are highlighted or not available, the corresponding 2-hour r.m.s value is also highlighted.

9.2.3 R.M.S. Current Values

The sampling values of all the currents are recorded continuously and without overlapping when calculating the r.m.s. value.

9.2.3.1 10/12-period r.m.s. current values

PQI-DA Operating Manual

( )

12/10

180/150

∑

−

rms

( )

rms

∑

−

180/150

min10

( )

min10

∑

−

rms

hrms

a-eberle

PQI-DA

For current transformer combinations 8..10, the value of the measured phase is applied in place of the phase currents of the unavailable conductor.

9.2.3.2 150/180-period r.m.s. current values

The 150/180-period r.m.s. values are each calculated from 15 consecutive 10/12period r.m.s. values. The 10/12-period r.m.s. value is given by

9.2.3.3 10-minute r.m.s. current values

N can deviate from the nominal value of 200 since the 150/180-period r.m.s values and the 10-minute time period are not synchronised.

9.2.3.4 2-hour r.m.s. current values

PQI-DA Operating Manual

( )

2048

12/10

∑

= = n

( )

20/10

180/150

∑

= = n

( )

∑

= = 1

180/150

min10

a-eberle

PQI-DA

9.2.4 Linear Average Values

The calculation of the linear average takes place in the same time frame as the quadratic average value (= r.m.s. value) and can be applied to various measurement quantities (see below).

9.2.4.1 10/12-period average values

9.2.4.2 150/180-period average values

The 150/180-period average values are each calculated from 15 consecutive 10/12-period average values, and each 10/12-period average value is included exactly once in a 150/180-period average value.

9.2.4.3 10-minute average values

The 10-minute average values are calculated from the N 150/180-period average values that occur in every 10-minute interval. The 10-minute limits of the system time are calculated simultaneously, and each 150/180-period average value is included exactly once in a 10-minute average value.

N can deviate from the nominal value of 200 since the 150/180-period average values and the 10-minute time period are not synchronised.

PQI-DA Operating Manual

( )

mi n10

∑

= = n

s= 10

a-eberle

PQI-DA

9.2.4.4 2-hour average values

The 2-hour average values are calculated from the twelve 10-minute average values that occur in every 2-hour interval. The 2-hour limits of the system time are calculated simultaneously, and each 10-minute average value is included exactly once in a 2-hour average value.

9.2.5 Network Frequency

The network frequency is calculated from the duration T of a whole number of periods N within a maximum of 10 seconds, using

The 10-minute and 2-hour values of the network frequency are calculated as linear average values.

9.2.6 Spectral Analysis

Please also refer to: EN 61000-4-30:2008

The direct Fourier transform (DFT) spectra of all the phase voltages and input currents are calculated from the 2048 sampling values of each input quantity as 10/12-period values per fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm. The spectra of the linked quantities are calculated from the spectra of the measured quantities.

The spectral r.m.s. values for measurement quantities which have to be deduced (since they are not otherwise available) are treated in the same way as the r.m.s. values calculated directly from the sampling values.

The imaginary components of the discrete spectrum are contained in the frequencies

PQI-DA Operating Manual

f =

Nnk ⋅ =

{ }

( )

 



 



⋅

⋅ ⋅ ⋅ =

∑

1024

sin

1024

2047

mxC

{ }

( )

 



 



⋅

⋅ ⋅ ⋅ =

∑

1024

cos

1024

2047

mxC

{ }

kkn

CCC

12/10

ImRe + =

−

( ) ( )

( )

( ) ( ) ( )

211

kkkk

bbaaA Ω ⋅ + Ω ⋅ ⋅ − + ⋅ Ω ⋅ + = Ω

a-eberle

PQI-DA

where k = 0, 1,....1023

The nth order harmonic represents the spectral component with index

where N = number of sampled periods per synchronisation period (10 or 12).

The spectral values are separated by 5 Hz at the nominal value of the network frequency. The imaginary DFT spectral components Ck are deﬁned by

9.2.6.1 Complex harmonics

Absolute value of the complex harmonics n

with k = n · N

The analogue frequency responses of the measurement channels are compensated using the correction factor tables.

The correction factors are calculated using

and

PQI-DA Operating Manual

= Ω

( )

{ }













−

Carc

arctan

12/10

{ }

0Re >

Cfür

( )

{ } { }













−

Carc

arctan

12/10

{ }

0Re <

Cfür

( ) { }

)Im(

12/10 kn

CSgnCarc ⋅ =

−

{ }

0Re =

Cfür

UCTVSIGC

sig

⋅ =

sigrms

CC ≥

( ) ( )

12/10112/10112/101 − − −

− = CrefarcCarcϕ

sigrms

CC <

12/101= −

a-eberle

PQI-DA

where

fc = limit frequency

a1, a2, b2 = ﬁlter coefﬁcients

Phase of the complex harmonics n (with respect to reference value)

where k = n · N

9.2.6.2 Phase difference between the reference voltge and the measurement voltage (basic frequency)

The phase difference between the measurement voltages and the reference voltage is calculated from the phase angle of the 10/12-period fundamental waves, when the r.m.s. values exceed the corresponding signiﬁcance threshold C

sig

The 150/180-period,10-minute and 2-hour values are calculated as linear average values.

PQI-DA Operating Manual

{ } { } { } { }

)ImImReRe(

nLnLNnLnLNnL

IUIUSgnFD

− − − − −

⋅ + ⋅ =

∑

+ ⋅

− ⋅ =

−

12/10

Nnk

∑

− ⋅ +

+ ⋅ =

− +

1)1(

12/105.0

Nnk

a-eberle

PQI-DA

9.2.6.3 Direction of the power ﬂow of the harmonics

= complex harmonic n of the phase voltage and I

LN-n

of the conductor current (10/12-period values).

9.2.6.4 R.m.s. values of the harmonics

The two immediately neighbouring spectral components are also included in the calculation of the r.m.s. value of a harmonic:

= complex harmonic n

L-n

The harmonics with n=1..50 are calculated.

The 150/180-period, 10-minute and 2-hour values of the harmonics are also deﬁned as r.m.s. values.

9.2.6.5 R.m.s. values of the interharmonics

All the nonharmonic spectral components between order n and n+1 are grouped under interharmonics of order “n+0.5”.

The interharmonics between 0+0.5..49+0.5 are calculated, and the 150/180period, 10-minute and 2-hour values of the harmonics are also deﬁned as r.m.s. values.

9.2.6.6 R.m.s. values of all the harmonics

The harmonic distortion is calculated for the phase voltages, delta voltages and input currents using the 10/12-period values and the corresponding r.m.s. values of the fundamental wave.

PQI-DA Operating Manual

∑

− −

12/1012/10

ndis

min112/101 − −

≥ CC

12/101

12/10

−

THD

dis

min112/101 − −

< CC

12/10

= THD

min12/10 − −

≥

( ) ( )

12/10112/10112/10 − − − − −

− =

LLNL

IarcUarc

min12/10 − −

12/10= − L

a-eberle

PQI-DA

The 150/180-period, 10-minute and 2-hour values are calculated as r.m.s. values.

9.2.6.7 Total Harmonic Distortion THD

The 10/12-period values of the harmonics with n = 2..40, and the corresponding r.m.s. values of the fundamental wave are used to calculate the harmonic distortion for the phase voltages, delta voltages and input currents.

The 150/180-period, 10-minute and 2-hour values are calculated as r.m.s. values.

9.2.6.8 Phase difference between the voltage and the current (basic frequency)

Asymmetrical networks

with

L Index of the conductor U

LN-1-10/12

L-1-10/12

Complex fundamental wave of the phase voltage

Complex fundamental wave of the conductor current

Symmetrical networks with a phase voltage and current of the same conductor:

The value of the measured phase (see above) is also applied to the other two phases.

Symmetrical networks whose voltage and current have different phases:

A correction angle is subtracted from the phase difference that is measured

PQI-DA Operating Manual

min12/10 − −

≥

( ) ( )

ϕϕ

− − =

− − − 12/10112/10112/101

IarcUarc

min12/10 − −

12/101= −

{ } { } { } { } ( )

11131113

ImReReIm

− − − −

⋅ − ⋅ =

NNNN

UUUUSgnrot

a-eberle

PQI-DA

between the voltage and the current (see Table 1).

The value of the measured phase is also assigned to the other two phases (see above).

Table 1 : Correction angle φ

I U

The 150/180-period, 10-minute and 2-hour values are calculated as linear average values.

1-10/12

(0°) 120° -120°

-120° (0°) 120°

120° -120° (0°)

30° 150° -90°

-90° 30° 150°

150° -90° 30°

9.2.6.9 Direction of the rotating ﬁeld

Voltage transformer conﬁgurations 1..4 :

red = +1 : Direction of the rotating ﬁeld = 123 red = -1 : Direction of the rotating ﬁeld = 321

= complex fundamental wave of the phase voltage (10/12-period values)

LN-1

Voltage transformer conﬁgurations 6..11 :

red = 0 : Direction of the rotating ﬁeld cannot be measured

PQI-DA Operating Manual

2048

)(

2048

12/10

∑

−

12/10312/10212/10112/10 − − −

+ + = PPPP

12/1012/10312/10212/101 − − − −

= = =

PPPP

12/10312/10212/10112/10 − − −

+ + = PPPP

)cos(

12/10112/1012/10 −

⋅ =

11.2.9.:

12/10

7.6.2.9.:

12/101s−

a-eberle

PQI-DA

9.2.7 Active Powers

Asymmetrical networks:

The 10/12-period values of the active power of the phase are calculated from the sampling values of a synchronisation cycle using

where L = phase index

The 10/12-period values of the active power of the network are deﬁned using

Symmetrical network with a phase voltage and a phase current of the same conductor Ln:

The measured active power Pn (see above) of phase Ln is also applied to the two unavailable phases.

The active power of the network corresponds to the sum of the active powers of the phases.

Symmetrical networks whose voltage and current have different phases:

The active power of the network is calculated from the apparent network power using

where

1/3 of the active power of the network is assigned to each of the active powers of the phases:

PQI-DA Operating Manual

12/10

12/10312/10212/101

PPP = = =

− − −

∑

⋅ =

SSmL

nTnPttW

)()(),(

),(),(),(),(

0302010 mmmm

ttWttWttWttW + + =

( ) ( )

nPnP

LS 12/10−

( ) ( )

nPnP

LS 12/10−

0)(:

12/10≥ −

nPfür

0)( = nP

0)(:

12/10< −

nPfür

( ) ( )

nPnP

LS 12/10−

− =

0)(:

12/10< −

nPfür

0)( = nP

0)(:

12/10≥ −

nPfür

∑

⋅ =

SSmL

nTnQttWr

)()(),(

a-eberle

PQI-DA

The 150/180-period, 10-minute and 2-hour values are calculated as linear average values.

9.2.8 Active Energies

The sum of the 10/12-period values of the active power multiplied by the corresponding synchronisation cycle time is calculated. This represents the active energies within a time interval deﬁned by t0 (reset time point) and tm (measurement point) and is described using

for the active energies of the phases. For the active energy of the network this is

for the total active energy it is

for the supplied active energies it is

and for the drawn active energies it is

9.2.9 Reactive Energies

The sum of the 10/12-period values of the reactive power multiplied by the corresponding synchronisation cycle time is calculated. This represents the reactive energies within a time interval deﬁned by t0 (reset time point) and tm (measurement point) and is described using

PQI-DA Operating Manual

),(),(),(),(

0302010 mmmm

ttWrttWrttWrttWr + + =

( ) ( )

nQnQ

LS 12/10−

( ) ( )

nQnQ

LS 12/10−

0)(:

12/10≥ −

nPfür

0)( = nQ

0)(:

12/10< −

nPfür

( ) ( )

nQnQ

LS 12/10−

0)(:

12/10< −

nPfür

0)( = nQ

0)(:

12/10≥ −

nPfür

mLnL

ttWttW

−

),(),(

ttWttW

−

),(),(

a-eberle

PQI-DA

for the reactive energies of the phases. For the reactive energy of the network this is

for the total reactive energy it is

for the supplied reactive energies it is

and for the drawn reactive energies it is:

9.2.10 Interval Average Values of the Active Powers

The average values of the active powers are calculated using any externally deﬁned time interval. The interval limits tm and tn can be speciﬁed using an external synchronisation signal using either software or hardware. When the synchronisation signal is detected the average value for the interval that has just ended is calculated.

Active power of the phase:

Active power of the network:

PQI-DA Operating Manual

)(

12/10312/10212/101

12/1012/10

− − −

−

+ +

⋅ =

rmsrmsrms

III

PSgnI

12/1012/1012/10 − − −

⋅ =

LrmsLNrmsL

IUS

∑ ∑

⋅ = IUS

12/10

( )

12/103

12/102

12/101

12/1031

12/1023

12/1012

− − − − − − ∑

+ + + + + ⋅ =

NrmsNrmsNrmsrmsrmsrms

UUUUUUU

12/10

12/103

12/102

12/101 − − − − ∑

+ + + =

Nrmsrmsrmsrms

IIIII

( )

12/1031

12/1023

12/1012

− − − ∑

+ + ⋅ =

rmsrmsrms

UUUU

12/103

12/102

12/101 − − − ∑

+ + =

rmsrm srms

IIII

12/10− ∑

LLrms

12/103− ∑

⋅ =

Lrms

a-eberle

PQI-DA

9.2.11 Average Value of the Conductor Currents with the Sign of the Active Power of the Network

The arithmetic mean is calculated from the 10/12-period r.m.s. values of the conductor currents using

The 150/180-period, 10-minute and 2-hour values are calculated from the corresponding current values.

9.2.12 Apparent Powers

Apparent powers of the phase:

Collective apparent power as speciﬁed in DIN40110 :

Asymmetrical 4-phase networks:

Asymmetrical 3-phase networks:

Symmetrical network:

The 150/180-period, 10-minute and 2-hour values are calculated from the corresponding voltage and current values.

PQI-DA Operating Manual

( )

12/10

12/1012/1012/10 − − − −

− ⋅ =

LLLL

PSSgnQ

( )

12/10

12/1012/10112/10

PSSgnQ − ⋅ =

−

min180/150 − −

≥

180/150

−

min180/150 − −

180/150= − L

min180/150

SS ≥

180/150

PF =

min180/150

SS <

180/150

= PF

min180/150 − −

≥

180/150

−

min180/150 − −

180/150= − L

min180/150

SS ≥

180/150

QF =

min180/150

SS <

180/150

= QF

a-eberle

PQI-DA

9.2.13 Reactive Powers

The 150/180-period, 10-minute and 2-hour values are calculated from the corresponding values of the active powers, apparent powers and the phase angles.

9.2.14 Active Factors

The 10-minute and 2-hour values are calculated from the corresponding values for the active powers and apparent powers.

9.2.15 Reactive Factors

The 10-minute and 2-hour values are calculated from the corresponding values for the reactive powers and apparent powers.

PQI-DA Operating Manual

)1()()(

180/150180/150180/150180/150 − − − −

− ⋅ ⋅ =

LLLL

PFSgnPSgnY

)1()()(

180/150180/1501180/150180/150

PFSgnPSgnY − ⋅ ⋅ =

−

min1

131

123

112 − − − −

≥ + + CUUU

−

131

123

112

131

123

112

)(

− − −

+ +

⋅ − =

UUU

min1

131

123

112 − − − −

< + + CUUU

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PQI-DA

9.2.16 Active Factor Display Function

The active factors between

0 (cap.) ... +1 ... 0 (ind.) and 0 (cap.) ... -1 ... 0 (ind.)

are mapped onto Y = -1 ... 0 ... +1 irrespective of what is drawn / supplied.

The 10-minute and 2-hour values are calculated from the corresponding values of the active powers, active factors and the phase angles.

9.2.17 Flicker Magnitude

The short-term ﬂicker magnitude Pst (10 minutes) and the long-term ﬂicker magnitude Plt (2-hours) are calculated for the phase and delta voltages. Pst and Plt are deﬁned in EN 61000-4-15.

In symmetrical networks, the measured values are applied to the quantities that are not available (see section 7.1.4).

9.2.18 Asymmetrical Voltage

Voltage transformer conﬁgurations 1..5:

10-minute average values can be formed for the fundamental wave r.m.s. values of the delta voltages. These 10-minute average values are used to calculate the voltage symmetry.

where

Voltage transformer conﬁgurations 6..11:

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10. Commissioning

10.1 Safety Information

Before you begin to use the device, you should be aware of some of the dangers that may occur if the device is used improperly.

 The device belongs to safety class I. Please connect the device’s protective

earth conductor to your system’s earthing system before the device is connected to a voltage supply.

 The device may not be used to carry out measurements on circuits that contain

corona discharges.

 The device must be removed from the network immediately if it is determined

that the device can no longer be operated safely due to a mechanical or electrical fault.

 Please note: if the Power Quality Interface & Disturbance Recorder is installed

in a housing, the secondary circuits of the current transformer must be shortcircuited before the terminal connections of the current transformer are removed from the device. Devices in 19” enclosures are protected against short circuits via a device built in to the terminal block. The modules can be plugged in and out at will without having to short circuit the current transformer(s) ﬁrst.

 Please note that there is a danger to life wherever a voltage with an amplitude

> 30 V r.m.s. is present.

10.2 Procedure

Preparation:

Please look at the nameplate and conﬁrm that the supplied device conforms to your requirements.

 Is the voltage supply correct?

Information: Changes to the voltage supply range can only be carried out in

our factory.

 Are the measurement quantities for the input current (1A/5A) of the applica-

tion correct?

 Are the voltage and current connected correctly?

Check the connection using the phase powers. All the powers must have the same sign (plus or minus). It should be a plus “+” if energy is being drawn, and minus “-” if energy is being supplied. If the polarities are not the same, the error is usually due to the current connections being incorrect.

Part of the WinPQ program is speciﬁcally designed for the parameterisation and programming of the analogue outputs, binary inputs and the LEDs.

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PQI-DA

11. Applications

11.1 Application-Speciﬁc Programming

Programs for speciﬁc tasks can either be written yourself using REG-L or can be requested from our headquarters.

An example of an application-speciﬁc program is shown in section 2.3.

12. Updating the Firmware

The PQI-DA must be disconnected from the power supply before updating the ﬁrmware.

The reset button must remain pressed in when the voltage supply is connected.

The status LED changes colour to indicate that the device is in the update mode.

If it is red, it means the device is ready to be updated.

The ﬁrmware update must be carried out directly on the device itself, and requires the following steps:

 Establish a physical connection between the PQI-D and the zero modem

cable.

 The program “COMM.EXE” can be found in the “Firmware” folder, which is

located in the directory containing the WinPQ program. To upload the new ﬁrmware, select a transfer speed of 115 baud and “RTS/CTS” for the hardware protocol.

 Then switch the station into the ﬁrmware upload mode (by pressing the

reset button for at least 5 seconds), and the status LED changes to red.

 Select “Terminal / Send ﬁrmware with reset” in the menu of the COMM.EXE

program.

 The familiar Windows “Open ﬁle” dialogue is displayed. Use this to open the

correct ﬁrmware ﬁle (e.g. PQI-UU.MOT). The data transfer begins immediately and the progress of the upload can be seen in the program’s status bar.

 Verify the version number once the upload is complete (3 to 5 minutes).

When the “VER” command is issued, the system replies (for example): “PQI-DA: Version 2.0.10 from 23.07.04”

 Finally enter “SYSRESET=590” and the station will restart. The status LED

will light up again after approximately 8 seconds.

The stations parameterisation can then also be remotely restored using the “PQPara” section of the program.

PQI-DA Operating Manual

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13. Scope of Delivery

 PQI-D corresponding to the characteristics speciﬁcation

 Operating manual

 Supplement

14. Storage Information

The devices should be stored in clean, dry rooms. The devices and their respective replacement modules can be stored between -25 °C and +65 °C.

The relative humidity must not cause the formation of either condensation or ice.

We recommend that the storage temperature remains between +0 °C to +55 °C to ensure that the built-in electrolytic capacitor does not age prematurely.

We also recommend that the device be connected to an auxiliary voltage every two years to reform the electrolytic capacitors. This procedure should also be carried out before the device is put into operation. Under extreme climatic conditions (tropics), this also simultaneously ensures “pre-heating” and helps to avoid the formation of condensation.

The device should be stored in the service room for at least two hours prior to being connected to the voltage for the ﬁrst time so that it can become accustomed to the ambient temperature there and to avoid the formation of moisture and condensation.

15. Guarantee

The guarantee is valid for three years from the date of delivery.

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16. Ordering Information

When ordering please note:

• Only one code with the same capital letter is possible

• If the capital letter is followed by the number 9, additional details in plain text

are required

• If the capital letter is followed by 0, the code can be omitted.

CHARACTERISTIC CODE

Power Quality Interface

for medium and high voltage systems according to DIN EN-50160 und IEC 61000-4-30 (class A) with 4 binary in- and outputs plus life-contact with two E-LAN interfaces for communication with other REGSys- components like REG-D(A), PAN-D, REG-DP(A) as wall- and/or DIN-rail mounting enclosure (204x142x132) mm

Power Supply:

Input Conﬁguration:

AC 85V..110V..264V oder DC

88V..220V..280V

DC 18V...60V...72V

4 VTs

2 x 4 VTs

4 VTs, 4 CTs In=1 A (Imax < 2x In)

4 VTs, 4 CTs In=1 A (Imax < 20 x In)

4 VTs, 4 CTs In= 5 A (Imax < 2 x In)

4 VTs, 4 CTx In= 5 A (Imax < 20 x In)

PQI-DA

H0 H1

C00 C10 C20 C21 C30 C31

Additional Interface:

as COM-Server (RJ 45)

Rated Input Values:

other rated values (e.g. 4 x 100V and 4 x 400V)

Please note: E9 can only be chosen together with C10!!

Binary Inputs:

4 programmable binary inputs (AC/DC 48…250V)

4 programmable binary inputs (DC 10…48V)

4 programmable binary inputs with other input voltages

Operating Manual:

as RS 232 (COM 2)

100/110V 230/400V

German

English

French

Spanish

Italian

T0 T1

E1 E2 E9

M1 M2 M9

G1 G2 G3 G4 G5

PQI-DA Operating Manual

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PQI-DA

CHARACTERISTIC CODE

Software WinPQ

in order to parameterize, to archive and evaluate PQI-DA measured values, with the following basic functions:

32-bit Windows programming interface

SQL-data base for the recording of the measured values per measuring point

Data access via TCP/IP

All measured values can be visualized both as a function of time and as statistical ﬁgure

One further licence is included in the price

Licences

as licence for more than 10 PQI-D

Language

Additional licence for WinPQ for up to three PCs

Software ParaPQ

in order to parameterize PQI-DA and to read-out PQI-DA measured values

as licence for 2 PQI-D

as licence for 2 to 10 PQI-D

German

English

WinPQ

L0 L1 L2

A1 A2

ParaPQ

as single licence

Additional licence for ParaPQ

ACCESSORIES CODE

TCP/IP Adapter; bit rate 10 Mbit REG-COM

DIN-rail 35 mm with power supply unit AC 230 V A01

TCP/IP Adapter; with extended bit rate 100 Mbit

radio clock DCF 77

USB- Adapter for zero- modem cable

Tele- or Least-Line-Modem, industrial version

power supply AC20..264V/ DC14..280V

IRIG-DCF77 - Converter (10 TE)

AC 85V ... 110V ... 264V / DC 88V ... 220V ... 280V

DC 18V ... 60V ... 72V

A90

111.9024

111.9046

111.9030.17

IRIG-DCF

H1 H2

Instruction manual

PQI-DA Operating Manual

as wall mounting version 20TE B2

German

English

G1 G2

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PQI-DA

A.Eberle GmbH & Co. KG

Aalener Str. 30/32 D-90441 Nürnberg Tel.: +49 (0) 911 / 62 81 08-0 Fax: +49 (0) 911 / 62 81 08 96

http://www.a-eberle.de info@a-eberle.de

PQI-DA Operating Manual

überreicht durch:

B627D201-06.indd

a-eberle PQI-DA User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Information:

1. Technical Concept

1.1 Application

1.2 Features of the Power-Quality-Interface & Disturbance Recorder PQI-DA

1.3 Description

2. Application

2.1 PQI-DA as a Recorder (Fault Recorder)

2.1.1 Recorder A

2.1.2 Recorder B

2.1.3 Recorder C

2.1.4 Events

2.2 PQI-DA as System Component

3. Technical Data

3.1 Standards

3.2 Voltage inputs

3.3 Current inputs

3.4 Binary inputs (BI)

3.5 Binary outputs (BO)

3.6 Limit value monitoring

3.8 Reference conditions

3.9 Measurement data acquisition

3.10 Storage of measured values

3.11 Electromagnetic Compatibility

3.12 Electrical safety

3.13 Operating voltages

3.14 Power supply

3.15 Environmental conditions

3.16 Data storage

4. Mechanical Design

4.1 Housing

4.1.1 PQI-DA 4U / 4I

4.1.2 PQI-DA 8U

4.1.3 PQI-DA 4U/4I und 8U

5. Serial interfaces

5.1 RS232 interfaces

5.2 TCP/IP

5.3 RS485 Interfaces

5.4 E-LAN (Energy - Local Area Network)

5.4.1 Features

5.5 Time Synchronisation and Measurement Trigger

5.5.1 Measurement trigger

5.6 Parameterisation

5.6.1 Parameterising the Device

5.6.1.2 Measurement range

5.6.1.3 Network frequency

5.6.1.4 System time

5.7 Hardware-orientated device versions

5.8 Application Examples (a selection)

5.9 Block diagram PQI-DA 4 U/4 I

5.10 Block diagram PQI-DA 8xU

6. Characteristics of the Voltage Supply

7. Measurement Circuits

7.1 Connection Possibilities

7.2 Current Transformer Connections

7.2.1 PQI-DA Current Transformer Connection

7.2.2 PQI-DA Current Transformer Connection

7.3 Voltage Transformer Connections

7.3.1 PQI-DA Voltage Transformer Connection

8. Management of Process Data within the Device

8.2 Monitoring the Voltage Quality and Managing the Process Data

8.2.1 Overview

8.2.2 Terminology

8.2.3 Measurement Data Classes

8.3 Events

8.3.1 Start / Stop Events

8.3.2 Interval Events

8.3.3 Linking Events

8.4 Relative Frequency

8.4.1 Displaying the Week and Year Values

8.5 Availability

8.7 Asymmetry

8.8 Harmonics

8.9 Flicker

8.10 Frequency, Narrow Range

8.11 Frequency, Wide Range

8.12 Controls for Recording Measurement Data