Adtran TRC4305 User Manual

TRACER 4305

System Manual

12804305L1A TRACER 4305 System (Plan A) 12804305L1B TRACER 4305 System (Plan B)

612804305L1A-1A May 2002

Trademarks

Any brand names and product names included in this manual are trademar ks, registered trademarks, or trade names of their respe ctive holders.

To the Holder of the Manual

The contents of this ma nual are c urrent as of the dat e of publi cation. ADTRAN rese rves the r ight to c hange the contents without prior notice.

In no event will ADTRAN be liable for any special, incidental, or consequential damages or for commercial losses even if ADTRAN has been advised thereof as a result of issue of this publication.

901 Explorer Boulevard

P.O. Box 140000

Huntsville, AL 35814-4000

Phone: (256) 963-8000

Printed in U . S . A .

About this Manual

This manual provides a complete description of the TRACER 4305 system and system software. The purpose of this manual is to provide the technician, system administrator, and manager with general and specific information related to the planning, installation, operation, and maintenance of the TRACER 4305. This manual is arranged so that needed information can be quickly and easily found. The following is an overview of the contents.

Section 1 System Description

Provides managers with an overview of the TRACER 4305 system.

Section 3 Microwave Path Engineering Basics

Explains the basics of analyzing a wireless microwave link, or path. The significant parameters are defi ned, and several recommendations are offered.

Section 3 Engineering Guidelines

Provides informat ion to assist network designers wit h incor porating the TRACER 4305 system into their networks.

Section 4 Network Turnup Procedure

Provides step-by-st ep instru ctions on ho w to instal l the TRACER 4305 uni t, determi ne the parameters for t he syst em, i nst all the network and option modules, and power up the system.

Section 5 User Interface Guide

Explains the terminal interface and provides a description for each of the menus available for the TRACER 4305 system.

Section 6 Troubleshooting Guide

Provides helpful information for troubleshooting common configuration problems for the TRACER 4305 system.

Revision History

This is the 1st issue of this manual.

Notes provide additional useful information.

Cautions signify infor m ation that could prevent service interru ption.

Warnings provide information that could prevent damage to the equipment or endangerment to human life.

Safety Instructions

When using your telephone equipment, please follow these basic safety precautions to reduce the risk of fire, electr ical shock, or personal injury:

1. Do not use this product near water, such as a bathtub, wash bowl, kitchen sink, laundry tub, in a wet basement, or near a swimming pool.

2. Avoid using a telephone (other than a cordless-type) during an electrical storm. There is a remote risk of shock from lightning.

3. Do not use the telephone to report a gas leak in the vicinity of the leak.

4. Use only the power cord, power sup ply, and/or batt eries in dicated in the manual. Do not dispose of batteries in a fire. They may explo de. Ch eck with local codes for speci al disposal instructions.

Save These Important Safety Instructions

Federal Communications Commission Radio Frequency Interference Statement

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manua l, may cause harmful interferen ce to radio frequencies. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is l ikely t o cause har mful inte rference in which case the us er will be required to correc t the interference at his own expense.

Shielded cables must be used with this unit to ensure compliance with Class A FCC limits.

Changes or modifications to this unit not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.

Warranty and Customer Service

ADTRAN will repair and return this pr oduct within fi ve years from t he date of shipment if it does not meet its published specifications or fails while in service. F or detailed warranty, repair, and return information refer to the ADTRAN Equipment Warranty and Repair and Return Policy Procedure.

Return Material Authorization (RMA) is required prior to returning equipment to ADTRAN.

For service, RMA requests, or further information, contact on e of the numbers listed at the end of thi s section.

LIMITED PRODUCT WARRANTY

ADTRAN warrants that for five years from the date of shipment to Customer, all products manufactured by ADTRAN will be free from defects in materials and workmanship. ADTRAN also warrants that products will conform to the applicable specifications and drawings for such products, as contained in the Product Manual or in ADTRAN's int ernal specifications and draw ings for such products (which may or may not be reflected in the Product Ma nual). This warranty only applies if Customer gives ADTRAN written notice of defects duri ng the wa rrant y perio d. Upon such notice, ADTRAN will, at its optio n, either repair or replace the defective item. If ADTRAN is unable, in a reas onable time, to repair or replace any equipment t o a condition as warranted, Customer is e ntitled to a full refund of the purchase price upon return of the equipment to ADTRAN. This warranty applies only to the original purchaser and is not transferable without ADTRAN's express written permission. This warranty becomes null and void if Customer modifies or alt er s t he equipment in any way, other than as spe cifically authorized by ADTRAN.

EXCEPT FOR THE LIMITED WARRANTY DESCRIBED ABOVE, THE FOREGOING CONSTITUTES THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY OF THE CUSTOMER AND THE EXCLUSIVE LIABILITY OF ADTRAN AND IS IN LIEU OF ANY AND ALL OTHER W ARRANTIES (EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED). ADTRAN SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, INCLUDING (WITHOUT LIMITATION), ALL WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES, SO THIS EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY TO CUSTOMER.

In no event will ADTRAN or its suppliers be liable to the Customer for any incidental, special, punitive, exemplary or consequential damages experienced by either the Customer or a th ird party (including, but not limited to, loss of data or information, loss of profits, or loss of use). ADTRAN is not liable for damages for any cause whatsoever (whether based in contract, tort, or otherwise) in excess of the amount paid for the item. Some states do no t allow the lim itation or exclusion of liability for incide ntal or consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to the Customer.

Customer Service, Product Support Information, and Training

ADTRAN will repair and return this product if within five years from the date of shipment the product does not meet its published specification or the product fails while in service.

A return material authorization (RMA) is required prior to returning equipment to ADTRAN. For service, RMA requests, training, or more information, use the contact information given below.

Repair and Return

If you determ in e that a repair is needed, please contact our Customer and Product Service (CA PS) department to have an RMA number issued. CAPS should also be contacted to obtain information regarding equipment currently in house or possible fees associated with repair.

CAPS Department (256) 963-8722

Identify the RMA number clearly on the package (below address), and return to the following address:

ADTRAN Customer and Product Service 901 Explorer Blvd. (East Tower) Huntsville, Alabama 35806

RMA # _____________

Pre-Sales Inquiries and Applications Support

Your reseller should serve as the f irst point of con tact for su pport. If addit ional pre-s ales s upport is ne eded, the ADTRAN Support web site provides a variety of support services such as a searchable knowledge base, latest product documentation, application briefs, case studies, and a link to submit a question to an Applications Engineer. All of this, and more, is available at:

http://support.adtran.com

When needed, further pre-sales assistance is available by calling our Applications Engineering Department.

Applications Engineering (800) 615-1176

Post-Sale Support

Your reseller should serve as the first point of contact for support. If additional support is needed, the ADTRAN Support web site provides a variety of support services such as a searchable knowledge base, updated firmware releases, latest product documentation, service request ticket generation and trouble-shooting tools. All of this, and more, is available at:

http://support.adtran.com

When needed, further post-sales assistance is available by calling our T echnical Support Center. Please have your unit serial number available when you call.

Technical Support (888) 4ADTRAN

Installation and Maintenance Support

The ADTRAN Custom Extended Services (ACES) program offers multiple types and levels of installation and maintenance services which allow you to choose the kind of assistance you need. This support is available at:

http://www.adtran.com/aces

For questi on s, call the ACES H elp Desk.

ACES Help Desk (888) 874-ACES (2237)

Training

The Enterprise Network (EN) Technical Trai ning Department of fers train ing on our most popula r products. These courses include overviews on product features and functions while covering applica tions of ADTRAN's product lines. ADTRAN provides a variety of training options, including customized training and courses taught at our fac iliti es or at your site. Fo r more infor mation ab out trainin g, pleas e conta ct y our Territory Manager or the Enterprise T raining Coordinator.

Training Phone (800) 615-1176, ext. 7500 Training Fax (256) 963-6700 Training Email training@adtran.com

Radio Frequency Interface Statement

This equipment has been tested and foun d to comply with the li mits for an intent io nal radiato r, pursuant to Part 15, Subpart C of the FCC Rules. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy. If not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, it may cause interference to radio communications.

The limits are desig ned to provi de reasona ble protec tion agai nst such int erference i n a residen tial sit uation. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment on and off, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

• Reorient or rel o cate the receiving antenna o f the affected radio or televisio n .

• Increase the separation between the equipment and the affected receiver.

• Connect the equipment and the affected receiver to power outlets on separate circui ts.

• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

Changes or modifications not expressl y approved by ADTRAN coul d void the user’ s authority to operate the equipment.

FCC Output Power Restrictions

The FCC does not require licensing to implement this device. However, the FCC has established restrictions regarding maximum Effective Isotropic Radiating Power (EIRP) and the adjustments required when employing directional gain antennas. (Refer to “Setting the Transmitter Power” in Section 2 of this manual). These restric ti ons are detailed in FCC Part 15. 407( a) (3). It is the responsibi lity of the individuals designing and implement ing the radio sys tem to ass ure compliance wi th these and an y other pert inent FCC Rules and Regulations. This device must be professionally installed.

Exposure to Radio Frequency Fields

The TRACER 4305 is designed to operate at 5.725 to 5.825 GHz with 100 mW maximum transmit power.

This level of RF energy is below the Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) levels specified in FCC OET 65:97-01. The installa tion of high gain antenna equi p ment in the system configuration may create the opportunity for exposure to levels higher than recommended for the general population at a distance less than 15 feet (4.6 meter) from the center of the antenna. The following pr eca utions must be taken duri ng installati on of this equipm en t:

• The installe d antenna must not be loc ated in a manner t hat all ows exposur e of th e gener al popul ation to the direct beam path of the antenna at a distance less than 15 feet (4.6 meters). Installation on towers, masts, or rooftops not accessible to the genera l population is recommended; or

• Mount the antenna in a manner that prevents any personnel from entering the area within 15 feet (4. 6 meter) from the front of the antenna.

• It is recommended that the installer place radio frequency hazard warnings signs on the barrier that prevents access to the antenna.

• Prior to installing the antenna to the TRACER 4305 output, make sure the power is adjusted to the settings specified in sec tion 2 of this manual.

• During antenna installation, be sure that power to the TRACER equipment is turned off in order to prevent any energy presence on the coaxial connector .

• During installation and alignment of the antenna, do not stand in front of the antenna assembly.

• During installation and alignment of the antenna, do not handle or touch the front of the antenna.

These simple precautions must be taken to prevent general population and installation personnel from exposure to RF energy in excess of specified MPE levels.

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

This section of ADTRAN’s TRACER 4305 System manual is designed for use by network engineers, planners, and designers for overview information about the TRACER 4305.

It contains general information and describes physical and operational concepts, network relationships, provisioning, testi ng, alarm stat us, and system monitoring. This se ction shou ld be used in con junction wi th Section 2, Engineering Guideli nes , of the system manual.

CONTENTS

System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Features and Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Configuration and Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Operational . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Section 1, System Descript ion TRACER 4305 System Manual

1. SYSTEM OVERVIEW

The ADTRAN TRACER® 4305 wireless data system provides transparent extension of DS3 circuits over wireless links for up to 10 mi le s (line-of-sight path required). As authorized under Part 15.407 of the FCC Rules, the TRACER 4305 operates license-free in the 5.8 GHz unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) band, requiring no FCC licensing of end users.

For configuration and testing, the TRACER 4305 provides the capability to control the remote TRACER 4305 through a separate maintenance channel. The TRACER 4305 has several built-i n test capabilities including remote loopback. Complete configuration and perfor mance data is available through menus accessed using a standard RS-232 terminal interface.

2. FEATURES AND BENEFITS

The following is a brief list of TRACER 4305 features and benefits:

Configuration and Management

• Easy to use VT100 control port (RS-232 interface) for configuration and monitoring

• Remote configuration

Operational

• Transparent DS3 transmi ssion over digital microwave link

• No license required per FCC Rules Part 15.407

• Frequency: 5.725 to 5.825 GHz

• Point-to-point, up to 15 miles

• 1-U high unit for easy rack-mounting

MICROWAV E PATH ENGINEER IN G BASICS

CONTENTS

Line-of-site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Decibels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Receiver Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Path Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Antenna Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Antenna Beam Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Fresnel Zones, Earth Curvature, & Antenna Heights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Coaxial Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Receiver Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Fade Margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Path Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

ADTRAN Link Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

FIGURES

Figure 1. Example Microwave Path with Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Figure 2. Typical Antenna Beam Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

TABLES

Table 1. Path Loss for Given Path Lengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Table 2. Minimum Antenna Height for Given Path Lengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Table 3. Typical Coaxial Loss for Common Cable Types, per Foot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Section 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics TRACER 4305 System Manual

1. LINE-OF-SITE

The TRACER 4305 system is designed for operation in the 5725 MHz to 5825 MHz unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) frequency band. Radio wave propagation in this band exhibits microwave characteristics, which are ideally suited for point-to-point, line-of-sight communications. Line-of-sight esse ntially requir es that t he transmitt ing ant enna and re ceiving a ntenna are able to “s ee” eac h other, and that the straight-line path between the two antennas is free of any obstructions, such as buildings, trees, mountains, and, in longer paths, even the curva ture of the earth.

Point-to-Point Wireless communication from a single site to another

individual site. Contrast with point-to-multipoint

Line-of-Sight An unobstructed, direct path ex is ts between the

transmitting and the receiving antennas.

2. DECIBELS

The received signal power equation is often expressed in a decibel (dB) format, which turns the power multiplica tion and division operati ons into additi on and subtracti on operations. In general, any quantit y can be expresse d in decibels. If the quantity (x) is a power level, the decibel equivalent is defined as

If the quantit y x is referenced to a mill iwatt (mW), then the decib el-milliwatt (dBm) is used inst ead of a generic decibel.

dBm

10 log10x()⋅=

10 log

⋅=



------------ -



1mW

(dB)

(dBm)

3. RECEIVER POWER

The radio frequency (RF) sig nal power that is availa ble at the in put to the rec eiving TRACER 43 05 system is the next parameter of in terest in analyzing a wireless pa th. Per FCC 15.407 rules, the TRACER 4305 is permitted a maximum output power level of 100 mW, which is equivalent to 20 dBm. This output signal will be attenuated and distorted by various factors, all of which will degrade the original signal and affect the signal strength and quality as sensed by the receiving unit. A simplified power budget analysis is beneficial to perform after verifying a suitable line-of-sight path to determine if the microwave path is suitable, even for ideal, non-distorted signals.

The equation relating received signal power to the other microwave parameters is

---------------------------=

4π()2d2L

PTGTGRλ

(watts, W)

TRACER 4305 System Man ual Section 2, M icr owav e Pat h Engi nee ring Ba si cs

where the variables in the equa tion are defined as

received power (Watts) transmitted power (100 mW (max) for TRAC E R 4305 - adjusta ble) transmit antenna gain receive antenna gain

λ carrier wavelength (c / ƒ) (meters) d path distance (meters) L other losses (RF coaxial cable, etc.)

The transmitted power is limited for the 5.8 GHz U-NII band to a maximum of 30 dBm. The actual transmit and receive anten n a gain values are strictly dependent upon the physical characteristics of the antennas installed for each link. Typical gains are between 20 and 30 dB. For example, a 4 foot diameter, flat panel C-band antenna from a popular antenna manufacturer advertises a gain of 23.5 dB. The carrier wavelength is the physical wavelength of the main RF carri er being used for communication , and is usually approximated at the center frequency of the band, which is 5787.5 MHz. This g ives a wavelength of 5.18 cm.

The path distance is simply the physical dis ta nce between the transmit and receive antennas. For the TRACER 4305 these distances can range up to 15 miles. The final parameter L incorporates all other signal power losses in the m icrowave link, m ost of which are ca used by antenna feed.

4. OUTPUT POWER

Transmit ted power limitati ons for th e 5.8 GHz U-NII band is gove rned by the Eff ective Is otropi c Radiat ed Power (EIRP) of the system. Per FCC 15.407 rules, the TRACER 4305 is permitted a maximum EIRP of 53 dBm. EIRP can be calculated using the following equation

(dB)

where P

EIRP PTGTLF–+=

is the transmitted power (in dBm), GT is the transmit antenna gain (in dB), and LF is the feedline

loss (in dB).

For example, a TRACER 4305 system transmittin g at 20 dBm will r esult in the followin g restrictions on antenna gain:

53dBm 20dBm GTLF–+≤

GTLF–33dBi≤

(dB)

Since antenna gain is directly affected by antenna size, an EIRP restriction of 53 dBm will limit antenna selection. However, per FCC ru les EIRP is calculated for the tot al system (transmitter, feedline, and antenna), an d additiona l antenna gain ma y be used to compensate for feedline loss. In some cases, addin g additional length to your feedline cable will permit you to select a larger antenna. Refer to Table 3 on page 19 for a listing of coaxial loss for common cable types (per foot).

Section 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics TRACER 4305 System Manual

5. PATH LOSS

The expression

4πd



--------- -



4πdf



----------- -



(watts, W)

where

f carrier frequency (Hz)

λ carrier wavelength (c / f) (meters) d path distance (meters) c speed of light, free-space (meters)

is called the path loss, and i ncr eases rapidly as ei ther pat h lengt h incre ase s or carr ier wavel ength decreas es (which happens as the carrier frequency increases). So, longer microwave paths will naturally experience more path loss than shorter paths. Likewise, higher frequency microwave communication will experience more path loss than lower frequency microwave communication.

Table 1 tabulates path loss values f or various path lengths f or t h e TRACE R 4305 system. Values not listed in the table can be interpolated from those listed.

Table 1. Path Loss for Given Path Lengths

Path Length

(miles)

1112 2118 3121 4124

5126 10 132 15 135

Path Loss

(dB)

When using decibel notation, the received power equation becomes

4πdf



PTGTGRL– 20 · log

–++

----------- -



(dB)

PTGTGRL– LP–++=

Where, in the second equation the path loss has been lumped into a single quantity, L

(dB)

, as discussed

previously. W hen using decibel notation, it is necessary that all quantities are individually converted to

TRACER 4305 System Man ual Section 2, M icr owav e Pat h Engi nee ring Ba si cs

decibels prior to pe rforming addition and subtraction.

When d is expressed in miles and f in GHz, the path loss expression in decibels becomes

Figure 1 illu strates a wireless link contai n i n g all of the parameters previou s ly discussed.

96.6 20 log10d() 20·log+

Figure 1. Example Microwave Path with Parameters

f()⋅+=

d, L

(dB)

6. ANTENNA ALIGNMENT

With line-of-sight microwave communications, optimum system performance requires that the transmitting and re ceiving a ntennas are properly aligned. This will ensure maximum r eceived s ignal power at each receiver. Antenna alignment must be achieved in both azimuth (along a horizontal plane) and elevation (alo ng a vert ical plane). A receiv ed signal strength indic at or (RSSI) is used to aid the equipmen t installer in determining when alignment is maximized, by simply ensuring maximum RSSI. The RSSI indicator for the TRACER 4305 system is provided through the VT100 terminal menus accessed through the RS-232 interf ace, and is presented as a series of bars indi cating signal stren gth. More bars means more RSSI, which ensures more received signal strength and better link performance.

If the remote syst em has acquired a useful signal fr om the remote system, then the remote TRACER 4305 RSSI can also be viewed from the local TRACER 4305 VT100 terminal menu interface.

Antenna Beam Patterns

Directly related to the subject of antenna alignment is the topic of antenna beam patterns. Antennas being used with the TRACER 4305 system will have a particular beam shape determined in part by the physical construction and geometry of the antenna. The antenna beam patterns are characterized by a dominant main lobe, which is the preferred lobe to use for point-to-point communications, and several side lobes, as shown in Figure 2 on p age 18 . The a ntenna ali gnment step to se ttin g u p a mi crowave link is in f act s teer ing the main lobes of bot h antennas until the main lobe of one transmitter is centered on the receiving element of the receiving antenna.

+ 39 hidden pages