Adtran TRC4205L1 Revised Manual

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Page 1

TRACER 4205

System Manual

12804205L1A TRACER 4205 System (Plan A) 12804205L1B TRACER 4205 System (Plan B)

612804205L1-1A August 2002

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Trademarks

Any brand names and product names included in this manua l are trademarks, registered trademarks, or trade names of their respective holders.

To the Holder of the Manual

The contents of t his manual are curre nt as of the date of publi catio n. ADTRAN reser ves the right t o change the contents without pri or notice.

In no event will ADTRAN be liable for any special, incidental, or consequential damages or for commercial losses even if ADTRAN has been advised thereof as a result of issue of this publication.

901 Explorer Boulevard

P.O. Box 140000

Huntsville, AL 35814-4000

Phone: (256) 963-8000

Printed in U.S.A.

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About this Manual

This manual provides a complete description of the TRACER 4205 system and system software. The purpose of this manual is to provide the technician, system administrato r, and manager with general and specific inf ormation related to the planning, insta llation, operation, and maintenance of the TRACER 4205. This manual is arranged so that needed information can be quickly and easily found. The following is an overview of the cont ents.

Section 1 4205 System Description

Provides managers with an overview of the TRACER 4205 system.

Section 2 Microwave Path Engineering Basics

Explains the basics of analyz ing a wireless microwave link, or path. The significant parameters are defin ed, and several recommendations are offered.

Section 3 Engineering Guidelines

Provides information to a ssist network designers with incor porating the TRACER 4205 system into their networks.

Section 4 Network Turnup Procedure

Provides step-by- step in struc tions on how to in sta ll the TRACER 4205 unit , dete rmin e the parameters for the syst em, install the network and option modules, and power up the system.

Section 5 User Interface Guide

Explains the termina l interface and provides a description for each of the menus availabl e for the TRACER 4205 system.

Section 6 Troubleshooting Guide

Provides helpful inf ormation for troubleshooting common config uration problems for the TRACER 4205 system.

Revision History

This is the first issue of this manual.

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Notes provide additional useful informat ion.

Cautions signify information that could prevent service interruption.

Warnings provide information that could prevent damage to the equipment or endangerment to human life.

Safety Instructions

When using your telephone equipment , please follow these basic safety precautions to reduce the risk of fire, electrical shock, or personal injury:

1. Do not use this product near water, such as a bathtub, wash bowl, kitchen sink, laundry tub, in a wet basement, or near a swimming pool.

2. Avoid using a telephone (other than a cordless-type) during an electrical storm. There is a remote risk of shock from lightning.

3. Do not use the telephone to report a gas leak in the vicinity of the leak.

4. Use only the power cord , power supply, an d/or ba tteries indicate d in the manua l. Do not disp ose of batteries in a fire. They may explode . Chec k with local codes for special disposal instructions.

Save These Important Safety Instructions

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Federal Communications Commission Radio Frequency Interference Statement

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to pro vide reasonable protection against ha rmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio fre quency energy and, if not install ed and used in accor dance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio freque ncies. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.

Shielded cables must be used with this unit to e nsure compliance with Class A FCC limits.

Changes or modifications to this unit not e xpressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipme nt.

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Warranty and Customer Service

ADTRAN will repair and ret urn this produc t wit hin five year s from the dat e of shipme nt if it does not m eet its published specif ications or fails while in service. For detailed warranty, repair , and return information refer to the ADTRAN Equipment Warranty and Repair and Return Policy Procedure.

Return Material Authoriz ation (RMA) is required prior to returning equipment to ADTRAN.

For service, RMA requests, or further information, contact one of the numbers listed at the end of this section.

LIMITED PRODUCT WARRANTY

ADTRAN warrants that for five years from the dat e of shipment to Customer, all pro ducts manufactured by ADTRAN will be free from defects in materials and workmanship. ADTRAN also warrants that products will conform to the applicable specifications and drawings for such products, as contained in the Product Manual or in ADTRAN's internal specifications and drawings for such products (which may or may not be reflected in the Product Manual ). This warranty only applies if Customer gives ADTRAN written noti ce of defects during the warranty period. Upon such notice, ADTRAN will, at its option, either repair or replace the defe ctive item. If ADTRAN is unable, in a reasonable time, to repair or replace any equipment to a condition as warra nted, Customer is entitled to a full refund of the purchase price upon return of the equipment to ADTRAN. This warranty applies only to the original purchaser and is not transferable without ADTRAN's express written permission. This warranty becomes null and void if Customer modifies or alters the equipment in any way, other than as specif ically authorized by ADTRAN.

EXCEPT FOR THE LIMITED WARRANTY DESCRIBED ABOVE, THE FOREGOING CONSTITUTES THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY OF THE CUSTOMER AND THE EXCLUSIVE LIABILITY OF ADTRAN AND I S I N LIEU OF ANY AND ALL OTHER WARRANTIES (EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED). ADTRAN SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, INCLUDING (WITHOUT LIMITATION), ALL WARRANTIES OF MERCHANT ABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES, SO THIS EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY TO CUSTOMER.

In no event will ADTRAN or its suppliers be liable to the Customer for any incidental, special, punitive , exemplary or consequentia l damages experienced by either the Customer or a third party (including, but not limited to, loss of data or information, loss of profits, or loss of use). ADTRAN is not liable for damages for any cause whatsoever (whether based in contract, tort, or otherwise) in excess of the amount paid for the item. Some states do not allow the limitation or exclusion of liability for incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to the Customer.

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Customer Service, Product Support Information, and Training

ADTRAN will repair and return this product if within five years from the date of shipment the product does not meet its published specif ication or the product fails while in service.

A return material author ization (RMA) is required prior to retu rning equipment to ADTRAN. For service, RMA requests, training, or more information, use the contact information given below .

Repair and Return

If you determine that a repair is neede d, please contact our Customer and Product Servi ce (CAPS) department to have an RMA number issued. CAPS should also be contacted to obtain information regarding equipment curr ently in house or possible fees associated with repair .

CAPS Department (256) 963-8722

Identify the RM A num b er cl early on t he pac k age (b el ow addre s s) , and return to the follow ing ad d ress :

ADTRAN Customer and Product Service 901 Explorer Blvd. (East Tower) Huntsville, Alabama 35806

RMA # _____________

Pre-Sales Inquiries and Applications Support

Your reseller should serve as the first point of cont act for support . If additi onal pre-sa les suppor t is needed, the ADTRAN Support web site provides a variety of support services such as a searchable knowledge base, latest product documentation, application br iefs, case studies, and a link to submit a question to an Applications Engineer. All of this, and more, is available at:

http://support.adtran.com

When needed, further pre-sales a ssistance is available by calling our Applications Engineering Department.

Applications Engineering (800) 615-1176

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Post-Sale Support

Your reseller should serve as the first point of contac t for support. If additional support is needed, the ADTRAN Support web site provides a variety of suppo rt services such as a searchable knowledge base, updated firmware relea ses, latest product documentation, service request ticket genera tion and trouble-shooting tools. All of this, and more, is available at:

http://support.adtran.com

When needed, further post-sales assistance is availabl e by calling our Technical Support Center. Please have your unit serial number available when you call.

Technical Support (888) 4ADTRAN

Installation and Mainte nance Supp ort

The ADTRAN Custom Extended Services (ACES) progra m offers multiple types and levels of ins talla tion and maintenance servic es which allow you to choose the kind of assistance you need. This support is available at:

http://www.adtran.com/aces

For questions, call the ACES Help Desk.

ACES Help Desk (888) 874-ACES (2237)

Training

The Enterprise Ne twork (EN) Technical Tr aining Depa rtment off ers training on our most popular products. These courses include overviews on product features and functions while covering applications of ADTRAN's product lines. ADTRAN provides a variety of training options, including customized training and courses taught at our facilit ies or at your site. For more informati on about training, please cont act your T erritory Manager or the Enterprise Training Coordinator.

Training Phone (800) 615-1176, ext. 7500 Training Fax (256) 963-6700 Training Email training@adtran.com

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Radio Frequency Interface Statement

This equipment ha s been tested and found to comply with the limits for an intentional radiator, pursuant to Part 15, Subpart C of the FCC Rules. This equipment genera tes, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy. If not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, it may cause interferenc e to radi o communications.

The limits are des igned to provid e re asonable prot ecti on again st such int erferenc e in a re sidenti al situatio n. However, ther e is no guarante e tha t interf erence will not occu r in a partic ular install ation. If this equipment does cause interfere nce to radio or tele vision rec eption, which can be determi ned by turning the equipm ent on and off, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna of the affected radio or television.

• Increase the separation betw een the equip me n t and the aff ected rece iver.

• Connect the equipment and the affected receiver to power outlets on separate circuits.

• Consult the dealer or an experie nced r adio/TV technician for help.

Changes or modificati ons not expre ssly approved by ADTRAN coul d void th e user’s authority to operate the equi pment.

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FCC Output Power Restrictions

The FCC does not require licensing to implement this device. It is the responsibility of the individuals designing and imple menting the ra dio sys tem to assure complianc e with these and any other pe rtine nt FCC Rules and Regulations. This device must be professionally installed.

Exposure to Radio Fre quency Fields

The TRACER 4205 is designed to operate at 5.725 to 5.850 GHz with 100 mW maximum transmit power.

This level of RF energy is below the Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) leve ls specified in FCC OET 65:97-01. The installation of high gain antenna equipment in the system configuration may c reate the opportunity for expos ure to levels higher than recommended for the general popula tion at a distance less than 15 feet ( 4.6 meter) from the ce nter o f the antenna. The following precautions must be taken during installation of this equ ipment:

• The installed a ntenna m ust no t be loca ted in a manner t hat a llows expo sure o f the general pop ulation to the direct beam path of the antenna at a dista nce less than 15 feet (4.6 meters). Install ation on towers, masts, or rooftops not accessible to the general population is recommended; or

• Mount the antenna in a manner that prevent s any personnel from entering the area within 15 feet (4.6 meter) from the fron t of the anten n a.

• It is recommended that the installer place radio frequency hazard warnings signs on the barrier that prevents acce ss to the anten n a.

• Prior to installing the antenna to the TRACER 4205 output, make sure the power is adjusted to the settings specified in section 2 of this manual.

• During antenna installation, be sure that power to the TRACER equipment is turned off in order to prevent any energy presence on the coaxi al connector.

• During installation and alignment of the antenna, do not stand in front of the antenna assembly.

• During installation and alignment of the antenna, do not handle or touch the front of the antenna.

These simple precautio ns must be taken to prevent general population and instal lation personnel from exposure to RF energy in excess of specified MPE levels.

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4205 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

This section of ADTRAN’s TRACER 4205 System manual is designed for use by network engineer s, planners, and designers for overview information about the TRACER 4205.

It contains general inf ormation and describes physical and operational concepts, network relationships, provisioning, test ing, alarm st atus, and sys tem monitor ing. This se ction s hould be use d in conjuncti on with Section 2, Engineering Guidelines, of the system manual.

CONTENTS

System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Features and Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

Configuration and Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Operational . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

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Section 1, System Description TRACER 4205 System Manua l

1. SYSTEM OVERVIEW

The ADTRAN TRACER® 4205 wireless data system provides tr ansparent extension of DS3 circuits over wireless links for up to 25 mi les (line-of-sight path required). As authorized under Par t 15.247 of the FCC Rules, the TRACER 4205 operates license-free in the 5.8 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band requiring no FCC licensing of end users.

For configuration and testing, the TRACER 4205 provides the capability to control the remote TRACER 4205 through a separate maintenance channel. The TRACER 4205 has several built-in test capabilities including remote loopba ck. Complete configuration and performance dat a is available through menus accessed using a standard RS-232 terminal interface.

2. FEATURES AND BENEFITS

The following is a brief list of TRACER 4205 features and be nefits:

Configuration and Management

• Easy to use VT100 control port (RS-232 inte rface) for configuration and monitoring

• Remote configuration

Operational

• Transparent DS3 transmission over digital microwave link

• No license required per FCC Rules Part 15.247

• Frequency: 5.725 to 5.850 GHz

• Point-to-point, up to 25 miles

• 1-U high unit for easy rack-mounting

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MICROWAVE PATH ENGINEERING BASICS

CONTENTS

Line-of-site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Decibels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Receiver Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Antenna Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Path Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Antenna Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Antenna Beam Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Fresnel Zones, Earth Curvature, & Antenna Heights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Coaxial Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Receiver Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Fade Margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Path Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

FIGURES

Figu r e 1 . Exam p le Microwave Pa th with Para meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Figure 2. Typical Antenna B eam Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

TABLES

Table 1. Antenna Gain for Given Dish Di ameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Table 2. Path Loss for Given Path Lengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Table 3. Minimum Antenna Height for Given Path Lengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Table 4. Typical Coaxial Loss for Common Cable Types, per 100ft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

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Section 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics TRACER 4205 System Manual

1. LINE-OF-SITE

The TRACER 4205 system is designed for operation in the 5725 MHz to 5850 MHz license-free industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band. Radio wave propaga tion in this band exhibits microwave characteristics, which are ideally suited for point-to-point, line-of- sight communications. Line-of-sight essentially requires that the transmitting antenna and receiving antenna are able to “see” each other, and that the straight-line path between the two antennas is free of any obstructions, such as buildings, trees, mountains, and, in longer paths, even the curvature of the earth.

Point-to-Point Wireless communication from a single site to another

individual site. Contrast with point-to-multipoint

Line-of-Sight An unobstructed, direct path exists between the

transmitting and the receiving antennas.

2. DECIBELS

The received signal power equation is often expressed in a decibel (dB) format, which turns the power multiplication a nd division operations into addition and subtraction operations. In gener al , an y quantity can be expressed in decibels . If the quant ity (x) is a power level, the decibel equivalent is defi ned as

If the quantity x is referenced to a milliwatt (mW), then the decibel-milliwatt (dBm) is used instead of a generic decibel.

dBm

10 log10x()⋅=

10 log

⋅=



------------ -



1mW

(dB)

(dBm)

3. RECEIVER POWER

The radio frequenc y (RF) signal power that is a vailable at the input to the receiving TRACER 420 5 system is the next parameter of inter est in analyzing a wireless path. The TRACER 4205 has a maximum output power level of 100 mW, which is equivalent to 20 dBm. This output signal will be attenuated and distorted by various factors, all of which will degrade the original signal and affect the signal strength and quality as sensed by the receiving unit. A simplified power budget analysis is beneficial to perform after verifying a suitable line-o f-sight path to determine if the microwave path is suit able, even for ideal, non-distorted signals.

The equation relatin g received signal power to the other microwave parameters is

PTGTG

---------------------------

4π()2d2L

(watts, W)

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TRACER 4205 System Manual Section 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics

where the variables in the equation are defined as

received p ow er (Watts) transmitted power (100 mW (max) for TRACER 4205 - adjustable) transmit antenna gain receive ant enn a g ain

λ carrier wavelength (c / ƒ) (meters) d pat h dist ance (meters) L other losses (RF coaxial cable, etc.)

The actual tran smit and rec eive antenna gain va lues ar e str ictly depe ndent upon the physic al chara cte ristics of the antennas install ed for each link. T ypical gains are between 20 and 40 dB. For example, a 4 foot diameter Parabolic dish has 34.2 dB of gain at 5.8 GHz. The carrier wavelength is the physi cal wavelengt h of the main RF carrier being used for communication, and is usually approximated at the center frequency of the band, which is 5787.5 MHz. This gives a wavelength of 5. 18 cm.

The path distance is simply the physical distance between the transmit and receive antennas. For the TRACER 4205 these distances can range up to 25 miles. The final parameter L incorporates all other signal power losses in the microwave link, most of which are caused by antenna feed.

4. ANTENNA GAIN

Best performance will res ult from the use of a parabolic dish antenna. Antenna gain is determi ned by the size of the dish, with typical features detailed below. Dish manufatureres will be able to supply gains for other types of antennas.

Table 1. Antenna Gain for Given Dish Diameters

Dish Diameter

(in feet)

2 28.5 4 34.2 6 37.5

8 40.7 10 42.5 12 44.2

Gain

(in dBi)

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Section 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics TRACER 4205 System Manual

5. PATH LOSS

The expression



--------- -



4πd

4πdf



----------- -



(dB)

where

f carrier frequency (Hz)

λ carrier wavelength (c / f) (meters) d pat h dist ance (meters) c speed of light, free-space (meters)

is called the path loss, and increases rapidly as either path length increases or carrier wavelength decreases (which happens as the carrier frequency increases). So, longer microwave paths will naturally experienc e more path loss than shorter paths. Likewise, higher frequency microwa ve communication will experience more path loss than lower frequenc y microwave communication.

T able 1 tabulates path loss values for various path lengths for the TRACER 4205 system. Values not listed in the table can be interp o lat ed from t hose l isted .

Table 2. Path Loss for Given Path Lengths

Path Length

(miles)

1112

2118

3 121

4 124

5 126

6 127

7 129

8 130

9 131 10 132 11 133 12 133 13 134 14 135 15 135 16 136 17 136 18 137 19 137

Path Loss

(dB)

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TRACER 4205 System Manual Section 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics

Table 2. Path Loss for Given Path Lengths

Path Length

(miles)

20 138 21 138 22 139 23 139 24 139 25 140

Path Loss

(dB)

When using decibel notation, the received power equation becomes

4πdf

PTGTGRL– 20 · log

–++



----------- -



(dBm)

PTGTGRL– LP–++=

Where, in the second equation the path loss has been lumped into a single quantity, L

(dBm)

, as discussed

previously. When using decibel notation, it is necessary that al l quantities are individually converted to decibels prior to performing addition and subtraction.

When d is expressed in miles and f in GHz, the path loss expression in deci bels becomes

96.6 20 log10d() 20·log+

f()⋅+=

(dB)

Figure 1 illustrate s a wireless link containing all of the parameter s previously discussed.

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Section 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics TRACER 4205 System Manual

d, L

Figure 1. Example Microwave Path with Parameters

6. ANTENNA ALIGNMENT

With line-of-sight microwave communications, optimum system performance requires that the transmitting a nd receivi ng a ntennas are proper ly aligne d. This will ensure m aximum recei ved signal p ower at each receiver. Antenna alignment must be achieved in both azimuth (along a horizontal plane) and elevation (along a vertical plane). A received sig nal strength indicator (RSSI) is used to aid the equipment installer in deter mining when alignment is maximized, by simply ensuring maximu m RSSI. The RSSI indicator for the TRACER 4205 system is provi ded through the VT100 terminal menus accessed through the RS-232 inter face, and is present ed as a series of bars indicating signal strength. More bars means mo re RSSI, which ensures more received signal strength and better link performance.

If the remote system has acqui red a useful signal from the remote system, then the remote TRACER 4205 RSSI can also be viewed from the local TRACER 4205 VT100 terminal menu interface.

An RSSI T est point is also provided on the front panel. The vol tage (relative to the gnd test point) present on this test point represe nts a relative signal level of receive stre ngth from the far end. The voltage at this test point can vary from approxi matly 0 to greater than 4 Volts DC, with 0 Volts correspondin g to no signal and 4 Volts or better to full signal strength.

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TRACER 4205 System Manual Section 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics

Antenna Beam Patterns

Directly related to the subject of antenna alignment is the topic of antenna beam patte rns. Antennas being used with the TRACER 4205 system will have a particula r beam shap e determined in part by the physical construction and geometr y of the antenna. The antenna beam patterns are character ized by a dominant main lobe, which is the preferred lobe to use for point-to-point communicati ons, and several side lobes, as shown in Figure 2 on page 19. The antenna alignm ent step to set ting up a microwa ve link is in f act steer ing the main lobes of both a ntennas until the main lobe of one transmitter is centered on the receiving element of the receiving antenna.

main lobe

side lobes

Figure 2. Typical Antenna Beam Pattern

Antennas are also designed to radiate RF energy efficiently for a specific range of frequencies. Please consult the data shee t for your parti cular ante nna make and model to e nsure that it is specified to ope rat e in the 5725 MHz to 5850 MHz frequency band.

Fresnel Zones, Earth Curvature, & Antenna Heights

The Fresnel zones correspond to r egions in the microwave path where reflections of the intended signal occur and combine in both constructive and destructive manners with the main signal, thereby either enhancing or reducing the net power at the receiver.

In general, the odd numbered Fresnel zo nes (1, 3, 5, ...) add constructively at the receiver, while the even numbered Fresnel zones (2, 4, 6, ... ) add destructively at the receiver.

The first Fres nel z one corresp onds to the main lobe, and must b e at least 6 0% fr ee of ph ysical obstructi ons fo r the path calculations to be valid . Since the main lobe contains the vast majorit y of the microwave ener g y, this zone is typically used to determine proper antenna heights when placing antennas on towers or buildings.

The curvature of t he Earth be comes a legit imate obst ructi on for pa th length s of 7 mi les or greater, and must also be accounted for when determining minimum antenna heights.

The aggregate expression f or minimum antenna height that incorporates both the 60% first Fresnel zone and the Earth curvature is given by

h 72.1

---- - 0.125d

+= (feet)

where f is in GHz and d is in miles.

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Section 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics TRACER 4205 System Manual

Table 3 tabulates minimum antenna heights for given path lengths.

Table 3. Minimu m An t enn a H eig ht f or Gi ve n P at h Len gt hs

Path Length

(miles)

222 432 641

850 10 60 15 86 20 117 25 153

Min. Antenna Height

(ft)

7. COAXIAL CABLE

Coaxial cable will be re quired to at tach the TRACER 4205 to t he ant enna. The length of the cable wi ll vary from a few feet to several feet, depending upon your application and the proximity of the TRACER 4205 to the antenna.

Various grades of coaxial cable will work suff iciently well for connecting the TRACER 4205 unit to the antenna. A low-loss coaxial cable is suggested to minimize cable losses. One end of the cable will require an N-type male connector (plug) to mate with the TRACER 4205 unit. The other end of the coax will require a con nector com patible wit h the antenna chose n for the i nstallati on, which is usually al so an N-type male connector (plug). Additionally, it is recommended that both connector s on the coaxial cable be weatherproofed from the elemen ts to prevent corrosion and electrical shorting.

T able 3 gives typical loss figures for some of the more common coaxial cable types, per 100 feet

Table 4. Typical Coaxial Loss for Common Cable Types, per 100ft

Cable Type Cable Loss (dB/ft)

RG-213, RG-214, RG-293 20

1/4” Coax 1 1.36 3/8” Coax 9.65 1/2” Coax 6.49 5/8” Coax 4.90

RG-58, RG-8 (air, foam) Not Recommended

7/8”, 1 1/4”, 1 5/8” Coax Not Recommended

5.8 GHz Elliptical Waveguide 1.23

In certain areas whe re lightning strikes are frequent, a lightning a rrestor should be installed directly on the antenna coax. This will help protect the RF electronics in the downstream path from damaging voltages and currents, including the TRACER 4205 unit.

Page 21

TRACER 4205 System Manual Section 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics

8. RECEIVER SENSITIVITY

Receiver sensitivity is a value expressed in decibels referenced to one milliwatt (dBm) that corresponds to the minimum amount of signal power needed at the receiver to achieve a given bit error rate (BER). Receiver sensitivity is usually a negative number of decibels, and as such smaller receiver sensitivity is better for a given BER. Several fact ors affect receiver sensitivity, including the data bandwidth of the wireless link, and the amount of additional signal degradation introduced in the receiver electroni cs. The

receiver sensitivity of the TRACER 4205 is -78 dBm at 10

-6

BER.

9. FADE MARGIN

Fade margin is a val ue indicating the amount of extra si gnal power available to the receiver to operate at a maximum bit error rat e (BER). Higher levels of fade margin are better, and will prot ect the viability of the microwave link against signa l fading. For most applications, 20 to 30 dB of fade margin should ensure a reliable link. Fade margin is simply the difference between the available signal power at the receiver and the receiver sensit ivity, discussed previousl y:

FPRP

– PRGTGRL– LP– P

sens

–++==

sens

(dB)

10. PATH AVAILABILITY

The path availability of a wireless link is a metric that expresses the fractional amount of time a link is available over some fixe d amount of time, and depends on several fa cto rs. Path availability is expr essed as

A 12.510

6–

×()abfd310

where the parameters are

a terrain factor b climate factor f carrier frequency (GHz) d path length (miles) F fade margin (dB)

The terrain factor is a quantity that compensates the link availability for different types of terrain. Generally speaking, the more smooth an area's terrain is, the less availability a wireless link running over that terrain will have, primar ily due to multipath r eflections . In contras t, secondary microwa ve signals will be randomly dispers ed over rough te rrain , and will not int erfere with t he main signa l lob e as badly as in th e smooth terrain case. The terrain factor values normally used are lis ted below:

F 10⁄–

()–[]100%×=

(dB)

Terrain Terrain Factor Description

Smooth 4 water, flat desert

Average 1 moderate roughness

Mountainous 1/4 very rough, mountainous

Page 22

Section 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics TRACER 4205 System Manual

The climate factor is a quantity that compensates the link availability for different types of climates (weather). In general , micr owave links operating in areas with high humidity will have less availability than those in arid are as , pri ma rily becau s e wat er is a dispersive mechan i sm t o mic ro w ave en erg y, and causes the main signal lobe to refract and disperse away from the receiver location. The climate factor values normally used are liste d below.

Climate Climate F a ctor Descrip t ion

Very Dry 1/8 desert regions

Temperate 1/4 mainland, interior region

Humid 1/2 humid and coastal regions

Page 23

ENGINEERING GUIDELINES

CONTENTS

Equipment Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4

Power Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Reviewing the Front Panel Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

RSSI Monitoring Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

TX PWR Monitoring Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Front Panel LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Reviewing the TRACER 4205 Rear Panel Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Antenna Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Fuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

DC Power Connection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Alarm Contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

DS3 (In and Out) Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

RS-232 Connection (Terminal Use) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

RS-232 Connection (Modem Use) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

At-A-Glance Specificatio ns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

FIGURES

Figure 1. TRACE R 4205 Front Panel Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Figure 2. TRACE R 4205 Rear Pa nel Layout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

TABLES

Table 1. TRACER 4205 Front Panel Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Table 2. TRACER 4205 LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

Table 3. DC Power Connector Pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

Table 4. Alarm Contact Connector Pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

Table 5. RS-232 Connection Pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Table 6. TRACER 4205 (DCE) to Terminal (DTE) Diagram (DB-25) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

Table 7. TRACER 4205 (DCE) to Personal Computer (DB-9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Table 8. TRACER 4205 (DCE) to Modem (DCE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Page 24

Section 3, Engineering Guidelines TRACER 4205 System Manua l

1. EQUIPMENT DIMENSIONS

The TRACER 4205 unit is 19” W, 10.5” D, and 1.75” H, weighs 7 lbs, and can be used in rack-mount configurations.

2. POWER REQUIREMENTS

The TRACER 4205 system has a maximum power consumption of 25W and a maximum current draw of

1.2A (at 21 VDC).

3. REVIEWING THE FRONT PANEL DESIGN

The front panel contains a singl e control switch for activating a DS3 line loopback , RSSI and TX PWR monitoring interfa ces, a GND interface for reference with the monitor ing interfaces, and status LEDs to provide visual inf ormation about the TRACER 4205 system. Figur e 1 identifies the DS3 loopback switch, the various bantam inter faces, and the LEDs.

DS3 Loopback

Status LEDs

Switch

RSSI

Figure 1. TRACER 4205 Front Panel Layout

TX PWR

GND

RSSI Monitoring Interface

The RSSI voltage is a function of the signal strength at the receiver and is used to measure the received signal strength. RSSI varies approximately from 0 to greater than 4 Volts (V), with 0V corresponding to a weaker received signal and 4V or better corresponding to a stronger received sig nal.

The voltage level present at the RSSI test point represents only a relative signal level of receiv e strength from the far end. No direct correlation can be made between RSSI voltage levels and actual receive levels in dBm. This test point is provided to assess relative signal level for alignment of antennas.

Page 25

TRACER 4205 System Manual Section 3, Engineering Guidelines

TX PWR Monitoring Interface

The TX PWR voltage is a function of the selected tr ansmit power le vel. Thi s voltage ranges appr oximately from 0 to 5V, with 0V corresponding to +5 dBm (3 milliwatts) and 5V corresponding to +20 dBm (100 milliwatts).

Front Panel LEDs

With the TRACER 4205 powered-on, the front panel LEDs provide visual information about the status of the TRACER 4205 system. Table 1 provides a brief description of the front panel features, and Table 2 (continued on page 27) provide s detailed information about the LEDs.

Table 1. TRACER 4205 Front Panel Description

Feature Description

DS3 Loopback Switch Allows quick activation/deactivation of DS3 line loopbacks RSSI Interface DC voltage indicating strength of the received signal at the antenna TX PWR Interface DC voltage indicating strength of transmitted signal GND Interface Ground reference for RSSI and TX PWR Interfaces Status LEDs Provides status information about the system

Table 2. TRACER 4205 LEDs

For these LEDs... This color light... Ind icates that...

PWR Green (solid) the TRACER 4205 is connected to a power source.

Off the TRACER 4205 is not currently powered up.

PLAN A Green (solid) the TRACER 4205 is transmitting on Frequency Plan A.

Off the TRACER 4205 is not transmitting on Frequency

Plan A.

PLAN B Green (solid) the TRACER 4205 is transmitting on Frequency Plan B.

Off the TRACER 4205 is not transmitting on Frequency

Plan B.

RF DOWN R ed (solid) there is a commun ication problem betwe en the local and

remote TRACER 4205 systems.

RF LOW Red (solid) the RSSI level is below suggested minimum threshold. TST Amber (solid) unit is performing power-on self-test. RAI Red (solid) the TRACER 4205 received a remote alarm in the DS3 EOC

channel (bits X1 and X2 are both set to zero).

Page 26

Section 3, Engineering Guidelines TRACER 4205 System Manua l

Table 2. TRACER 4205 LEDs (Continued)

For these LEDs... This color light... Ind icates that...

AIS Red (solid) the TRACER 4205 received a remote alarm from a connected

DS3 device (properly aligned and framed alternating one-zero pattern).

LOF Red (solid) the TRAC ER 4205 DS3 framer has lost alignment (due to

receiving too many F or M bits in error).

LOS Red (solid) the TRACER 4205 does not detect a DS3 from the connected

DS3 device signal (indicated by receiving 192 consecutive zeros).

BPV Red (solid) the TRACER 4205 detects Bipolar Violations on the received

signal from the connected DS3 device (receiving two consecutive “one” bits with the same polarity).

LBK Amber (solid) the TRACER 4205 is currently in DS3 line loopback.

Amber (flashing) the TRACER 4205 is currently in DS3 link loopback.

4. REVIEWING THE TRACER 4205 REAR PANEL DESIGN

The TRACER 4205 rear panel contains the followi ng interfaces:

ALARM interface (terminal block) for connecting to an external alarm monitoring system

•

DC POWER (terminal block) for connecting to a proper 21-63 VDC power source

•

DS3 IN and OUT (BNC interfaces) fo r co nne ct ing t o a DS3 dev ice

•

• Antenna (N-Type connector) for the antenna feedline cable

• Ground lug for connecting to earth gr ound

RS-232 (DB-25 female) for connecting to a VT100 terminal or PC with terminal emulation

• software

Figure 2 on page 27 identifies the various features of the TRACER 4205 rear panel. A detailed discussion of all interfaces (inc luding pinouts, where applicable) follows the figure.

Page 27

TRACER 4205 System Manual Section 3, Engineering Guidelines

RS232 Interface (VT100 Terminal)

DS3 In (Receive)

DS3 Out (Transmit)

Alarm

DC Power Connection

Fuse

Contacts

Figure 2. TRACER 4205 Rear Panel Layout

Antenna Connector

Ground

Lug

Antenna Interface

The ANTENNA interface (N-Type connector) connects to the antenna (customer supplied) using standard antenna feedline cable . When determining the cable specifica tions for your application, refer to Sec tion 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics (Coaxial Cable on page 20) for a discussion on cable length and loss factors.

Fuse

The fuse holder, accessible from the rear panel of the TRACER 4205, accepts a generic 1 Amp, 2-inch slow-blo fuse.

DC Power Connection

The TRACER 4205 can operate from a suppl y between 21 and 63 VDC, with either polarity referenced to ground, and consumes less than 25 Watts (W). Power supplies should be able to provide up to 30 W at the selected voltag e. Current required (in amps) is determined by dividing the power consumed (in watts) by the applied voltage (in volt s). For example, at 48 V, TRACER 4205 would draw approximately 0.52 A (25 W/48 V).

Connec tor t ype Terminal Block

Table 3. DC Power Connector Pinout

PIN NAME DESCRIPTION

1 + POSITIVE LEAD (referenced to ground) 2 - NEGATIVE LEAD (referenced to ground)

Page 28

Section 3, Engineering Guidelines TRACER 4205 System Manua l

Alarm Contacts

Normally open (NO) and normally closed (NC) alarm conta cts are provided on the rear panel of the TRACER 4205 system. In normal operation, the NC contact is electrically connected to the common contact (COM) and the NO contact is isolated. During an alarm condition, the NC contact becomes isolated and the NO is electri cally connected to COM. This allows alarm conditions to be reported to external alarm monitoring systems.

Connec tor t ype Terminal Block

Table 4. Alarm Contact Connector Pinout

PIN NAME DESCRIPTION

1 COM COMMON CONTACT 2 NO NORMALLY-OPEN CONTACT 3 NC NO RMALLY-CLOSED CONTACT

DS3 (In and Out) Connection

The physical DS3 interface is provided by a pair of 75 Ω BNC connectors for transmit and receive.

The shielding on both BNC connectors are grounded pe r ANSI T1.4 04.

RS-232 Connection (Terminal Use)

The RS-232 connector provides a female DB-25 terminal connec tion (wired as a DCE interface), whic h is used for terminal access to the TRACER 4205 system. The RS-232 port provides the following functions:

• Accepts EIA-232 input from a PC or terminal for controlling the TRACER 4205 system

• Operates at 9600 bps T abl e 5 on page 29 shows the pinout. W i ring dia grams for conne cting to the RS -232 connector (for var ious

applications) are provided following the pinout.

Page 29

TRACER 4205 System Manual Section 3, Engineering Guidelines

Connec tor t ype (USOC) DB-25

Table 5. RS-232 Connection Pinout

PIN NAME DESCRIPTION

1, 7 GND GROUND 2TXTRANSMIT 3 RX RECEIVE 4 RTS REQUEST TO SEND 5 CTS CLEAR TO SEND 6 DSR DATA SET READY (MODEM CONTR OL ONLY) 8 CD CARRIER DETECT 9-19 — UNUSED 20 DTR DATA TERMINAL READY (MODEM CONTROL ONLY) 21 — UNUSED 22 RI RING INDICATOR 23-25 — UNUSED

Table 6. TRACER 4205 (DCE) to Terminal (DTE) Diagram (DB-25)

PIN NAME PIN NAME

2TX 2 TX 3RX 3 RX 4RTS 4 RTS 5CTS 5 CTS 6 DSR 6 DSR 7GND 7 GND

Table 7. TRACER 4205 (DCE) to Personal Computer (DB-9)

PIN NAME PIN NAME

2TX 2 TX 3RX 3 RX 4RTS 7 RTS 5CTS 8 CTS 6 DSR 6 DSR 7GND 5 GND

Page 30

Section 3, Engineering Guidelines TRACER 4205 System Manua l

RS-232 Connection (Modem Use)

Modem controls, discussed in Section 5, User Inte rface Guide, of this manual, will enable or disable modem control through the RS-232 inter face. When this option is enabled from a standard terminal connection, all RS-232 communications will cease until a modem is attached with a null modem adapter between the TRACER 4205 and the data modem. The data modem should be configured for AUTO ANSWER and 9600 bps. When the user connects via modem to the TRACER 4205 unit, communications via the RS-232 port will resume. If a user accidenta lly enables modem control from a termina l and disr upts the RS-232 communication, pr essing <Ctrl + Z> three times will temporarily disable the modem control option (until the system is reset) and access the system configuration to disable modem control.

The TRACER 4205 must be interfaced to a modem via an RS-232 null modem adapter or cable. The null modem will convert Clear To Send (CTS) and Data Set Ready (DSR) into Read y To Send (RTS) a nd Dat a T erminal Ready (DTR), respectiv ely. The se signals will indicate (to most modems) that a valid DTE terminal device is pr esent. The null mo dem interfac e must rout e Carrie r Detect ( CD) on pin 8 di rectly fr om the mod em, and the mod em must source CD only when actu ally connect ed to a carrier when using the RS-232 interface for modem control.

When

MODEM CONNECTION is selected in the menu system, the TRACER 4205 will de-assert DTR and

DSR for a time greater than 20 ms. The null modem will consequently drop DTR and RTS at the modem interface, signaling the modem to hang up the line. If password functionality is enabled in the TRACER 4205, selecting MODEM CONNECTION (logout) will reset the TRACER 4205 to the password entry screen.

Hangup-on-DTR-drop may need to be explicitly enabled on some modems.

T able 8 contains the wiring diagram needed for connecting the TRACER 4205 RS-232 interface to a modem using the null modem adapter.

Table 8. TRACER 4205 (DCE) to Modem (DCE)

PIN NAME PIN NAME

2TX 3 RX 3RX 2 TX 4 RTS 5 CTS 5 CTS 4 RTS 6DSR 20 DTR 7GND 7 GND 8CD 8 CD

Page 31

TRACER 4205 System Manual Section 3, Engineering Guidelines

5. AT-A-GLANCE SPECIFICATIONS

The following is a list of specifications for the TRACER 4205 system.

Hardwa re Description Specification

Transmitter

Output Pow er +20 dBm, m ax Frequency Range 5725 to 5850 MHz

Receiver

Receive Level, Range -30 to -78 dBm Receive Level, Maximum -30 dBm Receive Level, Nominal -50 dBm

Frequency Plan

Plan A Tx 5.747 GHz, Rx 5.800 GHz Plan B Tx 5.827 GHz, Rx 5.750 GHz

DS3 Interface

User Interface

VT100 Terminal Interface

Capacity 44.736 Mbps Connection dual 75 Ω BNC connectors (Tx and Rx) Line Code B3ZS Framing M13, C-Bit Parity Alarms AIS, Red, Yellow, BPVs Loopbacks Lo ca l and remote (line and link)

Diagnostics DS3 Line and Link Loopbacks Test Points RSSI, Tx PWR

Data Rate 9600 bps Data Bits 8 Parity None Stop Bits 1 Terminal Emulation VT100

Page 32

Section 3, Engineering Guidelines TRACER 4205 System Manua l

Hardware Description Specification

Mechanical and Environmental

Operating Te mpe rature -25º C to 65ºC Size 19” W x 10.5” D x 1.75” H Humidity 95%, Non-condensing Weight 7 lbs

Power

Input Voltage 21 to 63 VDC, either polarity

referenced to ground

Power Consumption <

25 Watts Connector 2 pin terminal block (DC) Fuse 1 amp, 250 Volt slow-blo fuse (2-inch)

Page 33

NETWORK TURNUP PROCEDURE

CONTENTS

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

Tools Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4

Unpack and Inspect the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Contents of ADTRAN Shipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Customer Provides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4

Channel Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Grounding Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Supplying Po wer to the Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

Mounting Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Connecting the DS3 Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

FIGURES

Figure 1. Bandwidth Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5

Page 34

Section 4, Network Turnup Procedure TRACER 4205 System Manual

1. INTRODUCTION

This section discusses the installation process of the TRACER 4205 system.

Changes or modifications not expressly approved by ADTRAN could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.

2. TOOLS REQUIRED

The tools required for the ins tallation of the TRACER 4205 are:

• VT100 terminal or PC with terminal emulation software

• RS-232 (DB-25 male for TRACER 4205 end) cable for c onnecting to terminal

To prevent electr ical sho ck, do not inst all equipmen t in a wet loc ation or du ring a ligh tning storm.

3. UNPACK AND INSPECT THE SYSTEM

Each TRACER 4205 is shipped in its own cardboard shipping carton. Open each carton carefully and avoid deep penetration into the carton with sharp objects.

After unpacking the unit, inspect it for possible shipping damage. I f the equipment has been damaged in transit, immed i atel y file a cl ai m wi th the carri er, then cont act A D TRA N Cus tom er Serv i ce (see Warranty and Customer Service information in the front of this manual).

Contents of ADTRAN Shipment

Your ADTRAN shipment includes the following items:

• TRACER 4205 unit

• TRACER 4205 Documentation CD

Customer Provides

The following items are necess ary for the installation of the TRACER 4205 system and are not provided by ADTRAN:

• 21 to 63 VDC power source (or AC adapter availa ble from ADTRAN P/N 1280650L1), either polar ity referenced to ground

• Antenna and mounting hardware

• Antenna feedline cabl e

• DS3 cables (BNC for TRACER 4205 end) for connecting to DS3 equipment

Page 35

TRACER 4205 System Manual Section 4, Network Turnup Proce dure

4. CHANNEL SELECTION

The FCC has allocated 100 MHz of spectrum in the band in which the TRACER 4205 operates. Figur e 1 illustrates the bandwidth division.

5747 MHz

Channel Plan describes which lobe is transmitted upon. Example: A will transmit at A lobe and receive at B.

Figure 1. Bandwidth Division

5827 MHz

To designate the utilization of the ISM bandwidth, there are two different channel plans, labeled A and B. The letter of each channel plan setting is preset by the factory and refers to the physica l configuration of the diplexer filte r inside the environmental housing. The transmitter at one end of the link will transmit in the lower portion of the spectrum and recei ve in the upper portion. Consequently, the receiver at the other end should receive in the lower portion and transmit in the upper portion. There is one rule for successful TRACER 4205 configuration.

1. The letter of the channel plan must be d iff erent on both ends . Shipment of a li nk will cons ist o f one

Plan A and Plan B unit.

5. GROUNDING INSTRUCTIONS

The following provides grounding instruction information from the Underwriters’ Laboratory UL 60950 Standard for Safe ty of Information Technology Equipment Inclu ding Electrical Business Equipment, of December, 2000.

An equipment grounding conduct or that is not smaller in size than the ungrounded branch-circuit supply conductors is to be installe d as part of the circuit that supplies the product or system. Bare, covered, or insulated grounding c onductors are acceptable. Indivi dually covered or insulated equipment grounding conductors shall have a continuous outer finish that is either green, or green with one or more yellow stripes. The equipment grounding conductor is to be connected to ground at the service equipment.

The attachment-plug receptacles in the vicinity of the product or system are all to be of a grounding type, and the equipment grounding conduc tors serving these receptacles are to be connected to earth ground at the service equi pment.

A supplementary equipment grounding conductor shall be installed be tween the product or system and ground that is in addition to the equipm ent grounding conductor in the power supply cord.

Page 36

Section 4, Network Turnup Procedure TRACER 4205 System Manual

The supplementary equipment gr ounding conductor shall not be smaller in size than the ungr ounded branch-circuit supply conductors. The supplementary equipment grounding conductor shall be connected to the product at the terminal pro vide d, a nd shall be connected to ground in a manner that will retain the ground connection when the produc t is unplugged from the receptacle. The connection to ground of the supplementary equip ment grounding conductor shall be in compliance with the rule s for terminating bonding jumpers at Part K or Artic le 250 of the National Electrical Code, ANSI/NFPA 70. Termination of the supplementary equipm ent grounding conductor is permitted to be made to building ste el, to a metal electrical raceway system, or to any grounded item that is permanently and reliably connected to the electrical ser vice equipment ground.

The supplemental grounding con ductor sha ll be conne cted to t he equipment using a number 8 ring t erm inal and should be fastened to the gro unding lug provi ded on the rear panel of th e equipment . The ring termin al should be installed using the appropriate crimping tool (AMP P/N 59250 T-EAD Crimping Tool or equivalent.)

The supplemental equipment grounding terminal is located on the rear panel of the TRACER 4205.

6. SUPPLYING PO WER TO THE UNIT

The TRACER 4205 can operate from a suppl y between 21 and 63 VDC, with either polarity ref erenced to ground. Power supplies should be able to provide up to 30 watts at the selected voltage. A dual pin terminal plug accepts power at the rear panel of the unit, providing a + and - polarity reference point. Adapters for this plug are available (P/N 1175043L2) and are furnished with the unit and optional power supply (P/N 1280650L1).

7. MOUNTING OPTIONS

Install th e TRACER 4205 in a l ocation that requir es minimal antenna feedline length (the loss in this cable directly aff ects overall system performance) . The TRACER 4205 is design ed to be mounted in a rack. I f multiple units are insta lled in one location, one half inch of spacing is recommended above and below the unit.

8. CONNECTING THE DS3 INTERFACE

The physical DS3 interface is provided using a pair of 75 Ω BNC connectors for transmit and receive. Using standard coaxial cable, connect the interface of the DS3 equipment . Connec t the DS3 IN interface of the TRACER 4205 to the transmit data interface of the DS3 equipment .

DS3 OUT interface of the TRACER 4205 to the receive data

Page 37

USER INTERFACE GUIDE

CONTENTS

Navigating the Terminal Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Terminal Menu Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Navigating using the Keyboard Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Terminal Menu and System Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39

Password Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Menu Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

>TRACER System Status. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

>Main Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

>TRACER System Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

>TRACER Link Performance History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

>DS3 Status/Configuration/Loopback. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

>DS3 Performance History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

FIGURES

Figure 1. Main Menu Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Figure 2. TRACER System Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Figure 3. Main Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Figure 4. TRACER System Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Figure 5. TRACER Link Performance History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Figure 6. DS3 Status/Configu ra tion/Loopbac k . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Figure 7. DS3 Link Loopback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Figure 8. DS3 Line Loopba ck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Figure 9. DS3 Link Performance Hi story. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

TABLES

Table 1. DS3 Interface Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 6

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Section 5, User Interface Guide TRACER 4205 System Manual

1. NAVIGATING THE TERMINAL MENU

The TRACER 4205 menu system can be accessed with a VT100 compatible terminal set to 9600 bits per second, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, and no parity, connected to the RS-232 port located on the back of the unit. Flow control on the serial inte rface should be configured to None for proper operation. Once a terminal is connected, pre ssin g <C tr l + L> wil l refres h the curr en t scre en . If pas sw or d acces s has been en abl ed , the

ENTER PASSWORD message will be displayed at the bottom of the TRACER 4205 system status menu.

All TRACER 4205 systems ar e shipped factory default with password protection disabled.

Terminal Menu Window

The TRACER 4205 uses five menu pages and a single main menu page to access its many features. The main menu page (see Figure 1) provides a link to all available configuration/status pages.

After connecting a VT100 terminal to the TRACER 4205, press <Ctrl + L> to redraw the current screen. VT100 access will not be possible until this step is performed.

Figure 1. Main Menu Screen

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TRACER 4205 System Manual Section 5, User Interface Guide

Navigating using the Keyboard Keys

You can use various keystrokes to move through the terminal menu, to manage a terminal menu se ssion, and to configure the system.

Moving through the Menus

To do this... Press this key...

Move up to select items Up Arrow Move down to select items Down Arrow Edit a selected menu item Enter Scroll through configuration parameters for a menu item Spacebar

Left/ Righ t Arrows

P or N (Prev/Next) Cancel an edit Escape Return to Main Menu page M

Session Management Keystrokes

To do this... Press this key...

Log into a session Spacebar Refresh the screen

To save time, only the portion of the screen that has changed is refreshed. This option should only be necessary if the display picks up incorrect characters

2. TERMINAL MENU AND SYSTEM CONTROL Password Prot ection

The TRACER 4205 provide s optio nal password pr ot ection of t he termina l interfac e. If enable d, a passwor d prompt is presented at power-up, reboot, modem logout, or after ten minute s of inactivity on the terminal. Password protection is enabled and a password is defined via the system configuration menu.

All TRACER 4205 systems ar e shipped factory default with password protection disabled.

If the password is forgotten, physical access to the TRACER 4205 unit is required to access the terminal interface. The password may be bypassed by pressing the This disabled the password and will initialize the TRACER 4205 system status menu to allow the password to be changed (via the configuration screen).

DS3 LBK button while the system is rebooted.

Rebooting the unit to bypass password protection and redefine the installed password is service affecti ng.

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Section 5, User Interface Guide TRACER 4205 System Manual

3. MENU DESCRIPTIONS

The remainder of this section describes the TRACER 4205 menus and submenus.

The menu structur e of the TRACER 4205 system is depicted below as follows: > MENU PAGE > MENU PAGE > MENU SELECTION > MENU PAGE > MENU SELECTION > SUB-MENU

>TRACER SYSTEM STATUS

Figure 2 shows the TRACER System Status menu page. Status of maj or system components for both sides of the TRACER link are displayed, but no configuration can be performed from this view.

Figure 2. TRACER System Status

The top of the TRACER System Status menu page display s the elapsed time the TRACER 4205 system has been operational sinc e the last power reset. Located directly beneath the ADTRAN Technical Support phone number is a graphical indi cator of the stat us of the TRACER 4205 DS3 and RF links (as rep orted by both the local and remote units). The

DS3 labels will be reverse highli ghte d if any error c onditi ons exist on

that DS3 in t e rface.

The status of the rece ived radio link is indicate d as RF UP or RF DOWN for each direction. The left portion of the menu page reports the status of the local TRACER 4205 (the system where the active terminal is attached). The right portion of the screen reports the status of the remote system. If the RF link is down from the remote unit to the local unit,

LOCAL RX LINK ERROR will be displayed. If the RF link is down from

the local unit to the remote unit, or if the RF link status cannot be determined, REMOTE RX LINK ERROR will be displayed.

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TRACER 4205 System Manual Section 5, User Interface Guide

Press <0> from any menu in the TRACER 4205 VT100 menu structure to access the TRACER System Status page.

>TRACER SYSTEM STATUS > FREQUENCY PLAN

Displays the frequency pla n (A or B) for the TRACER 4205 unit. For an operational TRACER 4205 system, the local and remote units should display opposite frequency pla ns.

>TRACER SYSTEM STATUS > SITE

Displays the site name config ured from the TRACER System Configuration page.

>TRACER SYSTEM STATUS > RX POWER

Displays the appr oximate re ceiver le vels ( for both t he local and remote units ) us ing a ser ies of symbols (#). The more symbols (#) displayed, the stronger the signal. If the link is down and remote end data is unavailable, DATA NOT AVAILABLE is displayed in place of the symbols (#).

>TRACER SYSTEM STATUS > TX POWER

Displays the approximate transmitter levels (for both the local and remote units) using a series of symbols (#). The more symbols (#) displayed, the stronger the signal. If the link is down and remote end data is unavailable,

DATA NOT AVAILABLE is displayed in place of the symbols (#).

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Section 5, User Interface Guide TRACER 4205 System Manual

>MAIN MENU

The TRACER 4205 Main Menu page provides access to all other configuration/status pages. Figure 3 shows the TRACER Main Menu page.

Figure 3. Main Menu

Use the up and down arrow keys to scroll through the available pages, or enter the number of the selected page (to highlight the menu page) and pre ss <Enter>.

Press <M> from any menu in the TRACER 4205 VT100 menu structure to access the TRACER Main Menu page.

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TRACER 4205 System Manual Section 5, User Interface Guide

>TRACER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

Figure 4 shows the TRACER System Configuration menu page. System configuration parameters for both the local and remote TRACER 4205 units are available through this menu page.

Figure 4. TRACER System Configuration

Press <1> from any menu in the TRACER 4205 VT100 menu structure to access the TRACER System Configuration menu page.

>TRACER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION > RX POWER

Displays the appr oximate re ceiver le vels ( for both t he local and remote units ) us ing a ser ies of symbols (#). The more symbols (

#) displayed, the stronger the signal. If the link is down and remote end data is

unavailable, DATA NOT AVAILABLE is displayed in place of the symbols (#). This parameter is display only.

>TRACER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION > TX POWER

Allows the transmitter levels (for both the local and remote units) to be adjusted. The current transmitter level is di splayed using a series of symbols (#). The more symbols (#) displayed, the stronger the signal. If the link is down and remote end data is unavailable, DATA NOT AVAILABLE is displayed in place of the symbols (#).

Reducing the transmitter power of the remote TRACER 4205 could negatively impact the TRACER RF link.

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Section 5, User Interface Guide TRACER 4205 System Manual

>TRACER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION > SITE NAME

Enter up to 32 alphanumeric characters to be displayed for identification of the TRACER 4205 system.

>TRACER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION > MODEM CONTROL

Configures the modem control leads on the RS-232 port (termi nal interfa ce located on the rear pa nel of the unit). Set MODEM CONTROL to ENABLED when connecting the unit to a modem (using a null modem adapter). Setting enables data to be sent to the VT 100 continuously.

MODEM CONTROL to DISABLED prevents the TRACER 4205 from monitoring DCD and

MODEM CONTROL must be set to DISABLED when the

VT100 terminal is in use. The TRACER 4205 comes factory programmed with MODEM CONTROL set t o

DISABLED.

Press <Ctrl+Z> three times from the terminal interface to temporarily disable MODEM

ONTROL when the modem control le ads are active.

>TRACER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION > MODEM CONNECTION (LOGOUT)

Activator to c ause the TRACER 4205 t o de -assert C lear To Send (CTS) and DSR for a ti me greater than 20 milliseconds. This signals the modem to disconnect the analog connection. Hangup-On-DTR-Drop may need to be explicitly enabled on some modems. If PASSWORD PROTE CTION is ENABLED, this menu also causes the unit to close the curr ent session and return to the TRACER System Status menu page and wait for passwor d input .

>TRACER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION > PASSWORD ENABLE

Configures password prote ction for the VT100 terminal interface. Password protection for the TRACER 4205 requires password inpu t from the TRACER System Status menu page when connecting to the unit. When configured for Password protection, the TRACER 4205 closes any terminal session that remains inactive for more than 10 minutes. The TRACER 4205 comes factory programmed with

NABLE set to DISABLED.

PASSWORD

>TRACER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION > PASSWORD

Sets the password for password protection of the TRACER 4205 VT100 terminal interface. Enter up to 8 alphanumeric chara cter s. The system password is case sensitive.

The default password for the TRACER 4205 is tracer.

>TRACER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION > PERFORMANCE STATS (CLEAR)

Activator to reset all system error counters for the TRACER 4205.

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TRACER 4205 System Manual Section 5, User Interface Guide

>TRACER LINK PERFORMANCE HISTORY

Figure 5 shows the TRACER Link Performance History menu page. The TRACER Link Performance History menu page displays detailed error statistics for the RF link (from both the local and remote TRACER 4205 units) in 15-minute increments.

Figure 5. TRACER Link Performance History

RF performance data is presented as link (LNK) errors which represent errored seconds received on the wireless link. This is generally an indication of path or interfer ence problems.

The minimum received signal leve l (MIN RSL) is represe nted as a numerical value from 0 to 255 with 0 corresponding to no recei ve power and 255 corresponding to an extremely hot signal. The minimum received signal level is directly related to RSSI.

The error count for the most recent 24 hours are reco rded and displayed on the right side of the page. The left side of the page displays the 24 hour tota ls for the most recent 7 days.

Press <N> to view the next 8 hours worth of 15-minute totals and <P> to view the previ ous 8 hours.

Press <2> from any menu in the TRACER 4205 VT100 menu structure to access the TRACER Link Performance History menu page.

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Section 5, User Interface Guide TRACER 4205 System Manual

>DS3 STATUS/CONFIGURATION/LOOPBACK

Figure 6 shows t he DS3 Sta tus/Confi gurati on/Loop back me nu page. R eal-t ime gra phical r epresenta ti on for the DS3 link (using data from both the local and remote TRACER 4205 units) is displayed on this page. DS3 operational configur ation parameters and testing functi ons are configured from this menu.

Figure 6. DS3 Status/Configuration/Loopback

Press <3> from any menu in the TRACER 4205 VT100 menu structure to access the DS3 Status/ Configuration/Loopback menu page.

>DS3 STATUS/CONFIGURATION/LOOPBACK > DS3 INTERFACE ALARMS

Displays any active alar ms on the DS3 link (reported from both the local and remote TRACER 4205 units). These alarms include R ed, Blue, Yellow, AIS, and bipolar violations (BPV). See Section 6, Troubleshooting Guide, fo r more information on these alarms.

Table 1. DS3 Interface Alarms

BPV Activates when the incoming DS3 stream presents bipolar violations (BPVs). BPVs are

received when two consecutive “one” bits are the same polarity.

AIS An AIS signal is a properly aligned and framed alternating one-zero pattern. The TRACER

4205 will transmit a blue alarm (RMT) to the remote equipment when an incoming alarm is received from a connected DS3 device. The remote equipment should transmi t the AIS yellow alarm which will be passed by the TRACER 4205 to the connected DS3 device.

RMT Activates when an incoming remote alarm is received (from the DS3 equipme nt) in the

DS3 EOC channel (bits X1 and X2 are both set to zero).

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TRACER 4205 System Manual Section 5, User Interface Guide

Table 1. DS3 Interface Alarms (Continued)

LOS Activates when no DS3 signal is present from the connected DS3 equipment. LOS is

activated after receiving 192 consecutive zeros.

LOF Ac tivates when the DS3 framer loses alignment due to too many F bits or M bits in error. IDLE Connected DS3 equipment is indicating that the line is not in use by transmitting a

properly aligned and frame 1100... pattern.

>DS3 STATUS/CONFIGURATION/LOOPBACK > DS3 LINE BUILD OUT

Configures the DS3 for the appropriate line buildout, based on the distance to the DS3 equipment. Use

DSX for 0-255 feet and HIGH for distances greater than 255 feet.

>DS3 STATUS/CONFIGURATION/LOOPBACK > ALARM REPORTING

Determines whether the TRACER 4205 unit will report active alarms. If DISABLED, no alarms will be displayed on this menu page. The ALARM REPORTING parameter is independently configured for the local and remote TRACER 4205 units. When disabled, the f ront panel LED alarms will also be disabled (OFF).

>DS3 STATUS/CONFIGURATION/LOOPBACK > SIGNALING

Configures the framing form at for the DS3 link for both the local and remote TRACER 4205 units. The TRACER 4205 transparently tran sports DS3 data across the link (as long as the DS3 signal is properly timed). Configure the framing form at (using the SIGNALING menu) to enable the TRACER 4205 to monitor incoming framing error events and indicate problems with the attached metallic service. The TRACER 4205 supports both

M13 and C-BIT parity modes.

>DS3 STATUS/CONFIGURATION/LOOPBACK > LINE CODE

Sets the line coding for the DS3 link. The TRACER 4205 supports only B3ZS line coding.

>DS3 STATUS/CONFIGURATION/LOOPBACK > LOOP/NORMAL STATE

Controls the loop status of the DS3 link. Activates/deactivates loopback conditions for te sting purposes.

>DS3 STATUS/CONFIGURATION/LOOPBACK > LOOP/NORMAL STATE > NORMAL

The DS3 link is in normal data transport mode - there are no active loopbacks.

>DS3 STATUS/CONFIGURATION/LOOPBACK > LOOP/NORMAL STATE > LINK

Activates a loopback at the TRACER 4205 DS3 framer toward s the wire less link (see Figure 7). Use the

LINK loopback to test data path integrity from one unit across the wirele ss link.

Figure 7. DS 3 Li nk Loopback

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Section 5, User Interface Guide TRACER 4205 System Manual

>DS3 STATUS/CONFIGURATION/LOOPBACK > LOOP/NORMAL STATE > LINE

Activates a loopback at the TRACER 4205 DS3 framer towards the locall y connected DS3 equipment ( see Figure 8). Use the LINE loopback to test data path integrity from the TRACER 4205 unit to the DS3 equipment.

Figure 8. DS 3 Li ne Loopback

>DS3 PERFORMANCE HISTORY

Figure 5 shows the DS3 Performance History menu page. The DS3 Performance History menu page displays detaile d error statistics for the DS3 link (from both the local an d remote TRACER 4205 units) in 15-minute increments.

Figure 9. DS3 Link Performance History

DS3 performance data is presented as Errored Seconds (ES) and Severely Errored Seconds (SES) on the DS3 link. The following events qualify as an ES–AIS, LOS or LOF Alarm Second, a single BPV or excessive zero event, or a single parity bit. An SES is caused by an AIS, LOS or LOF Alarm Second, or excessive Bi po la r Violations (BPV s) o r fram ed Pari ty Bit errors cau si n g a line Bit Erro r Rat e (B E R) of

-6

10^

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TRACER 4205 System Manual Section 5, User Interface Guide

The error count for the most recent 24 hours are reco rded and displayed on the right side of the page. The left side of the page displays the 24 hour tota ls for the most recent 7 days.

Press <N> to view the next 8 hours worth of 15-minute totals and <P> to view the previ ous 8 hours.

Press <4> from any menu in the TRACER 4205 VT100 menu structure to access the DS3 Link Performance History menu page.

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Section 5, User Interface Guide TRACER 4205 System Manual

Page 51

TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE

CONTENTS

Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

LED Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

PWR LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

TST LED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

RF DOWN LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

RF LOW LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

LOS LED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

LOF LED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

AIS LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54

RAI LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54

BPV LED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54

RF Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Step-by-Step Troubleshooting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Installing/Troubleshootin g the TRACER Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Installing/Configuring DS3 Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

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Section 6, Troubleshooting Guide TRACER 4205 System Manual

1. OVERVIEW

This troubleshooting guide provides recommended actions for various conditions of the TRACER 4205 system. The status LEDs (located on the front panel of the unit) provide information to help determine the necessary troubleshooting action. Recommended actions for resolving possible status LED indicators are contained in this guide.

2. LED INDICATORS

PWR LED

If the PWR LED is not ON and solid green, it is an indicator that the TRACER 4205 is not receiving adequate DC power.

Recommended Actions:

1. Verify that the power source is delivering between 21 and 63 VDC.

2. Check the polarity of the power connection (referenced to ground) of both the TRACER 4205 unit and the power source.

3. Check the internal fuse. The fuse is accessed from the rear panel of the unit. If this fuse is open, replace with a 1Amp, 250 Volt (2-inch) slow-blo fuse.

TST LED

The TST will remain ON (solid Amber) during power-up to indicate a self-test is in progress. If the TST LED is blinking or remains ON after 10 seconds, this indicates that the TRACER 4205 unit has failed self-test. This is an internal failure, and ADTRAN technical support should be contacted.

RF DOWN LED

If the RF DOWN LED is ON (solid Red), it is an indicator that there is a problem with the RF link to the TRACER 4205.

Recommended Actions:

1. Check the RF coaxial cable connection.

2. Measure the RSSI voltage. If the signal is acceptable (>

3. Verify that one end of the link is configured as Plan A and the other end is Plan B.

4. Verify that the antenna polarization is the same at both ends of the RF signal transmit and receive path.

5. Verify the RF signal path is clear.

6. Check for possible interference at both ends of the link. If necessary, change polarization and/or Band Plans at both ends.

7. Check the integrity of lightning arrestors.

2.0 VDC at RSSI test point), go to Ste p 6.

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TRACER 4205 System Manual Section 6, Troubleshoot ing Guide

RF LOW LED

If the RF LOW LED is ON (solid Red), it is an indicator that the received signal is within 10 dB (approximately ) of the minimum opera ble signal. This condition is typically indicative of a path problem.

Recommended Actions:

1. Verify the far-end transmitter power setting is the value that the link planning budget allows.

2. Check all coaxial cable connectors for solid connections. Check for water and corrosion around any of the connectors.

3. Verify the RF signal path by verifying the antenna alignment.

4. Check the integrity of the cable plant.

5. Check the integrity of lightning arrestors.

LOS LED

If the LOS LED is ON (solid Red), it is an indica tor that t he TRACER 4205 is unable to detect a vi abl e DS3 received signal from the connected DS3 equipment. This error may be due to a degraded signal or no signal, or is may be caused by improper framing.

Recommended Actions:

1. Verify that the DS3 Coaxial cable is connected to the DS3 interface on the TRACER 4205.

2. Verify that the DS3 Out interface on the TRACER 4205 is connected to the transmit interface of the DS3 equipment.

3. Verify that the DS3 In interface on the TRACER 4205 is connected to the receive interface of the DS3 equipment.

4. Verify the connections at the opposite end of the DS3 cable.

5. Verify that the framing mode (C-Bit or M13 parity) is the same for both the TRACER 4205 and the DS3 equipment.

LOF LED

If the LOF LED is ON (solid Red), it is an indicator that the TRACER 4205 is unable to detect a viable framing pattern from the connec ted DS3 equipment. This error may be due to a degraded incoming signal or improper framing coming from the attached equipment.

Recommended Actions:

1. Verify that the DS3 Coaxial cable is connected to the DS3 interface on the TRACER 4205.

2. Verify that the DS3 Out interface on the TRACER 4205 is connected to the transmit interface of the DS3 equipment.

3. Verify that the DS3 In interface on the TRACER 4205 is connected to the receive interface of the DS3 equipment.

4. Verify the connections at the opposite end of the DS3 cable.

5. Verify that the framing mode (C-Bit or M13 parity) is the same for both the TRACER 4205 and the DS3 equipment.

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Section 6, Troubleshooting Guide TRACER 4205 System Manual

AIS LED

An AIS Alarm, when indi cated at the TRACER 4205 by a solid red AIS LED, i s ge nerated by the attached equipment in response to an error conditio n. The root caus e must be determined at the att ached equi pment. A typical cause of an AIS alarm is a lack of input to a CSU.

Recommended Actions:

1. Verify the input to any attached data equipment.

RAI LED

A Remote Alarm , when indi cat e d at the TRA C E R 4 205 b y a solid Red RA I LED, is generated by the attached equipment. When the 4205's DS3 interface experiences a LOF or LOS error, the TRACER 4205 will transmit a n AIS Alarm t o the r emote equipm ent. The r emote e quipment shoul d r espond wit h a Remote alarm.

Recommended Actions:

1. Follow the troubleshooting steps for the LOS Alarm, but do so at the attached equipment.

BPV LED

If the BPV LED is ON (solid Red at time of incident), a Bipolar Violation (BPV) has occurred. BPVs indicate an improper conf iguration or faulty wiring.

Recommended Actions:

1. Verify the TRACER 4205 unit and the attached equipment are configured for the same line coding (B3ZS).

2. Verify the cable connections for the DS3 interface are solid.

3. RF ERRORS

RF errors can range anywhere from a non-viable microwave path to loose RF connectors.

Non-viable path conditions c ould be caused by physical obstructions suc h as buildings, moutainous terra in, trees, etc., as well as other physical limitations such as excessive path distances and in-band RF interference . The se types of errors are remedied by performing a detaile d line-of-sight microwave path study to determine whether or not a microwave link is feasible for the terrain and environment unde r consideration.

If after performing a microwave path study the system is still not operational, ensure that the antennas are properly aligned. Note that alignment must be achieved in both elevation and azimuth for optimal link performance. The TRACER 4205 can be used to aid in antenna alignment by looking at the RSSI submenu. Optimal a ntenna alignment will correspond to the maximum number of RSSI bars on the TRACER 4205 terminal display.

4. STEP-BY-STEP TROUBLESHOOTING

The logical troubleshooting flow presented in this section can be used to set up your TRACER 4205

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TRACER 4205 System Manual Section 6, Troubleshoot ing Guide

system, and also to diagnose a previously installed system. Ple ase contact Adtran Technical support at any stage during instal lation and/or troubleshooting if you require assistance.

5. INSTALLING/TROUBLESHOOTING THE TRACER HARDWARE

1. Perform a detailed path profile for each TRACER 4205 microwave link. A thorough path study

can be used to estimate signal power budgets, fade margins at each receiver, identity potential line-of-sit e obstacles, properly size antenna dishes, and determine minimum antenna dish heights above the earth.

2. Setup all of the TRACER hardware on a work be nch. It is a lso recommende d that the actua l cabl es

to be used in the permanent installation be used in the work bench setup. A rigorous work bench "simulation" of the link will help you alleviate and avoid time-consuming errors.

3. Examine the PLAN A and PLAN Blights on the front panel of each unit. These LEDs indicate the

frequency plan for each TRACER 4205 unit. The frequency plan (PLAN A, PLAN B) LED should be the opposite on both TRACER 4205 units.

4. Attach the RF coaxial cables to be used in the permanent installation to the N-type connectors on

the base of the TRACER 4205 unit. Attach the other end of the coaxia l cable(s) to an RF power meter or spectrum analyzer if either is available. The power measured by the meter/analyzer will be the RF power available at the input of the antenna. The TRACER 4205 unit is progra mmed at the factory to output approxim ately 100 mW (20 dBm) of 5.8 GHz RF power. The actual power level measured by the meter/analyzer will be less than 100 mW due to RF losses through the coaxial cable, and is a function of cable type and length of cable being used. In any event, the power level at the output of the co axial cable should be a significant fraction of 100 mW. A power meter/analyzer r eading tha t is not on the order of at least tens-of-milliwa tts could be an indication of any combination of either unsuitable RF, faulty, or unreasonably long coaxial cable.

5. Resolve all RF coaxial cabling err ors before proceeding.

6. Attach the RF coaxial cables to a 5.8 GHz attenuator, if possible. I f you do not have an attenuator,

attach the coa xial cables to the antennas to be used in the permanent installa tion. If the insta llation antennas are not ava ilable, sma ll, ine xpensive dipole or pa tch antennas c an be used f or verific ation purposes. If a n adjustable attenuator is being used, dial in the amount of attenuation that corresponds to the path loss value expected for the microwave link in which the TRACER hardware will be installed. The path loss va lue can be calculated from a knowledge of the path length, or provided by a path study. Remember to subtract both antenna gain values from the attenuator level if these values have not already be accounted for.

7. After setting up the RF pieces, examin e the

RF DOWN LED on the front panel of each TRACER

4205 unit. If the RF DOWN LED is illuminated (red), the corresponding TRACER 4205 is not receiving a suitable RF signal from the other TRACER 4205 unit. In this case, the receiving TRACER 4205 is either receivin g a very weak signal, or no signal at all. If the RF DOWN LED is not illuminated, then the TRACER 4205 units are receiving a suitable RF signal. Suitable RF power levels for low error rate communication will range from -30 dBm to -78 dBm measured at the N-type connector input on the TRACER 4205 unit.

8. Resolve any signal level issue s befor e proceeding.

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Section 6, Troubleshooting Guide TRACER 4205 System Manual

9. Examine the RF LOW LED on the front panel of each TRACER 4205. If this LED is illuminated,

then the TRACER 4205 is receiving a relative ly weak signal, however if the

RF DOWN LED is

not illuminated, the receiv ed sign al is being suitabl y processed by the TRACER system. If you are receiving a we ak signal (

RF LOW is ON), please verify that the weak signal is not being caused by

a faulty cable, an insufficiently tightened cable, or some other installation-related problem. Also, make sure an unreasonably large attenuation value has not been selected if you are using an attenuator on a work bench setup.

Use the tables in Section 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics, of this manual to select the proper free-spac e atte nuation value (in dB) based on the estimated length of the microwave path. Remember to subtract out both anten na gains ( local and remote) from the attenuator setting.

10. Command a link loopback in one TRACER 4205 unit and run patter n from the connected DS3

equipment. This will verify data path between the DS3 equipment and the TRACER 4205 unit.

External pattern generators are required to test data path integrity. A DS3 BERT tester is suggested.

Installing/Configuring DS3 Hardware

1. If possible, attach any or all of the intended DS3 hardware to the TRACER 4205 units using the

same work bench setup. This ste p offers the perfect opportunity to configure your DS3 hardware for proper functioning with the TRACER hardware.

2. Resolve any remaining DS3 equipment-to-TRACER 4205 configur ation issues before field

installati on, if possible. This will significant ly reduce the probability of unsuccessf ul field installation.

Adtran TRC4205L1 Revised Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Trademarks

About this Manual

Federal Communications Commission Radio Frequency Interference Statement

Warranty and Customer Service

Customer Service, Product Support Information, and Training

4205 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

1. SYSTEM OVERVIEW

2. FEATURES AND BENEFITS

Configuration and Management

Operational

MICROWAVE PATH ENGINEERING BASICS

1. LINE-OF-SITE

2. DECIBELS

3. RECEIVER POWER

4. ANTENNA GAIN

5. PATH LOSS

6. ANTENNA ALIGNMENT

Antenna Beam Patterns

Fresnel Zones, Earth Curvature, & Antenna Heights

7. COAXIAL CABLE

8. RECEIVER SENSITIVITY

9. FADE MARGIN

10. PATH AVAILABILITY

ENGINEERING GUIDELINES

1. EQUIPMENT DIMENSIONS

2. POWER REQUIREMENTS

3. REVIEWING THE FRONT PANEL DESIGN

RSSI Monitoring Interface

TX PWR Monitoring Interface

Front Panel LEDs

4. REVIEWING THE TRACER 4205 REAR PANEL DESIGN

DC Power Connection

Fuse

Antenna Interface

Alarm Contacts

DS3 (In and Out) Connection

RS-232 Connection (Terminal Use)

RS-232 Connection (Modem Use)

5. AT-A-GLANCE SPECIFICATIONS

NETWORK TURNUP PROCEDURE

1. INTRODUCTION

2. TOOLS REQUIRED

3. UNPACK AND INSPECT THE SYSTEM

Contents of ADTRAN Shipment

Customer Provides

4. CHANNEL SELECTION

5. GROUNDING INSTRUCTIONS

6. SUPPLYING PO WER TO THE UNIT

7. MOUNTING OPTIONS

8. CONNECTING THE DS3 INTERFACE

USER INTERFACE GUIDE

1. NAVIGATING THE TERMINAL MENU

Terminal Menu Window

Navigating using the Keyboard Keys

2. TERMINAL MENU AND SYSTEM CONTROL Password Prot ection

3. MENU DESCRIPTIONS

>TRACER SYSTEM STATUS

>MAIN MENU

>TRACER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

>TRACER LINK PERFORMANCE HISTORY

>DS3 STATUS/CONFIGURATION/LOOPBACK

>DS3 PERFORMANCE HISTORY

TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE

1. OVERVIEW

2. LED INDICATORS

PWR LED

TST LED

RF DOWN LED

RF LOW LED

LOS LED

LOF LED

AIS LED

RAI LED

BPV LED

3. RF ERRORS

4. STEP-BY-STEP TROUBLESHOOTING