Adtran TRC4205 User Manual

TRACER 4205

System Manual

12804205L1A TRACER 4205 System (Plan A) 12804205L1B TRACER 4205 System (Plan B)

612804205L1-1A August 2002

Trademarks

Any brand names and product names included in this manual are trademarks, registered trademarks, or trade names of their respective holders.

To the Holder of the Manual

The contents of this ma nual are c urrent as of the dat e of publi cation. ADTRAN rese rves the r ight to c hange the contents without prior notice.

In no event will ADTRAN be liable for any special, incidental, or consequential damages or for commercial losses even if ADTRAN has been advised thereof as a result of issue of this publication.

901 Explorer Boulevard

P.O. Box 140000

Huntsville, AL 35814-4000

Phone: (256) 963-8000

Printed in U .S.A.

About this Manual

This manual provides a complete description of the TRACER 4205 system and system software. The purpose of this manual is to provide the technician, system administrator, and manager with general and specific information related to the planning, installation, operation, and maintenance of the TRACER 4205. This manual is arranged so that needed information can be quickly and easily found. The following is an overview of the contents.

Section 1 4205 System Description

Provides managers with an overview of the TRACER 4205 system.

Section 2 Microwave Path Engineering Basics

Explains the basics of analyzing a wireless microwave link, or path. The significant parameters are defined, and several recommendations are offered.

Section 3 Engineering Guidelines

Provides information to assist network designers with incorporating the TRACER 4205 system into their networks.

Section 4 Network Turnup Procedure

Provides step-by-st ep instru ctions on ho w to instal l the TRACER 4205 uni t, determi ne the parameters for the system, install the network and option modules, and power up the system.

Section 5 User Interface Guide

Explains the terminal int erf ace and provides a descriptio n for each of the menus av ai lab le for the TRACER 4205 system.

Section 6 Troubleshooting Guide

Provides helpful information for troubleshooting common configuration problems for the TRACER 4205 system.

Revision History

This is the first issue of this manual.

Notes provide additional useful information.

Cautions signify information that could prevent service interruption.

Warnings provide information that could prevent damage to the equipment or endangerment to human life.

Safety Instructions

When using your telephone equipment, please follow these basic safety precautions to reduce the risk of fire, electr ical shock, or personal injury:

1. Do not use this product near water, such as a bathtub, wash bowl, kitchen sink, laundry tub, in a wet basement, or near a swimming pool.

2. Avoid using a telephone (other than a cordless-type) during an electrical storm. There is a remote risk of shock from lightning.

3. Do not use the telephone to report a gas leak in the vicinity of the leak.

4. Use only the power cord, power sup ply, and/or ba tterie s indicat ed in the manual . Do not dispose of batteries in a fire. They may explode. Check with local codes for special disposal instructions.

Save These Important Safety Instructions

Federal Communications Commission Radio Frequency Interference Statement

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio frequencies. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.

Shielded cables must be used with this unit to ensure compliance with Class A FCC limits.

Changes or modifications to this unit not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.

Warranty and Customer Service

ADTRAN will repair and return this pr oduct within fi ve years from t he date of shipment if it does not meet its published specifica tions or fails while in service. For detailed warranty, repair, and return in formation refer to the ADTRAN Equipment Warranty and Repair and Return Po licy Procedure.

Return Material Authorization (RMA) is required prior to returning equipment to ADTRAN.

For service, RMA requests, or further information, contact one of the numbers listed at the end of this section.

LIMITED PRODUCT WARRANTY

ADTRAN warrants that for five years from the date of shipment to Customer, all products manufactured by ADTRAN will be free from defects in materials and workmanship. ADTRAN also warrants that products will conform to the applicable specifications and drawings for such products, as contained in the Product Manual or in ADTRAN's internal specifications and drawings for such products (which may or may not be reflected in the Product Manual). This warranty only applies if Customer gives ADTRAN written notice of defects during th e warranty period. Upo n s uch notice, ADTRAN will, at i t s option, either repair or replace the defective item. If ADTRAN is unable, in a reasonable time, to repair or replace any equipment to a condition as warranted, Customer is entitled to a full refund of the purchase price upon return of the equipment to ADTRAN. This warranty applies only to the original purchaser and is not transferable without ADTRAN's express written permission. This warranty becomes null and void if Customer modifies or alt er s t he equipment in any way, other than as specifically authorized by ADTRAN.

EXCEPT FOR THE LIMITED WARRANTY DESCRIBED ABOVE, THE FOREGOING CONSTITUTES THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY OF THE CUSTOMER AND THE EXCLUSIVE LIABILITY OF ADTRAN AND IS IN LIEU OF ANY AND ALL OTHER W ARRANTIES (EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED). ADTRAN SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, INCLUDING (WITHOUT LIMITATION), ALL WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES, SO THIS EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY TO CUSTOMER.

In no event will ADTRAN or its suppliers be liable to the Customer for any incidental, special, punitive, exemplary or consequential damages experienced by either the Customer or a third party (including, but not limited to, loss of data or information, loss of profits, or loss of use). ADTRAN is not liable for damages for any cause whatsoever (whether based in contract, tort, or otherwise) in excess of the amount paid for the item. Some st ates do not al low the limitation or exclusion of liability for incide ntal or consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to the Customer.

Customer Service, Product Support Information, and Training

ADTRAN will repair and return this product if within five years from the date of shipment the product does not meet its published specification or the product fails while in service.

A return mate rial authorization (RMA) is required prior to returning equ ipment to ADTR AN. For service, RMA requests, training, or more information, use the contact information given below.

Repair and Return

If you determine that a repair is needed, please contact our Customer and Product Service (CAPS) department to have an RMA number issued. CAPS should also be contacted to obtain information regarding equipment currently in house or possible fees associated with repair.

CAPS Department (256) 963-8722

Identify the RMA number clearly on the package (below address), and return to the following address:

ADTRAN Customer and Product Service 901 Explorer Blvd. (Ea st Tower) Huntsville, Alabama 35806

RMA # _____________

Pre-Sales Inquiries and Applications Support

Your reseller should serve as the f irst poi nt of contac t for su pport. If add ition al pre -sal es supp ort i s neede d, the ADTRAN Support web site provides a variety of support services such as a searchable knowledge base, latest product documentation, application briefs, case studies, and a link to submit a question to an Applications Engineer. All of this, and more, is available at:

http://support.adtran.com

When needed, further pre-sales assistance is available by calling our Applications Engineering Department.

Applications Engineering (800) 615-1176

Post-Sale Support

Your reseller should serve as the first point of contact for support. If additional support is needed, the ADTRAN Support web site provides a variety of support services such as a searchable knowledge base, updated firmware releases, latest product documentation, service request ticket generation and trouble-shooting tools. All of this, and more, is available at:

http://support.adtran.com

When needed, further post-sales assistance is available by calling our Technical Support Center. Please have your unit serial number available when you call.

Technical Support (888) 4ADTRAN

Installation and Maintenance Support

The ADTRAN Custom Extended Servic es (ACES) progr am of fer s multipl e type s and l evels of in stall ation and maintenance services which allow you to choose the kind of assistance you need. This support is available at:

http://www.adtran.com/aces

For questi ons, call the ACES Help Desk.

ACES Help Desk (888) 874-ACES (2237)

Training

The Enterprise Network (EN) Technical Training Departme nt offer s training on our most pop ular products. These courses include overviews on product features and functions while covering applications of ADTRAN's product lines. ADTRAN provides a variety of training options, including customized training and courses taught at our fac iliti es or at your sit e. For more infor mation ab out tr aining , ple ase cont act you r Territory Manager or the Enterprise Training Coordinator.

Training Phone (800) 615-1176, ext. 7500 Training Fax (256) 963-6700 Training Email training@adtran.com

Radio Frequency Interface Statement

This equipment has been tested and found t o c omply with the limits f or an intentional radi ato r, pursuant to Part 15, Subpart C of the FCC Rules. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy. If not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, it may cause interference to radio communications.

The limits are desig ned to provide r easonable protecti on against such inter ference i n a residen tial sit uation. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment on and off, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna of the affected radio or television.

• Increase the separation between the equipment and the affected receiver.

• Connect the equipment and the affected receiver to power outlets on separate circuits.

• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

Changes or modifications not expressl y approved by ADTRAN coul d void the user’ s authority to operate the equipment.

FCC Output Power Restrictions

The FCC does not require licensing to implement this device. It is the responsibility of the individuals designing and implement ing the radio sys tem to ass ure compliance wi th these and an y other pe rtinent FCC Rules and Regulations. This device must be professionally installed.

Exposure to Radio Frequency Fields

The TRACER 4205 is designed to operate at 5.725 to 5.850 GHz with 100 mW maximum transmit power.

This level of RF energy is below the Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) levels specified in FCC OET 65:97-01. The installation of high gain antenna equipment in the system configuration may create the opportunity for exposure to levels higher than recommended for the general population at a distance less than 15 feet (4.6 meter) from the center of the antenna. The following preca utions must be ta ken durin g installati on of this equipment:

• The installe d antenna must not be loc ated in a manner t hat all ows exposur e of th e gener al popul ation to the direct b eam path of the antenna at a d istance less than 15 feet (4.6 meters). Installation on towers, masts, or rooftops not accessible to the general population is recommended; or

• Mount the antenna in a manner that prevents any personnel from entering the area within 15 feet (4.6 meter) from the front of the antenna.

• It is recommended that the installer place radio frequency hazard warnings signs on the barrier that prevents access to the antenna.

• Prior to installing the antenna to the TRACER 4205 output, make sure the power is adjusted to the settings specified in section 2 of this manual.

• During antenna installation, be sure that power to the TRACER equipment is turned off in order to prevent any energy presence on the coaxial connector.

• During installation and alignment of the antenna, do not stand in front of the antenna assembly.

• During installation and alignment of the antenna, do not handle or touch the front of the antenna.

These simple precautions must be taken to prevent general population and installation personnel from exposure to RF energy in excess of specified MPE levels.

4205 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

This section of ADTRAN’s TRACER 4205 System manual is designed for use by network engineers, planners, and designers for overview information about the TRACER 4205.

It contains general information and describes physical and operational concepts, network relationships, provisioning, testi ng, alarm status , and system monitoring. This se ction shou ld be used in con junction wi th Section 2, Engineering Gu ide li nes , of the system manual.

CONTENTS

System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Features and Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Configuration and Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Operational . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Section 1, System Description TRACER 4205 System Manual

1. SYSTEM OVERVIEW

The ADTRAN TRACER® 4205 wireless data system provides transparent extension of DS3 circuits over wireless links for up to 25 miles (l ine-of-sight path required ). As aut hor ize d under Part 15.247 of the FCC Rules, the TRACER 4205 operates license-free in the 5.8 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band requiring no FCC licensing of end users.

For configuration and testing, the TRACER 4205 provides the capability to control the remote TRACER 4205 through a separate maintenance channel. The TRACER 4205 has several built-in test capabilities including remote loopback. Complete configuration and performance data is available through menus accessed using a standard RS-232 terminal interface.

2. FEATURES AND BENEFITS

The following is a brief list of TRACER 4205 features and benefits:

Configuration and Management

• Easy to use VT100 control port (RS-232 interface) for configuration and monitoring

• Remote configuration

Operational

• Transparent DS3 transmission over digital microwave link

• No license required per FCC Rules Part 15.247

• Frequency: 5.725 to 5.850 GHz

• Point-to-point, up to 25 miles

• 1-U high unit for easy rack-mounting

MICROWAV E P A TH ENGINEERING B ASICS

CONTENTS

Line-of-site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Decibels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Receiver Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Path Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Antenna Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Antenna Beam Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Fresnel Zones, Earth Curvature, & Antenna Heights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Coaxial Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Receiver Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Fade Margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Path Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

FIGURES

Figure 1. Example Microwave Path with Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Figure 2. Typical Antenna Beam Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

TABLES

Table 1. Path Loss for Given Path Lengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Table 2. Minimum Antenna Height for Given Path Lengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Table 3. Typical Coaxial Loss for Common Cable Types, per 100ft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Section 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics TRACER 4205 System Manual

1. LINE-OF-SITE

The TRACER 4205 system is designed for operation in the 5725 MHz to 5850 MHz license-free industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band. Radio wave propagation in this band exhibits microwave characteristics, which are ideally suited for point-to-point, line-of-sight communications. Line-of-sight essentially requires that the transmitting antenna and receiving antenna are able to “see” each other, and that the straight-line path between the two antennas is free of any obstructions, such as buildings, trees, mountains, and, in longer paths, even the curvature of the earth.

Point-to-Point Wireless communication from a single site to another

individual site. Contrast with point-to-multipoint

Line-of-Sight An unobstructed, direct path exists between the

transmitting and the receiving antennas.

2. DECIBELS

The received signal power equation is often expressed in a decibel (dB) format, which turns the power multiplication and division operations into addition and subtraction operations. In general, any quantity can be expressed in decibels. If the quantity (x) is a power level, the decibel equivalent is defined as

If the quant ity x is referenced to a milliwatt (mW), then the decibel-milliwatt (dBm) is used instead of a generic decibel.

dBm

10 log10x()⋅=

10 log

⋅=



------------ -



1mW

(dB)

(dBm)

3. RECEIVER POWER

The radio frequency (RF) sig nal power that is availa ble at the in put to the rec eiving TRACE R 4205 system is the next parameter of interest in analyzing a wireless path. The TRACER 4205 has a maximum output power level of 100 mW, which is equivalent to 20 dBm. This output signal will be at tenuat ed and disto rted by various factors , all of which wi ll degr ade the origi nal si gnal an d af f ect th e signa l str ength an d quali ty as sensed by the receiving unit. A simplified power budget analysis is beneficial to perform after verifying a suitable line-of-sight path to determine if the microwave path is suitable, even for ideal, non-distorted signals.

The equation relating received signal power to the other microwave parameters is

PTGTG

--------------------------4π()2d2L

(watts, W)

TRACER 4205 System Manual Section 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics

where the variables in the equation are defined as

received power (Watts) transmitted power (100 mW (max) for TRACER 4205 - adjustable) transmit antenna gain receive antenna gain

λ carrier wavelength (c / ƒ) (meters) d path distance (meters) L other losses (RF coaxial cable, etc.)

The actual transmi t and recei ve antenn a gain valu es are str ictly de pendent upo n the phy sical cha racterist ics of the antennas installed for each link. Typical gains are between 20 and 40 dB. For example, a 4 foot diameter Parabolic di sh has 34 .2 dB of gai n at 5.8 GHz. The c arrier waveleng th is t he physi cal wav elength of the main RF carrier bei ng us ed f or co mmun ication, and is usually approxi mat ed at the cent er frequency of the band, which is 5787.5 MHz. This gives a wavelength of 5.18 cm.

The path distance is simply the physical distance between the transmit and receive antennas. For the TRACER 4205 these distances can range up to 25 miles. The final parameter L incorporates all other signal power losses in the microwave link, most of which are caused by antenna feed.

Section 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics TRACER 4205 System Manual

4. PATH LOSS

The expression

4πd



--------- -



4πdf



----------- -



(dB)

where

f carrier frequency (Hz)

λ carrier wavelength (c / f) (meters) d path distance (meters) c speed of light, free-space (meters)

is called the path los s, and incr eases rapidl y as eithe r path le ngth inc rease s or carr ier wavel ength decr eases (which happens as the carrier frequency increases). So, longer microwave paths will naturally experience more path loss than shorter paths. Likewise, higher frequency microwave communication will experience more path loss than lower frequency microwave communication.

Table 1 tabulate s pa th loss values for various path lengths for the TRACE R 4205 syst em. Values not lis te d in the table can be interpolated from those listed.

Table 1. Path Loss for Given Path Lengths

Path Length

(miles)

1112 2118 3121 4124 5126 6127 7129 8130

9131 10 132 11 133 12 133 13 134 14 135 15 135 16 136 17 136 18 137 19 137

Path Loss

(dB)

TRACER 4205 System Manual Section 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics

Table 1. Path Loss for Given Path Lengths

Path Length

(miles)

20 138 21 138 22 139 23 139 24 139 25 140

Path Loss

(dB)

When using decibel notation, the received power equation becomes

4πdf



PTGTGRL– 20 · log

–++

----------- -



(dBm)

PTGTGRL– LP–++=

Where, in the second equation the path loss has been lumped into a single quantity, L

(dBm)

, as discussed

previously. When using decibel notation, it is necessary that all quantities are individually converted to decibels prior to performing addition and subtraction.

When d is express ed in miles and f in GHz, the pa th loss expression in decib els becomes

96.6 20 log10d() 20·log+

f()⋅+=

(dB)

Figure 1 illustrates a wireless link containing all of the parameters previously discussed.

+ 39 hidden pages

Adtran TRC4205 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Trademarks

About this Manual

Federal Communications Commission Radio Frequency Interference Statement

Warranty and Customer Service

Customer Service, Product Support Information, and Training

4205 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

1. SYSTEM OVERVIEW

2. FEATURES AND BENEFITS

Configuration and Management

Operational

MICROWAV E P A TH ENGINEERING B ASICS

1. LINE-OF-SITE

2. DECIBELS

3. RECEIVER POWER

4. PATH LOSS