ADTRAN Express XL, Express XLT User Manual
Express XL and Express XLT
61200070L1-1B
October 1998
ISDN Router/Bridge
USER MANUAL
Express XL, Data Only 1200070L1
Express XLT with POTS Option 1200070L2
Trademark:
DMS-100 is a trademark of Northern Telecom, Inc.
Ethernet is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation, Intel Corporation, and Xerox Corporation.
ExpertISDN (patent number 5,715,241) is a trademark of ADTRAN, Inc.
Macintosh is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.
Novell, NetWare, and Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) are registered trademarks
of Novell, Inc.
Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
5ESS is a registered trademark of AT&T.
The Express XL and Express XLT incorporate Synchronous Data Compression based
on either IBM or hi/fn proprietary intellectual property depending on the time of
manufacture. The following trademarks and copyrights are applicable:
Stacker LZS Compression
Copyright © 1989 Carnegie Mellon University
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted provided that the
above copyright notice and this paragraph are duplicated in all such forms and that
any documentation, advertising materials, and other materials related to such distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed by Carnegie Mellon
University. The name of the University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission. This software is provided “as is” and without any express or implied warranties, including,
without limitation, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.
hi/fn
5993 Avenida Encinas
Carlsbad, CA
901 Explorer Boulevard
P.O. Box 140000
Huntsville, AL 35814-4000
Phone: (256) 963-8000
© 1998 ADTRAN, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Printed in USA.
FCC regulations require that the following information be provided in this manual:
1. If this equipment causes harm to the telephone network, the telephone company
may temporarily discontinue service. If possible, advance notification is given; otherwise, notification is given as soon as possible. The telephone company will advise
the customer of the right to file a complaint with the FCC.
2. The telephone company may make changes in its facilities, equipment, operations,
or procedures that could affect the proper operation of this equipment; advance notification and the opportunity to maintain uninterrupted service are given.
3. If experiencing difficulty with this equipment, please contact ADTRAN (see inside
back cover) for repair and warranty information. The telephone company may require this equipment to be disconnected from the network until the problem is corrected, or it is certain the equipment is not malfunctioning.
4. This unit contains no user serviceable parts.
To ADTRAN service personnel: For continued protection against risk of fire,
replace F1 with the same type and rating of fuse only: .2A, 250 V.
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STATEMENT
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide
reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential environment. This
equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed
and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio
or TV reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on. The
user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following
measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to
which the receiver is connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
Changes or modifications to this unit not expressly approved by ADTRAN will void
the user's authority to operate the equipment.
CANADIAN EMISSIONS REQUIREMENTS
This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise emissions from
digital apparatus as set out in the interference-causing equipment standard entitled
"Digital Apparatus," ICES-003 of the Department of Communications.
Cet appareil nuerique respecte les limites de bruits radioelectriques applicables aux
appareils numeriques de Class B prescrites dans la norme sur le materiel brouilleur:
"Appareils Numeriques," NMB-003 edictee par le ministre des Communications.
CANADIAN EQUIPMENT LIMITATIONS
Notice: The Canadian Industry and Science Canada label identifies certified equipment. This certification means that the equipment meets certain telecommunications
network protective, operational, and safety requirements. The Department does not
guarantee the equipment will operate to the user’s satisfaction.
Before installing this equipment, ensure that it is permissible to be connected to the facilities of the local telecommunications company. The equipment must also be installed using an acceptable method of connection. In some cases, the company’s inside
wiring associated with a single-line individual service may be extended by means of a
certified connector assembly (telephone extension cord). Compliance with the above
conditions may not prevent degradation of service in some situations.
Repairs to certified equipment should be made by an authorized Canadian maintenance facility designated by the supplier. Any repairs or alterations made by the user
to this equipment, or equipment malfunctions, may give the telecommunications company cause to request the user to disconnect the equipment.
Users should ensure for their own protection that the electrical ground connections of
the power utility, telephone lines, and internal metallic water pipe system, if present,
are connected together. This precaution may be particularly important in rural areas.
Users should not attempt to make such connections themselves, but should contact the
appropriate electric inspection authority, or an electrician, as appropriate.
The Load Number (LN) assigned to each terminal device denotes the percentage of the
total load to be connected to a telephone loop which is used by the device, to prevent
overloading. The termination on a loop may consist of any combination of devices
subject only to the requirement that the total of the Load Numbers of all devices does
not exceed 100.
Table of Contents
Quick Startup Guide ........................................................................................................ 1
Setting up the ISDN Line ..................................................................................................1
Connecting to an Internet Service Provider ...................................................................2
Multiprotocol Routing Between Two LANs .................................................................. 3
Chapter 1. Understanding ISDN and the Express XL/XLT ....................................... 7
ISDN Overview .................................................................................................................. 7
THE EXPRESS XL/XLT..................................................................................................... 7
Applications ................................................................................................................. 8
Single User to Corporate LAN........................................................................... 8
Single User IP to Internet Service Provider (ISP) using
Network Address Translation (NAT)............................................................... 9
Multiple Users to Internet Service Provider (ISP) using NAT...................... 10
Small Office - Home Office (SOHO) to Corporate LAN................................ 11
Demand Routing and Bridging with the Express XL/XLT................................... 12
Factory Default..................................................................................................... 12
Bridging................................................................................................................. 13
IP Routing ............................................................................................................. 14
IPX Routing........................................................................................................... 15
Connection List - Simplifying and Enhancing the Dial Function................. 15
Concurrent Routing And Bridging ........................................................................... 15
Routing over PPP Bridging........................................................................................ 15
Network Address Translation Mode........................................................................ 16
Front Panel.................................................................................................................... 16
LAN Indicators..................................................................................................... 16
WAN Indicators ................................................................................................... 17
Test Indicators ...................................................................................................... 17
Pushbutton Tests.................................................................................................. 17
ISDN Connection......................................................................................................... 18
Ordering ISDN............................................................................................................. 19
Interoperability ............................................................................................................ 19
Connecting to the Internet.......................................................................................... 19
Configuration............................................................................................................... 20
Security.......................................................................................................................... 20
Chapter 2. Installation...................................................................................................... 21
ISDN Network Connection............................................................................................... 21
Local Area Network Connection ..................................................................................... 21
Telephone Connection (XLT Only).................................................................................. 22
Basic Telephone Service.............................................................................................. 22
Supplementary Services ............................................................................................. 22
DTMF Keypad.............................................................................................................. 22
Customer Premises Wiring ........................................................................................ 23
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Table of Contents
Chapter 3. Terminal Menu Operation and Structure ................................................. 27
Terminal Menu Structure.................................................................................................. 27
Configuration ............................................................................................................... 27
Dial................................................................................................................................. 27
Status ............................................................................................................................. 29
Test................................................................................................................................. 29
Logs................................................................................................................................ 29
Utilities .......................................................................................................................... 29
Navigating the Terminal Menus ...................................................................................... 30
General Layout............................................................................................................. 30
Menu Path..................................................................................................................... 30
Moving Around ........................................................................................................... 30
Submenus [+] or [DATA]............................................................................. 30
Activation Field <+> ..................................................................................... 30
Editable Data Field........................................................................................ 30
Read-Only Field............................................................................................. 30
Navigation with the Keyboard.................................................................... 31
Security Levels ............................................................................................................. 33
Configuration Menu .......................................................................................................... 34
Configuration/System Info........................................................................................ 34
System Name........................................................................................................ 34
System Location ................................................................................................... 34
System Contact..................................................................................................... 35
Firmware Revision............................................................................................... 35
System Uptime ..................................................................................................... 35
Date/Time............................................................................................................. 35
Configuration/WAN .................................................................................................. 36
WAN/ISDN.......................................................................................................... 36
ISDN/Dial Line ............................................................................................. 36
Dial Line/ExpertISDN .......................................................................... 36
Dial Line/Switch Protocol ..................................................................... 37
Dial Line/Area Code ............................................................................. 37
Dial Line/SPID 1..................................................................................... 37
Dial Line/LDN 1 or 2 ............................................................................. 38
ISDN/Leased Line ........................................................................................ 38
Leased Line/Clock Mode ..................................................................... 38
Leased Line/Channel Rate .................................................................... 38
ISDN/NEBEs ................................................................................................. 38
ISDN/FEBEs .................................................................................................. 39
WAN/POTS.......................................................................................................... 39
POTS/POTS Assignment............................................................................. 39
POTS/NI-1 Conference FI............................................................................ 39
POTS/NI-1 Transfer FI................................................................................. 39
POTS/Speech Calltype Routing.................................................................. 39
Configuration/IP......................................................................................................... 40
IP/IP Address....................................................................................................... 40
IP/Subnet Mask ................................................................................................... 40
IP/Default Gateway ............................................................................................ 41
Express XL/XLT User Manual 61200070L1-1
IP/Static Routes ................................................................................................... 41
Static Routes/Active..................................................................................... 41
Static Routes/IP Address............................................................................. 41
Static Routes/Subnet Mask.......................................................................... 41
Static Routes/Gateway................................................................................. 41
Static Routes/Hops....................................................................................... 41
Static Routes/Private.................................................................................... 42
IP/IP Router ......................................................................................................... 42
IP Router/Mode ............................................................................................ 42
IP/RIP ............................................................................................................. 42
RIP/Mode ............................................................................................... 42
RIP/Protocol ........................................................................................... 42
RIP/Method............................................................................................. 43
RIP/Direction.......................................................................................... 43
RIP/V2 Secret ......................................................................................... 43
IP/NAT ................................................................................................................. 43
NAT/DHCP Mode ....................................................................................... 43
NAT/DHCP Renewal Time ........................................................................ 44
NAT/Web Server.......................................................................................... 44
IP/DNS.................................................................................................................. 44
DNS/Domain Name..................................................................................... 44
DNS/Server 1 ................................................................................................ 44
DNS/Server 2 ................................................................................................ 44
IP/UDP Relay....................................................................................................... 45
UDP Relay/Mode ......................................................................................... 45
UDP Relay/UDP Relay List......................................................................... 45
UDP Relay List/Relay Address............................................................ 45
UDP Relay List/UDP Port Type .......................................................... 45
UDP Relay List/UDP Port 1, UDP Port 2, UDP Port 3 .................... 45
IP/Proxy ARP ...................................................................................................... 46
Configuration/IPX ...................................................................................................... 47
IPX/Mode ............................................................................................................. 47
IPX/Network........................................................................................................ 47
IPX/Frame Type .................................................................................................. 48
IPX/Seed Status ................................................................................................... 48
IPX/RIP Timer ..................................................................................................... 48
IPX/SAP Timer .................................................................................................... 49
Configuration/Bridge................................................................................................. 50
Bridge/Mode........................................................................................................ 50
Bridge/WAN IP Bridge ...................................................................................... 50
WAN IP Bridge/Network ........................................................................... 51
WAN IP Bridge/Netmask ........................................................................... 51
WAN IP Bridge/Triggered.......................................................................... 51
WAN IP Bridge/Proxy ARP........................................................................ 51
Bridge/WAN IPX Bridge ................................................................................... 51
WAN IPX Bridge/Network......................................................................... 52
WAN IPX Bridge/Frame Type ................................................................... 52
WAN IPX Bridge/Seed Status .................................................................... 52
WAN IPX Bridge/Triggered ....................................................................... 52
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Table of Contents
Bridge/Spanning Tree......................................................................................... 52
Spanning Tree/Mode ................................................................................... 52
Spanning Tree/Priority ................................................................................ 53
Spanning Tree/Maximum Age................................................................... 53
Spanning Tree/Hello Time.......................................................................... 53
Spanning Tree/Forward Delay................................................................... 53
Spanning Tree/LAN Port ............................................................................ 53
LAN Port/Active ................................................................................... 53
LAN Port/Path Cost............................................................................... 54
LAN Port/Priority ................................................................................. 54
Spanning Tree/WAN Port 0........................................................................ 54
WAN Port 0/Active................................................................................ 54
WAN Port 0/Path Cost ......................................................................... 54
WAN Port 0/Priority ............................................................................. 54
Spanning Tree/WAN Port 1........................................................................ 54
WAN Port 1/Active................................................................................ 55
WAN Port 1/Path Cost .......................................................................... 55
WAN Port 1/Priority.............................................................................. 55
Bridge/Address Table......................................................................................... 55
Address Table/Aging................................................................................... 55
Address Table/Forward Policy................................................................... 55
Configuration/Security .............................................................................................. 56
Security/Authentication..................................................................................... 56
Security/When..................................................................................................... 57
Security/Radius Server....................................................................................... 57
Radius Server/Primary Server.................................................................... 57
Radius Server/Secondary Server................................................................ 57
Radius Server/UDP Port.............................................................................. 57
Radius Server/Secret .................................................................................... 57
Radius Server/Retry Count......................................................................... 58
Security/PPP ........................................................................................................ 58
Security/Filter Defines........................................................................................ 59
Filter Defines /MAC Filter Defines ............................................................ 59
Filter Defines /Pattern Filter Defines......................................................... 60
Filter Defines /IP Filter Defines .................................................................. 60
Filter Defines /IPX Filter Defines................................................................ 61
Configuration/Connection List................................................................................. 63
Connection List/Description.............................................................................. 64
Connection List/Active....................................................................................... 64
Connection List/Authentication........................................................................ 64
Authentication/Tx Method ......................................................................... 65
Authentication/Tx Username ..................................................................... 66
Authentication/Tx Password...................................................................... 66
Authentication/Rx Username..................................................................... 66
Authentication/Rx Password...................................................................... 66
Authentication/Caller ID............................................................................. 66
Authentication/Call ID 1 ............................................................................. 67
Authentication/Call ID 2 ............................................................................. 67
Express XL/XLT User Manual 61200070L1-1
Table of Contents
Connection List/IP .............................................................................................. 67
IP/Mode ......................................................................................................... 67
IP/NAT........................................................................................................... 67
IP/Route......................................................................................................... 67
Route/IP/Net ......................................................................................... 68
Route/Netmask ...................................................................................... 68
Route/Static Route ................................................................................. 68
Route/Private ......................................................................................... 68
Route/Hops ............................................................................................ 68
Route/Force IP........................................................................................ 68
IP/RIP ............................................................................................................. 69
RIP/Mode ................................................................................................ 69
RIP/Protocol ........................................................................................... 69
RIP/Method............................................................................................. 69
RIP/Direction.......................................................................................... 69
RIP/Triggered ........................................................................................ 69
RIP/Retain ............................................................................................... 70
Connection List/IPX ........................................................................................... 70
IPX/Mode....................................................................................................... 70
IPX/Remote Network .................................................................................. 70
IPX/Triggered ............................................................................................... 70
IPX/Retain ..................................................................................................... 71
IPX/Type 20 Packets..................................................................................... 71
Connection List/Bridge ...................................................................................... 72
Bridge/Mode ................................................................................................. 72
Connection List/Probe........................................................................................ 72
Probe/Active ................................................................................................. 72
Probe/Interval............................................................................................... 72
Probe/Update Window ............................................................................... 73
Connection List/PPP........................................................................................... 73
PPP/Multilink ............................................................................................... 73
Multilink/Mode ..................................................................................... 73
Multilink/Fragment ............................................................................... 73
Multilink/BACP ..................................................................................... 73
PPP/Compression......................................................................................... 74
PPP/VJ Compression ................................................................................... 74
PPP/Max Config ........................................................................................... 74
PPP/Max Timer............................................................................................. 74
PPP/Max Failure........................................................................................... 75
Connection List/Dial Out................................................................................... 75
Dial Out/Number 1...................................................................................... 75
Dial Out/Number 2...................................................................................... 75
Dial Out/Call Type....................................................................................... 75
Dial Out/Redial at 56K ................................................................................ 76
Dial Out/Delay.............................................................................................. 76
Dial Out/Connection Timeout.................................................................... 76
Dial Out/Attempts ....................................................................................... 76
Dial Out/Initial Channels............................................................................ 77
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Table of Contents
Connection List/Bandwidth .............................................................................. 77
Bandwidth/On Demand.............................................................................. 77
Bandwidth/Mode................................................................................... 77
Bandwidth/Idle Timeout....................................................................... 77
Bandwidth/Preempt Time ................................................................... 77
Bandwidth/Upper Threshold............................................................... 78
Bandwidth/Lower Threshold............................................................... 78
Bandwidth/Min Channels .................................................................... 78
Bandwidth/Max Channels.................................................................... 78
Bandwidth/Samples..................................................................................... 78
Samples/Sample Rate ............................................................................ 78
Samples/Samples.................................................................................... 78
Samples/Time Between Changes......................................................... 79
Connection List/Filters....................................................................................... 79
Filters/WAN-to-LAN (In)............................................................................ 79
Filters/In Exceptions..................................................................................... 80
Filters/LAN-to-WAN (Out) ........................................................................ 80
Filters/Out Exceptions ................................................................................. 81
Filters/Demand Dial..................................................................................... 81
Filters/Dem Dial Exceptions ....................................................................... 82
Configuration/Management ..................................................................................... 83
Management/Telnet............................................................................................ 83
Telnet/Server Access .................................................................................... 83
Telnet/User List............................................................................................. 84
User List/Name....................................................................................... 84
User List/Authen Method..................................................................... 84
User List/Password................................................................................ 84
User List/Idle Time ................................................................................ 84
User List/Level........................................................................................ 84
Management/SNMP ........................................................................................... 85
SNMP Access ................................................................................................. 85
SNMP/Communities.................................................................................... 85
Communities/Name ............................................................................. 85
Communities/Privilege ......................................................................... 85
Communities/Manager IP..................................................................... 85
SNMP/Traps.................................................................................................. 85
Traps/Manager Name ........................................................................... 86
Traps/Manager IP .................................................................................. 86
Management/Maint Port.................................................................................... 86
Maint Port/Password Protect...................................................................... 86
Maint Port/Password ................................................................................... 86
Maint Port/Baud Rate .................................................................................. 86
Maint Port/Data Bits .................................................................................... 86
Maint Port/Parity.......................................................................................... 87
Maint Port/Stop Bits..................................................................................... 87
Configuration/Terminal Mode ................................................................................. 87
Express XL/XLT User Manual 61200070L1-1
Table of Contents
Dial Menu............................................................................................................................ 88
Dial/Description.......................................................................................................... 88
Dial/Dial....................................................................................................................... 88
Dial/Hang Up.............................................................................................................. 89
Dial/Status ................................................................................................................... 89
Dial/Channels.............................................................................................................. 89
Dial/Number 1 ............................................................................................................ 89
Dial/Number 2 ............................................................................................................ 89
Status Menu ........................................................................................................................ 90
Status/Call Sessions.................................................................................................... 90
Call Sessions/Session1 and Call Sessions/Session2....................................... 91
Call Sessions/Spanning Tree ............................................................................. 92
Status/ARP Cache....................................................................................................... 92
Status/Bridge Table .................................................................................................... 93
Status/IP Routes.......................................................................................................... 93
Status/IPX Routes ....................................................................................................... 94
Status/IPX Servers ...................................................................................................... 95
Status/WAN Stats....................................................................................................... 95
Status/LAN Stats ........................................................................................................ 96
Status/IP Stats.............................................................................................................. 96
Test Menu............................................................................................................................ 98
Test Menu/Echo Request........................................................................................... 98
Test Menu/Dial Self.................................................................................................... 98
Logs Menu........................................................................................................................... 99
Logs/Sys log Host....................................................................................................... 99
Logs/PPP Log.............................................................................................................. 99
PPP Log/Active ................................................................................................... 100
PPP Log/Wrap..................................................................................................... 100
PPP Log/Level..................................................................................................... 100
PPP Log/View ..................................................................................................... 100
PPP Log/Clear ..................................................................................................... 100
Logs/Call Log.............................................................................................................. 100
Call Log/Active ................................................................................................... 100
Call Log/Wrap..................................................................................................... 101
Call Log/Level ..................................................................................................... 101
Call Log/View...................................................................................................... 101
Call Log/Clear ..................................................................................................... 101
Logs/Network Log ..................................................................................................... 101
Network Log/Active........................................................................................... 101
Network Log/Wrap ............................................................................................ 101
Network Log/Level ............................................................................................ 102
Network Log/View............................................................................................. 102
Network Log/Clear............................................................................................. 102
Utilities Menu ..................................................................................................................... 103
Utilities/Ping ............................................................................................................... 103
Utilities/Telnet Client................................................................................................. 104
Utilities/Upgrade Menu ............................................................................................ 104
Upgrade/Transfer Method ................................................................................ 104
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Table of Contents
Upgrade/TFTP Host ........................................................................................... 104
Upgrade/Filename .............................................................................................. 104
Upgrade/Status.................................................................................................... 104
Upgrade/Start Transfer ...................................................................................... 105
Upgrade/Abort Transfer .................................................................................... 105
Upgrade/TFTP Server......................................................................................... 105
Utilities/Exit................................................................................................................. 105
Chapter 4. Troubleshooting............................................................................................. 107
If Self Test Fails ................................................................................................................... 107
If the Express XL/XLT Does Not Read Ready............................................................... 107
If You are Unable to Connect Calls.................................................................................. 113
Chapter 5. Specifications ................................................................................................. 115
Specifications and Features............................................................................................... 115
Network Interface.......................................................................................... 115
Ethernet Interface (LAN).............................................................................. 115
Switch Compatibility .................................................................................... 115
POTS Interface ............................................................................................... 115
Display ............................................................................................................ 116
Environmental ............................................................................................... 116
Physical ........................................................................................................... 116
Power............................................................................................................... 116
Appendix A. Loop Status Messages .............................................................................. 117
Appendix B. Log Messages.............................................................................................. 121
Appendix C. SNMP........................................................................................................... 139
Appendix D. Connector Pinouts .................................................................................... 143
Appendix E. Terminal Mode Commands..................................................................... 145
Glossary............................................................................................................................... 149
Acronyms ............................................................................................................................ 159
Index .................................................................................................................................... 161
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Express XL/XLT User Manual 61200070L1-1
List of Figures
Figure 1-1: Express XL/XLT.................................................................................... 7
Figure 1-2: Single User to Corporate LAN ............................................................ 8
Figure 1-3: Single User to Internet Service Provider............................................ 9
Figure 1-4: Multiple User to Internet Service Provider........................................ 10
Figure 1-5: SOHO to Corporate LAN..................................................................... 11
Figure 1-6: Express XL/XLT LEDs ......................................................................... 17
Figure 1-7: Express XL/XLT Rear Panels .............................................................. 18
Figure 2-1: Wiring Scheme 1.................................................................................... 24
Figure 2-2: Wiring Scheme 2.................................................................................... 25
Figure 3-1: Top Level Terminal Menu.................................................................... 28
Figure 3-2: Configuration/System Info Screen..................................................... 34
Figure 3-3: Configuration/WAN Screen ............................................................... 36
Figure 3-4: Configuration/IP Screen ...................................................................... 40
Figure 3-5: Configuration/IPX Screen ................................................................... 47
Figure 3-6: Configuration/Bridge Screen .............................................................. 50
Figure 3-7: Configuration/Security Screen ........................................................... 56
Figure 3-8: Configuration/Connection List Screen.............................................. 63
Figure 3-9: Configuration/Management Screen................................................... 83
Figure 3-10: Dial Screen.............................................................................................. 88
Figure 3-11: Status Screen........................................................................................... 90
Figure 3-12: Test Screen.............................................................................................. 98
Figure 3-13: Logs Screen............................................................................................. 99
Figure 3-14: Utilities Screen .......................................................................................103
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List of Figures
x
Express XL/XLT User Manual 61200070L1-1
List of Tables
Table 2-A: Using the Flash-Hook ...........................................................................22
Table 4-A: Troubleshooting Calls........................................................................... 113
Table D-A: IBM/AT Style EIA-232 Interface......................................................... 143
Table D-B: RJ-45 ISDN BRI U .................................................................................. 143
Table D-C: RJ-11 POTS..............................................................................................144
Table D-D: 10BaseT Ethernet ...................................................................................144
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List of Tables
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Express XL/XLT User Manual 61200070L1-1
SETTING UP THE ISDN LINE
Quick Startup Guide
Before configuring the Express XL/XLT, ensure that the telephone service has
provided the switch type, service profile identification (SPID), and local direc-
tory number (LDN).
Example: Switch Type National ISDN-1
SPID1 20555512120100
SPID2 20555512130100
LDN1 5551212
LDN2 5551213
1. Connect a VT 100 async terminal, or personal computer with a terminal
emulator running 9600 N-8-1, to the
2. Hold down the Control key and press R ; then press Enter to display the
top menu.
3. Using the arrow keys and Enter key to navigate the menu, go to the Con-
figuration/WAN/ISDN/Dial Line menu. Enter the SPIDs, LDNs, and
switch type.
4. Use the left arrow key or the
When asked to save ISDN parameters, type y .
5. Connect the ISDN line to the RJ-45 jack labeled ISDN BRI U on the rear
panel.
6. When the Loop LED remains solid, the Express XL/XLT is ready for calling.
7. If using a POTS Phone with the Express XLT, connect the POTS telephone
to the POTS port.
Escape key to go back up the menu tree.
MAINTENANCE port.
If the SPID(s) does not work or is unknown, try activating the ExpertISDN ™ feature.
First enter the area code and local directory number(s); then press the Enter key over
the ExpertISDN activator.
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Quick Startup Guide
CONNECTING TO AN INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER
Internet Access using Network Address Translation (NAT)
1. Connect the 10BaseT cable from the PC’s network card to the Express XL/
XLT. Select TO NIC on the Express XL/XLT back panel.
2. Go to the Configuration/Connection List menu, and then press the right
arrow key to place the cursor on the
3. Type I to insert a new Connection List entry.
4. Using the arrow keys, move the cursor over the Num column for the inserted entry. Press Enter to place the subentries into the right pane.
5. Set the Description to an identifiable name (i.e., ISP).
6. Go into the Authentication field and select PAP or CHAP for the Tx
Method .
7. Enter your user name and password (provided by your ISP) into the Tx
Username and Tx Password fields.
8. Move the cursor to the left pane and highlight the IP parameters.
9. Set the NAT item to Yes . This is a very important step. The Express XL/
XLT will need to translate the “fake” IP address(es) on the PC(s) to the “real” address provided dynamically by the ISP. See IP/NAT on page 43 for
more details.
10. All other IP parameters should be left at their default settings. Navigate
over to the Dial Out parameters.
11. Enter the number into Number 1 . If configured for two B-channel (PPP
Multilink) by the ISP, enter Number 2 if it exists and set Initial Channels
to 2 .
12. Arrow left until the message Save Connection List Changes appears.
Type y to save.
13. Go to the Configuration/IP menu and enter an IP address and net mask
into the IP Address and Subnet Mask fields. The factory default setting
will work just as well (10.0.0.1, 255.255.255.0).
14. Go into the Configuration/IP/NAT submenu and set DHCP Mode to On .
15. Arrow left to save the configuration.
16. Go into the Dia l menu.
17. Set the cursor over the Dial parameter for the Connection List profile you
just set up.
18. Press Enter ; the Express XL/XLT will start dialing.
Num column.
Express XL/XLT User Manual 61200070L1-1
Quick Startup Guide
19. If the call is successful, the
Status column will read active . If not, make
sure the number(s) are correct or reference Chapter 4 on page 107 (the troubleshooting chapter) before going on to the next step.
20. Once the call is up, the PC must generate a DHCP request to obtain the IP
parameters needed to get on the Internet. Refer to your PC’s user manual
or help screen.
MULTIPROTOCOL ROUTING BETWEEN TWO LANS
Remote/Home Office Accessing the Corporate LAN
The following steps can be used to set up the Express XL/XLT on a remote
LAN to access a corporate or central LAN using demand dial and dynamic
bandwidth management.
1. Connect the 10BaseT cable from the hub to the Express XL/XLT. Select
TO HUB on the Express XL/XLT back panel. The LI indicator should be
illuminated.
2. Set the IP address and Subnet Mask assigned by the network administra-
tor in the Configuration/IP menu.
3. For the Default Gateway , enter the IP address of the access server at the
remote site. This creates a default route in the IP routing table that will be
used with the dial-on-demand feature in the Express XL/XLT.
4. Use the arrow keys to get to the Configuration/IPX menu. Set the Net-
work value to the IPX network supplied by the network administrator.
Set the Seed Status to Seed . Arrow left and save the changes with a y
when prompted.
5. Move to the Configuration/Connection List . Use the arrow keys to move
the cursor over the
6. Move the cursor over the Description field and press Enter. A pop up
window appears in which to enter a name for this Connection List profile.
7. Move the cursor over the Authentication menu and press Return. This
will place the authentication parameters into the right pane.
8. Enter the username and password under Tx Username and Tx Password.
These items should be provided by the administrator at the site being
dialed.
9. Use the down arrow to display the IP menu parameters in the right pane.
10. Move the cursor over the Route menu and press Return.
Num column. Type I to insert a new entry.
61200070L1-1 Express XL/XLT User Manual
3
Quick Startup Guide
11. Enter the IP address and Netmask parameters of the access server at the
remote site. This creates a static route to the access server’s network which
is entered into the Express XL/XLT’s IP route table.
12. Move the cursor over the RIP menu. Check with the network administrator for the type of routing protocol used. The Express XL/XLT supports
RIP versions 1 and 2. The protocol is set in the Protocol parameter.
13. Select Yes for the Triggered parameter. This will prevent periodic RIP updates that keep the ISDN link from going “idle.”
14. Select Yes for the Retain parameter. This will allow the routes learned
from the access server to be saved in the IP routing table. Access to any of
those networks from the workstation will cause this profile to be dialed.
15. Use the left arrow to get back to the previous menu. Use the down arrow
to view the IPX menu parameters in the right pane.
16. This is similar to steps 13 and 14. Select Yes for Triggered and Yes for Re-
tain. This will allow the ISDN link to go to an idle state and permit the
Express XL/XLT to “spoof” the server information obtained from the access server. A similar configuration must be selected on the access server.
17. Use the arrows to get the Dial Out menu parameters for this profile.
18. Enter the phone number of the access server in Number 1. If configured
by the administrator to use two B-channels using Multilink PPP, set the
Initial Channels field to 2. Some PPP protocols, if they exist in the access
server, will allow the second channel to come into play only if the bandwidth is needed. If this is the case, the Express XL/XLT will automatically
negotiate this with the access server.
19. Now move to the Bandwidth menu for this profile. Once there, use the
right arrow to move to the On Demand submenu.
20. Set the Mode parameter to On. This enables the dynamic bandwidth features of the Express XL/XLT.
21. Select the Idle Timeout parameter and enter the number of seconds the
Express XL/XLT should wait before hanging up the connection when no
traffic is present. A value of 120 seconds is typical. A value of 0 means never idle the link.
22. All the parameters for this Connection List profile are complete. To save
them, press the left arrow to get to the top (main) menu; when prompted
Save Connection List changes? enter y.
23. Set up the computer workstation’s IP and IPX parameters as instructed by
the network administrator. The Express XL/XLT’s IP address should be
the computer’s default gateway.
4 Express XL/XLT User Manual 61200070L1-1
Quick Startup Guide
When the computer which is attached to the local LAN attempts to access a
host on the access server, the Express XL/XLT will dial the number provided
in the Connection List profile. The Express XL/XLT will provide one of two
B-channels based on traffic demand and POTS port usage (Express XLT model
only). If no packet traffic is transmitted or received for the specified number
of seconds, the Express XL/XLT will disconnect the link until a computer on
the local LAN again attempts to access a host on the access server.
If Novell’s IPX protocol is being used, the link must be dialed first in the Dial
menu to obtain the server and route information needed by the computer to
boot up. Advanced users can use the Express XL/XLT’s Probe feature to periodically dial the access server to obtain the route and server information,
thereby removing the need to manually dial the first time.
61200070L1-1 Express XL/XLT User Manual 5
Quick Startup Guide
6 Express XL/XLT User Manual 61200070L1-1
ISDN OVERVIEW
The Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a public or private switched
digital network. ISDN is an international standard for digital communications, allowing a full range of enhanced services supporting voice, data, and
image applications through standard interfaces over a single telephone wire.
ISDN provides a means of integrating these services and modernizing communication networks for information movement and management efficiency.
THE EXPRESS XL/XLT
The Express XL/XLT is a standalone device that links two Local Area Networks (LANs) using a high-speed ISDN public network or leased two-wire
line. Optionally, the Express XLT has a plain old telephone service (POTS)
connector that is used for voice/modem applications
See Figure 1-1 for an illustration of the Express XL/XLT. The 10BaseT connector operates at 10 megabits per second half duplex and accepts standard ethernet packets encapsulated using IEEE 802.3 or Ethernet II (DIX). Because the
10BaseT is a four-wire interface, a crossover switch permits the user to connect
to either a hub-concentrator or network interface card without the need for
special cabling. The maintenance port can connect to any asynchronous terminal emulating a VT 100 terminal for configuration.
Chapter 1
Understanding ISDN and
the Express XL/XLT
LOOP
Express XL
PWR
TEST
SELECT
TEST
B2
B1
ERR
JAB
COL
LI
TX
RX
LNK
Figure 1-1
Express XL/XLT
61200070L1-1 Express XL/XLT User Manual 7
Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express XL/XLT
Applications
Single User to Corporate LAN
• Telecommuter/Home Office Access to the corporate LAN
• Single device access
• User Datagram Protocol (UDP) broadcasts are “relayed” to corporate
LAN.
• Client device can obtain the Internet Protocol (IP) address dynamically using Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).
• Compatible with popular central site LAN access devices
ISDN
ISDN
PHONE 10BIT
BRI U
MAINTENANCE
TO TO
NIC HUB
POWER
Router
Server
10 BT
10 BT
Figure 1-2
Single User to Corporate LAN
8 Express XL/XLT User Manual 61200070L1-1
Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express XL/XLT
Single User IP to Internet Service Provider (ISP) using Network Address Translation (NAT)
• Provides high speed home access to the Internet
• NAT provides translation from user assigned IP addresses to ISP assigned
IP addresses.
• The PC’s IP address can be dynamically assigned by the Express XL/XLT.
• Overcomes the serial port speed limitations of current terminal adapter
solutions
• Multilink Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) plus compression yields effective
throughput greater than 256 kbps.
• Compatible with popular ISP access devices
ISDN
ISDN
PHONE 10BIT
BRI U
MAINTENANCE
10 BT
TO TO
NIC HUB
INTERNET
POWER
10 BT
Figure 1-3
Single User to Internet Service Provider
61200070L1-1 Express XL/XLT User Manual 9
Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express XL/XLT
Multiple Users to Internet Service Provider (ISP) using NAT
• Provides high speed home access to the Internet
• Multiple and simultaneous access
• The PC’s IP address can by dynamically assigned by the Express XL/XLT.
• On-demand Internet access
• Multilink PPP plus compression yields effective throughput greater than
256 kbps.
• Compatible with popular ISP access devices
ISDN
PHONE 10BIT
BRI U
MAINTENANCE
TO TO
NIC HUB
10 BT
POWER
Hub
ISDN
INTERNET
Figure 1-4
Multiple User to Internet Service Provider
10 Express XL/XLT User Manual 61200070L1-1
Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express XL/XLT
Small Office - Home Office (SOHO) to Corporate LAN
• Connects the small office or home office to the corporate LAN
• Routes IP and Internet Packet Exchange (IPX) traffic from multiple devices
to the corporate LAN
• Bridges all non-routed traffic (e.g., AppleTalk)
• Provides dedicated or on-demand services
• Low cost alternative to buying a high-end router
• Compatible with popular central site LAN access devices
ISDN
PHONE 10BIT
BRI U
MAINTENANCE
TO TO
NIC HUB
1 0 BT
POWER
Hub
ISDN
Router
Server
Figure 1-5
SOHO to Corporate LAN
The Express XL/XLT provides the following basic functions:
1. LAN Bridge: Bridging provides a point-to-point connection between two
LANs. The bridge learning function scans the source and destination media access control (MAC) addresses of all packets on its local LAN and determines which packets should be transmitted over the ISDN link.
Applications include connectivity between single user or small offices to
corporate LANs. The Express XL/XLT uses the Spanning Tree Algorithm
(IEEE 802.1d-ISO/IEC10038), which provides a loop-free topology and redundancy.
61200070L1-1 Express XL/XLT User Manual 11
Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express XL/XLT
2. IP Router: The Express XL/XLT can function as an IP router using the
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) for advertising and learning routes
among other routers. Static routes may also be entered into the routing table.
3. IPX Router: IPX routers and services can be exchanged between the Ex-
press XL/XLT and other devices using RIP and Service Advertising Protocol (SAP). Watch dog serialization filtering and spoofing can permit the
ISDN to be idle during no application traffic periods.
4. Network Address Translation (NAT): Single networks can connect to the
Internet with this function. The Express XL/XLT translates outgoing IP
packets over the ISDN to the IP router at the Internet Service Provider.
Popular Internet applications are supported.
5. POTS: The POTS interface can be used for interfacing to dual tone multifrequency (DTMF) analog devices such as telephones, modems, fax machines, etc. The Express XLT POTS option is available on part number
1200070L2 only.
Demand Routing and Bridging with the Express XL/XLT
The Express XL/XLT is a dial-up ISDN IP Router and Transparent Learning
Bridge that provides Dial-On-Demand and Dynamic Bandwidth Management. Its features can be easily configured and used once several basic concepts are understood.
Factory Default
The Express XL/XLT comes from the factory configured for MAC Bridging, IP
routing and IPX routing with no filters or connection information defined. An
IP address of 10.0.0.1 with a network mask of 255.255.255.0 is preloaded. Dynamic Bandwidth Management features are disabled. Although dynamic assignment of a B-channel for the analog (POTS) port on the Express XLT model
is always available, link idle time-out and adding/removing of B-channels
based on traffic is initially disabled.
12 Express XL/XLT User Manual 61200070L1-1
Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express XL/XLT
Bridging
In Bridge Mode, the Express XL/XLT can communicate with two remote networks at a time. The destination is dialed by setting up a Connection List profile and choosing Dial on the Dial menu. See Configuration/Connection List on
page 63 for instructions on setting up a Connection List profile.
During a two B-channel PPP Multilink call, the Express XLT automatically
drops one B-channel and provides it to the POTS port when a telephone call is
placed or answered. When a POTS telephone call terminates, the Express XL
redials the second B-channel and supplies the bandwidth back to the LAN
connection. Since other bandwidth management features are disabled in the
factory default configuration, the dialed links remain active until the Hang-up
command is entered from the Dial menu, terminating the session with the selected remote network.
The Connection List described in the next section may be used to automate dialing and to store additional information specific to the remote site being dialed (phone numbers, number of B-channels to dial, authentication
information, Caller ID, etc.). In addition, Demand Dialing may be enabled to
allow idle links to disconnect when not being used to reduce line charges.
Simple Demand Bridging may be configured by enabling the Idle Time-Out
parameter under the Configuration/ Connection List [1]/Bandwidth/On De-
mand option on the Connection List. Setting this parameter to a non-zero val-
ue allows a bridge connection to disconnect after the specified number of
seconds with no traffic crossing the ISDN link. Bandwidth can be controlled
using the Express XL/XLT’s advanced filtering capability. When new traffic
needs to be transmitted, the Express XL/XLT will run each packet through its
Demand filters defined for each Connection List profile. If a packet can pass
through the filter, then the numbers for that profile are dialed. In addition,
when both B-channels are selected for use, the link may be configured to add/
remove the second B-channel based on the amount of traffic crossing the link.
The bridged connection is terminated when the Hang-up option is selected
from the Dial menu, but will redial if the demand filter condition is met.
61200070L1-1 Express XL/XLT User Manual 13
Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express XL/XLT
IP Routing
The Express XL/XLT operates as a dial-up IP router when the Configuration/
IP/IP Router/Mode option is configured to On. The Express XL/XLT uses an
IP unnumbered WAN interface; the IP address and mask assigned to the unit’s
LAN interface apply to all routing and IP operations for the unit. If a default
gateway is specified on the network of the Ethernet interface, the unit attempts
to reach the gateway through that interface. If the gateway is specified on an
unknown network, the unknown network is assigned to the router table and
remains unused until that gateway becomes the peer on a WAN connection.
If no default gateway is specified, the first connected peer on the WAN interface becomes the default gateway (recommended for remote applications
when there are no other routers on the remote LAN).
For each profile in the Connection List that includes an IP address and has the
Configuration/Connection List/IP/Route/Static Route option set to Yes, the
Network Address of the specified IP address is added to the router table with
the Host Address as the gateway. If the Configuration/Connection List/IP/
Route/Private option is set to No, the route is advertised at the specified metric
through the unit’s interfaces as if a connection is active to that network. These
routes are referred to as spoofed routes.
Attempts by any computer connected to the LAN interface to access a host on
a spoofed network causes a connection to be attempted using the information
from that Connection List profile. Once connected, routes advertised by the
peer router are learned and advertised to the local LAN. If Bandwidth-On-Demand is enabled and an Idle Time-out value is specified, expiration of the Idle
Timer causes the link to be disconnected; the routes learned from the peer
router are retained if the Configuration/Connection List/IP/RIP/Retain option is set to Yes and advertised as if the connection is still active. These routes
are referred to as retained routes. Attempts by any connected computer to access a host on any of the retained routes causes the link to be redialed. If Hang
Up is activated from the Dial menu when the link is down, the retained routes
are removed.
The Express XL/XLT can be connected to two WAN destinations at the same
time. Each B-channel is dialed to a different location. Routes learned from one
WAN destination are advertised to the other using RIP.
14 Express XL/XLT User Manual 61200070L1-1
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