ADC UNS-EGSM-2, UNS-PCS-2, UNS-IDEN-2, UNS-CELL-2 User Manual

InterReach Unison Accel

Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual

PN 9000-10

620021-0 Rev. A

This manual is produced for use by LGC Wireless personnel, licensees, an d customers. The information contained herein is the property of LGC Wireless. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of LGC Wireless.

LGC Wireless reserves the right to make c hanges, without notice, to the specifications and materials contained herein, and sh all not be responsible for any damages caused by reliance on the material as presented, including, but not limited to, typographical and listing errors.

Your comments are welcome – they help us improve our products and documentation. Please address your comments to LGC Wireless, Inc. corporate headquarters in San Jose, California:

Address 2540 Junction Avenue

San Jose, California 95134-1902 USA

Attn: Marketing Dept. Phone 1-408-952-2400 Fax 1-408-952-2410 Help Hot Line 1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)

+1-408-952-2400 (International) Web Address http://www.lgcwireless.com e-mail info@lgcwireless.com

service@lgcwireless.com

Trademarks

All trademarks identified by ™ or ® are trademarks or registered trademarks of LGC Wireless, Inc. All other trademarks belong to their respective owners.

InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10

620021-0 Rev. A

Limited Warranty

Seller warrants articles of its manufacture against defective materials or workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment to Purchaser, except as provided in an y warranty applicable to Purchaser on or in the package containing the Goods (which wa rranty tak es precedence over the following warranty). The liability of Seller under the foregoing warranty is limited, at Seller’s option, solely to repair or replacement with equivalent Goods, or an appropriate adjustment not to exceed the sales price to Purchaser, provided that (a) Seller is notified in writing by Purchaser, within the one year warranty period, prompt ly upon discovery of defects, with a detailed descripti on of such defects, (b) Purchaser has obtained a Return Materials Authorization (RMA) from Seller, which RMA Seller agrees to provide Purchaser promptly upon request, (c) the defective Goods are returned to Seller, transportation and other applicable charges prepaid by the Purchaser, and (d )Seller’s examination of such Goods discloses to its reasonable satisfaction that defects were not caused by negligence, misuse, improper installation, improper maintenance, accident or unauthorized repair or alteration or any other cause outside the scope of Purchaser’s warranty made hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Seller shall have the opt ion to r epair any defective Goods at Purchaser’s facility. The original warranty period for any Goods that have been repaired or replaced by seller will not thereby be exten ded. In additi on, all s ales will be subject to standard terms and conditions on the sal es con tract.

PN 9000-10 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual

620021-0 Rev. A

InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10

620021-0 Rev. A

Table of Content s

SECTION 1 General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

1.1 Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

1.2 Conventions in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

1.3 Acronyms in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

1.4 Standards Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7

1.5 Related Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7

SECTION 2

SECTION 3 Accel Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

InterReach Unison Accel System Description . 2-1

2.1 System Hardware Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

2.2 System OA&M Capabilities Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

2.2.1 System Monitoring and Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

2.2.2 Using Alarm Contact Closures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

2.3 System Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6

2.4 System Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7

2.5 System Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8

2.5.1 Physical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8

2.5.2 Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8

2.5.3 Operating Frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9

2.5.4 RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10

3.1 Accel Hub Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

3.1.1 RJ-45 Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

3.1.2 Communications RS-232 Serial Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

3.1.3 Hub LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

3.2 Accel Hub Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

3.2.1 Accel Hub Rear Panel Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

3.3 Faults and Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8

3.4 Accel Hub Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

PN 9000-10 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual i

620021-0 Rev. A

SECTION 4 Unison Remote Access Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

4.1 Remote Access Unit Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

4.1.1 SMA Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

4.1.2 RJ-45 Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

4.2 RAU LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4

4.3 Faults and Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5

4.4 Remote Access Unit Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5

4.5 RAUs in a Dual Band System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6

SECTION 5

SECTION 6

Designing a Unison Accel Solution . . . . . . . . . 5-1

5.1 Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

5.2 Estimating RF Coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17

5.2.1 Path Loss Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18

5.2.2 Coverage Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19

5.2.3 Examples of Design Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-24

5.3 System Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-28

5.3.1 System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScTP Cable Length . . . . . . . 5-28

5.4 Link Budget Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-29

5.4.1 Elements of a Link Budget for Narrowband Standards . . . . . 5-30

5.4.2 Narrowband Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell

Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-32

5.4.3 Elements of a Link Budget for CDMA Standards . . . . . . . . . 5-34

5.4.4 Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell

Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-37

5.4.5 Considerations for Re-Radiation (over-the-air) Systems . . . . 5-41

5.5 Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-42

5.5.1 Attenuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-43

5.5.2 Uplink Attenuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-44

5.6 Designing for a Neutral Host System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-46

Installing Unison Accel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

6.1 Installation Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

6.1.1 Component Location Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

6.1.2 Cable and Connector Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

6.1.3 Multiple Operator System Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2

6.1.4 Distance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2

6.2 Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

6.2.1 Installation Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

6.2.2 General S afety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

6.3 Preparing for System Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4

6.3.1 Pre-Installation Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4

6.3.2 Installation Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5

6.3.3 Tools and Materials Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7

6.3.4 Optional Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7

6.4 Unison Accel Installation Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8

ii InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10

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6.4.1 Installing an Accel Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10

6.4.2 Installing RAUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-15

6.4.3 Installing Dual Band RAU Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17

6.4.4 Installing Cat-5 Extender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19

6.4.5 Configuring the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-20

6.5 Interfacing an Accel Hub to a Base Station or a Roof-top

Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21

6.5.1 Connecting Multiple Accel Hubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-25

6.6 Connecting Contact Alarms to an Accel System . . . . . . . . . 6-29

6.6.1 Alarm Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-30

6.6.2 Alarm Sense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-33

6.6.3 Alarm Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-34

6.7 Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-36

6.7.1 Direct Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-36

6.7.2 Modem Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-37

6.7.3 232 Port Expander Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-38

6.7.4 POTS Line Sharing Switch Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-39

6.7.5 Ethernet and ENET/232 Serial Hub Connection . . . . . . . . . . 6-40

SECTION 7 Replacing Unison Accel Components in an

Operational System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1

7.1 Replacing an RAU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1

7.2 Replacing an Accel Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3

SECTION 8

Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical

Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1

8.1 Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1

8.2 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1

8.3 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2

8.3.1 Troubleshooting using AdminManager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3

8.3.2 Troubleshooting using LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10

8.4 Troublshooting Cat-5/6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-13

8.5 Technical Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-15

A.1 Cat-5/6 Cable (ScTP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-1

A.2 Coaxial Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-2

A.3 Standard Modem Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-3

A.4 DB-9 to DB-9 Null Modem Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-4

A.5 DB-25 to DB-9 Null Modem Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-5

C.1 Unison System Approval Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1

C.2 Human Exposure to RF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-3

D.1 Unison Accel Release 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-1

PN 9000-10 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual iii

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iv InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10

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List of Figures

Figure 2-1 Unison Accel System Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

Figure 2-2 Three Methods for OA&M Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

Figure 2-3 Unison Accel’s Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6

Figure 3-1 Accel Hub in a Unison System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

Figure 3-2 Accel Hub Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

Figure 3-3 Accel Hub Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

Figure 3-4 Accel Hub Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

Figure 4-1 Remote Access Unit in a Unison Accel System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

Figure 4-2 Remote Access Unit Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

Figure 5-1 Determin ing Path Loss be tween the Antenna and the Wireles s Device 5-17

Figure 5-2 Connecting Main Hubs to a Simplex Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-43

Figure 5-3 Main Hub to Duplex Base Station or Repeater Connections . . . . . . . . 5-44

Figure 6-1 Dual Band RAU Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17

Figure 6-2 Simplex Base Station to an Accel Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21

Figure 6-3 Duplex Base Station to an Accel Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-22

Figure 6-4 Connecting an Accel Hub to Multiple Base Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-23

Figure 6-5 Connecting Two Accel Hubs to a Simplex Repeater or Base Station . 6-26 Figure 6-6 Connecting Two Accel Hubs to a Duplex Repeater or Base Station . . 6-28

Figure 6-7 Connecting MetroReach to Unison Accel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-30

Figure 6-8 Using a BTS to Monitor Unison Accel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-31

Figure 6-9 Using a BTS and AdminManager to Monitor Unison Accel . . . . . . . . 6-32

Figure 6-10 Connecting LGCell to Unison Accel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-33

Figure 6-11 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-34

Figure 6-12 Alarm Sense Adapter Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-35

Figure 6-13 OA&M Direct Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-36

Figure 6-14 OA&M Modem Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-37

Figure 6-15 OA&M Connection using a 232 Port Expander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-38

Figure 6-16 OA&M Connection using a POTS Line Sharing Switch . . . . . . . . . . . 6-39

PN 9000-10 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual v

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Figure 6-17 Cascading Line Sharing Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-39

Figure 6-18 OA&M Connection using Ethernet and ENET/232 Serial Hub . . . . . . 6-40

Figure A -1 Wiring Map for Cat-5/6 Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-2

Figure A -2 Standard Modem Cable Pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-3

Figure A-3 DB-9 Female to DB-9 Female Null Modem Cable Diagram . . . . . . . .A-4

Figure A-4 DB-25 Male to DB-9 Female Null Modem Modem Cable Diagram . .A-5

vi InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10

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List of Tables

Table 2-1 System Monitoring and Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

Table 2-2 Cellular RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10

Table 2-3 iDEN RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10

Table 2-4 GSM/EGSM RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10

Table 2-5 DCS RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11

Table 2-6 PCS RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11

Table 2-7 UMTS RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11

Table 3-1 Accel Hub Status LED States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

Table 3-2 Accel Hub Port LED States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

Table 3-3 Accel Hub Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

Table 4-1 Frequency Bands covered by Unison RAUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

Table 4-2 Remote Access Unit LED States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4

Table 4-3 Remote Access Unit Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5

Table 5-1 800 MHz (AMPS) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

Table 5-2 800 MHz (TDMA) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5

Table 5-3 800 MHz (CDMA) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6

Table 5-4 800 MHz iDEN/SMR Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6

Table 5-5 900 MHz (GSM or EGSM) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7

Table 5-6 900 MHz (EDGE) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8

Table 5-7 1800 MHz (DCS) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9

Table 5-8 1800 MHz (EDGE) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10

Table 5-9 1900 MHz (TDMA) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11

Table 5-10 1900 MHz (GSM) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12

Table 5-11 1900 MHz (CDMA) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12

Table 5-12 1900 MHz (EDGE) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13

Table 5-13 2.1 GHz (UMTS) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13

Table 5-14 Paging/SMR Power per Carrier: Analog FM, CQPSK, C4FM . . . . . . 5-14

Table 5-15 Paging/SMR Power per Carrier: Mobitex, POCSAG/Reflex . . . . . . . 5-14

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Table 5-16 800 MHz Cellular/1900 MHz PCS Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . .5-15

Table 5-17 Coaxial Cable Losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-17

Table 5-18 Average Signal Loss of Common Building Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 -18

Table 5-19 Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building Environments . 5-19 Table 5-20 Frequency Bands and the Value of the first Term in Equation (3) . . . 5-20 T a ble 5-21 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 800 MHz Cellular Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-21

T a ble 5-22 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 800 MHz iDEN Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-21

T a ble 5-23 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 900 MHz GSM Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-21

T a ble 5-24 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 900 MHz EGSM Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-22

T a ble 5-25 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 1800 MHz DCS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-22

T a ble 5-26 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 1800 MHz CDMA (Korea) Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 -22

T a ble 5-27 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 1900 MHz PCS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-23

T a ble 5-28 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 2.1 GHz UMTS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-23

Table 5-29 System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScTP Cable Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-28

Table 5-30 Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems . . . . . . . . . . .5-30

Table 5-31 Distribution of Power within a CDMA Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 -34

Table 5-32 Additional Link Budget Considerations for CDMA . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-35

Table 1 Unison Capacity: Equal Coverage Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-49

Table 6-1 Distance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-2

Table 6-2 Installation Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-5

Table 6-3 Tools and Materials Required for Component Installation . . . . . . . . . . 6-7

Table 6-4 Optional Accessories for Component Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-7

Table 6-5 Troubleshooting Accel Hub LEDs During Installation . . . . . . . . . . .6-14

Table 6-6 Troubleshooting RAU LEDs During Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-16

Table 8-1 Faults Reported by the Accel Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-3

Table 8-2 Remote Access Unit Faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-6

Table 8-3 Accel Hub Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-7

Table 8-4 Remote Access Unit Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-7

Table 8-5 Accel Hub Status Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-8

Table 8-6 Remote Access Unit Status Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9

Table 8-7 Troubleshooting Accel Hub Port LEDs During Normal Operation . . 8-11 Table 8-8 Troubleshooting Accel Hub Status LEDs During Normal Operation 8-12

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Table 8-9 Summary of Cat-5/6 Cable Wiring Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-13

Table A-1 Cat-5/6 Twisted Pair Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-1

Table A-2 DB-9 Female to DB-9 Female Null Modem Cable Pinout . . . . . . . . . . A-4

Table A-3 DB-25 Male to DB-9 Female Null Modem Cable Pinout . . . . . . . . . . .A-5

Table D-1 Unison Accel Release 5 Line-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-1

PN 9000-10 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual ix

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x InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10

620021-0 Rev. A

SECTION 1 General Information

This section contains the following subsections:

• Section 1.1 Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

• Section 1.2 Conventions in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

• Section 1.3 Acronyms in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

• Section 1.4 Standards Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7

• Section 1.5 Related Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7

PN 9000-10 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 1-1

620021-0 Rev. A

1.1 Purpose and Scope

This document describes the InterReach Unison Accel system.

• Section 2 InterReach Unison Accel System Description An overview of the Unison Accel hardware and OA&M capabilities is provided in

this section. This section also contains system specifications and RF end-to-end performance tables.

• Section 3 Accel Hub The Main Hub is illustrated and described in this section. Connector and LED

descriptions, communicatio n cable (seria l and nul l modem) pin ou ts, and un it specifications are included.

• Section 4 Unison Remote Access Unit The Remote Access Unit is illustrated and described in this section. Connector and

LED descriptions, and unit specifications are included.

• Section 5 Designing a Unison Accel Solution This section provides tools to aid you in designing your Unison system, including

tables of the maximum output power per carrier at the RAU and formulas and tables for calculating path loss, coverage distance, and link budget.

• Section 6 Installing Unison Accel Installation procedures, requirements, safety precautions, and checklists are pro-

vided in this section. The installation procedures include guidelines for troubleshooting using the LEDs as you install the units.

• Section 7 Replacing Unison Accel Components in an Operational System This section provides installation procedures and considerations when you are

replacing a Unison component in an operating system.

• Section 8 Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance Contact information and troubleshooting tables are provided in this section.

• Appendix A Cables and Connectors Connector and cable descriptions and requirements are provided in this section.

Additionally, cable pin outs and diagrams are given.

1-2 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10

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• Appendix B InterReach Unison Accel Property Sheet This section contains a form that you can use during installation to record serial

numbers, gain settings, system band, RAU attenuation, and unit installation location. This information is required for the final As-Built documentation.

• Appendix C Compliance Safety and Radio/EMC approvals are listed in this section.

• Appendix D Release Notes A hardware/firmware/software compatibility table is provided in this section.

• Appendix E Glossary The Glossary provides definitions of commonly-used RF and wireless networking

terms.

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1.2 Conventions in this Manual

The following table lists the type style conventions used in this manual.

Convention Description

bold Used for emphasis

BOLD CAPS

MALL CAPS AdminManager window buttons

Measurements are listed first in metric units, followed by U.S. Customary System of units in parentheses. For example:

0° to 45°C (32° to 113°F)

The following symbols are used to highlight certain information as described.

NOTE: This format is used to emphasize text with special significance or importance, and to provide supplemental information.

CAUTION: This format is used when a given action or omitted action can cause or contribute to a hazardous condition. Damage to the equipment can occur.

Labels on equipment

WARNING: T his fo rma t i s used wh en a given action or omit ted action can result in catastrophic damage to the equipment or cause injury to the user.

Procedure

This form at is used to highlight a procedure.

1-4 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10

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1.3 Acronyms in this Manual

Acronym Definition

AGC automatic gain control ALC automatic level control AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone Service BTS base transceiver station Cat-5/6 Category 5 or Category 6 (twisted pair cable) CDMA code division multiple access CDPD cellular digital packet data DAS distributed antenna system dB decibel dBm decibels relative to 1 milliwatt DC direct current DCS Digital Communications System DL downlink EDGE Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution EGSM Extended Global Standard fo r Mob ile Communications GHz gigahertz GPRS General Packet Radio Service GSM Groupe Speciale Mobile (now translated in English as Global Standard

for Mobile Communications) Hz hertz IF intermediate frequency iDEN Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (Motorola variant of TDM A

wireless) LAN local area network LO local oscillator mA milliamps MBS microcellular base station MH Main Hub MHz megahertz MTBF mean time between failures NF noise figure nm nanometer OA&M operation, administration, an d maintenance PCS Personal Communication Services

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Acronym Definition

PLL phase-locked loop PLS path loss slope RAU Remote Access Unit RF radio frequency RSSI received signal strength indicator SMA sub-miniature A connector (coaxial cable connector type) ScTP screened twisted pair TDMA time division multiple access UL uplink; Underwriters Laboratories uW microwatts UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System UPS uninterruptable power supply Wwatt WCDMA wideband code division multiple access

1-6 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10

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1.4 Standards Conformance

• Utilizes the TIA/EIA 568-A Ethernet cabling standards for ease of installation.

• See Appendix C for compliance information.

1.5 Related Publications

• AdminManager User Manual, LGC Wireless part number 8810-10

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1-8 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10

620021-0 Rev. A

SECTION 2 InterReach Unison Accel

System Description

InterReach Unison Accel is a wireless networking system that is designed to handle both wireless voice and data communications over licensed frequencies. It provide high-quality, ubiquitous, seamless access to the wireless network in smaller buildings, including:

• Office buildings

• Hospitals Accel provides the same RF characteristics as InterReach Unison, which is designed

for large public and private facilities such as campus environments, airports, shopping malls, subways, convention centers, sports venues, etc. Accel uses microprocessors to enable key capabilities such as software-selectable band settings, automatic gain control, ability to incrementally adjust downlink/uplink gain, end-to-end alarming of all components and the asso ciated cable infras tru cture, and a host of additional capabilities.

The Accel system supports major wireless standards and air interface protocols in use around the world, including:

• Frequencies: 800 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 1900 MHz, 2100 MHz

• Voice Protocols: AMPS, TDMA, CDMA, GSM/EGSM, iDEN,

• Data Protocols: CDPD, EDGE, GPRS, WCDMA, CDMA2000, 1xRTT, and Paging

PN 9000-10 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 2-1

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Key System Features

• Superior RF performance, particularly in the areas of IP3 and noise figure.

• High downlink composite power and low uplink noise figure enables support of a large number of channels and larger coverage footprint per antenna.

• Software configurable Hub. Thus, the frequency band can be configured in the field.

• Standard Cat-5 or Cat-6 (Cat-5/6) screened twisted pair (ScTP) cabling. The Cat-5/6 ScTP cable run can be up to 100 meters recommended maximum (150 meters with RF performance degradation).

• Flexible RF configuration capabilities, including:

• System gain: – Ability to manually set gain in 1 dB steps, from 0 to 15 dB, on both down-

link and uplink.

• RAU: – RAU uplink and downlink gain can be independently attenuated 10 dB. – Uplink level control protects the system from input overload and can be

optimized for either a single operator or multiple operators/protocols.

– VSWR check on RAU reports if there is a disconnected antenna (all RAUs

except UMTS).

• Firmware Updates are downloaded (either locally or remotely) to operating sys-

tems when any modifications are made to the product, including the addition of new software capabilities/services.

• Extensive OA&M capabilities, including fault isolation to the field replaceable

unit, automatic reporting of all fault and warning conditions, and user-friendly graphical-user interface OA&M software package.

2-2 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10

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2.1 System Hardware Description

The InterReach Unison Accel system consists of two modular components:

• 19" rack-mountable Hub (connects to up to 8 Remote Access Units)

• Converts RF signals to electrical on the downlink; electrical to RF on the uplink

• Microprocessor controlled (for alarms, monitoring, and control)

• Software configurable band

• Simplex interface to RF source

• Periodically polls all downstream RAUs for system status, and automatically reports any fault or warning conditions

• Supplies DC power to RAU

• Remote Access Unit (RAU)

• Converts electrical signals to RF on the downlink; RF to electrical on the uplink

• Microprocessor controlled (for alarms, monitoring, and control)

• Protocol/band specific units

The minimum configuration of a Unison Accel system is one Hub and one RAU (1-1). The maximum configuration of a system is one Hub and 8 RAUs (1-8). Multiple systems can be combined to provide larger configurations.

Figure 2-1 Unison Accel System Hardware

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2.2 System OA&M Capabilities Overview

InterReach Unison Accel is microp roces sor co ntroll ed and co ntains firmwa re which enables much of the operations, administration, and maintenance (OA&M) functiona lity.

Complete alarming, down to the field replaceable unit (i.e., Hub and Remote Access Unit) and the cabling infrastructure, is available. All events occurring in a system, defined as an Accel Hub and all of its associated Remote Access Units, are automatically reported to the Hub. The Hub monitors system status and communicates that status using the following methods:

• Normally closed (NC) alarm contact closures can be tied to standard NC alarm monitoring systems or directly to a base station for alarm monitoring.

• The Hub’s f ront panel serial po rt connects directly to a PC (for local access) o r to a modem (for remote access).

Figure 2-2 Three Methods for OA&M Communications

Use AdminManager to configure or monitor a local Accel system. Remotely, AdminManager can only check system status, it cannot receive modem calls.

PC/Laptop running AdminManager

RS-232 Ethernet

RS-232

RJ-45

RAU

RS-232

Accel Hub

TCP/IP

Modem

ENET/232

Converter

RS-232

Accel Hub

PSTN

Modem

Accel Hub

AdminManager OA&M software runs on a PC/laptop and communicates with one Accel Hub, and its downstream RAUs, at a time.

• Connected directly to the Hub’s front panel RS-232 connector, you can access the Installation Wizard which lets you configure a newly installed system, or you can access the Configuration & Maintenance panel which lets you query system status, configure a newly added or swapped unit, or change system parameters.

• Connected remotely using a modem, AdminManager initiates communications with the Hub. You can access a read-only Configuration & Maintenance panel which lets you query system status to help you determine if an on-site visit is required.

Refer to the AdminManager User Manual (PN 8810-10) for information about installing and using the AdminManager software .

2-4 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10

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2.2.1 System Monitoring and Reporting

Each Accel Hub in the system constantly monitors itself and its downstream RAUs for internal fault and warning conditions. The results of this monitoring are stored in memory and compared against new results.

When a Hub detects a change in status, a fault or warning is reported. Faults are indicated locally by red status LEDs, and both faults and warnings are reported to the Hub and displayed on a PC/laptop, via the Hub’s serial port, that is running the AdminManager software. Passive antennas that are connected to the RAUs are not monitored automatically. Perform the System Test in order to retrieve status information about antennas.

Using AdminManager, you can install a new system or new components, change system parameters, and query system status. The following figure illustrates how the system reports its status to AdminManager.

Table 2-1 System Monitoring and Reporting

PC/Laptop

running

AdminManager

Use AdminManager to communicate with one or more remotely or locally installed systems.

If a fault or warning condition is reported, the AdminManager graphical user interface indicates the problem. AdminManager can also send an e-mail and/or page notification to designated recipients.

The Hub queries status of each RAU and compares it to previously stored status.

• If a fault is detected, LEDs on the front panel turn red.

• If a fault or warning condition is detected in any unit, the Hub initiates a call to AdminManager.

2.2.2 Using Alarm Contact Closures

The DB-9 female connector on the rear panel of the Accel Hub can be connected to a local base station or to a daisy-chained series of Unison, LGCell, and/or MetroReach Focus systems.

• When you connect MetroReach Focus or a BTS to Accel, the Accel Hub is the output of the alarms (alarm source) and MetroReach Focus or the BTS is the input (alarm sense). This is described in Section 6.6.1 on page 6-30.

• When you connect LGCell to Accel, the Accel Hub is the input of the alarms (alarm sense) and LGCell is the output (alarm source). This is described in Section 6.6.2 on page 6-33.

Accel

RAU

Hub

RAU

Each RAU passes its status to the Hub.

• If a fault is detected, the ALARM LED is red. If no fault is detected, the LED is green.

• If a fault or warning co n di tion is detected, the information is passed to the Hub.

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2.3 System Connectivity

The system uses standard Cat-5/6 ScTP. This makes any system expansion, such as adding an extra antenna for additional coverage, as easy as pulling a twisted pair cable.

Figure 2-3 Unison Accel’s Architecture

RAU RAU RAU

InterReach

Unison Accel

Cat-5/6Cat-5/6 Cat-5/6

up to 8 RAUs per Hub

2-6 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10

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2.4 System Operation

• Downlink (Base Station to Wireless Devices)

The Accel Hub receives downlink RF signals from a base station via coaxial cable.

The Hub converts the RF signals to IF

Accel Hub

The Accel Hub sends uplink RF signals to a base station via coaxial cable.

signals and sends them to RAUs (up to 8) via Cat-5/6 ScTP cable.

• Uplink (Wireless Devices to Base Station)

The Hub receives the IF signals from the RAUs (up to 8) via Cat-5/6 ScTP cable and converts to RF signals.

RAU

The RAU converts the IF signals to RF and sends them to passive antennas via coaxial cable.

RAU

The RAU receives uplink RF signals from the passive antenna via coaxial cable and converts them to IF signals.

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2.5 System Specifications

2.5.1 Physical Specifications

Parameter Unison Accel Hub Remote Access Unit

RF Connectors 8 shielded RJ-45, female (Cat-5/6) 1 shielded RJ-45, female (Cat-5/6)

1 SMA, male (coaxial)

External Alarm Connector (contact closure)

Serial Interfac e Connector 1 RS-232 9-pin D-sub, male — LED Alarm and

Status Indicators

AC Power (Volts) Rating: 115/230V, 5.5/3A, 50–60 Hz

DC Power (Volts) — 36V (from the Hub) Power Consumption (W) 4 RAUs: 150 typ/178 max

Enclosure Dimensions* (height × width × depth)

Weight < 8 kg (< 17.5 lb) < 1 kg (< 2 lb)

1 9-pin D-sub, female —

Unit Status (1 pair):

•Power

• Status RAU/Link Status

(1 pair per RJ-45 port):

•Link

•RAU

Operating Range: 90–132V/170–250 V a uto-ranging,

4.6–2.3A/3.6–1.6A, 47–63 Hz

4 RAUs & 4 Extenders: 167 typ/202 max 8 RAUs: 200 typ/242 max 8 RAUs & 8 Extenders: 234 typ/290 max

133.5 mm × 438 mm × 305 mm (5.25 in. × 17.25 in. × 12 in.)

Unit Status (1 pair):

•Link

•Alarm

—

16 max (from the Hub)

44 mm × 305 mm × 158 mm (1.7 in. × 12 in. × 6.2 in.)

*Excluding angle-bra ck et s fo r 19'' ra ck mounting of hub. Note: Unison Accel Hub typical power consumption assumes that the Cat-5/6 cable length is no more than 100 meters without a Cat-5 Extender

and no more than 170 meters with a Cat-5 Extender.

2.5.2 Environmental Specifications

Parameter Unison Accel Hub RAU

Operating Temperature 0° to +45°C (+32° to +113°F) –25° to +45°C (–13° to +113°F) Non-operating Temperature –20° to +85°C (–4° to +185°F) –25° to +85°C (–13° to +185°F) Operating Humidity; non-c on de n si ng 5% to 95% 5% to 95%

2-8 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10

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2.5.3 Operating Frequencies

Freq. Band

PCS PCS6 Bands A,D,B

PCS PCS7 Bands D,B,E,F

PCS PCS8 Bands E,F,C

DCS DCS1 DCS1 Band 1805–1842.5 1710–1747.5 DCS DCS2 DCS2 Band 1842.5–1880 1747.5–1785 DCS DCS4 DCS4 Band 1815–1850 1720–1755 Cellular CELL – 869–894 824–849 iDEN iDEN – 851–869 806–824 GSM/EGSM GSM/EGSM – 925–960 880–915 UMTS UMTS1 – 2110–2145 1920–1955 UMTS UMTS2 – 2125–2160 1935–1970 UMTS UMTS3 – 2135–2170 1945–1980

Unison Band Description

RF Passband (MHz)

Downlink Uplink

1930–1965 1850–1885

(35 MHz)

1945–1975 1865–1895

(30 MHz)

1965–1990 1885–1910

(25 MHz)

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2.5.4 RF End-to-End Performance

The following tables list the RF end-to-end performance of each protocol.

NOTE: The system gain is adjustable in 1 dB steps from 0 to 1 5 dB, and the gain of each RAU can be attenuated 10 dB in one step.

Cellular 800 MHz

Table 2-2 Cellular RF End-to-End Performance

Parameter

Average gain with 75 m Cat-5 at 25°C (77°F) (dB) 15 15 Ripple with 75 m Cat-5 (dB) 3 3.5 Output IP3 (dBm) 40 Input IP3 (dBm) –7 Output 1 d B Compression Point (dBm) 27 Noise Figure 1 Hub-8 RAUs (dB) 15

iDEN 800 MHz

Table 2-3 iDEN RF End-to-End Performance

Typical

Downlink Uplink

Typical

Parameter Downlink Uplink

Average gain with 75 m Cat-5/6 at 25°C (77°F) (dB) 15 15 Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 (dB) 2 3 Output IP3 (dBm) 38 Input IP3 (dBm) –7 Output 1 d B Compression Point (dBm) 26 Noise Figure 1 Hub-8 RAUs (dB) 17

GSM/EGSM 900 MHz

Table 2-4 GSM/EG SM RF End-to-End Performance

Typical

Parameter Downlink Uplink

Average Downlink gain with 75 m Cat-5/6 at 25°C (77°F) (dB) 15 15 Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 (dB) 3 4 Output IP3 (dBm) 38 Input IP3 (dBm) –7 Output 1 d B Compression Point (dBm) 26 Noise Figure 1 Hub-8 RAUs (dB) 16

2-10 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10

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DCS 1800 MHz

Table 2-5 DCS RF End-to-End Performance

Typical

Parameter Downlink Uplink

Average gain with 75 m Ca t-5/6 at 25°C (7 7°F) (dB) 15 15 Downlink ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 (dB) 2 Uplink ripple for center 35 MHz of DCS1 and DCS2, Full band for DCS4

with 75 m Cat-5/6 (dB) Uplink gain r oll off for F ull band of DCS1 and DCS2 with 75 m Cat-5/6 ( dB ) 2 Output IP3 (dBm) 38 Input IP3 (dBm) –12 Output 1 dB Compression Point (dBm) 26 Noise Figure 1 Hub-8 RAUs (dB) 17

PCS 1900 MHz

Table 2-6 PCS RF End-to-End Performance

Typical

Parameter

Average gain with 75 m Ca t-5 at 25°C (77°F) (dB) 15 15 Ripple with 75 m Cat-5 (dB ) 2.5 3 Output IP3 (dBm) 38 Input IP3 (dBm) –12 Output 1 dB Compression Point (dBm) 26 Noise Figure 1 Hub-8 RAUs (dB) 16

Downlink Uplink

UMTS 2.1 GHz

Table 2-7 UMTS RF End-to-End Performance

Typical

Parameter

Average Gain w/75 meters Cat-5/6 @ 25°C (dB) 15 15 Ripple w/7 5 meters Cat - 5/6 (dB) 2 .5 4 Noise Figure: 1 Accel Hub and 8 RAUs (dB) 16 Spurious Output Levels (dBm) <–30 UMTS TDD Band Spurious Output Level

1900–1920 MHz, 2010–2025 MHz (dBm/MHz)

Waveform Quality (at maximum power) ( Output IP3 (dBm) 37 Input IP3 (dBm) –12

Output P1dB (dBm) 26

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) > 0.97 > 0.97

Downlink Uplink

<–52

2-12 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10

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SECTION 3 Accel Hub

The Accel Hub distributes downlink RF signals from a base station, repeater, or MetroReach Focus system to up to eight Remote Access Units. The Hub also combines uplink signals fr om the RAUs.

Figure 3-1 Accel Hub in a Unison System

Downlin k Pa th : The Accel Hub receives downlink RF signals from a base station, repeater , or MetroReach Focus system via

coaxial cable. It converts the signals to IF and sends them to up to eight RAUs via Cat-5/6 cable. The Hub also sends OA&M communication to the RAUs via the Cat-5/6 cable.

Downlink to Main Hub

Accel Hub

Uplink from Main Hub

Uplink Path: The Accel Hub receives uplink IF signals from up to eight RAUs via Cat-5/6 cable. It converts the signals to RF and sends them to a base station, repeater, or MetroReach Focus system via coaxial cable.

The Hub also receives status information from the RAUs via the Cat-5/6 cable.

RAU

Figure 3-2 gives a detailed view of the major RF and functional blocks of the Accel Hub.

Figure 3-2 Accel Hub Block Diagram

Dave: Please provide (see RAU for example)

PN 9000-10 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 3-1

620021-0 Rev. A

3.1 Accel Hub Front Panel

Figure 3-3 Accel Hub Front Panel

2 3

LINK RAU

RS-232

PORT 1

LINK RAU

PORT 2

LINK RAU

PORT 3

LINK RAU

PORT 4

LINK RAU

PORT 5

LINK RAU

PORT 6

LINK RAU

PORT 7

LINK RAU

PORT 8

POWER STATUS

InterReach Unison Accel

1. Eight standard Cat-5/6 ScTP cable RJ-45 connectors (labeled PORT 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)

2. Eight sets of RJ-45 port LEDs (one set per port)

• One LED per port for link status (labeled

• One LED per port for downstream unit status (labeled

LINK)

RAU)

3. One se t of unit status LEDs

• One LED for unit power status (labeled

• One LED for unit status (labeled

POWER)

MAIN HUB STATUS)

4. One 9-pin D-sub male connector for system communication and diagnos tics using

a PC/laptop or modem (labeled

RS-232)

5. Power switch .

POWER

3-2 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10

620021-0 Rev. A

3.1.1 RJ-45 Connectors

The eight RJ-45 connectors on the Hub are for the Cat-5/6 ScTP cables that are used to transmit and receive signals to and from RAUs. Use shielded RJ-45 connectors on the Cat-5/6 cable.

NOTE: For system performance, it is important that you use only Cat-5/6 ScTP (screened twisted pair) cable with shielded RJ-45 connectors.

The Cat-5/6 cable also delivers DC electrical power to the RAUs. The Hub’s DC voltage output is 36V DC nominal. A current limiting circuit is used to protect the Hub if any port draws excessive power.

3.1.2 Communications RS-232 Serial Connector

Remote Monitoring

Use a standard serial cable to connect a modem to the 9-pin D-sub male serial connector for remote monitoring or configuring. The cable typically has a DB-9 female and a DB-25 male connector. See Appendix A.3 on page A-3 for the cable pinout.

Local Monitoring

Use a null modem cable to connect a laptop or PC to the 9-pin D-sub male serial connector for local monitoring or configuring. The cable typically has a DB-9 female connector on both ends. See Appendix A.4 on page A-4 for the cable pinout.

PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-3

620021-0 Rev. A

3.1.3 Hub LED Indicators

The unit’s f ront panel LEDs ind icate f aults and commanded or fault lockout s. The LEDs do not indicate warnings or whether the system test has been performed. O nly use the LEDs to provide basic information or as a backup when you are not using AdminManager.

Upon power up, the Hub goes through a five-second test to check the LED lamps. During this time, the LEDs blink through the states shown in Table 3-1, letting you visually verify that the LED lamps and the firmware are functioning properly.

The Hub will automatically send the program band command to all connected RAUs. A mismatched band will cause an error message to be displayed in AdminManager and the RAU will have a fault condition.

NOTE: Refer to Section 8 for troubleshooting using the LEDs.

Status LEDs

The Hub status LEDs can be in one of the states shown in Table 3-1. These LEDs can be:

steady green steady red blinking green/red (alternating green/red)

There is no off state when the unit’s power is on.

Table 3-1 Accel Hub Status LED States

LED State Indicates

POWER STATUS

Green Green

Green Red

Green Alternating

Green/Red

• Hub is connected to power

• Hub is not reporting a fault; but the system test may need to be performed or a warning could exist (use AdminMana ger to determine)

• Hub is connected to power

• Hub is reporting a fault or lockout condition

• Hub is connected to power

• Hub input signal level too high

3-4 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10

620021-0 Rev. A

LINK RAU

Port LEDs

The Hub has one pair of port LEDs for each of the eight RJ-45 ports. The port LEDs can be in one of the states shown in Table 3-2. These LEDs can be:

off steady green steady red

Table 3-2 Accel Hub Port LED States

LED State Indicates

Off Off

Green Green

Red Off

Green Red

• RAU is not c onnected

• RAU is connected

• No faults from RAU

• Loss of communications to R A U

• RAU is connected

• RAU is reporting a fault or lockout condition

PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-5

620021-0 Rev. A

3.2 Accel Hub Rear Panel

Figure 3-4 Accel Hub Rear Panel

1 2 3 4

1. AC power cord connector

2. Three air exhaust vents

3. Two N-type, fe male connectors:

• Downlink (labeled

• Uplink (labeled

4. One 9-pin D-sub female connector for contact closure monitoring (labeled DIAGNOSTIC 1)

DOWNLINK)

UPLINK)

Are the back panel items labeled?

3-6 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10

620021-0 Rev. A

3.2.1 Accel Hub Rear Panel Connectors

3.2.1.1 9-pin D-sub Connector

The 9-pin D-sub connector (labeled DIAGNOSTIC 1) provides contact closure for major and minor error system alarm monitoring.

The following table lists the function of each pin on the 9-pin D-sub connector.

Pin Function

1 Alarm Input Ground 2 Reserved 3 Reserved 4 Warning Contact (positive connection) 5 Warning Contact (negative connection) 6 DC Ground (common ) 7 Fault Contact (positive connection) 8 Alarm Input 9 Fault Contact (negative co nnection)

This interface can either generate contact alarms or sense a single external alarm contact.

3.2.1.2 N-type Female Connectors

There are two N-type female connectors on the rear panel of the Hub:

•The

DOWNLINK connector receives downlink RF signals from a repeater, local

base station, or MetroReach Focus system.

•The

UPLINK connector transmits uplink RF signals to a repeater, local base sta-

tion, or MetroReach Focus system.

PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-7

620021-0 Rev. A

3.3 Faults and Warnings

The Accel Hub monitors and reports changes in system performance to:

• Ensure that its amplifiers and IF/RF path are functioning properly.

• Ensure that Remote Access Units are connected and functioning properly.

The Accel Hub periodically queries attached Remote Access Units for their status. Both faults and warnings are reported to a connected PC/laptop that is running the AdminManager software. Only faults are indicated by LEDs.

For more information, see:

• page 8-3 for Hub faults.

• page 8-7 for Hub warnings.

• page 8-8 for Hub status messages.

• page 8-11 for troubleshooting Hub LEDs.

3-8 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10

620021-0 Rev. A

3.4 Accel Hub Specifications

Table 3-3 Accel Hub Specifications

Specification Description

Enclosure Dimensions (H Weight < 8 kg (< 17.5 lb) Operating Temperature 0° to +45°C (+32° to +113°F) Non-operating Temperature –20° to +85°C (–4° to +185°F) Operating Humidity, non-condensing 5% to 95% External Alarm Connector

(contact closure)

Serial Interface Connector 1 RS-232 9-pin D-sub, male RF Connectors 8 shielded RJ-45, female (Cat-5/6) LED Fault and Status Indicators Unit Status (1 pair):

AC Power Rating: 115/230V, 5.5/3A, 50–60 Hz

Power Consumption (W) 4 RAUs: 150 typ/178 ma x

MTBF 78,998 hours

× W × D): 133.5 mm × 438 mm × 305 mm (5.25 in. × 17.25 in. × 12 in.)

1 9-pin D-sub, female Maximum: 40 mA @ 40V DC Typical: 4 mA @ 12V DC

•Power

• Main Hub Stat us Downstream Unit/Link Status (1 pair per Cat-5/6 port):

•Link

•RAU

Operating Range: 90–132V/170–250V auto-ranging,

4.6–2.3A/3.6–1.6A, 47–63 Hz

4 RAUs & 4 Extenders: 167 typ/202 max 8 RAUs: 200 typ/242 ma x 8 RAUs & 8 Extenders: 234 typ/290 max

PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-9

620021-0 Rev. A

3-10 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10

620021-0 Rev. A

SECTION 4 Unison Remote Access Unit

The Remote Access Unit (RAU) is an active transceiver that connects to an Accel Hub using industry-standard Cat-5/6 screened twisted pair (ScTP) cable, which delivers RF signals, configuration information, and electrical power to the RAU.

An RAU passes RF signals between an Accel Hub and an attached passive antenna where the signals are transmitted to wireless devices.

Figure 4-1 Remote Access Unit in a Unison Accel System

Downlink Path: The RAU receives downlink IF signals from an Accel Hub via Cat-5/6 cable. It converts the signals to RF

and sends them to a passive RF antenna via coaxial cable. Also, the RAU receives configuration information from the Accel Hub via the Cat-5/6 cable.

Unison Accel Hub

Uplink Path: The RAU receives uplink RF signals from a passive RF antenna via coaxial cable. It converts the signals to IF

and sends them to an Accel Hub via Cat-5/6 cable. Also, the RAU sends its status information to the Accel Hub via the Cat-5/6 cable.

Downlink to RAU

RAU

Uplink from RAU

Downlink to antenna

Uplink from antenna

PN 9000-10 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 4-1

620021-0 Rev. A

Figure 4-2 Remote Access Unit Block Diagram

4-2 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10

620021-0 Rev. A

The Unison RAUs are manufactured to a specific band or set of bands (i.e., there is one PCS RAU which can be used for A/D, B/E, E/F, B/D, or F/C). Table 4-1 lists the six Unison RAUs, the Unison Band, and the frequency band(s) they cover.

Table 4-1 Frequency Bands cov ered by Unison RAUs

RF Passband Unison RAU

Cellular Cellular 869–894 824–849 DCS DCS1 1805–1842.5 1710–1747.5

GSM GSM 925–960 880–915

iDEN iDEN 851–869 806–824 PCS Bands A,D,B 1930–1965 1850–1885

UMTS UMTS 1 2110–2145 1945–1975

Unison Band

DCS2 1842.5–1880 1747.5–1785 DCS3 1840–1875 1745–1780 DCS4 1815–1850 1720–1755

EGSM 935–960 890–915

Bands D,B,E,F 1945–1975 1865–1895 Bands E,F,C 1965–1990 1885–1910

UMTS 2 2125–2160 1965–1990 UMTS 3 2135–2170 1945–1980

Downlink (MHz) Uplink (MHz)

4.1 Remote Access Unit Connectors

4.1.1 SMA Connector

The RAU has one female SMA connector. The connector is a duplexed RF input/output port that connects to a standard passive antenna using coaxial cable.

4.1.2 RJ-45 Connector

The RAU has one RJ-45 connector that connects it to an Accel Hub using Cat-5/6 ScTP cable. Use shielded RJ-45 connectors on the Cat-5/6 cable.

NOTE: For system performance, it is important that you use only Cat-5/6 ScTP cable with shielded RJ-45 connectors.

PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 4-3

620021-0 Rev. A

LINK ALARM

4.2 RAU LED Indicators

Upon power up, the RAU goes through a two-second test to check the LED lamps. During this time, the LEDs blink green/green red/red, letting you visually verify that the LED lamps and the firmware are functioning properly.

NOTE: Refer to Section 8 for troubleshooting using the LEDs.

Status LEDs

The RAU status LEDs can be in one of the states shown in Table 4-2. These LEDs can be:

off steady green steady red

There is no off state when the unit’s power is on.

Table 4-2 Remote Access Unit LED States

LED State Indicates

Off Off

Green Green

Green Red

Red Red

• RAU is not receiving DC power

• RAU is powered and is not indicating a fault condition. Communi catio n with Accel Hub is normal; but the system test may need to be performed or a warning condition could exist (use AdminManager to determine)

• RAU is indicating a fault or lockout condition, but communication with the Accel Hub is normal

• RAU is reporting a fault or lockout condition, and it is not able to communicate with the Accel Hub

4-4 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10

620021-0 Rev. A

4.3 Faults and Warnings

Both fault and warning conditions are reported to the Accel Hub where they are stored. Only faults are indicated by LEDs.

For more information, see:

• page 8-6 for RAU faults.

• page 8-7 for RAU warnings.

• page 8-9 for RAU status messages.

4.4 Remote Access Unit Specifications

Table 4-3 Remote Access Unit Specifications

Specification Description

Dimensions (H Weight < 1 kg (< 2 lb) Operating Temperature –25° to +45°C (–13° to +113°F) Non-operating Temperature –25° to +85°C (–13° to +185°F) Operating Humidity, non-condensing 5% to 95% RF Connectors

LED Alarm and Status Indicators Unit Status (1 pair): • Link • Alarm Maximum Heat Dissipation (W) 16 max (from the Hub) MTBF 282,207 hours

× W × D) 44 mm × 305 mm × 158 mm (1.7 in. × 12 in. × 6.2 in.)

1 shielded RJ-45, female (Cat-5/6) 1 SMA, male (coaxial)

a. For system performance, it is impo rta nt that yo u use only Cat-5/6 ScTP cable with shielded RJ- 45 connectors.

PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 4-5

620021-0 Rev. A

4.5 RAUs in a Dual Band System

A Dual-Band Diplexer can be used to combine the output from two RAUs, one that is below 1 GHz and one that is above 1 GHz, for output to a single passive antenna..

Cat-5/6 from Accel Hub

Antenna

3 ft. coaxial cable

Unison

RAU

Dual Band

Diplexer

Unison

RAU

Refer to the Dual Band Diplexer specifications (PN 8000-54) for technical information.

4-6 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10

620021-0 Rev. A

SECTION 5 Designing a Unison Accel

Solution

Designing a Unison Accel solution is ultimately a matter of determining coverage and capacity needs. This requires the following steps:

1. Determine the wireless service provider’s requirements.

This information is usually determined by the service provider:

• Frequency (i.e., 850 MHz)

• Band (i.e., “A” band in the Cellular spectrum)

• Protocol (i.e., TDMA, CDMA, GSM, iDEN)

• Peak capacity requirement (this, and whether or not the building will be split into sectors, determines the number of carriers that the system will have to transmit)

• Design goal (RSSI, received signal strength at the wireless handset, i.e., –85 dBm)

The design goal is always a stronger signal than the cell phone needs. It includes inherent factors which will affect performance (see Section 5.4.1 on page 5-30).

• RF source (base station or BDA), type of equipment if possible

2. Determine the power per carrier and input power from the base station or

BDA into the Main Hub: Section 5.1, “Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU,” on page 5-3.

The maximum power per carrier is a function of the number of RF carriers, the carrier headroom requirement, signal quality issues, regulatory emissions requirements, and Unison’s RF performance. Typically, the power per carrier decreases as the number of carriers increases.

3. Determine the in-building environment: Section 5.2, “Estimating RF Cover-

age,” on page 5-17.

• Determine which areas of the buildi ng require cov erage (entire bu ilding, publi c areas, parking levels, etc.)

PN 9000-10 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 5-1

620021-0 Rev. A

• Obtain floor plans to determine floor space of building and the wall layout of the proposed areas to be covered. Floor plans will also be useful when you are selecting antenna locations.

• If possible, determine the building’s construction materials (sheetrock, metal, concrete, etc.)

• Determine type of environment – Open layout (e.g., a convention center) – Dense, close walls (e.g., a hospital) – Mixed use (e.g., an office building with hard wall offices and cubicles)

4. Develop an RF link budget: Section5.4, “Link Budget Analysis,” on page

5-29.

Knowing the power per carrier , you can calcula te an RF link budg et which is used to predict how much propagation loss can be allowed in the system, while still providing satisfactory performance throughout the area being covered. The link budget is a methodical way to derive a “design goal”. If the design goal is provided in advance, the link budget is simpl y: allowable RF loss = maximum power

per carrier – design goal.

5. Determine the appropriate estimated path loss slope that corresponds to the

type of building and its layout, and estimate the coverage distance for each RAU: Section 5.2, “Estimating RF Coverage,” on page 5-17.

The path loss slope (PLS), which gives a value to the RF propagation characteristics within the building, is used to convert the RF link budget into an estimate of the coverage distance per antenna. This will help establish the Unison equipment quantities you will need. The actual path loss slope that corresponds to the specific RF environment inside the building can also be determined empirically by performing an RF site-survey of the building. This involves transmitting a calibrated tone for a fixed antenna and making measurements with a mobile antenna throughout the area surrounding the transmitter.

6. Determine the items required to connect to the base station: Section 5.5,

“Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station,” on page 5-42.

Once you know the quantities of Unison equipment you will use, you can determine the accessories (combiners/dividers, surge suppressors, repeaters, attenuators, circulators, etc.) that are required to connect the system to the base station.

The individual elements that must be considered in designing a Unison solution are discussed in the following sections.

5-2 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10

620021-0 Rev. A

5.1 Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU

The following tables show the recommended maximum power per carrier out of the RAU SMA connector for different frequencies, formats, and numbers of carriers. These limits are dictated by RF signal quality and regulatory emissions issues. The maximum input power to the Main Hub is determined by subtracting the system gain from the maximum output power of the RAU. System gain is software selectable from 0 dB to 15 dB in 1 dB steps. Additionally , both the uplink and downlink of each RAU gain can be reduced by 10 dB.

When you connect a Main Hub to a base station or repeater, the RF power per carrier usually needs to be attenuated in order to avoid exceeding Unison’s maximum output power recommendations.

Refer to Section 5.6, “Designing for a Neutral Host System,” on page 5-46 when combining frequencies or protocols on a single Main Hub.

WARNING: Exceeding the maximum input power could cause permanent damage to the Main Hub. Do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time.

NOTE: These specifications are for downlink power at the RAU output (excluding antenna).

PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 5-3

620021-0 Rev. A

800 MHz AMPS

Table 5-1 800 MHz (AMPS) Power per Carrier

Power per Carrier (dBm)

No. of

Carriers

1 27.0 27.0 2 21.0 21.0 3 17.5 17.5 4 14.5 14.5 5 13.0 13.0

611.5 11.5 7 10.5 10.5

89.5 9.5

99.0 9.0 10 8.0 8.0 11 8.0 8.0 12 7.5 7.5 13 7.0 7.0 14 6.5 6.5 15 6.5 6.5 16 6.0 6.0 20 5.0 5.0 30 3.0 3.0

2 km SMF 1 km MMF

5-4 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10

620021-0 Rev. A

800 MHz TDMA

Table 5-2 800 MHz (TDMA) Power per Carrier

Power per Carrier (dBm)

No. of

Carriers

124.0 24.0

219.0 19.0

316.0 16.0

414.0 14.0

512.5 12.5

611.5 11.5

710.5 10.5

89.5 9.5

99.0 9.0 10 8.5 8.5 11 8.0 8.0 12 7.5 7.5 13 7.5 7.5 14 7.0 7.0 15 6.5 6.5 16 6.5 6.5 20 5.5 5.5 30 3.5 3.5

2 km SMF 1 km MMF

PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 5-5

620021-0 Rev. A

800 MHz CDMA

Table 5-3 800 MHz (CDMA) Power per Carrier

Power per Carrier (dBm)

No. of

Carriers

2 km SMF 1 km MMF

1 17.0 17.0 2 14.0 14.0 3 12.0 12.0

411.0 11.0

5 10.0 10.0

69.0 9.0

78.5 8.5

88.0 8.0

800 MHz iDEN

Table 5-4 800 MHz iDEN/SMR Power per Carrier

iDEN Analog FM CQPSK/C4FM Motient Data TAC

Power per

Carrier (dBm)

No. of

Carriers

2 km SMF

1 km MMF

No. of

Carriers

1 10.0 10.0 1 10.0 10.0 1 10.0 10.0 1 10.0 10.0 2 10.0 10.0 2 10.0 10.0 2 10.0 10.0 2 10.0 10.0 3 10.0 10.0 3 10.0 10.0 3 10.0 10.0 3 10.0 10.0 4 10.0 10.0 4 10.0 10.0 4 10.0 10.0 4 10.0 10.0 5 9.0 9.0 5 10.0 10.0 5 10.0 10.0 6 8.0 8.0 6 10.0 10.0 6 10.0 10.0 7 7.0 7.0 7 9.5 9.5 7 9.0 9.0 8 6.5 6.5 8 8.5 8.5 8 8.5 8.5 9 6.0 6.0 9 8.0 8.0 9 7.5 7.5

10 5.5 5.5 10 7.0 7.0 10 7.0 7.0

Power per

Carrier (dBm) 2 km

SMF

1 km MMF

No. of

Carriers

Power per

Carrier (dBm) 2 km

1 km

SMF

MMF

No. of

Carriers

Power pe r

Carrier (dBm) 2 km

SMF

1 km MMF

5-6 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10

620021-0 Rev. A

900 MHz GSM or EGSM

Table 5-5 900 MHz (GSM or EGSM) Power per Carrier

Power per Carrier (dBm)

No. of

Carriers

116.0 16.0

213.0 12.0

3 11.0 10.0

410.0 9.0

59.0 8.0

68.0 7.0

77.5 6.5

87.0 6.0

96.5 5.5 10 6.0 5.5 11 5.5 5.0 12 5.0 4.5 13 5.0 4.5 14 4.5 4.0 15 4.0 4.0 16 4.0 3.5

2 km SMF 1 km MMF

PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 5-7

620021-0 Rev. A

900 MHz EDGE

Table 5-6 900 MHz (EDGE) Power per Carrier

Power per Carrier (dBm)

No. of

Carriers

1 16.0 16.0 2 13.0 12.0 3 11.0 10.0

410.0 9.0

59.0 8.0

68.0 7.0

77.5 6.5

87.0 6.0

96.5 5.5 10 6.0 5.5 11 5.5 5.0 12 5.0 4.5 13 5.0 4.5 14 4.5 4.0 15 4.0 4.0 16 4.0 3.5

2 km SMF 1 km MMF

5-8 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10

620021-0 Rev. A

1800 MHz DCS

Table 5-7 1800 MHz (DCS) Power per Carrier

Power per Carrier (dBm)

No. of

Carriers

117.5 17.5

214.5 14.0

312.5 12.0

411.5 11.0

510.5 10.0

69.5 9.0

79.0 8.5

88.5 8.0

98.0 7.5 10 7.5 7.5 11 7.0 7.0 12 6.5 6.5 13 6.5 6.5 14 6.0 6.0 15 5.5 5.5 16 5.5 5.5

2 km SMF 1 km MMF

PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 5-9

620021-0 Rev. A

1800 MHz EDGE

Table 5-8 1800 MHz (EDGE) Power per Carrier

Power per Carrier (dBm)

No. of

Carriers

1 17.5 17.5 2 14.5 14.0 3 12.5 12.0

411.5 11.0

5 10.5 10.0

69.5 9.0

79.0 8.5

88.0 8.0

97.5 7.5 10 7.0 7.0 11 6.5 6.5 12 6.0 6.0 13 6.0 6.0 14 5.5 5.5 15 5.0 5.0 16 5.0 5.0

2 km SMF 1 km MMF

5-10 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10

620021-0 Rev. A

1900 MHz TDMA

Table 5-9 1900 MHz (TDMA) Power per Carrier

Power per Carrier (dBm)

No. of

Carriers

123.0 23.0

218.0 18.0

315.0 15.0

413.0 13.0

511.5 11.5

610.5 10.5

79.5 9.5

88.5 8.5

98.0 8.0 10 7.5 7.5 11 7.0 7.0 12 6.5 6.5 13 6.5 6.5 14 6.0 6.0 15 5.5 5.5 16 5.5 5.5 20 4.5 4.5 30 2.5 2.5

2 km SMF 1 km MMF

PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 5-11

620021-0 Rev. A

1900 MHz GSM

Table 5-10 1900 MHz (GSM) Power per Carrier

Power per Carrier (dBm)

No. of

Carriers

1 26.0 26.0 2 15.5 14.0 3 13.5 12.0 4 12.0 11.0 5 11.0 10.0

610.5 9.0

710.0 8.5

89.0 8.0

98.5 7.5 10 8.0 7.5 11 7.5 7.0 12 7.0 6.5 13 6.5 6.5 14 6.5 6.0 15 6.0 6.0 16 5.5 5.5

2 km SMF 1 km MMF

1900 MHz CDMA

Table 5-11 1900 MHz (CDMA) Power per Carrier

Power per Carrier (dBm)

No. of

Carriers

1 16.0 16.0 2 13.0 13.0

311.0 11.0

4 10.0 10.0

59.0 9.0

68.0 8.0

77.5 7.5

87.0 7.0

5-12 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10

2 km SMF 1 km MMF

620021-0 Rev. A

1900 MHz EDGE

Table 5-12 1900 MHz (EDGE) Power per Carrier

Power per Carrier (dBm)

No. of

Carriers

123.0 23.0

2 15.5 14.0 3 13.5 12.0 4 12.0 11.0

510.5 10.0

69.5 9.0

79.0 8.5

88.0 8.0

97.5 7.5 10 7.0 7.0 11 6.5 6.5 12 6.0 6.0 13 6.0 6.0 14 5.5 5.5 15 5.0 5.0 16 5.0 5.0

2 km SMF 1 km MMF

2.1 GHz UMTS

Table 5-13 2.1 GHz (UMTS) Power per Carrier

Power per Carrier (dBm)

No. of

Carriers

115.0 15.0

211.0 11.0

38.0 8.0

46.5 6.5

55.0 5.0

64.0 4.0

73.0 3.0

Note: measurements taken with no baseband clipping.

PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 5-13

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2 km SMF 1 km MMF

Paging/SMR

Table 5-14 Paging/SMR Power per Carrier: Analog FM, CQPSK, C4FM

Analog FM CQPSK C4FM

No. of

Carriers

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Power per

Carrier (dBm)

2 km SMF

26.0 26.0

19.5 19.5

16.5 16.5

13.5 13.5

12.0 12.0

10.5 10.5

9.5 9.5

8.5 8.5

8.0 8.0

7.0 7.0

1 km MMF

Power per

Carrier (dBm)

No. of

Carriers

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Table 5-15 Paging/SMR Power per Carrier: Mobitex, POCSAG/Reflex

2 km

SMF

22.0 22.0

17.0 17.0

14.5 14.5

12.5 12.5

11.0 11.0

9.5 9.5

9.0 9.0

8.0 8.0

7.5 7.5

7.0 7.0

1 km MMF

No. of

Carriers

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Power per

Carrier (dBm)

2 km

SMF

26.0 26.0

19.5 19.5

16.0 16.0

13.5 13.5

11.5 11.5

10.0 10.0

9.0 9.0

8.5 8.5

7.5 7.5

7.0 7.0

Mobitex POCSAG/Reflex

Power per

Carrier (dBm)

Power per

Carrier (dBm)

1 km MMF

No. of

Carriers

1 2 3 4

2 km SMF

26.0 26.0

19.5 19.5

16.0 16.0

13.5 13.5

1 km MMF

No. of

Carriers

1 2 3 4

2 km

SMF

26.0 26.0

19.5 19.5

16.0 16.0

13.5 13.5

1 km MMF

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800 MHz Cellular/1900 MHz PCS Dual Band

Table 5-16 800 MHz Cellular/1900 MHz PCS Power per Carrier

Recommended Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU (dBm)

800 MHz Cellular 1900 MHz PCS

TDMA AMPS CDMA TDMA GSM CDMA

No. of

Carriers

2 km SMF

1 km MMF

2 km

SMF

1 km MMF

2 km SMF

1 km MMF

2 km

SMF

1 km MMF

2 km

SMF

1 km MMF

2 km SMF

1 23.0 23.0 26.0 26.0 16.0 16.0 21.5 21.5 24.5 24.5 14.5 14.5 2 18.0 18.0 20.0 20.0 13.0 13.0 16.5 16.5 14.0 12.5 11.5 11.5 3 15.0 15.0 16.5 16.5 11.0 11.0 13.5 13.5 12.0 10.5 9.5 9.5 4 13.0 13.0 13.5 13.5 10.0 10.0 11.5 11.5 10.5 9.5 8.5 8.5 5 11.5 11.5 12.0 12.0 9.0 9.0 10.0 10.0 9.5 8.5 7.5 7.5 6 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 8.0 8.0 9 .0 9.0 9.0 7.5 6.5 6.5 7 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 7.5 7.5 8.0 8.0 8.5 7.0 6.0 6.0 8 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.5 6.5 5.5 5.5

9 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 6.5 6.5 7.0 6.0 10 7.5 7.5 7.0 7.0 6.0 6.0 6.5 6.0 11 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 5.5 5.5 6.0 5.5 12 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 5.0 5.0 5.5 5.0 13 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 14 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.5 4.5 4.5 5.0 4.5 15 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 4.0 4.0 4.5 4.5 16 5.5 5.5 5.0 5.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 20 4.5 4.5 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 30 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0

1 km MMF

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Allowing for Future Capacity Growth

Sometimes a Unison deployment initially is used to enhance coverage. Later that same system may also need to provide increased capacity. Thus, the initial deployment might only transmit two carriers but need to transmit four carriers later. There are two options for dealing with this scenario:

1. Design the initial coverage with a maximum power per carrier for four carriers.

2. Design the initial co verage for two carriers but leave RAU ports on the Hubs

unused. These ports can be used later if coverage holes are discovered once the power per carrier is lowered to accommodate the two additional carriers.

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5.2 Estimating RF Coverage

The maximum power per carrier (based on the number and type of RF carriers that are being transmitted) and the minimum acceptable received power at the wireless device (i.e., RSSI, the design goal) establish the RF link budget, and consequently the maximum acceptable path loss between the antenna and the wireless device.

Figure 5-1 Determining Path Loss between the Antenna and the Wireless Device

Antenna and Gain (G)

Coax

RAU

P = power per carrier from the RAU

RSSI = power at the wireless device

(P + L

+ G) – RSSI = PL (1)

coax

The path loss (PL) is the loss in decibels (dB) between the antenna and the wireless device. The distance, d, from the antenna cor responding to this path loss can b e calculated using the path loss equations in Section 5.2.1 and in Section 5.2.2.

Coaxial cable is used to connect the RAU to an antenna. The following table lists coaxial cable loss for various cable lengths.

Table 5-17 Coaxial Cable Losses

Length of Cable (.195 in. diameter)

800 MHz (dB)

0.9 m (3 ft) 0.6 0.8

1.8 m (6 ft) 1.0 1.5

3.0 m (10 ft) 1.5 2.3

Loss at

Loss at 1900 MHz (dB)

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5.2.1 Path Loss Equation

Indoor path loss obeys the distance power law1 in equation (2):

PL = 20log(4πd

f/c) + 10nlog(d/d0) + Χ

where:

• PL is the path loss at a distance, d, from the antenna (the distance between the antenna that is connected to the RAU and the point where the RF signal decreases to the minimum acceptable level at the wireless device).

• d is the distance expressed in meters

•d

is usually taken as 1 meter of free-space.

• f is the operating frequency in hertz.

• c is the speed of light in a vacuum (3.0 × 10

m/sec).

• n is the path loss exponent and depends on the building “clutter”.

•

is a normal random variable that depends on partition losses inside the build-

ing, and therefore, depends on the frequency of operation.

As a reference, the following table gives estimates of signal loss for some RF barriers .

Table 5-18 Average Signal Loss of Common Building Materials

Partition Type

Metal wall 26 815 Aluminum siding 20 815 Foil insulation 4 815 Cubicle walls 1.4 900 Concrete block wall 13 1300 Concrete floor 10 1300 Sheetrock 1 to 2 1300 Light machinery 3 1300 General machiner y 7 1300 Heavy machinery 11 1300 Equipment racks 7 1300 Assembly line 6 1300 Ceiling duct 5 1300 Metal stairs 5 1300

Loss (dB) @ <2 GHz Fre quency (MHz)

(2)

1. Rappaport, Theodor e S. Wireless Communications, Principles, and Practice. Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.

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5.2.2 Coverage Distance

Equations (1) and (2), on pages 5-17 and 5-18, respectively, can be used to estimate the distance from the antenna to where the RF signal decreases to the minimum acceptable level at the wireless device.

Equation (2) can be simplified to:

PL(d) = 20log(4πf/c) + PLSlog(d) (3)

where PLS (path loss slope) is chosen to account for the building’s environment. Because different frequencies penetrate partitions with different losses, the value of PLS will vary depending on the frequency.

T able 5-19 shows estimated path loss slope (PLS) for various environments that have different “clutter” (i.e., objects that attenuate the RF signals, such as walls, partitions, stairwells, equipment racks, etc.)

Table 5-19 Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building Environments

Environment Type Exam ple

Open Environment with very few RF obstructions

Moderately Open Environment with low-to-medium amount of RF obstructions

Mildly Dense Environment with medium-to-high amount of RF obstructions

Moderately Dense Environment with medium-to-high amount of RF obstructions

Dense Environment with large amount of RF obstructio ns

Parking Garage, Convention Center 33.7 30.1

Warehouse, Airport, Manufacturing 35 32

Retail, Office Space with approximately 80% cubicles and 20% hard walled offices

Office Space with approximately 50% cubicles an d 50 % ha r d w alled offices

Hospital, Office Space with approximately 20% cubicles and 80% hard walled offices

For simplicity, Equation (3) can be used to estimate the coverage distance of an antenna that is connected to an RAU, for a given path loss, frequency, and type of in-building environment.

PLS for 800/900 MHz

36.1 33.1

37.6 34.8

39.4 38.1

PLS for 1800/1900 MHz

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Table 5-20 gives the value of the first term of Equation (3) (i.e., (20log(4πf/c)) for various frequency bands.

Table 5-20 Frequency Bands and the Value of the first Term in Equation (3)

Band (MHz)

Mid-Band Frequency (MHz) 20log(4πf/c)Uplink Downlink

800 MHz Cellular 824–849 869–894 859 31.1 800 MHz iDEN 806–824 851–869 837.5 30.9 900 MHz GSM 890–915 935– 96 0 925 31.8 900 MHz EGSM 880–915 925–960 920 31.7 1800 MHz DCS 1710–1785 1805–1880 1795 37.5 1800 MHz CDMA (Korea) 1750–1780 1840–1870 1810 37.6 1900 MHz PCS 1850–1910 1930–1990 1920 38.1

2.1 GHz UMTS 1920–198 0 2110–2170 2045 38.7

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For reference, Tables 5-21 through 5- 27 show the di s tance cover e d by an antenna for various in-building environments. The following assumptions were made:

• Path loss Eq uation (3)

• 6 dBm output per carrier at the RAU output

• 3 dBi antenna gain

• RSSI = –85 dBm (typical for narrowband protocols, but not for spread-spectrum protocols)

Table 5-21 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 800 MHz Cellular Applications

Distance from Antenna

Environment Type

Open Environment 73 241 Moderately Open E nvironment 63 205 Mildly Dense Environment 55 181 Moderately Dense Environment 47 154 Dense Environment 39 129

Table 5-22 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

Meters Feet

for 800 MHz iDEN Applications

Distance from Antenna

Facility

Open Environment 75 244 Moderately Open E nvironment 64 208 Mildly Dense Environment 56 184 Moderately Dense Environment 48 156 Dense Environment 40 131

Table 5-23 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

Meters Feet

for 900 MHz GSM Applications

Distance from Antenna

Facility

Open Environment 70 230 Moderately Open E nvironment 60 197 Mildly Dense Environment 53 174 Moderately Dense Environment 45 148 Dense Environment 38 125

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Meters Feet

Table 5-24 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 900 MHz EGSM Applications

Distance from Antenna

Facility

Meters Feet

Open Environment 70 231 Moderately Open Environment 60 197 Mildly Dense Environment 53 174 Moderately Dense Environment 45 149 Dense Environment 38 125

Table 5-25 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 1800 MHz DCS Applications

Distance from Antenna

Facility

Meters Feet

Open Environment 75 246 Moderately Open Environment 58 191 Mildly Dense Environment 50 166 Moderately Dense Environment 42 137 Dense Environment 30 100

Table 5-26 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 1800 MHz CDMA (Korea) Applications

Distance from Antenna

Facility

Meters Feet

Open Environment 75 247 Moderately Open Environment 58 191 Mildly Dense Environment 51 167 Moderately Dense Environment 42 138 Dense Environment 30 100

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Table 5-27 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 1900 MHz PCS Applications

Distance from Antenna

Facility

Meters Feet

Open Environment 72 236 Moderately Open E nvironment 56 183 Mildly Dense Environment 49 160 Moderately Dense Environment 40 132 Dense Environment 29 96

Table 5-28 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 2.1 GHz UMTS Applications

Distance from Antenna

Facility

Open Environment 69 226 Moderately Open E nvironment 54 176 Mildly Dense Environment 47 154 Moderately Dense Environment 39 128 Dense Environment 28 93

Meters Feet

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5.2.3 Examples of Design Estimates

Example Design Estimate for an 800 MHz TDMA Application

1. Design goals:

• Cellular (859 MHz = average of the lowest uplink and the highest downlink frequency in 800 MHz Cellular band)

• TDMA provider

• 12 TDMA carriers in the system

• –85 dBm design goal (to 95% of the build ing) — the minimu m received power at the wireless device

• Base station with simplex RF connections

2. Power Per Carrier: The tables in Section 5.1, “Maximum Output Power per

Carrier at RAU,” on page 5-3 provide maximum power p er car rier in form ation. The 800 M Hz TDMA tabl e (on page 5-5) indicates that Unison can support 12 carriers with a recommended maximum power per carrier of 7.5 dBm. The input power should be set to the desired output power minus the system gain.

3. Building information:

• 8 floor building with 9,290 sq. meters (100,000 sq. ft.) per floor; total 74,322 sq. meters (800,000 sq. ft.)

• Walls are sheetrock construction; suspended ceiling tiles

• Antennas used will be omni-directional, ceiling mounted

• Standard office environment, 50% hard wall offices and 50% cubicles

4. Link Budget: In this example, a design goal of –85 dBm is used. Suppose 3 dBi

omni-directional antennas are used in the design. Then, the maximum RF propagation loss should be no more than 95.5 dB (7.5 dBm + 3 dBi + 85 dBm) over 95% of the area being covered. It is important to no t e that a design goal such as

–85 dBm is usually derived taking into account multipath fading and log-normal shadowing characteristics. Thus, this design goal will only be met “on average” over 95% of the area being covered. At any given point, a fade may bring the signal level underneath the design goal.

Note that this method of calculating a link budget is only for the downlink path. For information to calculate link budgets for both the downlink and uplink paths, see Section 5.4 on page 5-29.

5. Path Loss Slope: For a rough estimate, T able 5-19, “Estimated Path Loss Slope for

Different In-Building Environments” on page 5-19, shows that a building with 50% hard wall offices and 50% cubicles, at 859 MHz, has an approximat e path loss slop e (PLS) of 37.6. Given the RF link budget of 95.5 dB, the distance of coverage from each RAU will be 52 meters (170.6 ft). This corresponds to a coverage area of 8,494 sq. meters (91,425 sq. ft.) per RAU (see Section 5.2.1 for details on path los s estimation). For this case we assumed a circular radiation pattern, though t he actual area covered will depend upon the pattern of the antenna and the obstruction s in the facility.

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Equipment Required: Since you know the building size, you can now estimate the Unison equipment quantities that will be needed. Before any RF levels are tested in the building, you can estimate that 2 antennas per level will be needed. This assumes no propagation between floors. If there is propagation, you may not need antennas on every floor.

a. 2 antennas per floor × 8 floors = 16 RAUs b. 16 RAUs ÷ 8 (maximum 8 RAUs per Expansion Hub) = 2 Expansion Hubs c. 2 Expansion Hubs ÷ 4 (maximum 4 Exp a ns ion H u bs per Mai n Hu b) = 1 Main

Hub

Check that the Cat-5 cable distances are as recommended. If the distances differ, use the tables in Section 5.3, “System Gain,” on page 5-28 to determine system gains or losses. The path loss may need to be recalculated to assure adequate signal levels in the required coverage distance.

The above estimates assume that all cable length requirements are met. If Hubs cannot be placed so that the RAUs are within the distance requirement, additional Hubs may need to be placed closer to the required RAUs locations.

An RF Site Survey and Building Evaluation is required to accurately establish the Unison equipment quantities required for the building. The site survey measures the RF losses within the building to determine the actual PLS, which will be used in the final path loss formula to determine the actual requirements of the Unison system.

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Example Design Estimate for an 1900 MHz CDMA Application

1. Design goals:

• PCS (1920 MHz = average of the lowest uplink and the highest downlink frequency in 1900 MHz PCS band)

• CDMA provider

• 8 CDMA carriers in the system

• –85 dBm design goal (to 95% of the build ing) — the minimu m received power at the wireless device

• Base station with simplex RF connections

2. Power Per Carrier: The tables in Section 5.1, “Maximum Output Power per

Carrier at RAU,” on page 5-3 provide maximum power p er car rier in form ation. The 1900 MHz CDMA table (on page 5-12) indicates that Unison can support 8 carriers with a recommended maximum power per carrier of 6.5 dBm. The input power should be set to the desired output power minus the system gain.

3. Building information:

• 16 floor building with 9,290 sq. meters (100,000 sq. ft.) per floor; total 148,640 sq. meters (1,600,000 sq. ft.)

• Walls are sheetrock construction; suspended ceiling tiles

• Antennas used will be omni-directional, ceiling mounted

• Standard office environment, 80% hard wall offices and 20% cubicles

4. Link Budget: In this example, a design goal of –85 dBm is used. Suppose 3 dBi

omni-directional antennas are used in the design. Then, the maximum RF propagation loss should be no more than 94.5 dB (6.5 dBm + 3 dBi + 85 dBm) over 95% of the area being covered. It is important to no t e that a design goal such as

Note that this method of calculating a link budget is only for the downlink path. For information to calculate link budgets for both the downlink and uplink paths, see Section 5.4 on page 5-29.

5. Path Loss Slope: For a rough estimate, T able 5-19, “Estimated Path Loss Slope for

Different In-Building Environments” on page 5-19, shows that a building with 80% hard wall offices and 20% cubicles, at 1920 MHz, has an approximate p ath los s slope (PLS) of 38.1. Given the RF link budget of 94.5 dB, the distance of coverage from each RAU will be 30.2 me ters (99 ft). This correspond s to a covera ge area of 2,868 sq. meters (30,854 sq. ft.) per RAU (see Section 5.2.1 for details on path loss estimation). For this case we assumed a circular radiation pattern, though the actual area covered will depend upon the pattern of the antenna and the obstructions in the facility.

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6. Equipment Required: Since you know the building size, you can now estimate

the Unison equipment quantities that will be needed. Before any RF levels are tested in the building, you can estimate that 4 antennas per level will be needed. This assumes no propagation between floors. If there is propagation, you may not need antennas on every floor.

a. 4 antennas per floor × 16 floors = 64 RAUs b. 64 RAUs ÷ 8 (maximum 8 RAUs per Expansion Hub) = 8 Expansion Hubs c. 8 Expansion Hubs ÷ 4 (maximum 4 Expansion Hubs per Main H u b) = 2 Main

Hub

Check that the MMF and Cat-5 cable distances are as recommended. If the distances differ, use the tables in Section 5.3, “System Gain,” on page 5-28 to determine system gains or losses. The path loss may need to be recalculated to assure adequate signal levels in the required coverage distance.

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5.3 System Gain

The system gain can be decreased from 15 dB to 0 dB gain in 1 dB increments and the uplink and downlink gains of each RAU can be independently decreased by 10 dB in one step using AdminManager or OpsConsole.

5.3.1 System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScTP Cable Length

The recommended minimum length of ScTP cable is 10 meters (3 3 f t ) and the recommended maximum length is 100 meters (328 ft). The system should not be operated with ScTP cable that is less than 10 meters (33 ft) in length, system performance will be greatly compromised. If the ScTP cable is longer than 100 meters (328 ft), the gain of the system will decrease, as shown in Table 5-29.

Table 5-29 System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScT P Cable Length

Typical change in system gain (dB) ScTP Cable Length

800 MHz TDMA/AMPS and CDMA; 900 MHz GSM and EGSM; and iDEN

110 m / 361 ft –1.0 –0.7 120 m / 394 ft –3.2 –2.4 130 m / 426 ft –5.3 –4.1 140 m / 459 ft –7.5 –5.8 150 m / 492 ft –9.7 –7.6

1800 MHz GSM (DCS); 1900 MHz TDMA, CDMA, and GSM

110 m / 361 ft –1.0 –0.7 120 m / 394 ft –4.0 –2.4 130 m / 426 ft –6.4 –4.1 140 m / 459 ft –8.8 –5.8 150 m / 492 ft –11.3 –7.6

2.1 GHz UMTS

110 m / 361 ft –1.0 –0.7 120 m / 394 ft –3.2 –2.4 130 m / 426 ft –5.3 –4.1 140 m / 459 ft –7.5 –5.8 150 m / 492 ft –9.7 –7.6

Downlink Uplink

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5.4 Link Budget Analysis

A link budget is a methodical way to account for the gains and losses in an RF system so that the quality of coverage can be predicted. The end result can often be stated as a “design goal” in which the coverage is determined by the maximum distance from each RAU before the signal strength falls beneath that goal.

One key feature of the link budget is the maximum power per carrier discussed in Section 5.1. While the maximum power per carrier is important as far as emissions and signal quality requirements are concerned, it is critical that the maximum signal into the Main Hub never exceed 1W (+30 dBm). Composite power levels above this limit will cause damage to the Main Hub.

WARNING: Exceeding the maximum input power of 1W (+30 dBm) could cause permanent damage to the Main Hub.

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5.4.1 Elements of a Link Budget for Narrowband Standards

The link budget represents a typical calculation that might be used to determine how much path loss can be afforded in a Unison des ign. This link budget analyzes both the downlink and uplink paths. For most configurations, the downlink requires lower path loss and is therefore the limiting factor in the system design. It is for this reason that a predetermined “design goal” for the downlink is sufficient to predict coverage distance.

The link budget is organized in a simple manner: the transmitted power is calculated, the airlink losses due to fading and body loss are summed, and the receiver sensitivity (minimum level a signal can be received f or acceptable call qua lity) is calculated. The maximum allowable path loss (in dB) is the difference between the transmitted power, less the airlink losses, and the receiver sensitivity. From the path loss, the maximum coverage distance can be estimated using the path loss formula presented in Section 5.2.1.

Table 5-30 provides link budget considerations for narrowband systems.

Table 5-30 Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems

Consideration Description

BTS Transmit Power The power per carrier transmitted from the base station output Attenuation between

BTS and Unison

Antenna Gain The radiated output power includes ant enna gain. For example, if you use a 3 dBi antenna at the

BTS Noise Figure This is the effective noise floor of the base station in pu t (usually base statio n sen sitiv ity is this effe c-

Unison Noise Figure This is Unison’s uplink noise f ig ur e, which varies de pe n din g on the number of H u bs an d RAUs, and

This includes all losses: cable, attenuator, splitter/combiner, and so forth. On the downlink, attenuation must be chosen so that the maximum power per carrier going into the

Main Hub does not exceed th e levels given in Section 5.1. On the uplink, attenuation is chosen to keep the maximum uplink signal and noise level low enough

to prevent base station alarms but small enough not to cause degradation in the system sensitivity. If the Unison noise figure minus the attenuation is at least 10 dB higher than the BTS noise figure,

the system noise figure will be approximately tha t o f Uni son a lon e. See Section 5.5 for wa ys to i nd ependently set the uplink and downlink attenuations between the base station and Unison.

RAU that is transmitting 0 dBm per carrier, the effective radiated power (relative to an isotropic radiator) is 3 dBm per carrier.

tive noise floor plus a certain C/I ratio).

the frequency band. Unison’s uplink noise figure is specified for a 1-1-4 configuration. Thus, the noise figure for a Unison system (or multiple systems whose uplink ports are power combined) will be NF(1-1-4) + 10*log(# of Hubs). This represents an upper-bound because the noise figure is lower if any of the Hub’s RAU ports ar e not used.

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